{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 480, "n_models": 470, "weight": 11344.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 61, "weight_structure_formation": 1681.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 138, "blocks_key_observables": 287, "blocks_all_observables": 33, "minor": 22}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 304, "large": 25, "small": 151}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_09904_cosmic_ray_boosted_gidm_spin2_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-ray boosted sub-GeV gravitationally interacting dark matter with a spin-2 mediator", "family": "gravitationally_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09904", "score": 47.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The momentum-dependent spin-2 (KK graviton) CR-DM scattering cross section and boosted-flux calculation exist only as a private modification of DarkSUSY; no public code computes dPhi_chi/dT_chi and its Earth attenuation for the G^{mu nu}T_{mu nu} coupling with its strong q^2 dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public DarkSUSY CRDM module with the spin-2 mediator differential cross section d(sigma)/dT for CR protons/helium on chi (parameterized by m_chi, m_G, c_SM/Lambda, c_DM/Lambda) and thread the same momentum dependence through the layered-Earth attenuation solver, validating against the paper's O(1e-35) cm^2 benchmark reach.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03176_inelastic_dark_matter_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic dark matter with a dark photon mediator", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03176", "score": 45.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the two-state Majorana inelastic dark matter with kinetically mixed dark photon is not confirmed public, blocking off-the-shelf reproduction of the micrOMEGAs coannihilation thermal targets over (m_chi1, Delta, m_A', epsilon, alpha_D).", "proposed_resolution": "Release or re-derive the FeynRules v2.3.32 iDM implementation, export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs v5.0.6, and validate against the paper's benchmark thermal targets at m_A'/m_chi1 = 2.5 and 3 with Delta = 0.1 m_chi1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_01846_pq_dirac_neutrino_scalar_wimp_axion_v1", "model_name": "PQ Dirac-neutrino model with scalar WIMP and axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.01846", "score": 41.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP (or equivalent) implementation of the mixed singlet-doublet scalar sector of this one-loop PQ Dirac-neutrino model exists, so the scalar WIMP freeze-out and sigma_SI cannot be computed beyond the paper's limiting-case benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the eta_u-singlet scalar sector (mass eigenstates, quartic couplings, Higgs and gauge interactions) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP, and run micrOMEGAs for Omega_S h^2 and sigma_SI across the singlet-doublet mixing plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_02514_singlet_doublet_freeze_in_fast_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet freeze-in dark matter in fast-expansion cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.02514", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No freeze-in relic-abundance solver implements this model's non-standard fast-expansion pre-BBN cosmology; the required Boltzmann integration with a modified H(T) (parameters n, T_r) and decays of thermalized doublet-like states is not available in any public code identified by the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a standalone Boltzmann script) to accept a user-defined H(T) = H_std (T/T_r)^(n/2) fast-expansion history, and validate against the relic-density contours in the primary paper benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_10160_conformal_freeze_in_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in quark-portal dark matter", "family": "conformal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.10160", "score": 39.7, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline maps the quark-portal CFT operator (lambda_CFT, Lambda_CFT, d) onto the listed null channels — CMB energy injection, stellar cooling, meson decays, and collider unparticle searches — for couplings above the freeze-in benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a screening recast combining existing unparticle collider limits, stellar-cooling rate formulas, and ExoCLASS-style CMB energy-injection constraints, parameterized by (lambda_CFT, Lambda_CFT, d), validated against the paper's benchmark consistency statement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_09771_2hdm_a_majorana_v1", "model_name": "Two-Higgs-doublet plus pseudoscalar mediator Majorana dark matter", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.09771", "score": 39.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the one- and two-loop matching of the 2HDM+a pseudoscalar interactions onto nucleon scalar and gluon operators, which produces the leading (loop-induced) spin-independent signal since the tree-level rate is momentum suppressed; the model's critical direct-detection observable therefore cannot be computed with existing packages like micrOMEGAs, which stop at tree level for this structure.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the published one- and two-loop Wilson-coefficient formulas (from the primary paper and the pseudoscalar-mediator matching literature, e.g. 1810.01039) as a module feeding DirectDM/DDCalc, validated against the paper's maximum sigma_SI near 5e-47 cm^2 at m_A = 600 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_03695_susy_b_minus_l_neutralino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric B-L neutralino LSP dark matter with metastable cosmic strings", "family": "supersymmetric_b_l_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.03695", "score": 39.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code couples the B-L hybrid-inflation dynamics, tachyonic preheating, heavy-neutrino leptogenesis, B-L-Higgs-to-gravitino decays, and thermal plus nonthermal neutralino production into one scan, so the viable window (v_B-L = 3.0-5.8e15 GeV, m_3/2 = 10 TeV-10 PeV, x about 0.4) cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a scan pipeline that combines micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY for the thermal higgsino/wino relic component with a set of coupled Boltzmann equations for reheating, gravitino production, and B-L Higgs decays (following the paper's equations), validated by recovering the quoted viable window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_06072_inelastic_freeze_in_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic freeze-in pseudo-Dirac dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.06072", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the pseudo-Dirac dark-photon freeze-in setup exists; the paper's micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files for computing the chi1/chi2 freeze-in yields (including Z-decay contributions) are not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the pseudo-Dirac model (chi1, chi2, kinetically mixed A' with off-diagonal current) in CalcHEP/FeynRules and run micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines, validating against the paper's relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_06777_gauged_b_l_dirac_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_{B-L} light Dirac-neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.06777", "score": 38.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the coupled Boltzmann system for phi_1 freeze-out, chi freeze-in from phi_1 decay, and thermal plus nonthermal right-handed-neutrino energy density in the gauged B-L setup, so Delta N_eff and the relic abundance cannot be evaluated at new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's coupled abundance and energy-density equations in a public freeze-in framework (e.g. extend micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines or a standalone ULYSSES/odeint solver) tracking Y_phi1, Y_chi, and rho_nuR through the Z' and scalar portals, validated against the paper's Delta N_eff contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_11256_messenger_inflation_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Messenger-inflation minimal GMSB gravitino superWIMP", "family": "superwimp_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.11256", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's spectrum and relic pipeline is unreleased: the mapping from (Lambda, M, N_5, tan beta) to the sparticle spectrum satisfying the 125.1 GeV Higgs constraint and the bino freeze-out abundance cannot be reproduced from the card alone, which blocks any independent rescan of the messenger-inflation-consistent parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the minimal GMSB pipeline with public tools (a standard MSSM spectrum generator with GMSB boundary conditions plus a relic-density code for slepton-coannihilating bino freeze-out), validating against the paper's benchmark (tau_B < 1 s at N_5=1, Lambda=10, m_3/2 < 5.8 GeV).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_00820_nonthermal_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal WIMP baryogenesis model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.00820", "score": 37.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled reheating + nonthermal WIMP re-annihilation + baryon source/washout Boltzmann system; the paper's numerical integration is unreleased and standard relic codes assume a radiation-dominated thermal history, so Y_B and Omega_DM h^2 cannot be recomputed across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Write and release a coupled ODE solver (or extend micrOMEGAs' low-reheating/nonstandard-cosmology module) tracking rho_phi, rho_rad, n_X, n_Xbar, and Y_B with CP asymmetry and washout rates as inputs, validated against the paper's benchmark Y_B ~ 0.86e-10 curves without the sudden-decay approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07471_purely_gravitational_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Purely gravitational scalar dark matter", "family": "purely_gravitational_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07471", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the scalar mode equations for gravitational particle production in a coupled inflaton/reheating background for general m_chi, xi, H_inf, and T_R; the paper relies on private semi-analytic and numerical estimates, so the relic abundance and coherent fraction cannot be recomputed or scanned by outside users.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop and release a Bogoliubov mode-function solver coupled to an inflaton background integrator: integrate the FRW plus inflaton-oscillation background for a parameterized potential, solve the chi mode equations with nonminimal coupling xi, output occupation numbers n_k, Omega_chi h^2, and the coherent-oscillation fraction, validated against the conformal-coupling suppression limit at xi = 1/6.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_00568_inverse_seesaw_b_l_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L inverse-seesaw Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.00568", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs implementation of the gauged B-L plus L_mu-L_tau inverse-seesaw model that the paper used for relic density and sigma_SI is not publicly released, so the Boltzmann-abundance step cannot be run or the scan plots reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files into micrOMEGAs, and validate by reproducing the paper's sigma_SI-vs-M_DM and M_ZBL-g_BL scan plots near the h_2 and Z_BL resonance regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_05025_hidden_qcd_dark_meson_v1", "model_name": "Conformal hidden-QCD dark meson model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.05025", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann network implementation exists for the multi-component pi/K hidden-meson relic abundance with inverse conversion (pi pi <-> K K), annihilation into eta-like states, and the small Higgs-singlet portal; the route's forward chain contains no relic step at all and the paper's y3 ~ 0.0024 statement is benchmark-level only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled multi-species Boltzmann equations for the near-degenerate pi/K multiplet (conversion-driven freeze-out) in micrOMEGAs' multi-component mode or a dedicated code, with hadronic cross sections from the NJL chiral Lagrangian, and validate against the paper's BP1 y3 scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_16139_late_decay_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting dark matter from late pseudo-WIMP decays", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16139", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical implementation of the U(1)_X dark sector with Higgs-portal messenger S exists for computing the S freeze-out abundance and its tree/three-body/loop branching ratios within one consistent pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the post-breaking Lagrangian in FeynRules and run micrOMEGAs for the S freeze-out abundance, adding the paper's analytic three-body and loop decay widths as model-specific routines.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal scalar-singlet dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs model file for the neutrinophilic THDM with the Z2-odd scalar singlet is not publicly released, so the WIMP relic-density, direct-detection, and annihilation pipeline cannot be run without re-implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the THDM plus sterile-neutrino-portal Lagrangian in FeynRules from the published scalar potential and Yukawa terms, export micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's Planck relic-density scan band and Higgs-portal direct-detection results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_08881_light_thermal_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light thermal pseudo-Dirac dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "vector_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08881", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the order-alpha_D NLO corrections to pseudo-Dirac dark-photon annihilation and scattering; the O(10 percent) to tens-of-percent shifts to the thermal target exist only as the paper's private matrix-element calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the NLO annihilation and scattering matrix elements as a public package (e.g. an add-on cross-section module for micrOMEGAs or MadDM for the pseudo-Dirac dark photon model), validated against the paper's stated NLO/LO ratios.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_2613_radiative_seesaw_warm_n1_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Radiative seesaw warm N_1 dark matter with N_2 entropy dilution", "family": "radiative_seesaw_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2613", "score": 36.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable scan pipeline couples the thermal yield, N_2 entropy injection, BBN reheating bound (0.7-4 MeV), relic density, and LFV constraints; the paper provides only analytic estimates for benchmark points (agent_notes: no reusable global scan).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled yield/dilution ODE system with a BBN reheating-temperature check as a small standalone solver (or a micrOMEGAs non-standard-cosmology module) and combine it with the analytic LFV formulas into a parameter-scan driver.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_07921_leptophobic_axial_zprime_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free leptophobic axial Z-prime Dirac dark matter", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07921", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the anomaly-free leptophobic U(1)_B model with axial Dirac DM; the paper's implementation is of unknown availability, so relic-density and collider rates cannot be reproduced without reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the benchmark Lagrangian (Z' with vector quark and axial DM couplings, scalar s, heavy anomalons integrated out) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/UFO, validate against the paper's g_B(m_Zprime) relic curves, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_09141_fimp_decay_scattering_v1", "model_name": "Simplified light FIMP with decay and scattering production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.09141", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No documented public tool computes the freeze-in phase-space distribution including the 2-to-2 s- and t-channel scattering contribution with variable yield fraction Y_scat/Y_total; the paper's bespoke collision-term solver and its neural-network parameter maps exist only as undocumented arXiv ancillary files with no repository or tests (reproducibility_level: partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Package the collision-term integrator for decay-plus-scattering freeze-in (or extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routines to output full momentum distributions rather than yields) together with the neural-network weights as a documented repository reproducing the A_3.5keV = 0.46 and N_sat = 63 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_02401_singlet_scalar_freeze_in_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting singlet scalar freeze-in/dark-freeze-out dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02401", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No solver exists for the coupled freeze-in/dark-freeze-out history of this model: Higgs-decay freeze-in of the scalar, lambda_s-dependent internal thermalization, and relativistic 4-to-2 number-changing freeze-out, tracking both the relic abundance and the evolved momentum distribution f(p) needed downstream; existing freeze-in tools (e.g. micrOMEGAs) do not treat cannibal 4-to-2 dynamics or output phase-space distributions.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop (or extend a phase-space Boltzmann framework such as the unintegrated freeze-in codes used for FIMP spectra) a momentum-level solver for the s-sector with Higgs-decay source terms, elastic self-thermalization, and 4-to-2/2-to-4 collision terms including relativistic corrections, outputting Omega h^2, xi, and tabulated f(q) over the (lambda_hs, lambda_s, m_s) plane, validated against the paper's relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_07243_z4_inert_doublet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z4-odd inert-doublet WIMP in an A4 three-Higgs-doublet model", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.07243", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files exist for the A4-Z4 three-Higgs-doublet inert sector (associated_code lists no repositories), so the relic scan with H_3-A_3 co-annihilation and the mixing-angle-dependent effective Higgs portal cannot be reproduced with standard IDM implementations alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the A4-Z4 3HDM scalar sector in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's benchmark points (42.2 GeV, 53.65 GeV, and the >536 GeV high-mass window) before public release.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07865_scale_invariant_inverse_seesaw_majoron_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant inverse-seesaw Majoron freeze-in dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.07865", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP model implementation of the scale-invariant inverse-seesaw Majoron model exists; the paper used private model files, so the micrOMEGAs freeze-in pipeline cannot be run without re-implementing the full scalar potential and inverse-seesaw Yukawa sector, including the CP-even scalar mixing.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the reparametrized scale-invariant potential and inverse-seesaw Yukawa sector in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, validate against the paper's freeze-in benchmark table with micrOMEGAs 5.3, and publish the model files in a public repository.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_00277_right_handed_sneutrino_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino self-interacting dark matter in double focus point BLSSM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.00277", "score": 35.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Stock relic-density codes (micrOMEGAs, DarkSUSY with standard model files) do not include the Sommerfeld enhancement of sneutrino annihilation into light bilepton pairs that the paper relies on to reach the Planck abundance in the MeV-mediator regime, so Omega h^2 cannot be computed with released tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a micrOMEGAs BLSSM implementation with Sommerfeld factors for the attractive Yukawa potential of eta_1 exchange (Hulthen-potential approximation) applied to the annihilation into bilepton pairs, and rerun the freeze-out integration to reproduce Omega h^2 = 0.1199 +/- 0.0027 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_09726_scotogenic_scalar_doublet_emd_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter in early matter domination", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09726", "score": 35.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code couples the micrOMEGAs inert-doublet freeze-out to the early-matter-domination Boltzmann system (phi field, Gamma_phi, T_end, entropy injection); the modified relic computation exists only as the paper's private numerical solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or wrap its rate output in a standalone integrator) with the coupled phi-radiation-DM Boltzmann equations parameterized by (T_end, k, Gamma_phi), validating against the standard radiation-dominated limit; micrOMEGAs 5.x hooks for user-defined H(T) make this a natural extension point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3le_scotogenic_pattern_a_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_e scotogenic pattern-A fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 34.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/SARAH model files feeding micrOMEGAs, CalcHEP, and SPheno/FlavorKit) exists for the U(1) B-3L_e scotogenic field content, so the relic density, sigma_SI, and LFV branching ratios computed privately by the authors cannot be reproduced or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and release a SARAH or FeynRules implementation of the model (three N_R, inert doublet eta, singlet S, heavy scalar H, flavored Z') and export micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files for relic and direct detection plus SPheno/FlavorKit output for mu -> e gamma and related LFV rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_real_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/abundance solver treats hidden-sector 4-to-2 number-changing freeze-out plus freeze-in through on-shell dark photons for two nearly degenerate real scalars with an independently evolving dark-sector temperature; existing relic codes (micrOMEGAs, DarkSUSY) do not include 4-to-2 collision terms or the two-state chemical network that sets the late abundance ratio R_0.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a hidden-sector relic module (e.g. the micrOMEGAs dark-sector-temperature framework or a standalone SIMP code) with 4-to-2 collision terms, the freeze-in portal term, and coupled Boltzmann equations for phi_1, phi_2, and the dark temperature, outputting the yield and R_0 as functions of (m, Delta m, m_V, g_V, epsilon).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_01670_lrs_su2r_quintuplet_bl2_singlet_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric SU(2)_R quintuplet dark matter with B-L=2 and singlet scalar", "family": "left_right_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01670", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation exists for the B-L=2 SU(2)_R quintuplet, including the radiative mass splittings that determine where the neutral component stops being the lightest state (around 3 TeV in the paper's setup), W_R coannihilation, and singlet-scalar (H_1) annihilation channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the left-right gauge sector, B-L=2 quintuplet, and singlet scalar in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs via CalcHEP model files with charge-specific couplings and one-loop mass splittings, and validate by reproducing the paper's relic bands and the neutral-lightest boundary near 3 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_09154_hidden_u1d_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component hidden U(1)_D scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.09154", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The two-component hidden U(1)_D scalar model (Z2 x Z2' stable states, dark photon and dark-scalar mediators) has no public model implementation, so the coupled Boltzmann relic calculation that fixes the 40-60 percent component split cannot be reproduced with existing multi-component solvers.", "proposed_resolution": "Write the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run it through micrOMEGAs' two-component dark-sector mode, validating against the primary paper's benchmark relic splits and annihilation cross sections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11857_majorana_heavy_quark_gluon_philic_eft_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-quark and gluon-philic Majorana dark matter EFT", "family": "heavy_quark_gluon_philic_effective_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11857", "score": 34, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model-specific implementation of the Majorana heavy-quark/gluon operator basis exists: the paper used MadDM, FeynRules, and micrOMEGAs but released no FeynRules/UFO model files, so the relic-density normalization of the Wilson coefficients cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model from the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the seven Majorana heavy-quark and gluon operators (scalar, pseudoscalar, axial-vector, twist-2, and gluonic structures) as a FeynRules model, export UFO files for MadDM/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1198 single-operator contours over 10 GeV to 2 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15813_thermal_squeezeout_zprime_dark_baryons_v1", "model_name": "Z' portal thermal squeezeout dark-baryon model", "family": "confining_dark_sector_thermal_squeezeout", "arxiv": "2203.15813", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code implements the squeezeout relic calculation (pre-confinement freeze-out, pocket-stage baryon survival, glueball abundance, and entropy dilution) for this Z'-portal dark-SU(3) model, so the relic-abundance line cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled abundance network as a released solver: standard Boltzmann freeze-out of dark quarks (micrOMEGAs-style), the source's squeezeout survival prescription as a swappable module, and the glueball early-matter-domination dilution, validated against the paper's O(10^6) TeV relic line.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_00184_type_i_seesaw_freeze_in_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type I seesaw freeze-in long-lived S dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00184", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The freeze-in relic abundance from h -> SS is only an analytic order-of-magnitude estimate (f_h ~ 1e-12); the dark U(1)_D seesaw model is not implemented in any public freeze-in solver, so Omega_S h^2 as a function of (f_h, m_S, T_R) cannot be computed numerically or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Build model files (FeynRules/CalcHEP) for the effective hSS coupling and run micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module to compute Omega_S h^2 including the reheat-window dependence; validate against the paper's f_h ~ 1e-12 target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_12322_lepton_quarticity_self_interacting_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-quarticity self-interacting Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.12322", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver implements the right-handed-neutrino thermal history of this Z4 x Z4' Dirac-seesaw sector (nu_R production through the phi/N Yukawas, decoupling temperature, vector-like N decays) needed to compute Delta N_eff against the Planck interval and the CMB-S4 target of ~0.06.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Delta N_eff Boltzmann framework for Dirac-neutrino nu_R thermalization (as in the arXiv:2103.05648 approach) with this model's f_ij and g_ij couplings and N masses, outputting Delta N_eff(T_dec) over the scan parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_12322_lepton_quarticity_self_interacting_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-quarticity self-interacting Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.12322", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files plus micrOMEGAs or DDCalc hookup) exists for the lepton-quarticity model, so the relic-density scan and especially the one-loop spin-independent nucleon cross section cannot be reproduced or recast against direct-detection exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs for the relic density, code the paper's one-loop Wilson coefficient for the Higgs-exchange sigma_SI, and compare through DDCalc to LZ/XENONnT likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_09558_feebly_coupled_u1x_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly coupled U(1)_X hidden-sector dark fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.09558", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code chains the two-temperature cosmology end to end for this model: hidden-sector effective potential with xi(T)-dependent nucleation, plus the coupled Boltzmann yield equations for D, A', and the hidden scalar with feeble kinetic-mixing energy exchange; the paper's pipeline is internal.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CosmoTransitions/FindBounce to evaluate the bounce action at hidden temperature T_h = xi(T) T and couple it to a released two-temperature Boltzmann integrator (building on micrOMEGAs 5's hidden-sector temperature-ratio machinery) for the U(1)_X reaction network, validated against the paper's Omega_hidden h^2 and T_n benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3ltau_scotogenic_pattern_c_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_tau scotogenic pattern-C fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 33.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the U(1) B-3L_tau scotogenic spectrum (N_Ri, inert doublet eta, singlet S, heavy scalar H, Z'): the paper's micrOMEGAs and MadGraph5_aMC@NLO setups were not released, so Omega_N1 h^2 near the M_H about 2 M_N1 scalar resonance and the scalar-portal sigma_SI cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full model in FeynRules/SARAH with the pattern-C charge assignment, export CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files for relic density and direct detection, validate the resonance region M_H about 2 M_N1 per the route's validation test, and couple sigma_SI output to public xenon likelihoods (XENON1T/LZ) to replace the card's qualitative benchmark statements.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03013_scotogenic_type_ii_inert_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic type-II seesaw inert-doublet dark matter cogenesis model", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03013", "score": 33.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SARAH model files, SPheno input cards, and micrOMEGAs implementation of the scotogenic-plus-type-II model used for the three benchmark points are not publicly released, so the spectrum, relic density, and LFV checks cannot be reproduced from the paper alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model in SARAH 4 (Yukawas Y^N, Y^Delta, trilinear mu eta eta Delta, triplet sector), regenerate SPheno and micrOMEGAs code, and validate against the three published benchmark relic-density curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03013_scotogenic_type_ii_inert_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic type-II seesaw inert-doublet dark matter cogenesis model", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03013", "score": 33.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled Boltzmann system that evolves the inert-doublet abundance together with the lepton asymmetry sourced by tree-level interference with the absorptive triplet propagator, which is the paper's central cogenesis calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a coupled freeze-out/asymmetry Boltzmann module (e.g. on top of micrOMEGAs rates or in a ULYSSES-style leptogenesis framework) implementing the L=2 scattering CP source, washout terms, and sphaleron conversion, validated against the Y_B peak near m_Delta ~ 2 m_eta.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_10015_blsmis_two_component_fimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "BLSMIS two-component S_1^1 plus nu_H^1 FIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.10015", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the coupled two-component BLSMIS freeze-in calculation: the paper used SARAH/SPheno/micrOMEGAs internally but released no model files, and micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module does not directly handle two simultaneously produced FIMP species (keV S_1^1 and GeV nu_H^1) fed by Z' decay, h_2 decay, and annihilations across Regions I and II.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and release a SARAH/FeynRules model file for the B-L inverse seesaw with Z2-odd S_1^1, and extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines (or write a small standalone integrator using its rates) to track the two yields Y_S1 and Y_nuH1 simultaneously, validating against the paper's Region I/II benchmarks and the g_prime -> 0 vanishing-yield limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_heavy_dark_photon_scalar_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark-photon portal complex-scalar freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in code covers the full IR freeze-in calculation for keV-to-GeV complex-scalar dark matter through a heavy kinetically mixed dark photon including in-medium plasmon decay, which dominates the yield at low masses; existing tools (micrOMEGAs freeze-in) treat only vacuum annihilation rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a standalone integrator) with thermal-field-theory plasmon decay and in-medium mixing suppression for the scalar dark-photon portal, validated against the primary paper's observed-relic epsilon(m_phi) target lines.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_10360_higgs_portal_self_interacting_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal self-interacting freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.10360", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files or released freeze-in scripts) exists for the two-field X/Y Higgs-portal dark sector, so the Sommerfeld-corrected freeze-in relic calculation (Omega_X and the Y overproduction check) cannot be reproduced from the paper alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the renormalizable X/Y Lagrangian with the feeble portal couplings in micrOMEGAs 5.x using its freeze-in module (or a standalone yield integrator for H->XX decay and HH->XX annihilation with Sommerfeld factors), validated against the paper's Planck-saturating benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_08422_singlet_triplet_scotogenic_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Singlet + Triplet Scotogenic scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_wimp", "arxiv": "1910.08422", "score": 33.1, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's Python scan chaining SARAH, SPheno, micrOMEGAs, and MadGraph, including its neutrino-oscillation fit and constraint filters, is not publicly released, so reproducing the viable eta_R parameter regions requires rebuilding the singlet-plus-triplet scotogenic model files and scan logic from scratch.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the singlet-plus-triplet scotogenic SARAH model file and the scan driver (with the Casas-Ibarra-style neutrino fit and Planck/XENON1T/collider filters), validating against the paper's benchmark exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_4007_supersymmetric_two_component_radiative_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric radiative-neutrino two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.4007", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-plus-relic-density implementation of the supersymmetric radiative-neutrino model exists: the N1/eta_u sector with N1-N2 coannihilation on top of the MSSM neutralino is not available as micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files, so the two-component relic abundance cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the radiative-neutrino superpotential sector (N_i, eta_u, eta_d superfields) in LanHEP/FeynRules, generate CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs in its multi-component mode to reproduce the paper's Omega_N1 + Omega_chi = 0.11 benchmarks including N1-N2 coannihilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03554_two_real_singlet_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-real-singlet self-interacting scalar dark matter model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03554", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files exist for the two-real-singlet Z2 x Z2-prime model, so the paper's relic-density, direct-detection, and invisible-Higgs computations cannot be reproduced without reimplementing the model from the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the scalar potential (two real singlets plus Higgs, with Z2-prime-breaking trilinears and Majorana-neutrino couplings) in FeynRules or LanHEP, export CalcHEP model files, and validate against the paper's benchmark relic density and PandaX-II comparison at m_chi = 100 GeV in micrOMEGAs 5.x.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_04964_l2_right_sneutrino_nonthermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter with L=2 masses", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.04964", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation exists of the coupled freeze-in calculation for the L=2 right-sneutrino LSP: the full decay inventory of higgsinos and heavier superparticles into the sneutrino, plus the accompanying sterile-neutrino yield, is not encoded in any public Boltzmann setup for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the MSSM plus right-chiral neutrino superfields with L=2 Majorana and soft masses in SARAH/FeynRules, generate CalcHEP files, and use the micrOMEGAs 5 freeze-in module extended to include NLSP freeze-out-and-decay and the sterile-neutrino warm component, validated against the paper's hierarchy/cancellation viable regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09726_scotogenic_scalar_doublet_feu_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter in a fast-expanding universe", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09726", "score": 33.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code couples the micrOMEGAs inert-doublet freeze-out to the fast-expanding-universe Boltzmann evolution (extra energy density redshifting as a^-(4+n), parameters n and T_star/T_R); the modified relic computation exists only as the paper's private numerical solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or wrap its rate output in a standalone integrator) with the modified H(T) = H_rad sqrt(1 + (T/T_star)^n rescaling) parameterized by (n, T_star), validating against the eta->0 radiation-dominated limit; micrOMEGAs 5.x hooks for user-defined H(T) make this a natural extension point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11857_real_scalar_heavy_quark_gluon_philic_eft_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-quark and gluon-philic real scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "heavy_quark_gluon_philic_effective_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11857", "score": 33, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model-specific implementation of the real-scalar heavy-quark/gluon operator basis exists: the paper used MadDM, FeynRules, and micrOMEGAs but released no FeynRules/UFO model files, so the relic-density normalization of the Wilson coefficients cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model from the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the four real-scalar heavy-quark and gluon operators (scalar and twist-2 type-2 structures for quarks and gluons) as a FeynRules model, export UFO files for MadDM/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1198 single-operator contours over 10 GeV to 2 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_01086_extended_lmu_ltau_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended L_mu-L_tau singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01086", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the coupled leptogenesis-plus-dark-matter Boltzmann system (Y_N, Y_dm, Y_{B-L}) with the dominant N N -> phi_dm phi_dm production term exists, so the relic-density window 0.004 < y_st < 0.05 cannot be reproduced or extended beyond the paper's scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis solver such as ULYSSES with the phi_dm collision term for N N -> phi_dm phi_dm (including the late-thermalization check on y_st), validated against the paper's benchmark window and the OCR-ambiguous lower dark-matter mass bound checked against the PDF.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_00184_type_iii_seesaw_freeze_in_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw freeze-in long-lived S dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00184", "score": 33.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The freeze-in relic abundance from h -> SS is only an analytic order-of-magnitude estimate (f_h ~ 1e-12); the Type III dark U(1)_D seesaw model with its scalar triplet is not implemented in any public freeze-in solver, so Omega_S h^2 as a function of (f_h, m_S, v2, T_R) cannot be computed numerically or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Build model files (FeynRules/CalcHEP) for the effective hSS coupling including the scalar-triplet mixing and run micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module to compute Omega_S h^2 with the reheat-window dependence; validate against the paper's f_h ~ 1e-12 target and the m_S = 1 keV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_14446_nonminimal_gravitational_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled gravitational scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.14446", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public mode-function/Bogoliubov code computes gravitational production of a spectator scalar with a non-minimal xi chi^2 R coupling through inflation and reheating, including the large-xi tachyonic/parametric-resonance regime that controls f(q) and the relic abundance in this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or extend a gravitational-particle-production mode solver (Bogoliubov evolution over a numerically evolved T-model inflaton background plus reheating equation of state) with the xi R term, outputting f(q), n_chi, and Omega_chi h^2 on a (m_chi, xi, H_end, T_reh) grid, validated against the paper's benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_00032_inelastic_dark_photon_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV inelastic dark photon thermal relic", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.00032", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the two-state thermal history of the pseudo-Dirac pair: the coupled number-density Boltzmann equations tracking chi_2 depletion after coannihilation freeze-out down to recombination (giving f_2, on which the CMB constraint and the primordial excited abundance hinge) exist only as the authors' private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a standalone module) with coupled chi_1/chi_2 number-density equations including coannihilation, up/downscattering on the SM bath, and chi_2 decay, outputting Omega h^2 and f_2(z) down to recombination as functions of (m_1, Delta, m_Aprime, alpha_D, epsilon).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_06341_mirror_twin_higgs_reheaton_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror Twin Higgs reheaton baryogenesis atomic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.06341", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The reheaton baryogenesis step (coupled asymmetry generation in visible and twin sectors with washout) is a paper-level analytic Boltzmann calculation with no released solver, so the mapping from (m_N1, m_phi_A, Y_phi, f/v) to visible and twin baryon asymmetries cannot be scanned or reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's coupled Boltzmann equations for reheaton decay, CP asymmetries, and two-sector washout as a small public package (e.g. an extension of a leptogenesis solver such as ULYSSES), outputting f_aDM and the twin reheating temperature over the m_h < m_N1 < m_WB window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_09239_nontopological_soliton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scalar nontopological soliton dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09239", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code computes the NTS charge, radius, and mass spectrum from the renormalizable scalar potential via solitosynthesis (fusion/accretion networks) or phase-transition trapping, so the mass function feeding every observable is unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a solitosynthesis Boltzmann-network solver (charge accretion and fusion rates onto growing Q-balls) plus a phase-transition trapping module using CosmoTransitions-derived bubble parameters, outputting the NTS mass function as a function of potential parameters and charge asymmetry.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3lmu_scotogenic_pattern_b_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_mu scotogenic pattern-B fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 32.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/SARAH files feeding micrOMEGAs, CalcHEP, and SPheno/FlavorKit) exists for the U(1) B-3L_mu scotogenic field content, so the combined relic-density (Omega h^2 in [0.117,0.123]), sigma_SI, and LFV scan cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and release a SARAH or FeynRules implementation of the model (three N_R, inert doublet eta, singlet S, heavy scalar H, flavored Z') exporting micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files for relic and direct detection and SPheno/FlavorKit routines for mu -> e gamma and related LFV observables.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_two_higgs_doublet_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with two-Higgs-doublet scalar portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the hidden-sector 2HDM-scalar-portal model; the paper's relic-density and HDecay-based branching calculations are not released, so coupling normalization via relic matching cannot be reproduced out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and release FeynRules model files for the hidden-sector annihilation operators plus 2HDM-mixed scalar mediator, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the relic-density benchmarks quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_00008_leptophilic_scalar_cosimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar Co-SIMP dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_cosimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00008", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/relic solver implements Co-SIMP number-changing collision terms (phi phi e -> phi e with a Standard Model electron in the initial state), so the 3-to-2 thermal target coupling that anchors every observable of this model cannot be computed with existing tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Co-SIMP 3-to-2 collision integral with electron participation in a dedicated freeze-out solver (or as an extension module to micrOMEGAs), including the late-thermalization initial condition, and validate against the primary paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 thermal-target benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_3563_sequestered_lvs_wino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Sequestered LARGE-volume Wino-like LSP from modulus decay", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.3563", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the coupled modulus-decay plus Wino reannihilation Boltzmann system for the sequestered LVS scenario; the card's route relies on the paper's analytic benchmark formulas and lists a 'spectrum and decay calculator or dedicated recast code' as a required but absent resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the modulus-radiation-LSP Boltzmann system (e.g. in micrOMEGAs' non-standard cosmology interface or a standalone ODE code) taking m_modulus and z_GM as inputs, using micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY Wino cross sections, and jointly outputting Omega h^2 and Delta N_eff against modern Planck constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1035_su2x_hidden_vector_monopole_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_X hidden-sector vector and monopole dark matter with Higgs portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1035", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/FeynRules implementation of the SU(2)_X vector-plus-triplet model exists, so the resonant scalar-portal relic density (Omega_V h^2) reported in the paper cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the SU(2)_X gauge sector, triplet dark Higgs, and Higgs-portal mixing in FeynRules and run micrOMEGAs, validating against the source resonance relic bands; include V V annihilation to dark photons and H_i H_j channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_01866_spin_2_portal_vector_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 portal vector freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01866", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/freeze-in integrator implements the spin-2 portal production rates (vector X final state) through a non-instantaneous reheating history, including the T_max-sensitive UV contribution and the narrow-width resonant regime near m_G ~ T; the yield calculation currently requires custom code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone integrator) with the paper's spin-dependent spin-2 production rates and a radiation-plus-inflaton reheating history parameterized by (T_RH, T_max), including a narrow-width resonant term validated against direct thermal integration near m_G ~ T.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_00909_mev_singlet_scalar_simp_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "MeV singlet-scalar SIMP dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.00909", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the assisted-SIMP coupled Boltzmann system (3-to-2 annihilation of the Z2-odd scalar with the assisting scalar plus the 2-to-2 conversion process); the paper's custom code is unreleased, so the relic-density band in (M_DM, M_s, lambda_11, lambda_12) cannot be independently reproduced or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or release a small dedicated integrator) to include thermally averaged 3-to-2 collision terms and dark-sector temperature evolution for the two-scalar system, validated by reproducing the paper's Planck-band scan (Omega h^2 = 0.1206 +/- 0.0021).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_00909_mev_singlet_scalar_simp_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "MeV singlet-scalar SIMP dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.00909", "score": 32, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scalar-assisted low-scale leptogenesis calculation (resonant asymmetry from ~10 TeV right-handed neutrinos with the assisting-scalar Yukawas) has no implementation; viability of the baryon-asymmetry sector is asserted from the paper's scan without a reusable calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's right-handed-neutrino and assisting-scalar interactions in a public leptogenesis Boltzmann package (e.g. ULYSSES), adding the scalar-assisted decay/washout channels, and verify the paper's benchmark asymmetry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_01238_stable_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Stable scalar mediator self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.01238", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the coupled chi-S Boltzmann system exists: the chi chi -> SS freeze-out with subdominant stable-S depletion via SS -> h2 h2, semi-annihilation, and a dark-sector temperature evolving separately after decoupling is not covered by stock micrOMEGAs runs and no model files are released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in the micrOMEGAs 5 hidden-sector/two-component framework (or a custom coupled solver tracking T_dark), including semi-annihilation channels, and validate against the paper's benchmark relic abundances with S subdominant.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_11857_real_vector_heavy_quark_gluon_philic_eft_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-quark and gluon-philic real vector dark matter EFT", "family": "heavy_quark_gluon_philic_effective_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11857", "score": 32, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model-specific implementation of the real-vector heavy-quark/gluon operator basis exists: the paper used MadDM, FeynRules, and micrOMEGAs but released no FeynRules/UFO model files, so the relic-density normalization of the Wilson coefficients cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model from the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the seven real-vector heavy-quark and gluon operators (scalar, pseudoscalar, axial-vector, twist-2 type-2, and gluonic structures) as a FeynRules model, export UFO files for MadDM/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1198 single-operator contours over 10 GeV to 2 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_12487_qg_broken_fermionic_fimp_domain_wall_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-gravity-broken fermionic FIMP with domain walls", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.12487", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No solver exists for this model's freeze-in production combining UV scattering through dimension-five operators (reheating-sensitive) with IR production from s and h decays, including the resulting chi momentum distribution f(q); the paper works only at yield level, so the relic contours cannot be reproduced and no phase-space output exists for structure-formation use.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the unintegrated freeze-in Boltzmann equation for this model at the distribution-function level (extending existing FIMP phase-space frameworks in the style of the Konig-Merle-Totzauer sterile-neutrino codes, or micrOMEGAs freeze-in plus a dedicated f(q) integrator), covering both the T_RH-dominated UV contribution and the s/h decay IR contribution, validated against the paper's T_RH-Lambda_FI and v_s-m_DM relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_09909_winding_string_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Winding string freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09909", "score": 31.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the winding-string freeze-in pipeline: the Kaehler-derived 2-to-2 production cross sections through the massive winding vector mediator and the freeze-in Boltzmann integral over the (m_DM, m_M, g1 g2, H_i) space exist only as the paper's private calculation, with no scan table released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's winding-mediator cross sections as a micrOMEGAs freeze-in model file or a small standalone integrator (including the irreducible graviton-exchange channel for the guardrail), and validate by reproducing the paper's H_i-versus-coupling scan at m_DM near 1e16 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_10160_conformal_freeze_in_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "conformal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.10160", "score": 31.2, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline exists for translating the Higgs-portal CFT operator (coefficient lambda_CFT, dimension d) into LHC unparticle/Higgs-invisible and CMB energy-injection limits; the paper asserts consistency for the tiny freeze-in coupling but provides no channel-by-channel machinery for enlarged couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a screening recast that maps (lambda_CFT, Lambda_CFT, d) to unparticle production and Higgs-decay rates using existing unparticle-search limits and to energy-injection constraints via ExoCLASS-style deposition, validated on the paper's benchmark consistency claim.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_01866_spin_2_portal_scalar_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 portal scalar freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01866", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/freeze-in integrator implements the spin-2 portal production rates (scalar X final state) through a non-instantaneous reheating history, including the T_max-sensitive UV contribution and the narrow-width resonant regime near m_G ~ T; the yield calculation currently requires custom code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone integrator) with the paper's spin-dependent spin-2 production rates and a radiation-plus-inflaton reheating history parameterized by (T_RH, T_max), including a narrow-width resonant term validated against direct thermal integration near m_G ~ T.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04860_asymmetric_singlet_scalar_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric singlet scalar and Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04860", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the Higgs-portal phenomenology block: resonant symmetric-component depletion through the light mixed scalar h2, the resulting sigma_SI for both GeV-scale components, and confrontation with XENON/LUX/CRESST-II and Higgs signal-strength constraints (the card lists no likelihood or code).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the two-component dark sector with the mixed scalars, run it through micrOMEGAs for the resonant annihilation rate and sigma_SI, and couple to DDCalc-style direct-detection likelihoods plus a Higgs signal-strength/invisible-width fitter (Lilith/HiggsTools) over (M_h2, theta, lambda_DM, lambda_H_phi').", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_08204_scotogenic_scalar_dm_gut_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet scalar dark matter with GUT-baryogenesis washout", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08204", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled Boltzmann network tracking lepton-number washout and asymmetry transfer between the lepton, Higgs, and Z2-odd inert-doublet sectors before the electroweak phase transition; the paper's equations are a private calculation, so the Y_B-L survival prediction cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann framework (e.g. ULYSSES) with the scotogenic y_eta-mediated washout terms and chemical-potential bookkeeping for the inert doublet, reproducing the paper's washout contours in (M_N, y_hat, lambda_5) as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_07108_kev_sterile_neutrino_double_seesaw_dm_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino double-seesaw freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.07108", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver reproduces the scalar-decay freeze-in production of the 7.1 keV sterile neutrino with entropy dilution, i.e. the nonthermal f(p) with p/T = 2.477/d^(1/3) and the Omega_DM h^2 = 0.1199 benchmark; the calculation exists only in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a scalar-decay freeze-in module (momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for in-equilibrium parent decay plus dilution factor, following the Merle-Totzauer formalism) that outputs f(p) and the relic abundance, validated against the paper's benchmark values.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_09235_nonstandard_higgsino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light higgsino dark matter in a non-standard thermal history", "family": "nonstandard_history_higgsino_wimp", "arxiv": "1907.09235", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code solves the coupled Boltzmann equations for a decaying scalar phi (with branching b to higgsinos), radiation, and the higgsino number density through early matter domination, reheating, and re-annihilation; micrOMEGAs is only used as a check in the radiation-dominated limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (which already supplies the temperature-dependent effective annihilation cross section for the MSSM higgsino sector) with a nonstandard-history module solving the phi-radiation-chi system parameterized by (m_phi, Gamma_phi, b, T_rh), validated by recovering the paper's T_rh = 1-230 GeV window for mu = 100 GeV-1 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_09235_nonstandard_higgsino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light higgsino dark matter in a non-standard thermal history", "family": "nonstandard_history_higgsino_wimp", "arxiv": "1907.09235", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline is in place for the direct-detection and disappearing-track probes: the Xenon-1T and LHC charged-track curves quoted from the literature were not digitized, and mapping (M1, M2, mu, Delta m) to track lifetime and signal reach requires a long-lived-chargino collider recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI with micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY over the gaugino-mass grid and digitize the published Xenon-1T exclusion; implement the disappearing-track recast with an existing LLP framework (e.g. SModelS long-lived results or CheckMATE) using the chargino lifetime from the charged-neutral higgsino splitting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_03559_freeze_twin_electron_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-twin electron and positron dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.03559", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the twin-QED freeze-in calculation exists: the FeynRules model files for the massive Stueckelberg twin photon with kinetic mixing and the resonant freeze-in Boltzmann integration used in the paper are not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the twin-photon/twin-electron model in FeynRules and run micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or a dedicated integrator including the on-shell twin-photon resonance) to reproduce the paper's epsilon(m_gamma_prime) relic-target curves for f/v = 4 and 10, then release the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_06661_hidden_u1_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1)' Dirac fermion dark matter with extended-seesaw neutrino masses", "family": "hidden_sector_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.06661", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs implementation of this hidden U(1)' model (Dirac DM, dark Z', dark scalar, heavy neutrinos N_4/N_5, kinetic and scalar portals) used for the paper's relic-density and cross-section numbers is not publicly released, so the freeze-out calculation near thresholds and resonances and the coupled direct-detection recast cannot be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the model Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files to micrOMEGAs for the relic density and sigma_SI, and validate against the paper's benchmarks (sigma_p^SI about 1e-46 cm^2 and Omega h^2 = 0.12 regions), then publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_12673_pseudo_dirac_higgs_portal_excited_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac Higgs-portal dark matter with excited-state decay", "family": "pseudo_dirac_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.12673", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The core prediction, an O(1e-4) shift in N_eff from post-freeze-out chi_1 -> chi_2 decays injecting energy into photons or neutrinos, has no public solver: existing precision-N_eff codes (e.g. NUDEC_BSM-style or FortEPiaNO-type neutrino-decoupling solvers) do not include collision terms for late electromagnetic/neutrino energy injection from a decaying excited DM state.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public neutrino-decoupling code (NUDEC_BSM or FortEPiaNO) with a decaying-species source term parameterized by (tau_chi1, Delta m, branching to gamma gamma vs neutrinos), validated against the paper's benchmark Delta N_eff ~ 1e-4 curves, and release it as the executable version of this route step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_08380_cp_symmetric_complex_singlet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "CP-symmetric complex-singlet WIMP with strong first-order electroweak phase transition", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.08380", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for the CP-symmetric complex-singlet potential are released, so the MicrOMEGAs pipeline (relic density, sigma_SI, annihilation spectra) cannot be run without re-implementing the model from the Lagrangian in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the CP-symmetric complex-singlet scalar potential in FeynRules 2.3, export CalcHEP files for MicrOMEGAs 5.x, validate against the three benchmark rows (Omega_DM h^2 and sigma_SI) quoted in the paper, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_14662_scotogenic_singlet_fermion_one_step_pt_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic singlet fermion dark matter with one-step first-order phase transition", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14662", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model-specific implementation of this scotogenic one-step setup exists: the finite-temperature effective potential is not released as a CosmoTransitions model and no CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model file for the N_1/inert-doublet spectrum accompanies the card, so the benchmark (T_n, alpha, beta/H) values and cross-section inputs cannot be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the one-loop daisy-resummed scotogenic finite-temperature potential as a CosmoTransitions model to reproduce the BM1/BM2 one-step nucleation temperatures, and build the scotogenic model files for CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (starting from existing public inert-doublet implementations) for the annihilation cross sections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_07359_inflaton_coupled_spectator_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-coupled spectator scalar dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.07359", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver computes spectator-scalar mode functions through inflation and reheating for the phi^2 chi^2 inflaton coupling in Starobinsky/T-model potentials, outputting the occupation numbers f_chi(q), the isocurvature spectrum P_S(k) down to the CMB pivot, and the relic abundance; all three observables depend on this upstream calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or obtain and release) a mode-by-mode integrator for the chi field on the inflaton background: evolve the Starobinsky/T-model background plus perturbative reheating, solve the mode equations with effective mass m_chi^2 + lambda_phi_chi phi^2 from horizon exit through the end of reheating, and tabulate f_chi(q), P_S(k), and Omega_chi h^2 over the (m_chi, lambda_phi_chi, T_reh) grid, validated against the paper's m_chi ~ 0.5 H_* and 0.34 meV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_02851_extended_double_seesaw_wimp_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Extended double-seesaw WIMP-FIMP dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.02851", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the coupled WIMP-FIMP Boltzmann system: S_m freeze-in from dimension-5 operators (with T_R dependence and N_m/H_1 decay contributions) coupled to W_D freeze-out in the dark U(1)_D double-seesaw model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_D extended double-seesaw model in CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs using its two-component and freeze-in modes, adding the dimension-5 operators with explicit reheating-temperature cutoff, and validate against the source benchmarks reproducing Omega_Tot h^2 = 0.12.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01336_t_channel_superwimp_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "Excited-bound-state t-channel superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01336", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code computes high-n bound-state formation, bound-to-bound electric/chromoelectric dipole transitions (n up to 1000), and the coupled mediator-yield Boltzmann network for the colored scalar t-channel mediator, so the excited-state relic depletion and its mediator-lifetime dependence cannot be reproduced or scanned outside the private implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the excited-bound-state rate calculation and network solver as a public package (e.g. extending DRAKE-style yield equations with the paper's Coulombic BSF/transition rate tables), validated against the paper's order-of-magnitude relic reduction and n_max convergence tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_10263_light_rh_neutrino_lepto_axiogenesis_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light-right-handed-neutrino lepto-axiogenesis axion dark matter (freeze-in)", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.10263", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann/rate-equation solver computes the freeze-in B-L yield from a rotating PQ field transferred through light (sub-weak-scale) right-handed neutrinos with tiny Yukawa couplings; the branch-specific transport equations coupling the PQ charge chemical potential, RHN production, and sphaleron processing exist only as the authors' in-house calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the lepto-axiogenesis transport network (PQ-rotation source term, RHN/sneutrino production rates for m_N below the weak scale, spectator chemical-potential relations, and sphaleron freeze-out) as an extension of an existing leptogenesis rate-equation framework such as ULYSSES, validated against the primary's Y_B contours and the Y_B^obs = 8.7e-11 target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_17488_confining_dark_baryon_inverse_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Confining dark-baryon inverse-seesaw dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_baryon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.17488", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical Boltzmann implementation exists for the coupled dark-baryon freeze-out with dark-meson inverse-decay thermalization through heavy sterile neutrinos; the relic density and thermal-contact exclusion regions rely on analytic conditions valid only near the showcased benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled B/M/N Boltzmann system (annihilation, M <-> N N inverse decays, N decays to SM) in a standalone solver or as a micrOMEGAs/DRAKE-style hidden-sector module scanning Lambda_D, M_D, and the Yukawa couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_00654_feeble_b_l_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly gauged B-L freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.00654", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the coupled number-density Boltzmann system for N, Z', and phi with freeze-in via phi -> N N, inverse decay Z' Z' -> phi, photon-bath single-Z' production, and the forbidden-regime Z' Z' -> N N channel, so the relic-density contour in (g_B-L, m_N, m_phi, m_Z') cannot be independently rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or a standalone stiff ODE solver) with the paper's tree-level rates, including the f gamma -> f Z' bath-production channel, and validate against the source g_B-L ~ 1e-13 to 1e-10 (scalar regime) and 1e-7 to 1e-6 (forbidden regime) ranges.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_03963_qcd_like_dark_pion_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-like dark-pion forbidden dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_pion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03963", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Sommerfeld-corrected calculation exists for the coupled SU(2)_W triplet and quintuplet dark-pion system at 1-100 TeV; the tree-level micrOMEGAs relic bands and the wino-analogy annihilation rates can shift by order one, and the paper explicitly postpones this treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing electroweak-multiplet Sommerfeld/bound-state frameworks (wino/minimal-DM potential codes) to the coupled triplet-quintuplet pion channels including forbidden mass splittings, and interface the resulting effective cross sections with the micrOMEGAs freeze-out and present-day annihilation calculations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_03963_qcd_like_dark_pion_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-like dark-pion forbidden dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_pion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03963", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs implementation of the dark-pion chiral Lagrangian (including WZW-mediated quintuplet decays and forbidden channels) used by the paper is not publicly released, so the relic scan cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's chiral Lagrangian and WZW terms as a public FeynRules model file, validate against the published f_d-m relic bands, and release with the micrOMEGAs interface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_2162_bino_wino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-wino co-annihilation dark matter in high-scale SUSY", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.2162", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The thermal bino-wino coannihilation relic calculation requires a Sommerfeld-corrected coannihilation treatment for the nearly degenerate electroweakino spectrum that standard public relic codes do not provide out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY with Sommerfeld-enhanced wino (co)annihilation cross sections for the bino-wino spectrum with Delta m up to 30 GeV, and validate the relic contour against the paper's mass-splitting result.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_06179_light_fermionic_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Light fermionic dark sector with dark photon and dark Higgs", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06179", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation covers this model's full annihilation structure: the pseudo-Dirac coannihilation, pure-Majorana, and secluded chi_1 chi_1 -> S S regimes with a light dark Higgs in the spectrum have not been encoded in a hidden-sector freeze-out solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a micrOMEGAs model file (via FeynRules/CalcHEP) for the U(1)_D sector with chi_1, chi_2, V, and S, including chi_1-chi_2 coannihilation and the secluded S S channel, and reproduce the paper's scan points that meet the relic target at 2 sigma.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_04613_t1_2a_scotogenic_wimp_v1", "model_name": "T1-2A scotogenic WIMP dark matter model", "family": "scotogenic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04613", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The T1-2A SARAH model files (and the SPheno/CalcHEP modules generated from them) are not confirmed publicly released; only ancillary SLHA spectra and tool versions are recorded, so the one-loop spectrum step cannot be run without re-implementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the T1-2A Lagrangian in SARAH 4.x (or obtain and archive the authors' model files), regenerate SPheno 4.0.4 and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs modules, and validate against the published ancillary SLHA benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_13643_multipole_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multipole vector dark matter below the GeV scale", "family": "electromagnetic_multipole_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.13643", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the complex-vector electromagnetic multipole EFT (dimension-five dipoles, dimension-six quadrupole/anapole/toroidal/charge-radius operators) exists in any relic-abundance code, so neither the freeze-out lines nor the UV-dominated, T_RH-sensitive freeze-in lines can be reproduced outside the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the multipole-vector Lagrangian in FeynRules and export to micrOMEGAs or MadDM for freeze-out, and add a light-weight freeze-in Boltzmann module with UV-dominated production integrated from T_RH (benchmarks 0.1-1 GeV), validating against the paper's operator-by-operator relic lines.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_4458_hidden_sector_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector thermal relic dark matter parameterization", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.4458", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann freeze-out solver spans the relativistic, semirelativistic, and nonrelativistic hidden-sector freeze-out regimes with a hidden-to-visible temperature ratio xi as a free parameter; the paper's custom solver is not released, so the (m_chi, <sigma v>, xi) -> relic-density map cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public relic code (e.g. micrOMEGAs or DRAKE-style momentum-dependent solvers) or write a lightweight standalone integrator of the hidden-sector yield equation with separate hidden and visible temperatures, validated against the paper's m_chi ~ 1.5 keV floor and xi-dependence.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1303_6267_long_lived_majorana_decay_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Warm dark matter from long-lived Majorana fermion decays", "family": "decay_produced_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1303.6267", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implementation of the two-Majorana simplified model (suppressed epsilon_i^2 diagonal and epsilon_1 epsilon_2 transition Z couplings) exists in a relic-abundance code, so the chi_2 freeze-out abundance that seeds the entire decay chain cannot be computed numerically across (M2, epsilon_2).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the chi_1/chi_2 Lagrangian with suppressed Z couplings in FeynRules/CalcHEP for micrOMEGAs and validate the frozen-out chi_2 abundance against the primary paper's relic-abundance line before propagating it to the daughter.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4821_inert_doublet_u1_string_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet dark matter with U(1)' cosmic-string production", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4821", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists that combines IDM thermal freeze-out with the cosmic-string energy-injection source term (parameters q0, p), which is the model-defining calculation for the mixed thermal-plus-string relic abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (which already has the IDM) or write a lightweight ODE solver that adds the q0*t^-p defect source term to the H0 number-density Boltzmann equation, validated by reproducing the q0 exclusion curves in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09855_cmssm_stop_coannihilation_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM stop-coannihilation neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09855", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic-density calculation including Goldstone-mode stop annihilation, Sommerfeld enhancement, and stop-antistop bound-state formation exists only in the private SSARD code; no public relic code reproduces the stop-coannihilation strip with these effects included.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or DarkSUSY) with the Sommerfeld factors and stop-antistop bound-state formation/dissociation rates for colored coannihilation partners, validate against the published SSARD strips versus m_1/2, and drive it with a public spectrum generator (SoftSUSY or SPheno) at the CMSSM boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_10606_littlest_seesaw_right_handed_neutrino_portal_fimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Littlest Seesaw right-handed-neutrino portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10606", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation solves the coupled Boltzmann equations for chi and phi freeze-in through the right-handed-neutrino portal (N_R decays plus dark-sector scatterings) with the Littlest Seesaw Yukawas fixed, ultra-heavy M_R near 10^10-10^11 GeV, and UV/reheating sensitivity tracked; the card lists the coupled freeze-in solver as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model (N_R, chi, phi with L_portal = y_DS N_R chi phi) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and extend the micrOMEGAs 5 freeze-in module — or write a dedicated coupled-yield solver — including RHN decay and 2-to-2 production channels, both mass orderings, and an explicit reheating-temperature dependence, validated against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1188 and y_DS < 1e-4 viable band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_00612_u1_bl_inert_doublet_two_component_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-L inert-doublet two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.00612", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public LanHEP/CalcHEP or FeynRules model files exist for the U(1)_B-L plus inert-doublet two-component model, so the micrOMEGAs conversion-relic and direct-detection pipeline cannot be run without reimplementing the Lagrangian and discrete-charge assignments from scratch.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the model in LanHEP or FeynRules (fields N1-N3, S, eta2, Z_BL with the Z2 x Z2' charges), export to micrOMEGAs, validate against the paper's lambda_7 ~ 1, v_BL ~ 10 TeV conversion benchmarks, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_00612_u1_bl_inert_doublet_two_component_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-L inert-doublet two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.00612", "score": 30.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model-specific one-loop RGE code exists for the extended scalar/gauge/Yukawa sector, so the vacuum-stability and perturbativity cutoff (10^9 GeV thermal-conversion versus Planck-scale freeze-in comparison) cannot be recomputed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the one-loop (optionally two-loop) RGEs for this field content with PyR@TE or SARAH, wrap them in a scan script that reports the first stability or perturbativity failure scale, and validate against the paper's quoted 10^9 GeV and Planck-scale benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_05740_decay_induced_freeze_in_baryogenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decay-induced freeze-in baryogenesis scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05740", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs 5 model implementation used to cross-check the freeze-in yield is not publicly released, so the relic-density route cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild and publish the FeynRules model (singlet scalar S, Z2-odd vectorlike leptons F_i, feeble lambda_{alpha i} couplings) with CalcHEP output and a micrOMEGAs 5 freeze-in run card reproducing the paper's benchmark yield.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_06968_two_dark_vector_dsmeft_dleft_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-dark-vector DSMEFT/DLEFT dark matter", "family": "vector_dark_matter_effective_field_theory", "arxiv": "2202.06968", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the two-dark-vector dimension-six triple-field-strength operators: the freeze-in collision integrals over photon/Z/hypercharge channels were computed privately, and there is no FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP model file that would let standard relic codes evaluate Y_X1, Y_X2, and Omega h^2 across (m1, m2, Lambda, T_RH).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the C_BX2 and C_tilde_BX2 operators in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and run the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or MadDM) to reproduce the paper's benchmark relic curves, releasing the model files publicly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_13425_cp_in_the_dark_scalar_dm_sfoewpt_v1", "model_name": "CP in the Dark scalar dark matter with SFOEWPT", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.13425", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public MicrOMEGAs/ScannerS model implementation (CalcHEP model files and scan configuration) for the CP-in-the-Dark N2HDM-like scalar sector is released, so the relic-density and rescaled direct-detection scan cannot be reproduced even though the generic tools are public.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the CP-in-the-Dark scalar potential in ScannerS and generate CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model files (or obtain the authors' implementation), then validate against the paper's relic-density and XENON1T-rescaled benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_10811_a4_discrete_dark_matter_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "A4 discrete dark matter scalar WIMP model", "family": "discrete_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.10811", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical model implementation of the A4 dark scalar sector exists for standard WIMP calculators: relic density with co-annihilation among the compressed xi^D states, t-channel gauge-boson annihilation, and Higgs-portal sigma_SI are all currently only qualitative statements in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y x A4 Lagrangian in FeynRules/SARAH, export CalcHEP model files to micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 (with co-annihilation) and sigma_SI, and confront sigma_SI with current LZ/XENONnT limits via DDCalc to reproduce the paper's benchmark compatibility claim.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_09719_composite_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite neutrino-portal dark matter from a light hidden sector", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.09719", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the composite neutrino-portal effective Lagrangian (chi, composite singlet neutrinos N, mixing U_N, effective coupling y_eff) exists for micrOMEGAs, so the paper's relic-density bands and the derived direct/indirect rates cannot be reproduced from released files.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the low-energy effective Lagrangian in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run it through micrOMEGAs 5.x, validating against the paper's relic-density bands and benchmark exclusion contours over (m_chi, m_N, U_N, y_eff).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_12668_cosmic_ray_boosted_puffy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-ray-boosted puffy dark matter with a light mediator", "family": "puffy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.12668", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Earth-attenuation and flux computation for puffy CRDM exists only as a private modification of DarkSUSY 6.2.2 adding the dipole finite-size form factor F_DM(q^2)=1/(1+r_DM^2 q^2)^2 and light scalar/vector mediator propagators to the energy-loss integration; no public code covers this momentum dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Upstream the momentum-dependent cross section (light-mediator propagator times dipole/tophat/Gaussian DM form factors) into DarkSUSY's public CRDM attenuation module so the underground flux can be computed for arbitrary (m_chi, m_phi, r_DM), validating against the source's band-shaped exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13529_so10_mixed_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) mixed singlet-inert-doublet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13529", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the SO(10) mixed singlet-inert-doublet scalar sector exists for micrOMEGAs; the paper used micrOMEGAs 4.3.2 but its model files were not released, so relic-density and cross-section scans cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the low-energy scalar potential (singlet S plus inert doublet eta with the stated mixing and quartic couplings) in SARAH or FeynRules, export to CalcHEP model files, and validate against the paper's benchmark relic values in micrOMEGAs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS Higgs-resonance scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the AKS Lagrangian (CP-violating 2HDM plus charged scalars S+- and Majorana N_R with exact-Z2 real scalar DM) exists for micrOMEGAs or MadDM, so the Higgs-resonance freeze-out at m_eta near 63 GeV cannot be recomputed or scanned with proper near-pole thermal averaging.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the CP-violating AKS model in SARAH or FeynRules including the CP-mixed neutral Higgs spectrum, export CalcHEP files to micrOMEGAs, and validate against the stated benchmark (m_eta = 63 GeV, lambda_2 = 1.1e-3 giving Omega h^2 = 0.12).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_17144_majorana_lepton_number_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana dark matter from gauged lepton-number anomaly cancellation", "family": "lepton_number_gauge_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.17144", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical model implementation of the gauged U(1)_L theory exists for relic-density and direct-detection evaluation: the full freeze-out across resonance/nonresonance regions with the many annihilation channels (Z_L, H_1/H_2, right-handed neutrinos, Majoron final states) and the scalar-mixing-suppressed sigma_SI are only available as paper-level analytic envelopes, with no model file for a public relic calculator (associated_code unknown, route status planned).", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules implementation of the U(1)_L model exporting CalcHEP/UFO files, run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) for Omega_chi h^2 and sigma_SI over (M_chi, M_ZL, g_L, scalar masses, mixing), and compare against the Planck abundance and current LZ limits to reproduce and refine the quoted 30/50 TeV envelopes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_02357_singlet_quintuplet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Well-tempered singlet-quintuplet fermion WIMP", "family": "coannihilating_wimp", "arxiv": "1804.02357", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP files) exists for the Majorana singlet plus SU(2)_L quintuplet with dimension-5 mixing and dimension-7/8 operators, so neither relic-density codes nor event generators can be run on this model out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the singlet-quintuplet EFT in FeynRules including the higher-dimensional mixing and Z-coupling operators, export UFO files for MadGraph/MadDM and CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs, and validate the coannihilation relic strip against the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_02357_singlet_triplet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Well-tempered singlet-triplet fermion WIMP", "family": "coannihilating_wimp", "arxiv": "1804.02357", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP files) exists for the Majorana singlet plus SU(2)_L triplet with dimension-5 mixing and dimension-6 Z-coupling operators, blocking automated relic-density and collider event generation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the singlet-triplet EFT in FeynRules with the higher-dimensional operators, export UFO files for MadGraph/MadDM and CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs, and validate the coannihilation relic strip against the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_0864_down_scattering_excited_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Down-scattering excited Dark Matter", "family": "excited_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.0864", "score": 29.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented solver exists for the model's nonstandard relic calculation: thermal X1 freeze-out followed by late (tau ~ 100 s) decay repopulating chi with possible residual chi annihilation, which standard freeze-out codes such as micrOMEGAs do not evolve.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the source paper's coupled X1/chi Boltzmann system in a small dedicated solver (or as a micrOMEGAs extension with an injected decay source term), validated by reproducing the paper benchmark m_X1 ~ 3.8 TeV giving Omega h^2 = 0.11.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_08087_long_lived_mediator_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived mixed scalar-pseudoscalar mediator model with Dirac dark matter", "family": "long_lived_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.08087", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solar-capture calculation exists for this model's mixed scalar-pseudoscalar mediator with Yukawa-proportional quark couplings; the compute_capture step has null tool_or_code and existing capture codes assume contact-like SI scattering rather than a 10-100 MeV mediator.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend Capt'n General or the DarkSUSY capture routines with the model's g_q y_q cos-alpha scalar cross section including the light-mediator propagator momentum dependence, validated against the paper's benchmark capture rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_03295_leptonic_fermion_dm_dilepton_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic fermion dark matter with scalar dilepton mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03295", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No computational representation or model implementation exists for this model (computational_representation null, no associated code): there is no FeynRules/micrOMEGAs-style model file to compute the relic abundance, Sommerfeld-enhanced late-time annihilation to the light mediator, and mediator decay width beyond the paper's single benchmark point.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the Lagrangian (f_L, f_R Yukawas, scalar dilepton, right-handed neutrinos) in FeynRules and export to micrOMEGAs/MadDM to scan relic density and annihilation over (m_chi, m_zeta, f_L, f_R), adding the standard Sommerfeld enhancement factor for the light-mediator regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_03295_leptonic_scalar_dm_dilepton_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic scalar dark matter with scalar dilepton mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03295", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No computational representation or model implementation exists (computational_representation null, no associated code): there is no FeynRules/micrOMEGAs-style model file to scan relic density from the lambda_12/mu_12 scalar interactions, the Higgs-portal direct-detection rate from lambda_01, and the mediator lifetime beyond the paper's benchmark points.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the scalar potential (chi, zeta with lepton numbers 1 and 2, Higgs-portal quartics, zeta-nu_R Yukawas) in FeynRules and export to micrOMEGAs/MadDM to compute relic abundance, sigma_SI through lambda_01, and the mediator width over (m_chi, m_zeta, lambda_12, mu_12, lambda_01, f_ij), validating against the m_chi = 150 GeV, sigma_el/m = 1 cm^2/g paper example.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_11122_nonstandard_singlet_scalar_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet scalar Higgs-portal dark matter with non-standard expansion", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.11122", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-abundance code is wired to solve the singlet-scalar number density (covering both freeze-out and freeze-in and the thermalization threshold between them) on top of the paper's non-standard pre-BBN expansion parameterized by (w, F, T_end); existing solvers assume radiation domination or need per-model modification.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or DRAKE) for the Z2 scalar singlet with a user-supplied H(T) and entropy-injection history: integrate the rho_phi/rho_R background for given (w, F, T_end), pass it into the abundance solver, implement the freeze-in branch and thermalization check, and validate against the paper's radiation-dominated lambda_HS(M_S) curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_06642_scalar_clockwork_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar Clockwork FIMP Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06642", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules model files and micrOMEGAs5.0 freeze-in implementation for the scalar Clockwork chain (gear-decay-dominated a0 production) are author code of unknown public availability, so the relic yield cannot be independently recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or rebuild the FeynRules model for the N+1-site scalar Clockwork with Nth-site Higgs portal, export to CalcHEP, and run the micrOMEGAs 5 freeze-in module to reproduce the published relic bands; publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_05298_inverse_seesaw_sterile_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter with dynamical lepton-number breaking", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.05298", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the freeze-in Boltzmann calculation for nu_4 production from thermalized pseudo-Dirac neutrino decays into the phi_1/phi_2/A/J scalar sector; the relic abundance currently rests on the paper's private semi-analytic solve.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the inverse-seesaw plus two-singlet-scalar Lagrangian and run it through micrOMEGAs' freeze-in machinery (or a dedicated decay-production Boltzmann script), validating against the paper's Omega h^2 ~ 0.12 benchmark scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_04030_vector_scotogenic_hnl_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector Scotogenic HNL dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04030", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files or UFO) of the Vector Scotogenic Model with its massive SU(2)_L vector doublet and nonminimal gauge couplings (lambda_1, kappa) is identified, so independent micrOMEGAs relic scans and MadGraph collider event generation cannot be run; the paper's own micrOMEGAs setup is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z2-odd HNL plus vector-doublet Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs (validating relic-density trends against the paper's scans at M_V+ = 200 and 800 GeV) and a UFO for MadGraph, taking care with the nonminimal vector-gauge interactions and perturbative-unitarity limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS heavy scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the AKS Lagrangian (CP-violating 2HDM plus charged scalars S+- and Majorana N_R with exact-Z2 real scalar DM) exists for micrOMEGAs or MadDM, so the heavy-scenario freeze-out through additional-Higgs final states cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the CP-violating AKS model in SARAH or FeynRules including the CP-mixed neutral Higgs spectrum, export CalcHEP files to micrOMEGAs, and validate against the stated benchmark (m_eta = 250 GeV, lambda_1 = 0.0841 giving Omega h^2 = 0.12).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_1789_enmssm_singlino_singlet_light_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "ENMSSM singlino-singlet light neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_light_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.1789", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum generator implements the ENMSSM (NMSSM extended by the paper's additional dimensionful superpotential/soft terms): the original scan used a private modification of NMHDECAY linked to micrOMEGAs, so the singlino-singlet points cannot be reproduced or rescanned with public tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ENMSSM superpotential and soft terms in SARAH to auto-generate a SPheno spectrum module and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, validating against the paper's quoted benchmark points (Omega h^2 ~ 0.113, sigma_SI targets for 4-10 GeV neutralinos).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_3539_nonminimal_scalar_r2_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Nonminimally coupled scalar dark matter from R^2 inflation", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.3539", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable code integrates scalaron-decay production of the nonminimally coupled scalar through R^2 reheating to a relic abundance; the yield step exists only as the paper's semi-analytic estimate, so Omega_phi h^2 (m_phi, xi, mu, T_rh) cannot be scanned reproducibly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a small semi-analytic reheating module (Friedmann plus scalaron and scalar number-density Boltzmann equations with the coupling-dependent decay width) and validate it by reproducing the paper's 1.1 MeV viability threshold and the conformal suppression near xi = 1/6.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1205_6480_goldilocks_gmsb_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Goldilocks cosmology gravitino dark matter in minimal GMSB", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.6480", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route is a single unimplemented 'compute' step: no assembled pipeline links mGMSB inputs (Lambda, tan beta, m_chi, m_G, T_R) through spectrum generation, neutralino freeze-out, and the analytic superWIMP post-processing (Omega_G h^2, tau_chi, lambda_FS, d_e, m_h), so none of the paper's allowed-region contours can currently be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire together SOFTSUSY (or SPheno) for the mGMSB spectrum and Higgs mass, micrOMEGAs for the neutralino freeze-out abundance, and a short post-processing module implementing the superWIMP rescaling, the neutralino-to-gravitino lifetime, the free-streaming integral, and one-loop EDM formulas; validate against the paper's quoted allowed/excluded regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_08778_cmssm_ld_vectorlike_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM LD 5+5 vector-like extension with neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08778", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the LD 5+5 vector-like CMSSM extension: the SARAH model files and the SPheno/CalcHEP-to-micrOMEGAs export used in the source scan are not released, so the spectrum step at the head of the only route cannot currently be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the SARAH model files from the published MSSM+LD superpotential (lambda_D, lambda_L, M_D, M_L and mixing terms), generate SPheno and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs outputs, and validate against the paper's benchmark spectra and coannihilation/A-funnel relic regions before publishing the model package.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_08778_cmssm_que_vectorlike_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM QUE 10+10 vector-like extension with neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08778", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (SARAH model files, SPheno spectrum generator, CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model code) exists for the CMSSM QUE 10+10 vector-like extension, so the spectrum, relic density, SI cross section, flavor/Higgs observables, and muon g-2 cannot be recomputed from the card alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the QUE model in SARAH from the paper's superpotential (lambda_Qu, lambda_Qd, lambda_U, lambda_E, Y_10 terms and vector-like masses), regenerate SPheno and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model code, and validate against the paper's benchmark coannihilation and A-funnel points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00320_vector_dark_matter_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Strongly self-interacting vector dark matter via freeze-in", "family": "self_interacting_freeze_in_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.00320", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LanHEP/CalcHEP implementation of the U(1)_X vector freeze-in model (including symmetric- and broken-phase production channels and h_1 -> XX decay) described in the paper is not publicly available, so the relic yield Y_X and the dark Higgs abundance/lifetime cannot be recomputed without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the model in LanHEP or FeynRules and run the freeze-in calculation in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in mode (or a bespoke Boltzmann integrator with both electroweak phases), validating against the paper's Omega_X h^2 = 0.11 contours, then publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1902_08623_light_vector_plasmon_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light-vector freeze-in dark matter with plasmon decay", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1902.08623", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public finite-temperature freeze-in integrator includes in-medium plasmon decay for light-vector/millicharged dark matter; existing freeze-in tools (micrOMEGAs) omit the plasma-mass channel that dominates sub-MeV production and do not output the momentum-resolved nonthermal f(p).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or write a standalone integrator) with Braaten-Segel in-medium photon self-energies, resonant plasmon decay to chi pairs, and unintegrated collision terms so both the yield and the tabulated phase-space distribution f(p) are produced; validate against the paper's result that plasmon decay dominates sub-MeV production.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_10388_p_wave_breit_wigner_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "p-wave Breit-Wigner enhanced dark matter annihilation", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.10388", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code implements p-wave Breit-Wigner resonant annihilation with explicit kinetic-decoupling treatment: near-threshold resonant enhancement keeps annihilation active after chemical freeze-out, so the yield depends on x_kd and on the DM temperature evolution, which standard micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY defaults (kinetic equilibrium assumed) do not capture for this narrow-resonance regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the p-wave Breit-Wigner cross section sigma_v(delta, gamma, v) in DRAKE (which solves the coupled number-density and temperature Boltzmann equations beyond kinetic equilibrium) or in micrOMEGAs with a user-supplied T_chi evolution, and validate against the paper's b-normalization and Omega h^2 benchmarks for x_kd = 50, 5e2, 5e3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_15391_two_pseudoscalar_mediated_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-pseudoscalar-mediated simplified dark matter model", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediated_wimp", "arxiv": "2110.15391", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public UFO/FeynRules (and matching micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP) implementation of the two-mixed-pseudoscalar model, including the NLOCT/MoGRe loop-induced P_i F Fdual and P_i G Gdual couplings and Higgs-pseudoscalar trilinears, is identified, so the relic and collider chains cannot be independently rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the mass-basis Lagrangian in FeynRules, generate loop-induced couplings with NLOCT/MoGRe, export UFO and CalcHEP model files, validate against the paper's benchmark relic-density and cross-section values, and publish the model files in a public repository.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_13381_spin2_inflationary_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 dark matter from inflation", "family": "spin_2_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.13381", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves massive spin-2 spectator modes (scalar, vector, and tensor helicities with independent time-dependent sound speeds c_I) through inflation and a general non-instantaneous reheating history; the analytic mode solutions cover only limiting benchmark cases, so relic abundance and the relativistic BBN tail cannot be scanned over general EFT coefficients, T_reh, and N_e.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a mode-by-mode numerical solver for the unitary-gauge spin-2 EFT action (per-helicity equations of motion with time-dependent coefficients), integrating from sub-horizon vacuum through inflation end and a parameterized reheating equation of state, outputting rho_sigma(k) and C_e(c_I, N_e) for arbitrary parameter points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_12906_pseudo_dirac_lepton_doublet_late_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac SU(2)_L lepton-doublet dark matter with late scalar decay", "family": "electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.12906", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density tool solves this model's hybrid abundance: doublet freeze-out (under-abundant), independent Higgs-portal freeze-out of the singlet scalar S, and late S decay through the tiny Yukawa y_s repopulating the neutral pseudo-Dirac state after chi freeze-out; the paper's coupled Boltzmann solve is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a lightweight two-species solver on top of its rate calculations) with a coupled yield system Y_chi, Y_S including S decay width Gamma_S(y_s), validating against the paper's y_s=1e-10 benchmark and the 450-1200 GeV viable window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_13492_singlet_majoron_primordial_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Singlet majoron with primordial freeze-out abundance in a low-scale seesaw", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.13492", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation evolves the singlet majoron's combined primordial relativistic freeze-out abundance and nu-nu -> J freeze-in coalescence through decay to neutrinos after neutrino decoupling; the paper treats the two contributions separately as a conservative visualization, and NUDEC_BSM does not ship a module coupling both production channels with the J -> nu nu decay for a precision Delta N_eff in the m_J-f plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend NUDEC_BSM with a majoron species carrying an initial freeze-out yield Y_J(T_fo), the m_nu/f-scaled nu-nu -> J coalescence collision term, and inverse-decay/decay terms into the neutrino sector, then validate against the paper's quoted T_fo bounds (>64 MeV BBN, >104 MeV Planck) and the CMB-S4 closure forecast of the f window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1465_rh_sneutrino_inverse_linear_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter in MSSM inverse/linear seesaw extensions", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1465", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The SARAH model file for the inverse/linear seesaw MSSM with RH sneutrino LSP built by the paper is not publicly released, so the entire SARAH -> SPheno -> micrOMEGAs chain cannot be run until the implementation is recreated and validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the inverse/linear seesaw superpotential (Y_nu L H_u N^, M_R N^ S, mu_S S S or Y_SL S L H_u) and soft terms as a SARAH model file, validate against the paper's Higgs-pole and quartic-Higgs relic features, and contribute it to the public SARAH model database.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_vector_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal vector millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic-fraction step has no implementation: the vector millicharged DM plus near-resonant invisible dark photon model is not available as a micrOMEGAs/MadDM model file, and the resonant p-wave thermal average (xi = m_Aprime/2m_V slightly above 1) is exactly the regime where default freeze-out treatments lose accuracy.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the V, A' model (kinetic mixing epsilon, dark charge e_D) in micrOMEGAs or MadDM via FeynRules/CalcHEP model files and validate the resonance-region thermal averaging against direct numerical integration of the Boltzmann equation, reproducing the paper's f_DM windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_12916_littlest_seesaw_rhn_portal_fimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Littlest Seesaw right-handed-neutrino-portal FIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.12916", "score": 27.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled freeze-in Boltzmann equations for this RHN-portal dark sector (neutrino-Yukawa scatterings, dark-sector scatterings, and dark-scalar decays with fixed Littlest Seesaw inputs); the paper's custom ODE integrator was not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's published reaction densities and coupled yield equations in an open ODE workflow, or encode the model in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module with the Littlest Seesaw Yukawa benchmark, validating against the m_chi~1e10 GeV, T_RH=6.5e15 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_2981_no_scale_f_su5_bino_golden_strip_v1", "model_name": "No-Scale F-SU(5) golden-strip Bino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.2981", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum generator implements the No-Scale F-SU(5) construction: M0=A=B_mu=0 boundary conditions imposed at the secondary unification scale M_F with flipped SU(5)xU(1)_X running modified by TeV-scale vector-like flippon multiplets; the paper relied on a customized private codebase.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the F-SU(5) model with vector-like multiplets in SARAH/SPheno (or patch SuSpect/SoftSUSY) with two-loop RGEs and the No-Scale boundary conditions at M_F, validating against the published golden-strip spectra, then chain the output SLHA files into micrOMEGAs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_1205_pseudo_familon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-familon dark matter", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.1205", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic density exists only as a single analytic benchmark that neglects scalar mixing (computational_representation is null and no model code is released), so the viable (m_phi, m_S, m_2, lambda) region cannot be mapped and the quoted Omega_D h^2 about 0.1 carries uncontrolled precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the pseudo-familon plus singlet-scalar potential (including S-h mixing) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and scan the relic density with micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's x_f = 28 benchmark and updating the target to the Planck abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_0288_inert_doublet_multi_higgs_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet multi-Higgs-inflation dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.0288", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline connects the multi-field Higgs-inflation sector (nonminimal couplings xi_1, xi_2, stability/perturbativity at the unitarity scale, pseudo-scalar direction effects on n_s, r, and non-Gaussianity) to the low-energy inert-doublet quartics; micrOMEGAs handles only the low-energy freeze-out side of the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-doublet nonminimal-coupling potential in a multi-field inflation solver (e.g. PyTransport or MultiModeCode) to predict n_s, r, and f_NL, and couple it to two-loop RG running of the quartics (e.g. via SARAH-generated RGEs) down to the electroweak scale so inflationary stability regions map onto the micrOMEGAs input parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_vector_z_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric vector-mediator SIDM with Z-boson mass mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation (e.g. FeynRules/micrOMEGAs or equivalent) exists that computes the relic abundance from freeze-out into light mediators, the mediator lifetime for the BBN floor, and the momentum-dependent direct-detection recoil spectrum with Z-mass-mixing (neutron/weak-current) couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian (g_X vector coupling plus eta_Z Z-phi mass mixing) in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs for the relic density and mediator width, and extend a recoil-rate code such as DDCalc with the light-mediator q-dependent propagator and Z-mixing nucleon couplings to recast current xenon/argon limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_02666_nonthermal_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal two-component singlet-scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.02666", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation exists for the coupled two-component Boltzmann system with zero initial densities, Higgs-decay production, and SM-annihilation freeze-in that sets the phi_2 and phi_3 abundances; the paper's private numerical solution is not available.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet scalar potential in FeynRules/CalcHEP and use micrOMEGAs' freeze-in and multi-component machinery (or a bespoke coupled-ODE solver) to evolve Y_phi2 and Y_phi3, validating against the paper's benchmark couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09855_subgut_stop_coannihilation_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GUT stop-coannihilation neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09855", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code reproduces the sub-GUT stop-coannihilation relic density with Goldstone, Sommerfeld, and stop bound-state effects at multi-TeV LSP masses; the calculation exists only in the private SSARD code with sub-GUT (M_in) boundary conditions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement sub-GUT universality boundary conditions (input scale M_in below M_GUT) in a public spectrum generator such as SoftSUSY or SPheno, extend micrOMEGAs with stop-antistop Sommerfeld and bound-state rates, and validate against the published M_in = 1e9 GeV, A_0 = 2.75 m_0 benchmark reaching m_chi about 8 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_08150_5d_dirac_dark_photon_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Five-dimensional Dirac dark photon fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08150", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for Dirac dark matter annihilating through a full dark-photon KK tower with near-resonance destructive interference; generic single-mediator dark-photon model files miss the mechanism that separates the freeze-out and late-time cross sections.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) model file via FeynRules containing the first N dark-photon KK modes with analytically computed masses and wavefunction-overlap couplings as functions of (R^-1, g_D, epsilon, boundary conditions), with careful resonance treatment in the thermal averaging, and validate against the source benchmark relic densities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03762_cp_even_sneutrino_nmssm_type_i_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "CP-even sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM with Type-I seesaw", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03762", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public SARAH model files or standalone repository exist for the Type-I seesaw NMSSM with a CP-even sneutrino LSP, so the spectrum-to-observable pipeline must be rebuilt from the superpotential before any step can be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the NMSSM plus Type-I seesaw model in SARAH from the superpotential and soft terms given in the paper, generate SPheno and micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's benchmark near-degenerate Higgsino-sneutrino relic points; publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_07920_bl_2hdm_right_handed_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L two-Higgs-doublet thermal right-handed neutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.07920", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs (or equivalent) model implementation exists for the B-L 2HDM with Z2-odd right-handed neutrino N_1, so the freeze-out relic density with Z-prime resonance and scalar/gauge channels cannot be reproduced; the paper's private implementation was not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and release the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP format and load it into micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's D=550 and D=2750 benchmark relic densities before and after dilution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11218_higgs_reheating_vector_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-induced reheating vector freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.11218", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann integrator evolves the Higgs-induced reheating background (inflaton, SM radiation, inflaton-dependent Higgs mass) together with vector freeze-in production from gravitational, dimension-5 inflaton-decay, and dimension-6 Higgs-portal channels; the paper's calculation exists only as private custom code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled rho_phi, rho_R, and n_X evolution equations of the paper in a public reheating/freeze-in framework (e.g. extend a FeynCalc/ulysses-style ODE pipeline or add a reheating-era module to micrOMEGAs freeze-in), parameterized by (n, sigma, m_X, operator coefficients), and validate against the paper's massive-vs-massless reheating benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_08662_extended_ksvz_axion_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended KSVZ axion model with scalar S1 dark matter and an up-type vector-like quark", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08662", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model-specific implementation (FeynRules model, CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs files, collider UFO) for the extended KSVZ scalar S1 plus up-type VLQ setup is not publicly released, so the relic-density scan, direct-detection cross sections, and collider signal generation cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Lagrangian (VLQ Yukawa f_i S psi_L u_iR, Higgs portal lambda_SH, residual Z2) in FeynRules and export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs v5 and a UFO for MadGraph, validating against the paper's benchmark relic and K-factor values.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0406076_branon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Branon dark matter with thermal and misalignment production", "family": "branon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0406076", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public branon EFT model implementation exists that computes pair-production, annihilation, and elastic nuclear-scattering rates from (M, f, N) via the stress-tensor coupling; every route step currently relies on scattered analytic formulas rather than a reusable code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the branon operator (partial pi partial pi - M^2 pi^2 g) T_SM / f^4 in FeynRules, exporting a UFO model for MadGraph collider studies and a CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model for relic density, direct-detection cross sections, and annihilation spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1465_u1r_u1bl_rh_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter in supersymmetric U(1)_R U(1)_{B-L} seesaw model", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1465", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, validated SARAH/SPheno model implementation of the supersymmetric U(1)_R x U(1)_{B-L} inverse-seesaw model (with the Y_s N-S mixing term and BLR Higgs sector) is recorded on the card, so the spectrum, couplings, and downstream CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs inputs cannot be generated without rebuilding it.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the BLR superpotential and gauge sector in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum routines and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's v_R=5.5 and 10 TeV benchmarks including the analytic tadpole solutions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_scalar_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal scalar millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic-fraction step has no implementation: computing f_DM from near-resonant p-wave freeze-out requires careful thermal averaging across the A' resonance (relic abundance is sensitive to the resonance offset xi per the card's validity domain), and no model files or solver configuration exist for the scalar millicharged phi plus invisible A' setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the phi/A' simplified model in a standard relic code (micrOMEGAs or MadDM) with resonance-aware thermal averaging, validate f_DM against the paper's quoted mass/fraction windows as the route's validation test specifies, then scan xi and e_D.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_electric_dipole_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Electric-dipole freeze-in fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in yield code implements UV freeze-in through the photon electric dipole operator including thermal in-medium effects (plasmon decay) and the reheating-temperature dependence for keV-to-GeV dark matter; the paper's analytic formulae have no reusable numerical implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone yield integrator) with the dipole-operator collision terms, in-medium plasmon decay rates, and an explicit T_R cutoff on the UV-dominated collision integral, validated against the primary paper's freeze-in target curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_magnetic_dipole_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Magnetic-dipole freeze-in fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in yield code implements UV freeze-in through the photon magnetic dipole operator including thermal in-medium effects (plasmon decay) and the reheating-temperature dependence for keV-to-GeV dark matter; the paper's analytic formulae have no reusable numerical implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone yield integrator) with the magnetic-dipole collision terms, in-medium plasmon decay rates, and an explicit T_R cutoff on the UV-dominated collision integral, validated against the primary paper's freeze-in target curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10487_lmu_ltau_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) L_mu-L_tau Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10487", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs or MadDM) exists for this L_mu-L_tau gauge extension with inert doublet and scalar leptoquark, so relic-density and spin-dependent scattering scans over (M_-, g_mu_tau, M_Zprime, M_S1, Y_l, y_qR) cannot be reproduced; only paper formulae and figure contours are available.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the full Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs to reproduce the paper's relic-density band and sigma_SD scans, releasing the model files with benchmark validation points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07992_vector_higgs_portal_uv_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Vector Higgs-portal UV freeze-in dark matter in nonstandard cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07992", "score": 26.3, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code solves the coupled decaying-fluid plus radiation reheating system for general pre-BBN equation of state w (including kination) together with freeze-in production through the dimension-six vector Higgs portal |H|^2 V_mu_nu V^mu_nu; existing freeze-in tools (micrOMEGAs freeze-in module) assume instantaneous reheating in a radiation-dominated background, so scans over (Lambda, m_V, T_RH, T_max/T_RH, w) rely on the paper's analytic formulae done by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small reusable reheating-era Boltzmann module (or extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routine) that integrates the two-fluid energy-density equations for user-specified w and inflaton width, feeds the resulting T(a) into the T^n collision term for the dimension-six Higgs-portal operator, and outputs Omega h^2 and the boost factor, validated against the paper's kination benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_heavy_axino_decay_axion_wino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB axion-wino dark matter from heavy axino decay", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the nonthermal relic pipeline for heavy axino decay to wino CDM: thermal axino yield as a function of T_R and f_a/N, axino decay temperature, and the post-decay Boltzmann re-annihilation of injected wino-like neutralinos on AMSB spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the cited thermal axino production yield formulae plus a decay-injection Boltzmann module (freeze-out then reannihilation at the axino decay temperature) as a scan wrapper around Isajet/IsaReD spectra, taking f_a/N, m_axino, T_R and the wino annihilation cross section as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1205_5967_e6_custodial_susy_two_candidate_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "E6-inspired custodial SUSY model with two dark-matter candidates", "family": "e6_inspired_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.5967", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No spectrum-generator or relic-density model implementation exists for this E6-inspired model with custodial Z_H2, matter parity, and the inert Higgs/singlino sector; consequently neither the stable-state spectrum (s1) nor the two-component (ordinary neutralino plus lightest inert state) relic abundance (s2) can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model (superpotential W_IH with lambda_alpha, f_alpha, f_tilde_alpha couplings, U(1)_N gauge sector, and discrete-symmetry assignments) in SARAH to generate FlexibleSUSY/SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP model files, then use micrOMEGAs' two-component dark-matter mode to solve the coupled Boltzmann equations for the exotic-parity and R-parity relics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_4770_no_scale_neutralino_lsp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "No-scale supergravity neutralino LSP dark matter framework", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.4770", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum generator implements the no-scale SU(5) super-GUT boundary conditions used here (m0 = B0 = A0 = 0 imposed at an input scale M_in above M_GUT, with SU(5) RGE running between M_in and M_GUT), so the (m_1/2, M_in) strips cannot be regenerated from the model inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public spectrum generator (SoftSUSY or SPheno/SARAH) with SU(5) RGEs above the GUT scale and the pure no-scale boundary condition at M_in, then chain the output SLHA spectrum into FeynHiggs and micrOMEGAs to reproduce the paper's dark-blue relic strips as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_asymmetric_vector_kinetic_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric vector-mediator SIDM with photon kinetic mixing", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model implementation exists for the asymmetric relic-abundance computation: depleting the symmetric X anti-X component via annihilation into dark vectors with a primordial asymmetry is currently handled only by the paper's benchmark scaling, not by an executable Boltzmann setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a CalcHEP/FeynRules model file for the Dirac X plus dark vector and use micrOMEGAs' asymmetric-dark-matter mode to solve the coupled Boltzmann equations with the asymmetry as an input parameter, verifying the m_phi < m_X < 300 GeV symmetric-depletion window quoted for alpha_X = 1e-2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_08150_5d_majorana_dark_photon_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Five-dimensional Majorana dark photon fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08150", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for Majorana dark matter annihilating through a full dark-photon KK tower with boundary-condition-generated diagonal axial-vector couplings and off-diagonal transitions to the heavier Majorana partner; generic single-mediator dark-photon model files cannot reproduce the direct s-channel mechanism.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model with the two Majorana states and the first N dark-photon KK modes, with analytic masses and axial/off-diagonal couplings as functions of (R^-1, g_D, epsilon, boundary conditions), run it through micrOMEGAs or MadDM with resonance-aware thermal averaging, and validate against the source benchmark relic densities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_04308_bl_type_iii_two_component_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-III-seesaw U(1) B-L model with two-component Dirac dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04308", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP implementation of the anomaly-free B-L model with two fractionally charged Dirac components used for the paper's coupled micrOMEGAs Boltzmann analysis is not publicly released, so the relic-density and cross-section pipeline cannot be run without re-implementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the full Lagrangian (Z_BL, three singlet scalars, triplets, chi_1/chi_2 with fractional B-L charges) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP, and run micrOMEGAs in two-component mode, validating against the paper's benchmark relic densities summing to 0.120; release the model files publicly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_lmu_ltau_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic U(1) L_mu-L_tau charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the inelastic L_mu-L_tau scalar model exists: the S/P coannihilation relic density with the off-diagonal Z-prime coupling to mu/tau flavors, Higgs-portal cross sections, and present-day annihilation are computed privately in the paper, with no FeynRules/CalcHEP files or micrOMEGAs port released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet U(1) L_mu-L_tau scalar sector (S, P, light Z', h/H mixing) in FeynRules and export to micrOMEGAs, which treats coannihilation automatically; validate against the paper's relic curves at the benchmark splitting m_P - m_S = 0.01 m_S, including the light-mediator sub-GeV region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03025_flipped_su5_light_neutralino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) light neutralino/slepton coannihilation scenario", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03025", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generator implementation of the flipped-SU(5) GUT-scale boundary conditions exists: the independent external U(1) gaugino mass M_X1 and right-handed slepton soft mass m_1 (with M5, m_10, m_5 matching) are not available in stock SoftSUSY/SPheno/FlexibleSUSY model files, so the light bino plus right-handed slepton spectra cannot be generated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the flipped-SU(5) soft-term matching conditions (M5, M_X1, m_10, m_5, m_1, mu, M_A, A0, tan beta) as GUT-scale boundary conditions in FlexibleSUSY or SPheno, interface to FeynHiggs (or its successor) for the Higgs mass, and pipe the SLHA output into MicrOMEGAs for the coannihilation relic density; validate by recovering the charged-LSP boundary and the 15-20 GeV coannihilation strip.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_09973_fourth_generation_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-generation U-antiquark dark atoms", "family": "dark_atom_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.09973", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable code implements the abundance pipeline from sphaleron balance through post-BBN helium binding: the (UUU)-He recombination efficiency, helium screening, and the residual free positively-charged or neutral U-hadron abundances that feed the anomalous-isotope consistency check are currently hand estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a small Boltzmann/Saha network code that evolves anti-U cluster formation and Coulomb capture on primordial helium through the post-BBN plasma, tracking residual charged and neutral relic fractions versus m_U and the asymmetry parameter k, validated against the paper's m_U ~ 3.5 TeV full-abundance benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_03670_dark_photon_freeze_in_emd_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon freeze-in Dirac fermion dark matter during early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.03670", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/freeze-in solver implements dark-photon-portal freeze-in production through a generalized early matter-dominated era with temperature- and scale-factor-dependent dissipation (exponents n, k, b); the paper's yield integration exists only as a private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs 5 freeze-in module (or release a standalone ODE code) to accept a user-defined dissipation law Gamma(T,a) and modified Hubble/entropy evolution, validated against the paper's radiation-dominated limit and published Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_00620_bimetric_freeze_in_freeze_out_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bimetric nonstandard-cosmology WIMP/FIMP dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00620", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code couples the bimetric two-scale-factor background (deformed Poisson-bracket source-sink evolution) to a freeze-in/freeze-out relic solver, so the modified H(T) cannot be fed into standard Boltzmann machinery and none of the card's relic-abundance observables can be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Integrate the bimetric background ODEs to tabulate H(T) and the entropy source-sink history for given (lambda, initial density ratio, transition temperature), and pass the table to micrOMEGAs' nonstandard-cosmology interface (or a bespoke yield integrator) for WIMP freeze-out and FIMP freeze-in; validate by recovering standard radiation-dominated results as the deformation is removed.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_14052_scalar_mediator_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electron-philic scalar mediator with Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.14052", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The thermal relic-density calculation for the Majorana DM through the electron-philic scalar mediator is not implemented anywhere in the card's resources, so the fixed-target reach cannot be compared to the thermal-target parameter space the paper invokes for complementarity.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the phi-chi simplified model in micrOMEGAs (or an analytic light-DM freeze-out solver including the resonance region m_phi ~ 2 m_chi) to compute Omega h^2 over the sub-GeV benchmark plane and overlay the thermal-target contour on the fixed-target reach.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_10092_su2_fiveplet_accident_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) x U(1) five-plet accident dark matter", "family": "accident_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10092", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model file or equivalent) exists for the SU(2) x U(1) five-plet accident scalar, so the thermal relic abundance in either branch and the Higgs-portal direct-detection cross section cannot be computed quantitatively; only scaling estimates are available.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model of the five-plet with the loop-lifted accident mass, remnant U(1)' coupling, and lambda_H portal; run micrOMEGAs for freeze-out and sigma_SI, and pass sigma_SI through DDCalc against current LZ/XENONnT limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_10092_su2_fiveplet_accident_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) x U(1) five-plet accident dark matter", "family": "accident_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10092", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dark-sector thermal-history module computes the dark-photon kinetic decoupling temperature and dark-to-visible temperature ratio as functions of lambda_H, which controls both the Delta N_eff prediction and the relic calculation in the secluded (cold dark sector) branch; the card gives only an order-of-magnitude mass implication.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a two-sector temperature evolution solver that tracks Higgs-portal energy exchange rates versus Hubble, outputs T_dec and T'/T, and maps (m_DM, alpha_D, lambda_H) to Delta N_eff for comparison with Planck and CMB-S4 forecasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_14264_gravitational_portal_rhn_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-portal right-handed-neutrino dark matter during reheating", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.14264", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical solver exists (per the card) for the coupled reheating Boltzmann system - inflaton condensate, radiation bath, and RHN number density with graviton-mediated and xi_h-enhanced production terms - so the N1 relic abundance and T_RH are only estimated analytically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled rho_phi, rho_R, n_N1 Boltzmann equations with the paper's tree-level gravitational production rates for general inflaton exponent k and xi_h, validating against the abundance curves of the related gravitational-portal papers (arXiv:2112.15214, 2210.05716); couple the leptogenesis piece to an existing public code such as ULYSSES.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_03721_dirac_scotogenic_singlet_doublet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dirac-scotogenic singlet-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.03721", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes Delta N_eff for this model's Dirac-neutrino sector across both regimes: thermal right-handed-neutrino decoupling for lambda > 1e-3 and nonthermal freeze-in-like production from Z2-odd scalar decays for smaller lambda.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a Boltzmann/energy-transfer solver for the nu_R energy density (thermal decoupling temperature tracking plus phi -> nu_R decay injection), parameterized by lambda and the phi mass, and validate against the paper's thermal and nonthermal Delta N_eff cases; this can be built on standard g_star tables or as a light extension of existing Delta N_eff decoupling codes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01379_alternative_su3_4_leptonic_color_v1", "model_name": "Alternative [SU(3)]^4 leptonic-color dark matter model", "family": "leptonic_color_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01379", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical dark-matter pipeline exists for the scalar singlet phi^0 with z-mediated annihilation into hemions: the relic density and the Higgs-portal direct-detection bound are known only as analytic benchmarks at one parameter point, and freeze-out with hemions kept in equilibrium through photons before SU(2)_l confinement is not implemented in any public relic code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the phi^0, z, and hemion sector as a FeynRules/UFO model and run micrOMEGAs to scan Omega h^2 and sigma_SI over (m_phi, m_x, m_z, f_x, f_H), treating the hemion bath's thermal contact via photons explicitly, and validate against the paper's 1 pb benchmark and the f_H < 4.4e-4 bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07992_high_scale_susy_gravitino_uv_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "High-scale-SUSY gravitino UV freeze-in in nonstandard cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07992", "score": 25.4, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code solves the coupled inflaton/decaying-fluid plus radiation Boltzmann system for general pre-BBN equation of state w together with the goldstino-dominated gravitino pair-production rate; existing freeze-in tools (micrOMEGAs freeze-in module) assume instantaneous reheating in a radiation-dominated background, so scans over (T_RH, T_max/T_RH, w, m_3/2, F) rely on the paper's regime-by-regime analytic formulae done by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small reusable reheating-era Boltzmann module (or extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routine) that integrates the two-fluid energy-density equations for user-specified w and inflaton width, feeds the resulting T(a) into the T^n freeze-in collision term with n=6 for the gravitino, and outputs Omega h^2 and the boost factor across the parameter space, validated against the paper's kination benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_3540_higgs_philic_u1_sneutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-philic U(1)' right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.3540", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the Higgs-philic U(1)' right-handed sneutrino model: the LanHEP/CalcHEP files producing matrix elements, decay widths, and MicrOMEGAs inputs are author-only with no identified repository, blocking automated evaluation of the full spectrum-to-observable chain.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the superpotential W = h_lambda S H_u H_d + (1/M_R) S L H_u Y_N N and the U(1)' sector in SARAH or FeynRules, export CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's benchmark decay widths and Omega_DM h^2 = 0.1036.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_6679_gravitino_dm_from_bl_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter from spontaneous B-L breaking reheating", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.6679", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the coupled post-B-L-breaking reheating network — false-vacuum decay and tachyonic preheating initial conditions, B-L Higgs/gauge and heavy-neutrino decays, entropy production, lepton asymmetry, and thermal gravitino production — needed to reproduce the temperature plateau and the correlated (m_G, m_g, T_RH, M_1, m_tilde_1) relic and baryogenesis regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled Boltzmann network as an open-source ODE solver (or extend a public leptogenesis code such as ULYSSES with time-dependent entropy injection and a gravitino production equation using standard thermal rates), validating against the paper's m_G > ~10 GeV benchmark for a 1 TeV gluino.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_1312_vib_bottom_philic_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Virtual-internal-bremsstrahlung Majorana dark matter coupled to right-handed bottom quarks", "family": "quark_philic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.1312", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) of the Majorana singlet plus near-degenerate colored scalar exists for micrOMEGAs, so the relic-density calculation with mediator coannihilation and the VIB contribution cannot be run out of the box despite the tool itself being public.", "proposed_resolution": "Write the simplified-model Lagrangian (y chi b_R eta + h.c. with the (3,1)_{-1/3} scalar) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and validate the micrOMEGAs relic output including eta coannihilation against the paper's analytic relic estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_scalar_higgs_portal_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric scalar-mediator SIDM with Higgs mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No executable relic-abundance implementation exists for the p-wave freeze-out of X anti-X into light scalar mediators: the route's boltzmann_solver step has null tool_or_code and the abundance target is currently only the paper's benchmark scaling relation.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a CalcHEP/FeynRules model file for the Dirac X plus real scalar phi with Higgs mixing and run micrOMEGAs to solve the freeze-out including the p-wave X anti-X to phi phi channel, reproducing the WIMP-miracle alpha_X(m_X) relic target quoted in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_equilibrium_scalar_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Equilibrium-scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the momentum-dependent freeze-in Boltzmann equations of this model (equilibrium scalar phi with dimension-five UV annihilation and IR decay channels); reproducing f_N1(p) and the abundance curves currently requires re-deriving the paper's private computation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the phi phi -> N1 N1 and phi -> N1 N1 collision terms in a public momentum-level freeze-in code (e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or a standalone f(p) solver in the style of DRAKE) with T_RH-dependent UV truncation, validated against the paper's abundance and lambda_FS benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_08464_asymmetric_dm_sterile_neutrino_dark_msw_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter with sterile-neutrino Dark MSW interactions", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.08464", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full Solar Dark MSW pipeline — asymmetric-DM solar capture profile n_X(r), 3+1 neutrino propagation through the combined standard and dark matter potentials, and the SNO/Borexino chi-square — exists only as the primary paper's private numerical implementation, so the model's critical solar-neutrino observable cannot be re-evaluated or scanned without rebuilding it.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public solar neutrino propagation framework (e.g. nuSQuIDS) with a 3+1 Hamiltonian including the radial dark potential V_s(r) computed from a Gould-formalism capture-and-thermalization module (adapting DarkSUSY capture routines to the asymmetric, non-annihilating case), and package the SNO polynomial/covariance and Borexino survival-probability likelihood as interpolable tables validated against the paper's m_X = 5 GeV, m_4 about 1 eV benchmark contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_03652_z_portal_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z-prime portal right-handed neutrino dark matter in minimal gauged U(1) B-L", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.03652", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The minimal gauged U(1) B-L model with RHN DM lacks a public implementation tying together the relic-density scan, LHC narrow-resonance dilepton recast, and Planck-scale perturbativity (Landau-pole) check that jointly define the allowed (m_DM, m_Z', alpha_BL) region.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the B-L model in micrOMEGAs/MadDM for the resonant relic calculation, add a ZPEED-style recast of current LHC dilepton narrow-resonance limits for the B-L charge assignments, and include the one-loop g_BL running to the Planck scale as a perturbativity cut in a single scan script.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04512_asymmetric_dark_matter_nuggets_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter nuggets with scalar and vector forces", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04512", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code implements the dark-nugget synthesis network (Boltzmann/aggregation equations for fusion freeze-out plus RMFT nugget properties) that maps dark-sector masses and couplings to N_fo, M_fo, nugget radius, and density; the step is currently done with analytic estimates whose bottlenecks are model dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a standalone dark-nucleosynthesis solver: coupled aggregation Boltzmann equations with two-to-two fusion cross sections through bottleneck states, closed by a relativistic-mean-field equation of state for large-N nugget binding, parameterized by constituent mass, scalar/vector couplings, and mediator masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03762_cp_odd_sneutrino_nmssm_type_i_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "CP-odd sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM with Type-I seesaw", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03762", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public SARAH model files or standalone repository exist for the Type-I seesaw NMSSM with a CP-odd sneutrino LSP, so the spectrum-to-observable pipeline must be rebuilt from the superpotential before any step can be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the NMSSM plus Type-I seesaw model in SARAH from the superpotential and soft terms given in the paper, including the RR mass-splitting sign choice that makes the CP-odd state lightest, generate SPheno and micrOMEGAs model files, validate against the paper's coannihilation benchmarks, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_scalar_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in Boltzmann integrator computes the relic abundance and initial excited-state fraction for this split-scalar dark-photon portal, including e+e- annihilation through an off-shell V and plasmon decay with in-medium (thermal photon mass) effects in the m_e < m_V < 2 m_D regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone integrator following the DarkSide/plasmon freeze-in literature) to include the in-medium photon self-energy for plasmon decay and to evolve the chi_1 and chi_2 number densities separately, validated against the paper's e_D epsilon ~ 1e-13 to 1e-12 relic benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_spinor_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spinor freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in Boltzmann integrator computes the relic abundance and initial excited-state fraction for this pseudo-Dirac dark-photon portal, including e+e- annihilation through an off-shell V and plasmon decay with in-medium (thermal photon mass) effects in the m_e < m_V < 2 m_D regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone integrator following the plasmon freeze-in literature) to include the in-medium photon self-energy for plasmon decay and to evolve the chi_1 and chi_2 Majorana number densities separately, validated against the paper's e_D epsilon ~ 1e-13 to 1e-12 relic benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12278_dark_charge_z4_two_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-charge Z4 two-scalar dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.12278", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the Z4 dark-charge two-scalar model (phi2, phi3, Z prime, scalar self-couplings) exists in any public relic-density code, so the coupled two-component freeze-out with component-changing annihilations that sets both the local density fractions and the boosted flux cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the U(1)_N gauge sector with the Z4 charge assignments and run it through micrOMEGAs' two-component dark matter mode to solve the coupled Boltzmann equations, including the phi2 phi2 <-> phi3 phi3 conversion channels, over the small- and large-coupling regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_01164_pure_scalar_inelastic_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pure-scalar inelastic coannihilation dark matter model", "family": "inelastic_scalar_coannihilation", "arxiv": "2111.01164", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public UFO/FeynRules implementation of the pure-scalar inelastic coannihilation model (s1, s2, lambda_22 and lambda_12 Higgs-portal operators) is identified, so collider event generation and cross-checked relic calculations cannot be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-scalar Higgs-portal Lagrangian in FeynRules, export UFO and CalcHEP files, validate the s2 lifetime against the paper's O(10 cm) benchmark and the relic lambda_22 bands with micrOMEGAs/MadDM, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_00866_as_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Asymptotic-safety sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.00866", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver produces the sterile-neutrino momentum distribution f_N(p) from decays of the thermal scalar S in this model; existing freeze-in tools (e.g. micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines) return only the integrated abundance, while structure and X-ray recasts need the full nonthermal spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for scalar-decay freeze-in (following the Merle-Totzauer scalar-decay formalism) as a small integrator parameterized by (Y_S, M_N, m_S, scalar thermal abundance), outputting f_N(p) and Omega_N h^2 consistently.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_00417_u1x_remnant_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_X remnant scalar dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00417", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the U(1)_X remnant-Z2 scalar sector in a relic-density solver; only the paper's parametric annihilation estimate exists, so the Omega h^2 = 0.12 region cannot be scanned precisely including coannihilation with the nearby Z2-odd scalars.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the full Z2-odd scalar spectrum plus Z' and run micrOMEGAs freeze-out including A_2 A_2 -> Z'Z' and suppressed electroweak channels, validating against the m_A2 = 271 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_14052_spin2_mediator_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electron-specific spin-2 mediator with light Dirac dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.14052", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The thermal relic-density calculation for Dirac DM through the effective spin-2 mediator is not implemented in any of the card's resources, so the fixed-target reach cannot be compared to the thermal-target parameter space the paper invokes for complementarity, and the EFT-validity boundary in Lambda is not mapped onto that plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the energy-momentum-tensor couplings of the spin-2 simplified model in micrOMEGAs via a CalcHEP/UFO model file (or an analytic freeze-out solver including the resonance region m_G ~ 2 m_chi), compute Omega h^2 over the sub-GeV benchmark plane, and flag points where the required couplings violate the Lambda EFT cutoff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_09640_clockwork_scalar_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Minimal clockwork neutrinogenesis scalar dark-sector subcomponent", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.09640", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged solver exists for the scalar 3-to-2 SIMP freeze-out in the clockwork regime where kinetic contact with the SM is inefficient, which decides whether the O(10-100 MeV) saturation regime or the small hot subcomponent applies.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled 3-to-2 number-changing and dark-temperature evolution equations (extending standard SIMP freeze-out codes to a decoupled-temperature dark sector) and scan m_phi and the phi self-coupling against the relic target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0411076_low_tension_branon_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Low-tension brane-world branon WIMP dark matter", "family": "branon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0411076", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public branon EFT implementation computes relic abundance (hot-warm and cold branches), collider pair-production, nuclear-recoil cross sections, and annihilation spectra from (M, f, N) via the stress-tensor coupling; all four chain steps depend on this single missing implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the branon bilinear-to-T_SM/f^4 coupling in FeynRules, exporting UFO for MadGraph mono-X studies and a CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model so that relic density (including the relativistic freeze-out branch checked against the paper's analytic bands), direct-detection cross sections, and indirect spectra come from one validated code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_13397_local_b_l_dirac_asymmetric_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-and-lepton-number Dirac asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dirac_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13397", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled leptogenesis-plus-dark-asymmetry Boltzmann system: the Y_N1/Y_B-L/Y_DM network with CP-asymmetric N_1 decays branching into lepton-Higgs and dark-sector final states, Z_L gauge-boson washout of the N_1 abundance, and sphaleron redistribution is given only as equations in the paper, so the M_ZL/g_L ~ 1e10 GeV bound and the Y_DM-M_DM relic relation cannot be independently rescanned (the card also defers some washout processes to future work).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann framework (e.g. a ULYSSES-style solver) with the dark-sector decay branch (y_DM, y_L, y_R couplings), Z_L-mediated 2-to-2 scattering keeping N_1 in equilibrium, the deferred dark-asymmetry washout terms, and the modified sphaleron conversion relations of the U(1)_B x U(1)_L theory.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_10563_conformal_freeze_in_composite_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in composite dark-pion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.10563", "score": 24.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann implementation exists for conformal freeze-in: the collision term for SM hypercharge coupling to a dark-CFT antisymmetric tensor operator of dimension d, transferring energy into the conformal sector without thermalization, is not available in any released code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the COFI collision integral (parameterized by Lambda, d, and the reheating asymmetry) as a standalone freeze-in module or micrOMEGAs/DRAKE-style extension that outputs the dark-sector energy density versus temperature, validated against the paper's relic contours and nonthermalization screen.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0708_3983_bl_rh_sneutrino_inflaton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "B-L right-handed sneutrino inflaton dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0708.3983", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable implementation of the U(1)_B-L MSSM with right-handed sneutrino LSP exists: no spectrum generator input or micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files covering the Z' and Z'-gaugino mediated annihilation channels, so neither the freeze-out relic density nor sigma_SI can be computed automatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_B-L extended MSSM in SARAH (or FeynRules), generate SPheno spectrum code and micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files including Z', Z'-gaugino, and Higgs-sector superpartner exchange, and validate against the paper's benchmark relic-density regions including the Z'-pole.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_5243_gmsb_nmssm_light_heavy_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated NMSSM light and heavy dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.5243", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the GMSB NMSSM plus U(1)_X dark sector exists: LDM freeze-out into dark gauge bosons and the CP-even dark Higgs, the ONLSP relic abundance, and the coupled visible/dark-sector thermal history are only estimated analytically (has_associated_code=no).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian (superpotentials W_1 and W_dark with kinetic mixing) in FeynRules/SARAH and export to micrOMEGAs or MadDM to compute LDM freeze-out with a possibly decoupled dark-sector temperature, plus the ONLSP (neutralino or right-handed sneutrino) abundance feeding the late-decay transfer.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_6135_h_parity_stable_higgs_gauge_higgs_unification_v1", "model_name": "H-parity stable Higgs dark matter in SO(5) x U(1) gauge-Higgs unification", "family": "stable_higgs_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.6135", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No computational implementation of the SO(5) x U(1)_X gauge-Higgs unification model exists (computational_representation is null and has_associated_code is no): the H-parity spectrum, gauge-Higgs couplings at theta_H = pi/2, and stable-Higgs annihilation channels are not encoded in any model file usable by relic-density or collider tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file of the 4D effective theory (SM fields with theta_H-modified couplings plus the lightest H-parity-odd KK states), feed it to micrOMEGAs for Omega_H h^2 including coannihilation, and export a UFO for MadGraph-based collider event generation; validate against the paper's m_H ~ 70 GeV WMAP anchor point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5105_secluded_u1_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Secluded U(1)' neutralino dark matter benchmarks", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5105", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LanHEP/CalcHEP implementation of the secluded U(1)' model (singlet-extended neutralino sector, Z', exotics) used in the paper is not publicly released, so the benchmark spectra, relic densities, and collider events cannot be regenerated by third parties.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the secluded U(1)' superpotential and gauge sector in FeynRules/LanHEP, export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs and UFO files for MadGraph, and validate against the published LM1'/LM2'/LM6' benchmark masses and relic densities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1112_4030_two_component_conversion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Interacting two-component dark matter conversion model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1112.4030", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public solver implements the coupled two-component Boltzmann system with chi_2 chi_2 -> chi_1 chi_1 conversion staying in conversion equilibrium after thermal decoupling for nearly degenerate states with large g2/g1, which is the mechanism that generates the boost factor.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled abundance equations in micrOMEGAs' two-component dark-matter mode (or a standalone stiff ODE solver) with the conversion cross section as input, validating against the benchmark m1 = 1 TeV, Delta = 1e-4, g2/g1 = 60, u ~ 0.5 boost factor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5488_ezssm_bino_inelastic_upscattering_v1", "model_name": "EZSSM bino dark matter with inert-Higgsino up-scattering", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5488", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public EZSSM model implementation exists: neither a spectrum generator producing the bino/inert-Higgsino masses, splittings, and R_Zij mixings nor micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files, so the freeze-out route that sets the relic density cannot be run outside the thesis's private setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the EZSSM (E(6)SSM with exact Z_2^S, vanishing f_u/f_d couplings, and massless inert singlinos) in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum output and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the thesis benchmark relic densities near M_1 of about 94 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_2253_pure_gravity_mediation_wino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pure gravity mediation neutral wino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2253", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public maintained code computes the Sommerfeld-enhanced SU(2)L wino annihilation cross section and photon/W spectra across the sub-TeV to multi-TeV range, forcing reliance on digitized literature results for the route's first step.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the coupled-channel chargino-neutralino Sommerfeld calculation (Hisano/Hryczuk-style potentials with one-loop corrections) as a public module, e.g. by extending DarkSUSY or releasing a standalone calculator that outputs <sigma v>_WW and annihilation spectra versus m_wino and Delta m_wino.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_1312_vib_muon_philic_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Virtual-internal-bremsstrahlung Majorana dark matter coupled to right-handed muons", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.1312", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) of the Majorana singlet plus near-degenerate charged scalar exists for micrOMEGAs, so the relic-density calculation with mediator coannihilation and the VIB contribution cannot be run out of the box despite the tool itself being public.", "proposed_resolution": "Write the simplified-model Lagrangian (y chi mu_R eta + h.c. with the SU(2)_L-singlet Y=1 scalar) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and validate the micrOMEGAs relic output including eta coannihilation against the paper's analytic relic estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_1312_vib_tau_philic_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Virtual-internal-bremsstrahlung Majorana dark matter coupled to right-handed tau leptons", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.1312", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) of the Majorana singlet plus near-degenerate charged scalar exists for micrOMEGAs, so the relic-density calculation with mediator coannihilation and the VIB contribution cannot be run out of the box despite the tool itself being public.", "proposed_resolution": "Write the simplified-model Lagrangian (y chi tau_R eta + h.c. with the SU(2)_L-singlet Y=1 scalar) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and validate the micrOMEGAs relic output including eta coannihilation against the paper's analytic relic estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1685_zee_babu_u1bl_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Zee-Babu global U(1) B-L complex scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1685", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation of the extended Zee-Babu global U(1)_{B-L} model (complex X split into X_R/X_I, dark scalar phi, Goldstone final states, charged h+/k++ channels) exists, so the freeze-out step including hidden-sector Goldstone annihilation and X_I coannihilation cannot be run automatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar potential of the extended Zee-Babu U(1)_{B-L} model in FeynRules, export CalcHEP files to micrOMEGAs, and validate the relic contours against the paper's resonance (m_phi=2m_R) and large-v_phi benchmarks including Goldstone final states at theta_H=0.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1406_4601_majoronic_dark_radiation_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majoronic dark radiation with residual-dark-parity scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.4601", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical implementation of the model exists: relic abundance, spin-independent cross section, and Higgs invisible width for the L=1 scalar with sub-GeV Higgs-mixed mediator are available only as the paper's private scan outputs, not as a reproducible pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the H-S-scalar potential and seesaw sector in FeynRules/LanHEP and compute <sigma v>, sigma_SI, and Gamma_h_inv with micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's <sigma v> = 2.5e-9 GeV^-2 target and M_S < 0.8 GeV accepted region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_05443_x_portal_vector_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "X-portal vector MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.05443", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implementation of the X-portal vector DM model (V V* X and V V* X X vertices with 8Be-motivated SM couplings) in a public relic-density solver; the p-wave freeze-out is currently only reproduced from the paper's analytic formulae and figures.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the vector DM plus X mediator Lagrangian and compute the relic abundance with micrOMEGAs or MadDM, validating against the paper's 13.6-16.7 MeV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_07841_z2_fermion_dm_majorana_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd fermion dark matter annihilating to Majorana sterile neutrinos", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.07841", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled chi/sterile-neutrino number-density Boltzmann system in which the annihilation products (N) chemically decouple from the SM bath before chi freeze-out; standard micrOMEGAs assumes equilibrated final states, and neither the paper's FeynRules/CalcHEP model files nor its custom stiff solver are released.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the FeynRules model for (chi, phi, N) and extend micrOMEGAs (or a generic solver such as a DRAKE-style code) with a second number-density equation for Y_N including its L H Yukawa-mediated coupling to the bath, validating that the standard single-equation result is recovered at large y_N.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_07841_z2_fermion_dm_pseudo_dirac_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd fermion dark matter annihilating to pseudo-Dirac sterile neutrinos", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.07841", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists: the paper's FeynRules model and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs setup for the chi-phi-N_D simplified model (including the pseudo-Dirac sterile-neutrino treatment) were used privately and never released, so annihilation cross sections and widths cannot be regenerated without reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Lagrangian (y_chi phi chi N, phi^2 H^dagger H portal, N L H Yukawa, pseudo-Dirac N_D limit) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate widths and cross sections against the paper's benchmark points before public release.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_07841_z2_fermion_dm_pseudo_dirac_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd fermion dark matter annihilating to pseudo-Dirac sterile neutrinos", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.07841", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver handles the model's key effect: coupled Boltzmann evolution of Y_chi and Y_N when the sterile-neutrino annihilation products fall out of thermal contact with the SM bath before chi freeze-out; standard single-equation freeze-out machinery (micrOMEGAs default mode) gives the wrong relic abundance precisely in the small-y_N regime the paper targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled stiff number-density system (chi and N with annihilation, N decay through y_N, and g_* tables) as a standalone solver or a micrOMEGAs/DRAKE-style extension, validating against the standard equilibrium result in the large-y_N limit and against the paper's BBN lifetime check at the smallest y_N benchmarks, as the card's validation tests specify.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_01056_kination_nonequilibrium_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kination non-equilibrium Majorana dark matter production", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01056", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public freeze-in/out-of-equilibrium production solver handles a kination-dominated expansion with a finite maximum radiation-bath temperature T_max; the yield step has tool_or_code null and existing freeze-in codes assume radiation domination.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a lightweight standalone ODE solver) with the kination H(T) parameterized by T_R and T_max, validating against the paper's analytic non-equilibrium branch scaling and the <sigma v> < 2.7e-38 cm^3/s abundance boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_02347_cosmic_selection_rule_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-selection-rule SU(N)d glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02347", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public semi-analytic early-universe solver implements the full chain of vectorlike-quark freeze-out, temporary Q/Qbar matter domination, Q-onium decay reheating of two sectors, and dark confinement into glueballs; the route lists such a solver as a required resource and its status is planned.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's coupled evolution (Q abundance, matter-domination epoch, two-sector reheat temperatures, glueball yield) as a standalone numerical solver, validated by reproducing the published N_d versus Lambda_d selection curve and the T_r > MeV viability boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_04729_hidden_u1h_bosonic_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1)_H bosonic H2 dark matter for radiative neutrino mass", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04729", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files exist for the hidden-U(1)_H radiative-neutrino model (H2 dark matter, Z' with loop-induced leptonic decays, inert singlet/triplet scalars, vectorlike L'), so the relic-density step cannot be run as published.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian in FeynRules or SARAH and export CalcHEP/UFO files for micrOMEGAs, including the H2 H2* Z' Z' contact and gauge interactions, validating against the paper's m_H2 = 3 TeV thermal-relic benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03309_singlet_majoron_dm_extension_v1", "model_name": "Singlet majoron extension with majoron or sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03309", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann pipeline exists for this model's majoron freeze-out/freeze-in from the (m_J, f, m_N) couplings, which is needed even just to verify the paper's underproduction statement quantitatively (the s2 step lists a boltzmann_solver with null tool_or_code).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the singlet-majoron Lagrangian (majoron-neutrino and scalar-sector couplings) in micrOMEGAs' freeze-out and freeze-in modes and scan (m_J, f, m_N) to reproduce and delimit the underproduction region as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_09106_massless_dark_photon_composite_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite pNGB dark matter with a massless dark photon", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.09106", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation computes freeze-out for the composite pNGB with derivative Higgs portal plus massless U(1)_DM dark photon, including the phi phi -> A_D A_D channel, Sommerfeld enhancement of late-time annihilation, and the dark-visible kinetic decoupling temperature T_dec needed for the Delta N_eff prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the pNGB plus massless dark photon Lagrangian in FeynRules/CalcHEP and micrOMEGAs for the freeze-out calculation, add a Coulomb-regime Sommerfeld correction factor for alpha_D, and couple a dark-visible energy-transfer-rate calculation to output T_dec, validating against the paper's relic and Delta N_eff contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_02803_gauged_inverse_seesaw_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged inverse-seesaw inert-scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.02803", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public MicrOMEGAs/CalcHEP implementation exists for the gauged inverse-seesaw inert-scalar sector (eta_R/eta_I splitting, new singlet scalars, N_R Yukawa channels); the paper's private MicrOMEGAs model file is not released, so the relic curve beyond the pure singlet-Higgs-portal decoupling limit cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full scalar potential and Yukawa sector in SARAH/FeynRules, generate a CalcHEP model for MicrOMEGAs including eta_R-eta_I coannihilation and annihilation to new scalars and sterile neutrinos, and validate by recovering the Higgs-funnel and 1-30 TeV viable regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_08863_scalar_inelastic_crdm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar inelastic cosmic-ray-accelerated dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.08863", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward model computes the cosmic-ray-accelerated inelastic flux for the two-state scalar dark sector: upscattering p/He + phi_1 -> phi_2 with sub-GeV splitting Delta, the boosted phi_1 spectrum from phi_2 -> phi_1 + V decay, and attenuation to underground xenon detectors for the g_phi derivative-coupling and Lambda_s dipole-like benchmark operators.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the DarkSUSY cosmic-ray-boosted DM module to inelastic two-state scalar kinematics: implement the phi_2 production cross sections for the derivative vector-current and dimension-six dipole-like operators with light-mediator form factors, the phi_2 decay boost spectrum, and inelastic Earth attenuation, keyed to the D_eff flux parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_01327_axionlike_dark_matter_electroweak_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Axionlike dark matter electroweak cogenesis model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.01327", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code integrates the ALP equation of motion with the Higgs-dependent potential, the EWPT-induced minimum shift, and hidden-gauge thermal friction through the electroweak epoch, so the secondary-oscillation relic abundance and baryon asymmetry cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated ODE integrator for phi(T) coupled to the SM electroweak crossover background (using standard SM equation-of-state tables for g_*(T) and the lattice Higgs-VEV profile v(T)), with the hidden friction entering as a Gamma(T) phi-dot damping term, and validate it against the paper's quoted 0.01-30 eV viable mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_08508_alternative_u1x_dirac_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Alternative U(1)_X Dirac right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08508", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the alternative U(1)_X charge assignment: reproducing the relic, sigma_SI, dilepton, and Delta N_eff scans (including the x_H=-2 coupling-cancellation case and the m_X near 2 m_chi resonance band) currently requires re-deriving everything from the paper because no FeynRules/micrOMEGAs model files are released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_X model with alternative right-handed-neutrino charges in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs/MadDM for relic and sigma_SI, add the massless nu_R decoupling calculation for Delta N_eff, and validate against the paper's x_H = 0, 1, -1.2, -2 plots and the resonance band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_10514_z2_z2_two_inert_doublet_3hdm_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2 x Z2 two-inert-doublet 3HDM two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.10514", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the Z2 x Z2-prime two-inert-doublet 3HDM exists for relic-density or event-generation pipelines: the paper's micrOMEGAs and MadGraph runs used private model files, so the two-component freeze-out with inter-family conversion and the collider cascades cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Write and release a FeynRules implementation of the Z2 x Z2-prime symmetric 3HDM potential with Type-I Yukawas, exporting CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs' two-component mode (with conversion x_a x_a -> x_b x_b enabled) and a UFO for MadGraph, validated against the paper's benchmark relic-density and cross-section plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_01091_model_i_final_bound_state_real_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Model I final-bound-state real scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01091", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public relic-abundance code (micrOMEGAs, DarkSUSY, DRAKE) implements final-state Sommerfeld enhancement or final-bound-state formation channels (D D -> B, D D -> B V), so the Model I pipeline must be re-implemented from the paper formulas for every scan and cannot be validated against standard tooling.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the Model I FSS/FBS cross sections and their thermally averaged rates as a reusable module (e.g. a DRAKE or micrOMEGAs extension) validated against the paper benchmark of about 93 percent additional relic reduction at alpha_V = 0.5, z = 1.1, m_D = 1 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_01091_model_ii_final_bound_state_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Model II final-bound-state complex scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01091", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public relic-abundance code implements the angular-momentum-resolved final-state Sommerfeld and final-bound-state channels of Model II (p-wave FSS, p-wave B formation, s-wave B plus V emission), so the relic calculation and the late-time SS*BV channel hierarchy must be re-implemented from the paper for every use.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Model II FSS/FBS cross sections and thermally averaged rates as a reusable module (e.g. extending DRAKE or micrOMEGAs), validated against the paper benchmarks of about 13 percent additional relic reduction at alpha_V = 0.5 and SS*BV dominance at x > 150.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_11288_vector_mediated_bound_state_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated bound-state-forming WIMP dark matter", "family": "bound_state_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.11288", "score": 23.7, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code implements the generalized bound-state-formation cross section with bath-particle scattering (thermal-field-theory kernel with mediator correlator) nor the coupled Boltzmann/Saha network of annihilation, BSF, dissociation, and bound-state decay, so the relic abundance for this vector-mediated heavy WIMP cannot be recomputed with existing public tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the bath-scattering BSF kernel of the source formalism (arXiv:1910.11288 building on 1604.01776) as a module — e.g. extending DarkSUSY's or micrOMEGAs' freeze-out machinery with bound-state Saha/ionization-equilibrium equations — and validate against the paper's benchmarks showing bath-BSF dominance over on-shell emission and the resulting relic depletion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_05096_light_vector_neutrino_scattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light vector dark matter with neutrino contact scattering", "family": "neutrino_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.05096", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No UHE-neutrino propagation code exists for transport through galactic-spike and intergalactic dark-matter columns with the strongly energy-dependent contact cross section sigma ~ s^2/(192 M^6), including multiple scattering, energy regeneration, angular deflection, and a consistent DM column-density (halo plus source spike) model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing neutrino cascade/transport framework (e.g. a nuSQuIDS-style Boltzmann transport code) with the differential nu-X cross section from the dimension-seven operator and a parameterized line-of-sight DM column (NFW halo plus optional source spike), outputting attenuated spectra and arrival-direction/time-delay distributions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_13857_singlet_doublet_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet Majorana dark matter with Type-I seesaw neutrino masses", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.13857", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the singlet-doublet Majorana plus Type-I-seesaw Lagrangian exists for micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP, so the relic-density scan with electroweak coannihilation and the sigma_SI computation cannot be reproduced or extended beyond the paper's private setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules (vector-like doublet, three RH neutrinos, Z2-odd sector) and export a CalcHEP model for micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's Omega h^2 scatter plots and the absence of Z-mediated elastic scattering in the Majorana limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_08901_inert_triplet_bosonic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Y=0 inert-triplet radiative neutrino model with bosonic dark matter", "family": "inert_triplet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.08901", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (CalcHEP/LanHEP model files for micrOMEGAs) exists for this Y=0 inert-triplet radiative-neutrino model with the eta_R bosonic DM candidate, so the gauge-coannihilation relic calculation and the source scan counts (325 NH, 20 IH points) cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian (inert triplet, N_R, vector-like leptons, charged scalar S+) in LanHEP/FeynRules and export micrOMEGAs 5.x model files, packaging the neutrino-oscillation/LFV filter as a reproducible scan script that recovers the 166 MeV charged-neutral splitting and the published scan counts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13758_symmetric_atomic_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric ultraheavy atomic dark matter freeze-out through rearrangement", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13758", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/relic-density code implements the defining mechanism of this model: sequential dark-sector freeze-out (dark-proton annihilation, scalar injection of dark electrons, atomic formation) followed by atom-antiatom rearrangement depletion with a geometric cross section C r_b^2 at a decoupled dark temperature.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small coupled-Boltzmann integrator (or extend micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector freeze-out module) that tracks dark-proton, dark-electron, and atom abundances with the paper's rearrangement rate, parameterized by (m_p, m_e, alpha_D, C, xi = T_dark/T_SM), and validate against the paper's 1e6-1e10 GeV viable band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_02243_pngb_linear_breaking_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "pNGB scalar singlet dark matter with linear U(1)_X breaking", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.02243", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP files for the linear-breaking pNGB complex singlet) is released, so the micrOMEGAs relic workflow and resonance structure cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the complex-singlet potential with the soft linear breaking term in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs, and validate that the SI amplitude vanishes only for degenerate H1 and H2 as the paper states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_1145_q4_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Q4-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "discrete_flavor_higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.1145", "score": 23.3, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (or FeynRules) implementation of the Q4-invariant scalar potential exists, and writing one is blocked by OCR-degraded field symbols, so neither the relic band nor sigma_SI can currently be recomputed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recover the exact Q4 representation assignments and potential terms from the typeset PDF, encode the model in FeynRules, and export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, validating by reproducing the paper's m_X-lambda_5 relic-density band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_1999_no_scale_flipped_su5_neutralino_flippon_dm_v1", "model_name": "No-Scale Flipped SU(5) neutralino dark matter with TeV flippons", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.1999", "score": 23.2, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The F-SU(5) spectrum calculation requires flippon-enhanced RGEs implemented only in a proprietary modification of SuSpect 2.34; no public spectrum generator reproduces the No-Scale Flipped SU(5) strip, which every downstream observable (relic density, Higgs mass, collider signatures, gamma line, proton decay) depends on.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the flipped SU(5) x U(1)_X boundary conditions and TeV vector-like flippon RGE contributions in a public framework (SARAH/SPheno or FlexibleSUSY), and validate against the paper's benchmark (m_chi10 = 145 GeV, WMAP7 strip with M_1/2 = 400-900 GeV).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0708_2786_thermally_produced_gravitino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Thermally produced gravitino LSP dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0708.2786", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, reusable BBN late-decay constraint tool covers hadronic plus electromagnetic cascades from NLSP decays in gravitino-LSP scenarios; existing public codes (e.g. ACROPOLIS) treat photodisintegration but not full hadronic showers, so the (NLSP abundance, tau, branching fractions) plane can only be checked against fixed literature grids rather than recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend ACROPOLIS (or wrap the published Kawasaki-Moroi-style hadronic-injection exclusion grids into an interpolated likelihood) to accept per-NLSP decay spectra from a spectrum calculator plus micrOMEGAs, outputting light-element constraints as a function of (NLSP identity, abundance, tau, branching fractions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_3523_supersymmetric_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nearly supersymmetric atomic dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.3523", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/recombination code exists for the supersymmetric dark-atom sector: the dark recombination history, residual ionized fraction, and molecule/macroscopic bound-state formation (with photino as well as photon emission channels) are uncomputed, leaving the cosmological abundance of atoms versus ions undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a RECFAST/HyRec-style recombination network to a dark sector parameterized by (alpha_D, m_eD, m_pD, dark-sector temperature ratio), adding the supersymmetric bound-state multiplets and gaugino emission channels derived from the paper's spectrum, and couple its output ionized fraction to the perturbation step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_4679_susy_u1b_u1l_multicomponent_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric U(1)_B x U(1)_L multicomponent cold dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.4679", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (LanHEP/FeynRules to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs) of the supersymmetric U(1)_B x U(1)_L sector exists, so the coupled relic densities of the leptophobic X_B, leptophilic X_L, and neutralino components — including Z_B-resonant annihilation and low-velocity Sommerfeld enhancement for X_L — cannot be computed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model in LanHEP or FeynRules from the paper's superpotential, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and use micrOMEGAs' multicomponent mode (extended to three sectors if needed) with dedicated treatment of the Z_B resonance and Sommerfeld factors for the TeV X_L component.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0906_degenerate_leptophilic_radiative_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate leptophilic radiative-neutrino-mass dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0906", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model file exists for this radiative-neutrino-mass model with nearly degenerate N1/N2 and inert-doublet coannihilations; the paper's micrOMEGAs setup was private, so the relic-density colored regions cannot be reproduced or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Ma-model Lagrangian (three N_i, inert doublet eta, Z2, complex Yukawa texture) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and rebuild the micrOMEGAs model file, validating against the paper's WMAP-era relic contours before updating to the Planck value.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_leptophobic_u1b_scalar_x_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophobic U(1)_B scalar X cold dark matter", "family": "leptophobic_u1_b_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density model implementation exists for the leptophobic U(1)_B sector with a scalar X candidate; the card gives only a partial Lagrangian and the boltzmann_solver step names a generic micrOMEGAs-style solver without model files, so the p-wave-suppressed and resonant (m_X ~ M_ZB/2) freeze-out cannot be computed precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the full scalar-X Lagrangian (Z_B couplings, spectrum, widths) from the primary and referenced papers, encode it as a CalcHEP/FeynRules model, and run micrOMEGAs including the velocity-suppressed annihilation and the Z_B resonance across (m_X, M_ZB, g_B).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_2395_spread_susy_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spread Supersymmetry with wino LSP dark matter", "family": "wino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.2395", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code computes the total wino abundance in Spread SUSY: Sommerfeld-corrected thermal freeze-out combined with gravitino freeze-in from heavy-scalar decays and UV gravitino production at reheating, as a function of (M_2, m_3/2, m_scalar, M_*, T_R).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs with Sommerfeld-enhanced wino annihilation and add a gravitino production/decay Boltzmann module (freeze-in plus T_R-dependent UV term), validated against the paper's parameter-space boundaries and the ~3 TeV thermal wino benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1211_5615_nonthermal_ewpt_vector_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal electroweak-phase-transition vector WIMP dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.5615", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists that combines the bubble-collision nonthermal source term at T_EW with subsequent thermal annihilation washout for the Higgs-portal vector, which is the model's defining relic-density calculation; standard relic codes assume pure freeze-out initial conditions.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a lightweight custom solver using its Higgs-portal-vector annihilation cross sections) to accept an injected comoving yield at a user-specified T_EW and evolve the number density through post-transition annihilation to today, validated against the paper's analytic washout estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_00991_gauge_b_l_multipartite_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge B-L radiative neutrino mass multipartite dark matter", "family": "multipartite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.00991", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation exists for the multi-component relic calculation: the cold S1/S2 abundances via B-L gauge and scalar-Yukawa annihilation have never been computed numerically, and no SARAH/FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for this exotic-charge B-L model are identified.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model (exotic B-L charges, eta/chi scalars, S-sector mass matrix from phi2/phi4 VEVs) in SARAH or FeynRules and run the micrOMEGAs multi-component mode to compute Omega_S1 h^2 and Omega_S2 h^2 across the gauge-coupling and mass parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1608_05443_x_portal_scalar_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "X-portal scalar MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.05443", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model-file implementation of the X-portal scalar Lagrangian (e_D X_mu J_DM^mu plus e epsilon_f X_mu J_SM^mu) exists in a relic-density code, so the p-wave freeze-out with the near-resonant 16.7 MeV mediator and hadronic threshold effects is only computed via the paper's approximate analytic x_f expressions.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the scalar-DM-plus-X simplified model and run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) freeze-out including the X width and e+e- threshold, validating against the paper's e_D^2 epsilon_f^2 relic contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_07542_flipped_su5_inflaton_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) inflaton-scalar dark matter unification", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07542", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implementation of the low-energy Z2 scalar-singlet limit exists in a relic/direct-detection pipeline for this card, so the quoted mass windows (m_S near 62.5 GeV for k <= 0.06, m_S above about 450 GeV for k about 0.2) are inherited from the literature rather than re-derivable.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the standard scalar-singlet Higgs-portal model in MicrOMEGAs (public singlet model files exist) over (m_S, k), imposing Planck relic density and current LZ/XENONnT limits via DDCalc to re-derive the viable windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_02149_cp_violating_spin0_sidm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating spin-0 mediator self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02149", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented relic-density calculation covers this model's CP-phase-dependent annihilation including Sommerfeld enhancement from the light mediator and the 2-to-3 chi chi to 3 phi channel; the freezeout step relies on analytic approximations with tool_or_code null.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the CP-mixed Lagrangian (couplings y_chi, alpha) as a micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model file and add the Sommerfeld factor for the alpha-dependent Yukawa potential and the 3 phi final state, fixing y_chi by Omega h^2 = 0.12 across the (m_chi, m_phi, alpha) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_00037_electron_flavored_dirac_dm_model_i_v1", "model_name": "Electron-flavored Dirac dark matter, Model I", "family": "lepton_flavored_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00037", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO, micrOMEGAs or MadDM model files) exists for the Dirac DM plus inert-scalar-doublet Lagrangian, so relic-density scans and LHC charged-scalar recasts (MadGraph plus CheckMATE/MadAnalysis) cannot be automated; computational_representation is null and associated code is unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Model I Lagrangian in FeynRules, export UFO and CalcHEP model files, validate the relic density against the paper's analytic freeze-out contour, and run charged-scalar pair production through MadGraph with slepton-search recasts in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_02713_baryon_violating_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-number-violating Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.02713", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/yield code implements the late-modulus-decay cosmology in which one decay sources both the nonthermal chi abundance and baryogenesis within the 3 MeV < T_R < 1 GeV window, so the relic-abundance and BBN-window constraints cannot be scanned beyond the paper's benchmark relations.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a coupled modulus-radiation-chi-baryon Boltzmann module (a small ODE code, or an extension of micrOMEGAs' nonstandard-cosmology mode) taking (m_modulus, T_R, Br_chi, Br_X, m_chi) to Omega_chi h^2 and the baryon yield, with the BBN T_R > 3 MeV boundary imposed.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_00016_nonabelian_vector_invisible_zprime_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian vector dark matter freeze-in through a heavy invisible Z prime", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.00016", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in code implements this model: the generalized Chern-Simons Z'-SM gauge-boson operators for non-Abelian vector dark matter are not available as model files in any public tool, and public freeze-in solvers assume instantaneous reheating, whereas the R(T) ~ T^16 rate makes the relic yield dominated by the T_max/T_RH noninstantaneous-reheating boost.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the GCS effective operators in FeynRules/CalcHEP and extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a standalone Boltzmann integrator) to evolve production through a noninstantaneous reheating phase parameterized by (T_RH, T_max), including exact matrix elements near the Z' threshold; validate against the paper's R(T) ~ T^16 scaling and Omega h^2 = 0.12 benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_07236_su2n_multipartite_fimp_vector_boson_v1", "model_name": "Multipartite SU(2)_N freeze-in vector-boson dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.07236", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical implementation of the coupled freeze-in plus late-decay Boltzmann system for the SU(2)_N model: the X yield from eta_1 decays after eta freeze-out, the nonthermal scalar-triplet component from the Higgs quartic interaction, and the SU(2)_N spectrum/decay-width inputs are all uncomputed by any identified code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(2)_N model in micrOMEGAs or MadDM freeze-in mode (via a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file providing the spectrum and eta decay widths) and extend the yield calculation to track eta freeze-out followed by late decays into X, validating against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1198 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_02255_s3_majorana_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 Majorana right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.02255", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (SARAH/FeynRules to micrOMEGAs or SPheno) exists for the S3 x Z2 Majorana-neutrino model, so the t-channel inert-scalar/lepton-mediated relic density and the one-loop sigma_SD and LFV observables cannot be computed with existing public pipelines.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the S3 x Z2 model in SARAH, generate SPheno and micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files, and validate against the paper's viable region (M_DM > ~300 GeV, y_5 of order one, small lambda_7) and its one-loop sigma_SD and BR(mu->e gamma) formulae.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_07102_bosonic_forbidden_mesonic_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bosonic forbidden light dark matter with meson-decay portals", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.07102", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic density is computed only in the forbidden-channel analytic approximation; no model implementation exists in a numerical relic solver to control the near-threshold Boltzmann-suppression precision across the Delta m up to 0.6 m_1 splitting range.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the S1-phi Lagrangian (lambda S1^2 phi^2 with Higgs-mixed phi decays) as a micrOMEGAs or MadDM model file and solve the full Boltzmann equation to validate the approximate 1 pbn freeze-out target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_07102_fermionic_secluded_mesonic_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic secluded light dark matter with meson-decay portals", "family": "light_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.07102", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic abundance rests on the analytic p-wave estimate (y_phi about 0.01 benchmark); no numerical implementation of the psi1-phi secluded sector in a public relic solver exists to control freeze-out precision and the sub-dominant s-wave contamination relevant for CMB limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the y_phi phi psi1 psi1 plus Higgs-portal mediator Lagrangian as a micrOMEGAs or MadDM model file, solve the full Boltzmann equation, and extract the exact thermally averaged s- and p-wave components of <sigma v>.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12578_z2_fraternal_twin_tau_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z2 Fraternal Twin Higgs right-handed twin tau WIMP", "family": "fraternal_twin_higgs_wimp", "arxiv": "2106.12578", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the Z2 Fraternal Twin Higgs twin-tau sector (twin photon, twin Z, Y=2 scalars, Higgs-portal mixing) exists in a relic/scattering code, so Omega h^2, sigma_SI, and <sigma v> over the viable parameter space can only be reproduced from the paper's analytic appendix rather than computed systematically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z2 FTH Lagrangian (twin gauge sector, tau'_1/tau'_2 mixing, Y=2 scalars, Higgs portal) in FeynRules and run micrOMEGAs or MadDM for freeze-out and spin-independent scattering, validating against the appendix analytic cross sections and the paper's viable-region contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_02803_gauged_inverse_seesaw_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged inverse-seesaw right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.02803", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public MicrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for this U(1)_{B-L} plus Z4 gauged inverse-seesaw model with residual-Z2 N_R dark matter; the paper's private MicrOMEGAs setup is not released, so the relic-density scan (including sterile-neutrino and Z prime pair final states) cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian (B-L gauge sector, inert scalar, sterile-neutrino Yukawas, residual Z2 assignments) in FeynRules/SARAH, export a CalcHEP model file for MicrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's quoted viable region m_N > 1 TeV, g_B-L > 0.7, M_Zprime > 6 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_05579_2hdm_portal_forbidden_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light 2HDM-portal forbidden scalar dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.05579", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the leptophilic 2HDM plus Z2-odd real scalar singlet exists for relic-density codes; forbidden freeze-out just below charged-lepton thresholds requires exact thermally averaged cross sections across the kinematic threshold, which the card's route leaves with null tool_or_code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the 2HDM+S model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs with exact relativistic thermal averaging over the forbidden threshold, validating against the paper's relic-density-preferred Yukawa contours for the muon, tau, and mixed-lepton channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_11918_su2_center_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) center-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.11918", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the coupled two-component Boltzmann system for the SU(2)_D center-stabilized model exists: the relic ratio Omega_plus/Omega_minus, which controls the direct-detection rescaling, requires solving freeze-out with dark-photon, dark-scalar, and Higgs-portal channels (and hidden-sector thermalization for tiny portal couplings).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in CalcHEP/FeynRules and use micrOMEGAs' multi-component dark-matter mode to solve the coupled chi_plus/chi_minus freeze-out, extending it with a hidden-sector temperature evolution for the secluded and freeze-in regimes the paper mentions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_11918_su3_center_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(3) center-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.11918", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the SU(3)_D center-stabilized scalar sector, so the Z3 semi-annihilation relic-density network (chi chi -> chi* + X plus ordinary annihilation into dark and SM final states) with a partially thermalized dark sector cannot be solved numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(3)_D model (ten-plet Phi, triplet chi, dark gauge bosons, Higgs portal) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run it through micrOMEGAs' Z3 semi-annihilation module, extending the code with a two-temperature (dark vs visible bath) Boltzmann treatment for the partially coupled regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_02835_forbidden_fermion_mediator_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-in dark matter from a light thermal fermion mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.02835", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in code implements finite-temperature forbidden mediator decays with thermal masses; the relic yield from the combined forbidden-decay plus scattering collision terms can currently only be obtained by re-implementing the paper's formulas by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or release a standalone numerical solver) that adds temperature-dependent thermal masses to the mediator and evaluates the forbidden-decay and scattering collision terms, validated against the paper's y_chi versus thermal-parameter relic curves; optionally include LPM/gauge-thermalization corrections the paper defers.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_13238_multicomponent_asymmetric_cogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-component asymmetric cogenesis dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13238", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code solves the coupled cogenesis Boltzmann system linking right-handed-neutrino decays to both the visible and dark asymmetries and then evolving asymmetric freeze-out, freeze-in, and late-decay populations of chi and S; existing leptogenesis and relic codes each cover only one piece.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis solver such as ULYSSES with the dark-sector branching ratios and washout terms of this Lagrangian, and couple its Delta_D output to a custom yield module (or micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines) covering the asymmetric freeze-out, freeze-in, and late-decay regimes with the branching parameter R.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_09747_modular_a4_muon_specific_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modular A4 muon-specific scalar dark matter model", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09747", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs) exists for the eta_I plus vectorlike-lepton Lagrangian; the relic density relies on a velocity expansion truncated at d-wave with fixed x_F ~ 24, which is untested against a full Boltzmann solution for this p-wave-sensitive leptophilic annihilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the eta_I, eta_R, E_1/E_2 interaction Lagrangian in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs, and recompute Omega_DM h^2 over the scan ranges (m_1, m_2 in 90-1000 GeV, y_E, s_E in 0.01-1) to quantify the error of the analytic freeze-out approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_14764_sesm_inelastic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SESM general-scalar-potential inelastic scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.14764", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the SESM Z_2-odd scalar singlet/doublet sector with CP-violating potential exists for relic and direct-detection calculators; the Z-mediated co-annihilation between nearly degenerate CP-even and CP-odd states and the inelastic scattering channels are beyond stock micrOMEGAs model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Build FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for the SESM scalar potential (including a_H, a_H_prime, lambda_SH_prime, lambda_DH_prime and singlet-doublet mixing) and run them through micrOMEGAs, validating the Higgs-resonance and Z-resonance co-annihilation benchmark branches quoted in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03167_fimp_dark_matter_from_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "FIMP dark matter from flavon portals", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03167", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public implementation of the coupled flavon-DM freeze-in Boltzmann system (thermal flavon equilibrium via dimension-six Yukawa plus Higgs portal, S/h_S/A_S decay production), so the relic-density band cannot be reproduced without reimplementing the paper's equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and use micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or a small standalone ODE solver for the yield equations) validated against the paper's n=7.5 and n=8.5 benchmark windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_11775_so10_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) pseudo-Goldstone dark matter with 126_H and 16_H singlets", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.11775", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SO(10) pGDM scalar sector has no numerical implementation for the relic-density scan or the momentum-suppressed (loop-level) direct-detection amplitude; the card records only an outline of the potential, no associated code, and no rerun of the decay-lifetime constraint, so the suppressed direct-detection prediction and the m_h/2-10 TeV thermal bands cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the minimal pGDM limit (S plus soft U(1)-breaking term with Higgs mixing to h_2) in FeynRules and micrOMEGAs to scan the relic density over (m_DM, v_16) including the m_h/2 and m_h2/2 resonances, and add the known one-loop pseudo-Goldstone direct-detection cross section to test the null-signal prediction against current xenon limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14801_type_iii_inert_doublet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-III radiative inert-doublet scalar dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14801", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP implementation of the two-inert-doublet plus vector-like-triplet model that feeds micrOMEGAs is private: no public model files exist, so the relic-density and sigma_SI pipeline cannot be reproduced or rerun over new parameter ranges.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Lagrangian in LanHEP or FeynRules, export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs including all inert-scalar coannihilation channels, and validate against the paper's 100-2000 GeV scan filters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15760_z3_scotogenic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scotogenic neutrinophilic scalar dark matter", "family": "neutrinophilic_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15760", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for micrOMEGAs or MadDM) exists for the Z3 two-inert-doublet scotogenic model in the scalar-S1 hierarchy, so relic abundance with coannihilation and the neutrino-mass-fitted Yukawa structure cannot be scanned numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z3 scotogenic Lagrangian in FeynRules/SARAH, export to micrOMEGAs to compute Omega h^2 including S1-S2 and charged-scalar coannihilation, validating against the paper's p-wave analytic estimate at x_f=18.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_00323_dirac_vector_mediator_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Dirac dark matter with a vector mediator and modified freeze-out", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.00323", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code produces the nonperturbative effective annihilation rate for vector-mediated Dirac dark matter combining Sommerfeld enhancement with bound-state formation, decay, and thermal dissociation at finite temperature, which is required to reproduce the 2.85 to 5.90 TeV benchmark shift.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the published Coulombic pNREFT vector-mediator rates (Sommerfeld factors, BSF cross sections, finite-temperature ionization-equilibrium effective rate) as an open rate-table generator whose output feeds micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY as a user-defined sigma_v_eff(T), validated by recovering the 2.85 and 5.90 TeV standard-cosmology benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_08828_superweak_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superweak sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.08828", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No computational implementation of the superweak U(1)_z model exists on the card (no FeynRules/CalcHEP/UFO model file), so the sterile-neutrino relic abundance in either the resonant freeze-out branch or the small-coupling freeze-in branch cannot be computed with public solvers, and the published relic-density lines cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model of the SWSM (Z-prime with anomaly-free U(1)_z charges, three sterile neutrinos, mixed scalar) and export to micrOMEGAs/MadDM for the resonant freeze-out branch and to micrOMEGAs' freeze-in mode for the small-g_z branch, validating against the paper's relic-density lines at fixed M_N1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0005123_low_reheat_massive_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat stable massive neutrino dark matter", "family": "massive_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0005123", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann integrator computes the abundance and phase-space of a stable keV-MeV massive neutrino produced by weak interactions during MeV-scale reheating with entropy injection; the route's required low-reheat neutrino integrator does not exist as a reusable code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement momentum-resolved weak production of a massive Dirac or Majorana neutrino in a public low-reheat kinetic solver (extending a pyBBN-style code with a decaying-field entropy source), validated against the primary 33 keV to 5-6 MeV excluded band and against the standard equilibrium abundance at high T_RH.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_09234_z_portal_cpviolating_3hdm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z-portal CP-violating 3HDM dark matter", "family": "multi_higgs_doublet_z_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.09234", "score": 22.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical implementation of the CP-violating Z2-symmetric 3HDM (spectrum, Z S_i S_j couplings versus theta_CPV, and coannihilation channels) exists for relic-density and detection-rate calculations; computational_representation is null and the paper's benchmark scans are private.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z2-symmetric 3HDM with CP-mixed inert scalars in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs with coannihilations to reproduce the benchmark Omega h^2, sigma_DM-N, and <sigma v> scans versus theta_CPV and mass splittings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_0079_heavy_moduli_nonthermal_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-moduli nonthermal LSP dark matter scenario", "family": "nonthermal_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.0079", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-yield code tracks LSP production from late modulus decay together with post-decay annihilation, gravitino branching, and entropy injection; the card's route relies on the paper's instantaneous-decay analytic expression, and standard relic-density codes (micrOMEGAs, DarkSUSY) assume thermal freeze-out in a radiation-dominated history rather than a modulus-dominated one.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY with a nonstandard-cosmology module that solves the coupled modulus/radiation/LSP Boltzmann system (modulus decay width, branching to superpartners, LSP annihilation at T_chi), parameterized by (m_chi, T_chi, m_LSP, <sigma v>, Br(chi -> superpartners)), validating against the paper's analytic scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_05579_cxsm_z2_breaking_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-breaking complex singlet pseudo-Goldstone scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.05579", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the Z2-breaking cxSM exists: the FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs files with the a_1 and b_1 soft-breaking terms and h_1/h_2 mixing were not released, blocking reproduction of the relic-density and rescaled sigma_SI scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the cxSM potential with nonzero a_1, b_1 and singlet vev in FeynRules, export CalcHEP files, and run micrOMEGAs over the paper's scan domain, checking the exact tree-level SI cancellation as a_1 -> 0 as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_10112_gauged_charged_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged charged complex scalar dark matter with dark Higgs and dark photon", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.10112", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implementation of this gauged complex-scalar dark sector (X, dark Higgs H1, dark photon Zprime with Higgs mixing) exists in a public relic-density code; the paper uses analytic freeze-out estimates with x_f ~ 12-19 rather than a full Boltzmann solution over the X Xbar -> Zprime Zprime, H1 Zprime, H1 H1 channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules model file for the X/H1/Zprime Lagrangian and run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) to compute Omega_X h^2 across the m_X = 10 MeV-10 GeV window, including resonance and threshold effects near m_Zprime ~ 2 m_X.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1207_4235_vector_like_lepton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like lepton dark matter", "family": "vector_like_lepton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1207.4235", "score": 22.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files exist for the vector-like lepton sector; the original relic-density implementation is private, so the freeze-out, resonance, and E_1 coannihilation calculation cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the vector-like lepton Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and rerun micrOMEGAs for relic density and SI/SD cross sections, validating against the paper's Z/Higgs resonance dips at 45 and 62 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0803_3725_axionic_mirage_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axionic mirage mediation axino dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0803.3725", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for the coupled decay-chain yields (modulus abundance, gravitino branching, NLSP yield with possible annihilation, late entropy dilution) that set the axino relic abundance; the card's route lists a 'nonthermal momentum-distribution calculator' as a required but absent resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a coupled Boltzmann yield code for the modulus/gravitino/NLSP/axino chain parameterized by (modulus_yield, gravitino_branching, NLSP identity, tau_nlsp, f_PQ), including NLSP annihilation and entropy dilution, validated against the paper's O(100) MeV axino benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0908_3399_gravitino_dm_general_neutralino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter with general neutralino NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0908.3399", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The supergravity neutralino-NLSP decay calculator (lifetime plus hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions for arbitrary Bino/Wino/Higgsino mixing, including three-body channels) is a private paper implementation with no public release.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the two- and three-body neutralino-to-gravitino widths and B_had/B_em as an open module interfaced to SoftSUSY/micrOMEGAs spectra (or as a DarkSUSY extension), validated against the paper's lifetime scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1109_2164_oscillating_asymmetric_dark_matter_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Oscillating asymmetric dark matter (scalar variant)", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1109.2164", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled oscillation-plus-annihilation evolution of complex-scalar asymmetric dark matter: a density-matrix/Boltzmann system tracking phi and phi* abundances with the X=2 mass-squared mixing term m_M^2, large annihilation, and elastic-scattering decoherence from freeze-out to today; the paper's own integration was released with no code artifact.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled density-matrix Boltzmann equations as a public module parameterized by (m_1, Delta m, <sigma v>, initial asymmetry, decoherence rate), with the scalar mass-squared mixing mapped to the oscillation frequency, validated against the paper's 10 GeV and 1000 GeV benchmark exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_6646_secluded_dm_hidden_cft_v1", "model_name": "Secluded dark matter coupled to a hidden CFT", "family": "secluded_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.6646", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for two-sector freeze-out with a large hidden CFT: the relic abundance depends on separate SM/hidden temperatures, hidden g_* evolution, and entropy transfer through the confinement phase transition, all currently handled by order-of-magnitude analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement coupled Boltzmann equations with independent visible/hidden sector temperatures and an entropy-conserving treatment of the confinement transition, parameterized by (M_chi, g_5, Lambda, N, g_*), e.g. by extending micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector/two-temperature machinery or a standalone solver validated against the paper's benchmark abundance curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_0022_u1x_isospin_violating_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X isospin-violating asymmetric Dirac dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_vector_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.0022", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs implementation of the U(1)_X double-portal model used by the authors is not publicly released, so the asymmetric relic calculation with quasi-resonant Z_X depletion and the coupled scattering amplitudes cannot be reproduced directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Lagrangian (kinetic mixing, scalar mixing, Dirac chi, singlet S) in FeynRules and run micrOMEGAs in its asymmetric dark matter mode, validating against the paper's Planck target Omega h^2 = 0.1187 and the residual symmetric fraction near the Z_X resonance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_3823_higgs_portal_vector_dark_matter_u1_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal vector dark matter with broken U(1)", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3823", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files) exists for this specific hidden-U(1) vector plus complex-singlet model; the card lists micrOMEGAs only as 'or equivalent' and records no associated code, so the relic-density scan is not reproducible off the shelf.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the renormalizable hidden-U(1) Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP files to micrOMEGAs, and validate against the primary paper's relic-density and annihilation-channel benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_04776_flavor_symmetric_vectorlike_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) flavor symmetric vector-like fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.04776", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of this specific flavor-symmetric singlet-doublet construction is released for Micromegas; the paper's scan cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files linking the flavor-breaking operator to the Higgs portal Yukawa.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the singlet-doublet Lagrangian with the flavor-induced Yukawa Y and mixing theta_d in FeynRules, export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's benchmark that LUX constrains Y below about 0.05 for sub-TeV M1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_03120_sequestered_lvs_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sequestered LVS thermal Higgsino dark matter with Affleck-Dine baryogenesis", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.03120", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented pipeline maps the sequestered LVS soft-term pattern and modulus reheating parameters to a full MSSM Higgsino spectrum and precision relic density; the route's own required_code_resources note that a spectrum calculator and relic-density solver are needed for a full recast, and the card's route relies on the m_chi/20 freeze-out estimate rather than a numerical Boltzmann calculation including Sommerfeld/coannihilation effects at the ~1.2 TeV Higgsino scale.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the sequestered LVS boundary conditions (split-SUSY-like soft terms plus modulus-set reheating temperature) in a public spectrum generator such as SoftSUSY or SPheno, and pass the spectrum to micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY with the low-reheating-temperature option to compute the thermal Higgsino relic abundance numerically, including coannihilation with the nearly degenerate chargino/neutralino states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_08430_complex_scalar_dark_higgs_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light-dark-Higgs complex scalar sub-GeV dark matter", "family": "sub_gev_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.08430", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for the minimal U(1)_D dark-Higgs sector: the paper's freeze-out with off-shell dark-photon annihilation to e+e- plus t-channel phi phi -> S S channels was run through private BayesFITS interfaces, a modified relic-density module, and non-SUSY SPheno spectrum generation.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model of the complex scalar plus dark photon plus dark Higgs sector and compute the relic density in micrOMEGAs with all coannihilation and S-containing final states enabled, validating against the paper's Planck-compatible (Omega h^2 = 0.1188) scan points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_03390_conformal_u1x_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant U(1)_X singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.03390", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CalcHEP model files and micrOMEGAs setup used for the relic-density and sigma_SI scan are author code with no public repository identified, so the resonance bands and direct-detection predictions cannot be regenerated or extended off the paper's benchmark mixing angles.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the renormalizable scale-invariant Lagrangian (given in full in the paper) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs, validating against the published relic-density resonance bands and SI scatter plot, then archive the model files publicly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_07973_fermionic_uv_ir_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-singlet fermionic UV/IR freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.07973", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann/freeze-in code implements UV, IR, and mixed UV-IR freeze-in production through the dimension-five Higgs operator with explicit reheating-temperature dependence; existing freeze-in machinery (e.g. micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines) targets IR-dominated renormalizable freeze-in and does not track the T_RH-sensitive UV contribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a lightweight yield integrator following the paper's UV/IR/mixed rate formulae (production rates before and after electroweak symmetry breaking, integrated from T_RH down), validated by recovering the UV-to-IR dominance transition near T_RH ~ 10^4 GeV; alternatively extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module to accept temperature-dependent effective-operator rates with a finite reheating temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_04818_gauged_lepton_dark_sector_cp_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged lepton-number dark-sector CP-violating fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04818", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files feeding micrOMEGAs or MadDM) exists for the chi relic density with its combined Z-prime, lepton-pair, and dark-scalar annihilation channels, so the freeze-out abundance in the baryogenesis-favored region cannot be recomputed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules implementation of the gauged-U(1)_L dark sector (chi, S components, Z-prime) and export to micrOMEGAs to compute the relic density including chi chi -> Z' Z', s-channel Z' -> leptons, and dark-scalar final states, validated against the paper's allowed-point plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2008_00529_freeze_in_hidden_sector_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-in hidden-sector self-interacting dark fermion model with a light dark photon", "family": "self_interacting_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.00529", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public released implementation of the coupled two-temperature Boltzmann system for this Stueckelberg U(1)_X hidden sector (equations y1-y3/y7: D and gamma-prime yields plus the hidden-to-visible temperature ratio with freeze-in sourcing and dark freeze-out); the paper used a custom stiff-equation solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs' two-sector (hidden-sector temperature) freeze-in/freeze-out framework, or release a standalone stiff ODE solver for the (Y_D, Y_gamma_prime, T_h/T) system, validated against the paper's six benchmark relic densities and the allowed epsilon/m_gamma_prime band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_13722_inverse_phase_transition_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar portal dark matter from inverse phase transition", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.13722", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical scalar-field thermal-history solver exists to compute the phi abundance through the inverse phase transition; the relic density is currently a rough analytic kick-approximation estimate, and the card provides no target_fraction or validated Omega_phi h^2 mapping over (M, g, lambda, N).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a solver that integrates the homogeneous phi equation of motion with the varphi-induced thermal mass through T_sym (a CosmoTransitions-style effective-potential evolution coupled to the background Friedmann equations), validating the kick approximation and producing Omega_phi h^2 contours in the (M, g, lambda) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_11646_s3_2hdm_vll_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 symmetric two-Higgs-doublet vector-like lepton dark matter", "family": "vector_like_lepton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.11646", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP/UFO model files for the S3 symmetric 2HDM plus vector-like lepton sector, so the micrOMEGAs relic/scattering scan and the MG5aMC@NLO collider event generation cannot be reproduced from the paper alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the S3 symmetric 2HDM+VLL Lagrangian (scalar potential, VLL Yukawa couplings, soft S3-breaking Dirac/Majorana masses, mass-matrix diagonalization) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP and UFO model files, validate against the BP1-BP4 relic-density and cross-section tables, and publish the files in a model repository.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_13126_two_component_wimp_fimp_scalar_u1_lmu_ltau_v1", "model_name": "Two-component WIMP-FIMP scalar dark matter with U(1) L_mu-L_tau", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.13126", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled two-component Boltzmann system for this model, in particular the FIMP semi-production channel phi_1 phi_2 -> phi_2 phi_2 and the three-body decay phi_1 -> phi_2 phi_2 phi_2 that couple the WIMP and FIMP abundances; the paper's numerical solver is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model file in micrOMEGAs 5's two-component mode and extend it with the semi-production and superWIMP-decay collision terms (or implement the coupled number-density equations in a standalone solver), validating against the paper's one- and two-component regime benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_00849_stfm_singlet_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "STFM singlet FIMP with triplet next-to-lightest odd particle", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.00849", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the STFM coupled Boltzmann system in which the singlet N is produced by thermal freeze-in from H2/triplet decays and scatterings and additionally by late out-of-equilibrium decay of the frozen-out triplet NLOP; micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines do not handle the coupled NLOP freeze-out-then-decay contribution out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Write CalcHEP/FeynRules model files for the STFM and extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a standalone ODE solver) to solve the coupled N and triplet-NLOP yield equations through the NLOP decay epoch, validating against the primary scan trends in M_N, M_Sigma, and Y_Sigma.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_01670_reheaton_decay_kination_emd_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheaton-decay nonthermal Dirac fermion dark matter with kination and early matter domination", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.01670", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment-specific recast exists for the long-lived Higgs-mixed reheaton at DUNE, FASER(-II), MATHUSLA, and SHiP with the branching fraction to dark matter fixed by the relic-density condition.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the reheaton production modes and visible/invisible branching pattern in a public LLP forward-detector sensitivity framework (FORESEE/SensCalc-type machinery for Higgs-portal scalars), imposing the relic-fixed Br(S->chi chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_02698_portalino_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Portalino-inspired neutrino-portal Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.02698", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The micrOMEGAs implementation used for the relic scan is not released as a public model package, so the end-to-end pipeline from Portalino-model parameters to relic density and search observables is not reusable.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the U(1)_d Portalino model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and publish the micrOMEGAs model files, validating against the paper's resonance relic-density plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_11295_wimpy_leptogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "WIMPy leptogenesis inert-doublet dark matter with early matter domination", "family": "cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11295", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled WIMP-abundance plus lepton-asymmetry Boltzmann equations for the inert-doublet/scalar-triplet WIMPy-leptogenesis model in an early-matter-domination cosmology with entropy dilution near T_end; the paper's custom integrator is private, so the relic/BAU cogenesis window cannot be independently recomputed or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP to generate the annihilation and washout cross sections (cross-checked against the paper's appendices), and couple them to a modified-expansion Boltzmann integrator — e.g. extend a ulysses-style leptogenesis code or the micrOMEGAs nonstandard-cosmology branch with the EMD H(z) and entropy injection near T_end — validating against the paper's published evolution plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_11295_wimpy_leptogenesis_feu_v1", "model_name": "WIMPy leptogenesis inert-doublet dark matter with fast expanding universe", "family": "cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11295", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled WIMP-abundance plus lepton-asymmetry Boltzmann equations for the inert-doublet/scalar-triplet WIMPy-leptogenesis model in a fast-expanding-universe cosmology (energy density redshifting faster than radiation, parameters n and T_r); the paper's custom integrator is private, so the relic/BAU cogenesis window cannot be independently recomputed or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP to generate the annihilation and washout cross sections (cross-checked against the paper's appendices), and couple them to a modified-expansion Boltzmann integrator — e.g. extend a ulysses-style leptogenesis code or the micrOMEGAs nonstandard-cosmology branch with H(T) scaling as (T/T_r)^(n/2) relative to radiation — validating against the paper's published evolution plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_11295_wimpy_leptogenesis_stg_v1", "model_name": "WIMPy leptogenesis inert-doublet dark matter with scalar-tensor gravity", "family": "cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11295", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled WIMP-abundance plus lepton-asymmetry Boltzmann equations for the inert-doublet/scalar-triplet WIMPy-leptogenesis model in a scalar-tensor-gravity cosmology with an enhanced Hubble rate relaxing to standard expansion before BBN; the paper's custom integrator is private, so the relic/BAU cogenesis window cannot be independently recomputed or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP to generate the annihilation and washout cross sections (cross-checked against the paper's appendices), and couple them to a modified-expansion Boltzmann integrator — e.g. extend a ulysses-style leptogenesis code or the micrOMEGAs nonstandard-cosmology branch with the scalar-tensor speed-up factor for H(T) — validating against the paper's published evolution plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_01522_chiral_b_l_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Chiral U(1) B-L scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.01522", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public SARAH/SPheno/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the chiral U(1) B-L model with right-handed-neutrino charges (5,-4,-4), the extra doublet eta, singlet chi, and DM scalar phi_d, so the spectrum, vertices, relic density, and sigma_SI of the source scan cannot be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the chiral B-L Lagrangian in SARAH, export SPheno spectrum-generator code and CalcHEP model files, feed them to micrOMEGAs 5.x, and validate by reproducing the paper's Planck-band scan points and resonance regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_10928_adagio_dark_photon_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Adagio dark-photon thermal relic dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.10928", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann relic-density solver implements freeze-out with a time-dependent effective Planck mass (reduced Hubble rate before a pre-BBN transition at T_*), which is the defining ingredient of the Adagio mechanism; the paper's computation is analytic and not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a lightweight Boltzmann integrator) with H(T) rescaled by mp_early_over_mp_today and a transition at T_*, for the kinetically mixed dark-photon model; validate by recovering the standard thermal relic result at mp_early_over_mp_today = 1 as the card's validation test specifies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_00323_dirac_scalar_mediator_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Dirac dark matter with a scalar mediator and modified freeze-out", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.00323", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the scalar-mediator Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation and bound-state formation/dissociation effective rates for Dirac dark matter with mixed scalar/pseudoscalar Yukawa couplings, including the finite-temperature BSF treatment the source relies on.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the published closed-form Coulombic pNREFT rates (Sommerfeld factors, BSF cross sections, ionization-equilibrium effective sigma_v_eff(T)) for the scalar/pseudoscalar coupling structure as an open-source rate module that outputs tabulated effective annihilation rates consumable by micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY as user-defined cross sections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_13101_z6_singlet_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z6 singlet Dirac dark matter", "family": "singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.13101", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP/micrOMEGAs model files for this specific Z6 singlet Dirac model are not public, so reproducing the relic-density and cross-section pipeline requires reimplementing the model from the Lagrangian rather than running released inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Z6 Lagrangian in LanHEP or FeynRules, generate and publicly release the CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate by recovering the paper's viable 60 GeV to 6 TeV mass range and its LZ-compatible scan points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_03749_local_baryon_number_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-number anomaly-cancellation Majorana dark matter", "family": "gauged_baryon_number_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.03749", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (UFO or CalcHEP model files) exists for the U(1)_B anomaly-cancellation spectrum with the leptophobic Z_B, Cucuyo Higgs, and Majorana chi, so relic-density and collider event generation cannot be run out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_B Lagrangian (Z_B, baryon-breaking scalar with Higgs mixing, Majorana chi with n_chi = -3/2) in FeynRules and export UFO/CalcHEP files for use in micrOMEGAs and MadGraph, validating against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_linear_seesaw_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Linear-seesaw mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 21.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SARAH model files and SPheno/CalcHEP inputs for the MSSM-plus-linear-seesaw sneutrino sector (nu^c and S superfields with the Y_SL S l H_u term and its sneutrino mass matrices) used in the paper are not established as publicly released, blocking automated spectrum generation.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the linear-seesaw superpotential and soft terms in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's WMAP-band scan features and the neutrino-constraint limit on the inelastic-splitting option.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_03956_non_susy_so10_triplet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-SUSY SO(10) triplet fermion dark matter", "family": "electroweak_triplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.03956", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic/annihilation module computes the Sommerfeld-enhanced freeze-out and late-time <sigma v>_WW for the multi-TeV hyperchargeless SU(2)_L triplet; standard perturbative codes miss the resonance structure that moves the thermal mass target (2.4 vs 2.7 TeV) and enhances indirect signals.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or wrap the published wino-like nonrelativistic potential calculation) with electroweak Sommerfeld factors for the (Sigma^0, Sigma^+-) system including the 166 MeV splitting, covering both freeze-out and v ~ 1e-3 halo velocities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15541_affleck_dine_qball_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine Q-ball gravitino dark matter in gauge-mediated MSSM", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15541", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitino abundance calculator exists that chains Q-ball decay injection, NSP freeze-out/annihilation after injection, NSP decay, and thermal gravitino scattering into a single yield; the card lists the gravitino abundance calculator as unavailable and the thermal-versus-nonthermal channel split is only assumed separable.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Boltzmann module that takes (Q, T_d, n_B/s, NSP species, m_3/2, T_re) and solves NSP number density with Q-ball injection and annihilation, adds standard thermal gravitino production, and outputs Omega_3/2 h^2; validate against the source T_re ~ 1e7 GeV thermal benchmark and Y_N ~ 1e-11 examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_03680_vector_portal_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "TeV-scale Majorana fermion dark matter with a massive vector portal", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.03680", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No released model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or micrOMEGAs/MadDM model files) exists for the chiral-coupled massive vector mediator with Majorana dark matter, so the resonant relic scan, collider event generation, and direct-detection operator matching all start from scratch.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian in FeynRules, export UFO and CalcHEP model files, run micrOMEGAs or MadDM for the resonant freeze-out grid (validating the Omega h^2 = 0.120 boundary and the 0.8 < 2 m_DM/M_med < 1.0 window), and match couplings through DirectDM/DDCalc for nuclear-recoil limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_03680_vector_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "TeV-scale scalar dark matter with a massive vector portal", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.03680", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No released model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or micrOMEGAs/MadDM model files) exists for the chiral-coupled massive vector mediator with scalar dark matter, so the resonant relic scan, collider event generation, and direct-detection operator matching all start from scratch.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian in FeynRules, export UFO and CalcHEP model files, run micrOMEGAs or MadDM for the resonant freeze-out grid (validating the Omega h^2 = 0.120 boundary and the 0.8 < 2 m_DM/M_med < 1.0 window), and match couplings through DirectDM/DDCalc for nuclear-recoil limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_b_scalar_doublet_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation scalar doublet WIMP Case B", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 21.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The catalyzed-BBN constraint on the long-lived charged scalar is only an approximate lifetime label (tau above about 1e3 s); no BBN network calculation with charged-relic catalysis and the actual coannihilation-set primordial X- abundance has been run for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the electroweak-doublet coannihilation freeze-out abundance of X- to a BBN network code extended with catalyzed reactions on charged relics (extending AlterBBN or PRIMAT with the CBBN reaction set), producing a quantitative excluded region in the (tau, Delta m) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_rh_neutrino_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded WIMP with right-handed neutrino mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical relic-density implementation of the N_prime/S plus N_R secluded sector exists; the annihilation cross section and freeze-out are only treated analytically, so the abundance-coupling relation across the hierarchy-dependent parameter space (N_prime vs S dark matter) is not computed to modern precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the N_prime, S, N_R Lagrangian as a CalcHEP/FeynRules model file and compute the relic abundance with micrOMEGAs, scanning m_chi, m_NR, and Y_Nprime over both mass hierarchies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_2326_pq_mssm_axino_thermal_inflation_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "PQ-extended MSSM axino dark matter with thermal inflation", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.2326", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann/decay-network solver evolves the flaton condensate, radiation, thermally generated NLSP, and axino densities through the thermal-inflation reheating epoch at T_d ~ 100 GeV, so the NLSP-decay contribution to the axino abundance (route step s3) is only estimated analytically; standard relic codes (micrOMEGAs, DarkSUSY) assume radiation domination without a decaying flaton.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a stiff-ODE network (or extend micrOMEGAs' non-standard-cosmology freeze-out machinery) with equations for rho_flaton, rho_radiation, n_NLSP, and n_axino including flaton branching fractions and NLSP annihilation/decay, validated by recovering the paper's m_axino ~ 0.9-1 GeV benchmark in the flaton-decay-dominated limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5114_e6ssm_inert_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "E6SSM inert neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5114", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generator or micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation of the E6SSM inert neutralino sector exists, so the Z-pole relic-density benchmarks (m_chi near M_Z/2 with suppressed Z coupling) cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the E6SSM inert Higgsino/singlino sector in SARAH/FeynRules, export a SPheno spectrum generator and CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's benchmark relic densities at the Z resonance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_3967_asymmetric_inelastic_scalar_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric inelastic scalar doublet dark matter from triplet scalar leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.3967", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code implements the coupled triplet-leptogenesis plus inert-doublet evolution for this model: CP-asymmetric triplet decays, lambda5-driven washout, and eta0-eta0* particle-antiparticle oscillations against freeze-out, which together set whether the scalar dark asymmetry survives (the M_eta0 > ~2 TeV condition).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled Boltzmann system as a public module — triplet decay/washout terms (extending a leptogenesis framework such as ULYSSES) plus a density-matrix or oscillation-rate treatment of eta0-eta0* mixing with gauge/Higgs annihilation from micrOMEGAs cross sections — validated against the freeze-out-before-oscillation mass threshold of about 2 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_6189_split_neutrino_sneutrino_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Split-neutrino right-handed sneutrino inflaton dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.6189", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the U(1)_B-L MSSM with a right-handed sneutrino LSP exists per the card, so the freeze-out through B-L gauge interactions for m_N in 100-2000 GeV cannot be computed; the freezeout step names only 'micrOMEGAs or B-L sneutrino relic code' with no model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the B-L MSSM with right-handed sneutrinos in SARAH, generate the spectrum with SPheno, and link the exported model to micrOMEGAs to compute Omega_N h^2 across (m_N, g_B-L, M_B-L).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_2962_z4_two_sector_scalar_semi_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Z4 two-sector scalar semi-annihilation dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2962", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The micrOMEGAs implementation of the Z4 two-sector model (coupled Boltzmann equations for the singlet and inert-doublet-like sectors with semi-annihilation and inter-sector reactions) is not publicly released, so the coupled relic benchmark (total h^2 about 0.1 with comparable components) cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Z4 potential as CalcHEP/FeynRules model files in micrOMEGAs 5+, which handles two dark matter components with semi-annihilation and inter-sector conversion, validating against the paper's total h^2 about 0.1 benchmark with comparable sector abundances.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_0287_susy_scalar_n1_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric scalar N1 cogenesis dark matter model", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_cogenesis_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.0287", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the coupled Boltzmann system for late modulus decay below the QCD phase transition producing N1 dark matter, entropy dilution, and simultaneous baryogenesis from TeV colored mediator decays; standard relic codes (micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY) assume thermal freeze-out histories that the model explicitly bypasses.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled modulus-radiation-N1-mediator Boltzmann equations with branching-fraction and CP-asymmetry parameters as a standalone module (or extension of micrOMEGAs' non-standard-cosmology mode), parameterized by T_R, Br(S to R-odd), M_X, and the lambda couplings, and validate against the paper's benchmark yield and Omega_B/Omega_DM about 1/5.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_4138_pq_leptoquark_diquark_mixed_axion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Peccei-Quinn leptoquark-diquark mixed axion-WIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4138", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO plus micrOMEGAs/MadDM model files) exists for the residual-PQ-Z2 leptoquark-diquark Model II, so the scalar-WIMP relic density, spin-independent cross section, and collider signals cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model in FeynRules from the card's operator list (Higgs-portal quartic, KSVZ Yukawa, leptoquark/diquark couplings), export UFO and CalcHEP files, and validate micrOMEGAs relic and sigma_SI output against the primary 100 GeV to few-TeV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_4749_s3_inert_doublet_split_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 three-Higgs-doublet model with softly split H2^0 inert scalar dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.4749", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public CalcHEP/FeynRules model implementation of the S3 three-Higgs-doublet inert sector with soft Z2-breaking terms exists; the paper used a private implementation, so relic density, sigma_SI, and Br(h -> H2 H2) cannot be regenerated for arbitrary parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the S3 3HDM scalar potential with soft non-diagonal quadratic terms in FeynRules/CalcHEP, export to micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's Scenario 2a/2b/2c benchmark relic densities and branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03166_annihilation_product_direct_detection_dm_v1", "model_name": "Annihilation-product direct-detection dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03166", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The solar capture-and-annihilation calculation needed for the boosted dark-sector flux was never performed, and public capture codes are tailored to standard WIMP-nucleus scattering rather than the model's loop-suppressed or secluded X couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing solar capture module (e.g. the DarkSUSY/Asteria-style capture machinery) to the X capture cross section and X X -> Y Y branching, then propagate the boosted Y flux to large-volume neutrino detectors and direct-detection targets.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_05375_triplet_fermion_dm_type_iii_seesaw_higgs_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) triplet fermion dark matter with type III seesaw Higgs inflation", "family": "minimal_fermion_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.05375", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented relic-abundance calculator for the zero-hypercharge SU(2) triplet including Sommerfeld-enhanced coannihilation of the charged partners at M_DM ~ 2.4 TeV; the boltzmann_solver step has no tool and relies on quoted minimal-dark-matter results.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the triplet (wino-like) multiplet in a micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY model file with Sommerfeld-corrected effective cross sections from the minimal-dark-matter/wino literature, validating against the published 2.4 TeV relic benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_00508_accidental_real_singlet_z2_v1", "model_name": "Accidental real singlet scalar dark matter in scale-invariant local B-L", "family": "accidental_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00508", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the scale-invariant local U(1)_B-L model with the real singlet scalar S, its SM Higgs and dark-Higgs portals, and the Z_B-L sector, so precision relic-density contours (step s2) cannot be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the scale-invariant B-L Lagrangian (S, Phi, Z_B-L, right-handed neutrinos) and run micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 over (m_S, lambda_sh, lambda_sphi, m_ZBL, m_phi), validating against the paper's m_h/2 resonance and few-TeV dark-Higgs portal regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1602_05583_so10_scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) scalar-singlet Higgs-portal dark matter model", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.05583", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the model's multi-stage two-loop RGE running from the weak scale through the intermediate SU(3)xSU(2)xSU(2)xU(1) stage to SO(10), including the 16/126 scalar thresholds, so the perturbativity and radiative-EWSB mass window (1.35-2 TeV) cannot be reproduced or rescanned with varied thresholds.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the two-loop RGEs for both stages with SARAH or PyR@TE, encode the source threshold matching at M_int ~ 1e9 GeV, and release the running-and-EWSB scan as a script coupled to the micrOMEGAs relic calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_08470_scale_invariant_su2x_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant SU(2)_X vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.08470", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) of the classically scale-invariant SU(2)_X vector model exists, so the semiannihilation-capable relic solvers that would otherwise cover the Boltzmann step cannot be applied without first coding the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the renormalizable Lagrangian (dark SU(2)_X gauge sector, scalar doublet plus singlet, right-handed neutrinos) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs with semiannihilation enabled, validating against the paper's x_f of 25-26 and the 710-740 GeV relic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_majorana_dm_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Majorana fermion dark matter with 750 GeV quark-coupled pseudoscalar portal", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model has no numerical implementation (computational_representation is null and no associated code exists), so the thermal relic density and the width-to-cross-section mapping are only available through the paper's narrow-resonance analytic approximation, which loses accuracy near the resonance and threshold regions of the (m_chi, M) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the Majorana-DM-plus-pseudoscalar simplified model in micrOMEGAs or MadDM via a FeynRules/UFO export to compute the relic density and annihilation cross sections beyond the narrow-width approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_00037_electron_flavored_dirac_dm_model_ii_v1", "model_name": "Electron-flavored Dirac dark matter, Model II", "family": "lepton_flavored_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00037", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO, micrOMEGAs or MadDM model files) exists for the Dirac DM plus singly-charged-scalar-singlet Lagrangian, so relic scans and LHC charged-scalar recasts cannot be automated; computational_representation is null and associated code is unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Model II Lagrangian in FeynRules, export UFO/CalcHEP files, validate against the paper's analytic relic contour (lambda_2 about 1.7 at m_chi about 1.5 TeV), and recast S+ pair production through MadGraph with right-handed slepton-like searches in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_08615_neutrinophilic_thdm_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3-stabilized scalar dark matter in neutrinophilic THDM", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.08615", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's micrOMEGAs 4.3.5 implementation of the Z3 nuTHDM+X model (scalar potential with semi-annihilation term S*XXX and Goldstone channels) is not publicly released, so the four relic-density scenarios cannot be reproduced or scanned without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and release micrOMEGAs model files including the Z3 semi-annihilation vertices, validated against the paper's Scenario I-IV benchmark relic densities over m_X = 50-500 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05967_dark_u1x_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Dark U(1)_X Majorana WIMP for b -> s anomalies", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05967", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP or micrOMEGAs model files) exists for the dark U(1)_X Majorana model with N_-/N_+, the q and lepton-like scalars, Z', and dark Higgs H_2, so the relic density across the Yukawa, dark-gauge, and Higgs-portal annihilation scenarios and the spin-independent cross section cannot be computed reproducibly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full Lagrangian in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and reproduce the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours in the three annihilation scenarios plus the sigma_SI(theta_H, M_-) predictions as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_01823_two_scalar_z2_higgs_portal_no_cross_couplings_v1", "model_name": "Two-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal dark matter without singlet-only s-s' cross-couplings", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.01823", "score": 21.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP/CalcHEP model files for the two-real-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal model (no-cross variant) used for the micrOMEGAs relic scan are not publicly released, so the freeze-out and sigma_SI pipeline cannot be rerun without re-implementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the two-scalar potential in LanHEP or FeynRules from the published Lagrangian, export to micrOMEGAs, and validate by reproducing the m_s = 127-277 GeV viable window and the maximum 25 percent relic fraction at m_s = 210 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_01823_two_scalar_z2_higgs_portal_with_cross_couplings_v1", "model_name": "Two-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal dark matter including singlet-only s-s' cross-couplings", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.01823", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public LanHEP/CalcHEP model files or micrOMEGAs implementation of the two-real-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal model with the singlet-only s-s' cross-couplings is released, so the relic-density and sigma_SI scan (including coannihilation with s') cannot be rerun or extended beyond the paper-level windows.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the two-scalar potential with all six portal/cross couplings in LanHEP (or FeynRules/CalcHEP), export to micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's c2 full-DM window (m_s = 240 GeV to 2.7 TeV) and the a2 benchmark near 126 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_06869_so10_u1_higgs_portal_singlet_doublet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1) Higgs-portal singlet-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.06869", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public implementation of this model's low-energy singlet-doublet sector (m_D, m_S, Y_H with the SO(10)-fixed charge assignments) exists in a relic/direct-detection code, so the 57.10-61.23 GeV allowed window and the y_33 <= 1.5e-2 XENON1T bound are stored only as paper-quoted numbers and cannot be re-derived or updated to newer data (route_status: planned, no associated code).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the singlet-doublet Majorana model in micrOMEGAs (an existing singlet-doublet model file can be adapted with the SO(10) parameter relations), couple it to a DDCalc XENON1T/LZ likelihood plus the Planck Omega_DM h^2 = 0.120 target, and validate by recovering the paper's mass window and coupling bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_02718_gauge_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-singlet Z2-odd scalar dark matter in a lepton-specific U(1)_X two-Higgs-doublet model", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.02718", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The micrOMEGAs 4.3.5 implementation of the U(1)_X lepton-specific THDM with the Z2-odd complex singlet phi-prime and exotic charged leptons is not publicly released, so relic-density and annihilation-rate calculations (including the coannihilation regime the paper neglects) cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP from the paper's charge assignments, scalar potential, and exotic-lepton Yukawa terms, export to micrOMEGAs, validate against the paper's three benchmark scenarios and the 0.11 < Omega h^2 < 0.13 scan window, and release the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_04146_chameleon_scalaron_f_r_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "chameleon scalaron dark matter in F(R) gravity with R^2 correction", "family": "modified_gravity_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04146", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public integrator exists for the chameleon scalaron background in F(R)+R^2 gravity: solving phi(t), phi_min(T), and m_phi(T) through the radiation era requires coupling the Einstein-frame equation of motion to the thermal matter trace T_mu^mu(T) from the QCD equation of state, and no such code is identified.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated ODE integrator (standard scipy/Boltzmann-adjacent stack) for the Einstein-frame scalaron with V_eff(phi, T) built from the tabulated lattice-QCD trace anomaly (e.g. the Borsanyi et al. equation of state), reproducing the paper's damped-oscillation behavior as a validation test, and release it with the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_13963_lsp_hilltop_supernatural_inflation_v1", "model_name": "LSP dark matter in Affleck-Dine hilltop supernatural inflation", "family": "supersymmetric_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.13963", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the coupled reheating/gravitino/LSP Boltzmann system of this scenario: thermal LSP production in a low-T_R plasma plus nonthermal production from gravitino and inflaton decay with BBN consistency, which the card itself lists as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY with a reheating-era Boltzmann module that tracks inflaton, gravitino, and LSP number densities as functions of T_R, m_3/2, m_LSP, and sigma_v, including the T_R < 2e10 GeV (100 GeV/m_LSP) production bound and gravitino/BBN decay constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03429_heavy_dark_photon_vll_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like lepton mediated heavy dark photon freeze-out dark matter", "family": "vector_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03429", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/UFO (or equivalent) model implementation of the heavy stable A_H plus charge -1 vector-like lepton simplified model exists, so the MadDM/micrOMEGAs relic-density and sigma_SI calculations used in the paper cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the h A_H A_H portal operator and the A_H-E-lepton interaction in FeynRules with couplings c_AHh and q_H, export a UFO model for MadDM/micrOMEGAs including coannihilation channels, and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours in the compressed and uncompressed regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_03866_y0_inert_triplet_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd Y=0 inert SU(2) triplet scalar dark matter", "family": "electroweak_triplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.03866", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density tool includes the Sommerfeld enhancement and bound-state effects of SU(2)L gauge interactions for the Y=0 scalar triplet near the TeV scale, so the full-relic mass quoted as ~1176 GeV (and hence the quantitative severity of the relic/phase-transition tension) carries an uncontrolled O(10%) uncertainty from tree-level-only freeze-out codes.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or interface a dedicated electroweak-multiplet code following the wino/minimal-dark-matter Sommerfeld literature) with the SU(2)L Sommerfeld factors and coannihilation network for the scalar triplet, and recompute the full-relic mass and the underabundance factor across the FOPT-compatible m_T < ~320 GeV region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_07022_lepton_portal_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal real scalar dark matter with vector-like leptons", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07022", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP files) of the muon-philic scalar plus vector-like lepton doublet-singlet Lagrangian exists, so the micrOMEGAs coannihilation relic calculation and any collider event generation cannot be run out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the L, E, X Lagrangian with mixing in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/UFO model files, and validate the micrOMEGAs relic output against the paper's nearly-degenerate m_E1 < 200 GeV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2206_12624_z3_complex_scalar_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 complex scalar inflaton-dark-matter model", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.12624", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the Z3 complex scalar with Higgs mixing and semi-annihilation: the thermal relic density (including chi chi -> chi* X semi-annihilation channels) and the theta-suppressed nucleon scattering cross section cannot be recomputed without building the model files (associated_code unknown, step s2 tool generic).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z3 complex scalar Lagrangian in FeynRules/CalcHEP and load it into micrOMEGAs, whose discrete-symmetry machinery handles Z3 semi-annihilation; couple the output to a public direct-detection likelihood (e.g. DDCalc with XENON1T/LZ) and validate against the source window |theta| < 0.25, m_chi > 80 GeV, m_h2 > 300 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05487_minimal_light_lepton_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal light lepton portal dark matter", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05487", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP files) exists for the singlet Dirac chi plus extra scalar doublet with flavor-specific lepton-portal Yukawas, blocking reusable relic-density computation and collider event generation.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model in FeynRules, export UFO and CalcHEP files for MadGraph and micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's relic contours and the roughly 350 GeV m_Hplus perturbativity ceiling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05487_singlet_extended_light_lepton_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-extended light lepton portal dark matter", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05487", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or CalcHEP model file) exists for the singlet-extended lepton-portal Lagrangian with the doublet-singlet mixed scalar sector, so the thermal relic abundance mediated by the light singlet-like scalar cannot be computed with standard tools; the paper-level result relies on rescaling the minimal model with m_H -> m_s.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the extended Lagrangian (inert doublet plus Z2-odd singlet with A_S eta^dagger H S mixing and lepton-portal Yukawas) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/UFO files, and run micrOMEGAs to compute Omega h^2 over (m_chi, m_s, theta_s, y_i), validating against the paper's minimal-model rescaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_06195_simplified_nlht_heavy_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Simplified new Littlest Higgs with T-parity heavy photon dark matter", "family": "littlest_higgs_t_parity_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.06195", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP model implementation of the simplified NLHT (heavy photon LTP, T-odd lepton co-annihilators, kappa_l/kappa_q Yukawa structure) used by the paper is not publicly released, so neither the micrOMEGAs relic scan nor any collider study can be rerun for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or reimplement the NLHT Lagrangian in FeynRules and export CalcHEP/UFO model files, validating against the paper's benchmarks (m_lH approximately 1.16 M_AH relic band and kappa_l approximately 0.185 at f = 900 GeV) before public release.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_14882_light_2hdm_scalar_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light two-Higgs-doublet scalar forbidden dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14882", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model implementation exists for the light-2HDM scalar forbidden dark matter Lagrangian in a public relic solver, so the Boltzmann-suppressed forbidden freeze-out (which requires careful thermal averaging across the lepton threshold with splitting Delta) cannot be scanned quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the 2HDM plus scalar-S model with lambda_ab portal couplings and leptophilic Y_l in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs relic scans over (m_DM, m_H, Delta, lambda_12, Y_l) in the forbidden branch, validating threshold thermal averaging against the analytic forbidden-DM treatment.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05380_lowest_energy_higgson_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Lowest-energy higgson WIMP", "family": "electroweak_wimp", "arxiv": "2210.05380", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model file) of the lowest-energy higgson with its second-order W/Z gauge interactions exists, so the MicrOMEGAs relic-density and annihilation results pinning m_h near 70 GeV cannot be reproduced, scanned, or fed into MadDM/MadGraph pipelines.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model of the higgson sector from the parent-theory Lagrangian, export CalcHEP and UFO files, and validate the MicrOMEGAs pipeline against the paper's Omega_DM h^2 = 0.134-0.162 for m_h = 70.5-69.5 GeV and sigma_v = 1.19e-26 cm^3/s.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_00705_dark_sector_seeded_nelson_barr_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Dark-sector seeded Nelson-Barr scalar WIMP", "family": "scalar_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00705", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP files) of the Z8 Nelson-Barr dark sector for a relic-density solver, so the eta_1 freeze-out including the Higgs-resonance dip and the H_1/H_2-mediated channels beyond the minimal singlet case cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the inert scalars eta_i, even scalars H_1/H_2, and portal couplings in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs, and validate by recovering the m_eta1 ~ 62.6 GeV Higgs-resonance dip and the H_1/H_2 annihilation regions reported in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_10898_type_ii_scalar_triplet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II radiative scalar triplet dark matter with vector-like lepton doublets", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10898", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP/micrOMEGAs model implementation for the two-inert-triplet plus vector-like-lepton-doublet field content is not publicly released, so the relic-density and sigma_SI scan cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild and publish the model files: encode the scalar potential, triplet mass matrices, and Yukawa sector in LanHEP (or FeynRules/CalcHEP), validate against the paper's benchmark points near Omega h^2 = 0.12, and release with micrOMEGAs run scripts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_14053_b3_l2_dirac_rh_neutrino_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "B_3-L_2 Dirac right-handed-neutrino thermal dark matter", "family": "gauged_b_minus_l_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.14053", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the U(1)_{B3-L2} Lagrangian (Z' couplings to third-generation quarks, second-generation leptons, and the x_N-charged Dirac state) exists for standard relic and precision-observable pipelines, so the Omega h^2 contours and g-2 overlap cannot be regenerated or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Write and release a FeynRules/LanHEP model file for the B3-L2 gauge sector and run it through micrOMEGAs or MadDM, validating against the paper's Omega_chi h^2 ~ 0.1 contours and the x_N=5, m_chi=5 MeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_05676_lsidm_vectorlike_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Light Self-Interacting Dark Matter (LSIDM) model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05676", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/relic solver is set up for freeze-out in the model's fast-expansion cosmology: existing public codes (micrOMEGAs, MadDM) assume standard radiation domination and there is no public LSIDM model implementation, so the enhanced relic abundance with H(T) boosted by a component redshifting as T^(4+n) down to T_r cannot be computed off the shelf.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the LSIDM Lagrangian in FeynRules/micrOMEGAs and modify the solver's Hubble rate to include the fast-redshifting component parameterized by (n, T_r), following micrOMEGAs' non-standard-cosmology hooks; validate by recovering the paper's relic contours and the T_r > (15.4)^(1/n) MeV BBN condition.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_06469_majorana_majoron_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana Majoron ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.06469", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical transport/Boltzmann implementation exists for spontaneous leptogenesis sourced by the rotating Majoron with Weinberg-operator lepton-number violation, so the baryon-asymmetry and relic-density benchmark can only be reproduced as an order-of-magnitude analytic estimate rather than scanned or used in a numerical likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement coupled equations of motion for the rotating Majoron field plus lepton-number transport equations (chemical potentials with Weinberg-operator and sphaleron rates), e.g. as an extension of an axiogenesis/leptogenesis solver such as ULYSSES, outputting Y_B and Omega_a h^2 over (m_a, f_a, dot theta_i, T_W).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_u1r_u1bl_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_R x U(1)_{B-L} extended-gauge sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 20.8, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public SARAH/SPheno/CalcHEP implementation of the U(1)_R x U(1)_{B-L} sneutrino model is established: the paper's model files, soft-term inputs, and micrOMEGAs interface were not released, so the spectrum and relic/direct-detection pipeline cannot be rerun as-is.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the U(1)_R x U(1)_{B-L} superpotential, extra U(1) charges, and gauge kinetic mixing in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP model files, and link them to a current micrOMEGAs release (5.x) to reproduce the relic-density and sigma_SI scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_4749_s3_two_inert_doublet_degenerate_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 three-Higgs-doublet model with degenerate CP-even inert scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.4749", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation of the S3 three-Higgs-doublet model with two degenerate inert doublets exists, including the two-component freeze-out setup that tracks Omega_H2 and Omega_H3 separately; the paper's implementation is private, so the summed relic density and component fractions cannot be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the S3 3HDM inert sector in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run it through the micrOMEGAs multi-component (two-DM) mode to obtain Omega_H2 h^2, Omega_H3 h^2, and local component fractions, validating against the Scenario 1a/1b benchmarks and annihilation fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03238_flavor_specific_scalar_secluded_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-specific scalar mediator secluded Dirac dark matter", "family": "secluded_scalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03238", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density solver combines secluded freeze-out to scalar mediators with Sommerfeld enhancement, bound-state formation, and early kinetic decoupling (coupled Boltzmann) for this MeV-mediator Dirac dark matter; the paper's DRAKE-based setup covers kinetic decoupling but not bound-state formation, and micrOMEGAs lacks both.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DRAKE (or micrOMEGAs) with Sommerfeld-corrected annihilation and scalar-mediator bound-state formation/dissociation rates following the arXiv:1606.02305 formalism, parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, alpha_chi), and validate against the paper's Case-1/2/3 relic curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_03123_deeply_bound_sexaquark_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Deeply bound uuddss sexaquark dark matter", "family": "sexaquark_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.03123", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/rate solver exists for sexaquark abundance evolution across the QCD transition: the network of XS -> BB' breakup, formation, and baryon statistical-equilibrium reactions around T ~ 150 MeV is outside the scope of standard relic codes such as micrOMEGAs or MadDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a dedicated hadronic-era Boltzmann network (S, baryons, mesons) with the lattice QCD equation of state and parameterized matrix elements from gap_1, verifying the lambda < ~2e-6 non-thermalization boundary and mapping the surviving-abundance contour in (m_S, lambda).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12663_fermionic_u1x_higgs_charge_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic U(1)_X dark matter with Higgs charge and kinetic mixing", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12663", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP or micrOMEGAs model file) exists for the U(1)_X model with both kinetic mixing and a SM-Higgs U(1)_X charge q_H, so the relic-density and direct-detection scans cannot be reproduced or extended with the public tools the paper invokes.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full Lagrangian (kinetic mixing, Z-Z' mass mixing from q_H, dark Yukawa sector) in FeynRules, export UFO/CalcHEP model files, and validate against the paper's m_Zprime=500 GeV scan and the two-order sigma_SI suppression benchmark in micrOMEGAs and MadDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0709_4023_brane_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Stable brane-vector dark matter", "family": "brane_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.4023", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the brane-vector EFT exists: the F_X^-4-suppressed couplings to the SM energy-momentum tensor and hypercharge field strengths (K1, K2) are in no released FeynRules/CalcHEP model, and the authors' custom freeze-out code is unreleased, so Omega_X h^2 across the M_X-F_X-N plane cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the world-volume effective action operators (X_i X_i T_SM / F_X^4 and the K1/K2 hypercharge terms) in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs for the multi-flavor SO(N) freeze-out, and validate against the paper's WMAP-boundary contours (its Fig. 3 red/green regions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1232_s3_schizophrenic_neutrino_rh_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 schizophrenic-neutrino right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1232", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation of the TeV-scale B-L MSSM with a right-handed sneutrino LSP exists in a public relic-density code, so the thermal freeze-out abundance through Z-prime-mediated annihilation cannot be computed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the B-L extended MSSM (Z-prime, RH sneutrinos, B-L Higgs sector) in SARAH/FeynRules and generate a micrOMEGAs or MadDM model file to scan relic density over (m_sneutrino, M_Zprime, g_B-L).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_1411_inert_doublet_new_viable_region_v1", "model_name": "Inert doublet model new viable region", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.1411", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists projecting LHC dilepton-plus-MET searches (Run 1 in the card, and later runs) onto the specific A0/H+- mass splittings of the new relic-density-compatible region, so the complementary collider exclusion cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast electroweak-ino/slepton dilepton-plus-MET searches onto inert-scalar pair production using MadGraph event generation with the public IDM UFO model plus CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 recast cards, scanning the mass splittings allowed by the relic-density band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_0103_scale_invariant_hidden_pion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant hidden-sector pion cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0103", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation (model file or code) exists for hidden-pion relic abundance, spin-independent nuclear scattering, and invisible scalar branching fractions through the singlet/Higgs mixing portal; the card lists computational_representation as null and has_associated_code: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the effective pion-singlet-Higgs Lagrangian (from gap_1) as a FeynRules/CalcHEP model and run micrOMEGAs to compute Omega h^2, sigma_SI, and the mixed-scalar invisible widths across the (m_pi_h, lambda_SH, lambda_k, theta) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_0969_rnumdm_majorana_quintuplet_v1", "model_name": "Radiative seesaw minimal dark matter Majorana quintuplet model", "family": "radiative_seesaw_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.0969", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes Sommerfeld-enhanced (and bound-state-corrected) coannihilation freeze-out for the SU(2)_L Majorana quintuplet, so the 9-10 TeV thermal mass window that anchors both the relic constraint and the direct-detection mass prediction cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled-channel Sommerfeld/bound-state freeze-out for electroweak n-plets (following the Cirelli-Mitridate-Panci-Redigolo minimal-dark-matter treatments) as a micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY extension parameterized by multiplet dimension and mass, and validate against the published quintuplet mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_2962_z3_scalar_semi_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Z3 symmetric scalar semi-annihilation dark matter", "family": "discrete_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2962", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The micrOMEGAs implementation of the Z3 mixed singlet-doublet scalar model (with the x1 x1 -> x1* h semi-annihilation channel) used in the paper is not publicly released, so the freeze-out benchmark (Omega h^2 = 0.105, 54 percent semi-annihilation) cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Z3 scalar potential via FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, which supports semi-annihilation natively, and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.105 benchmark with 54 percent semi-annihilation fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_4321_pmssm_gravitino_lsp_model_set_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM gravitino LSP model set", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.4321", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The NLSP-to-gravitino decay module (lifetimes and hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions for varying NLSP identity and gravitino mass from eV to TeV) exists only as a private modification of SUSY-HIT, so tau_NLSP and injection spectra cannot be recomputed publicly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the goldstino-coupling NLSP decay widths (suppressed by the SUSY-breaking scale F) as a public extension of SUSY-HIT or a micrOMEGAs add-on module, covering neutralino, slepton, stop, and gluino NLSP cases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1077_scalar_singlet_triplet_z2_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scalar singlet-triplet Z2 dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1077", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public FeynRules/SARAH model file plus micrOMEGAs implementation of the Z2-odd singlet-triplet scalar potential is released, so the paper's relic-density scan over (m_1, theta, delta, lambda_11, lambda_22) with coannihilation cannot be reproduced directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full scalar potential in SARAH or FeynRules with the paper's conventions, export to micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP, and validate against the pure-singlet and pure-triplet limiting cases and the paper's scenario bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3739_big_bang_dark_nucleosynthesis_nuclear_dm_v1", "model_name": "Big-Bang Dark Nucleosynthesis nuclear dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3739", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the BBDN fusion/fission reaction network: the dark-nucleus size distribution over dark nucleon number A (up to ~1e8) is known only in the paper's analytic efficient-fusion and bottleneck limits, so general (m1, E_b, sigma1, T_b/T) parameter points cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Smoluchowski-type coagulation network solver with the paper's geometric fusion cross-section scaling laws, dissociation freeze-out, and optional small-A bottlenecks, validated by recovering the logarithmically peaked distribution in the efficient-fusion regime and the bottleneck-controlled large-A tail.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1501_05375_fiveplet_fermion_dm_type_i_seesaw_higgs_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) fiveplet fermion dark matter with type I seesaw Higgs inflation", "family": "minimal_fermion_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.05375", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented relic-abundance calculator for the SU(2) fiveplet with zero hypercharge including Sommerfeld-enhanced coannihilation of the multiplet components at M_DM ~ 4.4 TeV; the card's boltzmann_solver step has no tool and relies on quoted minimal-dark-matter results.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the fiveplet in a micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY model file and add Sommerfeld-corrected effective annihilation cross sections following the minimal-dark-matter literature, validating against the published 4.4 TeV relic benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_06193_dark_left_right_scotino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark left-right scotino dark matter", "family": "left_right_symmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.06193", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the dark left-right model's leptophilic sector (scotino, charged/doubly charged triplet Higgs, generalized R-parity) exists for a relic solver, so the coannihilation relic density and internal-bremsstrahlung annihilation spectra cannot be recomputed; the paper's tools (PPPC4DMID, GALPROP) are generic analysis codes, not a DLRM implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the scotino-triplet sector including the c_d Yukawa and near-degenerate Delta_R+ spectrum, export to micrOMEGAs for coannihilation relic density and mu+mu-(gamma) internal-bremsstrahlung spectra, and validate against the published m_chi=800 GeV, z=1.02 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1504_03610_two_portal_fermionic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-portal fermionic dark matter model", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.03610", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The authors' LanHEP/CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model files for the two-portal U(1)-prime Lagrangian are not public, so annihilation cross sections and the relic density cannot be recomputed without reimplementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the published renormalizable Lagrangian (Dirac chi, complex scalar phi, leptophobic Z-prime, Higgs-mixed scalar) in FeynRules or LanHEP, export CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's viable-mass-range and 34 GeV b-bbar benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1504_07970_susy_su2h_confinement_z2_r_parity_dm_v1", "model_name": "SUSY SU(2)_H confinement model with Z2- and R-parity dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.07970", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical implementation exists for the model's relic density, direct-detection rate, radiative neutrino masses, and LFV rates; the paper's combined checks are benchmark assertions with no reusable code or likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the low-energy effective model in SARAH/FeynRules, generate SPheno and micrOMEGAs model files to compute the relic abundance, sigma_DD, neutrino mass matrix, and LFV rates, and validate against the paper's benchmark table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_01903_vector_like_sneutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "vector-like sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.01903", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generator or micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the MSSM plus vector-like lepton doublets plus right-handed neutrino sector; the authors' FeynRules-generated CalcHEP files were never released, so relic density with slepton coannihilation and sigma_SI cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's superpotential and soft terms in FeynRules (or SARAH), export CalcHEP/UFO model files including the split CP-even/CP-odd sneutrino states and coannihilating sleptons, validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1199 benchmarks and the 370 GeV all-slepton coannihilation point, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_06834_scale_invariant_su2_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant SU(2)_DM vector dark matter with leptogenesis", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.06834", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs (or equivalent) model implementation exists for the SU(2)_DM vector triplet with semi-annihilation, so the relic-density scan and the phi < 17 TeV overclosure boundary cannot be independently recomputed at new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the scale-invariant SU(2)_DM Lagrangian (three degenerate Z' states, scalar mixing, semi-annihilation vertices) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and load it into micrOMEGAs, which supports semi-annihilation natively; validate against the published scan boundaries.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02699_u1_vectorlike_quark_inert_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1) vector-like quark model with inert scalar dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02699", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP) exists for the gauged U(1) model with Z2-odd vector-like quarks and complex inert scalar DM, so the pole-aware resonant relic density and the loop-induced spin-independent scattering cross section cannot be recomputed with standard solvers.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian (Z-prime, three vector-like quark doublets, inert complex scalar) in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs, and use its resonance-aware thermal averaging for Omega h^2 plus its loop-level effective-coupling machinery for sigma_SI; validate against the paper's m_Zprime ~ 2 m_eta strip.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11541_scale_invariant_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant two-singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.11541", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The micrOMEGAs implementation of the two-singlet scale-invariant model used for the relic-density scan is not published, so the combined relic-density plus direct-detection plus phase-transition scan cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the h-s-s' scalar potential in FeynRules/CalcHEP, export micrOMEGAs model files, validate against the paper's m_sprime > 4.5 TeV and m_s > 200 GeV benchmarks, and release the files with the scan scripts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1811_12388_partially_composite_susy_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter in partially composite supersymmetry", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1811.12388", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented pipeline computes the combined thermal (T_R-dependent scattering) and nonthermal (NLSP superWIMP) gravitino yield for this spectrum; the card records only analytic estimates and flags that precision requires a yield code coupling NLSP freeze-out to gravitino production.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY NLSP freeze-out output with the standard thermal gravitino production rate (Bolz-Brandenburg-Buchmuller/Pradler-Steffen formulas) in a scan script over (T_R, m_3/2, m_g, m_NLSP), validated against the paper's reheating-temperature contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_09582_secluded_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Secluded vector dark matter with hidden scalar mediator", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09582", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver reproduces the paper's coupled Boltzmann moment equations for the secluded sector: X and S number densities and separate hidden-sector temperatures, including cannibal 3-to-2 reactions, hidden-sector kinetic decoupling, and out-of-equilibrium S decay in the small-mixing nonconventional regimes.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a moment-based freeze-out code such as DRAKE, or the hidden-sector temperature machinery in micrOMEGAs 6, to two coupled hidden species with independent temperature evolution and late S decay, validated against the paper's m_X = 80 GeV benchmark relic curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_10185_u1x_majorana_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Extra U(1)_X right-handed Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "z_prime_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.10185", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implementation of this U(1)_X model (chi_1 with axial-vector X couplings and chi_2 co-annihilation controlled by the S_1R-S_2R mixing angle and mass gap) exists in a public relic-density code, so the Planck band Omega h^2 = 0.1188-0.1212 cannot be independently mapped onto (m_chi1, M_X, g_X, theta, delta); the route lists a Boltzmann freeze-out solver as a required but absent resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model file in FeynRules with the paper's charge assignment n1 = n4 = 1/sqrt(2), export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and use micrOMEGAs' co-annihilation machinery to recompute Omega h^2 across the scanned ranges, validating against the paper's allowed contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_bl_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic U(1) B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the inelastic B-L scalar model exists: the S/P coannihilation relic density with the off-diagonal Z-prime coupling, Higgs-portal cross sections, and present-day annihilation are all computed privately in the paper, with no FeynRules/CalcHEP files or micrOMEGAs port released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet U(1) B-L scalar sector (S, P, Z', h/H mixing) in FeynRules and export to micrOMEGAs, which already treats coannihilation automatically; validate against the paper's m_S-m_Z_prime relic curves at the benchmark splitting m_P - m_S = 0.01 m_S.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_05437_faser_fermionic_dark_sector_cascade_v1", "model_name": "FASER fermionic dark-sector cascade model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05437", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic abundance is set only by an approximate analytic pb-scale freeze-out target; no Boltzmann relic-density implementation of the Y anti-Y to neutral-intermediate annihilation with the V mediator exists, so the coupling-relic relation g_Y(m_V, m_Y) carries uncontrolled precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the simplified model (Y, X, V, neutral scalar intermediates and their couplings) in micrOMEGAs or MadDM via a FeynRules/UFO model file and solve the freeze-out Boltzmann equations, verifying the benchmark g_Y about 0.07 (m_V/10 GeV)^1/2 relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_05437_faser_scalar_dark_sector_cascade_v1", "model_name": "FASER scalar dark-sector cascade model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05437", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The scalar relic abundance and the late X-pair depletion condition (lambda_2 above about 1e-4 m_X/GeV) rest on analytic cross-section estimates only; no coupled Boltzmann implementation of the lambda_2/lambda_3 quartic annihilations exists, so the freeze-out and X-depletion coupling targets carry uncontrolled precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar X/Y model with its quartic couplings (lambda_1, lambda_2, lambda_3) in micrOMEGAs or MadDM via a FeynRules/UFO model file and solve the coupled Y freeze-out and late X-depletion Boltzmann equations, verifying the paper's lambda benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_08205_three_scalar_inelastic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-scalar inelastic scalar dark matter model for muon g-2 and XENON1T", "family": "inelastic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.08205", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for the three-scalar model with nearly degenerate components, trilinear mediator couplings, and Z3 semi-annihilation, so the claimed simultaneous relic/CMB-safe solution cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full scalar potential and effective lepton Yukawas in micrOMEGAs (which supports Z3 semi-annihilation) and solve the coupled Boltzmann equations for both dark scalar components and the Z3 scalar, verifying the subdominant Z3 fraction below about 1e-3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_10513_leptophilic_scalar_u1_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar dark matter in a gauged U(1)_ model", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.10513", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or CalcHEP model file) exists for this gauged U(1) extension with vector-like quarks and leptons, inert scalars eta_l/eta_q, and the Z-prime, so the relic density near the Z-prime resonance cannot be computed with micrOMEGAs and the four-muon and dimuon+MET LHC signatures cannot be simulated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model in FeynRules from the paper's Lagrangian, export UFO and CalcHEP files, compute the relic density and annihilation cross sections with micrOMEGAs (validating against the source 0.11 < Omega h^2 < 0.13 band and narrow g_prime-q_x region), and simulate the multimuon and dimuon+MET channels with MadGraph5+Pythia+Delphes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_10159_conformal_o_n_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant O(N) scalar dark matter with singlet mediator", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.10159", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation of the O(N) conformal scalar model used by the authors is not public, so the relic-density and sigma_SI pipeline cannot be rerun or extended (e.g. to updated direct-detection limits or N other than 2) without re-implementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the H-S-phi scalar potential in FeynRules/CalcHEP for micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's Omega_CDM h^2 band and the M_phi ~ 1070 GeV lower bound, then refresh s4 with current LZ/XENONnT limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_10759_stueckelberg_u1x_scotogenic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stueckelberg U(1)_X scotogenic fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.10759", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the U(1)_X Stueckelberg scotogenic sector: the authors' micrOMEGAs 5.2.4 vertices are unreleased, so relic density, sigma_N, and LFV rates cannot be recomputed or scanned beyond the paper's benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model (N, two inert doublets, Stueckelberg Z-prime) in SARAH/FeynRules to auto-generate micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP files for relic density and scattering plus SPheno/FlavorKit output for mu -> e gamma, mu -> 3e, and mu-e conversion, validating against the paper's viable (m_N, g_X) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_04035_complex_singlet_pseudoscalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex singlet scalar model with stable pseudoscalar A dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.04035", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator gives the one-loop spin-independent DM-nucleon cross section for the CxSM pseudoscalar: the tree-level rate is velocity suppressed to irrelevance, so the direct-detection observable cannot be evaluated with standard tools, which stop at tree level.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the published one-loop CxSM pseudoscalar-nucleon matching as a public module (extending micrOMEGAs or a DirectDM/DirectDet-style effective-operator pipeline) and compare against current XENONnT/LZ limits and the neutrino floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_12430_su2d_gauge_boson_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D isospin-charged gauge-boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12430", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or CalcHEP model file) of the SU(2)_D gauge sector with dark Higgs doublet, Higgs bi-doublet, and vector-like leptons exists, so the forbidden V+V- -> V0V0 freeze-out and the Higgs-mediated nucleon cross section cannot be computed with micrOMEGAs/MadDM despite those solvers supporting forbidden channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the full SU(2)_D Lagrangian in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/UFO, and run micrOMEGAs for the forbidden-channel relic density and spin-independent nucleon cross section (fed to DDCalc for the XENON1T likelihood), validating against the paper's relic-density corridor and shaded XENON1T exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05680_scalar_condensate_ew_snr_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-condensate electroweak non-restoration dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05680", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/kinetic solver exists for oscillation-assisted depletion of an asymmetric scalar condensate: the coupled evolution of phi and phi-dagger number densities under a small U(1)-breaking oscillation term, charge washout, and Higgs-mediated annihilation is treated only by the paper's simplified estimate, which the paper itself flags as needing dedicated study.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and implement momentum-integrated kinetic equations for the phi/phi-dagger system with an oscillation source term (analogous to oscillating asymmetric-dark-matter treatments), Higgs-mediated annihilation, and elastic-scattering-induced decoherence, as a standalone solver or an extension of a micrOMEGAs-style asymmetric-freeze-out module; validate against the paper's H_ann/H_WIMP scaling limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_13361_muon_specific_scalar_dm_modular_a4_u1h_v1", "model_name": "Muon-specific real scalar dark matter in a modular A4 hidden U(1)_H quark-lepton model", "family": "flavor_specific_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.13361", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic density is computed with an analytic x_F ~ 25 freeze-out approximation for a strongly d-wave-suppressed cross section, without coannihilation with the nearby CP-odd partner phi_u_I or the charged lepton E, which the collider-favored small mass splittings make relevant.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs (via the FeynRules/CalcHEP interface) to solve the full Boltzmann equation with thermal averaging of the v^4-suppressed cross section and phi_u_I/E coannihilations, and re-derive the f_mu(m_phi, m_E) relation used in the relic/g-2 overlap.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13607_z2_complex_scalar_scattering_adm_v1", "model_name": "Z_2 complex scalar singlet asymmetric dark matter from CP-violating scatterings", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13607", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code solves asymmetric freeze-out driven by CP-violating 2-to-2 self-scatterings (phi phi to anti-phi anti-phi and conversion channels) coupled to CP-conserving pair annihilation; standard tools like micrOMEGAs assume CP-conserving networks and cannot track the particle-antiparticle yield split of this model, and the thesis integrator is unreleased.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the thesis's coupled Y_phi/Y_antiphi Boltzmann network with the unitarity-constrained CP-violating rates as a standalone integrator (or a micrOMEGAs extension supplying the asymmetric collision terms), validated against the symmetric-WIMP and fully-asymmetric limiting cases the thesis checks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_16480_minimal_susy_u1x_gaugino_singlet_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-parity-conserving minimal SUSY U(1)_X gaugino-singlet neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.16480", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (SARAH/FeynRules to micrOMEGAs pipeline) exists for the minimal SUSY U(1)_X gaugino-singlet neutralino, so the resonance-sensitive relic density (which depends on the Z-prime width including the invisible channel and the chi_l-chi_h mixing) cannot be recomputed or scanned outside the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_X superfield content and neutralino mass matrix in SARAH, generate SPheno spectra and a micrOMEGAs model, and validate against the paper's benchmark (m_Zprime=4.5 TeV, x_H=-0.5, alpha_gX about 0.00793 reaching Omega h^2=0.12).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05799_so10_split_susy_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-parity neutralino dark matter in a split-SUSY SO(10) GUT", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05799", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No pipeline connects the SO(10) split-SUSY benchmark parameters (M_SUSY, M_W, GUT-scale boundary conditions) to a low-scale neutralino spectrum and a quantitative relic-density calculation; the paper relies on generic wino/higgsino mass guidance, and the composition-dependent relic abundance and direct-detection predictions for BP1-BP3 are never computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a split-SUSY spectrum interface (RGE running from the GUT benchmarks to the electroweakino sector) feeding micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY, including Sommerfeld-corrected annihilation for TeV winos/higgsinos and coannihilation/heavy-Higgs resonance effects, to turn the quoted mass windows into computed Omega h^2 and sigma_SI values per benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_08883_inert_doublet_triplet_vll_assisted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet scalar dark matter assisted by a Y=1 vector-like triplet lepton", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08883", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP model files implement the inert doublet plus Y=1 vector-like triplet lepton with the tiny lambda_N dark Yukawa, so the coupled scalar-triplet Boltzmann evolution (coannihilation plus late decays) cannot be rerun in micrOMEGAs.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and use darkOmegaNTR to reproduce the source relic heat maps including the compressed-spectrum coannihilation and lambda_N-controlled decay terms.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412048_gmsb_messenger_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "GMSB messenger-sector scalar dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_messenger_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412048", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the extended GMSB messenger sector (phi0/phi+ with lambda_S, lambda_N, eta_S, eta_N, k couplings) exists in a relic-density code, so the 13-30 TeV thermal window, coannihilation with the charged state, and the charged-neutral splitting cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the messenger-sector Lagrangian in FeynRules and run it through micrOMEGAs or MadDM to compute Omega h^2 with phi+/phi0 coannihilation, checking for Sommerfeld/bound-state effects relevant at 20-30 TeV, and validate against the source M=50/150 TeV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_06586_so_2n_baryonic_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(2N) baryonic glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.06586", "score": 19.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented module computes the baryonic glueball relic abundance from the Kibble-Zurek-like confinement production mechanism (bubble statistics, Z2-charge trapping, ordinary-glueball decay dilution); the abundance exists only as a hand estimate with O(1) uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a semi-analytic production code that evolves the confinement phase transition bubble/correlation-length statistics, tracks the Z2-charged remnant number density, and applies entropy dilution from ordinary glueball decays, parameterized by (N, Lambda, a, b) and validated against the paper's N-Lambda abundance band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_l_violating_operator_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with lepton-number violating transfer operators", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code tracks the coupled X-lepton-baryon chemical-potential evolution through sphaleron decoupling, including the lepton-number bleed-off regime where continued X-L transfer below sphaleron freeze-out depletes X number; the route's required chemical-potential solver and asymmetric-abundance calculator exist only as the paper's analytic approximations.", "proposed_resolution": "Build (or extend micrOMEGAs' asymmetric-abundance module into) a coupled Boltzmann/chemical-potential solver spanning sphaleron decoupling and operator decoupling, so the bleed-off Omega_DM/Omega_B prediction is numerical rather than an instantaneous-decoupling estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7495_nonthermal_hypercharged_multiplet_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal hypercharged multiplet dark matter from reheating", "family": "hypercharged_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7495", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The chain from a detected mass to a reheating-temperature window relies on the paper's analytic freeze-in-during-reheating estimate; no reusable numerical Boltzmann/reheating calculator that tracks the bath-scattering source between T_max and T_R for general multiplet dimension k and hypercharge Y is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the number-density Boltzmann equation with the reheating-era temperature evolution and the electroweak pair-production source term for general (k, Y), validating against the paper's forecast that a detection at M_DM about 1e10-1e11 GeV pins T_R to roughly 1e7-1e9 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_03765_model_b_dark_radiation_inert_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Model B radiative-seesaw dark matter with dark radiation", "family": "radiative_seesaw_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.03765", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the Model B Z2 x Z2' Lagrangian exists, so the eta_R relic density, Higgs-portal sigma_SI, and LFV rates cannot be computed or scanned jointly; only the analytic Delta N_eff relation is currently evaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in SARAH/FeynRules to generate a CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model for the eta_R freeze-out and direct detection, and SPheno+FlavorKit output for the LFV branching ratios, then scan (m_eta_R, lambda_2, lambda_3, Yukawa matrix) against LZ/XENONnT limits via DDCalc and MEG/mu-to-e limits, validating against the paper's 250-500 GeV viable region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_scalar_dm_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/calcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files for the leptophilic scalar-DM scalar-mediator simplified model are not publicly released, so the annihilation, loop-induced nucleon scattering, and relic-density pipeline cannot be rerun without re-implementing the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the scalar-DM plus spin-0 mediator Lagrangian (scalar and pseudoscalar lepton couplings) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/UFO model files for micrOMEGAs, validate against the paper's relic-density and <sigma v>_0 benchmarks, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_scalar_dm_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar WIMP with vector mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/calcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files for the complex-scalar-DM leptophilic Z-prime simplified model are not publicly released, so the relic-density and scattering pipeline cannot be rerun without re-implementing the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the complex-scalar DM current coupled to a leptophilic Z-prime (vector and axial-vector lepton couplings) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/UFO files for micrOMEGAs, validate against the paper's relic-density benchmarks and its velocity-suppression conclusion, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_10015_blsmis_kev_s1_fimp_wdm_v1", "model_name": "BLSMIS keV S_1^1 freeze-in warm dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.10015", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the BLSMIS freeze-in calculation: the paper used SARAH plus SPheno/micrOMEGAs and a custom freeze-in integrator for nonthermal Z' production, but no model files or repository are released, so the relic-density benchmarks cannot be reproduced or scanned by third parties.", "proposed_resolution": "Release (or rebuild) the SARAH BLSMIS model files and implement the nonthermal-Z' freeze-in yield calculation in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module, validating against the paper's single-component benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11254_tsallis_wimp_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Tsallis-statistics WIMP freeze-out", "family": "thermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11254", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public freeze-out solver supports Tsallis q-deformed equilibrium distributions with a time-dependent q(x) relaxation in the Boltzmann collision term; the paper's custom integrator is unreleased and standard relic codes assume Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a lightweight single-species freeze-out integrator with the q-generalized distributions and collision term, parameterized by (q0, q(x) relaxation, m_chi, <sigma v>), validating against the paper's q0=1 canonical target (2.2-2.6e-26 cm^3/s) and the q0=1.05, 100 GeV benchmark near 3e-34 cm^3/s.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2012_15284_resonance_scanning_higgs_portal_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Resonance-scanning Higgs-portal light fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2012.15284", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/relic-abundance solver supports a temperature-dependent dark matter mass crossing the Higgs resonance with the paper's kinetic-equilibrium and adiabaticity validity checks; the published yield rests on private custom integration, so the resonance-scanning relic prediction cannot be independently evaluated or scanned over parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public relic framework (e.g. add m_DM(T) support to micrOMEGAs' thermally averaged cross-section machinery or to a DRAKE-style momentum-averaged solver), including automated Gamma_scatt/H and mass-change adiabaticity monitors, validated against the paper's benchmark yield.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2101_11019_asymmetrically_reheated_twin_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetrically reheated Twin Higgs Portal scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.11019", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation of the Twin Higgs Portal scalar exists: the freeze-out yield Y_f including twin-sector Higgs-mediated annihilation channels (and the pNGB/radial-mode mediator structure) is not available in stock micrOMEGAs/MadDM model libraries.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the THPDM Lagrangian (S with lambda_HS coupling to both H_A and H_B, twin Higgs spectrum) and run it through micrOMEGAs to compute Y_f and sigma_SI across (m_S, lambda_HS, f/v).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2101_11019_asymmetrically_reheated_twin_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetrically reheated Twin Higgs Portal scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.11019", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No asymmetric-reheating module exists that solves the coupled reheater-decay and two-sector (visible/twin) temperature evolution to predict the dilution factor D, T_RH, and residual Delta N_eff self-consistently; the card's route relies on instantaneous-decay analytic estimates whose quantitative mapping is reheater-implementation dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Boltzmann/Friedmann solver for the long-lived reheater Q (or X/right-handed neutrino) energy density decaying preferentially into the visible sector, tracking both sector entropies through BBN, parameterized by (Gamma_Q, branching asymmetry, initial twin temperature), and validate against the paper's O(100-1000) dilution benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_05684_z3_scalar_semiproduction_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scalar dark matter with semi-production freeze-in", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.05684", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No validated public solver exists for semi-production freeze-in: the mechanism requires coupled Boltzmann evolution of both the DM yield and a temperature-like second moment with an initial seed abundance Y_in, which standard relic codes (micrOMEGAs, MadDM) do not support, and the cited BoltzmannEquation repository is undocumented in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Audit and document the cited dkaramit/BoltzmannEquation code against the paper's benchmark scans, or implement the coupled (n, T_DM) moment equations with Y_in as input in a DRAKE-style coupled-Boltzmann framework, validating that scan points reproduce Omega h^2 = 0.12.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05653_type_ii_2hdms_pseudoscalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II 2HDMS with pseudoscalar singlet dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05653", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SARAH model definition and derived SPheno/micrOMEGAs implementation of the Type-II 2HDMS with pseudoscalar singlet A_S were not publicly released, so the full spectrum-to-observables pipeline cannot be rerun without re-creating the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-create the CP-conserving Type-II 2HDMS in SARAH, regenerate the SPheno spectrum code and micrOMEGAs model files, validate against the paper's benchmark point (m_h1 ~ 95 GeV, BR_inv ~ 0.25) and Planck/LZ filters, and publish the model package.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12473_type_ii_2hdm_real_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II 2HDM with real singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12473", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's FeynRules/SARAH model files and micrOMEGAs inputs for the Type-II 2HDM plus real singlet are not public, so the relic-density, direct-detection, and two-loop RGE pipeline cannot be run without re-implementing the model from the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Type-II 2HDM+S scalar potential and Yukawa assignments in FeynRules/SARAH, export to micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 and sigma_SI and to 2HDME for two-loop running with stability/unitarity checks, and validate against the paper's 62.5, 200, and 400 GeV benchmark statements.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12473_type_x_2hdm_real_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-X 2HDM with real singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12473", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's FeynRules/SARAH model files and micrOMEGAs inputs for the Type-X 2HDM plus real singlet are not public, so the relic-density, direct-detection, and two-loop RGE pipeline cannot be run without re-implementing the model from the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Type-X 2HDM+S scalar potential and lepton-specific Yukawa assignments in FeynRules/SARAH, export to micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 and sigma_SI and to 2HDME for two-loop running with stability/unitarity checks, and validate against the paper's 62.5, 200, and 400 GeV benchmark statements.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_04627_z3_inert_doublet_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 inert doublet-singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.04627", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation combines the Z3 inert doublet-singlet matrix elements (annihilation, co-annihilation, semi-annihilation) with a DRAKE-style coupled Boltzmann treatment of early kinetic decoupling; the paper's FeynCalc+DRAKE+micrOMEGAs pipeline is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z3 model files in micrOMEGAs (CalcHEP model) and couple its semi-annihilation rates into DRAKE's cBE mode with the gamma/H(x=100) switching criterion used in the paper, then release the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_02906_leptophilic_scalar_mediator_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal leptophilic Majorana dark matter with CP-even scalar mediator", "family": "leptophilic_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.02906", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or CalcHEP model files) exists for the Majorana DM plus CP-even leptophilic scalar mediator with mass-proportional lepton couplings, so relic contours and collider signal rates cannot be regenerated with standard pipelines.", "proposed_resolution": "Write the four-parameter (m_chi, m_phi, g_chi, g_e) Lagrangian in FeynRules, export UFO for MadGraph/MadDM and CalcHEP for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's thermal-target contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1406_0228_asymmetric_right_handed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric right-handed sneutrino dark matter in a supersymmetric neutrinophilic Higgs model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.0228", "score": 19.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public numerical implementation of the model exists (associated_code unknown): the asymmetric freeze-out with a free asymmetry parameter C and the neutrinophilic-sector spectrum are handled only with paper-level analytic formulae, limiting precision scans over (M_N2, M_Hnu, M_Hnuino, y_nu, C).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the supersymmetric neutrinophilic Higgs sector and run micrOMEGAs in its asymmetric-dark-matter mode to compute the coupled particle/antiparticle relic densities, cross sections, and Delta N_eff-relevant rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_3460_large_volume_light_modulus_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-volume light modulus dark matter", "family": "moduli_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.3460", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann history solver exists for the coherent-modulus cosmology of this model — scalar domination, heavy-modulus reheating, a late thermal-inflation/trapping epoch, and entropy injection — so the residual fraction Omega_phi/Omega_DM (the dominant nuisance for all observables) can only be estimated by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a coupled background solver (modulus field, heavy-modulus decay products, radiation, thermal-inflation flaton) parameterized by (m_phi, m_heavy, initial displacement, N_TI, T_R) that outputs residual Omega_phi and the BBN-era reheating temperature, validating against the paper's overclosure and dilution estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0709_3918_nonthermal_neutralino_mirage_mediation_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal neutralino dark matter in mirage mediation", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.3918", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the nonthermal relic calculation in a modulus-dominated era: the coupled modulus/radiation/neutralino Boltzmann equations with direct LSP injection (branching B_chi) and S-wave residual annihilation near the Higgs resonance were implemented only in an unreleased modified DarkSUSY routine.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' non-standard cosmology interface or DarkSUSY with a modulus-decay module taking (m_T, Gamma_T, B_chi) and evolving through T_T into residual annihilation, validated against the paper's benchmark (T_T = 170 MeV at m_T = 1000 TeV) and its WMAP-band viable region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0902_2510_cmssm_rhn_gravitino_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM with GUT-scale right-handed neutrino, gravitino LSP, and sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0902.2510", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public nuCMSSM pipeline exists for this scenario: a spectrum generator including the GUT-scale right-handed-neutrino RGE effects that make the left sneutrino the NLSP, coupled to a relic calculator for the sneutrino would-be abundance Omega_snu h^2 that feeds the gravitino abundance formula.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the MSSM-plus-type-I-seesaw model in SARAH to produce a two-loop SPheno spectrum generator (or add y_N/M_N running to SOFTSUSY), pass the low-energy spectrum to micrOMEGAs for the sneutrino freeze-out abundance, and add the standard thermal gravitino production rate as a function of reheating temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0907_1894_so10_scalar_16_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal non-SUSY SO(10) scalar 16 dark matter", "family": "gut_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0907.1894", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the SO(10) scalar-16 singlet-doublet dark sector: the FeynRules interactions and the one-loop RGE setup running GUT-scale quartics to the weak scale are described but unreleased, so the mass window, relic density, and lambda_eff cannot be recomputed automatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the H_1-S-H_2 scalar potential in SARAH (which yields the one-loop RGEs plus CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model files), validate against the paper's 70 GeV to 2 TeV thermal window and TeV-scale sigma_SI lower-bound scaling, and rerun the relic scan with the Planck abundance and measured 125 GeV Higgs mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_2704_affleck_dine_radiative_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine radiative neutrino mass model with two dark matter components", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.2704", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical implementation of the exact supersymmetric radiative-neutrino model (MSSM plus N_i, eta_u, eta_d, chi with R parity and Z_2) exists: there is no spectrum generator model file and no two-component relic/LFV code, so all quantitative predictions currently rely on close-model-variant recasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the superpotential in SARAH to generate SPheno spectrum/LFV routines and a micrOMEGAs model, then use micrOMEGAs' two-component dark matter mode to compute Omega_neutralino and Omega_N1 together with mu -> e gamma and related LFV rates for the paper's TeV-scale benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_4614_two_singlet_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-real-singlet light scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4614", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical implementation of the two-real-singlet model (S0 dark matter plus mixed h1/h2 spectrum) exists in a relic-density/cross-section code, so the thermal freeze-out abundance, sigma_SI, and scalar branching fractions cannot be scanned over the 1-20 GeV S0 range reproducibly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet Lagrangian in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run it through micrOMEGAs to compute the freeze-out relic density, sigma_SI, and h1/h2 branching fractions, validating against the paper's 1-20 GeV S0 scan and the 20-70 GeV / 280-400 GeV scalar-mass windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5488_e6ssm_inert_neutralino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "E(6)SSM inert-neutralino cold dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5488", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public E(6)SSM inert-sector model implementation exists: neither a spectrum generator producing the inert singlino/Higgsino masses and mixing matrix nor the corresponding CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, so the spectrum and relic-density steps that feed every observable cannot be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the E(6)SSM inert neutralino/chargino sector (superpotential trilinears and mass matrices from the thesis) in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP model files, and validate the resulting micrOMEGAs pipeline against the thesis claim that all-DM inert neutralinos are confined near m_Z/2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1306_4677_kinetic_mixing_zprime_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic-mixing Z' portal FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1306.4677", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented freeze-in Boltzmann solve exists for this kinetic-mixing Z' model that includes both the Z'-mediated/Z'-decay production channels and the dark-sector thermalisation corrections the paper finds to shift the abundance by up to a factor of two.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the kinetically mixed U(1)' model (epsilon, m_Z', m_chi, q_D g_D) in the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module for the production terms, and extend it with a coupled dark-sector temperature evolution (two-temperature Boltzmann system) to capture dark thermalisation, validating against the paper's epsilon ~ 10^-12 to 10^-11 relic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_4394_z2_symmetric_real_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z2-symmetric real scalar dark matter with thermal dissipation", "family": "z2_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4394", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public solver integrates the coherent Z2-scalar condensate energy density together with the radiation bath using the paper's closed-time-path dissipation rate, so the (phi_i, m_phi, T_R, lambda) abundance contours and the critical coupling lambda_c cannot be reproduced or extended beyond digitizing the primary figures.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a small ODE code evolving the coarse-grained condensate energy with Gamma_diss(T) and Hubble friction in a radiation-dominated background, coupled to a standard freeze-out module for the thermalized remnant, and validate it against the primary contour cases (m_phi, T_R) = (1 TeV, 1e5 GeV), (1 TeV, 1e9 GeV), (1 GeV, 1e9 GeV).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1408_4785_scotogenic_inverse_seesaw_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inverse seesaw scalar dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.4785", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the full scotogenic inverse-seesaw model exists: the card's route is valid only in the simplified limit where all non-portal interactions of the three singlet scalars, the Majorana singlet N_L, and the vector-like lepton doublet are suppressed, and no model files are available to compute the relic density and sigma_SI when those interactions (coannihilation, scalar mixing, Yukawa channels) matter.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full scotogenic inverse-seesaw Lagrangian (three real singlets, N_L, vector-like doublet, Higgs-portal terms) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run it through micrOMEGAs for relic density and direct detection, validating against the paper's simplified Higgs-portal window near m_h/2 and above 150 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_2560_higgsino_sneutrino_late_decay_v1", "model_name": "Higgsino-like dark matter from right-handed sneutrino late decays", "family": "nonthermal_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.2560", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the MSSM plus right-handed-neutrino setup that chains freeze-in sneutrino production, late out-of-equilibrium decay, and Higgsino reannihilation into one relic-density pipeline; the card identifies no associated code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the MSSM+RHN superpotential in SARAH/SPheno, compute the sneutrino freeze-in yield with micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routines, and couple it to a decay-plus-reannihilation Boltzmann solve, validating against the paper's benchmark decay temperature and relic density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_7312_u1_prime_rh_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.7312", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (spectrum-generator model file plus matrix-element/relic model files) exists for this U(1)' supersymmetric seesaw extension; stock MSSM tools do not include the Z' gaugino, singlets, and RH sneutrino sector needed for both the relic and collider calculations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)'-extended seesaw superpotential and charge assignments in SARAH, generating SPheno spectrum code plus CalcHEP/UFO and micrOMEGAs model files, validated against the paper's m_N1=110 GeV, m_N=100 GeV benchmark spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_01973_u1dm_z3_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Global U(1)_DM-remnant Z3 scalar WIMP", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.01973", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation of the U(1)_DM-remnant Z3 scalar model reported by the authors is not publicly located, so the semi-annihilation freeze-out (step s1) cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model definition.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the renormalizable H-phi_X-X scalar potential in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (which supports Z3 semi-annihilation), and validate against the paper's x_f ~ 25 self-annihilation benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_05890_scale_invariant_pseudoscalar_wimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant pseudoscalar WIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "scale_invariant_wimpzilla_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05890", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public integrator for nonthermal WIMPzilla production during slow reheating: the abundance from scattering of thermalized inflaton decay products, with its power-law (not Boltzmann) suppression in M_eta/T_reh and sensitivity to the maximum temperature, is only estimated analytically for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a reheating-era Boltzmann integrator (coupled inflaton-radiation-WIMPzilla fluid equations following hep-ph/9809453) taking the model's portal and right-handed-neutrino scattering cross sections as input, and release it so Omega_eta h^2(M_eta, T_reh, couplings) can be scanned.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_02230_singlet_majorana_wimp_eft_simplified_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-like Majorana WIMP EFT with simplified mediators", "family": "effective_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02230", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP model files implementing the complete set of SM-gauge-invariant Majorana WIMP operators up to dimension six (and their matched simplified-mediator completions) have no identified public release, so the freeze-out and cross-section computations cannot be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the nine-parameter EFT Lagrangian plus the Z2-even/Z2-odd heavy-mediator simplified models in FeynRules, export CalcHEP and UFO files, validate micrOMEGAs relic output against the paper's allowed Lambda range (few hundred GeV to ~3 TeV) including the Z and Higgs pole regions, and publish the files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_06430_qyu_umssm_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutralino dark matter in quasi-Yukawa-unified U(1)' extended MSSM", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.06430", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the QYU UMSSM pipeline exists: the quasi-Yukawa-unified GUT-scale boundary conditions, universal soft terms, and the SARAH/SPheno-to-micrOMEGAs scan interface used by the source are not released, so the spectrum step cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the UMSSM with QYU Yukawa ratios at M_GUT in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum code and micrOMEGAs model files, and release the boundary-condition setup plus scan scripts so the 400 GeV bino A-resonance and 700 GeV higgsino coannihilation regions can be reproduced.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_scalar_dm_gluon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar dark matter with 750 GeV gluon portal mediator", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "With computational_representation null and no associated code, the relic density and annihilation rate are available only through the narrow-resonance analytic setup, which is inaccurate near the s-channel resonance region relevant for the 60 GeV DM / 750 GeV mediator hierarchy.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the simplified gluon-portal model in micrOMEGAs or MadDM via a UFO export to compute the thermal relic abundance and <sigma v> without the narrow-width approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1607_01469_bl_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-L freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.01469", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled unintegrated Boltzmann system of this model, where the parent Z_BL is itself out of chemical equilibrium and the N1 momentum distribution f_N1(p) must be tracked, not just the yield; existing freeze-in modules (e.g. micrOMEGAs) assume thermalized parents and return integrated abundances only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a momentum-level freeze-in solver (in the style of sterile-neutrino distribution codes) to evolve the coupled Z_BL and N1 phase-space densities from W, Z_BL, Z, H, h decays and annihilations, outputting Y_N1 and f_N1(p) over the scanned (M_N1, M_ZBL, g_BL, theta) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_10894_generalized_deflected_amsb_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generalized deflected AMSB neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.10894", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generator implementation of the generalized deflected-AMSB boundary conditions with messenger-matter interactions and complete/incomplete messenger multiplets exists; the spectrum step feeds every downstream observable and the card identifies no associated code.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the paper's deflected-AMSB soft-term formulae (deflection parameter d, F_phi, M_mess, messenger-matter couplings) as high-scale boundary conditions in SARAH/SPheno or a patched SoftSUSY, validating the resulting bino/wino-like spectra and Higgs mass against the paper's surviving scan points before passing spectra to micrOMEGAs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_04621_ghu_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana fermion dark matter in SU(3) x U(1) gauge-Higgs unification", "family": "gauge_higgs_unification_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.04621", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model implementation file exists that maps the GHU parameters (bulk mass M, brane Majorana mass m, compactification scale M_KK) to the low-energy Majorana Higgs-portal effective theory, so standard relic and direct-detection tools cannot be run directly from the UV parameters; the card lists no computational representation and no associated code.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the effective SM-plus-Majorana-singlet Higgs portal with the (M, m) to (m_DM, y_DM) mapping from the paper's mass matrix, and run it through micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 and through DDCalc-style xenon likelihoods for sigma_SI.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_05584_pdgssm_multicomponent_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac-gluino SSM multi-component neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.05584", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generator implementation of the PDGSSM exists (pseudo-Dirac gluino, adjoint chiral superfield, vector-like fields, hybrid F/D-term breaking), so the UV parameters cannot be mapped to the neutralino/stau/Higgs spectrum in a reproducible pipeline; the card lists no computational representation and no associated scan code, and only spectrum-level masses can currently be scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PDGSSM in SARAH to generate SPheno spectrum-generator and micrOMEGAs model files covering the Dirac-gluino and adjoint sectors, then reproduce the paper's six case benchmarks (relic density, rescaled sigma_SI, Delta a_mu, Delta_EW) as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_07028_majorana_singlet_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana singlet neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1706.07028", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the dimension-five neutrino-portal EFT (phi chi H L / M with near-degenerate Z2-odd singlets) exists for automated relic-density computation; the paper's FeynRules/FormCalc files are unreleased and the relic band relies on an approximate analytic freeze-out formula rather than a full coannihilation Boltzmann solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the EFT in FeynRules and export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (or UFO for MadDM) so the coannihilation-included relic abundance can be scanned over (M_chi, m_phi, M) and validated against the paper's orange relic bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_07028_real_scalar_singlet_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar singlet neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1706.07028", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the dimension-five neutrino-portal EFT (phi chi H L / M with near-degenerate Z2-odd singlets, real scalar phi as the lighter state) exists for automated relic-density computation; the paper's FeynRules/FormCalc files are unreleased and the relic band relies on an approximate analytic freeze-out formula rather than a full coannihilation Boltzmann solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the EFT in FeynRules and export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (or UFO for MadDM) so the coannihilation-included relic abundance can be scanned over (m_phi, M_chi, M) and validated against the paper's orange relic bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_00415_iss23_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "ISS(2,3) sterile-neutrino dark matter from small lepton-number violation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.00415", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The BAU-compatible parameter mask required by the recast step comes from the primary paper's private ARS leptogenesis scan; no public code reproducing the successful-leptogenesis region of the ISS(2,3) sterile sector is identified in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ARS leptogenesis kinetic equations for the ISS(2,3) pseudo-Dirac pairs in a public scan code (or extend an existing ARS/freeze-in leptogenesis package) so the BAU-compatible mask over (m_PD, M_PD, mixing) can be regenerated independently.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00691_u1d_dark_sector_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D dark-sector Majorana WIMP model", "family": "hidden_sector_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "1710.00691", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical relic-density implementation exists for the U(1)_D dark sector with chi_1 annihilation into massless Goldstone bosons; the paper's abundance window (M_chi1 40-90 GeV, benchmark 58.5 GeV) is a source scan output that was never rerun and cannot be reproduced or extended with a public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_D Lagrangian (chi_i, phi_1, phi_2, eta, Z', Goldstone) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and compute the relic density in micrOMEGAs including the Goldstone final state and chi_2,3 coannihilation, validating against the M_chi1 = 58.5 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_06324_flavor_broken_scalegenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-broken scalegenesis hidden-sector scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.06324", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the coupled Boltzmann equations for the DM scalar plus the nearby unstable would-be-DM scalar, including the finite-temperature conversion/annihilation channel and Gamma_L ~ 1e-10 GeV decay, so the relic density and the assisted-annihilation mechanism cannot be re-evaluated across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the mean-field effective masses and couplings as a two-component model in micrOMEGAs (which supports multi-species freeze-out with conversion processes) or write a standalone coupled-yield integrator, validating against the primary paper's Omega_DM h^2 = 0.1188 benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_03089_su2_hidden_vector_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) hidden vector dark matter from dark freeze-out", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.03089", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented coupled two-sector Boltzmann setup exists for this model: Higgs-portal freeze-in populating a hidden bath with self-consistent temperature ratio xi, followed by internal SU(2)-triplet freeze-out including the non-Abelian semi-annihilation channel AA -> As and a check of internal chemical equilibrium.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(2)_D vector triplet plus hidden scalar model in micrOMEGAs 5 (CalcHEP model files) using its second-dark-sector temperature and semi-annihilation support, adding the freeze-in source term for the hidden bath and an explicit internal-equilibrium rate check against Hubble.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_03089_u1_hidden_vector_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "U(1) hidden vector dark matter from dark freeze-out", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.03089", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented coupled two-sector Boltzmann setup exists for this model: Higgs-portal freeze-in populating a hidden bath with self-consistent temperature ratio xi, followed by internal U(1)-vector freeze-out through AA -> ss, including the scalar-self-coupling-dependent check that internal chemical equilibrium is actually reached (the U(1) model has no tree-level vector number-changing interactions).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the hidden U(1) vector plus scalar model in micrOMEGAs 5 (CalcHEP model files) using its second-dark-sector temperature and freeze-in support, with an explicit comparison of ss and AA reaction rates to Hubble to flag where the dark-freezeout calculation is valid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_05068_top_philic_vectorlike_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Top-philic vector-like portal scalar dark matter", "family": "vector_like_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.05068", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The authors' modified micrOMEGAs implementing radiative corrections, loop-induced channels, Sommerfeld enhancement, and mediator co-annihilation for the top-philic vector-like portal has unknown availability and no public repository, so the precision relic-density calculation the analysis depends on cannot be reproduced with stock tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Recover or reimplement the corrections as a public micrOMEGAs extension: add the QCD-corrected annihilation/co-annihilation cross sections and Sommerfeld factors for the colored T mediator, and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours; for y_t below about 1e-4 also add the coupled Boltzmann treatment the paper flags.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_13116_low_scale_hypercolor_axion_domain_wall_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale hypercolor axion-domain-wall dark sector", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.13116", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/relic-abundance code handles the cool hidden hypercolor sector: glueball self-heating and 3->2 cannibalism, glueballino/HC-hadron freeze-out within the dark bath at T_HC/T ~ 1e-3 to 1e-2, and the coupled evolution of dark-sector temperature are not implemented in micrOMEGAs, MadDM, or DarkSUSY.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a decoupled-sector Boltzmann network (separate T_HC evolution, glueball 3->2 cannibalism, glueballino freeze-out on the dark bath) as a standalone module or a micrOMEGAs extension parameterized by Lambda_HC, M_F, and the initial temperature ratio.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_11930_secluded_u1_singlino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Secluded U(1)' singlino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.11930", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No documented dark-matter observable calculator is attached to the secluded U(1)' spectrum: the paper's Omega_chi h^2, sigma_SI, and <sigma v> values come from an unnamed code, and without a recorded SARAH-to-micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) interface for this four-singlet model the relic, direct-detection, and annihilation predictions cannot be reproduced from the SPheno spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Export CalcHEP model files from the existing SARAH 4.14.3 implementation of the secluded U(1)' model and run micrOMEGAs on the SPheno spectra to compute Omega_chi h^2, sigma_SI, and <sigma v>, validating against the paper's reported 4e-46 to 1e-50 cm^2 sigma_SI range, the sub-600 GeV singlino solutions, and the A-funnel points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_09282_z3_leptophilic_complex_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 leptophilic complex scalar dark matter with vector-like lepton mediator", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.09282", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP/micrOMEGAs 5.2.7 implementation of the Z3 complex-scalar plus vector-like-lepton model used for relic density and spectra is described but not publicly released, so the forward-model chain cannot be rerun or scanned by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model Lagrangian (Yukawa-like S e_R VLL coupling, cubic S^3 term, Higgs portal) in LanHEP or FeynRules and publish the CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files with validation points reproducing the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_13716_dark_su3_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(3) scalar glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.13716", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the lattice-fitted thermal glueball/Polyakov-loop EFT and evolves the post-confinement glueball energy density to freeze-out; the paper's numerical solution of the field_evolution step exists only privately, so the Omega h^2 proportional to xi_T^3 Lambda relation cannot be independently rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's effective potential V(phi,l,T) with the published lattice-fit coefficients in a small standalone Python/C solver (or as a module coupled to a standard Friedmann integrator), evolve rho_gb(T) across the confinement transition, and release a (Lambda, xi_T) scan reproducing the paper's abundance normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_16090_superweak_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.16090", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the super-weak U(1)_z sector (N_1, Z', singlet scalar with the model's charge assignments) exists for a relic-density solver, so the resonant MeV-scale freezeout curve g_z(M_1, M_Zprime) cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the U(1)_z extension and run it through micrOMEGAs with the resonance-resolved thermal average, validating against the paper's M_Zprime ~ 2 M_1 viable curve and checking g_star treatment around MeV temperatures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_04655_dirac_scotogenic_inert_doublet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet scalar dark matter in the Dirac scotogenic model", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04655", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP files) of the Dirac scotogenic scalar sector exists, so micrOMEGAs or MadDM cannot compute the relic density through the gauge-annihilation window, coannihilation with eta2/eta3/eta_plus, or tree-level sigma_SI for benchmark scans.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model of the eta-doublet plus singlet plus Dirac N_Dk sector with the card's potential and Yukawas, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the source benchmarks (thermal target 3e-26 cm^3/s and the lambda3+lambda4+lambda5 ~ 1e-5 suppression).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16781_anapole_idm_v1", "model_name": "Anapole photon-coupled inelastic dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16781", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No ready-to-run relic-density implementation exists for the dimension-six anapole inelastic dark matter operator: the coupled chi_0/chi_1 Boltzmann system with coannihilation into leptonic and hadronic electromagnetic final states must currently be assembled by hand or reproduced from the private author workflow.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the anapole iDM Lagrangian as a FeynRules/UFO model and run it through micrOMEGAs or MadDM with coannihilation enabled, adding the R-ratio-based treatment of hadronic final states near threshold, and validate against the paper's relic-density curves for the Delta = 1e-3, 0.05, 0.2, 1 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16781_charge_radius_idm_v1", "model_name": "Charge-radius photon-coupled inelastic dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16781", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for the dimension-six charge-radius iDM operator: the coupled chi_0/chi_1 Boltzmann system with coannihilation into electromagnetic SM final states (including hadronic thresholds via the R-ratio) is not implemented in any released code, and the paper's own solver was not published.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the charge-radius operator in a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file and run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) with coannihilation enabled and hadronic final states handled via the measured R-ratio, validating against the Delta-benchmark relic curves in arXiv:2305.16781.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16781_electric_dipole_idm_v1", "model_name": "Electric-dipole photon-coupled inelastic dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16781", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for the dimension-five electric-dipole iDM operator: the coupled chi_0/chi_1 Boltzmann system with coannihilation into electromagnetic SM final states (including hadronic thresholds via the R-ratio) is not implemented in any released code, and the paper's own solver was not published.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the electric-dipole operator in a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file and run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) with coannihilation enabled and hadronic final states handled via the measured R-ratio, validating against the Delta-benchmark relic curves in arXiv:2305.16781.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16781_magnetic_dipole_idm_v1", "model_name": "Magnetic-dipole photon-coupled inelastic dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16781", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for the dimension-five magnetic-dipole iDM operator: the coupled chi_0/chi_1 Boltzmann system with coannihilation into electromagnetic SM final states (including hadronic thresholds via the R-ratio) is not implemented in any released code, and the paper's own solver was not published.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the magnetic-dipole operator in a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file and run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) with coannihilation enabled and hadronic final states handled via the measured R-ratio, validating against the Delta-benchmark relic curves in arXiv:2305.16781.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_14972_fn_rhn_flavon_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen flavon-portal right-handed-neutrino freeze-out dark matter", "family": "freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.14972", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model files (FeynRules/CalcHEP/UFO) exist for the FN flavon-portal Lagrangian, blocking independent MadDM/micrOMEGAs relic-density scans and the automated computation of sigma_SD/sigma_SI for direct detection.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the flavon-portal Lagrangian with the source FN charge assignment in FeynRules, export UFO/CalcHEP files, and validate against the paper's m_N1 = 1 TeV, m_a = 100-800 GeV, v_phi = 1.2 TeV relic benchmark and the quoted sigma_SD ~ 1e-46 to 1e-47 cm^2 estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03128_light_exothermic_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light exothermic inelastic dark matter with vector mediator", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03128", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for the two-component inelastic dark-photon model; the freeze-out of nearly degenerate X and X prime with channel thresholds (on-shell versus off-shell A prime) and the surviving X prime fraction is currently handled by an analytic estimate rather than a coupled Boltzmann calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the minimal U(1)_X model (X, X prime, A prime, dark Higgs) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs with coannihilation enabled to compute Omega_X h^2 and the late-time X prime abundance, replacing the equal-abundance assumption used for limit rescaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04680_anomalous_u1_lmu_ltau_axi_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) L_mu-L_tau axi-Higgs portal fermionic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04680", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the anomalous U(1) L_mu-L_tau axi-Higgs portal: the paper used micrOMEGAs 5.3.41 but released no model files encoding the Wess-Zumino axi-Higgs couplings to electroweak gauge-boson duals, so the relic-density scan cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model file for the U(1)' charge assignment with Stueckelberg/Wess-Zumino terms and the physical axi-Higgs, export to CalcHEP format, and validate the micrOMEGAs pipeline against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.120 benchmark points at m_Z' = 2.5 and 3.5 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0509118_kk_photon_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kaluza-Klein photon dark matter with level-one coannihilation", "family": "kaluza_klein_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509118", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation accepts a general (non-minimal) level-one KK spectrum with arbitrary mass splittings Delta_i and all coannihilation channels (KK leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, Higgs states); existing micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP UED model files are tied to the minimal-UED spectrum, so the paper's 540 GeV to 2 TeV spectrum-dependent mass range cannot be reproduced across the full parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the existing micrOMEGAs MUED/CalcHEP model implementation to take the level-one masses as free inputs (spectrum file interface) and enable all level-one coannihilation channels, validating against the paper's 540 GeV right-handed-lepton and 2 TeV compressed-colored benchmark cases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0709_1218_hidden_sector_pion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Strongly interacting hidden-sector pion cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.1218", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic density was computed with a privately modified micrOMEGAs; no public model implementation of the hidden-sector Gell-Mann-Levy pion sector with the two-Higgs-doublet portal (lambda_3, mixed h/H scalars) exists, so the freeze-out abundance and Higgs-portal direct-detection cross section cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the linear sigma-model hidden-pion Lagrangian with Higgs-portal mixing in FeynRules/CalcHEP and export to micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's illustrative scan (tan beta = 1, quartics up to 4) for the relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0711_1506_z2_unparticle_higgs_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z2-stabilized Higgs-portal unparticle dark matter", "family": "unparticle_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.1506", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code implements the Z2-odd scalar unparticle with the lambda/Lambda^(2 d_U - 2) U^2 H-dagger-H portal; the paper's Boltzmann freeze-out through Higgs-mediated annihilation (including the s-channel Higgs pole and d_U-dependent phase space) exists only as an unreleased calculation, so the WMAP-window relic scan cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U^2 H-dagger-H model in micrOMEGAs or MadDM via a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file treating the massive unparticle as a scalar WIMP at d_U near 1 with the paper's mass relation fixing lambda, reproduce the published Omega_U h^2 in the m_U = 50-80 GeV window, then update to the measured 125 GeV Higgs mass and current Planck abundance and add Higgs invisible-width and direct-detection outputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0809_3932_thermal_right_handed_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Thermal right-handed sneutrino dark matter in the F_D-term hybrid inflation model", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.3932", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the F_D-term hybrid-inflation right-handed sneutrino: the mSUGRA-plus-RHN spectrum with the inflaton-induced quartic N*N*HuHd coupling is not available as a spectrum-generator or micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model, so neither the Higgs-pole relic density nor sigma_SI can be recomputed from the card's input parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the F_D-term superpotential and soft terms in SARAH to generate SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, then validate against the paper's H_1-funnel relic region and CDMS-II exclusion figure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1006_3804_dark_left_right_scotino_v1", "model_name": "Dark Left-Right Model 2 scotino dark matter", "family": "left_right_scotino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1006.3804", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable DLRM2 model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or micrOMEGAs model files) exists for the SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_X gauge sector with the Dirac scotino, so the full relic density and sigma_SI can only be estimated with the paper's 1 pb proxy and Ge-73 analytic formula.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the DLRM2 Lagrangian (Z-prime, W_R, scotino, exotic h quark, mixing s_R^2) in FeynRules, export UFO and CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs for the full freeze-out Omega h^2 and spin-independent cross section across m_n, M_Zprime, s_R^2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_0580_three_degenerate_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three degenerate light mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.0580", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the three exactly degenerate light mixed sneutrinos with the full multi-flavor coannihilation treatment that sets the factor 1.5-3 relic-density enhancement over the one-flavor case.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the MSSM+nu_R sneutrino sector with three degenerate flavors in FeynRules/SARAH, export to micrOMEGAs with all flavor coannihilation channels enabled, and validate against the paper's narrow accepted region (m_snu 4.5-8 GeV, theta 0.27-0.29) and the quoted Omega_three/Omega_one factor of 1.5-3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_11533_e6_exotic_hot_dark_matter_asymmetry_v1", "model_name": "E6-inspired exotic-state hot dark matter asymmetry scenario", "family": "e6_inspired_susy_hot_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.11533", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-equation implementation exists for the coupled generation of the B-L and U(1)_E asymmetries from lightest right-handed neutrino/sneutrino decays at T_R ~ 1e6-1e7 GeV, so the exotic-sector asymmetry and hence the hot-component density cannot be computed quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann framework (e.g. ULYSSES) with an additional charge-transport equation for U(1)_E, including the exotic Yukawa decay channels of N_1 and the washout terms from f_i, ftilde_i couplings, in the SUSY (sneutrino-inclusive) setup.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_10474_miracle_less_wimp_bl_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Miracle-less WIMP with gauged B-L entropy dilution", "family": "miracle_less_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.10474", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The entropy-dilution step assumes instantaneous N1 decay; no numerical tool tracks the coupled evolution of the overproduced chi relic, the N1 matter-dominated era, and the entropy release, so the dilution factor S and the decay temperature T_N1 that set the GW turning frequency carry uncontrolled analytic uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled Boltzmann system (chi yield, N1 energy density, radiation with entropy injection) in a public early-matter-domination code — e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' or a ULYSSES-style solver's cosmological background module to non-standard histories — and output S, T_N1, and the modified expansion history for the string-spectrum step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_a_majorana_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation WIMP Case A", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The catalyzed-BBN constraint on long-lived charged excitations is only an approximate lifetime label (tau above about 1e3 s); no BBN network calculation with the bound-state catalysis reactions and the actual primordial charged-state abundance has been run for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the coannihilation-driven freeze-out abundance of X- to a BBN network code extended with catalyzed reactions on charged relics (extending AlterBBN or PRIMAT with the CBBN reaction set), producing a quantitative excluded region in the (tau, Delta m) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_2064_pseudoscalar_fermionic_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-scalar fermionic Higgs portal dark matter", "family": "fermionic_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.2064", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP implementation of the dimension-five parity-violating operator Q5 = i(H^dagger H)(chi gamma5 chi)/Lambda_5 exists per the card, so the thermal relic density across the 60 GeV - 2 TeV EFT range (with hh and tt threshold openings) cannot be computed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Q5 EFT operator (plus the scalar Lambda_1 operator for the mixed case) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's 60 GeV - 2 TeV viable relic contour; include an EFT-validity flag comparing Lambda_5 to the annihilation center-of-mass energy.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_cusp_emission_p_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Nambu-Goto Cusp Emission WIMP dark matter with p-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann relic-abundance code includes a cosmic-string/topological-defect injection source term of the paper's power-law form Q proportional to t^(-p), so the freeze-out-plus-source yield must currently be solved with private numerics or the paper's asymptotic formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing relic solver (micrOMEGAs or the standalone MadDM/DRAKE Boltzmann module) with a parametrized injection term q_X t^(-p) with X-multiplicity, validated against the primary paper's yield curves for p-wave (n=1) annihilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_cusp_emission_s_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Nambu-Goto Cusp Emission WIMP dark matter with s-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann relic-abundance code includes a cosmic-string/topological-defect injection source term of the paper's power-law form Q proportional to t^(-p), so the freeze-out-plus-source yield must currently be solved with private numerics or the paper's asymptotic formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing relic solver (micrOMEGAs or the standalone MadDM/DRAKE Boltzmann module) with a parametrized injection term q_X t^(-p) with X-multiplicity, validated against the primary paper's yield curves for s-wave (n=0) annihilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_field_theory_string_p_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Field-Theory String Decay WIMP dark matter with p-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann relic-abundance code includes a cosmic-string/topological-defect injection source term of the paper's power-law form Q proportional to t^(-p), so the freeze-out-plus-source yield must currently be solved with private numerics or the paper's asymptotic formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing relic solver (micrOMEGAs or the standalone MadDM/DRAKE Boltzmann module) with a parametrized injection term q_X t^(-p) with X-multiplicity, validated against the primary paper's yield curves for p-wave (n=1) annihilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_field_theory_string_s_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Field-Theory String Decay WIMP dark matter with s-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann relic-abundance code includes a cosmic-string/topological-defect injection source term of the paper's power-law form Q proportional to t^(-p), so the freeze-out-plus-source yield must currently be solved with private numerics or the paper's asymptotic formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing relic solver (micrOMEGAs or the standalone MadDM/DRAKE Boltzmann module) with a parametrized injection term q_X t^(-p) with X-multiplicity, validated against the primary paper's yield curves for s-wave (n=0) annihilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02699_spin_flipped_vectorlike_scalar_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spin-flipped gauged U(1) model with singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "fermionic_leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02699", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or CalcHEP model file) exists for the spin-flipped variant with singlet Dirac DM, colored scalar Q-prime, and Z-prime mediator, so the relic density and scattering cross sections cannot be computed with standard solvers.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the spin-flipped Lagrangian (f-prime Yukawa term, colored scalar, Z-prime) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/UFO, and run micrOMEGAs for the s-wave freeze-out relic density and loop-induced direct-detection cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11038_light_scalar_mediator_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light scalar mediator freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.11038", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann implementation covers the full coupling range of this benchmark, from freeze-in through hidden-sector thermalization to dark freeze-out via chi chi -> phi phi, with the dark-sector temperature evolved self-consistently; the non-monotonic abundance turnover cannot be reproduced without it.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or implement in a standalone solver) coupled equations for n_chi, n_phi, and the hidden-sector temperature T_dark for the Higgs-mixed scalar benchmark, validated by reproducing the paper's abundance contours in (g_chi, theta, m_chi, m_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04963_scalar_contact_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-contact inelastic scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04963", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the scalar-contact inelastic EFT exists for the two-component relic computation: the freeze-out plus late X'-X conversion system that fixes n_X/n_X' ~ 1 is not encoded in any named public code on the card (associated_code empty, computational_representation null).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dimension-6 scalar DM-lepton operators in FeynRules/CalcHEP and solve the coupled two-component Boltzmann system with micrOMEGAs' multi-component machinery (or a dedicated conversion-aware solver), validating against the paper's best-fit region m_X ~ 1.22 GeV, Lambda_S ~ 1.11 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_05412_majoron_semiannihilating_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majoron-assisted semi-annihilating Z3 scalar dark matter", "family": "semi_annihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.05412", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP (or equivalent) implementation of the Majoron-assisted Z3 model exists, so the semi-annihilation relic-density calculation with chi chi -> chi* J cannot be reproduced with existing solvers.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the U(1)_B-L Majoron plus Z3 scalar sector and run it through micrOMEGAs, which already handles semi-annihilating Z3 dark matter, validating against the paper's viable-region contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_01270_high_mass_effective_idm_derivative_variant_v1", "model_name": "High-mass effective inert-doublet derivative-operator dark matter variant", "family": "inert_doublet_effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01270", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-density code implements the IDM augmented by the dimension-six derivative operators C_1-C_4, whose destructive interference in HH annihilation to longitudinal W/Z is the mechanism that repairs the high-mass underabundance; without it neither the relic abundance nor the relic/EWPT tension resolution can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the IDM plus C_1-C_4 derivative operators in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (or MadDM), verify the longitudinal-gauge-boson annihilation amplitudes against the Goldstone-equivalence expressions in the primary, and scan (m_H, Delta m, C_i) for Omega_H h^2 = 0.12.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_01270_high_mass_effective_idm_derivative_variant_v1", "model_name": "High-mass effective inert-doublet derivative-operator dark matter variant", "family": "inert_doublet_effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01270", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No finite-temperature effective-potential implementation includes the D6 derivative and H_1 field-strength operators, so the strong first-order electroweak phase transition claimed to coexist with the repaired relic abundance in the high-mass regime cannot be verified (v/T, nucleation temperature).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CosmoTransitions-style one-loop daisy-resummed finite-temperature potential with the dimension-six corrections, scan the high-mass (m_H, Delta m, C_i) space for v_n/T_n > 1, and cross-check gauge dependence with a gauge-invariant high-temperature expansion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503052_pati_salam_wino_split_susy_v1", "model_name": "Pati-Salam Goldstino split-SUSY Wino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503052", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density/annihilation calculator (micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY release) includes the Sommerfeld enhancement needed for the 2-2.5 TeV Wino, so the modern thermal relic mass target and present-day <sigma v> for this Pati-Salam Wino cannot be computed with named public tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY with the known electroweak Sommerfeld ladder resummation for Wino-chargino coannihilation (two-state Schroedinger solution with M2 and the chargino-neutralino splitting as inputs) and validate against published Sommerfeld-corrected Wino relic curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_13397_local_b_l_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-and-lepton-number Majorana dark matter", "family": "gauged_baryon_lepton_majorana_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13397", "score": 17.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The leptogenesis Boltzmann system with Z_L gauge-boson washout has not been solved for this model; the M_ZL/g_L > ~1e10 GeV bound is imported from prior literature rather than recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis solver such as ULYSSES with the U(1)_L gauge-scattering and Z_L-mediated washout rates for right-handed neutrinos, then scan (M_N1, M_ZL/g_L, CP asymmetry) to map the viable Y_B region for this model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2206_06768_leptoquark_portal_triplet_vectorlike_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptoquark-portal SU(2)L-triplet vector-like fermion dark matter", "family": "leptoquark_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.06768", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The micrOMEGAs implementation of the S3 leptoquark plus SU(2)L-triplet Psi_L and colored Psi_Q Lagrangian is not publicly released (availability unknown, no repository), so the relic-density calculation combining triplet electroweak annihilation with leptoquark-mediated coannihilation cannot currently be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the S3 + triplet Psi_L + Psi_Q Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files into micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's relic contours, in particular the lambda=0 pure-electroweak-triplet limit and its 1600-1750 GeV mass floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_00323_majorana_tchannel_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Majorana t-channel mediator freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.00323", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in integrator handles thermal-mass-corrected eta -> X f decay kinematics (including the temperature windows where the decay closes or opens) together with a nonstandard pre-BBN expansion history H(T;n,T_ref).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone yield integrator) to use m_eta(T) and m_f(T) in the decay width and phase-space thresholds and to accept a power-law extra energy density in H(T), validating against the source suppression/enhancement examples and the Planck relic target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_0580_light_mixed_sneutrino_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light mixed sneutrino thermal dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.0580", "score": 16.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP implementation of the MSSM plus right-handed-neutrino mixed sneutrino model (weak-scale A_nu trilinear mixing, light mostly-RH sneutrino LSP) used by the primary paper is not publicly released, so relic density, annihilation channels, and sigma_SI for the 1-8 GeV scan region cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the MSSM+nu_R sneutrino sector (soft A_nu L N H_u term and one-generation mass matrix) in FeynRules or SARAH, export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's accepted scan (1-8 GeV masses, Delta Gamma_Z < 2 MeV, sigma_SI > 1e-5 pb trend), including QCD-era degrees of freedom for the lowest masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1306_4677_heavy_zprime_effective_complex_scalar_netdm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-Z' effective complex-scalar NETDM", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1306.4677", "score": 16.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann solve exists for UV freeze-in of complex scalar dark matter through the (f gamma_mu f)(chi partial^mu chi* - chi* partial^mu chi)/Lambda^2 contact operator with explicit reheating-temperature dependence; the route currently relies on the source paper's analytic scaling only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar derivative-current operator in a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file and run it through the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module with reheating temperature T_RH as an input, or code the single-species yield ODE dY/dx with the analytic collision term directly, validating against the paper's Lambda/T_RH ~ 10^3-10^5 band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2101_11019_twin_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Twin Higgs Portal scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.11019", "score": 16.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation of the Twin Higgs Portal scalar exists: computing Omega_S h^2 including twin-sector Higgs-mediated and heavy radial-mode annihilation channels requires a model file that stock micrOMEGAs/MadDM libraries do not provide.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the SU(4)-symmetric Twin Higgs plus singlet potential (S coupled to H_A and H_B, pNGB Higgs and radial mode m_hhat, specified FTH/MTH twin spectrum) and run micrOMEGAs to reproduce the paper's relic curves over (m_S, lambda_HS, f/v, m_hhat).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_05601_750gev_complex_scalar_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "750 GeV complex-scalar portal Majorana WIMP", "family": "simplified_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05601", "score": 16.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) exists for the 750 GeV scalar plus light pseudoscalar portal with dimension-five gauge-boson operators and the Phi-chi-chi Yukawa, so the micrOMEGAs relic-density contours in the m_chi-Gamma_s plane cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the s/a-portal Lagrangian (including the s B B, s G G, a B Bdual, a G Gdual operators and the chi Yukawa) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP, and run micrOMEGAs to recover the paper's relic contours including the aa (p-wave), sa (s-wave), and pole regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_mirrored_dirac_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored Dirac neutrino dark matter with B-prime-minus-L-prime annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-density solver implements mirror Dirac neutrino freeze-out in a decoupled mirror thermal bath with its own temperature ratio, including mirror weak and gauged B'-L' annihilation channels and Sommerfeld corrections from a light or slightly broken B'-L' gauge boson; only rough analytic estimates exist in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the mirror-sector model in micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector mode (separate dark-sector temperature T'/T), adding the B'-L' annihilation channel with Sommerfeld enhancement factors, and validate against the paper's m_nu' ~ 8 GeV (v'/v)^2 and ~400 GeV (alpha_B'-L' = 1e-2) benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_01056_kination_freeout_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kination freeze-out Majorana dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01056", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann relic-density code is configured for freeze-out during a kination era with H proportional to T^3 and continued annihilation between freeze-out and radiation domination; the card's freezeout step has tool_or_code null and only the paper's analytic formula as a check.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs non-standard-cosmology interface (user-defined H(T) and entropy history) with a kination equation of state parameterized by T_R, and validate against the primary paper's analytic <sigma v> > 3e-26 cm^3/s thermal-branch result.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_07626_extended_dm_eft_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended DM EFT with scalar singlet DM", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.07626", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical model implementation exists for the scalar-singlet variant of the extended DM EFT with explicit (pseudo)scalar mediator and D=5 operators: computational_representation is null and no code was identified, so relic density and nuclear-recoil rates (including momentum-suppressed pseudoscalar subcases) cannot be scanned beyond the paper's analytic benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the phi_s Lagrangian (lambda_{S phi_s} S phi_s^2, lambda_{H phi_s} |H|^2 phi_s^2, and the S-SM D=5 operators) in FeynRules, export a UFO/CalcHEP model, and compute Omega h^2 and direct-detection cross sections with micrOMEGAs or MadDM, validating against the paper's benchmark correlations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04963_vector_contact_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-contact inelastic scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04963", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the vector-contact inelastic EFT or its dark U(1)_X completion exists for the two-component relic computation: the freeze-out plus late X'-X conversion system fixing n_X/n_X' ~ 1, and the extra quark channels of the U(1)_X completion that can invalidate the generic EFT relic result, are not encoded in any named public code on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the O_VL/O_VR operators (and the U(1)_X gauge completion with its right-handed charge assignments) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and solve the coupled two-component Boltzmann system with micrOMEGAs' multi-component machinery, validating against the paper's best-fit region m_X ~ 2.95 GeV, Lambda_V ~ 74.8 GeV, and checking EFT validity given the low cutoff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_14972_fn_rhn_flavon_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen flavon-portal right-handed-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.14972", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP/UFO model files) of the Froggatt-Nielsen flavon-portal Lagrangian exists, so the micrOMEGAs/MadDM freeze-in calculation the authors cross-checked cannot be rerun or scanned independently, including the 2-to-3 UV freeze-in channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the flavon-portal effective Lagrangian (scalar and pseudoscalar flavon couplings fixed by the FN charge texture) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/UFO files, and validate the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module output against the paper's v_phi ~ 1e7-1e9 GeV viable band for below-TeV m_N1 and m_a = 10 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_inverse_seesaw_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 15.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SARAH model files and SPheno/CalcHEP inputs for the MSSM-plus-inverse-seesaw sneutrino sector (nu^c and S superfields with the mu_S S S term and CP-even/odd sneutrino mass matrices) used in the paper are not established as publicly released, blocking automated spectrum generation.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the inverse-seesaw superpotential and soft terms in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's WMAP-band scan features and left-sneutrino scattering suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_b_violating_operator_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with baryon-number violating transfer operators", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 14.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public asymmetric-dark-matter transfer code couples the chemical-equilibrium network, the decoupling of the B-violating operator at T_D, and symmetric-component freeze-out; the route's required chemical-potential solver and asymmetric-abundance Boltzmann calculator exist only as the paper's instantaneous-decoupling analytic approximations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' asymmetric-abundance machinery (or write a standalone solver) to integrate coupled Boltzmann equations for X, anti-X, and baryon chemical potentials through operator decoupling, replacing the instantaneous m_X/T_D approximation with a full numerical Omega_DM/Omega_B prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1685_zee_babu_z2_real_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Zee-Babu Z2 real scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1685", "score": 14.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CalcHEP/FeynRules/micrOMEGAs implementation of the Zee-Babu model extended by the Z2-odd real scalar X exists on the card, so the freeze-out calculation with Higgs-portal annihilation plus near-threshold h+h- and k++k-- channels must be redone by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Zee-Babu-plus-real-scalar potential in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's relic contours (Planck-era Omega h^2 = 0.1199) including the charged-scalar threshold channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_02718_u1x_charged_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X-charged Z2-odd scalar dark matter in a lepton-specific two-Higgs-doublet model", "family": "u1x_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.02718", "score": 14.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs (or CalcHEP/FeynRules) model implementation of the U(1)_X lepton-specific 2HDM with the Z2-odd charged scalar is released; the paper's micrOMEGAs 4.3.5 implementation is private, so relic density, direct-detection, and annihilation rates cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the model in FeynRules from the published charge assignments, scalar potential, and Yukawa terms, export CalcHEP model files, and validate against the paper's three benchmark relic-density scenarios in micrOMEGAs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_su2l_sphaleron_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with SU(2)_L sphaleron transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 13.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model file) exists for the SU(2)_L doublet Xogenesis Lagrangian with its anomaly-cancelling partner and singlets X_S^0/X_S^-, so the symmetric-component annihilation, direct-detection cross sections, and collider expectations cannot be computed with standard pipelines.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the doublet-plus-singlet Xogenesis Lagrangian in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs (which supports asymmetric dark matter relic evolution) and MadDM, and use micrOMEGAs' built-in direct-detection module to recast the su2l_direct_detection constraint against modern xenon limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_09106_massive_dark_photon_two_component_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive-dark-photon two-component composite pNGB dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.09106", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled-Boltzmann implementation exists for this pNGB scalar plus stable massive dark photon system, including phi-A_D conversion and injection effects that matter in the near-degenerate window m_phi < m_A_D < 2 m_phi where the two-component cold regime lives.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the phi/A_D model in micrOMEGAs' two-component dark matter mode (FeynRules to CalcHEP model files with the derivative Higgs portal, U(1)_DM gauge coupling alpha_D, and Stueckelberg mass), enable the conversion processes, and validate the near-degenerate regime against a dedicated coupled Boltzmann integration reproducing the paper's relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_new_gauge_sphaleron_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with a new gauge-group sphaleron", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 11.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public asymmetric-abundance code couples the chemical-potential network to the freeze-out of the new-gauge sphaleron transfer and to symmetric-component annihilation; the route's required chemical-potential solver and Boltzmann calculator exist only as instantaneous-decoupling analytic approximations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' asymmetric-dark-matter machinery or write a standalone solver integrating coupled Boltzmann equations for X and Standard Model chemical potentials through sphaleron decoupling, producing numerical Omega_DM/Omega_B predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_02243_lambda_zero_linear_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "lambda_phi zero linear-breaking scalar singlet dark matter variant", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.02243", "score": 9.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for the lambda_phi=0 linear-breaking scalar singlet) is released, so the micrOMEGAs relic-density workflow used in the paper cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the scalar potential with the linear U(1)_X breaking term in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and validate against the paper's few-TeV to ~70 TeV allowed window in micrOMEGAs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_05868_neutrino_portal_complex_scalar_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal complex scalar thermal freeze-out dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05868", "score": 8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No relic-density solver implementation exists for the Z_3-stabilized complex scalar with a neutrinophilic scalar mediator: the card has null computational_representation and no associated code, and the constraint con_freezeout_relic_target records likelihood_available: no with recasting needed, so the freeze-out step (s2) cannot be run beyond the paper's analytic heavy-mediator formula.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-field Lagrangian (complex scalar DM plus neutrinophilic scalar coupled to active neutrinos) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run it through micrOMEGAs or MadDM, validating against the paper's target curve at the benchmark m_phi = 3 m_DM, y = lambda, and then relaxing the heavy-mediator and single-flavor assumptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_03765_model_a_multicomponent_radiative_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Model A multicomponent radiative-seesaw dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.03765", "score": 7.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver implementation exists for the coupled three-component (N_1, phi, eta_R/eta_I) Boltzmann system with standard annihilation, DM conversion (eta_R eta_R <-> phi phi), and semi-annihilation, which is required to obtain the component relic fractions that every downstream recast weights by.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement Model A in FeynRules/CalcHEP and extend the micrOMEGAs multicomponent framework (two-DM-sector machinery) to three coupled dark sectors including the lambda_7 semi-annihilation and conversion terms, validating against the paper's benchmark total relic density at M_1 = 300 GeV, m_phi = 62 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0005123_low_reheat_wimp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat WIMP dark matter", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0005123", "score": 7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann integrator implements WIMP production and annihilation through the reheating era with both T_MAX and T_RH tracked, including scattering production from the bath before radiation domination and entropy dilution; generic relic codes assume radiation domination or need bespoke modification for this regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' nonstandard-cosmology machinery (or write a standalone module) to solve the coupled reheating-field, radiation, and WIMP number-density equations with T_MAX and T_RH as inputs, validated against the paper's recovery of standard freeze-out as T_RH approaches the freeze-out temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5647_zprime_mediated_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Zprime-mediated singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5647", "score": 5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) of the Zprime-plus-Chern-Simons effective Lagrangian (couplings a1, a2, b1, optional a3/M) exists for use in a relic-density solver, so the W-boson-channel freeze-out and open-channel branchings cannot be recomputed against a modern Planck relic target.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Chern-Simons Zprime effective operators in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (or MadDM), and validate against the paper's quoted relic-viable regions before rerunning freeze-out with the Planck Omega h^2 target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_05579_cxsm_z2_symmetric_two_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-symmetric complex singlet scalar two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.05579", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The cxSM Z2-symmetric FeynRules/CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model files and scan machinery used for the relic-density and XENON1T comparison are not publicly released (associated_code has no repositories; the card notes the precise excluded region requires the original scan machinery), so the exclusion cannot be reproduced precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Z2-symmetric cxSM scalar potential in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files into micrOMEGAs, validate against the paper's relic and rescaled-SI benchmark behavior over the stated scan ranges, and release the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_04655_dirac_scotogenic_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-dominated scalar dark matter in the Dirac scotogenic model", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04655", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The exclusion of the singlet-dominated eta1 rests on analytic estimates at quoted benchmarks; no public model implementation of the Dirac scotogenic scalar sector exists for micrOMEGAs/MadDM, so the relic density, funnel region, and exclusion boundary cannot be re-derived quantitatively or re-tested under relaxed assumptions (subcomponent DM, coannihilation with eta2/eta3).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP implementation of the eta-doublet plus singlet plus Dirac N_Dk sector (shared with the doublet-DM variant of this model), run micrOMEGAs relic and direct-detection scans, and verify the source's lambda_7 < 4.8e-5 bound near 100 GeV and the singlet nonviability conclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 1, "rank_structure_formation": 4}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 374, "n_models": 367, "weight": 9623.1, "n_models_structure_formation": 177, "weight_structure_formation": 4894.9, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 281, "degrades_precision": 54, "minor": 6, "blocks_all_observables": 33}, "effort_counts": {"small": 19, "medium": 322, "large": 33}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_05650_decaying_warm_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm majoron dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05650", "score": 52.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver setup treats a keV-scale warm majoron with its thermal free-streaming distribution that also decays to relativistic neutrinos with tau_J of order 50 Gyr; the CLASS decaying-CDM module assumes cold parents, so the combined warm-plus-decaying linear evolution (T(k) and CMB spectra) cannot currently be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS by combining its non-cold-dark-matter (ncdm) sector with the decaying-dark-matter module: give the ncdm species a decay term sourcing massless neutrino dark radiation, parameterized by (m_J, tau_J, initial phase-space distribution), and validate against the paper's N-body initial conditions and the tau_J > 50 Gyr CMB benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_08484_scalar_dark_fifth_force_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter with a long-range dark fifth force", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08484", "score": 46, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS implementing the dark fifth-force background (H(z), rho_dm(z), s(z)) and linear perturbations (relative DM-baryon density and velocity modes) is not publicly released, so the whole CMB+BAO pipeline cannot be rerun or extended by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or reimplement the fifth-force patch in public CLASS: add the scalar-field background with m_chi(s) coupling and beta, m_s/H_0 parameters plus the coupled DM-baryon perturbation equations, and validate against the published beta < 0.011 (Planck) and beta < 0.0054 (Planck+BAO) bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_09767_asymptotically_flat_coth_potential_unified_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical asymptotically-flat coth-potential unified dark sector", "family": "noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_sector", "arxiv": "1803.09767", "score": 45.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the non-canonical UDM scalar with L=X(X/M^4)^(alpha-1)-V(phi) and the asymptotically-flat coth potential: neither CLASS nor CAMB evolves the perturbations of a single field whose kinetic energy clusters as dark matter with c_s^2=(2 alpha-1)^-1 while its potential drives acceleration, so the transfer function and Jeans-scale viability test cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a k-essence/UDM module that takes the background solution for this potential and evolves the exact scalar perturbation equations (or, as a first pass, map the model onto CLASS's generalized-dark-matter fluid with w(a) from the background solve and constant c_s^2=(2 alpha-1)^-1), validating the pressureless large-alpha limit against the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_09767_cascading_step_potential_unified_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical cascading step-potential unified dark sector", "family": "noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_sector", "arxiv": "1803.09767", "score": 45.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the non-canonical UDM scalar with L=X(X/M^4)^(alpha-1)-V(phi) and the cascading step potential: neither CLASS nor CAMB evolves the perturbations of a single field whose kinetic energy clusters as dark matter with c_s^2=(2 alpha-1)^-1 while the staircase potential drives (possibly transient) acceleration, so the transfer function and Jeans-scale viability test cannot be computed, and the potential's step transitions need careful numerical treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a k-essence/UDM module that takes the background solution for this potential (with a smoothed parameterization of the vacuum-energy steps) and evolves the exact scalar perturbation equations, or as a first pass map the model onto CLASS's generalized-dark-matter fluid with w(a) from the background solve and constant c_s^2=(2 alpha-1)^-1, validating the pressureless large-alpha limit against the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_09767_starobinsky_type_unified_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical Starobinsky-type unified dark sector", "family": "noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_sector", "arxiv": "1803.09767", "score": 45.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements linear perturbations for the non-canonical unified dark sector L=X(X/M^4)^(alpha-1)-V(phi), whose effective sound speed c_s^2=(2 alpha-1)^-1 and Jeans scale set the clustering viability; CLASS/CAMB only offer constant-c_s fluids or canonical scalar fields.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the CLASS scalar-field (scf) or fluid module to a general k-essence Lagrangian L(X,phi), passing the background-dependent c_s^2 and adiabatic/non-adiabatic pressure terms into the perturbation equations, and validate against the large-alpha analytic limit c_s^2=(2 alpha-1)^-1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_08579_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08579", "score": 45.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public momentum-level Boltzmann solver covers neutrino-portal freeze-in with both resonant (on-shell N decay) and non-resonant (off-shell N) production, so the nonthermal f(p) that both the relic density and the free-streaming constraint depend on cannot be recomputed outside the authors' private code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or obtain release of) an unintegrated Boltzmann solver for the L h -> N -> chi phi chain with resonant and 2-to-2 off-shell contributions, outputting tabulated f(q) in the CLASS ncdm psd-file format; extending micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module to momentum level is a natural host.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_11889_neutrino_nugget_kination_ede_v1", "model_name": "Early mass-varying sterile-neutrino nugget dark matter with kination-diluted scalar EDE", "family": "sterile_neutrino_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.11889", "score": 44, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-code implementation of the neutrino-scalar EDE fluid with a nugget-formation transition into a kination-like (w=1) scalar phase; the paper's modified CLASS patch (w(z), c_s^2(z) GDM transition plus kination dilution) is private with no repository.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the transition in public CLASS as a generalized-dark-matter component with parametrized w(z) and c_s^2(z) switching from w=1/3-like EDE to w=1 kination at z_F (analogous to existing public EDE branches such as CLASS_EDE/AxiCLASS), release it with MontePython parameter files, and validate against the paper's quoted Omega_nuphi, z_F, and H0 best-fit values.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_13554_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "UV freeze-in baryogenesis with scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.13554", "score": 42, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the coupled freeze-in plus CP-violating scattering asymmetry Boltzmann equations for the dimension-5 complex-scalar model with vector-like leptons; the paper's numerical scans are custom and unreleased, so Y_B and the viable Lambda-T_RH band cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled yield and B-L asymmetry equations (dimension-5 collision terms, tree-loop interference CP source, sphaleron conversion) in a released standalone solver, e.g. a Python/ULYSSES-style momentum-averaged Boltzmann code validated against the paper's Lambda-T_RH scaling for Omega_DM h^2 = 0.12 and Y_B = 8.71e-11.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1810_09474_unified_superfluid_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Unified superfluid dark sector", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1810.09474", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public background-plus-linear-perturbation code evolves the two-state superfluid mixture with its Josephson/Rabi cosine coupling V = M^4 cos^2((theta_2-theta_1+Delta E t)/2), so H(z), the growth function, and the growth rate cannot be computed without re-deriving and re-integrating the coupled effective-fluid equations by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled two-superfluid background and linear perturbation equations as two interacting effective fluids with time-dependent equations of state and sound speeds in CLASS (new species module with the cosine interaction source terms), validating against the paper's fiducial H(z), growth-function, and growth-rate plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_11889_neutrino_nugget_simple_cdm_transition_v1", "model_name": "Early mass-varying sterile-neutrino nugget dark matter, simple CDM-transition variant", "family": "sterile_neutrino_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.11889", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of the EDE-to-CDM fluid transition (w(z), negative c_s^2 during instability, transition duration) for the neutrino-nugget component; the paper's modified CLASS patch is private with no repository.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the fluid transition as a generalized-dark-matter species in public CLASS with parametrized w(z), c_s^2(z), z_F, and transition duration, release it with MontePython support, and validate against the paper's Planck residual-versus-z_F behavior.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_08062_mixed_minimal_cannibal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mixed cold plus minimal cannibal dark matter", "family": "multi_component_cannibal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.08062", "score": 40.75, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-code implementation of the cannibal fluid exists: the logarithmic temperature history, w_can(a), sound speed, and fluid perturbation equations for a percent-level cannibal subcomponent coexisting with cold dark matter are written in the paper but not available in CLASS or CAMB, so R(k) cannot be computed with public tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a cannibal-fluid species implementing the paper's background scaling (parameterized by m, S_can, lambda, f_can,0) and its fluid perturbation equations with the self-scattering-supported sound speed, and validate against the paper's published R(k) suppression curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_2217_dodelson_widrow_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2217", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public N-body initial-conditions generator implements the kurtosis-dependent peculiar-velocity enhancement V(k,z) and coarse-grained phase-space correction Q_cg for the DW distribution; the corrections exist only as the paper's Born/Fredholm perturbative formalism at z~30-50.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the WDM velocity and phase-space corrections as an initial-conditions module (e.g. extending MUSIC/monofonIC) parameterized by f(y), m, and g_d, validated against the paper's 10-15 percent corrections near k~1-2 k_fs and a CLASS run with the DW ncdm distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_6630_331_wimpy_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "331 WIMPy dark radiation model", "family": "mixed_thermal_nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1308.6630", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for this model's mixed cold-thermal WIMP plus decay-produced relativistic WIMP subcomponent; the Delta N_eff contribution and the warm-fraction suppression of small-scale power are currently handled only by the analytic f-Delta N_eff benchmark relation rather than a full perturbation calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the decay-produced relativistic daughter population as an ncdm species with a non-thermal two-body-decay phase-space distribution f(p; M_N1R/M_WIMP, tau_N1R) in CLASS, alongside the dominant cold component, to compute Delta N_eff at equality and the scale-dependent power suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_phi_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Out-of-equilibrium scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public phase-space Boltzmann solver computes f_N1(p,T) for UV freeze-in of phi through L H -> N_{2,3} processes followed by late phi -> N1 N1 decay; the paper's momentum-dependent collision-term solution is private, so the registry cannot regenerate the distribution that feeds every downstream observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the unintegrated freeze-in collision terms and parent-decay injection in a public momentum-level Boltzmann code (e.g. extend a DRAKE-style or CLASS ncdm-preprocessing solver) parameterized by (m_N1, m_phi, x_1, T_RH, phi lifetime), validated against the paper's abundance curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_susy_equilibrium_scalar_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric equilibrium-scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public phase-space Boltzmann solver implements this model's freeze-in production channels (UV/IR freeze-in involving an equilibrium scalar phi plus sterile-sneutrino decays with variable parent lifetimes), so the momentum distribution f_N1(p,T) that feeds every downstream observable can only be reproduced by rewriting the paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's unintegrated collision terms (phi-mediated freeze-in plus two-body parent decays) in a public momentum-level freeze-in code, e.g. as a module that outputs tabulated f(p) on a (m_N1, m_phi, x_1, T_RH, tau_Ntilde1) grid in the CLASS ncdm psd-file format.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_susy_phi_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric out-of-equilibrium scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public phase-space Boltzmann solver computes the two-component f_N1(p,T) sourced by both phi -> N1 N1 decays and sterile-sneutrino Ntilde1 decays with distinct lifetimes (momentum bumps near x ~ 100 and x ~ 1e4); the paper's momentum-level solution is private, blocking regeneration of the distribution that feeds all downstream observables.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement freeze-in collision terms plus multi-parent decay injection in a public momentum-level Boltzmann code (extend a DRAKE-style solver or a CLASS ncdm-preprocessing module) parameterized by (m_N1, m_phi, x_1, T_RH, tau_Ntilde1), validated against the paper's two-bump spectra and abundance curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_03644_late_sommerfeld_dm_to_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Late Sommerfeld-enhanced dark-matter conversion to dark radiation", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.03644", "score": 40.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Boltzmann-solver modification implementing late DM-to-dark-radiation conversion (background density transfer parameterized by zeta and a_t plus the compensating dark-radiation perturbations) is a private modified CAMB; no public solver reproduces the CMB/LSS predictions for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the (zeta, a_t, transition-rapidity) conversion background and perturbation equations in public CLASS (or obtain and release the original modified CAMB), validated by recovering LambdaCDM at zeta=0 and the published Planck-era limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_03440_inflaton_decay_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-decay singlet-fermion dark matter with inflaton-mediated scatterings", "family": "nonthermal_reheating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.03440", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public phase-space Boltzmann solver exists for inflaton-decay dark matter with inflaton-mediated 2->2 collision terms, Pauli blocking, and back-reaction during reheating; the paper's custom solver is private, so the benchmark distributions (and any parameter scan beyond the TeV-scale examples) cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement and release the binned f(k,t) kinetic solver with the paper's collision terms, validated by reproducing the benchmark lambda_FSH values of 0.0734 Mpc (collisionless) and 0.0020 Mpc (with collisions) for the 10 keV, m_phi = 5 TeV, T_R = 1 TeV point, and optimize the collision integrals to enable a global parameter scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_05714_flavor_blind_zprime_mev_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-blind Z-prime mediated complex scalar MeV dark matter", "family": "thermal_mev_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.05714", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The three-sector coupled Boltzmann solver that self-consistently tracks Y_chi, T_gamma, T_nu, and chemical potentials through neutrino decoupling is not publicly released, so the joint relic-density and N_eff solution (including the quoted ~7 MeV Planck exclusion) cannot be reproduced or recast for other branching ratios and s-wave variants.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public MeV-era neutrino-decoupling code (e.g. a NUDEC_BSM-style temperature/chemical-potential solver) with the complex-scalar yield equation and the paper's Z-prime collision terms, validating against the Standard Model N_eff limit and the quoted flavor-blind p-wave 7 MeV exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_12336_thermal_dark_matter_kination_v1", "model_name": "Thermal dark matter freeze-out during kination", "family": "thermal_kination_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.12336", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/freeze-out solver supports a kinaton-dominated expansion history: the required <sigma v> during kination must currently be computed with a bespoke modified-Hubble solver not released as a general tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public relic-abundance solver (micrOMEGAs or a DRAKE-style Boltzmann code) with a user-specified H(T) including a kinaton rho ~ a^-6 component and entropy bookkeeping through kinaton-radiation equality, parameterized by T_KR.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_3113_neutrino_interacting_asymmetric_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-interacting asymmetric dark matter with a charged mediator", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3113", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/transfer-function implementation exists for this model's DM-neutrino elastic scattering with late (keV-scale) kinetic decoupling; the card relies on the analytic M_cutoff ~ 1e8 Msun (keV/T_d)^3 estimate rather than a numerically evolved linear power spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's momentum-transfer rate (from m_chi, m_phi, g and the relativistic-neutrino scattering cross section) onto the ETHOS a_n dark-matter/dark-radiation parameterization in a modified CLASS, treating the neutrino bath as the interacting radiation species, and output transfer functions across the T_d ~ keV regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_01928_singlet_susy_singlino_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-SUSY singlino self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01928", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic abundance is computed only via an instant-freeze-out analytic approximation at an assumed dark-sector temperature ratio; no Boltzmann solver is set up for two-temperature hidden-sector freeze-out of the singlino into singlet scalars, limiting the precision of the Omega h^2 selection cut.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the hidden-sector Boltzmann equation with a dark-to-visible temperature ratio, e.g. via micrOMEGAs' two-sector mode or a small custom code tracking the dark-sector temperature evolution, using the paper's annihilation amplitudes to HH, AA, and HA.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_07926_electrically_charged_champ_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electrically charged massive particle dark matter", "family": "charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.07926", "score": 38.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements CHAMP-baryon Coulomb drag with late kinetic re-coupling (no tight-coupling assumption); the paper's modified CAMB following CHAMP, baryon, photon, neutrino, and metric perturbations was not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the CHAMP-baryon momentum-exchange terms (Debye-screened Coulomb Gamma with kinetic re-coupling) in the coupled Euler equations of public CLASS or CAMB, parameterized by (m_Ch, q_Ch, tau_Ch), and validate against the paper's Gamma/H curves for 1e10-1e12 GeV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_00129_lrsm_n1_triplet_scalar_diluted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal LRSM N1 dark matter with right-handed triplet scalar dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.00129", "score": 38.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the right-handed triplet-scalar dilutor cosmology: coupled evolution of scalar matter domination, entropy release before BBN, and the secondary N1 momentum distribution from the suppressed Delta_R -> N1 N1 branch, including scalar widths set by Higgs mixing and off-shell W_R channels not fully encoded on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a semi-analytic dilutor module taking (M_DeltaR, lifetime, Br_Delta_to_N1, theta_h, M_WR) that outputs the dilution factor and two-component N1 f(p) for CLASS, including a scalar-width calculator for the two-body, off-shell-W_R, diphoton, and Higgs-mixing channels; validate against the paper's percent-level branching bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_06876_composite_adm_dark_photon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Composite asymmetric dark matter with a dark photon portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06876", "score": 38.25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No thermal-history integrator exists for the dark-photon recoupling scenario: computing N_eff(m_Aprime, epsilon, T_dark) through dark-sector entropy transfer above versus below neutrino decoupling is done only with the paper's analytic recoupling condition, not a solved temperature evolution.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a coupled background/energy-transfer solver (extending the neutrino-decoupling machinery of nudec_BSM or a modified CLASS background module) that evolves the dark photon plus dark-pion bath through decay and recoupling and outputs N_eff over the (m_Aprime, epsilon) plane, validated against the paper's viable band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_08409_inelastic_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic Dirac Dark Matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.08409", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver handles the coupled chi_1/chi_2 number and momentum-distribution evolution f_i(x, q_i) required for coscattering and conversion-driven freeze-out at feeble couplings; the paper's custom solver is private and micrOMEGAs applies only where chemical and kinetic equilibrium hold.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public kinetic-decoupling framework such as DRAKE (or add a micrOMEGAs module) to a two-state inelastic system with off-diagonal conversion, decay, and inverse-decay terms, taking amplitudes from the stated i2DM FeynRules model and validating against the paper's Omega h^2 contours in the partner-annihilation and conversion regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_08795_sterile_neutrino_singlet_freeze_in_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from singlet-scalar freeze-in and dark-sector freeze-out", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08795", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the coupled Boltzmann system for Higgs-portal freeze-in of the scalar singlet together with dark-sector thermalisation and the resulting dark-to-visible temperature ratio z; public freeze-in tools compute yields but not the self-thermalising dark-bath temperature evolution that sets z and the N distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone Boltzmann code) to evolve the dark-sector energy density and temperature from the Higgs-portal collision term, outputting z(lambda_p, scalar masses) and flagging the thermalisation boundary in parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_2968_gravitino_lsp_right_handed_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino LSP dark matter with right-handed sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.2968", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the mixed cold-plus-warm gravitino population: the late-decay component has a nonthermal decay-kinematics phase-space distribution and fraction f_warm, so the single thermal-WDM mapping is explicitly invalid and no model-specific transfer function can currently be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-component gravitino population in CLASS's non-cold-dark-matter module, supplying the late-decay f(q) (delta-function momentum at production redshifted from tau_snuR) alongside the cold thermal-scattering component, parameterized by (f_warm, tau_snuR, m_3/2).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_02847_multiple_sm_sector_dissipative_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark matter from multiple Standard Model sectors", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.02847", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modified Boltzmann-code implementation exists for N_sec hidden Standard Model copies with colder sector temperatures, dark acoustic oscillations, and dark-photon diffusion damping, so the CMB/LSS consistency and the smooth transfer-function cutoff cannot be computed quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a multi-fluid hidden sector (dark baryons, dark electrons, dark photons, dark neutrino-like radiation per copy) adapting existing atomic-dark-matter/ETHOS-style implementations, parameterized by N_sec, the sector temperature ratio, and epsilon, to produce transfer functions and Delta-N_eff for the CMB/LSS consistency check.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_split_seesaw_bl_thermal_dilution_v1", "model_name": "split-seesaw B-L thermal sterile neutrino with entropy dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CAMB used to compute transfer functions for the entropy-diluted, redshifted nonthermal sterile-neutrino momentum distribution is not publicly released, so the colder-than-Higgs-decay transfer cutoff cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the diluted sterile-neutrino distribution as a non-cold relic in public CLASS (ncdm sector with tabulated f(q) rescaled by the dilution redshift factor r_p ~ 5) and validate against the paper's quoted thermal-WDM equivalent masses (1.1, 2.6, 4.9, 8.4 keV for m_s = 1, 3, 7, 14 keV).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal scalar-singlet dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated nonthermal Boltzmann solver is set up for scalar-singlet freeze-in through the competing Higgs-decay, sterile-neutrino-decay, and NLSP late-decay channels, whose relative importance depends on the dark-sector mass ordering.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or write a coupled-Boltzmann code tracking Y_DM and Y_NLSP with Higgs, sterile-neutrino, and NLSP source terms, validated against the paper's lambda_ds ~ 1e-12 to 1e-8 example yields.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_05318_dark_dimension_kk_graviton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark Dimension KK-graviton dark matter", "family": "extra_dimension_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.05318", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver module implements a dark-matter species with a time-dependent, decay-sourced momentum distribution f0(p,t) (Gaussian spread around p0(t) from intra-tower KK-graviton decays); the paper's modified CLASS/CAMB-style implementation, including the single-parameter v0 limit and any generalization to a full decay-lifetime distribution, is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the kick-velocity distribution in CLASS as a non-cold-DM species with a time-dependent phase-space source term (extending the existing ncdm and decaying-DM machinery), validate the CDM limit as v0 -> 0, and reproduce the paper's Planck v0 < ~1.2e-3 and KiDS 1e4 v0 < ~2.2 bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_00129_lrsm_n1_n2_diluted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal LRSM N1 dark matter with N2 entropy dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.00129", "score": 36.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public released solver for the N2 dilutor cosmology: coupled Boltzmann evolution of N2 matter domination, entropy injection with BBN timing, and the momentum distribution of the hot secondary N1 component from partial N2 decays; the paper's calculation is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a semi-analytic dilutor module (e.g. building on public early-matter-domination codes or a light Boltzmann-hierarchy wrapper feeding CLASS) that takes (m_N2, tau_N2, Br_N1, M_WR) and outputs the dilution factor and the two-component N1 f(p), validated against the paper's 6.5-30 keV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_4034_early_matter_domination_daughter_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Early matter domination with nearly degenerate daughter WIMP dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_thermal_history_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.4034", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/perturbation solver evolves small-scale modes through an early matter-dominated era with mother decay, daughter branching fraction f_b, and the daughter free-streaming cutoff from near-degenerate two-body decay kinematics; the enhanced power spectrum and cutoff scale k_cut are currently only estimated analytically.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a three-fluid (mother matter, radiation, daughter DM) background plus perturbation module including the decay source terms and a daughter momentum distribution derived from the m/M degeneracy, outputting T(k) and k_cut as functions of (Gamma, f_b, m/M, <sigma v>).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_1071_neutrino_portal_secluded_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino portal secluded dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1071", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann implementation computes the secluded-sector thermal history, DM-neutrino kinetic decoupling (T_KD ~ 0.1 keV), the resulting smooth-cutoff transfer function, and the delayed neutrino free-streaming CMB effect for this U(1)_X neutrino-portal model with sterile-active mixing.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ETHOS-parameterized modified CLASS (or an existing nu-DM interacting branch of CLASS) with the model's g_X, g_nu, theta_s scattering rates to compute T_KD, the linear power-spectrum cutoff, and CMB anisotropy shifts from delayed neutrino free streaming.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_02338_pseudoscalar_hidden_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-scalar mediator dark matter with hidden neutrinos", "family": "interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02338", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the coupled dark-matter/pseudoscalar-mediator/hidden-neutrino perturbations with sudden kinetic decoupling; the paper's modified CAMB is private and the standard ETHOS parameterization does not capture the rapid mediator-density drop that produces enhanced (not just damped) DAO peaks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's momentum-transfer rate gamma(T) and dark sound-speed/imperfect-fluid equations as an extension of the ETHOS-style interacting-DM module in CLASS (or patch CAMB), parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, g_chi, g_nu, T_hidden/T_visible), and validate against the primary paper's oscillatory power-spectrum figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_13555_symmetry_restored_2hdm_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Symmetry-restored 2HDM plus 7.1 keV sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.13555", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical freeze-in pipeline exists for this 2HDM+3NR model that computes both the N1 relic yield and the decay-produced N1 momentum distribution f(q) from thermal scalar decays; the paper provides only the leading analytic abundance formula without the spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or a small dedicated Boltzmann integrator) for S -> N1 + lepton with thermal parents, additionally solving the unintegrated momentum-space equation to output f(q) — following the known decay-production spectra for scalar-decay sterile neutrinos — and pass f(q) to CLASS as an ncdm species.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_04124_fimp_dirac_singlet_2hdm_v1", "model_name": "FIMP Dirac singlet dark matter in extended neutrino 2HDM", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.04124", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann implementation exists for freeze-in production of the Dirac singlet FIMP from out-of-equilibrium right-handed-neutrino decays with the leptogenesis-linked parameters (Y_N1, K1, Br_chi) of this A4 x Z4 neutrino-2HDM; the calculation currently lives only in the paper's private equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in a public freeze-in framework: encode the N1 -> chi + scalar decay channel and N1 abundance evolution in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or extend a leptogenesis Boltzmann code such as ULYSSES to co-evolve the dark branching ratio and FIMP yield, validated against the paper's benchmark plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_13754_z3_dirac_fermion_nonthermal_dm_self_interacting_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 Dirac fermion dark matter from self-interacting scalar freeze-out", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13754", "score": 35.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-abundance code implements 3-to-2 cannibal freeze-out for a Z3 complex scalar with a separately evolving dark-sector temperature, so the parent yield underpinning both observables cannot be computed with named tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the 3-to-2 collision terms from the Z3 cubic coupling in a coupled (n_phi, T_dark) Boltzmann solver — either extending the micrOMEGAs hidden-sector machinery or writing a dedicated cannibal-freeze-out module — scanning M_phi = 0.1-100 GeV and self couplings 0.001-1 to reproduce the paper's scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_13754_z3_dirac_fermion_nonthermal_dm_self_interacting_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 Dirac fermion dark matter from self-interacting scalar freeze-out", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13754", "score": 35.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves the late scalar decay into dark matter plus active neutrinos between neutrino decoupling and recombination beyond the sudden-decay approximation, limiting the precision of the Delta N_eff prediction targeted at Planck and CMB-S4 sensitivity.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a Boltzmann module coupling the phi decay term (lifetime set by y1) to the neutrino and photon baths, tracking energy injection and Delta N_eff through the BBN-to-CMB window, validated against the sudden-decay limit and interfaced to CLASS.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_0191_nonthermal_warm_wino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal warm wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0191", "score": 35.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code computes the neutral-wino momentum distribution and warm fraction from late gravitino decay including charged-wino electromagnetic energy loss and electroweak scattering on the thermal plasma; the paper's calculation is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's injection-plus-energy-loss Boltzmann equation as a public module that outputs a tabulated phase-space distribution f(q) and warm fraction, formatted for direct use as a CLASS ncdm species alongside a cold wino component.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0705_2406_decaying_majoron_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.2406", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's modified CAMB/CosmoMC solver for a flat cosmology in which all dark matter is a majoron decaying nonradiatively to neutrinos is private/unreleased, so the CMB constraint cannot be reproduced or updated to Planck data without rebuilding the solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the public CLASS decaying-CDM-to-dark-radiation (dcdm->dr) module to the majoron case (decay products as free-streaming neutrino-like radiation, no stable CDM component), couple it to the Planck 2018 likelihood in Cobaya/MontePython, and validate by recovering the WMAP-era limits Gamma_J < 1.3e-19 s^-1 and tau_J > 250 Gyr.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4391_gravitino_nlsp_to_n_superpartner_and_n_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino NLSP decay to N-superpartner plus stable N", "family": "supersymmetric_late_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4391", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for a late invisible two-body decay producing one massive (N-superpartner) plus one lighter stable (N) daughter with the full injected phase-space distribution; the card relies on analytic median-velocity estimates, blocking precision Delta N_eff, CMB, and linear transfer-function predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the CLASS decaying-CDM/dark-radiation module to two-body decays with massive daughters, evolving the daughter distribution function f(q, tau) from the delta-function injection at decay, parameterized by (parent mass, daughter masses, lifetime, initial abundance), and output Delta N_eff(z) and matter transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4391_n_superpartner_nlsp_to_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "N-superpartner NLSP decay to gravitino-dominated dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_late_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4391", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for a late invisible two-body decay producing a GeV-scale gravitino plus the lighter stable N with the full injected phase-space distribution; the card relies on analytic median-velocity estimates, blocking precision Delta N_eff, CMB, and linear transfer-function predictions for the mixed gravitino-plus-N dark matter.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the CLASS decaying-CDM/dark-radiation module to two-body decays with two massive daughters of different masses, evolving each daughter's distribution function f(q, tau) from the delta-function injection at decay, parameterized by (parent mass, daughter masses, lifetime, initial abundance), and output Delta N_eff(z) and matter transfer functions for the two-component relic.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition vector dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the FOPT bubble-collision particle-production pipeline (field-excitation spectra to nonthermal vector yield to Omega_DM h^2) even at the level of the paper's prescription; the card lists a particle-production implementation as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a module on top of a CosmoTransitions-class finite-temperature code that takes a user potential, computes (alpha, beta_over_H, wall gamma), evaluates the paper's yield formulas for the lambda_V |phi|^2 V_mu V^mu coupling including the longitudinal mode, and outputs Omega_DM h^2 with entropy-dilution bookkeeping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_04430_fourth_family_dirac_neutrino_zprime_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-family Dirac-neutrino Z' WIMP", "family": "zprime_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.04430", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs or an equivalent Boltzmann code) exists for the non-universal U(1)' model with a fourth vector-like family, including the mixing-induced b and muon couplings, so the joint relic-density scan cannot be run out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian (Z', vector-like fourth family, mixing matrices) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and validate a micrOMEGAs relic-density scan against the primary paper's viable band in M_Zprime and m_chi.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01214_scalar_field_fluctuation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar field fluctuation dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_inflationary_fluctuation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.01214", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists that propagates the scalar-fluctuation DM isocurvature spectrum P_S(k) (blue-tilted, set by m, H_*, and the stochastic field variance) through to the CMB and the matter power spectrum, so the predicted small-scale power enhancement cannot be computed and no survey limit can be quoted.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's uncorrelated DM-radiation isocurvature initial condition in CLASS with the primordial P_S(k) computed from the stochastic spectator-scalar variance as a function of (m, H_*, chi_*), and output the enhanced matter transfer function and CMB isocurvature spectra, validating against the benchmark numbers quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_13754_z3_dirac_fermion_nonthermal_dm_higgs_portal_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 Dirac fermion dark matter from Higgs-portal scalar freeze-out", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13754", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves the late scalar decay into dark matter plus active neutrinos between neutrino decoupling and recombination beyond the sudden-decay approximation, so Delta N_eff and the injected neutrino spectrum carry uncontrolled approximation error in the regime Planck and future CMB precision probes.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small Boltzmann module coupling the phi decay term (lifetime set by y1) to the neutrino and photon baths, tracking energy injection and Delta N_eff through BBN-to-CMB times, and validate it against the sudden-decay limit; interface its output to CLASS for CMB-era use.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_pseudoscalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of this model's t-averaged pseudoscalar DM-hidden-neutrino collision term exists; ETHOS-class CLASS modifications assume power-law momentum-transfer rates and do not encode the zero-momentum vs t-averaged prescription difference the paper shows is a leading systematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the ETHOS-modified CLASS hierarchy with the paper's t-averaged pseudoscalar reaction rate (as a tabulated Gamma(T) rather than a power law) and validate against the primary paper's dark-acoustic-oscillation transfer functions and the perfect/imperfect fluid comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_pseudovector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Pseudovector-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the DM-hidden-neutrino collision term for the pseudovector mediator with the paper's t-averaged reaction rate and imperfect-fluid corrections; existing ETHOS-type modified CLASS versions parameterize the drag rate differently and do not cover the regime where the perfect-fluid approximation fails.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the ETHOS parameterization in a modified CLASS to accept the pseudovector-mediator t-averaged momentum-transfer rate as an opacity input and add the higher Boltzmann-hierarchy moments needed beyond the perfect-fluid approximation, validating against the primary paper's transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the DM-hidden-neutrino collision term for the scalar mediator with the paper's t-averaged reaction rate and imperfect-fluid corrections; existing ETHOS-type modified CLASS versions parameterize the drag rate differently and do not cover the strongly momentum-dependent scattering regime where the perfect-fluid approximation fails.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the ETHOS parameterization in a modified CLASS to accept the scalar-mediator t-averaged momentum-transfer rate as an opacity input and add the higher Boltzmann-hierarchy moments needed beyond the perfect-fluid approximation, validating against the primary paper's transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the DM-hidden-neutrino collision term for the vector mediator with the paper's t-averaged reaction rate and imperfect-fluid corrections; existing ETHOS-type modified CLASS versions use a power-law drag-rate parameterization and do not cover the regime where the perfect-fluid approximation fails.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the ETHOS parameterization in a modified CLASS to accept the vector-mediator t-averaged momentum-transfer rate as an opacity input and add the higher Boltzmann-hierarchy moments needed beyond the perfect-fluid approximation, validating against the primary paper's transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_pseudo_dirac_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver handles hidden-sector 4-to-2 SIMP freeze-out with an independent dark-sector temperature and the two-state chi_1/chi_2 network, so the relic abundance, dark temperature history, and the late excited-state ratio R_0 that controls all downstream signals cannot be computed with existing packages (micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY cover standard 2-to-2 freeze-out and freeze-in only).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a coupled temperature-and-abundance solver (micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector mode or a DRAKE-style code) with 4-to-2 collision terms and the chi_1/chi_2/V reaction network, importing the paper's CalcHEP/FeynArts matrix elements, and output Omega h^2, T_dark(t), and R_0 over the (m, Delta m, m_V, g_V, epsilon) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_07078_dark_fermion_decay_injection_self_scattering_v1", "model_name": "Dark fermion self-scattering with scalar-decay injection", "family": "mixed_thermal_nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07078", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public momentum-dependent Boltzmann solver includes the elastic self-scattering collision term (dark-photon-mediated psi psi -> psi psi) together with late decay injection S -> psi psi; the paper's DRAKE extension implementing these is not released, and the public DRAKE version cannot reproduce the up-to-orders-of-magnitude nBE/fBE relic differences.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public DRAKE fBE framework with the 2->2 self-scattering collision integral (using the paper's parameterization of the dark-U(1) amplitude) and a decay source term, validated against the paper's resonance, threshold, and late-injection benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_01144_light_dirac_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light Dirac neutrino portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.01144", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the coupled Boltzmann equations for chi dark matter and right-handed-neutrino dark radiation across the three phi regimes (phi in equilibrium, superWIMP-like freeze-out-then-decay, and Higgs-portal freeze-in of phi), including the phase-space distribution f(p,T) needed downstream.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in MicrOMEGAs 5's freeze-in module for the yield calculation and release a companion unintegrated-Boltzmann solver for f(p,T) covering all three phi thermal histories, validated against the paper's benchmark Delta N_eff of order 1e-3 and its relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_17564_fopt_rescued_self_interacting_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition rescued self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17564", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the two-stage relic calculation in which a first freeze-out with a near-threshold mediator is followed by a post-FOPT second annihilation era after the mediator mass drops; standard relic codes cannot handle the time-dependent mediator mass across the transition.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated Boltzmann solver (or extend micrOMEGAs with a temperature-dependent mediator mass m_phi(T) switching at T_n) that evolves the chi abundance through freeze-out, the transition, and the second annihilation stage, validated against the paper benchmark m_chi = 0.438 GeV, alpha_chi = 0.145.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_3278_partially_interacting_dark_atom_dao_v1", "model_name": "Partially interacting dark-atom dark matter with dark acoustic oscillations", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.3278", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the full dark-atom perturbation system for this model: dark recombination of the dark plasma, dark Thomson and Rayleigh scattering opacities, and the DM-dark-radiation tight-coupling regime for an interacting fraction f_int; the original analysis code is not released and generic ETHOS parameterizations do not capture the atomic recombination history.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with an atomic-dark-matter module: add a RECFAST-style dark-recombination solver for dark hydrogen (parameters alpha_D, m_D, B_D, xi), the corresponding dark-photon drag terms including Rayleigh scattering, and a partially-interacting fraction f_int, validating the tight-coupling limit against the ETHOS implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_07659_decoupled_real_scalar_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decoupled self-interacting real scalar dark matter", "family": "real_scalar_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.07659", "score": 33.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the relic abundance of a decoupled self-thermalizing real scalar with relativistic Bose-Einstein statistics, 2-to-4 number-changing self-reactions, dark-sector temperature evolution, and an effective chemical potential; the paper relied on private numerical integrations of the collision terms.", "proposed_resolution": "Release a standalone integrator (or extend the hidden-sector freeze-out machinery in micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY) that evolves the coupled dark-temperature and chemical-potential equations with Bose-Einstein collision integrals for SS <-> SSSS processes, parameterized by (m, lambda, T_dark_initial, mu).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_13224_inflationary_vector_dark_matter_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced vector dark matter with neutrino decays", "family": "inflationary_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.13224", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented background integrator maps (m, H_I, g) through the vector decay history to Delta N_eff(z) at recombination; the paper's instantaneous-decay estimate is only approximate and the card lists the decay integrator as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the inflation-produced vector as a decaying matter component in the CLASS dcdm-to-dark-radiation module (or an equivalent stiff-ODE background solver), with the decay products routed into the neutrino radiation density and the injection window restricted to between neutrino decoupling and photon decoupling; validate against the paper's approximate Delta N_eff proportional to (H_I/1e14 GeV)^2 (1e-8/g) scaling and the zero-BBN-Delta-N_eff test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_12290_q_ball_model_a_solitosynthesis_v1", "model_name": "Q-ball dark matter from Model A solitosynthesis", "family": "nontopological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12290", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solitosynthesis Boltzmann solver exists for evolving the charge-binned Q-ball species network (free S/anti-S capture, fusion, charge exchange, and freeze-out of the total Q-ball number density) in Model A; the paper's coupled-Boltzmann validation code is not released, so the relic abundance and charge distribution cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release a charge-binned coupled Boltzmann network (species Q = 1..Q_max with geometric capture/fusion rates and the Model A mass spectrum m_Q ~ Q^(3/4)), validated against the paper's analytic charge-domination and freeze-out estimates and its published benchmark regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_12290_q_ball_model_b_solitosynthesis_v1", "model_name": "Q-ball dark matter from Model B solitosynthesis", "family": "nontopological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12290", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solitosynthesis Boltzmann solver exists for evolving the charge-binned Q-ball species network in Model B, including the altered large-Q mass scaling from the nonzero repulsive S self-quartic; the paper's coupled-Boltzmann code is not released, so relic abundance and charge distribution cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release a charge-binned coupled Boltzmann network with the Model B mass spectrum (small-Q and large-Q regimes with lambda_S-dependent scaling), geometric capture/fusion rates, and charge-asymmetry initial conditions, validated against the paper's benchmark solitosynthesis regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07753_forbidden_leptophilic_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Forbidden leptophilic Dirac-fermion dark matter with scalar mediator", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.07753", "score": 33.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full momentum-dependent Boltzmann solver with the complete elastic collision term (beyond the Fokker-Planck approximation) for forbidden leptophilic freeze-out is a private authors' C/CVODE code; no public tool reproduces the relic-density shifts that redefine the viable parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Release the authors' solver, or extend DRAKE's fBE mode with the fully angular-integrated elastic collision term for scalar-mediated lepton scattering near forbidden thresholds, validating against the paper's nBE-vs-fBE relic shifts and the Fokker-Planck comparison benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_06341_mirror_twin_higgs_reheaton_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror Twin Higgs reheaton baryogenesis atomic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.06341", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of Mirror-Twin-Higgs atomic dark matter exists for this model: twin recombination (twin hydrogen and twin helium), twin BAO features, and the f_aDM/Delta N_eff parameterization needed to reproduce the imported Planck/BAO bounds are only available in private modified codes from related studies.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the twin-sector fluid (twin baryons coupled to twin photons with a twin recombination history including twin helium) as a public CLASS extension parameterized by (f_aDM, Delta N_eff, f/v, twin binding energies), validated against the published twin-BAO bounds, and expose it to Cobaya/MontePython likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition scalar dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the FOPT bubble-collision particle-production pipeline (field-excitation spectra to nonthermal scalar yield to Omega_DM h^2) even at the level of the paper's prescription; the card lists a particle-production implementation as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a module on top of a CosmoTransitions-class finite-temperature code that takes a user potential, computes (alpha, beta_over_H, wall gamma), evaluates the paper's yield formulas for the lambda_s phi^2 phi_s^2 coupling, and outputs Omega_DM h^2 with entropy-dilution bookkeeping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_10358_hyperlight_coupled_scalar_late_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hyperlight coupled scalar late dark matter", "family": "hyperlight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.10358", "score": 33.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS+HyRec Boltzmann code implementing scalar-dependent m_e and alpha at recombination together with the hyperlight scalar's background and perturbation evolution (m_phi about 1e-32 to 1e-28 eV) is cited by the paper but no public repository was resolved, so CMB/LSS predictions for this model cannot currently be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain the authors' CLASS/HyRec patch (the reference cited in arXiv:2405.10358) or reimplement it by combining an existing varying-constant CLASS branch with the standard ultralight-scalar fluid/field perturbation module, validating against the paper's LambdaCDM limit and quoted percent/permille shift and scalar-fraction posteriors.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1106_0536_scalar_decay_reheating_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-decay-produced cold dark matter after low-temperature reheating", "family": "nonthermal_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.0536", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann implementation exists for the three-fluid reheating perturbation equations (pressureless scalar parent, coupled radiation, decay-produced CDM with production velocity v_RH); only the paper's fitting functions are available, limiting evaluation to the fitted parameter regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with the early-matter-domination fluid system (scalar source terms in the dcdm-like sector plus a decay-produced CDM species with tabulated production velocity), validating against the paper's fitting functions and the standard CDM limit for modes entering after reheating.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_05056_pseudo_sakharon_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-sakharon long-lived dark matter", "family": "long_lived_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.05056", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No relic-density implementation exists for the pseudo-sakharon scalar sector: the S S -> h_xi h_xi freeze-out with the m_S > m_hxi hierarchy and suppressed Higgs portal has not been encoded in any public Boltzmann solver, so Omega_S h^2 rests on the paper's approximate 1 pb target only.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) model file for the two-scalar sector (S, h_xi) with lambda_xi and the small Higgs portal, and solve the freeze-out Boltzmann equation across the (m_S, m_hxi, lambda_xi) plane, validating against the paper's canonical 1 pb benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_06220_late_universe_two_body_decaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Late-universe two-body decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.06220", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No mainline Boltzmann-solver implementation of two-body decaying dark matter with a warm massive daughter is packaged for this card; the linear CMB/matter-power prediction relies on a modified-CLASS fluid approximation from related papers that is not integrated or validated for the full tau-epsilon range used here.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt the public modified CLASS with the two-body DDM warm-daughter fluid approximation (Abellan et al. line of work cited as 2102.12498), validate it against the paper's background solution in the LCDM limits (tau to infinity, epsilon to 0), and register it as the route's Boltzmann step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02904_lepton_portal_freeze_in_scalar_hierarchical_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal freeze-in scalar with hierarchical lepton couplings", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02904", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-code extension plus likelihood pipeline reproduces the paper's Planck/BAO/LSS/Pantheon fit for a keV freeze-in scalar with late two-photon decay; the required decaying-DM background and perturbation terms in CLASS/CAMB and the associated MCMC setup are not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public CLASS decaying-CDM branch (dcdm/exoCLASS-style) with phi -> gamma gamma late-decay source terms matching the paper's perturbation treatment, couple it to cobaya or MontePython with the Planck 2018+BAO+Pantheon likelihoods, and validate against the quoted H0 = 68.31 and 69.34 km/s/Mpc best fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17037_cannibal_codecaying_forbidden_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting forbidden vector dark matter with a cannibally co-decaying phase", "family": "forbidden_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17037", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the cannibally co-decaying forbidden freeze-out: coupled X and S yields with a separately evolving hidden-sector temperature, 3-to-2 number-changing rates, finite-temperature forbidden XX->SS annihilation, and out-of-equilibrium S decay through Higgs mixing.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the paper's coupled yield/temperature equations as a public module — e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector temperature machinery with 3-to-2 cannibal collision terms and thermally averaged forbidden rates — validated against the paper's relic-density curves in the (m_X, m_S/m_X, g_dm, theta) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_20513_kinetic_recoupling_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic recoupling dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.20513", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver accepts a nonmonotonic DM-dark-radiation drag opacity: ETHOS-style CLASS/CAMB modifications implement monotonic power-law momentum-exchange rates, so the decouple-recouple-decouple history (T_kd, T_rec, T_kd_prime) cannot be propagated to transfer functions with existing released codes.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the ETHOS interacting-dark-matter module in CLASS to take a general tabulated Gamma(a) (or a parameterized recoupling template in T_kd, T_rec, T_kd_prime) as input for the DM-DR momentum-exchange term, validated against the CDM limit as Gamma goes to 0 and the published feature shifts under T_rec variation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_16884_nmssm_95gev_higgs_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "NMSSM light neutralino LSP dark matter with a 95 GeV Higgs", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.16884", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "LHC exclusion status of the near-degenerate co-annihilation spectra (Delta M ~ 10 GeV charginos, sleptons, next-to-lightest neutralinos with diluted cascade branchings) is only approximately covered: SModelS simplified-model maps do not capture these unconventional NMSSM decay chains, so the collider viability of the co-annihilation benchmark class is under-constrained.", "proposed_resolution": "Run full event-level recasts of the ATLAS/CMS compressed-electroweakino and slepton searches (soft-lepton plus missing-energy analyses) with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 on the accepted benchmark spectra, and feed the resulting efficiency maps back as new SModelS topologies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_02403_hypercharge_electroweak_alp_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hypercharge electroweak ALP-portal Dirac dark matter", "family": "axion_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.02403", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The custom Boltzmann solver needed beyond micrOMEGAs for this model is not public: near-resonance (M_a approximately 2 M_chi) thermal averaging with narrow-width subtleties and the reheating-temperature-dependent freeze-in production of ALP plus DM are only implemented in the authors' private code.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the resonance-aware thermal-average and freeze-in Boltzmann equations as an extension of micrOMEGAs (using the public CalcHEP model files for the rates), parameterized by M_chi, M_a, f, the anomaly benchmark, and T_RH, and validate against the paper's thermal-target and freeze-in scan curves to the quoted 20 percent level.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin1_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-parent non-thermal vector WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of the boosted two-body-decay dark-matter subcomponent: the decay-produced monochromatic-then-redshifting momentum distribution of B_mu from W_mu -> B_mu + photon (gamma set by M_X/M_DM and tau_X) is not available as a species in CLASS/CAMB, so the mixed cold-plus-boosted transfer function and the CMB response (Delta N_eff-like behavior) cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic growth-suppression estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the decay-produced component as a non-cold dark matter species in CLASS (ncdm sector with a delta-function injection distribution at time tau_X, Lorentz factor M_X/2M_DM, and fraction f), validate against the paper's analytic Delta N_eff and growth-suppression formulas, and output mixed-DM transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1711_04773_co_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Co-decaying dark matter with enhanced small-scale structure", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.04773", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/transfer-function code evolves the co-decaying A/B background and its small-scale perturbations through the early matter-dominated era, including the dark-temperature perturbation equation, kinetic decoupling, and free-streaming damping that set k_cut.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a two-species co-decay dark sector (coupled rho_A, rho_B, decay term, A A <-> B B interaction) and add the missing dark-temperature perturbation equation, outputting the EMDE-enhanced transfer function and k_cut as functions of m, Gamma_B, entropy ratio, and kinetic-decoupling temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_04860_asymmetric_singlet_scalar_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric singlet scalar and Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04860", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements the coupled visible-plus-dark leptogenesis network of this model: CP-violating out-of-equilibrium N_1 decays feeding both the lepton and dark (psi, phi_prime) asymmetries, with the dimension-eight transfer operator freezing out near the sphaleron temperature; the relic prediction currently rests on unsolved source equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis code such as ULYSSES with additional Boltzmann equations for the dark-sector asymmetries (branching-dependent CP asymmetries in N decays) and a washout/transfer term for the phi^2(LH)^2/M_asy^4 operator, outputting Y_B and Y_DM versus (M_N, Yukawas, M_asy).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03309_bl_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Weakly coupled B-L gauge-boson freeze-in sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03309", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public momentum-dependent Boltzmann solver computes the phase-space distributions of an out-of-equilibrium B-L gauge boson and the N1 population produced by its decay; existing freeze-in tools return integrated abundances only, while both the relic density and the warm-DM free-streaming scale here require f(p).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an unintegrated freeze-in solver to a two-stage cascade (bath -> V -> N1) tracking f_V(p,t) and f_N1(p,t) over the (m_V, g_B-L) plane, validated against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 curves, and export f_N1(p) in CLASS ncdm format.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_00010_vector_portal_hidden_sector_emde_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-portal hidden-sector dark matter with an early matter-dominated era", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00010", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the EMDE microhalo pipeline for this hidden-sector model: perturbation growth through Z-prime domination and reheating, the resulting microhalo mass function with its small-scale cutoff, and the gravitational-heating suppression of the population; the paper's N-body-calibrated procedure is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the paper's analytic EMDE transfer function plus Press-Schechter/spherical-collapse microhalo mass function and its N-body boost-factor calibration into a public module parameterized by (T_dom, T_RH, lambda_fs), including the default and conservative gravitational-heating prescriptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_14542_331r_kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "331_R keV sterile-neutrino mixed warm-hot dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.14542", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the mixed warm-hot N1 phase-space distribution (diluted thermal component plus nonthermal component from N2 decay), so the mixed transfer function and small-scale power suppression cannot be computed; the paper only gives approximate free-streaming estimates and the thermal_wdm_mapping is flagged as invalid.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-component N1 distribution function f(p) (diluted thermal plus N2-decay nonthermal, parameterized by m_N1, f_NT, and alpha) as a non-cold dark matter species in CLASS/CAMB (ncdm module with tabulated psd) and compute the mixed transfer function across the benchmark grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_12673_pseudo_dirac_higgs_portal_excited_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac Higgs-portal dark matter with excited-state decay", "family": "pseudo_dirac_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.12673", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the pseudo-Dirac Higgs-portal Lagrangian with CP-even/CP-odd singlet mediators: the coannihilation relic density (including resonances and thresholds in the m_DM-m_s plane) was computed with private Boltzmann code, so relic and direct-detection scans cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules and export CalcHEP/UFO files so micrOMEGAs (with coannihilation channels enabled) reproduces the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours for m_DM = 300 and 500 GeV and its sigma_SI predictions, then release the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_14662_scotogenic_singlet_fermion_one_step_pt_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic singlet fermion dark matter with one-step first-order phase transition", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14662", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver handles relic production modified by a delayed one-step first-order phase transition: the coupled N/inert-scalar equations with finite-temperature mass shifts and production changing across the transition at low T_n cannot be run in stock micrOMEGAs, which assumes zero-temperature masses and a standard thermal history.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a dedicated coupled Boltzmann integrator that takes micrOMEGAs cross sections plus the phase-dependent mass spectrum and T_n from the nucleation calculation, switching the spectrum at the transition, and validate by recovering the paper's low-T_n relic benchmarks and the standard freeze-out limit for high T_n.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_05813_wimp_freezeout_degb_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "WIMP freeze-out in dEGB cosmology", "family": "wimp_nonstandard_cosmology", "arxiv": "2303.05813", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code integrates the dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet background (scalar field with f(phi)=alpha exp(gamma phi) coupled to R_GB^2) from pre-freeze-out temperatures to BBN and feeds the resulting H(T) into a WIMP freeze-out Boltzmann solver; every observable on the card depends on this modified expansion history.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a standalone ODE integrator for the dEGB Friedmann and scalar equations with (phi_BBN, phidot_BBN) boundary conditions enforcing BBN recovery, and couple its H(T) output to micrOMEGAs' modified-cosmology (alternative expansion) interface or to a custom freeze-out solver, validated by recovering the standard 3e-26 cm^3/s cross section when alpha goes to zero.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11820_broken_u1_asymmetric_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneously broken U(1)' asymmetric self-interacting dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11820", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for the decoupled two-temperature dark sector: evolving the asymmetric chi/anti-chi Boltzmann equations in the hidden bath with initial temperature ratio xi_ini to obtain the residual anti-DM ratio r_infinity and the S_1 dark-radiation contribution to Delta N_eff, which the CMB residual-annihilation and N_eff constraints require.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a coupled Boltzmann solver tracking the dark-sector temperature xi(T) and the chi, anti-chi, A', S_1 number densities with secluded annihilation to dark mediators (inputs Y_chi, alpha', xi_ini, m_chi, m_A'), for example by extending an existing hidden-sector relic framework, and validate against the paper's r_infinity examples and the Delta N_eff < 0.29 room.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_02207_vector_simp_sux2_u1_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector SIMP dark matter in SU_X(2) x U(1)_Z' gauge model", "family": "vector_simp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.02207", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the vector SIMP relic abundance in the SU_X(2) x U(1)_Z' model: the 3-to-2 processes, 2-to-2 forbidden annihilations, and the kinetic-equilibrium condition with the SM bath are outside standard micrOMEGAs number-density freeze-out, and the paper imports relic contours from earlier work.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled Boltzmann equations for 3-to-2 and forbidden 2-to-2 channels of the non-Abelian vector SIMP sector (with the X_3-mediated kinetic-equilibrium term) as a standalone solver or a micrOMEGAs extension, parameterized by (m_X, m_X3/m_X, alpha_D, epsilon), and validate against the published Planck-compatible contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_06276_dark_brane_dirac_radion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-brane Dirac fermion radion-mediated dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.06276", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "BBN safety of the about 40 MeV radion decaying near T_rd of about 5 MeV rests on an approximate decay-temperature threshold; no full BBN network calculation of the electromagnetic/hadronic injection and Delta N_eff from radion decays has been performed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run an ACROPOLIS-class MeV-scale decaying-particle BBN code with the radion mass, abundance, lifetime, and branching fractions to obtain proper light-element and N_eff constraints on (m_r, T_rd, Lambda_1), replacing the few-MeV rule of thumb.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_12199_ckm_heavy_quark_freeze_in_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "CKM-aligned heavy-quark freeze-in ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12199", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the full ALP phase-space distribution f(p) from freeze-in via flavor-violating heavy-quark decays q_i -> q_j a and quark-gluon/quark-antiquark scatterings including g_*(T) evolution and thermal QCD corrections near the heavy-quark thresholds; existing freeze-in tools return only integrated yields.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public freeze-in framework (e.g. the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or an unintegrated-Boltzmann code) with the derivative ALP-quark operators and CKM-aligned charge matrices to evolve the momentum-dependent collision terms for decays and 2-to-2 scatterings, outputting Y_a and tabulated f(p) for downstream cosmology; validate against the paper's Omega h^2 band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_12199_single_flavor_heavy_quark_freeze_in_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Single-flavor-transition heavy-quark freeze-in ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12199", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the full ALP phase-space distribution f(p) from freeze-in via a single flavor-violating heavy-quark transition (bs, bd, cu, sd, tu, or tc) through decays q_i -> q_j a and quark-gluon/quark-antiquark scatterings including g_*(T) evolution and thermal QCD corrections near the relevant quark threshold; existing freeze-in tools return only integrated yields.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public freeze-in framework (e.g. the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or an unintegrated-Boltzmann code) with the derivative ALP-quark operator for one right-handed two-flavor transition at a time, evolving the momentum-dependent collision terms for decays and 2-to-2 scatterings and outputting Y_a and tabulated f(p) per transition benchmark; validate against the paper's Omega h^2 band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph9804053_decay_produced_neutrino_chdm_v1", "model_name": "Decay-produced neutrino cold-plus-hot dark matter", "family": "decay_produced_neutrino_hot_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9804053", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver evolves the nonthermal light-neutrino distribution sourced by nu_H -> nu_L + phi decay after neutrino decoupling (plus the scalar dark-radiation daughter); the authors' modified CMBFAST is unreleased, blocking both P(k) and C_l predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the momentum-dependent decay Boltzmann hierarchy in CLASS (an ncdm species with time-dependent phase-space source from the parent decay plus a massless phi fluid), building on existing public decaying-neutrino CLASS branches, and validate against the paper's relativistic CHDM-like limit and nonrelativistic departures.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1209_5752_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter model", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.5752", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver module evolves the atomic-dark-matter plasma: dark recombination (case-B dark-hydrogen coefficients), the resulting time-dependent ionization fraction, the dark-photon drag opacity, and the coupled DM/dark-radiation perturbation hierarchy needed for the DAO transfer function and CMB spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS (building on the ETHOS interacting DM-DR framework) with a RECFAST-style dark-hydrogen recombination module parameterized by (m_D, alpha_D, B_D, xi), feed the resulting x_D(z) into the DM-DR drag opacity, and output CMB spectra and matter transfer functions over the model grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_2162_bino_wino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-wino co-annihilation dark matter in high-scale SUSY", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.2162", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver evolves the momentum distribution of nonthermal binos injected by late gravitino decay through the inelastic bino-wino scattering energy-loss cycle to obtain f_warm, r_warm, and k_fs.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a momentum-space Boltzmann integrator for gravitino-decay injection with inelastic bino-wino scattering and decays, validate against the paper's r_warm and k_fs results for r_T = 0.5 and 0.9, and output f(p) in the CLASS/CAMB non-cold-dark-matter distribution format.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_00008_nucleophilic_scalar_cosimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nucleophilic scalar Co-SIMP dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_cosimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00008", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-abundance solver handles Co-SIMP freeze-out driven by the 3-to-2 process phi phi N -> phi N with a Standard Model nucleon in the bath; the thermal target coupling for this model cannot be computed with existing packages, which only support 2-to-2 annihilation or purely dark 3-to-2 cannibalism.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a standalone Boltzmann code) with a 3-to-2 collision term that includes the baryon number density as an external thermal target, parameterized by (m_phi, m_eta, y_phi, y_N), and validate against the primary paper's thermal-target curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5456_leptophilic_sommerfeld_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic Sommerfeld-enhanced WIMP toy model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5456", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled chemical/kinetic-decoupling solver validated for this model's resonant Sommerfeld regime evolves the full phase-space distribution: the Maxwellian second-moment approximation used by the paper (and by moment-based modes of DRAKE-class solvers) can fail in resonant and Ramsauer-Townsend-like regions where the reannihilation-driven relic shift reaches orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public coupled Boltzmann solver (DRAKE) with its full f(p) phase-space evolution mode configured for scalar/pseudoscalar leptophilic mediators, including velocity-dependent Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation and self-scattering kernels, and validate against the paper's Y-y benchmark trajectories and the standard freeze-out limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin12_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermion-parent non-thermal fermion WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of the boosted two-body-decay dark-matter subcomponent: the decay-produced monochromatic-then-redshifting momentum distribution (gamma set by M_X/M_DM and tau_X) is not available as a species in CLASS/CAMB, so the mixed cold-plus-boosted transfer function and the CMB response (Delta N_eff-like behavior) cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic growth-suppression estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the decay-produced component as a non-cold dark matter species in CLASS (ncdm sector with a delta-function injection distribution at time tau_X, Lorentz factor M_X/2M_DM, and fraction f), validate against the paper's analytic Delta N_eff and growth-suppression formulas, and output mixed-DM transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1404_0236_mdm_u1x_cdm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "MDM U(1)_X cold dark matter with sterile-neutrino hot component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1404.0236", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear Boltzmann implementation covers this model's late kinetic decoupling of TeV chi against eV sterile neutrinos in a mixed CDM+HDM cosmology; only an analytic M_cut estimate exists, so the actual transfer-function suppression is uncomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the chi-sterile scattering rate onto the ETHOS parameterization and run a modified CLASS with DM-dark-radiation coupling plus the eV HDM component, producing transfer functions over (m_chi, m_X, g_X, T_x^dec).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1607_00004_nonthermal_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal higgsino dark matter from late decays", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.00004", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No coupled modulus-decay/reheating Boltzmann solver is implemented for the re-annihilation regime; the relic abundance rests on the analytic min-yield estimate, which loses precision near the Gamma_ann ~ H(T_R) regime boundary and for BBN-consistency checks of the reheating history.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled modulus-radiation-neutralino Boltzmann system (m_phi, T_R, Br_phi, <sigma v>) as a small ODE code or as a modified micrOMEGAs nonthermal driver, validating against the source's moduli-mass scale of 1e6-1e7 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_10385_stable_vector_mediator_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting dark matter with a stable vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.10385", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the coupled two-component Boltzmann system for psi and stable Z_D including psi-Z_D conversion processes, Z_D Z_D -> h_D h_D depletion, and Higgs-portal-controlled h_D decays; the relic abundances of both species feed every downstream observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs' multi-component dark-matter mode (or a dedicated coupled-Boltzmann code such as a DRAKE extension) with the conversion collision terms from the primary paper, and validate against the paper's benchmark relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_09615_two_body_decaying_cdm_to_wdm_dr_v1", "model_name": "Two-body decaying cold dark matter to warm dark matter and dark radiation", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.09615", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS implementation of the two-body DCDM -> WDM + DR perturbation equations (warm-daughter fluid hierarchy with the massive-neutrino-style viscous closure) is author code without an identified public release, so independent computation of the linear P(k) and S8 suppression is blocked.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain and publish the authors' CLASS DDM patch or reimplement the background plus warm-daughter fluid equations in current public CLASS, validating the fluid approximation against a full phase-space hierarchy run on benchmark (Gamma^-1, epsilon) points including the best fit near 56 Gyr, epsilon = 0.007.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_05740_decay_induced_freeze_in_baryogenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decay-induced freeze-in baryogenesis scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05740", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No coupled Boltzmann solver exists that evolves the freeze-in S yield together with the CP asymmetry, flavor-dependent washout, and sphaleron conversion for the vectorlike-lepton Dirac-leptogenesis-like system; the paper's solver is private and abundance and baryon asymmetry must be solved together.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann framework (e.g. ULYSSES) or the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module with the F_i -> e_alpha S decay and 2-to-2 scattering collision terms, resonant CP asymmetry for nearly degenerate F_1/F_2, and flavored washout, validated against the paper's benchmark relic density and BAU figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_07786_u1_t3r_subgev_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV U(1)_T3R Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.07786", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical relic-density implementation of the U(1)_T3R model exists: the resonant dark-Higgs annihilation, chi_1-chi_2 co-annihilation with mass splitting, and invisible final states require a Boltzmann solver model file that the card says is absent (computational_representation null, tool_or_code null on the freezeout step).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_T3R Lagrangian (chi_1, chi_2, A', phi' with the paper's charge assignments) as a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file and run micrOMEGAs or MadDM for the co-annihilating, near-resonant freeze-out scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_04834_scotogenic_fimp_n1_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic sterile-neutrino FIMP dark matter with scalar-doublet mass splitting", "family": "freeze_in_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.04834", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public implementation of this model's Z2-symmetric two-doublet finite-temperature effective potential exists; the paper's CosmoTransitions setup (potential, daisy resummation, bounce and transition parameters alpha, beta/H, T_n) is not released, so the phase-transition strength feeding the GW prediction cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scotogenic H1-H2 one-loop plus daisy finite-temperature potential as a CosmoTransitions (or PhaseTracer) model class, validate against the paper's benchmark (m_H+ = 300 GeV, U-DECIGO-reach spectrum), and release it with the registry card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_07882_super_resonant_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Super-Resonant Dark Matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.07882", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation exists for the freeze-in production of SQCD dark mesons through the kinetically mixed dark photon, including the dark-sector internal thermalization that fixes the charged-to-neutral meson relic ratio; the card records only the paper's mechanism-level benchmarks (computational_representation null, phase-space distribution unavailable).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dark-photon-portal model file for the meson EFT and extend micrOMEGAs freeze-in (or a dedicated Boltzmann code) with coupled dark-sector equations tracking the charged and neutral meson populations over (epsilon, alpha_D, m, m_Aprime), validating that freeze-out is excluded in the resonant benchmark region as the paper reports.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_13272_spin1_relativistic_decay_dm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Spin-1 relativistic-decay dark matter EFT", "family": "nonthermal_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.13272", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the model's injection history: a heavy scalar companion decaying via the dimension-five operator to a massive spin-1 daughter that is relativistic at injection (redshifting from radiation-like to matter-like) together with the accompanying photon energy injection, so Delta N_eff, the H0 shift, and the free-streaming transfer function cannot be computed precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS's dcdm/dr module to a two-body decay with a massive daughter evolved as an NCDM species with the delta-function decay phase-space distribution (following existing DM-to-DM+DR modified-CLASS implementations, which are spin-agnostic at the fluid level), and couple the photon branch to ExoCLASS/DarkAges-style energy-injection treatment for BBN and CMB consistency.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_15718_ultralight_scalar_refractive_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight scalar dark matter with refractive neutrino masses", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.15718", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for a refractive neutrino mass that scales with the dark-matter density as m_nu(z) ~ (1+z)^(3/2) with resonance suppression at low energies, so the quoted Planck+BAO sum m_nu < 0.12 eV bound (derived for constant masses) cannot be legitimately applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS or CAMB with a time-varying effective neutrino mass module parameterized by (m_phi, m_chi, g, background state), including the resonance-energy cutoff in the neutrino distribution integrals, and rerun the Planck 2018 + BAO likelihood chains for this scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_10263_light_rh_neutrino_lepto_axiogenesis_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Light-right-handed-neutrino lepto-axiogenesis axion dark matter (freeze-out)", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.10263", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public rate-equation/Boltzmann solver implements the freeze-out-branch B-L transfer from a rotating PQ field through light right-handed neutrinos (chemical-potential-sourced yield with equilibrium maintained down to T ~ m_N followed by freeze-out); the calculation currently exists only as the primary paper's in-house computation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's freeze-out branch rate equations (inputs m_N, y_N, PQ charge chemical potential; output Y_B) as an open-source module, e.g. by extending a public leptogenesis Boltzmann framework such as ULYSSES with a rotating-PQ-field charge source term, and validate against the paper's Y_B = 8.7e-11 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0309652_light_collisional_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Light collisional cold dark matter", "family": "light_interacting_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0309652", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation computes the exact linear transfer function for light DM elastically coupled to neutrinos/electrons: the route needs a linear P(k) with the model's oscillatory collisional/mixed-damping cutoff, but the paper only provides analytic damping-length scalings and the card identifies no perturbation code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement DM-neutrino and DM-electron elastic scattering terms in CLASS (following the ETHOS-style interacting dark-matter opacity approach, with temperature-dependent momentum-transfer rates and a kinetic-decoupling calculation), producing exact transfer functions across the ~5 MeV to 10 GeV mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_09853_coupled_phantom_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Coupled phantom cold dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1910.09853", "score": 29.9, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public release exists of the modified CAMB/CosmoMC implementation of the coupled-phantom pCDM equations (Q = H xi rho_x with the xi > 0, w < -1, xi < -3w stability region), so both CMB and H0-tension observables cannot be re-evaluated without re-patching a Boltzmann solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's IDE background and perturbation equations as a public CLASS or CAMB patch (following existing IDE implementations of the same coupling form), with the stability conditions enforced as priors, and validate by reproducing the paper's Planck+BAO+Pantheon+R19 posteriors at Gelman-Rubin R-1 < 0.01.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_09853_coupled_quintessence_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Coupled quintessence cold dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1910.09853", "score": 29.9, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of the Q = H xi rho_x coupled-quintessence (xi < 0, w > -1) background and perturbation equations exists; the paper's CAMB/CosmoMC patch is private, so the CMB spectra and distance measures feeding the inference cannot be recomputed from the card alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's modified dark-matter and dark-energy continuity and Euler equations (including the stability-branch conditions) as a patch to CAMB or CLASS with xi and w as sampled parameters, and validate against the posterior contours reported in the primary paper before coupling to CosmoMC or Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_09853_coupled_vacuum_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Coupled vacuum cold dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1910.09853", "score": 29.9, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of the Q = H xi rho_x interacting-vacuum equations (w fixed at -0.999, xi < 0 stable branch) exists; the paper's CAMB/CosmoMC modification is private, so CMB spectra and distances for this model cannot be recomputed from the card alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the modified dark-sector continuity and Euler equations with the w = -0.999 vacuum surrogate and xi < 0 stability condition as a CAMB or CLASS patch, validate against the paper's reported posteriors, then couple to CosmoMC or Cobaya for sampling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m1_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M1", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear Boltzmann-code implementation exists for this model's DM-neutrino elastic scattering with a keV-scale singlet mediator (DS_M1 regime), so the acoustic-damping transfer function and the ~1e10 solar-mass cutoff are only semi-analytic estimates rather than computed matter power spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the model's temperature-dependent DM-neutrino momentum-transfer rate from the sterile-bridge effective coupling and implement it in a modified CLASS (ETHOS-style parameterization with neutrinos as the dark-radiation partner) to compute linear transfer functions and half-mode masses across the (m_F, m_S, g_nu) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m2_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M2", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear Boltzmann-solver implementation of this model's post-BBN DM-neutrino elastic coupling (singlet-scalar-mediated, effective g_nu with m_S above T_D) exists to compute the actual transfer function and protohalo cutoff mass; the route relies on an analytic rate-equals-Hubble estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's temperature-dependent DM-neutrino scattering rate in an ETHOS-parameterized modified CLASS (or the existing DM-neutrino-interacting CLASS branches), mapping (m_F, m_S, g_nu) onto the interaction-rate coefficients, and output linear power spectra and half-mode masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m2_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M2", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dark-sector thermal-history solver covers the singlet spectrum (S, phi/a, X) plus the dark phase transition, so BBN/CMB light-species safety and the phase-transition timing window are only checked qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a coupled dark-sector temperature-evolution code (extending an N_eff/BBN framework such as AlterBBN or a CLASS thermal module) that tracks the singlet species' energy densities and late X decays, and compute the phase-transition timing with a finite-temperature effective-potential tool such as CosmoTransitions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0604132_heavy_scalar_decay_gravitino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-scalar decay gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0604132", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented pipeline computes the linear transfer function for the mixed gravitino population (warm X-decay component with initial momentum ~M_X/2 redshifted from the scalar-decay epoch, plus a colder thermal-scattering component); the paper replaces this with a single free-streaming velocity bound v_0 ~ 1.2e-4 B_3/2.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the two-component gravitino phase-space distribution f(q) from two-body X decay during scalar domination plus the thermal contribution, tabulate it, and feed it to the CLASS ncdm sector (psd_file input) to compute T(k) over the (M_3/2, M_X, T_R, B_3/2) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_4094_phenomenological_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Phenomenological early decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.4094", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The DDM daughter perturbation equations (massive-neutrino-like hierarchy sourced by parent decay, covering both relativistic and nonrelativistic daughters) exist only in the authors' unreleased CAMB modification; no public Boltzmann code implements this two-daughter decay scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the parent-decay-sourced daughter phase-space hierarchy in CLASS (extending the existing dcdm/ncdm machinery to a decay-produced f(q) with arbitrary daughter mass ratio) and validate against the paper's published CMB and transfer-function responses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_7373_moduli_produced_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Moduli-produced wino or higgsino neutralino dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.7373", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public linear perturbation solver handles the pre-BBN moduli-dominated era with neutralino annihilation and modulus-decay source terms, so the predicted small-scale enhancement/cutoff in the matter power spectrum cannot be computed end to end.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a decaying-scalar background component plus DM annihilation/decay source terms in the linear perturbation equations (following the Erickcek-Sigurdson-type early-matter-domination treatments), parameterized by T_rh, branching fraction, and <sigma v>, and validate against the standard-history limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_07723_u1d_pseudo_dirac_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D pseudo-Dirac dark matter with dark-Higgs bound states", "family": "dark_sector_bound_state_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.07723", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the pseudo-Dirac freeze-out with p-wave chi_i chi_i -> h_D h_D annihilation, Sommerfeld enhancement from the light dark Higgs, chi_2 contribution before decay, and radiative bound-state formation, so the Omega h^2 = 0.1228 overclosure boundary cannot be recomputed across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs (or a dedicated coupled-Boltzmann code) with tabulated Sommerfeld factors and BSF cross sections for the h_D Yukawa potential from the published bound-state formalism, validating against the source paper's relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_02018_very_supersymmetric_codecaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Very supersymmetric co-decaying dark sector", "family": "co_decaying_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.02018", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the coupled co-decay/cannibalization thermal history of a nearly degenerate hidden supermultiplet: tracking 2-to-2 and 3-to-2 hidden-sector processes, the decaying scalar population, the evolving dark-to-SM temperature ratio, and entropy injection is beyond the standard freeze-out modules of micrOMEGAs or MadDM, so the relic abundance and entropy-dilution factor cannot be independently recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public relic-abundance framework (e.g. micrOMEGAs' two-sector/temperature-ratio machinery or a dedicated solver in the style of existing cannibal-dark-matter codes) with coupled number- and energy-density equations for psi, phi_R, phi_I including 3-to-2 rates from kappa Phi^3, the scalar decay term Gamma_phi, and self-consistent T_dark/T_SM evolution, validated against the paper's benchmark relic curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_13112_superheavy_rhn_zombie_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy right-handed-neutrino dark matter with zombie co-annihilation in extended B-L", "family": "superheavy_thermal_freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13112", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver implements zombie coannihilation (nu_R + psi -> psi + psi with an exponentially enhanced effective annihilation rate) together with the subsequent late sterile-neutrino decay and entropy dilution for superheavy 1e9-1e13 GeV relics; micrOMEGAs/MadDM coannihilation machinery does not cover this number-changing topology, so relic-abundance benchmarks cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a standalone coupled Boltzmann solver (or extend micrOMEGAs' coannihilation module) tracking Y_nuR and Y_psi with the S-mediated zombie collision term, thermally averaged cross sections from the model Lagrangian, and an appended entropy-dilution stage from the sterile-neutrino decay width; validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_fermion_mediated_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermion-mediated dark matter from bubble expansion", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/relic code includes a bubble-wall production source term: combining the L -> N wall yield, N decays into the Z2-odd heavy state, the coannihilation/freeze-out contribution, and supercooling dilution by T_nuc/T_reh into a final Omega_DM h^2 is currently only a benchmark-level estimate in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated post-transition Boltzmann solver (or extend micrOMEGAs freeze-out output) that adds the analytic wall-production yield as an initial condition, evolves N decays and possible re-equilibration of the heavy states, and applies the reheating dilution factor; validate against the paper's relic-density isocontours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_14226_conformal_scotogenic_rhn_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Conformal scotogenic right-handed-neutrino dark matter from supercooled FOPT", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14226", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the conformal scotogenic Lagrangian (Z2-odd RHNs, inert doublet, conformal singlet) exists for the standard toolchain: neither a CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model file for the freeze-out and direct-detection scan nor a PhaseTracer model class for the finite-temperature potential is released, so both routes cannot be run without rebuilding the paper's private setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules and export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs to reproduce the paper's Higgs-resonance and singlet-resonance relic curves with direct-detection overlays, and separately code the one-loop conformal finite-temperature effective potential as a PhaseTracer model to reproduce the benchmark (T_*, alpha, beta/H) table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_14226_hybrid_scotogenic_type_i_rhn_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid scotogenic/type-I right-handed-neutrino dark matter from relativistic bubble walls", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14226", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the hybrid scotogenic/type-I Lagrangian exists for the standard toolchain: neither a CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model file for N_1 freeze-out and direct detection nor a PhaseTracer model class for the singlet-driven finite-temperature potential is released, so the combined GW/DM route cannot be rerun outside the paper's private setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the hybrid model in FeynRules and export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs to reproduce the benchmark relic and direct-detection overlays, and code the one-loop finite-temperature effective potential as a PhaseTracer model to reproduce the benchmark (T_*, alpha, beta/H) and Fig. 5 GW spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_14226_hybrid_scotogenic_type_i_rhn_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid scotogenic/type-I right-handed-neutrino dark matter from relativistic bubble walls", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14226", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The coupled baryon-asymmetry calculation (resonant leptogenesis sourced by bubble-wall-produced out-of-equilibrium RHNs plus washout after the supercooled FOPT) is only estimated semi-analytically; no public leptogenesis Boltzmann code includes relativistic bubble-wall production as a source term, so the leptogenesis half of the combined observable is benchmark-level only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann framework (e.g. ULYSSES) with a bubble-wall production source term parameterized by (T_*, v_w, M_N2,3) and the post-FOPT reheating history, and validate against the paper's benchmark asymmetry estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_18397_defect_free_dark_photon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Defect-free dark photon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.18397", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements the linear cosmological perturbations of this model's runaway singlet scalar plus late-produced dark-photon sector (field-dependent W(phi) kinetic function, scalar energy fraction altering H(a) and CMB damping), so the production-history imprint on the CMB and small-scale power cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS (or CAMB) with a rolling-scalar background component and a dark-photon fluid whose energy density and momentum distribution are set at the delayed-production epoch H_d, then derive the coupled perturbation equations for the scalar and produced vector modes and compare to Planck damping-tail and matter-power data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0304260_mirror_matter_lss_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror matter dark matter with cooler mirror sector", "family": "mirror_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0304260", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the exact mirror sector — a second photon-baryon plasma at temperature ratio x with mirror recombination, mirror Silk damping, and the associated Delta N_eff — so the processed power spectrum with its lambda_max peak, oscillations, and damping tail exists only as analytic scale estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an atomic-dark-matter/dark-photon CLASS implementation to exact mirror microphysics: duplicate the baryon-photon sector with rescaled temperature x, run a RECFAST-like mirror recombination, and validate against the paper's x < 0.2 CDM-like criterion and the lambda_max/lambda_S_prime ordering.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_03414_left_right_mirror_sterile_dirac_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Left-right mirror symmetric sterile Dirac fermion CDM", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.03414", "score": 28.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/relic-density implementation exists for N1 freeze-out in the isolated left-right mirror dark sector, which requires evolving a separate dark-sector temperature after decoupling at T_D ~ 1 MeV with phi^0-mediated p-wave annihilation down to a ~1 keV freeze-out.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the N1-phi^0 dark sector in micrOMEGAs' two-temperature hidden-sector freeze-out mode (or a small dedicated coupled Boltzmann code) with the dark-to-SM temperature ratio fixed by entropy conservation after 1 MeV decoupling, and validate against the paper's Omega_CDM h^2 = 0.119 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0805_2836_low_reheat_warm_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat warm gravitino dark matter", "family": "warm_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0805.2836", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public momentum-resolved gravitino production solver exists for the low-reheat regime: the Boltzmann equation with superparticle decay and thermal-scattering collision terms that preserves low-momentum phase-space information was implemented only privately in the primary paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the primary paper's Boltzmann equation in comoving momentum as a public module (decay and scattering source terms with MSSM rates, low-T_R boundary conditions), outputting tabulated f(p) in CLASS/CAMB ncdm format and validated against the 1-15 keV viability window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_06788_two_component_adm_bound_state_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Two-component asymmetric dark matter via bound states and freeze-in decay", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.06788", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver exists for two asymmetric dark-matter components with Coulomb-limit bound-state formation/dissociation and late bound-state freeze-in decay; the paper's custom code is not released and standard relic codes (micrOMEGAs, DarkSUSY) do not cover this asymmetric two-sector BSF configuration.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release the coupled number-density equations (Y_light, Y_heavy, Y_bound) with the paper's Coulomb-limit BSF/BSD rates, optionally extending finite mediator-mass Yukawa corrections, validating against the published benchmark energy-density partitions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0908_0115_nonthermal_gravitino_pseudomoduli_decay_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal gravitino dark matter from pseudo-moduli decay", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0908.0115", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves the coherently oscillating SUSY-breaking pseudo-moduli field (s_R and s_I with different widths) through matter domination, entropy dilution, and decay to obtain the nonthermal gravitino yield, diluted thermal component, and NLSP yield for this gauge-mediation setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a semi-analytic coupled-Boltzmann solver for scalar oscillation plus radiation plus gravitino/NLSP number densities, parameterized by (m_S, m_3/2, m_B, s_ini, branching ratios), validated against the paper's benchmark contours and the 10-100 MeV gravitino window; a generic moduli-decay cosmology module would serve many similar models.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_1936_neutrinophilic_eft_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Effective neutrinophilic dark matter with late kinetic decoupling", "family": "neutrinophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.1936", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation covers DM-neutrino scattering with the strong momentum dependence of this model's heavy-mediator EFT operators, so the smooth-cutoff transfer function, M_cut, and the CMB thermal-history/N_eff signal rest on semi-analytic estimates and an externally quoted Planck bound rather than a full perturbation calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the ETHOS parameterization in a modified CLASS to the operator-specific temperature/momentum scaling of the DM-neutrino momentum-transfer rate (including the dimension-8 Higgs-dressed operator), outputting transfer functions and N_eff evolution, and validate T_kd/M_cut against the Cornell et al. benchmark values as the route's validation test specifies.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_00458_atomic_dark_matter_dark_magnetic_fields_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter with cosmological dark magnetic fields", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.00458", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the full atomic-dark-matter perturbation history — dark Coulomb-coupled dark baryons and dark photons with a dark recombination transition set by (alpha_D, E_B, m_H, xi) and an interacting fraction f_int — so the dark-acoustic-oscillation signature and the precise f_int <~ 5% CMB bound cannot be recomputed; ETHOS-type CLASS versions cover generic DM-DR scattering but not hydrogenic dark recombination.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ETHOS-enabled CLASS with a dark-recombination module (a rescaled RECFAST/HyRec solving the hidden-sector Saha/Peebles equations in alpha_D, E_B, m_H, xi) that switches the dark radiation from tightly coupled to free-streaming, then constrain (f_int, E_B, xi) with the standard Planck likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_05663_hidden_higgs_portal_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden Higgs portal vector dark matter with two-step cascade annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05663", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver covers the unconventional-WIMP and cannibally co-decaying freeze-out regimes of the secluded X/S system, which require evolving a separate hidden-sector temperature and mediator decay term; micrOMEGAs-style codes assume kinetic equilibrium with the SM bath.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a coupled-temperature relic code (e.g. build on micrOMEGAs' two-sector mode or a bespoke solver in the style of the cannibal-dark-matter literature) to evolve n_X, n_S, and T_hidden with the S decay rate through hidden-visible mixing, mapping the three freeze-out regimes over (m_X, m_S, g_X, mixing angle).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1902_08623_light_vector_plasmon_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light-vector freeze-in dark matter with plasmon decay", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1902.08623", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released Boltzmann-solver configuration evolves this model's nonthermal sub-MeV freeze-in distribution together with millicharged DM-baryon drag; CLASS ncdm accepts tabulated f(p) and dmeff branches implement drag, but the combined implementation needed to reproduce the companion cosmology analysis does not exist publicly.", "proposed_resolution": "Modify CLASS to read the freeze-in f(p) from gap_1 as an ncdm species and merge the dmeff-style Coulomb-like DM-baryon momentum-exchange term, validating CMB spectra and matter power against the related sub-MeV freeze-in cosmology paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_17157_light_vector_simp_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Light-vector-meson dark pion SIMP model", "family": "strongly_interacting_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.17157", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements SIMP freeze-out with the 3pi -> pi rho number-changing process, WZW 3-to-2 rates, detailed balance, and the dark-rho thermal width; the paper's numerical solution is not released, so the relic curve m_pi ~ 150 MeV / xi^(1/3) cannot be reproduced without reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled dark-pion/dark-rho Boltzmann system with chiral-EFT matrix elements as a standalone solver, or extend micrOMEGAs' number-changing-process machinery to 3-to-2 reactions with a resonant rho final state, validating against the paper's relic-density curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_01410_yukawa_coupled_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Yukawa-coupled dark sector model", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "2312.01410", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS implementing the Yukawa-coupled EDE-CDM system (scalar-dependent CDM mass rho_c(phi), coupled CDM velocity equation, and EDE perturbation initial conditions) is not publicly released, so the entire forward model from parameters to CMB/matter-power spectra cannot be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's coupled background and perturbation equations as a patch on a public EDE-capable Boltzmann code (CLASS_EDE or AxiCLASS), adding the beta-dependent CDM mass term and momentum-exchange in the CDM Euler equation, and validate by recovering the uncoupled EDE limit at beta=0 and the paper's quoted H0 and S8 values.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_02403_su2_electroweak_alp_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)L electroweak ALP-portal Dirac dark matter", "family": "axion_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.02403", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The near-resonance relic calculation for M_a approximately 2 M_chi relies on a private custom Boltzmann solver with a special thermal-average/narrow-width treatment; public micrOMEGAs agrees only to about 20 percent away from resonance and the card reports stronger disagreement inside the resonance corridor that defines obs_su2_thermal_resonance.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the resonance-aware thermal-averaging Boltzmann solver as a micrOMEGAs extension driven by the public CalcHEP model files, parameterized by the resonance offset (M_a - 2 M_chi)/M_a, and validate it against the paper's thermal-target curves in the resonance corridor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_3880_dark_matter_coupled_scalar_fifth_force_v1", "model_name": "Dark-matter-coupled scalar-field fifth-force model", "family": "coupled_dark_matter_dark_energy_fifth_force", "arxiv": "0906.3880", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Einstein-Boltzmann code implements this model's dark-matter-only scalar coupling C(phi) with the chameleon-type potential: the authors' CAMB integration is unreleased, blocking both CMB benchmark screening and generation of CMB-compatible initial conditions for simulations.", "proposed_resolution": "Add the C(phi)-coupled CDM fluid and scalar background/perturbation equations to CLASS or CAMB (following existing coupled-quintessence branches), parameterized by (beta, lambda, V(phi)), and validate against the paper's near-CDM benchmark spectra and low-ell ISW differences.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1312_1937_rrg_warm_dark_matter_photon_baryon_v1", "model_name": "Reduced Relativistic Gas warm dark matter with phenomenological photon-baryon interaction", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.1937", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the RRG effective-fluid dark matter with the phenomenological out-of-equilibrium photon-baryon interaction: the paper works only in the tight-coupling approximation, so full C_ell spectra and a precision Planck comparison for (b, interaction parameter) cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the RRG equation of state w(a; b) as a dark-matter fluid species in CLASS (background plus perturbation equations) and add the photon-baryon interaction term to the thermodynamics/tight-coupling module, then constrain (b, interaction parameter) with the public Planck likelihood via Cobaya or MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1404_6127_global_u1_pseudo_dirac_dm_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Global-U(1) pseudo-Dirac dark matter with Goldstone dark radiation", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1404.6127", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated linear transfer function exists for this model's Goldstone-mediated DM-dark-radiation scattering: the oscillatory acoustic-damping cutoff (T_kd ~ 0.5 keV, M_cut ~ 1e9 M_sun) has not been computed in a Boltzmann code, and the card explicitly forbids substituting thermal-WDM transfer functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the angular-averaged chi-eta scattering rate (including the near-degenerate pseudo-Dirac enhancement) and map it onto the ETHOS parameterization in an ETHOS-modified CLASS, producing transfer functions over (m_chi, alpha_d, Delta, xi) validated against the paper's T_kd and M_cut benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1409_1222_pure_sun_hidden_gluino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Pure SU(N)_x hidden gluino LSP", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.1222", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for a fractional (few-percent) dark matter component dragged by a hidden SU(N)_x gluon bath: the hidden gluino-gluon momentum-transfer opacity and the subcomponent perturbation equations are not available in public CLASS/CAMB dark-radiation modules.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-abelian gluino-gluon momentum-transfer rate as an ETHOS-style opacity and extend a CLASS interacting-DM-dark-radiation module (e.g. the ETHOS parameterization) to support a fractional interacting component with free T_x/T, then constrain f_x against Planck and galaxy-survey likelihoods in MontePython/Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1507_00982_quasi_cold_velocity_dispersion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quasi-cold dark matter with velocity-dispersion perturbations", "family": "quasi_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1507.00982", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified Boltzmann hierarchy retaining dark-matter velocity-dispersion and pressure perturbations (sigma^2 terms in the Vlasov-Einstein hierarchy) exists only as the authors' private CAMB modification; no public CLASS/CAMB implementation can produce the model's C_l^TT, P(k), or cutoff scale.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the paper's quasi-cold perturbation equations (density, velocity, and velocity-dispersion perturbations for the chi species) as a new species in CLASS, validating against the published sigma^2 = 10^-14 and 10^-15 benchmark spectra and the quoted m_wdm = 1.4-3.3 keV cutoff comparisons, and release it publicly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_02960_u1d_vectorlike_singlet_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D vector-like singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.02960", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the coupled Boltzmann equations for heavy scalar doublet X decays that simultaneously track the lepton asymmetry and the symmetric-plus-asymmetric dark-sector yield (M_DM, B_chi, B_L, epsilon_chi, epsilon_L), so the Omega_DM/Omega_B ~ 5 target cannot be scanned beyond the paper's 2.5 GeV benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the X-decay network as an extension of a public leptogenesis Boltzmann code such as ULYSSES (adding the dark-sector branching fraction, CP asymmetry epsilon_chi, and washout terms) or as a standalone stiff-ODE module outputting Y_DM(M_DM, B_chi, epsilon) and Y_B for full parameter-space scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_09345_twin_simps_v1", "model_name": "Twin SIMPs", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.09345", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density solver implements 3-to-2 SIMP freeze-out for the twin-QCD meson 15-plet: the calculation needs coupled Boltzmann equations with the WZW 3-to-2 collision term, coannihilation among split meson states, and the kinetic-equilibrium condition through the twin photon portal, none of which standard tools (micrOMEGAs, MadDM, DarkSUSY) provide.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated coupled-Boltzmann code (dark-sector temperature plus number densities of the meson multiplet) with the SU(4)_f WZW 3-to-2 collision term and portal heat exchange, parameterized by (m_pi, f_pi, mass splittings, m_A_prime, epsilon), validated against the paper's relic window near m_pi of a few hundred MeV and the ELDER limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_scalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver handles s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in with the pure-scalar coupling structure, including dark-sector temperature evolution, the quasi-static/reannihilation phase, and dark freeze-out; the paper's numerical framework is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's coupled number- and energy-density Boltzmann equations as a public solver, e.g. by extending the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or releasing a standalone notebook that tracks (n_chi, n_phi, rho_dark/T_D) and reproduces the paper's freeze-in and reannihilation regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_08486_cannibal_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cannibal scalar dark matter with 3-to-2 self-interactions", "family": "cannibal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.08486", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CLASS Einstein-Boltzmann implementation of CanDM (background w(a), c_s^2(a) with the 3-to-2 fluid closure and the T_ini shooting method) is author code with no identified public release, so no one else can compute CMB spectra or P(k) for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain and publish the authors' CLASS CanDM patch, or reimplement the paper's background and perturbation equations (fluid closure with negligible shear, n=0 and n=2 rate scalings) in current public CLASS, validating against the paper's benchmark spectra and LCDM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_dr_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "d_R t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coannihilation Boltzmann solver implements the QCD Sommerfeld enhancement and radiative bound-state formation/decay rates for (3,1)_{1/3} scalar mediator pairs; the card's relic route relies on a 'micrOMEGAs-style calculation with SE/BSF additions' that is not an identified public code, so the SE/BSF-shifted coannihilation band (e.g. the 1 TeV to 1.4 TeV shift) cannot be reproduced with existing tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a DRAKE-style coupled Boltzmann solver) with tabulated color-decomposed Sommerfeld factors and radiative bound-state formation cross sections for fundamental-representation scalars, following the framework of arXiv:1611.08133, parameterized by (m_DM, Delta m, g_DM, alpha_s) and validated against the paper's benchmark shift.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_ql_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "q_L t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coannihilation Boltzmann solver implements the QCD Sommerfeld enhancement and radiative bound-state formation/decay rates for (3,2)_{1/6} scalar mediator pairs; the card's relic route relies on a 'micrOMEGAs-style calculation with SE/BSF additions' that is not an identified public code, and the doubled internal degrees of freedom of the doublet variant must be handled consistently in the effective annihilation rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a DRAKE-style coupled Boltzmann solver) with tabulated color-decomposed Sommerfeld factors and radiative bound-state formation cross sections for fundamental-representation scalars, following arXiv:1611.08133, including the SU(2)-doublet multiplicity, and validate against the paper's 1 TeV to 1.4 TeV benchmark shift.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_ur_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "u_R t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coannihilation Boltzmann solver implements the QCD Sommerfeld enhancement and radiative bound-state formation/decay rates for (3,1)_{2/3} scalar mediator pairs; the card's relic route relies on a 'micrOMEGAs-style calculation with SE/BSF additions' that is not an identified public code, so the SE/BSF-shifted coannihilation band (e.g. the 1 TeV to 1.4 TeV shift) cannot be reproduced with existing tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a DRAKE-style coupled Boltzmann solver) with tabulated color-decomposed Sommerfeld factors and radiative bound-state formation cross sections for fundamental-representation scalars, following the framework of arXiv:1611.08133, parameterized by (m_DM, Delta m, g_DM, alpha_s) and validated against the paper's benchmark shift.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_07078_self_scattering_vector_resonance_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Self-scattering vector-resonance freeze-out dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_thermal_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07078", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The public DRAKE full-phase-space Boltzmann solver lacks the elastic DM self-scattering collision term (C_self) from vector-mediator exchange required for this s-channel resonance benchmark; the paper's implementation is available only on request, so the fBE relic calculation with self-scattering cannot be reproduced with public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public DRAKE code with the self-scattering collision-term module described in the paper (mediator-exchange elastic kernel on the discretized momentum grid, with velocity-dependent Breit-Wigner annihilation), validating against the paper's nBE/cBE/fBE resonance comparisons.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_07078_self_scattering_vector_resonance_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Self-scattering vector-resonance freeze-out dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_thermal_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07078", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline exists to propagate the computed nonthermal relic distribution f(p,T) into a linear structure-formation prediction (transfer function or matter power spectrum); the card's structure_formation block is entirely unknown and the paper explicitly defers this to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the frozen-out f(p) from the DRAKE-based fBE calculation into CLASS or CAMB as a tabulated non-cold-relic phase-space distribution (ncdm psd file) to compute the transfer function and half-mode mass, and map to an equivalent thermal-WDM benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_higgs_portal_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal dark matter from relativistic bubble expansion", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No relic code combines bubble-wall production with freeze-out for the heavy Higgs-portal scalar: the interplay of freeze-out dominance at small lambda_hchi and wall-production dominance at large lambda_hchi, plus T_nuc/T_reh supercooling dilution, exists only as benchmark-level isocontours in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a standard freeze-out calculation (micrOMEGAs or a bespoke Boltzmann solver) with the analytic wall-production yield as a nonthermal source term and the reheating dilution factor, and validate against the paper's relic-density isocontours in the (M_chi, lambda_hchi) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_singlet_portal_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-portal dark matter from bubble-wall production", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public end-to-end pipeline exists for bubble-wall dark-matter production in this singlet-portal setup: bounce solvers stop at T_nuc and transition strength, and the friction calculation that decides whether gamma_w reaches the required ultra-relativistic values (the fast-wall branch the relic prediction depends on) is done by bespoke analysis rather than any released code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CosmoTransitions-class finite-temperature bounce solver with a bubble-wall friction/terminal-velocity module (LO plus NLO transition-radiation pressure) and couple its gamma_w and T_nuc output to the paper's analytic wall-production yield and standard sound-wave/collision GW spectral fits, so parameter scans over (v_s, lambda_hs, M_chi, lambda_schi) run in one pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_13367_affleck_dine_forbidden_decay_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine asymmetric dark matter with finite-temperature forbidden decay", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.13367", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the finite-temperature forbidden-decay cogenesis network: coupled equations for the AD-generated dark asymmetry, psi -> L H2 decay active only above T_cr, Y_chi scattering kept out of equilibrium, H2 washout, and sphaleron conversion into Y_B, so the BAU-plus-relic benchmark cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann framework (e.g. ULYSSES) with temperature-dependent thermal masses gating the decay channel, the H2 washout and Y_S annihilation terms, and sphaleron conversion, then validate against the paper's benchmark (Y_l ~ 2.5e-6) reproducing both Y_B and Omega_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12989_phantom_hidden_sector_sterile_neutrino_dm_creation_v1", "model_name": "Phantom hidden-sector sterile-neutrino dark matter creation", "family": "phantom_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12989", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for late-time vacuum decay into a negative-energy ghost fluid plus a source-produced sterile-neutrino component with evolving equation of state; the source's modified CosmoMC-era pipeline is unreleased, so CMB/BAO/DES/Pantheon constraints on (Lambda, m_nu_s, M_s, M_v, decay rate) cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vacuum-decay source terms in CLASS: add a two-fluid sector (massless ghost fluid with negative energy density plus a sterile-neutrino species evolved from the paper's f_nu_s^0 fitting forms via momentum bins), then interface with Cobaya against public Planck 2018, BAO, DES, and Pantheon likelihoods and validate by recovering the source mediator-scale lower bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_07660_two_component_cdm_self_heating_v1", "model_name": "Two-component cold dark matter with self-heated light component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.07660", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the chi_1 self-heating temperature evolution and the coupled two-component linear perturbation equations (heated species with time-dependent sound speed plus cold chi_2), so the suppressed and oscillatory P(k) that seeds every downstream prediction cannot be regenerated at new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model as a CLASS extension: an interacting two-fluid module with the paper's T_1(a) heating equation sourced by the chi_2 chi_2 -> chi_1 chi_1 rate and chi_1 self-scattering, outputting P(k) validated against the paper's benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13407_spontaneous_chiral_axion_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneous chiral-breaking axion-neutrino misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13407", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists that evolves the late-transition-sourced perturbations through CMB, lensing, and LSS observables, so the existing Planck/ACT/SPT/BAO likelihood stack cannot be run on this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS or CAMB with a post-recombination stochastic source term for the transition-generated fluctuations and couple it to the public Planck/ACT/SPT/BAO likelihoods via Cobaya or MontePython, validating that the zero-transition limit recovers LCDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_06611_mev_scalar_pseudoscalar_portal_v1", "model_name": "MeV complex-scalar thermal dark matter with pseudoscalar lepton portal", "family": "thermal_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06611", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public three-sector Boltzmann solver evolves the coupled number and energy densities of the EM plasma, neutrino bath, and the complex-scalar DM with mixed electron/neutrino annihilation branchings; the paper's numerical implementation is not released and instantaneous-decoupling approximations are stated to be insufficient.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public MeV thermal-history code such as NUDEC_BSM (or reimplement the paper's coupled number/energy equations) to include the chi chi* -> e+e- and chi chi* -> nu nu channels with free BR_EM/BR_nu and the pseudoscalar-mediated elastic scattering rates, validated against the paper's thermal cross-section curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_6669_scalar_field_udm_fast_transition_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-field unified dark matter model with fast transition", "family": "unified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6669", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the fast-transition k-essence UDM component: CAMB/CLASS lack a module evolving a single unified fluid with the model's w(a), transition parameters (beta, z_t), and scalar-field effective sound speed c_s^2(a), so CMB spectra, matter power, and the late-ISW signal cannot be computed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS's generalized dark-energy/fluid sector with a UDM species whose background follows the fast-transition parameterization in (beta, z_t) and whose perturbations use the k-essence c_s^2 derived from L(phi,X)=f(phi)g(h(phi)X)-V(phi), validating against the CDM limit for c_s^2 -> 0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_02458_chilly_asymmetric_reheating_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Chilly asymmetrically reheated thermal dark sector", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02458", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear perturbation implementation exists for the chilly hidden sector's matter-power and CMB signatures: the free-streaming versus interacting nature of the dark radiation and any dark-acoustic effects require a Boltzmann-hierarchy treatment that depends on hidden-sector particle content the framework leaves generic.", "proposed_resolution": "For concrete hidden-sector realizations, map the internally thermalized cold sector onto the ETHOS interacting dark-radiation parameterization in a modified CLASS (temperature ratio xi, DM-DR and DR-DR interaction rates), then run the CMB+matter-power comparison with standard Planck/LSS likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_08261_fading_dark_matter_swamp_tower_v1", "model_name": "Swampland-motivated fading dark matter", "family": "fading_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.08261", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-code implementation exists for fading dark matter: a quintessence field with exponential potential coupled to dark-matter masses via m_DM(phi) at both background and perturbation level; the paper's modified CLASS branch was not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-coupled dark-matter mass term in CLASS (extending existing public coupled-quintessence/coupled-dark-energy CLASS modules with the exponential m(phi) fading after phi crosses phi0 and the coupled fraction f), validate against the paper's H0 shift from 68.3 to 69.1 km/s/Mpc and best-fit lambda near 0.3, and release the branch with MontePython parameter files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_pseudoscalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver handles s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in with the pseudoscalar coupling structure, including dark-sector temperature evolution, the quasi-static/reannihilation phase, and dark freeze-out; the paper's numerical framework is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's coupled number- and energy-density Boltzmann equations as a public solver, e.g. by extending the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or releasing a standalone notebook that tracks (n_chi, n_phi, rho_dark/T_D) and reproduces the paper's freeze-in and reannihilation regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_05064_koto_scalar_p_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "KOTO two-scalar P dark matter", "family": "light_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05064", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance code covers this model's production regime: UV freeze-in through dimension-five quark operators with reheating at T_R ~ 10-100 MeV, where production proceeds through hadronic states below QCD confinement; public freeze-in modules (e.g. in micrOMEGAs or MadDM) assume partonic rates and radiation domination from high temperatures, so the P yield is currently only an analytic estimate with uncontrolled hadronic uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a freeze-in Boltzmann solver with chiral-perturbation-theory matrix elements for kaon/pion-bath production of S and P, low-T_R initial conditions with zero initial dark abundance, and the optional Lambda_nu neutrino-portal freeze-out branch, scanning (T_R, Lambda, m_P).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_09041_hidden_sector_cannibal_ecde_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector early cannibal-dominated dark matter cosmology", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.09041", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann code evolves perturbations through an early cannibal-dominated era: the cannibal fluid's 3-to-2-sustained pressure, sound speed after becoming nonrelativistic, and the model-dependent DM kinetic coupling/free streaming are all outside CLASS/CAMB, and the paper's solver is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the cannibal background and perturbation equations (cannibal fluid with time-dependent equation of state and sound speed, decay to SM radiation, optional DM-cannibal kinetic coupling) as a CLASS extension, validated against the paper's k_pk scaling at T_rh = 10 MeV and the CDM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_07078_self_scattering_subthreshold_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-scattering sub-threshold scalar dark matter", "family": "forbidden_or_subthreshold_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07078", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The public DRAKE full-phase-space Boltzmann solver lacks the elastic DM self-scattering collision term (C_self) needed for this sub-threshold phi1 phi1 -> phi2 phi2 benchmark; the paper's implementation is only available on request, so the fBE relic calculation with self-scattering cannot be reproduced with public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public DRAKE code with the self-scattering collision-term module described in the paper (implementing the phi1^4-induced elastic self-scattering kernel on the discretized momentum grid), validating against the paper's nBE/cBE/fBE comparison for the sub-threshold benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_07078_self_scattering_subthreshold_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-scattering sub-threshold scalar dark matter", "family": "forbidden_or_subthreshold_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07078", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline exists to propagate the computed nonthermal relic distribution f(p,T) into a linear structure-formation prediction (transfer function or matter power spectrum); the card's structure_formation block is entirely unknown and the paper explicitly defers this to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the frozen-out f(p) from the DRAKE-based fBE calculation into CLASS or CAMB as a tabulated non-cold-relic phase-space distribution (ncdm psd file) to compute the transfer function and half-mode mass, and map to an equivalent thermal-WDM benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_10056_reverse_engineered_usr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Reverse-engineered ultra-slow-roll primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.10056", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical pipeline exists that reconstructs an inflaton potential from the target P_R(k) and verifies it by solving the background plus Mukhanov-Sasaki perturbations through the USR phase; step r2207_s2 has no attached code and no reverse-engineering run was performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public single-field Mukhanov-Sasaki solver (PyTransport/MultiModeCode-class) with an outer optimization loop that iterates the potential's plateau-feature parameters until the computed P_R(k) matches the reverse-engineered target while holding the CMB-scale normalization fixed.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_06178_abelian_higgs_string_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Abelian-Higgs string-decay dark matter scenario", "family": "cosmic_string_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.06178", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-density solver exists for dark matter injected nonthermally by decaying Abelian-Higgs string networks: the required calculation couples the string-network energy-loss history (weighted by eta_DM^2) to a Boltzmann equation with annihilation cross section sigma_0, including possible reannihilation, and is currently only estimated analytically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Boltzmann solver with a time-dependent source term dn_chi/dt proportional to the scaling string-network energy-loss rate for given (G mu, eta_DM^2), plus s-wave/p-wave annihilation, e.g. as an extension of micrOMEGAs' nonstandard-cosmology module or a lightweight standalone ODE code validated against the paper's m_chi = 500 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_13950_triplet_fermion_dm_fast_expansion_v1", "model_name": "Type-III fermion triplet dark matter in a fast-expanding pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.13950", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann solver computes the triplet freeze-out with the nonstandard pre-BBN expansion: the relic abundance requires solving the coannihilating Sigma_1^0/Sigma_1^+- freeze-out equations under H(T) modified by (n, T_r), which standard relic codes do not support out of the box.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or an equivalent freeze-out solver) with a user-defined Hubble rate for rho_extra proportional to a^-(4+n) restored to radiation domination at T_r, using the standard SU(2)_L-triplet annihilation and coannihilation cross sections, and validate against the paper's sub-1 TeV viable relic examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_05459_fopt_forbidden_decay_scotogenic_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "FOPT-enabled forbidden-decay scotogenic right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_forbidden_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.05459", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann/asymmetry solver for the FOPT-window cogenesis network evolving N1, the inert scalars, and B-L with finite-temperature masses, the temporarily open forbidden decay channel, and finite-temperature CP asymmetry.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a leptogenesis-style Boltzmann code (e.g. a ULYSSES-type framework or a custom ODE network on top of micrOMEGAs rates) with temperature-dependent masses, the T_n < T < T_s decay window, and sphaleron freeze-out, reproducing the paper's benchmark eta_B and Omega_N1 h^2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_00537_bl_miracle_less_wimp_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_B-L Miracle-less WIMP with late entropy dilution", "family": "miracle_less_wimp", "arxiv": "2307.00537", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No coupled Boltzmann implementation exists for the chi/N_1 system: standard relic codes assume radiation domination, whereas this model needs relativistic chi freeze-out through a heavy Z_BL followed by an RHN-driven early matter era and entropy release, currently handled only by the source's analytic yield-times-dilution estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a coupled chi/N_1/radiation Boltzmann solver (either a lightweight custom code or an extension of micrOMEGAs-style freeze-out with a user-defined expansion history) tracking the Z_BL-mediated interaction rate, the RHN matter era, and the entropy injection, validated against the source's Omega_chi h^2 = 0.12 dilution benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_02207_simplified_spin1_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Simplified spin-1 dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.02207", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the simplified spin-1 dark photon model exists: the FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for the b5/b6/b7 operators, the custom relic Boltzmann solver, and the spin-1-modified BdNMC beam-dump Monte Carlo used in the paper are all unreleased, so relic contours and LSND/MiniBooNE/NA64/LDMX event rates cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the b_i interaction Lagrangians as public FeynRules model files exportable to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs for the relic calculation, and extend the public BdNMC code to complex-vector DM production and scattering through a dark photon, validating against the paper's y-vs-m_X thermal targets and 90% C.L. contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_15380_dirac_wimp_from_modulus_decay_v1", "model_name": "Dirac fermion WIMP from modulus-dominated nonstandard cosmology", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_moduli_cosmology", "arxiv": "2308.15380", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann solver couples modulus decay, entropy injection, and nonthermal Dirac WIMP production (with dilution of the pre-existing thermal abundance and possible reannihilation) to compute the final relic abundance; the source imposes only analytic B_DM and T_RH requirements.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs non-standard cosmology module (or adapt a public early-matter-domination Boltzmann code) to a decaying modulus with branching fraction B_DM into the Dirac WIMP, validating against the source's B_DM < 1e-4 requirement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_00702_mirror_electron_sequential_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Mirror electron sequential freeze-in dark matter", "family": "mirror_sector_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.00702", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements sequential (double) freeze-in in which SM gluons first populate an out-of-equilibrium mirror-photon distribution that then produces e-prime, with the mediator phase-space distribution tracked rather than assumed thermal; the primary paper's appendix calculation is not released as reusable code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a standalone unintegrated-Boltzmann code in the style of DRAKE) to evolve the mirror-photon distribution f(p,T) from gluon-loop production at T_R < m_e_prime and feed it into the e-prime production collision term, validated against the primary paper's yield curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_15065_mst_eft_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "MST-EFT primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.15065", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the MST-EFT scalar power spectrum with multiple sharp SR/USR transitions including loop renormalization and DRG resummation; P_zeta(k) must currently be reconstructed by hand from paper equations, and it feeds every downstream prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's regularized-renormalized-resummed spectrum as a standalone module (or a primordial-spectrum plugin usable by SIGWfast/CLASS-style pipelines) parameterized by the six transition-scale pairs, transition sharpness, w, and c_s, with a built-in perturbativity check.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_05199_higgs_portal_gravitational_production_v1", "model_name": "Higgs portal scalar dark matter with gravitational reheating production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.05199", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the combined relic-abundance calculation for this model: Higgs-portal freeze-in plus SM graviton-exchange production plus inflaton-induced gravitational production integrated over the reheating history, as needed to reproduce the paper's Omega_chi h^2 contours in (m_chi, lambda, T_R, H_inf).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's three analytic source terms in a small dedicated Boltzmann integrator over the reheating era (or extend micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines with the two gravitational source terms), and validate against the published lambda = 10^-11 to 10^-8 abundance panels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_07601_dilaton_pngb_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dilaton forbidden dark matter", "family": "composite_forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.07601", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements finite-temperature forbidden freeze-out of the dEFT pNGB multiplet into heavier dilatons (thermally averaged rate that vanishes at T=0 for M_pi < M_d, with N_pi species and detailed balance); the paper's numerical solver is custom and unreleased.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the single-species forbidden Boltzmann equation with the paper's dEFT cross section and micrOMEGAs g(T)/h(T) tables (or encode the dEFT Lagrangian in micrOMEGAs/MadDM, which handle forbidden channels via thermal averaging), and validate by reproducing the paper's Omega_CDM h^2 = 0.120 band and checking detailed balance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_03996_finite_modular_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Finite modular majoron", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.03996", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Decay-produced majorons can be relativistic or semi-relativistic today, so they act as neither pure CDM nor pure dark radiation; there is no CLASS/CAMB implementation of their phase-space distribution to confront Planck and BAO data beyond a crude Delta N_eff estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the modulus-decay majoron momentum distribution from the gap_1 integrator into CLASS as a non-cold (ncdm) species with tabulated f(q), then evaluate Planck+BAO likelihoods in MontePython or Cobaya over (T_D, modulus abundance, m_J).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0009003_nonthermal_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermally produced WIMP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0009003", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public released implementation propagates the Gaussian nonthermal WIMP distribution f(p) through a linear Boltzmann code; the original CMBFAST adaptation is not distributed, so the transfer-function cutoff cannot currently be reproduced without re-implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Gaussian f(p) as a tabulated psd file for the CLASS ncdm module (or CAMB's nu_mass machinery), validate against the paper's r_c = (1.3, 1.4, 1.5)e-7 examples and the R_f ~ 0.1 Mpc scaling, and release the configuration.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1208_4376_density_dependent_interactions_v1", "model_name": "Chameleon-controlled density-dependent dark matter interactions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.4376", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver handles freeze-out with a chameleon-controlled time-dependent dark matter mass m_chi(phi) and gauge coupling f(phi); the paper's numerical solution of the modified Boltzmann equation is not released, so relic-density and late-time annihilation predictions cannot be re-derived across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a standalone ODE code) to co-evolve the cosmological chameleon field equation with the freeze-out Boltzmann equation, taking the chameleon potential and m_chi(phi), f(phi) functions as inputs and validating against the paper's Omega_chi h^2 = 0.1097 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_02830_filtered_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Filtered Dirac fermion dark matter at a first-order phase transition", "family": "filtered_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.02830", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver exists for dark-matter phase-space filtering at a bubble wall: the transmission/reflection kinetics with the wall profile, annihilation of reflected particles, and the resulting filtered high-momentum tail were computed with a private numerical method in the primary paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release a 1D kinetic solver for the distribution function across a moving wall, parameterized by (m_chi_in/T_n, v_w, L_w, y_chi), reproducing the paper's benchmark m_chi/T_n values of about 25, 32, 40 for T_n = 1 GeV, 1 TeV, 1 PeV; a natural host is an extension of existing bubble-wall friction codes such as WallGo.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_2219_reannihilating_higgsino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Re-annihilating Higgsino-like neutralino from DFSZ axino decay", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2219", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver evolves the DFSZ axino freeze-out abundance, its late decay into neutralinos, and the subsequent neutralino re-annihilation to the final relic density; the relic outcome is currently set only by the paper's analytic re-annihilation estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the freeze-out module of micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY with an axino source term (yield and lifetime set by f_a and mu) and solve the coupled number-density equations through decay and re-annihilation, validating against the paper's Omega h^2 ~ 0.11 target for <sigma v> ~ 1e-8 GeV^-2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5244_snmssm_singlino_lsp_benchmark_lines_v1", "model_name": "Semi-constrained NMSSM singlino-like neutralino LSP benchmark lines", "family": "singlino_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5244", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Standard Boltzmann solvers compute the singlino relic density only in standard Big-Bang cosmology, where generic sNMSSM points overclose; there is no card-consistent tool for evaluating the relic abundance under the modified expansion or entropy histories the model invokes as viability escapes, so the relic flag cannot distinguish which nonstandard history rescues a given point.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a micrOMEGAs-based NMSSM relic calculation with a parameterized nonstandard pre-BBN history (modified Hubble rate and late entropy injection, as in low-reheating-temperature freeze-out treatments) so the overclosure flag can be evaluated as a function of the cosmological-history parameters alongside the resonance-annihilation option.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1410_5908_u1h_superheavy_wimpzilla_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "U(1)H-stabilized superheavy WIMPZILLA with dark radiation", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.5908", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented numerical pipeline evolves the subdominant hidden scalar's abundance and late decay into hidden photons to produce Delta N_eff at BBN and recombination for this model; the card's dark-radiation evolution step has no tool and the paper's exclusion contours are not reproducible from local text.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model onto the existing decaying-cold-species-to-dark-radiation sector of CLASS (dcdm->dr) or write a small ODE code evolving rho_phi and rho_gamma_H through phi decay, parameterized by (m_phi, tau_phi, initial phi yield), and validate against the paper's Fig. 2 exclusion region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_01973_u1dm_z3_scalar_simp_v1", "model_name": "Global U(1)_DM-remnant Z3 scalar SIMP", "family": "strongly_interacting_massive_particle", "arxiv": "1501.01973", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The authors' FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation of the remnant-Z3 scalar SIMP model, including the Boltzmann solver for self-, semi-, and 3-to-2 annihilations, is not publicly released, so the 7-115 MeV relic-density scan and benchmark selection cannot be reproduced or extended from the card's resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the three-scalar potential (H, phi_X, X with U(1)_DM charges 0, 3, 1) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and add a custom number-changing Boltzmann module for the 3-to-2 and semi-annihilation rates, validating against the paper's 7-115 MeV SIMP window (or obtain and publish the original author files).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_01246_vector_mediator_reannihilating_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Closed-sector vector-mediator reannihilating SIDM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01246", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver evolves a fully closed dark sector (chi + light vector mediator + massless dark radiation) through freeze-out from dark radiation, kinetic decoupling, and a Sommerfeld-enhanced late reannihilation epoch with its time-dependent abundance and dark-radiation injection history.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the hidden-sector coupled Boltzmann equations of the primary paper (abundance plus dark-sector temperature, with velocity-dependent Sommerfeld-enhanced cross section) as a public module, e.g. extending DarkSUSY's or micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector freeze-out machinery to output n_chi(z), T_dark(z), and the dark-radiation injection rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_01246_vector_mediator_reannihilating_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Closed-sector vector-mediator reannihilating SIDM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01246", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public CLASS/CAMB module computes the linear transfer function and CMB spectra for this model's combination of dark-acoustic damping from late kinetic coupling plus a time-dependent Hubble-rate modification from reannihilation energy injection; the ETHOS parameterization covers steady DM-DR coupling but not the reannihilation-driven time dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ETHOS-style modified CLASS with (i) the DM-dark-radiation scattering rate for this vector-mediator coupling and (ii) a time-dependent background sector taking n_chi(z) and dark-radiation injection from the hidden-sector Boltzmann solver, then validate against the paper's theta_star consistency benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2011_10606_higgs_noncanonical_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical Higgs-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2011.10606", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public inflationary perturbation solver handles the peaked noncanonical kinetic term G(phi)X of this Higgs-inflation realization; the paper's numerical P_zeta(k) code is not identified as released, and standard public solvers assume canonical kinetic terms, blocking reproduction of the enhanced small-scale spectrum that feeds every downstream observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public mode-by-mode inflation perturbation solver (e.g. a MultiModeCode-class MS solver) to the G(phi)X action with the H11/H12/H21/H22 peak functions, validating against the primary paper's benchmark P_zeta peaks and CMB-scale amplitudes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2011_10606_tmodel_noncanonical_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical T-model primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2011.10606", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public inflationary perturbation solver handles the peaked noncanonical kinetic term G(phi)X added to the T-model potential V0 tanh^(2m)(phi/sqrt(6)); the paper's numerical P_zeta(k) code is not identified as released, and standard public solvers assume canonical kinetic terms, blocking reproduction of the enhanced small-scale spectrum that feeds every downstream observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public mode-by-mode inflation perturbation solver (e.g. a MultiModeCode-class MS solver) to the G(phi)X action with the T-model potential and its peak functions, validating against the primary paper's benchmark P_zeta peaks and CMB-scale amplitudes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_13269_scale_invariant_vector_fimp_prebbn_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant Higgs-portal vector FIMP in a fast pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.13269", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the scale-invariant U(1)_X vector-FIMP model exists for a freeze-in Boltzmann solver with a faster-than-radiation pre-BBN Hubble rate H(T) parameterized by (n, T_R); the relic yield Y_X(T) currently cannot be recomputed outside the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian in FeynRules/CalcHEP, and run the micrOMEGAs 5 freeze-in module with its user-defined nonstandard expansion history set to the (n, T_R) power-law era, validating against the paper's m_X > 240 GeV bound and enhanced-coupling bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_15380_bino_neutralino_modulus_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bino-like neutralino dark matter from modulus decay in the MSSM", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.15380", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann solver couples modulus decay, entropy injection, and nonthermal bino production with possible residual annihilation to give the final relic abundance; the source only imposes analytic requirements.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs non-standard cosmology module (or adapt a public early-matter-domination Boltzmann code) to include a decaying modulus with branching fraction B_DM into LSP-producing cascades and validate against the source's B_DM < 1e-4 requirement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_15380_complex_scalar_wimp_from_modulus_decay_v1", "model_name": "Complex scalar WIMP from modulus-dominated nonstandard cosmology", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_moduli_cosmology", "arxiv": "2308.15380", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann solver couples modulus decay, entropy injection, and nonthermal complex-scalar WIMP production (with possible reannihilation) to compute the final relic abundance; the source imposes only analytic B_DM and T_RH requirements.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs non-standard cosmology module (or adapt a public early-matter-domination Boltzmann code) to a decaying modulus with branching fraction B_DM into the complex scalar WIMP, validating against the source's B_DM < 1e-4 requirement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_09640_clockwork_scalar_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Minimal clockwork neutrinogenesis scalar dark-sector subcomponent", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.09640", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Dirac-leptogenesis Boltzmann calculation with clockwork-suppressed couplings and resonant CP enhancement has no public implementation, so the heavy-gear decay-timing constraint on the parent framework cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann code such as ULYSSES with Dirac-leptogenesis asymmetry-transfer equations and clockwork-derived couplings and decay rates over the (N, q, m_i) benchmark space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_05619_synchronous_mirror_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Synchronous mirror atomic dark matter", "family": "mirror_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.05619", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code implements the synchronous mirror atomic sector: dark-proton/dark-electron recombination tied to the visible epoch, dark-photon Thomson coupling and free-streaming transition, and the FFAT ratio-preserving density scalings, so CMB spectra and transfer functions for (f_ADM, xi_d, lambda) cannot be generated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a dark-hydrogen recombination module (a rescaled RecFast/HyRec with alpha_d, m_e,d, m_p,d, xi_d inputs), a tightly-coupled ADM-dark-photon fluid with its own Thomson rate, and the FFAT proportional scaling of CDM, neutrino, and dark-radiation densities, validating on the synchronous-recombination ratio conditions and the paper's benchmark fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0502222_bstv_scalar_oscillation_cdm_v1", "model_name": "BSTV scalar-field oscillation cold dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0502222", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No relativistic Boltzmann/perturbation solver implements this preferred-frame tensor-vector-scalar framework with oscillating scalar-amplitude CDM; standard codes (CLASS/CAMB) assume GR, so modern CMB acoustic-peak and lensing predictions beyond the background density cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a modified-gravity Boltzmann code (e.g. hi_class or EFTCAMB) with the BSTV vector and scalar sectors and the averaged oscillating-q fluid, then compute C_ell against Planck-era data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_11844_heavy_zprime_freeze_in_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Heavy invisible Z-prime portal FIMP freeze-in during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11844", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements UV freeze-in through the heavy invisible Z-prime portal (generalized Chern-Simons operators) during non-instantaneous reheating; the paper's coupled inflaton-radiation-FIMP Boltzmann system with T_R and T_max is custom and unreleased, and micrOMEGAs-style freeze-in routines assume a radiation-dominated history.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the GCS-operator reaction-rate density R(T) in a public freeze-in solver extended with an inflaton-dominated reheating phase parameterized by (T_R, T_max) — e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or release a standalone coupled Boltzmann-fluid code — and validate against the published relic-density contours for the benchmark T_R and T_max.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf2_v1", "model_name": "Two-flavor chiral composite asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dark-sector thermal-history solver exists for this model's chiral composite setup: tracking the dark temperature through SU(3)_D confinement, dark pion annihilation to dark photons, and dark photon decay/recoupling to the SM at epsilon of 10^-11 to 10^-8 to output the entropy transfer and Delta N_eff.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement coupled visible/dark temperature evolution with dark-photon decay and inverse-decay collision terms in a hidden-sector Boltzmann code (e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' two-temperature machinery or a standalone solver feeding Delta N_eff into CLASS/CAMB), parameterized by (Lambda_D, m_A_prime, epsilon).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_08272_scalar_condensate_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar condensate freeze-in model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08272", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No interface propagates the final condensate fraction and nonthermal freeze-in spectrum f(k) into a linear structure code, so the mixed cold-plus-warm matter power modification and any small-scale-structure comparison cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a converter that maps the solver output to a CLASS configuration with the condensate as CDM and the particle component as an ncdm species with the tabulated f(k), verifying the cold and pure-freeze-in limits of the resulting transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_05678_cool_atomic_dark_matter_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Cool atomic dark matter subcomponent", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.05678", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the cool atomic-dark-matter subcomponent (dark recombination with B_d/T_d^0, dark-photon Thomson coupling, f_adm split against a CDM remainder); the paper's modified CAMB is not released, so the CMB/matter-power pipeline cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ADM subcomponent in public CLASS or CAMB, reusing the existing interacting-DM/dark-radiation (ETHOS-style) module structure and adding a dark-recombination history solver parameterized by (f_adm, T_d^0, B_d/T_d^0, dark baryon-to-photon ratio), then release it with CosmoMC/Cobaya wrappers.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0004332_cosh_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosh-potential scalar-field dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0004332", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern public Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the cosh-potential scalar-field dark matter (early exponential tracking plus late quadratic oscillations); the only perturbation computation is an unreleased amended-CMBFAST run from the source paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the cosh potential in a CLASS or AxiCLASS scalar-field module using an oscillation-averaged effective-fluid treatment after the field enters its quadratic regime, and validate against the source's claims of CDM-like growth and the m_phi > 3e-26 eV / BBN parameter mapping with modern Planck cosmological parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_07951_kinetic_mixing_cosmic_millicharged_background_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic-mixing cosmic millicharged-particle background with dark photon", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07951", "score": 24.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver covers reheating-era mCP freeze-in with T_max = T_rh together with the subsequent annihilation and entropy transfer into the massless dark photon; both the yield Y_chi(T_rh) and Delta N_eff currently rely on the paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in machinery (or a standalone code in the style of ULYSSES/DRAKE) with a two-temperature reheating module that evolves the inflaton, SM bath, mCP, and dark-photon energy densities, parameterized by (m_chi, epsilon, g_d, T_rh), and validate by reproducing the primary paper's abundance and Delta N_eff contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1205_0553_decaying_scalar_cdm_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Decaying scalar CDM to dark radiation", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0553", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for CDM decaying to dark radiation with the time-dependent rate Gamma = alpha H; the paper's modified CAMB patch was never released, and the stock CLASS/CAMB decaying-CDM modules assume a constant decay rate, so neither the late-growing Delta N_eff(a) background nor the coupled perturbation hierarchy for the massless daughter can currently be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the existing dcdm/dark-radiation sector in CLASS to accept Gamma = alpha H (background energy transfer plus the paper's perturbation equations for the massive parent and massless daughter), validate against the published alpha < 0.027-0.028 WMAP7+ACT/SPT limits, then rerun with Planck/ACT-DR6/SPT-3G likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_0555_mini_split_neutralino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mini-Split supersymmetry with neutralino LSP dark matter", "family": "split_supersymmetry_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0555", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Stock micrOMEGAs-class relic solvers lack the Sommerfeld-enhanced electroweak annihilation needed to compute the multi-TeV wino (and heavy higgsino) thermal abundance in the Mini-Split spectrum, so the ~2.5 TeV wino target cannot be turned into a precise likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or interface DarkSUSY) with Sommerfeld-corrected wino/higgsino annihilation and coannihilation rates and validate against published thermal wino benchmark masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_08750_submev_scalar_mediator_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-MeV scalar-mediator dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08750", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No solver exists for the coupled dark-sector thermal history of sub-MeV chi with a light scalar mediator phi (plus optional phi_prime): thermalization status with the SM bath, hidden-sector freeze-out relic density, and the resulting Delta N_eff (the ~0.09 prediction in the high nuclear-cross-section regime) are currently only analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dedicated dark-sector Boltzmann module (temperature-ratio evolution plus chi and phi number densities with g_e/g_N-mediated SM exchange rates), validate against the paper's Delta N_eff ~ 0.09 benchmark, and feed the resulting Delta N_eff into CLASS/CAMB for CMB comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_01056_kination_nonequilibrium_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kination non-equilibrium Majorana dark matter production", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01056", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No implemented calculation exists for the enhanced growth of perturbations entering the horizon during the w=1 kination era and the resulting small-scale matter power and microhalo abundance for this model; the small-scale-structure observable relies on later related work with no code on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Modify CLASS to include a kinaton (w=1) background component through T_R so kination-era mode growth is captured, combine with the gap_2 cutoff, and attach a semi-analytic microhalo mass-function module to translate the enhanced power into microhalo abundances and optional annihilation boosts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_01804_low_reheat_hidden_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector glueball dark matter in a late-modulus low-reheat cosmology", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01804", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The modulus reheating step uses an instantaneous-decay approximation with order-one corrections acknowledged by the paper; no numerical two-sector (visible plus hidden) reheating solver exists for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small coupled Boltzmann solver evolving the modulus, visible radiation, and hidden radiation with a finite decay width and branching fraction B, replacing the instantaneous-decay temperatures used in the semi-analytic route.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1709_07001_dirac_neutrino_portal_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal dark matter through the Dirac neutrino portal", "family": "neutrino_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.07001", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-hierarchy treatment of the DM-neutrino interaction is available for this model, so the small-scale cutoff M_cut and the N_eff/BBN floor are only heuristic estimates rather than computed transfer functions and Delta N_eff values.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ETHOS-style interacting-DM branch of CLASS with the model's DM-neutrino scattering rate (derived from y_L, U_alpha4, m_chi, m_phi) to compute the linear transfer function and M_cut, and couple the same thermal history to a BBN/N_eff calculation (e.g. a CLASS + PArthENoPE/PRIMAT pipeline) for the MeV-scale floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_05170_phase_transition_depopulated_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Phase-transition depopulated fermionic dark matter", "family": "thermal_wimp_depopulation", "arxiv": "1712.05170", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements thermal freeze-out with a temporarily unstable dark matter particle: temperature-dependent decay and inverse-decay terms active only between the phase-transition endpoints x_a and x_b, followed by incomplete regeneration from eta decays and possible entropy injection after symmetry restoration.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a coupled Boltzmann integrator (e.g. extending the micrOMEGAs freeze-out routines or a standalone python/DRAKE-style solver) with number-density equations for N and eta that include annihilation, decay, and inverse-decay collision terms gated by the finite-temperature potential solution, plus entropy-dilution bookkeeping; validate against the paper's benchmark (M_N=237.7 GeV, x_a=1.21, x_b=25.1, Omega h^2=0.112).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_04311_z2_fermion_dark_u1_bound_states_v1", "model_name": "Z2 fermion dark matter from broken local U(1) with bound states", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04311", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the coupled system with Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation, bound-state formation via R and A' emission, bound-state dissociation and decay, chi1-chi2 coannihilation, and late reannihilation before BBN for this broken dark U(1) model; the paper used private micrOMEGAs-based code with an admittedly rough scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a standalone code in the style of existing bound-state freeze-out packages) with the paper's bound-state formation/dissociation rate formulae, including longitudinal dark-photon contributions and the chi1-chi2 splitting, and validate against the paper's perturbative vs Sommerfeld-only vs bound-state-included relic curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_prime_vector_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A': Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for this model's hidden-sector thermal history: the coupled evolution of chi and A-prime abundances with a hidden-to-visible temperature ratio T-prime/T, mediator freeze-out or decay via kinetic mixing, and the resulting mediator yield and lifetime — inputs required by the CMB, BBN, and N_eff constraints — was not run and has no packaged tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' two-temperature hidden-sector mode (or a dedicated coupled-Boltzmann code) to track chi freeze-out, A-prime yield Y_med, and epsilon-dependent lifetime as functions of (m_DM, m_med, g-prime, epsilon_KM, T-prime/T), outputting the quantities the downstream CMB/BBN recasts consume.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A: Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver is configured for hidden-sector freeze-out of chi chi-bar to phi phi at a hidden-to-visible temperature ratio T'/T while co-evolving the scalar mediator number density, decay history, and lifetime, which are the inputs the CMB/BBN mediator-abundance constraints require.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a dedicated coupled two-temperature Boltzmann code) with a hidden-sector bath at T', the chi and phi number-density equations, and phi decay through the Higgs portal, outputting Omega_chi, Y_phi, and tau_phi over the (m_DM, m_med, y_phi, lambda_HP, T'/T) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_prime_vector_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B': vector-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver is configured for the model's two-mediator hidden-sector freeze-out: chi chi-bar to S S dominating the relic density alongside the subdominant A' A' channel at a temperature ratio T'/T, with co-evolution of the A' and S abundances, decays, and lifetimes that feed the CMB/BBN mediator-abundance constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a dedicated coupled two-temperature Boltzmann code) with the chi, A', and S number-density equations, the y_S and g' annihilation channels, and kinetic-mixing/Higgs-portal decays, outputting Omega_chi, Y_A', Y_S, and lifetimes over (m_DM, m_med, g', y_S, epsilon, lambda_HS, T'/T).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_scalar_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B: scalar-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver is configured for the model's two-mediator hidden-sector freeze-out: chi chi-bar to S S dominating the relic density alongside the subdominant phi channel at a temperature ratio T'/T, with co-evolution of the phi and S abundances, decays, and lifetimes that feed the CMB/BBN mediator-abundance constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a dedicated coupled two-temperature Boltzmann code) with the chi, phi, and S number-density equations, the y_S and y_phi annihilation channels, and Higgs-portal decays, outputting Omega_chi, Y_phi, Y_S, and lifetimes over (m_DM, m_med, y_phi, y_S, lambda_HS, T'/T).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_c_pwave_scalar_mediator_decay_chain_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model C: p-wave scalar-mediator SIDM with scalar mediator-decay channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver is configured for the model's decay-chain cosmology: p-wave chi chi-bar to phi phi freeze-out at a temperature ratio T'/T with phi depletion through phi to S S decays or annihilations and S decay to the SM through the Higgs portal, which sets the mediator yields and lifetimes the CMB/BBN constraints require.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a dedicated coupled two-temperature Boltzmann code) with the chi, phi, and S number-density equations including the lambda_S phi S^2 depletion channel and Higgs-portal S decay, outputting Omega_chi, Y_phi, Y_S, and lifetimes over (m_DM, m_med, y_phi, lambda_S, lambda_HS, T'/T).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_d_stable_vector_mediator_scalar_annihilation_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model D: stable vector-mediator SIDM with scalar annihilation outlet", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver is configured for the model's defining cosmology: chi freeze-out into a stable A' whose relic population must be depleted by A' A' to S S annihilation followed by Higgs-portal S decay, all at a hidden temperature ratio T'/T; the A' residual abundance and S lifetime are exactly the quantities the overclosure and BBN/N_eff constraints act on.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a dedicated coupled two-temperature Boltzmann code) with the chi, A', and S number-density equations including the g' J_S A' depletion channel and lambda_HS-controlled S decay, outputting Omega_chi, the residual Y_A', Y_S, and tau_S over (m_DM, m_A', m_S, g', lambda_HS, T'/T).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_03329_nonthermal_sterile_hot_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal sterile hot dark matter from inflaton or moduli decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03329", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS plus MontePython implementation of the decay-produced nonthermal sterile distribution (f(q) mapped to ncdm inputs with m_eff and Delta N_eff as sampled parameters) is not publicly released, so the paper's pipeline cannot be rerun as-is.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the decay f(q) as a CLASS ncdm psd file (or analytic psd function) parameterized by (m_phi, Gamma_phi, B_sp, m_sp), wire it into a MontePython/Cobaya parameter block with the Planck, BAO/f_sigma8, Pantheon, and S8-prior likelihoods, and validate against the published posterior values (m_sp ~ 0.48-0.67 eV).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2201_05412_heavy_majoron_3to2_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-Majoron three-to-two Z3 scalar dark matter variant", "family": "z3_scalar_3to2_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.05412", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code solves the 3-to-2 (SIMP-like) freeze-out for this Z3 scalar model in the heavy-Majoron branch: the calculation needs the 3-to-2 matrix element plus coupled dark-sector number-density and temperature equations under the card's dark-sector thermalization assumptions, and standard relic codes only implement 2-to-2 and semi-annihilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or write a standalone solver in the style of published SIMP/cannibal-dark-matter codes) with the chi chi chi -> chi chi* thermally averaged rate from the lambda_3 phi* chi^3 vertex, coupled to a dark-temperature evolution equation with kinetic coupling to the SM tracked, and validate against the paper's light- versus heavy-Majoron abundance comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_04453_hidden_sector_dark_fermion_hubble_tension_v1", "model_name": "Out-of-equilibrium U(1)_X hidden-sector dark-fermion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.04453", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public two-temperature coupled Boltzmann solver exists for this U(1)_X hidden sector: the relic density and N_eff history require evolving visible and hidden temperatures plus yields of D, A_prime, S, and the pseudoscalar under feeble kinetic-mixing population, which the paper did with a private code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled visible/hidden-temperature Boltzmann system (collision terms for kinetic-mixing energy transfer plus dark-sector 2->2 reactions) as a public module, e.g. extending micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector/freeze-in machinery or releasing a standalone solver validated against the paper's benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_03932_alp_mediated_fermion_freeze_in_dfo_v1", "model_name": "ALP-mediated fermion dark matter with freeze-in and decoupled freeze-out", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.03932", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver evolves the coupled ALP/DM number and energy densities with an independent hidden-sector temperature T_prime across the direct freeze-in, sequential freeze-in, and decoupled freeze-out regimes of this model; the relic-density route therefore cannot be run without re-deriving the paper's private solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a DRAKE-style dedicated code) with a two-temperature system tracking Y_chi, Y_a, and the hidden-sector energy density, including off-shell ALP-mediated SM-to-DM production, a-a to chi-chi conversion, and hidden-sector freeze-out at T_prime, validated against the paper's relic-density bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_00644_alp_mediated_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP-mediated Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00644", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the coupled unintegrated (phase-space-resolved) Boltzmann equations needed for sequential freeze-in through a nonthermal ALP mediator population; existing relic codes assume integrated number-density equations with thermal or quasi-thermal distributions, so the sequential-freeze-in and decoupled-freeze-out phase boundaries cannot be recomputed reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a momentum-discretized Boltzmann solver for the ALP distribution function f_a(p,t) coupled to the DM number density (extending a freeze-in framework such as micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or a standalone code), tracking the hidden-sector temperature, and validate against the primary paper's phase ordering in the (g_aff, g_a_chi) plane at the m_chi/m_a = 10 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_07345_fermion_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic UV freeze-in baryogenesis with early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07345", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the dimension-6 UV freeze-in dark-matter yield together with the sector-wise lepton asymmetry in a background including an early matter-dominated era and its entropy injection; micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines cover neither the asymmetry source nor nonstandard EMD histories.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a reusable coupled Y_DM/Y_B-L Boltzmann module (or extend a leptogenesis code such as ULYSSES) with a decaying-matter component, taking T_RH, Lambda, lambda_i, and Delta_EMD as inputs, and validate against the paper's standard-history viability window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_07345_scalar_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "Scalar UV freeze-in baryogenesis with early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07345", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the dimension-5 UV freeze-in scalar dark-matter yield together with the sector-wise lepton asymmetry in a background including an early matter-dominated era and its entropy injection; micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines cover neither the asymmetry source nor nonstandard EMD histories.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a reusable coupled Y_DM/Y_B-L Boltzmann module (or extend a leptogenesis code such as ULYSSES) with a decaying-matter component, taking T_RH, Lambda, lambda_i, and Delta_EMD as inputs, and validate against the paper's standard-history viability window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01960_resonant_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Resonant pseudo-Dirac dark matter", "family": "pseudo_dirac_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01960", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver handles the resonant pseudo-Dirac thermal history: coupled chemical and kinetic (temperature) evolution of chi_1/chi_2 with early kinetic decoupling near a narrow s-channel dark-photon resonance and tracking of the surviving excited-state fraction f_*.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a beyond-kinetic-equilibrium relic solver such as DRAKE (or add a coupled-temperature module to micrOMEGAs) to two pseudo-Dirac states with off-diagonal dark-photon coupling, delta_R-parameterized resonance, and chi_2 depletion equations, validated against the paper's delta_R = 0.001-0.1 scan and high-f_* benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_04158_slow_fopt_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from slow supercooled first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.04158", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The secondary scalar-induced GW component requires integrating induced-GW kernels over the non-Gaussian curvature spectrum generated by the slow transition; existing public induced-GW integrators assume Gaussian primordial spectra and there is no tool covering this model's source statistics.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public scalar-induced GW code (e.g. a SIGWfast-class kernel integrator) to accept the FOPT-generated curvature spectrum and its non-Gaussian corrections as input, validated against the primary's secondary-peak amplitude fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_05619_asynchronous_mirror_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asynchronous mirror atomic dark matter", "family": "mirror_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.05619", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code implements the asynchronous mirror atomic sector: a dark recombination history with freely varying binding-energy-to-temperature ratio B_e,d/T_d, dark-photon Thomson coupling with a correctly timed fluid-to-free-streaming transition, and the associated perturbation equations, so no spectra can be produced for (f_ADM, xi_d, B_e,d/T_d).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a rescaled dark-hydrogen recombination solver (RecFast/HyRec generalized to alpha_d, m_e,d, m_p,d, xi_d with B_e,d/T_d as a free input) and a dark-photon Boltzmann hierarchy that switches from tightly-coupled fluid to free-streaming at the computed mirror recombination epoch, validating against the paper's preference for recombination between helium and hydrogen recombination.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0607012_warm_neutralino_low_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating warm neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0607012", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public low-reheating Boltzmann code couples the scalar-decay era (T_RH ~ 10 MeV, b/m_phi production, suppressed annihilation and scattering) to the neutralino abundance and momentum evolution; the paper relied on a private relic-density evolution program.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a standalone solver) with the coupled scalar-radiation-neutralino Boltzmann system for low-T_RH cosmologies, including elastic/inelastic neutralino-lepton scattering terms so both Omega_chi h^2 and the out-of-equilibrium spectrum condition (m_slepton, mu bounds) are computed consistently.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2108_06928_right_handed_neutrino_coupled_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed-neutrino-coupled dark matter", "family": "interacting_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.06928", "score": 23.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements the late-time coupled fluid of a dark matter subcomponent scattering with light right-handed neutrinos through a light scalar mediator; existing public DM-neutrino-interaction CLASS patches target active neutrinos with constant or T^2 cross sections, not this model's strongly momentum- and velocity-dependent late momentum exchange.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing interacting DM-neutrino CLASS branch with a separate RH-neutrino species and the model's scalar-mediated momentum-exchange rate, evolving the coupled f_chi fluid perturbations and sound speed to output P(k) across the full f_chi range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0809_0375_power_law_tachyon_quartessence_v1", "model_name": "Power-law tachyon quartessence condensate", "family": "k_essence_unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "0809.0375", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the power-law tachyon unified fluid's linear perturbations with its variable adiabatic sound speed c_s(a) and shrinking acoustic horizon, so CMB and matter-power predictions can only be guessed from generalized-Chaplygin analogues that require an unvalidated recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the tachyon fluid (L = -V(phi)sqrt(1-X) with V = V_n phi^(2n)) as a dark-fluid species in CLASS with its exact background w(a) and adiabatic c_s(a, delta), validate the alpha->0 CDM limit against the related generalized-Chaplygin analyses, then run against Planck/BAO/SN likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0809_0677_exact_parity_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Exact-parity mirror-baryon dark matter thermodynamic model", "family": "mirror_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.0677", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/CMB-LSS code implements mirror-baryon perturbations: a mirror photon-baryon fluid with mirror recombination at temperature x*T, dark acoustic oscillations, and the resulting linear transfer function for mirror-baryon dark matter, which the card lists as a required code resource with no tool named.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS (building on existing atomic-dark-matter implementations) with a mirror sector: mirror photons and baryons as a coupled tightly-coupled fluid, a rescaled RECFAST/HyRec-style mirror recombination module at temperature ratio x, sourced by the g_star(T), g_star_prime(T_prime) tables from the thermodynamic steps.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1903_12192_mirror_baryon_dirac_leptogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-baryon asymmetric dark matter from Dirac leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.12192", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver exists for Dirac leptogenesis with coupled visible and mirror sectors: heavy Dirac singlet-neutrino decays into both sectors, flavour effects, washout in each sector, and simultaneous tracking of Y_B and Y_Bprime; only the paper's unflavoured hierarchical analytic benchmark is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis solver (e.g. the ULYSSES framework) with Dirac-type asymmetry conservation, mirror-sector decay channels y and yprime, per-sector washout parameters, and dual sphaleron conversion, validating against the paper's M_1 lower-bound scaling in the unflavoured hierarchical limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_11248_superweak_sterile_neutrino_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak U(1) sterile neutrino dark matter (freeze-in variant)", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.11248", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the super-weak U(1)_z coupled Z-prime/N1 freeze-in system exists; the relic-yield route relies on an unreleased custom Boltzmann solver, so the g_z-M_Zprime viability curves cannot be reproduced or scanned by third parties.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_z model (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files with the gauge covariant-derivative couplings) and run it through micrOMEGAs 5's freeze-in machinery, validating against the paper's M_1=10 keV example and the g_z ~ 1e-11-1e-10 band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_13475_alp_extended_su2d_vector_dm_catalyzed_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "ALP-assisted SU(2)_D vector dark matter with catalyzed freeze-out", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13475", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements ALP-assisted catalyzed freeze-out: coupled Y_X/Y_C equations with X X -> Zprime Zprime, the 3 Zprime -> X X catalyst process, catalyst decay, and the temperature-dependent ALP-dark-sector scattering rate that maintains kinetic equilibrium and shifts the freeze-out temperature by an order of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a standalone coupled-Boltzmann implementation of the base SU(2)_D catalyzed system with the ALP elastic-scattering collision term (parameterized by m_X/f_a and the thermal ALP bath), fixing the ALP coupling normalization noted in the route caveats; validate by reproducing the paper's benchmark freeze-out shift and the Omega_X h^2 = 0.12 contours versus r_XZprime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_05655_eft_sharp_transition_pbh_v1", "model_name": "EFT single-field sharp-transition PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2302.05655", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the one-loop corrected and resummed curvature power spectrum for the EFT of single-field inflation with a sharp SR-to-USR transition and c_s != 1; the primary's perturbativity window (1 < c_s < 1.17) can only be reproduced by re-deriving the loop integrals by hand under a specific renormalization/resummation prescription.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the EFT mode functions and the one-loop/resummed P_zeta(k) in an inflationary transport-style numerical code (extending a PyTransport/CppTransport-class solver to the EFT Goldstone action with tunable c_s and sharp-transition matching), parameterized by (c_s, M_2^4/(H M_p^2), transition times, renormalization prescription), validated against the paper's 1 < c_s < 1.17 window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_12286_dark_neutron_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-sector dark neutron WIMP-baryogenesis model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.12286", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the coupled two-sector cosmology of parallel WIMP baryogenesis: visible and dark parent freezeout at different sector temperatures, CP-violating decays, symmetric-relic annihilation in the dark QCD sector, and reheaton entropy injection must be tracked together to predict Omega_DM/Omega_b, and the paper only provides benchmark logic.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dedicated coupled Boltzmann code (or extend micrOMEGAs-style machinery with a two-temperature hidden-sector module) evolving parent yields, asymmetries, dark-sector temperature, and reheaton decay through confinement, validated against the paper's benchmark Omega_DM/Omega_b relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_15533_sterile_neutrino_strong_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino freeze-in at stronger coupling", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.15533", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in regime with reheating temperature below the sterile-neutrino mass, including the transition toward freeze-out at larger couplings; the relic calculation currently exists only as the paper's own equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or implement a standalone solver of the paper's Boltzmann equations) to accept T_R < M with the scalar-bath abundance tracked, and validate against the paper's published relic curves in (M, lambda, T_R).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_1145_q4_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Q4-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "discrete_flavor_higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.1145", "score": 23.3, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver is in place for the multi-component regime where heavier Q4 scalars do not decay: the coupled Boltzmann network with annihilation, semi-annihilation, and dark conversion among several near-degenerate hidden scalars exceeds the standard one- and two-component configurations of public relic codes.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' multi-component/semi-annihilation machinery, or write a dedicated coupled-Boltzmann solver taking the enumerated Q4 reaction list, and validate it by recovering the one-component limit when the heavy-scalar decays are open.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07951_pure_cosmic_millicharged_background_v1", "model_name": "Pure fermionic cosmic millicharged-particle background", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07951", "score": 23.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes pure-mCP production during reheating across the IR freeze-in, UV freeze-in (m_chi near T_rh), and thermalized freeze-out regimes with T_max = T_rh; the abundance contours underlying every route are private to the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or write a standalone yield solver) with a reheating phase evolving the inflaton and SM bath, covering the transition from freeze-in to thermalized freeze-out in (q_chi, m_chi, T_rh), validated against the paper's quoted q_chi about 1e-11 freeze-in contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1001_4634_ghost_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ghost dark matter", "family": "ghost_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1001.4634", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements the ghost-dark-matter fluid perturbations, i.e. a component with time-dependent sound speed c_s^2 = rho_gdm/M^4 plus the higher-derivative (k^4/M^2) gradient term, so the predicted power-law Jeans suppression cannot be computed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the GDM perturbation equations in CLASS by extending its generalized-fluid machinery with c_s^2(a) = rho_gdm(a)/M^4 and the k-dependent higher-derivative correction, restricted to the near-condensate validity domain, and validate against the paper's k_J,eq scaling and M ~ 10 eV bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1409_3167_degenerate_free_fermion_inflaton_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate free-fermion dark matter with inflaton-decay production", "family": "fermionic_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.3167", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function calculation exists for the inflaton-decay quasi-monochromatic momentum distribution; the free-streaming constraint currently relies on the crude lambda_FS < 0.5 Mpc criterion instead of an actual linear power spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Tabulate the redshifted decay-produced f(p) and feed it to CLASS as a non-cold ncdm species with a custom phase-space distribution, producing T(k) over the (m_f, Br, m_phi/T_RH) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1510_09010_noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical scalar unified dark matter-dark energy model", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1510.09010", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code module implements the unified non-canonical scalar (L = X^alpha - V(phi)) with its kinetic dark-matter component evolving at sound speed c_s^2 = 1/(2 alpha - 1), so the linear matter power spectrum and growth observables cannot be computed for the critical perturbation observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in CLASS either as a generalized dark-matter fluid with the alpha-dependent constant sound speed and appropriate adiabatic/stress closure, or by extending the scalar-field sector to the X^alpha kinetic term, validating that c_s^2 -> 0 recovers CDM at large alpha.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1708_09406_general_interacting_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "General interacting dark sector with dark matter and dark radiation", "family": "interacting_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1708.09406", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CLASS implementation of the IDS perturbation equations (two-component CDM with interacting fraction f, fluid dark radiation Delta_N_fluid, momentum-transfer rate Gamma_0) is author code of unknown availability, with no repository identified; without it neither the matter power nor the CMB observable can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain and publicly release the authors' CLASS IDS patch, or reimplement the paper's IDM-DR drag and fluid-DR equations in mainline CLASS building on the public ETHOS-type dark-radiation modules, validated against the paper's LCDM limit (Gamma_0 -> 0, f -> 0) and reported spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_00814_top_philic_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Top-philic Majorana dark matter with colored t-channel mediator", "family": "top_philic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00814", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements conversion-driven freeze-out for this top-philic model: the coupled chi/tilde-t number-density equations with out-of-equilibrium chemical conversion terms are solved only in private code behind the primary paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or implement a standalone coupled-Boltzmann module) with separate chi and mediator number densities and conversion rates chi <-> tilde t, validated against the published conversion-driven relic strip.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_09785_nonminimal_scalar_inflationary_fluctuation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled scalar dark matter from inflationary fluctuations", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.09785", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver evolves the non-minimally coupled scalar's mode functions (m, xi, H_I) through inflation and the inflation-to-radiation transition to produce the field and energy-density power spectra; the paper's calculation is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Write and release a mode-function integrator (an ODE code over k-grids with Bunch-Davies initial conditions and matching at the end of inflation, including a finite-duration reheating option), validated against the primary paper's viability plots; this could be packaged as an external module feeding CLASS/CAMB initial spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2206_02233_thermal_mass_lmu_ltau_freeze_in_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermally corrected U(1)_Lmu-Ltau freeze-in scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.02233", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in Boltzmann solver accepts temperature-dependent parent masses M_Zprime(T), M_h1(T), M_h2(T), so the thermally opened forbidden-freeze-in yield Y_phi central to this model cannot be computed with existing tools; the authors' HPC implementation is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines (or write a standalone integrator) to take thermal-mass functions M_i(T) in the decay kinematics and channel-opening thresholds x_cr, validated against the paper's standard and forbidden freeze-in benchmark yield curves at g_mu_tau = 5e-4, v_mu_tau = 80 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_08453_bouncing_three_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bouncing three-scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08453", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the three-scalar dark sector with chemical potentials that produces the bounce (falling-then-rising equilibrium abundance before freezeout); the mass hierarchy m_chi > m_phi2 > m_phi1 with 2m_phi2 > m_chi + m_phi1 and the 2-to-2 interconversion network must currently be coded by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' multi-component freezeout module (or write a dedicated coupled number-density solver) to track chi, phi_1, phi_2 with species-dependent chemical potentials and the phi_2^2 chi phi_1 interconversion, validating against the primary-paper benchmark relic curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_00323_dirac_vector_mediator_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Dirac dark matter with a vector mediator and modified freeze-out", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.00323", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver integrates the BSF-corrected freeze-out equations under a nonstandard pre-BBN expansion history with an extra component scaling as (a_ref/a)^n relative to radiation, as this model's relic contours require.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs alternative-cosmology module (or a standalone integrator) to accept H(T;n,T_ref) with n=2,4 power-law extra energy density together with the effective BSF rate table, and validate against the source modified-history relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06741_gravity_portal_stable_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravity-portal stable right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.06741", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver couples the reheating equations (inflaton potential power n, rho_end, T_rh) to Boltzmann evolution of both the gravitationally produced stable lightest RHN abundance and the heavy-RHN leptogenesis network, so the joint relic-density plus baryon-asymmetry target (M_N ~ 8e12 GeV benchmark) cannot be reproduced numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann code such as ULYSSES with source terms for graviton-mediated production from the SM bath and inflaton scattering during reheating, parameterized by (n, rho_end, T_rh, xi), and validate against the paper's M_N ~ 8e12 GeV and Omega_DM h^2 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_17851_su2d_neutron_decay_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(2)_D neutron-decay freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17851", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the SU(2)_D model exists for the freeze-in relic calculation: the portal production rates (trace-operator coupling with coefficient c_1, neutron-sector couplings) for dark W^a and chi are not encoded in any Boltzmann solver, so the stated most-severe constraint (correct relic density) cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the SU(2)_D Lagrangian (dark W^a, chi, phi, effective trace operators) and compute the freeze-in yield with the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module, validated against the paper's stated relic-density hierarchy over BBN/direct/indirect bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_scalar_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements moduli-portal freeze-in of a scalar FIMP through non-instantaneous reheating; the coupled inflaton-radiation-FIMP system with (T_R, T_max) and s-channel real/axial modulus pole effects exists only as the authors' custom code, and omitting the pre-radiation era can misestimate the yield by orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the real- and axial-modulus scalar rate densities in a public freeze-in solver extended with an inflaton-dominated reheating phase parameterized by (T_R, T_max) — e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or release a standalone Boltzmann-fluid code — and validate by recovering the radiation-era-only yield and the published relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_13475_su2d_vector_dm_catalyzed_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D vector dark matter with catalyzed freeze-out", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13475", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements catalyzed freeze-out for this SU(2)_D model: coupled equations for Y_X and Y_C including X X -> Zprime Zprime, the 3 Zprime -> X X catalyst process, and catalyst decay, plus a momentum-level treatment to test the late kinetic-equilibrium assumption that the paper itself flags as problematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a standalone coupled number-density solver with the thermally averaged 2->2 and 3->2 collision terms and catalyst decay width from the SU(2)_D Lagrangian, validated against the paper's analytic/numerical benchmark agreement; extend it (in the spirit of DRAKE's full phase-space fBE approach) to relax the kinetic-equilibrium assumption and quantify when the base-model relic contours are self-consistent.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_11386_mirror_atomic_dark_matter_hubble_tension_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-sector atomic dark matter with Affleck-Dine reheating", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.11386", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS v3.1.1 interacting-DM module implementing dark atoms, dark photons, and mirror neutrinos with dark recombination near z~1100 is private, so the model's CMB/BAO/H0 predictions cannot be independently reproduced, varied over (f_adm, T'/T, v'/v), or used in fits.", "proposed_resolution": "Release the described CLASS patch, or reimplement the mirror sector in a public atomic-dark-matter Boltzmann framework with a rescaled hidden recombination history (sigma_T' = (v/v')^2 sigma_T, hidden Saha/Peebles equations) parameterized by (f_adm, T'/T, v'/v).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_18557_mediator_decay_freeze_in_emd_v1", "model_name": "Mediator-decay freeze-in dark matter during early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.18557", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code couples the two-phase early-matter-domination background (T_O, T_R, entropy injection) to on-shell mediator population and mediator-decay freeze-in production; the paper's calculation exists only as a bespoke solver and the card's required 'custom Boltzmann solver for EMD' is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in and modified-cosmology modules (or release a standalone ODE solver) to evolve the coupled phi/radiation/mediator/DM system with inputs (m_chi, m_X, h, T_O, T_R, mediator gauge charge), validated against the paper's T_O vs m_X contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0804_3518_dipolar_dark_matter_gravitational_polarization_v1", "model_name": "Dipolar dark matter from gravitational polarization", "family": "dipolar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0804.3518", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological perturbation/Boltzmann solver implements the dipolar-medium stress terms, so even once derived, the second-order or beyond-CDM signatures cannot be propagated to CMB spectra or non-Gaussianity estimators for data comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Boltzmann code (CLASS or CAMB) with the dipolar polarization field Pi and its stress-energy contributions, validated by reproducing the Lambda-CDM limit at first order, and couple the second-order terms to a bispectrum pipeline for comparison with Planck non-Gaussianity constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_4858_millicharged_atomic_dm_elastic_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged atomic dark matter with elastic nuclear scattering", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4858", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No code computes the dark-sector recombination history (residual ionization fraction) and the resulting photon-baryon drag from millicharged constituents and atomic Compton scattering for this unbroken-U(1)_d atomic model, so the CMB observable rests on order-of-magnitude extrapolations of generic millicharged-DM limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Boltzmann code (CLASS with an interacting-DM/ETHOS-style drag term) with a dark-recombination module solving the dark Saha/Peebles equations in (alpha_prime, m_e, m_p, xi_dark) to get the ionization fraction, then add the millicharge and atomic-Compton momentum-exchange rates to the DM-photon-baryon coupling and confront Planck data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_01246_scalar_mediator_closed_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Closed-sector scalar-mediator SIDM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01246", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver evolves a fully closed dark sector with Dirac DM, a light scalar mediator, and massless dark radiation through freeze-out, kinetic decoupling, and possible late Sommerfeld-enhanced reannihilation at phase-space-density level; the paper's numerical solution is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DRAKE (or micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector mode) to a closed sector parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, g_chi, g_l, r_BBN): add the dark-radiation bath temperature evolution, velocity-dependent Sommerfeld annihilation, and kinetic-decoupling tracking, validating moment-method output against full phase-space solutions as done in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_01246_scalar_mediator_closed_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Closed-sector scalar-mediator SIDM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01246", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released CLASS/CAMB module implements this model's scalar-mediated chi-dark-radiation coupling with a time-dependent energy/entropy injection from reannihilation, so the matter transfer function, dark-acoustic damping, and CMB expansion-history response cannot be computed with public code; simple constant-N_eff limits are explicitly insufficient.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the ETHOS parameterization in a modified CLASS with the scalar-mediator drag coefficients and a time-dependent dark-sector energy budget sourced by the gap_1 Boltzmann solver, outputting matter power spectra and CMB spectra suitable for MontePython/Cobaya runs against Planck and BAO likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_05821_majorana_scalar_qcd_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Majorana dark matter co-annihilating with a strongly interacting scalar", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.05821", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the plasma-modified Sommerfeld and bound-state spectral functions for a colored scalar coannihilation partner (thermal QCD potential, bound-state formation and dissociation, soft 2-to-2 scatterings) and folds them into the effective thermally averaged cross section; the calculation currently exists only as the paper's private numerical implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the NR EFT thermal-potential Schrodinger/spectral-function solver as a standalone module (parameterized by M, Delta M, color representation, alpha_s, and T > 1 GeV) and couple its effective sigma_eff(T) output to an existing coannihilation Boltzmann solver such as micrOMEGAs or DRAKE, validating against the paper's 5-6 TeV mass reach and mass-splitting window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_02947_dark_u1x_vector_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_X vector Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.02947", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model package ties the pipeline together: the U(1)_X model files for CosmoTransitions (thermal potential) and micrOMEGAs (CalcHEP model) used in the primary scan were not released, so the route cannot be re-run or extended without reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Model-B Lagrangian as a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for micrOMEGAs and a CosmoTransitions generic-potential class, validating against the paper's benchmark classification table and XENON1T-excluded regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_06011_dark_glueball_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Dark glueballs with associated ultralight axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06011", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public dark-glueball relic calculator exists: the 3-to-2 number-changing freeze-out with cannibalistic self-heating, lattice-informed glueball spectra, and a hidden-to-visible temperature ratio T'/T is currently done by approximate semi-analytic estimates only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Boltzmann code for 3-to-2 glueball freeze-out in a decoupled hidden sector, parameterized by (Lambda_dark, T'/T, gauge group), using lattice SU(N) glueball masses and dimensional 3-to-2 rates, and validate against the semi-analytic results in the glueball literature the card cites.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1811_00028_ballistic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ballistic Dark Matter", "family": "ballistic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1811.00028", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CAMB/CLASS implementation of the BDM species (time-dependent w_B(z) from 1/3 to 0 with inherited acoustic velocity perturbations) is unreleased: no repository, patch, or module is public, so transfer functions and spectra cannot be reproduced without rewriting the fluid equations in a Boltzmann code.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the BDM fluid in public CLASS as a new species with parameterized w(z), sound speed, and vanishing anisotropic stress (following the paper's synchronous-gauge equations with a trace CDM component), and release it as a documented fork validated against the paper's example spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_00849_stfm_triplet_wimp_nonthermal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "STFM triplet WIMP with singlet-assisted nonthermal freeze-in", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.00849", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public STFM model implementation exists for the relic-density pipeline: TeV-scale triplet freeze-out (including Sommerfeld-enhanced electroweak annihilation near the 2.45 TeV pure-freeze-out threshold) coupled to feeble singlet-NLOP production and its late decay into triplet DM must currently be solved with custom, unreleased Boltzmann code.", "proposed_resolution": "Build CalcHEP/FeynRules STFM model files for micrOMEGAs freeze-out, add Sommerfeld correction factors for the electroweak triplet, and couple a late-decay Boltzmann stage for the feeble singlet, validating against the primary 2.45 TeV pure-freeze-out threshold and scan trends.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_01670_reheaton_decay_kination_emd_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheaton-decay nonthermal Dirac fermion dark matter with kination and early matter domination", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.01670", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in/thermalization exclusion boundary rests on a modified approximate freeze-in estimate; no full Boltzmann computation of thermal DM production during the kination and reheaton-dominated epochs exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a freeze-in Boltzmann code (micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines or a dedicated solver) to the nonstandard kination/EMD thermal history to compute the thermal contamination of the reheaton-decay abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_09422_gluophilic_zprime_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Gluophilic Z-prime portal FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.09422", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements freeze-in during reheating for this model: the relic abundance depends on T_MAX and T_RH through gluon annihilation via the dimension-6 Z-prime-gluon operator, and the paper's coupled fluid-equation code is not released, so the freeze-in target curves cannot be reproduced or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or release/reimplement the paper's fluid solver) to include the inflaton-dominated reheating phase with T_MAX > T_RH and the gg -> chi chi collision term from the dim-6 operator, validated against the paper's approximate analytic relic expression and benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_09249_dark_dimension_dark_graviton_v1", "model_name": "Dark-dimension dark graviton dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.09249", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver evolves the time-dependent mass distribution of a dense KK graviton tower under intra-tower cascade decays; the paper's tower equations are not released, so the present-day 1-100 keV dark-graviton distribution cannot be recomputed for other parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled tower Boltzmann equations as a standalone numerical code taking (T_i, m_KK, dark decay parameter, visible branching fraction) and returning the evolving graviton mass/abundance distribution, validated against the paper's benchmark of m_DM ~ 1-100 keV for T_i ~ 4 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_11408_hidden_self_interacting_dirac_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Hidden self-interacting Dirac dark matter with scalar-mediated first-order phase transition", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.11408", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/relic solver computes hidden-sector freeze-out with equilibrium densities and thermally averaged cross sections evaluated at the dark temperature and with hidden radiation degrees of freedom in the Hubble rate, as this model requires for Omega_chi h^2.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or implement a standalone modified Boltzmann solver) with a two-temperature freeze-out mode parameterized by xi(T) and hidden-sector g_star, validated against the paper's quoted 0.01-10 GeV viable mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_00323_dirac_scalar_mediator_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Dirac dark matter with a scalar mediator and modified freeze-out", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.00323", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver couples the bound-state formation/dissociation network to a nonstandard pre-BBN expansion history H(T;n,T_ref) with an extra energy component redshifting faster than radiation, as required to reproduce the source relic contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs alternative-cosmology interface (or write a lightweight standalone solver) to integrate the coupled free-particle/bound-state Boltzmann equations with a user-specified power-law extra energy density rho_extra(T;n,T_ref), validating against the source scalar relic contours and the Planck target Omega_DM h^2 = 0.1200 +/- 0.0012.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0211303_cdm_condensate_transition_v1", "model_name": "Cold dark matter condensate transition model", "family": "condensate_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0211303", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the CDM-to-Q condensation transition: the energy-conserving conversion at z_t, the Q perturbation matching on the constant-energy hypersurface, and the post-transition large-Compton-wavelength scalar behavior were only ever coded in the authors' unreleased modification.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement in CLASS a fluid component whose energy density transfers instantaneously from CDM to a w_f fluid at z_t, with an explicit sound-speed/perturbation-matching prescription reproducing the paper's treatment, and validate against the CDM limit at large z_t and the reported z_t < 1.5 CMB disfavoring.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph9702125_three_level_neutrino_laser_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-level neutrino-laser majoron dark matter", "family": "mixed_cold_hot_bosonic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9702125", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function interface exists for feeding the mixed output (a cold condensate-like boson population plus nonthermal hot boson and distorted neutrino distributions) into CLASS/CAMB to obtain P(k) and C_l for this MDM scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a CLASS extension that treats the low-momentum boson component as a CDM-like fluid and the hot boson and distorted neutrino populations as ncdm species with tabulated phase-space distributions imported from the kinetic solver of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1505_00034_logotropic_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Logotropic dark fluid", "family": "unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1505.00034", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modified Boltzmann solver implements the logotropic unified dark fluid: the CLASS/CAMB modification named in the route is a planned recast target, so the matter transfer function, CMB spectra, and the k-range of the sound-speed suppression cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the logotropic background (rest-mass plus internal-energy split) and the derived perturbation closure as a fluid module in CLASS, validating that the Jeans length reproduces the quoted lambda_J=40.4 pc at the start of the matter era and that the A->0 limit recovers LambdaCDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1705_08450_hidden_sector_coscattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector coscattering dark matter", "family": "freeze_out_coscattering_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1705.08450", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public momentum-dependent Boltzmann solver handles conversion-driven (coscattering) freeze-out of a two-state dark sector, where inelastic n1 phi to n2 phi scattering decouples momentum mode by momentum mode before active-state annihilation; standard integrated coannihilation codes (micrOMEGAs-style) are explicitly insufficient in this regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public phase-space-level relic code such as DRAKE with two-species conversion collision terms (upscattering, downscattering, decays) parameterized by (m_chi, Delta, mixing epsilon, bath couplings), validated against the paper's pure-coscattering and coannihilation limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_07832_superheavy_vectorlike_doublet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy vector-like doublet WIMP from incomplete thermalization", "family": "superheavy_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.07832", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the relic abundance from incomplete thermalization of a superheavy electroweak doublet, i.e. pair creation from the Boltzmann-suppressed tail of the SM bath at T_R < m_DM (including coannihilation in the restored electroweak phase) with an optional inflaton branching-ratio source term.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone momentum-integrated Boltzmann code) to include exp(-2 m_DM/T_R)-suppressed pair creation from the reheated SM plasma, electroweak coannihilation channels, and a Br(phi -> DM DM) injection term, validating against the paper's T_R ~ m_DM/29 abundance line.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_11248_superweak_sterile_neutrino_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak U(1) sterile neutrino dark matter (freeze-out variant)", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.11248", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the super-weak U(1)_z model exists for relic-abundance calculation; the resonant freeze-out band in the g_z-M_Zprime plane, which is sensitive to the near-pole thermal averaging, currently rests on an unreleased custom Boltzmann solver and cannot be independently reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_z gauge couplings and N1 sector as FeynRules/CalcHEP model files and run micrOMEGAs (which treats resonances via full thermal averaging without velocity expansion), validating against the paper's result that nonresonant g_z ~ 1e-2 at M_1 = 10 MeV is excluded while resonant g_z ~ 1e-6-1e-4 is viable.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_14345_nonthermal_decay_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal decay-produced dark matter for the Hubble tension", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.14345", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for this scenario's transient hot subcomponent: a massive daughter born relativistic at tau ~ 10^2-10^4 s that cools to cold DM by matter-radiation equality, with its nonthermal decay-produced momentum distribution; the public CLASS dcdm module treats massless daughters and cannot produce the H0 response or P(k) suppression for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS's decaying-CDM sector (or an existing two-body-decay branch with massive warm daughters) to evolve the exact decay-produced phase-space distribution f(q,t) as an ncdm-like species, parameterized by (tau, f, m_chi_prime/m_chi), including the phantom-like background option used by the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_10356_spin_zero_no_freeze_in_no_freeze_out_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Spin-zero no-freeze-in/no-freeze-out warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.10356", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No configured Boltzmann calculation exists for the exact linear transfer function of an early-decoupled spin-zero boson with T_S/T_gamma = (43/(11 g_dec))^(1/3); the route currently relies on an approximate thermal-relic half-mode rescaling the paper itself flags as imprecise.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure the CLASS (or CAMB) non-cold dark matter sector with the model's Bose-Einstein f(p) at temperature T_S = 0.345 T_gamma and M_S ~ 150 eV, compute the transfer function and half-mode scale directly, and validate against the paper's quoted (T_S/T_gamma)^1.11 rescaling factor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0405109_approximate_pq_singlino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Approximate-PQ electroweak supersymmetry with singlino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_singlino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0405109", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/thermal-history solver exists for the approximate-PQ singlet sector: e+e- <-> ss decoupling, G production and decay, entropy injection, and the resulting n_s/n_gamma and N_BBN/N_CMB are currently only order-of-magnitude estimates from the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the singlet-sector rates in a hidden-sector thermal-history code (extend a nuMSM/keV-relic style momentum-dependent Boltzmann solver, or the temperature-evolution machinery of micrOMEGAs) with inputs (m_s, m_G, F_G, entropy source) and outputs (Omega_s, f(p), N_eff), validated against the paper's required dilution factor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0807_4313_late_scalar_decay_wino_higgsino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Late scalar-decay Wino/Higgsino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4313", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann solver for the coupled system of late Phi decay, baryon-asymmetry generation, LSP injection, and post-decay Wino/Higgsino reannihilation; the paper's abundance and Omega_chi/Omega_b ~ 5 target rest on analytic estimates with no reusable code (con_nonthermal_relic_ratio has likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' or DarkSUSY's nonthermal/late-decay relic machinery (or write a standalone solver) to evolve the coupled Phi, radiation, baryon, and neutralino Boltzmann equations with inputs (m_phi, T_d, branching to superpartners, m_chi, <sigma v>), validated against the paper's T_d ~ 120 MeV, m_phi ~ 1500 TeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0912_2478_inert_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inert-Sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0912.2478", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No code computes the nonthermal N1 phase-space distribution from eta_L freeze-out followed by late two-body decay (eta_L -> N1 + lepton), which sets whether the candidate is cold or warm and is the required input for the transfer-function step.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a micrOMEGAs inert-doublet freeze-out calculation with a momentum-level Boltzmann solver for decay-produced daughters (parameterized by M1, m_eta_L, T_decay), outputting a tabulated f(q) in CLASS ncdm format.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_2075_dark_atom_sidm_dao_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "Dark-atom self-interacting dark matter with dark acoustic oscillations", "family": "atomic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.2075", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann implementation of the full atomic-dark-matter drag rate: the DM-DR coupling here is set by dark recombination (Rayleigh scattering off neutral dark atoms plus Compton scattering off residual ions), which the generic ETHOS power-law parameterization in modified CLASS does not capture, so the oscillatory transfer function cannot be computed precisely for arbitrary (m_P, m_E, alpha_D, xi).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public ETHOS-type CLASS branch with the atomic-DM recombination history and the resulting time-dependent drag rate (Rayleigh plus Compton terms) as model-level inputs, validated against the primary paper's benchmark spectra at k ~ 1-10 h/Mpc.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1410_0683_many_body_decaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Many-body decaying dark matter with relativistic daughters", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.0683", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the many-body decay kinematics (many massless daughters plus a stationary massive daughter with radiation fraction epsilon up to 1); existing public decaying-DM CLASS/CAMB branches implement either pure DM-to-dark-radiation decay or two-body kinematics, so the many-body perturbation equations are only approximately mapped.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public two-body decaying-DM CLASS branch (Franco Abellan et al. lineage) with the many-body source terms: a zero-velocity massive-daughter fluid plus dark-radiation injection, with the epsilon range widened to (0,1) and the corresponding perturbation equations derived and implemented.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1504_04371_dark_pair_plasma_vectorlike_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermally produced dark pair plasma of vectorlike fermions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.04371", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculator exists for the growth rates and saturation of dark-plasma kinetic instabilities (Weibel/filamentation-type) under cluster-merger conditions, which is needed to establish when collective effects dominate over two-body scattering (con_collective_instability_recast).", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing particle-in-cell plasma codes (e.g. Smilei or OSIRIS-class solvers rescaled to dark QED parameters) to compute instability growth and saturation times as a function of m_D, alpha_D, and merger velocity, and package the result as an analytic fitting function usable in the registry route.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1612_02793_nonthermal_fermionic_b_l_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal fermionic dark matter in an anomaly-free B-L extension", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.02793", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled non-equilibrium momentum-space Boltzmann equations of this model, in which an out-of-equilibrium Z_BL parent distribution f_ZBL(p,r) must be solved first and then feeds the daughter distribution f_psi1(p,r); the paper's numerical implementation was not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or obtain and release) a momentum-discretized coupled Boltzmann solver for parent-daughter freeze-in decays, parameterized by (M_psi1, M_ZBL, g_BL, scalar masses and mixings, g_star(T)), validated against the paper's benchmark lambda_fs < 0.01 Mpc results and against the number-density-only approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_08121_high_scale_susy_wino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "High-scale SUSY D-term inflation with wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.08121", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the combined thermal-plus-nonthermal wino relic abundance for this scenario: Sommerfeld-corrected wino annihilation exists only in private literature codes, and the nonthermal source term from decays of a 1e12-1e13 GeV gravitino (with the T_f versus T_3/2 branching logic) has no reusable implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Tabulate Sommerfeld-corrected wino <sigma v>(x) from the published Hisano-et-al.-style calculations (or extract DarkSUSY's electroweak Sommerfeld routines) and add a gravitino-decay source term Y_3/2 Gamma_3/2 to a Boltzmann integrator such as DRAKE or a micrOMEGAs extension, validating against the 2.7 TeV thermal benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_03631_type_i_seesaw_majoron_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-I seesaw Majoron warm dark matter completion", "family": "majoron_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.03631", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation treats a warm keV Majoron with nonthermal f(p) that decays to neutrinos; existing CLASS decaying-DM branches assume cold DM decaying to dark radiation and do not combine warmness with the J -> nu nu channel needed for the CMB and matter-power predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS decaying-dark-matter branch to an ncdm species with tabulated f(p) and a decay term feeding the neutrino sector, validated by reproducing the cited decaying-Majoron CMB results (arXiv:0705.2406) in the cold limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_04227_asymptotically_safe_quintuplet_minimal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymptotically safe quintuplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.04227", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code computes Sommerfeld-enhanced (and bound-state-corrected) freeze-out for SU(2)_L quintuplets with N_F non-coannihilating degenerate flavors; the route relies on a micrOMEGAs/Sommerfeld-style calculation that exists only as private literature implementations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a DRAKE-style Boltzmann solver) with the known electroweak Sommerfeld/bound-state annihilation matrices for the n=5 multiplet and an N_F-flavor scaling wrapper, validated against the paper's 1.2-2.1 TeV benchmark masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_04227_asymptotically_safe_triplet_minimal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymptotically safe triplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.04227", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density tool computes freeze-out for N_F degenerate SU(2)_L triplet flavors including electroweak Sommerfeld enhancement (and bound-state formation), which sets the 620 GeV to 1.7 TeV thermal mass window; the card marks the calculation as a micrOMEGAs/Sommerfeld-style computation not backed by released code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or implement a standalone NREFT Boltzmann solver in the style of published wino Sommerfeld calculations) with the SU(2)_L triplet potential matrix, thermally averaged Sommerfeld factors, and the N_F * M_DM^2 flavor scaling, validating against the paper's quoted 3<=N_F<=20 mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_12606_sterile_neutrino_higgs_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino Higgs-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.12606", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann/freeze-in code implements this model's production network (h -> ss, hh -> ss, hh -> s, s -> NN) with thermal masses, Bose-Einstein statistics, and electroweak/singlet phase-transition effects, which the paper finds shift yields by order unity to orders of magnitude near transitions; existing freeze-in tools (micrOMEGAs) omit these finite-temperature effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or implement a standalone Boltzmann solver) with temperature-dependent thermal masses for the Higgs and singlet, quantum-statistical collision integrals, and the two-step phase-transition background of the primary paper, validated against the paper's benchmark abundance curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_13677_nonlinear_charged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonlinear charged dark matter with K-mouflage screening", "family": "charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.13677", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No relativistic cosmological perturbation solver implements a dark U(1) force with K-mouflage screening from nonlinear electrodynamics; CLASS/CAMB and their modified-gravity extensions (e.g. hi_class-style codes) do not cover a screened long-range vector force acting only on dark matter, so CMB/BAO/Hubble-diagram consistency cannot be tested beyond the spherical-shell approximation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS-based modified-gravity branch with the L(Y,Z) dark-electrodynamics sector (background dark-electric field plus scale-dependent effective G_eff for dark matter), then attach standard Planck CMB, BAO, and SH0ES/Hubble-diagram likelihoods via MontePython or Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_06471_neutrino_philic_twin_2hdm_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-philic twin two-Higgs-doublet cogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06471", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver evolves coupled visible and twin lepton asymmetries from shared CP-violating heavy Majorana neutrino decays with independent washout in each sector, as required by the twin cogenesis abundance prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis code such as ULYSSES with a second (twin) lepton-asymmetry sector sharing the heavy-neutrino source terms, parameterized by Majorana masses, Yukawa couplings, CP phases, and per-sector washout rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11938_inelastic_scalar_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon-mediated inelastic scalar dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11938", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes the coupled thermal history of the two scalar states (p-wave A'-mediated annihilation plus late phi1 phi1 -> phi2 phi2 conversion freeze-out) to predict the present excited fraction Omega_phi2/Omega_DM, including the regions needing entropy dilution or an extra annihilation mode.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' two-component/coexcitation machinery (or write a dedicated coupled Boltzmann code) to track both mass eigenstates through freeze-out and conversion freeze-out with the U(1)_D model file, outputting relic density and excited fraction over (m1, delta, m_A', g_D, epsilon).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_13063_higgs_r2_singlet_scalar_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-R^2 singlet scalar freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.13063", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes UV freeze-in of a near-conformally coupled singlet scalar through the Higgs-R^2 reheating phase, including graviton-exchange scattering, nonminimal-coupling production, and inflaton-condensate scattering alongside the thermal-bath history (T_max, T_reh); the calculation currently exists only as the paper's private semi-analytics.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a reusable reheating+freeze-in module (e.g. extending micrOMEGAs' freeze-in machinery or a standalone code like DRAKE-style ODE integration) that solves the coupled inflaton-radiation equations of unitary Higgs-R^2 inflation and integrates the gravitational, nonminimal-coupling, and condensate-scattering production rates over the temperature history, parameterized by (m_s, xi_s, lambda_hs, xi, alpha).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_03126_thermalized_boosted_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermalized boosted milli-charged dark matter subcomponent", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.03126", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public electron-recoil rate code accepts the model's nonstandard thermalized boosted velocity distribution for a light millicharged species with a massless-dark-photon (1/q^4-enhanced) form factor, so the flagship boosted-MCP direct-detection spectrum cannot be computed end to end.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DarkELF or QEDark to take a user-supplied f(v) table, feed it the analytic equipartition distribution from step s1, and use the light-mediator F_DM = (alpha m_e / q)^2 form factor to produce XENON- and SENSEI-class electron-recoil spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_07204_su6_so6_composite_pngb_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(6)/SO(6) composite pNGB singlet dark matter with dark top partners", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07204", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP or micrOMEGAs model files) exists for the SU(6)/SO(6) composite pNGB singlet with Z2-odd dark top partners, so the relic-density scan cannot be reproduced or extended with a standard Boltzmann solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the pNGB effective Lagrangian (S, H_2, dark top partners T, C_hS and y_L/y_R couplings, quartic SSVV terms) as a FeynRules model, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's C_hS = 0 benchmark mass window of about 190-230 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_05431_hidden_supersymmetric_n1_sym_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hidden supersymmetric N=1 Yang-Mills dark sector", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.05431", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann implementation exists for the full production history: freeze-in through the singlet connector followed by hidden-sector self-thermalization (cannibalistic number-changing processes) and confinement, so the relic abundance and the DM momentum distribution relevant for the structure-formation lower bound rest on an analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the UV freeze-in collision term for the N N Tr(WW)/M_N^2 operator in a coupled visible/hidden temperature Boltzmann code (extending a micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or a dedicated two-temperature solver with 3-to-2 cannibalism and the confinement entropy transfer), outputting Omega h^2 and the free-streaming length over the (T_rh, M_N, N_c, m_DM) band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0104173_bino_neutralino_cdm_damping_cutoff_v1", "model_name": "Bino-like neutralino CDM with damping cutoff", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0104173", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation computes the full neutralino transfer-function cutoff (acoustic damping during kinetic decoupling plus free streaming) for chosen MSSM benchmarks; the card's M_min is an order-of-magnitude semi-analytic estimate with values ranging 1e-7 to 1e-6 Msun across sources.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the bino-lepton relaxation rate into an ETHOS-style dark-matter/radiation coupling in a modified CLASS, using DarkSUSY or micrOMEGAs to supply the MSSM scattering amplitudes, and compute the linear transfer function and M_min per benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0303564_baryonic_chaplygin_quartessence_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-including generalized Chaplygin gas quartessence", "family": "unified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0303564", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No full Boltzmann implementation of the baryon-plus-generalized-Chaplygin quartessence exists: the paper's ODE integration starts at z=100 with assumed initial conditions and computes only the linear matter side, so the CMB observable (obs_chaplygin_cmb_background) is judged only from related dark-energy-framing literature, not computed for this baryon-including model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the generalized Chaplygin gas as a fluid with c_s^2 = -alpha*w in CLASS alongside standard baryons, with proper radiation-era initial conditions, to produce self-consistent C_l and P(k) for the quartessence case.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0407196_interacting_quintessence_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Interacting quintessence cold dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_energy_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0407196", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the exact two-scalar iQCDM Lagrangian (quintessence exponentially coupled to a scalar iCDM component plus uncoupled nCDM): the perturbation equations, effective sound speed, and momentum-transfer terms for the scalar iCDM field have not been derived and coded, so CMB spectra, matter power spectra, and growth rates cannot be computed beyond the background level.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear perturbation equations for the coupled quintessence/scalar-iCDM/nCDM system from the explicit Lagrangian and implement them in an interacting-dark-energy branch of CLASS or CAMB, validating the background against the paper's tracking solution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0407646_scalar_tensor_dm_baryon_relaxation_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-tensor dynamical relaxation of the dark-matter-to-baryon ratio", "family": "coupled_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0407646", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves the scalar-tensor background and linear perturbations with separate baryon and dark-matter conformal factors A_b(phi), A_d(phi); the fixed-point relaxation of rho_b/rho_d and its imprint on H(z) and the matter power spectrum currently exist only as the paper's private numerical examples.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a coupled-dark-energy branch of CLASS (or hi_class) with species-dependent conformal couplings parameterized by (beta_b, beta_d, V(phi)), solve background plus linear perturbations, and validate by reproducing the paper's three working examples and the rho_b/rho_d ~ 0.20 fixed point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9903542_superheavy_inflation_relic_x_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced superheavy X-particle dark matter", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9903542", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes the gravitational and preheating production spectrum n_X(k) of superheavy X particles as a function of inflation model, m_X, curvature coupling xi, inflaton coupling q, and T_R; only paper-level numerical examples exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Release a Bogoliubov mode-function solver on parameterized inflationary backgrounds (inputs: inflaton potential, m_X, xi, q, T_R; outputs: k^3 n_X(k), Omega_X h^2 including entropy dilution), validated against the published few-10^13 GeV abundance window; couple lattice preheating runs (e.g. CosmoLattice-class) for the resonant q regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_02981_hidden_gauged_su3_multispecies_v1", "model_name": "Multispecies hidden gauged SU(3) dark matter benchmark model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.02981", "score": 20.6, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver handles the 4-7 stable hidden SU(3) scalar/vector species with the full network of 2-to-2 annihilation, species-conversion, and 1-to-2 processes; the paper's adapted solver is private and was only run on three benchmark points, so component relic fractions Omega_i/Omega_DM cannot be computed across the parameter space, and every downstream observable depends on these fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs multi-component framework (currently limited to two dark sectors) to an N-species coupled system with 1-to-2 conversion terms, or obtain and release the paper's adapted solver; implement the hidden SU(3) model file (FeynRules/CalcHEP) so all 2-to-2 and 1-to-2 rates are generated automatically rather than per-benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_1175_bolon_coupled_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Bolon coupled dark matter from dilatation anomaly", "family": "coupled_scalar_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1012.1175", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann code implements the coupled two-scalar cosmon-bolon cosmology: the route names only a 'CLASS/CAMB-style interacting scalar perturbation implementation' that does not exist, so CMB spectra, the matter power spectrum, and the bolon small-scale cutoff cannot be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS (building on its quintessence and AxiCLASS oscillating-scalar infrastructure) with the exponential cosmon-bolon potential, the averaged bolon fluid from gap_1, and early-dark-energy background evolution; validate against the paper's equality estimate and the uncoupled ultralight-scalar limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0502211_neutralino_from_heavy_gravitino_decay_v1", "model_name": "Neutralino dark matter from heavy gravitino decay", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0502211", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the full nonstandard thermal history of this scenario: modulus domination and entropy release, gravitino pair production in modulus decay, gravitino decay to neutralinos, and neutralino re-annihilation at the low post-decay temperature; standard relic solvers assume radiation-dominated thermal freeze-out.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' non-standard-cosmology module (or a DRAKE-style Boltzmann code) with a modulus-gravitino-neutralino decay chain parameterized by (m_phi, m_3/2, C, T_phi), including entropy injection and neutralino re-annihilation, validated against the paper's analytic yield scalings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0909_5108_gravitino_gmsb_scalar_decay_low_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter from GMSB scalar decay at low reheating temperature", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0909.5108", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The free-streaming viability of decay-produced gravitinos rests on an appendix analytic estimate; no code computes the actual decay-produced gravitino phase-space distribution f(q) from S decay and its linear transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the two-body decay-produced f(q) for gravitinos from the oscillating S condensate and feed it to CLASS as a tabulated non-cold-relic distribution to replace the analytic free-streaming estimate with a computed transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_moduli_nonthermal_wino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB nonthermal wino dark matter from scalar-field decay", "family": "nonthermal_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implementation for wino reannihilation after late scalar/modulus decay: injecting a neutralino yield at reheat temperature T_R below freeze-out and evolving annihilation to the final abundance across AMSB scan points.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a relic-density code such as micrOMEGAs or IsaReD with a nonthermal injection mode that starts the Boltzmann evolution at T_R with yield b/m_phi times the scalar density and the wino <sigma v> from the AMSB spectrum, including Sommerfeld-free tree-level annihilation as in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1107_3829_a4_split_seesaw_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "A4 split-seesaw keV sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.3829", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Leptogenesis viability is asserted only from the scale comparison M_R2,M_R3 ~ 1e11-1e12 GeV versus T_R; no Boltzmann leptogenesis calculation with the model's A4-constrained Yukawa textures exists to confirm the baryon asymmetry, including the flagged degenerate-enhancement option.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the A4 split-seesaw Yukawa and heavy-mass matrices in a public leptogenesis Boltzmann solver such as ULYSSES and scan T_R and the heavy-neutrino degeneracy for the observed eta_B.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_3304_supersymmetric_u1_hylogenesis_antibaryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric U(1)' hylogenesis antibaryon dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.3304", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the three-stage hylogenesis cosmology: low-temperature modulus reheating, CP-asymmetric X decays generating equal and opposite baryon numbers, and hidden U(1)' annihilation/transfer reactions among psi and phi states.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the primary-paper reheating and hidden-sector Boltzmann equations as a dedicated numerical solver (coupled ODEs for modulus, X, visible and hidden asymmetries, and symmetric fractions), validated against the paper's benchmark scans and baryon-number-conservation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3739_big_bang_dark_nucleosynthesis_nuclear_dm_v1", "model_name": "Big-Bang Dark Nucleosynthesis nuclear dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3739", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculator exists for composite dark-nucleus form factors and detector response: mapping the A distribution and radius R_A to coherent recoil spectra in tonne-scale detectors and to optically levitated/optomechanical sensor signals is currently unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive R_A-scaling (saturated-density) form factors for large dark nuclei and implement a recast module producing recoil and momentum-impulse spectra for xenon-class detectors and levitated-sensor proposals, integrated over the BBDN A distribution from gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_3_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-3 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, maintained Boltzmann-code implementation of the ETHOS dark-matter/dark-radiation opacity parameterization (a4 coefficient, xi, DAO/Silk damping) is identified; the paper used a private modified CAMB.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the ETHOS opacity terms (a_n momentum-scaling series, dark-radiation temperature ratio xi) as a public patch to CLASS or CAMB, validated against the published ETHOS-3 transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1711_00553_lmu_ltau_scotogenic_freeze_in_two_component_v1", "model_name": "L_mu - L_tau scotogenic freeze-in two-component dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.00553", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code solves freeze-in production from the decays of a nonthermal, never-equilibrated parent: the Z_mu_tau distribution f_Z(p) must be evolved and fed into the N_2/N_3 yield equations, which micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (thermal-bath parent assumption) does not cover.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone solver on its CalcHEP amplitudes) to evolve the unintegrated parent phase-space distribution f_Z(p,T) via a momentum-binned Boltzmann hierarchy and feed the resulting decay spectrum into the N_2/N_3 yield equations, validated against the paper's benchmark with g_mu_tau ~ 1e-11.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_02338_scalar_dm_preheating_v1", "model_name": "Z2-stabilized scalar dark matter from preheating and reheating", "family": "feebly_interacting_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.02338", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical Boltzmann solver covers 4-to-2 cannibal number-changing reactions in a fully decoupled dark sector with its own temperature evolution (micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY assume 2-to-2 freeze-out with the SM bath), so the depletion in step s3 rests on analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a coupled number-density and dark-temperature Boltzmann system with the generalized <sigma v^3>_4to2 collision term (following the 1510.08063 formalism) as a standalone module or a micrOMEGAs extension, validated against the source benchmark f(T0)=5.3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_09992_thermal_wino_smallest_halos_v1", "model_name": "Thermal wino dark matter with inelastic kinetic decoupling", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.09992", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the full perturbation hierarchy for wino dark matter with inelastic neutral-charged kinetic coupling: the ETHOS-style parameterizations in modified CLASS/CAMB cover elastic DM-radiation scattering, not the two-state inelastic conversion that produces the wino's dark acoustic oscillations with overshooting, so the transfer function relies on approximate analytic estimates with calibration factors carried over from bino studies.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS (building on the ETHOS interacting-dark-matter framework) with a two-component wino sector including the temperature-dependent inelastic chi0-chi+ conversion rate and the coupled Fokker-Planck momentum evolution, and validate against the paper's T_kd = 9.2 MeV, k_fs = 3.5 pc^-1 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_03025_multi_moduli_prompt_annihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-moduli nonthermal dark matter with prompt annihilation to dark radiation", "family": "nonthermal_moduli_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.03025", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No coupled Boltzmann solver exists for the two-modulus nonthermal history (phi2 and phi1 energy densities, hidden-sector chi number density with prompt chi chi -> dark radiation annihilation, and rho_dr) beyond the instantaneous-decay analytic estimates, so the final relic density and Delta N_eff cannot be computed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled ODE system for (rho_phi2, rho_phi1, n_chi, rho_dr, rho_vis) with continuous (non-instantaneous) decay terms and the <sigma v>_ann sink, e.g. by extending an existing early-matter-domination/nonthermal relic code, and validate it against the source's dilution scalings and the m_mod > 50-100 TeV BBN floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_13787_asymmetric_atomic_dm_bound_state_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric atomic dark matter with massive dark photon bound-state formation", "family": "asymmetric_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.13787", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No maintained Boltzmann-code implementation maps this model's dark protons, dark electrons, and massive dark photon to DAO features in the CMB and matter power spectrum, so the cosmological consistency of the residual ionization used for the indirect signal cannot be checked.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ETHOS-style modified CLASS with the atomic-DM tight-coupling and dark-recombination physics (using the x_D history from gap_2), and run Planck plus matter-power likelihoods to bound B_D, T_D/T_CMB, and the DAO scale for this parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2011_04606_late_time_dmdr_conversion_v1", "model_name": "Late-time dark matter to dark radiation conversion (DMDR)", "family": "dark_matter_dark_radiation_conversion", "arxiv": "2011.04606", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The only implementation of the DMDR background and perturbation equations, DMDR-CAMB, is on-request author code with unknown maintenance status, unspecified license, and no public validation suite, so independent registry evaluation of the CMB and matter-power route depends on emailing the authors.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain and archive the DMDR-CAMB patch or, more robustly, reimplement the two-parameter conversion source term Q and the sourced free-streaming dark-radiation hierarchy in current public CLASS or CAMB, validating against the paper's <0.037 combined converted-fraction bound and the S8 shift.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_01347_u1r_superheavy_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_R superheavy LSP dark matter", "family": "superheavy_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.01347", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical Boltzmann solver run couples the inflaton decay, the T_max > T_reh reheating plasma evolution, and superheavy LSP production/annihilation (eta_X), so Omega_LSP is known only from analytic estimates that the card flags as insufficient for a precision relic abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled inflaton-radiation-LSP Boltzmann system during reheating (extending a freeze-in/reheating code such as a FRISBHEE- or micrOMEGAs-style framework with the T_max-era production integrals of hep-ph/9809453) using the model's computed inflaton widths and eta_X.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_15653_hadrophilic_uv_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV hadrophilic UV freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.15653", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver covers UV freeze-in during and after low-temperature reheating (T_R down to ~10 MeV, finite T_max) with hadronic initial states: photon and pion annihilation rates through the effective phi-FF and phi-GG operators below the QCD scale are not implemented in micrOMEGAs or MadDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a dedicated solver) with a modified expansion history parameterized by (T_R, T_max), adding chiPT-derived pi-pi -> chi chi and gamma gamma -> chi chi collision terms for the hadrophilic scalar mediator, validated against the paper's m_chi Y_DM = 4.37e-10 GeV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_13653_hybrid_two_scalar_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid two-scalar dark sector", "family": "coupled_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.13653", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of the hybrid two-scalar dark sector exists: the authors' CLASS adaptation with the coupled scalar-fluid mapping (field-dependent DM mass, coupling function Q, modified G_eff) is not released, so CMB spectra, lensing potential, and P(k) cannot be recomputed for arbitrary hybrid-potential parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the hybrid-potential background and perturbation equations (pressureless fluid coupled to the light scalar, with coupling Q and field-dependent mass) as a public CLASS module, building on existing coupled-dark-energy CLASS forks, and validate against the paper's published CMB lensing and P(k) deviation figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_07204_su6_sp6_composite_pngb_complex_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(6)/Sp(6) composite pNGB complex singlet dark matter with dark top partners", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07204", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP or micrOMEGAs model files) exists for the SU(6)/Sp(6) complex pNGB singlet S = eta_3 + i eta_4 with dark U(1) stabilization and Z2-odd dark top partners, so the relic-density scan including the gauge-boson-dominated heavy regime cannot be reproduced with a standard Boltzmann solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the pNGB effective Lagrangian (complex S, H_2, dark top partners, C_hS, y_L/y_R, and the quartic S* S VV terms with coefficient a_V) as a FeynRules model, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's C_hS = 0 benchmark near m_S ~ 870 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_03750_post_recombination_decaying_cdm_photon_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Post-recombination reheating decaying cold dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.03750", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS patch implementing DCDM background and perturbation equations with decay into photons and a time-dependent T_CMB is described in the paper but not publicly released, so neither the CMB spectra nor the H0/S8 posteriors can be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the DCDM-to-photon source term (Omega_DCDM_ini, Gamma, evolving photon temperature) in public CLASS following the paper's equations, validate against the quoted Planck+FIRAS+SH0ES best fits, and wire it into a Cobaya likelihood pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_08679_two_component_baryon_scattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component baryon-scattering dark matter for cool-core cluster heating", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.08679", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation covers a fractional baryon-scattering dark subcomponent (fraction f_chi) that is simultaneously kinetically coupled to a dominant cold dark reservoir; existing interacting-DM branches of CLASS/CAMB treat a single species scattering with baryons and do not include the dark-sector kinetic-equilibrium term or the proposed CMB-evasion variants (post-recombination parent decay, dark phase transition, dark conductivity).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public interacting-dark-matter CLASS branch with a two-species dark sector: an f_chi subcomponent with sigma_n^B v^n baryon drag (n = 0, -2, -4) coupled by a dark-sector momentum-exchange term to the dominant CDM species, plus an optional post-recombination decay source term, and validate against the single-species limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_13607_z3_complex_scalar_semi_annihilation_adm_v1", "model_name": "Z_3 complex scalar asymmetric dark matter from semi-annihilation", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13607", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver tracks separate phi and anti-phi yields with the CP-violation parameter epsilon from interference of tree and one-loop semi-annihilation diagrams; existing relic-density codes (micrOMEGAs, MadDM) implement Z3 semi-annihilation only for symmetric populations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a standalone DRAKE-style solver) with a two-species asymmetric freeze-out module parameterized by (m_phi, m_eta, <sigma v>_S, <sigma v>_A, epsilon), reproducing the primary paper's coupled yield equations and their zero-CP and maximal-CP limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_16086_conversion_driven_t_channel_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Conversion-driven t-channel mediator dark matter", "family": "conversion_driven_freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.16086", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver reproduces the conversion-driven freeze-out relic strip for this quark-philic t-channel model including the coupled X-Y conversion terms (decays, inverse decays, scatterings) with Sommerfeld enhancement and bound-state effects that the card lists as key relic dependencies.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs coscattering/freeze-out machinery (or DRAKE) with the coupled X-Y number-density and conversion-rate equations for a colored scalar mediator, adding Sommerfeld and bound-state correction factors for Y Y-bar annihilation, and validate against the published CDFO strip (lambda_X ~ 1e-6, Delta m of few to few tens of GeV).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06226_low_reheating_dark_photon_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating dark-photon freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.06226", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The low-reheating freeze-in Boltzmann solver — the public benchmark code modified to start from a free visible-sector T_rh below m_chi with Boltzmann-suppressed production — is not publicly released, so the relic band between the BBN floor and the standard T_rh >> m_chi benchmark cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public freeze-in direct-detection benchmark code of the earlier work (arXiv:1807.05022 lineage) with T_rh as a free input and Boltzmann-suppressed production from all tree-level SM channels, and release it validated against the paper's recovery of the standard benchmark at T_rh >> m_chi.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0310181_inhomogeneous_chaplygin_condensate_v1", "model_name": "Inhomogeneous Chaplygin-gas gravitational-condensate dark matter", "family": "unified_dark_matter_chaplygin_gas", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0310181", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code implements the two-component inhomogeneous Chaplygin system: a smooth residual gas with p=-A/rho (nonzero, evolving sound speed) plus a CDM-like condensate fraction; the only implementation was an unreleased, preliminary CMBfast patch from 2003, so no modern CMB or matter power spectra can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the residual Chaplygin gas in CLASS as a generalized-dark-matter fluid with w(a) and c_s^2(a) from p=-A/rho and rho=sqrt(A+B/gamma), plus a separate CDM component for the condensate parameterized by (Omega_gas, v^2, Omega_CDM), then couple the output spectra to the public Planck and matter-power likelihoods in Cobaya for a modern constraint pass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0408448_long_lived_radion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived radion dark matter in Randall-Sundrum cosmology", "family": "extra_dimensional_radion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0408448", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation of RS radion linear perturbations exists: the entropy/isocurvature transfer during stabilization that produces the effective baryon isocurvature S_eff is not available in CLASS/CAMB or their scalar-tensor extensions, blocking the model's critical CMB observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a scalar-tensor Boltzmann code (hi_class or a CLASS fork) with the radion field, the brane-dependent couplings alpha_R^(1), alpha_R^(2), and the stabilization-era entropy-perturbation transfer, outputting curvature and S_eff transfer functions to last scattering.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0503428_hybrid_chaplygin_gas_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid Chaplygin gas", "family": "hybrid_chaplygin_gas", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0503428", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the two-component hybrid Chaplygin system (Chaplygin fluid with A promoted to an exponential-potential scalar), including the delta-A entropy perturbation and nonadiabatic pressure cancellation, so neither the matter power spectrum nor a modern SN/CMB/LSS confrontation of the model can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the hybrid Chaplygin sector in CLASS or CAMB as a coupled fluid-plus-scalar module (Chaplygin background with dynamical A(phi), evolving delta phi and the induced delta p nonadiabatic term), validate against the paper's analytic result that entropy perturbations damp after horizon entry, then run standard Planck/Pantheon/BAO likelihoods through Cobaya or MontePython to quantify the large-scale-structure failure.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0801_4108_flaxino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Flaxino dark matter with stau NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.4108", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists mapping the stau NLSP track length and delayed decay to flaxino onto LHC heavy-stable-charged-particle and stopped-particle searches; the card only gives analytic lifetime scaling and qualitative detector/stopper discussion.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a long-lived-stau simplified model in an existing LLP recast framework (SModelS/CheckMATE-class HSCP and stopped-particle analyses), parameterized by (m_stau, tau_stau) with tau_stau computed from F_a, m_flaxino, and the mixing.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_04492_dark_atoms_millicharged_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Dark atoms with massive dark photon and millicharged subcomponent", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.04492", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Boltzmann code computes dark recombination and ionization freeze-out for atomic dark matter with a massive dark photon (B_D/m_A of order unity), so the residual millicharged fraction f_e cannot be scanned outside the paper's example points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the primary paper's ionization Boltzmann equation, with massive-mediator recombination cross sections parameterized by (alpha_D, B_D, m_A), as a standalone ODE module or an extension of an existing dark-recombination solver, validated against the paper's percent-level ionization regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03290_bino_stau_coannihilation_mssm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-stau co-annihilation dark matter with universal slepton masses", "family": "neutralino_bino_slepton_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03290", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The vacuum-stability constraint on the stau strip (con_stau_vacuum_stability, charge-breaking minima from large stau mixing, including the finite-temperature bound) has no evaluation tool attached: the card cites the bound but names no code to test charge-breaking minima across the scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Integrate an automated scalar-potential stability check (Vevacious/CosmoTransitions-class tunneling calculation of the stau-Higgs potential, including thermal corrections) into the scan pipeline, reproducing the bound of arXiv:1809.10061 used by the source.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_04375_reshuffled_simp_model_a_v1", "model_name": "Reshuffled SIMP Model A", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04375", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver exists for the two-component SIMP network with 3-to-2 number-changing reactions plus loop-induced number-conserving 2-to-2 X-N reshuffling; the paper's yield histories come from a private implementation and standard relic codes (micrOMEGAs, DarkSUSY) do not cover this reaction network.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the appendix's coupled equations for the X and N yields in a public stiff-ODE integrator (standalone Python/C++ or as a micrOMEGAs extension), taking the effective-operator cross sections and vector-portal kinetic-equilibrium terms as inputs, and validate by recovering the paper's benchmark yield histories and the rate hierarchy Gamma_2to2 > Gamma_el > Gamma_3to2 > H_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_04375_reshuffled_simp_model_b_v1", "model_name": "Reshuffled SIMP Model B", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04375", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver exists for the three-component reshuffled SIMP system with 3->2 number-changing reactions plus loop-induced number-conserving 2->2 reshuffling; the Model B evolution equations are available only as appendix equations labeled by the card as 'custom coupled Boltzmann equations from the paper'.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the appendix coupled Boltzmann system (component yields Y_X, Y_N1, Y_N2 with 3->2 and two-loop 2->2 collision terms) as a public standalone integrator or a micrOMEGAs multi-component extension, validated against the paper's benchmark yield histories and the rate hierarchy Gamma_2to2 > Gamma_el > Gamma_3to2 > H_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_07069_kinetically_coupled_ede_sfdm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically coupled early dark energy and scalar field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07069", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The KCS-modified CLASS (SFDM with EDE-dependent kinetic term beta(psi) multiplying the kinetic term, plus shooting for the SFDM initial value) is author-private with no release URL, so neither observable can be recomputed or the beta/H0/S8 posteriors reproduced outside the original group.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain the authors' CLASS patch or re-implement the KCS equations in public CLASS by extending an existing EDE+ultralight-scalar branch (e.g. AxiCLASS) with the exponential kinetic-coupling function and its perturbation terms, validating against the published beta = 0.030 +/- 0.026, H0 = 72.38, and S8 = 0.8134 fit values.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0706_3667_affine_quintessence_unified_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Affine-EOS quintessence unified dark fluid", "family": "unified_dark_sector_scalar_field", "arxiv": "0706.3667", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the canonical affine-quintessence unified dark fluid: linear perturbations of the scalar with the hyperbolic potential (including its effective sound speed and Compton scale) have never been evolved through a CMB/matter-power pipeline, so the alpha ~ 1e-6 bound rests on a scaling argument rather than a computation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the affine unified dark fluid in CLASS as either the derived scalar field (quintessence module with the hyperbolic potential and full perturbations) or a generalized-dark-matter fluid with c_s^2 set by the affine slope alpha, then compute P(k) and CMB spectra to turn the kpc-clustering and ISW arguments into quantitative constraints against Planck and galaxy-clustering data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1106_1182_gauge_mediated_r_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated O'Raifeartaigh R-ball dark matter", "family": "non_topological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.1182", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "For the parameter regions where R-balls decay before today, there is no pipeline mapping the decay products (gravitinos, gauginos, visible gauge bosons) at the computed decay epoch onto BBN and CMB energy-injection constraints, leaving the cosmological-imprint half of the detection observable unevaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Once gap_2 supplies branching ratios and decay temperatures, feed the injected electromagnetic/hadronic spectra into existing BBN and CMB injection codes (AlterBBN/ACROPOLIS-class for light elements, ExoCLASS-class for CMB) to produce exclusion contours in the (R, M_F, m_3/2) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_3753_nonminimally_coupled_bec_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled relativistic BEC dark matter", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.3753", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CDM-like large-scale limit before condensation is asserted qualitatively only: there is no Boltzmann-solver implementation of the almost-cold scalar with late-time condensation, so the background evolution, linear power spectrum, and the epoch at which the NMC switches on cannot be computed or checked against CMB/LSS data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar BEC as a CLASS species (fluid or field-level, following existing scalar-field-dark-matter CLASS patches) with a parameterized condensation transition, and verify the background and linear perturbations reduce to CDM on large scales for the relevant parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_7312_u1_prime_rh_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.7312", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements the coupled RH-neutrino decay/inverse-decay plus RH-sneutrino annihilation system that sets the thermal relic density in this model; standard freeze-out machinery assumes full thermal contact and does not track whether Z'-mediated interactions and N decays keep the sector coupled.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (once the model file from gap_1 exists) with coupled number-density equations for N_1 and N including decay/inverse-decay terms, reproducing the related-paper result that light U(1)' gaugino t-channel exchange yields the observed abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_00508_accidental_complex_scalar_z3_v1", "model_name": "Accidental complex scalar Z3 dark matter in scale-invariant local B-L", "family": "z3_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00508", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation of the scale-invariant local B-L complex-scalar Z3 sector (S_X, B-L Higgs, pseudo-Goldstone, Z_B-L) exists for a semi-annihilation-capable Boltzmann solver, so the relic density including S S -> S* phi channels cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the Z3 scalar sector with the cubic S_X^3 term and pseudo-Goldstone spectrum, and run micrOMEGAs (which natively supports Z3 semi-annihilation) to reproduce the m_S = 51 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_parametric_resonance_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation parametric-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No second-order induced-GW integrator is bundled to map the narrow parametric-resonance (top-hat-like) curvature band to Omega_SGW(f); the card records only the primary paper's analytic computation with no numerical recomputation.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a public second-order induced-GW integrator (SIGWfast-class) and wire it to the model's parameterized narrow resonant-band P_R(k) (peak scale k_peak, width, amplitude), validating against the primary paper's spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_05482_xc_charged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "XC charged dark matter with a light C particle", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.05482", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code couples the XC dark-plasma ionization history (X, anti-X, C, massless dark photon with dark Thomson scattering off C) to linear perturbations; existing ETHOS/interacting-DR extensions of CLASS parameterize the drag rate generically but do not include the atomic-like dark recombination that sets z_dec and the DAO pattern for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a dark-sector RECFAST-like module computing the C ionized fraction and DM-DR momentum-transfer rate from (m_X, m_C, alpha_D, xi), then either solve the full perturbation equations or map onto the ETHOS a_n/DAO parameterization for constraint reuse.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_02977_bino_sbottom_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-right-handed-sbottom co-annihilation model", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02977", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code implements the coupled Boltzmann system for bino-sbottom coannihilation including QCD Sommerfeld enhancement and sbottomium bound-state formation, decay, and dissociation, which the card says contribute up to about 30 percent of the effective annihilation rate and shift the preferred mass splitting.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public freeze-out solver (micrOMEGAs or a DRAKE-style coupled-Boltzmann code) with the radiative bound-state capture cross sections and thermally averaged dissociation rates for a color-triplet scalar partner, validating against the published 1703.02977 and 1604.01776 relic bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_02977_bino_stop_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-right-handed-stop co-annihilation model", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02977", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code implements the coupled Boltzmann system for bino-stop coannihilation including QCD Sommerfeld enhancement and stopponium bound-state formation, decay, and dissociation; the card says omitting these terms misestimates the preferred mass splitting even though the bound-state contribution stays below about 10 percent for the right-handed stop.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public freeze-out solver (micrOMEGAs or a DRAKE-style coupled-Boltzmann code) with radiative bound-state capture and thermal dissociation rates for a color-triplet scalar partner including the electroweak annihilation channels, validating against the published 1703.02977 and 1604.01776 relic bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_10094_minicharged_subcomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Subpercent minicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.10094", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public thermal-history solver is attached that evolves the coupled baryon/minicharged-DM temperatures, ionization fraction, and relative-velocity drag for a subpercent charged fraction f_dm (route lists 'thermal-history solver' and 'Boltzmann solver for DM-baryon scattering' as required with null tool_or_code).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing DM-baryon scattering implementation in CLASS (the sigma(v) ~ v^-4 interacting-DM module) or a standalone Munoz-Loeb-style code to include a fractional charged component f_dm with Coulomb drag and Debye-log cross section, tracking T_chi, T_b, x_e, and v_chi_b jointly, validated against the paper's T_b ~ 4 K at z ~ 17 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_00609_resonant_self_interacting_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonant self-interacting dark matter with dark deuteron bound states", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.00609", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public dark-sector Boltzmann solver includes three-body recombination (d+d+d -> deuteron+nucleon), deuteron breakup, and a possible larger dark-nucleus network, so f_2(z) beyond the paper's simplified single-channel evolution cannot be recomputed or extended off-benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a standalone dark-nucleosynthesis network code that evolves nucleon/deuteron (and heavier cluster) abundances with the universal K_3(a, m) recombination coefficient and breakup rates against the dark temperature history and Hubble rate, validated against the paper's f_2 < 1e-6 benchmark at m = 19 GeV, a = 17 fm.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1812_02182_charged_leptophilic_dark_electron_v1", "model_name": "Charged leptophilic dark electron model", "family": "charged_leptophilic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1812.02182", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann kinetic-decoupling integrator handles this model's near-resonant elastic scattering on SM electrons (mass splitting Delta M ~ m_e) together with strong scattering on the keV neutral scalar, so the kinetic-decoupling temperature and linear power-spectrum cutoff cannot be computed beyond the paper's estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ETHOS-style modified CLASS (or the Bringmann-Hofmann kinetic-decoupling formalism implemented as a numerical integrator) with the resonant dark-electron/SM-electron momentum-transfer rate and phi0-mediated scattering, outputting T_kd and the linear transfer function over the (M, Delta M, M_0, alpha_0) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1904_07513_leptophilic_feeble_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly coupled leptophilic Majorana dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_conversion_driven_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.07513", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver handles the conversion-driven freeze-out regime of this leptophilic model, where chemical equilibrium between the Majorana DM and the charged scalar mediator breaks down and coupled per-species number-density equations with conversion terms must be solved; standard micrOMEGAs/MadDM coannihilation routines assume chemical equilibrium and misplace the viable feeble-coupling window.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or implement a standalone solver in the style of the conversion-driven freeze-out literature) to solve the coupled chi and phi number-density equations with explicit conversion rates chi l <-> phi and decay terms, scanning lambda from 1e-8 to 0.1 across the freeze-in/conversion/freeze-out transition, and validate against the paper's m_chi=150 GeV, Delta m=2 GeV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_07371_two_state_superfluid_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Two-state unified superfluid dark sector", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.07371", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear perturbation solver exists for the unified two-state superfluid: the growth-rate difference from LCDM is the model's key cosmological signature, but no Boltzmann/fluid code implements the coupled two-state condensate perturbations with the Josephson/Rabi mixing potential and time-dependent sound speeds.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-state superfluid as an effective dark-sector fluid in CLASS: evolve the background phase/occupation equations with the cosine interspecies potential, derive delta and theta equations with the EFT sound speeds c_s(a), and output H(z), CMB spectra, and f*sigma8(z).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_05382_n2hdm_dark_singlet_phase_v1", "model_name": "N2HDM Dark Singlet Phase", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.05382", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The electroweak (NLO) corrections to the singlet-scalar spin-independent direct-detection cross section in the N2HDM dark singlet phase exist only in a related private calculation, so precision comparisons with XENON1T-class limits rely on tree-level MicrOMEGAs output that can misplace points near the exclusion boundary.", "proposed_resolution": "Port the arXiv:2204.13145 one-loop electroweak corrections to the H_D-nucleon effective coupling into a public module (e.g. a micrOMEGAs add-on or standalone code) and rerun the abundance-rescaled XENON1T comparison for the ScannerS-allowed DSP points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_06294_hadrophilic_sequential_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Hadrophilic scalar-mediator sequential freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06294", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public momentum-level (unintegrated) Boltzmann solver computes the nonthermal hadrophilic mediator distribution f_phi(p,T) with thermal masses and quantum statistics and then the sequential phi phi -> chi chi yield; micrOMEGAs and MadDM freeze-in routines use integrated densities and miss the distribution tail that controls this channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a public momentum-grid Boltzmann solver for f_phi(p,T) with finite-temperature collision terms for SM -> phi production (following the paper's treatment), coupled to a second stage integrating phi phi -> chi chi into Y_chi and Omega_chi h^2; validate by recovering ordinary freeze-in when the sequential channel is switched off, and consider contributing it as a micrOMEGAs or DRAKE-style extension.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_06471_fraternal_twin_higgs_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Fraternal twin Higgs cogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06471", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver handles coupled two-sector (visible plus fraternal-twin) leptogenesis with shared heavy Majorana neutrino decays, branch-specific washout, and separate twin sphaleron conversion; the card's cogenesis route relies on hand-assembled coupled equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing leptogenesis Boltzmann code such as ULYSSES to evolve visible and twin lepton asymmetries simultaneously, parameterized by the Majorana masses, Yukawa couplings, CP phases, and fraternal-spectrum washout rates, with twin-sphaleron conversion factors applied at twin electroweak freeze-out.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_12302_techni_pati_salam_composite_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Techni-Pati-Salam semi-integer-baryon-number composite dark matter", "family": "composite_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.12302", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for the TPS asymmetric relic abundance: computing Omega_DM/Omega_b requires a chemical-potential network with the model's equilibrium conditions plus Boltzmann suppression of the multi-component exotic sector through a strong electroweak phase transition, which standard freeze-out codes (micrOMEGAs, MadDM) do not cover.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated chemical-potential/Boltzmann code implementing the TPS charge assignments, sphaleron and PC4F equilibrium conditions, and Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-out of the exotic components at T_star, turning the paper's qualitative Omega_DM/Omega_b formula into a numeric M_DM prediction with uncertainties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_14688_reproductive_freeze_in_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reproductive freeze-in self-interacting dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.14688", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver integrates number-changing 2->k dark-sector reactions for a chemically underoccupied but kinetically equilibrated species, tracking the occupancy Z(t) and dark temperature T_dm(t) through the RFI phase and the subsequent cannibal-era check.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled (Z, T_dm) integrated Boltzmann equations with a parameterized 2->k collision term (rate coefficient plus exponent) as a standalone module or an extension of micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector freeze-in machinery, validated against the paper's semi-analytic yield-growth and no-cannibal criteria.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2009_05209_atomic_dissipative_dark_matter_dbh_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dissipative dark matter with dark black holes", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2009.05209", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation covers this model's dark-atomic linear cosmology (dark recombination and ionization history, dark acoustic oscillations for the x/c/dark-photon sector), so the large-scale-structure viability constraint on alpha_D, m_c, m_x is judged only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with an atomic-dark-matter module (dark recombination via a rescaled RECFAST/HyRec treatment and ETHOS-like dark-photon tight coupling) to compute the linear power spectrum and delimit the CDM-like region of (alpha_D, m_c, m_x) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_10315_decaying_wimp_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Instantaneously decaying WIMP warm dark matter", "family": "decay_produced_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.10315", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for decay-produced nonthermal WDM with a delta-function daughter distribution f_0(q) plus an associated massless dark-radiation component; the paper's CLASS modifications were not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the delta-function decay-produced distribution in the public CLASS ncdm module (which already accepts tabulated f_0(q)) together with the correlated dark-radiation species, parameterized by (m_L/m_H, a_d) or equivalently gamma and f_dr, and validate against the paper's CDM-limit and thermal-WDM comparison tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_07228_coupled_sfdm_ede_v1", "model_name": "Coupled scalar-field dark matter and early-dark-energy model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.07228", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation exists of this model's specific coupling, an SFDM mass depending exponentially on the EDE field (m_phi = m_0 exp(beta phi_EDE/M_pl)) with consistent background and linear-perturbation energy exchange; the paper's CLASS modification is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-scalar coupled sector in a public CLASS fork (extending an existing EDE branch such as CLASS_EDE/AxiCLASS with the field-dependent SFDM mass and its perturbed source terms), validate against the paper's H0=71.13 and S8=0.8256 best fits, and release the patch.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0212275_dark_group_warm_dark_baryons_v1", "model_name": "Dark group warm dark baryon model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0212275", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists that jointly evolves the warm dark baryon (ncdm species with T_D/T_gamma < 1) and the dark-meson inverse-power-law quintessence sector, which the model couples through the same gauge-sector parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure/extend CLASS with an ncdm species using the derived dark-baryon distribution and temperature ratio plus a scalar-field quintessence module with the IPL potential index n, wired to the shared inputs (N_c, N_f, Lambda_c, T_D/T_gamma).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0308183_inhomogeneous_dilaton_oscillatons_v1", "model_name": "Inhomogeneous dilaton oscillaton dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0308183", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No background/linear-cosmology implementation of the two-phase dilaton exists: the split into cooled (dark-matter-like) and uncooled (dark-energy-like) regions is only an averaging argument, so the expansion history, BBN consistency, and CMB/BAO/SNe predictions cannot be computed or fit, and possible backreaction from inhomogeneous averaging is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the averaged two-component dilaton (oscillating dust-like fraction plus rolling quintessence fraction, with the cooled volume fraction as a parameter) as a scalar-field/fluid species in CLASS or CAMB, then fit alpha, M, xi, and the cooling fraction to CMB, BAO, and supernova data with a standard sampler.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0509592_complex_scalar_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Complex scalar dark fluid", "family": "complex_scalar_dark_fluid", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0509592", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmological Boltzmann implementation exists for this complex scalar dark fluid: existing CLASS/CAMB quintessence modules handle real fields with standard potentials, not a complex field with internal rotation interpolating between matter-like and cosmological-constant behavior, so w_D(z), CMB, and matter-power predictions cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the field in CLASS either directly (two real components with the U(1) charge conserved) or as an effective generalized-dark-matter fluid using the derived w(z) and c_s^2 from gap_1, validate matter-like behavior at last scattering and w_D near -1 today, then run SN/CMB/LSS/BBN likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_09801_z3_scalar_exponential_growth_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scalar dark matter with exponential-growth production", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.09801", "score": 18.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The momentum-level linearized Boltzmann solver for exponential-growth (semi-production) dark matter — evolving f_chi(q,x) from a freeze-in or heavy-decay seed through the lambda_tr-driven growth phase — exists only as the paper's private calculation; no public code produces the relic abundance and final phase-space distribution for this Z3 scalar model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the linearized momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for the chi + phi -> 2 anti-chi semi-production process as a public solver (standalone, or as an extension of micrOMEGAs' freeze-in machinery to full f(q) evolution), parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, lambda_tr, lambda_fi or decay-seed parameters), validated against the paper's 1 GeV / 2 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_04648_cold_natural_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Cold natural hidden-sector confinement dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.04648", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the relic abundance of a cold hidden confining sector populated at temperature ratio xi_i ~ 0.006: the dark-baryon case needs hidden-sector freeze-out with composite cross sections sigma ~ 1/Lambda_i^2 at T_i << T, and the pure Yang-Mills glueball case needs a 3->2 cannibalizing Boltzmann network, neither covered by standard relic tools that assume SM thermal contact.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the hidden-sector temperature-ratio machinery in micrOMEGAs (or a dedicated Boltzmann code) to solve the decoupled-sector network for (xi_i, Lambda_i), including glueball 3->2 cannibalism with lattice-calibrated Yang-Mills equation of state, and validate against the paper's Lambda ~ 50 MeV glueball and 10-100 TeV/xi_i dark-baryon estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_2217_boson_decay_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Boson-decay sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2217", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public N-body initial-conditions generator implements the WDM peculiar-velocity enhancement V(k,z) and coarse-grained phase-space corrections Q_cg derived in the paper for the boson-decay distribution; these corrections exist only as the paper's Born/Fredholm perturbative formalism.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the kurtosis-dependent velocity and phase-space corrections as an initial-conditions module (e.g. an extension of MUSIC/monofonIC) taking f(y), m, and g_d as inputs, validated against the paper's z=30-50, k~1-2 k_fs results and against a CLASS run with the tabulated f_BD(y) as a custom ncdm distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_0285_z2_singlet_fermion_n_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd singlet fermion N dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0285", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements this model's low-scale leptogenesis: the new S/N loop contributions to the CP asymmetry and the associated washout channels are not included in any public leptogenesis network, so Y_B cannot be computed jointly with the N relic abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public leptogenesis Boltzmann code such as ULYSSES with the model-specific epsilon_i (including the new Z2-odd singlet loop) and the S N_i N washout terms, then couple its output to the relic solver from gap_1 for a joint (Y_B, Omega_N h^2) scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5902_hidden_photon_misalignment_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden photon misalignment cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5902", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical code covers resonant hidden-photon-to-photon conversion through the recombination era for sub-neV masses, where the card notes the analytic small-mixing Landau-Zener treatment breaks down and a detailed numerical treatment of the plasma-mass evolution is required.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CMB thermalization/spectral-distortion code (CosmoTherm-class) with the photon-hidden-photon mixing term and the inhomogeneous ionization-history plasma mass, and solve the level-crossing conversion numerically for m_gamma_prime below a neV to replace the analytic resonance approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_07720_confined_colored_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Confined colored relic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07720", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the two-stage abundance calculation (perturbative freeze-out followed by post-confinement H_X anti-H_X rearrangement and quarkonium de-excitation with tracked stable hadron fractions); the route lists a Boltzmann solver and bound-state cross-section model as required but has null tool_or_code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs or a standalone relic-density solver with a second annihilation epoch module taking Lambda_D, sigma_BSF(T), and hadron-species fractions as inputs, validated against the paper's m_X-Lambda_D scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_vector_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Vector FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements moduli-portal freeze-in of a vector FIMP through non-instantaneous reheating; the coupled inflaton-radiation-FIMP system with (T_R, T_max), UV-sensitive high-temperature production, and axial-modulus pole enhancement exists only as the authors' custom code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the field-strength (t X X) and dual-field-strength (a X X-dual) rate densities in a public freeze-in solver extended with an inflaton-dominated reheating phase parameterized by (T_R, T_max) — e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or release a standalone Boltzmann-fluid code — and validate by recovering the radiation-era-only yield and the published relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11264_semi_annihilation_bdm_v1", "model_name": "Semi-annihilation boosted dark matter interpretation", "family": "boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11264", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Earth-transport code handles a directional, mildly relativistic (v ~ 0.1c) boosted dark-matter flux scattering on electrons through a light vector mediator; the card's earth_stopping_constraint rests on an average-density continuous-energy-loss proxy, which also prevents a quantitative daily-modulation prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Monte Carlo underground-propagation code of the DaMaSCUS/DarkProp class to vector-mediated BDM-electron (and nuclear) scattering with a realistic PREM Earth density profile and source directionality, outputting the attenuated, time-dependent flux at 1600 m depth.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_04394_surface_type_dbi_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Surface-type DBI dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04394", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card's only route is a placeholder data transform: there is no forward-model implementation that evolves the s-DBI component (equation of state w(a) with transition scale a_d and sound speed c_s^2 = -w) through a Boltzmann code to CMB and matter-power predictions, and no identified associated code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the s-DBI fluid as a generalized-dark-matter component in CLASS or CAMB (which already support a fluid with tabulated w(a) and c_s^2), using the paper's derived w(a), density evolution, and c_s^2 = -w, then constrain a_d and rho_today with standard Planck/BAO/weak-lensing likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_06611_millicharged_dirac_neutrino_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Subcomponent millicharged Dirac dark matter with neutrino annihilation", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06611", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public three-sector Boltzmann solver computes freeze-out and N_eff for a millicharged Dirac subcomponent whose depletion is dominated by an added neutrino annihilation channel while it retains electromagnetic coupling; existing millicharge-only freeze-out treatments give the wrong thermal history by construction.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public MeV thermal-history code (e.g. NUDEC_BSM) with the millicharged EM annihilation/scattering rates plus a parameterized sigma_v_nu neutrino channel, evolving EM, neutrino, and DM sector temperatures to output (f_chi, N_eff) over (m_chi, epsilon, sigma_v_nu).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701011_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "gravitino LSP superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701011", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No concrete recast of LHC/ILC long-lived charged slepton searches and stopped-particle trapping studies exists for this model's (m_NLSP, tau_NLSP, production cross section) space; the card cites the search class but no implemented analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS heavy-stable-charged-particle analyses for the slepton NLSP in an existing LLP recasting framework (e.g. the HSCP modules of SModelS or CheckMATE) and add a trap-geometry acceptance simulation for the stopped-slepton decay-distribution measurement.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_dark_glueball_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-produced dark SU(N) glueball dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical pipeline computes the glueball relic abundance and dark temperature through the full history — scalaron decay to dark gluons in Starobinsky reheating, SU(N) confinement, 3-to-2 cannibal freeze-out, and optional entropy dilution from a second Yang-Mills sector — beyond the paper's analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a coupled Boltzmann solver for the scalaron energy density, visible bath, and dark-gluon/glueball sector (cannibal 3-to-2 network with lattice-informed glueball spectrum), parameterized by (Lambda, N, xi_h, Delta), reusing existing cannibal-dark-matter freeze-out codes as the core.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_neutrinophilic_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation maps this model's chi-neutrino scattering and annihilation (via the charge-two scalar with masses m_chi, m_phi and couplings mu, c_phi) onto CMB and matter-power spectra; existing nu-DM modified CLASS codes use a generic constant or T^2 cross section, not this mediator's structure, and the CMB constraint is flagged recast_required with no likelihood run.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermally averaged chi-nu momentum-transfer cross section for the charge-two mediator and add it to an existing DM-neutrino-interacting CLASS branch (ETHOS-like parameterization), then run Planck plus matter-power likelihoods in Cobaya/MontePython over (m_chi, m_phi, mu, c_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_06494_two_hidden_sector_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-hidden-sector long-lived dark photon dark matter", "family": "dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.06494", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes dark-photon production and relic density in a two-hidden-sector U(1)_X1 x U(1)_X2 setup with independently evolving temperatures T1 and T2 coupled through epsilon_1, epsilon_2, and Stueckelberg mixing; the calculation exists only in the source paper's formalism.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a coupled multi-sector temperature-evolution Boltzmann code (or extend micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector freeze-in machinery) that takes (m_gamma_prime, epsilon_1, epsilon_2, M3/M4, T1/T, T2/T) and returns Omega_gamma_prime h^2, T_i(z), and the lifetime check, validated against the paper's benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11844_spin2_portal_freeze_in_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 portal FIMP freeze-in during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11844", "score": 15.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements spin-2-portal UV freeze-in during non-instantaneous reheating; the required coupled inflaton-radiation-FIMP system with (T_R, T_max), including resonant on-shell massive spin-2 production and decay near the pole, exists only as the authors' custom code, and standard freeze-in tools assume radiation domination.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the graviton and massive spin-2 stress-energy-coupling rate densities (light, resonant, and heavy regimes) in a public freeze-in solver extended with an inflaton-dominated reheating phase parameterized by (T_R, T_max) — e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or release a standalone Boltzmann-fluid code — validating against the published relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_3304_higgs_portal_supersymmetric_hylogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal supersymmetric hylogenesis variant", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.3304", "score": 15, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the low-temperature-reheating hylogenesis system (modulus/X decays, CP-asymmetric baryon-number generation, and Higgs-portal symmetric depletion into light pseudoscalars) needed to compute the asymmetric relic yield for this variant.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the main-text hylogenesis Boltzmann equations (reheating, X decay asymmetry, hidden-sector annihilation) as a standalone numerical solver, e.g. a Python/ODE code or an extension of micrOMEGAs' asymmetric freeze-out machinery, with the appendix aa annihilation channel swapped in for the U(1)' depletion term.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_mirrored_neutron_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored neutron dark matter in a visible heavy QCD axion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 15, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-density calculator handles freeze-out of composite mirror baryons at the 100 TeV scale, where annihilation proceeds through nonperturbative mirror-QCD channels near the unitarity limit in a mirror thermal bath; the card relies on an order-of-magnitude unitarity estimate (computational_representation is null).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a hidden-sector Boltzmann solver (e.g. micrOMEGAs hidden-sector mode) with a parameterized mirror-hadronic annihilation cross section (geometric/unitarity form rescaled by the mirror confinement scale) and a mirror-sector temperature ratio, validating against the paper's m_N' ~ 100 TeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_composite_hidden_baryon_v1", "model_name": "Secluded composite hidden-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 12.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public thermal relic solver handles composite hidden-baryon freeze-out with annihilation into lighter hidden mesons, hidden-sector degrees of freedom, and a hidden-to-visible temperature ratio; micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY-class codes do not cover this secluded confining-sector topology.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Boltzmann relic code (e.g. micrOMEGAs with user-defined cross sections) with hidden-sector entropy/temperature evolution and B prime annihilation to M prime pairs parameterized by (m_Bprime, Lambda_prime), validated against the paper's greater-than-10-TeV abundance floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0706_3667_affine_k_essence_unified_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Affine-EOS purely kinetic k-essence unified dark fluid", "family": "unified_dark_sector_scalar_field", "arxiv": "0706.3667", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the affine pure kinetic k-essence unified dark fluid: its perturbations with c_s^2 tied to the small affine parameter alpha have not been evolved to compute matter power suppression or the ISW response, so the alpha/c_s^2 <~ 1e-6 viability bound remains an order-of-magnitude estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the pure kinetic k-essence field in CLASS or CAMB as a unified dark fluid (generalized-dark-matter module with c_s^2 from the k-essence L(X), or a dedicated k-essence perturbation module), verify recovery of the CDM transfer function in the alpha -> 0 limit, and compute P(k) and CMB spectra across the small-alpha regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_13272_spin0_relativistic_decay_dm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Spin-0 relativistic-decay dark matter EFT", "family": "nonthermal_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.13272", "score": 11.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the model's injection history: a heavy companion decaying via the dimension-five operator to a massive spin-0 daughter that is relativistic at injection (redshifting from radiation-like to matter-like) together with the accompanying photon energy injection, so Delta N_eff, the H0 shift, and the free-streaming transfer function cannot be computed precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS's dcdm/dr module to a two-body decay with a massive daughter evolved as an NCDM species with the delta-function decay phase-space distribution (following existing DM-to-DM+DR modified-CLASS implementations), and couple the photon branch to ExoCLASS/DarkAges-style energy-injection treatment for BBN and CMB consistency.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02904_lepton_portal_freeze_in_scalar_universal_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal freeze-in scalar with universal lepton couplings", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02904", "score": 0.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Hubble-tension target region for the universal coupling is imported from the paper rather than computed: no public CLASS/CAMB late-radiative-decay extension with an attached Planck/BAO/Pantheon likelihood exists to independently delineate the cosmology-favored (m_phi, f_phi, tau_phi) region being excluded.", "proposed_resolution": "Reuse the same public decaying-dark-matter CLASS branch and MCMC pipeline proposed for the hierarchical variant (phi -> gamma gamma source terms plus Planck 2018+BAO+Pantheon likelihoods) to regenerate the target region before applying the stellar-cooling cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 2, "rank_structure_formation": 2}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Indirect-detection likelihood (γ-ray / cosmic-ray / ν)", "n_gaps": 343, "n_models": 333, "weight": 8094.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 45, "weight_structure_formation": 1204.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 162, "blocks_key_observables": 159, "minor": 21, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 258, "small": 56, "large": 29}, "members": [{"model_id": "1807_02530_b3_dfsz_axion_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-triality DFSZ axion and light-axino dark matter model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.02530", "score": 45, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public likelihood exists for X-ray/gamma-ray line limits on a decaying keV axino that is only a fraction of the dark matter; the card notes limits must be rescaled by the axino fraction and records likelihood_available: no for con_axino_xray_gamma.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published X-ray line (e.g. NuSTAR/XMM blank-sky) and soft gamma-ray decaying-DM lifetime curves, wrap them as a lifetime-versus-mass likelihood with an explicit Omega_axino/Omega_DM rescaling parameter, and connect it to the analytic (m_axino, lambda, lambda_prime, f_a) to lifetime map.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_04135_right_handed_neutrino_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino hot dark matter subcomponent in an SU(2)_V W-prime model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.04135", "score": 44.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical flavor/EWP/collider recast exists for the W-prime SU(2)_V sector that fixes the right-handed-neutrino parameters; the R_D(*), FCNC, EWP, and direct-search constraints are only described qualitatively (likelihood_available 'no', recasting_needed 'yes').", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the C_RR^V operator and right-handed mixing structure in a global flavor-fit package (e.g. extend flavio/smelli with the light-nu_R final state) and recast LHC W-prime and vector-like fermion searches for the model's benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_12336_thermal_dark_matter_kination_v1", "model_name": "Thermal dark matter freeze-out during kination", "family": "thermal_kination_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.12336", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood pipeline connects the kination-enhanced microhalo boost factor to Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal, H.E.S.S. Galactic Center, and isotropic gamma-ray background limits; the constraint currently requires a manual channel-by-channel recast through the boost factor.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the microhalo-models boost output into the released Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods and published H.E.S.S. limit curves, with annihilation spectra per channel from PPPC4DMID or HDMSpectra, exposing (m_DM, <sigma v>, T_KR, T_kd, channel) as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_00820_nonthermal_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal WIMP baryogenesis model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.00820", "score": 37.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No gamma-ray likelihood is attached to the indirect-detection route: the paper's testability statement is qualitative, and the spectrum for the baryon-violating X X -> u psi final state (versus the b-bbar benchmark) has not been computed or run against dwarf-spheroidal limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute annihilation spectra for the visible benchmark channels with Pythia/PPPC4DMID (including the u psi cascade) and evaluate them against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf bin-by-bin likelihood (e.g. via MadDM) at the benchmark <sigma_A v> = 5e-8 GeV^-2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17238_scalar_singlet_fimp_vectorlike_parent_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Scalar singlet FIMP dark matter with vectorlike fermion parent during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17238", "score": 37.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "LLP exclusions for the SM-charged vectorlike fermion parent decaying to s plus a right-handed lepton are not packaged: published heavy-stable-charged-particle and displaced-lepton searches must be recast with model-specific production cross sections and detector acceptances not encoded in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vectorlike lepton parent in an existing LLP recast framework (e.g. the LLP Recasting Repository or SModelS displaced/HSCP results) for the muonphilic benchmark, producing exclusion contours in the (m_P, c tau_P) plane that can be overlaid on the relic-density-required decay lengths per reheating history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_modulus_decay_axion_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulus-decay axion hot-and-cold dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray/gamma-ray flux likelihood exists for the decaying MeV-scale axion: the card gives only qualitative guidance for the photon probe, with no mapping from (g_aSM, tau_a, m_a) to instrument-level line or continuum limits (likelihood_available: unknown, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published X-ray and MeV gamma-ray line and diffuse-background searches (e.g. XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, INTEGRAL/SPI, COMPTEL) into decaying-dark-matter lifetime limits tau_a(m_a) and package them as a likelihood over the axion coupling-lifetime plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_4034_early_matter_domination_daughter_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Early matter domination with nearly degenerate daughter WIMP dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_thermal_history_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.4034", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the Fermi-LAT isotropic gamma-ray background and dwarf-galaxy constraints on the microhalo-boosted annihilation signal of this model, nor for the BBN reheating/branching consistency requirement; existing EMD gamma-ray bounds assume different free-streaming and final-state choices and must be recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Fermi-LAT IGRB and Draco analyses of arXiv:1910.08553 into a reusable likelihood parameterized by (<sigma v>, annihilation final state, microhalo boost factor), and add an analytic BBN consistency check on T_RH > T_BBN with the f_b relation as a prior.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_1071_neutrino_portal_secluded_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino portal secluded dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1071", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only an approximate IceCube constraint exists on the card; there is no spectral/anisotropy likelihood for recasting the predicted absorption features against IceCube diffuse-flux data with source-distribution uncertainties marginalized.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood from public IceCube HESE/diffuse-flux data releases that compares absorbed versus unabsorbed spectra, marginalizing over spectral index and source redshift distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_07243_z4_inert_doublet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z4-odd inert-doublet WIMP in an A4 three-Higgs-doublet model", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.07243", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable joint likelihood exists for the constraint-filter step: the paper reports mass windows and exclusions (relic, W/Z/Higgs invisible widths, XENON1T, dwarf-galaxy indirect limits) only as qualitative cuts, with no machine-readable likelihood or scan files.", "proposed_resolution": "Compose an explicit likelihood pipeline from existing public components: Planck relic-density gaussian, HiggsTools/Lilith for invisible-width and Higgs signal strengths, DDCalc for XENON1T SI scattering, and Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods (gamLike) for the annihilation cross section, wired to the micrOMEGAs outputs of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_09794_type_iii_seesaw_freeze_in_n_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw freeze-in long-lived singlet N dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.09794", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No encoded likelihood exists for cosmological and astrophysical bounds on the late decay N -> e+ e- at m_N around 0.1 GeV and tau_N around 5e28 s; the card's lifetime constraint (long_lifetime_cosmology_condition) has likelihood_available unknown, so viability is asserted rather than quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published decaying-dark-matter lifetime limits for the e+ e- channel at sub-GeV masses (Voyager 1 positron flux, CMB energy-injection limits computed with ExoCLASS/DarkHistory) into a tau_N(m_N) exclusion curve that the route can evaluate directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07865_scale_invariant_inverse_seesaw_majoron_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant inverse-seesaw Majoron freeze-in dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.07865", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Majoron decay lifetime is only enforced as a hard tau_J > 1e25 s cut; no decay-spectrum recast maps the J -> nu nu and loop-induced charged-fermion channels onto current indirect-detection limits (neutrino telescope and gamma-ray/X-ray decay searches) in the 10 MeV to 1 GeV mass window.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the decay spectra (monochromatic neutrino line plus loop-induced e+e-/gamma final states, e.g. with HDMSpectra-style or low-mass spectrum tools) and recast published decaying-dark-matter limits from neutrino and gamma-ray experiments into a reusable tau_J(m_J) likelihood replacing the flat lifetime cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14091_z3_sterile_neutrino_portal_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z3 sterile-neutrino portal scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14091", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The search constraints are applied only as quoted limit values: no assembled exact likelihoods exist for the DarkSide-50/LZ spin-independent limits, the Higgs invisible width, or the H.E.S.S./CTA gamma-ray comparison in this model's parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Chain DDCalc for LZ/DarkSide-50 likelihoods, HiggsTools for the invisible-width constraint, and the published H.E.S.S. Galactic-center likelihood plus CTA sensitivity curves into a joint recast over (m_DM, m_N, y_N, y_chi, lambda_H, mu).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09726_scotogenic_scalar_doublet_emd_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter in early matter domination", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09726", "score": 35.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gamma-ray observable from low-mass annihilation to W pairs is logged as future work: no computed <sigma v>_WW map over the EMD-opened parameter space and no Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood evaluation exist for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute present-day <sigma v>_WW with micrOMEGAs across the EMD-allowed benchmarks and evaluate against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods (with PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra WW spectra), rescaled by the predicted relic fraction squared.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14091_z3_sterile_neutrino_portal_fermion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z3 sterile-neutrino portal fermion WIMP dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14091", "score": 35.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The search constraints are applied only as quoted limit values: no assembled exact likelihoods exist for DarkSide-50/LZ spin-independent limits, the Higgs invisible width, or the H.E.S.S./CTA gamma-ray comparison in this model's parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Chain DDCalc for LZ/DarkSide-50 likelihoods, HiggsTools for the invisible-width constraint, and the published H.E.S.S. Galactic-center likelihood plus CTA sensitivity curves into a joint recast over (m_DM, m_N, y_N, y_chi, lambda_H).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_04430_fourth_family_dirac_neutrino_zprime_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-family Dirac-neutrino Z' WIMP", "family": "zprime_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.04430", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihoods are available for the direct-detection (LUX/PandaX/XENON1T) and indirect-detection (Planck CMB energy injection, Fermi-LAT dwarf) constraints as they apply to this model's mu+mu-/b bbar/t tbar/Z'Z' final-state mix; the card records likelihood_available: no for both.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood by wiring DDCalc-style xenon likelihoods and public Fermi-LAT dwarf plus Planck f_eff annihilation likelihoods to the model's branching-fraction-weighted spectra (e.g. via MadDM/PPPC tables), and validate against the exclusion statements quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_2476_ultralight_scalar_neutrino_nonselfconjugate_v1", "model_name": "Non-Self-Conjugate ultra-light scalar dark matter with neutrino mediator", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.2476", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the UHE flux comparison: IceCube/Auger non-detections are published as source-flux limits, and there is no recast that folds detector effective areas with attenuated spectra so that propagation suppression can be distinguished from low source normalization.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood from public IceCube EHE effective areas and Auger exposures, computing expected event counts for MPR/Waxman-Bahcall benchmark fluxes attenuated by the model, for both the all-DM and ten-percent-DM scalar fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_2476_ultralight_scalar_neutrino_self_conjugate_v1", "model_name": "Self-Conjugate ultra-light scalar dark matter with neutrino mediator", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.2476", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No propagation-aware UHE neutrino likelihood exists for this model: there is no framework that folds the model's DM-attenuated flux (with redshift-evolving DM density and source populations) through IceCube-EHE/Auger exposures while separating source-normalization uncertainty from the propagation suppression the paper warns can be confused with it.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline that convolves MPR and Waxman-Bahcall benchmark source spectra with the model's optical depth tau(E_nu, z; m_phi, g_phi, M_I, f_phi) integrated over redshift, applies published IceCube-EHE and Auger effective areas/exposures, and marginalizes over source normalization to produce limits on (g_phi, M_I, m_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_09154_hidden_u1d_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component hidden U(1)_D scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.09154", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Super-K/Hyper-K detector simulation or likelihood exists for boosted light dark matter with inelastic scattering followed by prompt decay (multi-ring topology); event forecasts are order-of-magnitude counts without efficiencies, angular reconstruction, or atmospheric-neutrino background modeling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a detector-response module for large water-Cherenkov detectors (effective volume, ring-finding efficiency vs opening angle, decay-length acceptance, atmospheric background rates) calibrated on the published Super-K boosted-DM search, and expose it as an event-count likelihood for Hyper-K forecasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_09458_two_component_majorana_fimp_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Two-component Majorana FIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09458", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No unified machine-readable gamma-ray line-search likelihood spans INTEGRAL, COMPTEL, EGRET, and Fermi-LAT for a decaying dark-matter subcomponent; the card records only partial likelihood availability with recasting needed, and the flux must be scaled by the chi_2 abundance fraction, which existing single-component line limits do not support natively.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published line-search flux limits into a common lifetime-versus-mass likelihood grid (extending frameworks like MADHAT or the Fermi line-search data products) with an explicit decaying-fraction rescaling parameter, and validate against the primary paper's inverse-width exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11857_majorana_heavy_quark_gluon_philic_eft_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-quark and gluon-philic Majorana dark matter EFT", "family": "heavy_quark_gluon_philic_effective_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11857", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment likelihoods are wired into the route: the XENON1T spin-independent limits and Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. b bbar projections are used only as digitized curves (likelihood_available is no for con_xenon1t_si_wilson_limits, con_fermilat_hess_bbbar_projection, and con_relic_density_wilson_coefficients), so Wilson-coefficient constraints cannot be recomputed statistically, including the one-loop heavy-quark-to-nucleon matching that the card flags as model dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the EFT predictions to the public XENON1T likelihood in DDCalc/GAMBIT (using DirectDM-style RG running and loop matching for the heavy-quark operators onto nuclear responses) and to the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (gamLike) for the b bbar/t tbar/gluon channels, replacing curve overlays with a proper joint likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_16242_wimp_qcd_axion_emde_multicomponent_v1", "model_name": "Noninteracting WIMP and QCD axion dark matter in an early matter dominated epoch", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.16242", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood is configured for the WIMP subcomponent: final-state branching ratios are unspecified and the (Omega_chi/Omega_DM)^2-scaled recast of gamma-ray limits described in the route is not implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Fix benchmark annihilation final states, compute spectra with PPPC4DMID or HDMSpectra as appropriate, and recast Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (e.g. through MadDM) with the subcomponent fraction scaling from the background solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_16122_pbh_evaporated_wimpy_baryogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporated non-thermal WIMPy baryogenesis dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.16122", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection recast exists for the B-violating annihilation final states (single quark plus DM, neutrinos, or hidden particles): published Planck/Fermi/AMS-02/H.E.S.S./IceCube/CTA limits assume standard channels like b bbar, so the required TeV-scale cross sections cannot be properly tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the model's photon, positron, and neutrino spectra for the nonstandard final states with Pythia/PPPC4DMID (or HDMSpectra at high masses), then recast the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods, Planck f_eff CMB bound (via ExoCLASS), and IceCube/CTA limits onto <sigma v>_B versus m_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_4007_supersymmetric_two_component_radiative_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric radiative-neutrino two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.4007", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current indirect-detection likelihood exists for metastable N1 decay: the positron/gamma-line predictions were fit to historical PAMELA/Fermi anomalies, and the card records the cosmic-ray likelihood as unavailable, so tau_N1 ~ 1e26 s benchmarks cannot be confronted with AMS-02/Fermi-LAT-era data.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute N1 -> neutralino + leptons/photon decay spectra, feed them through a public propagation code (DRAGON or GALPROP) and Fermi-LAT diffuse/line likelihoods plus AMS-02 positron data, producing lifetime limits as a function of m_N1 and branching ratios.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1611_04590_subkev_fermionic_fermi_pressure_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-keV fermionic dark matter with Fermi-pressure dwarf cores", "family": "warm_fermionic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.04590", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dwarf-spheroidal kinematic likelihood exists for quasi-degenerate fermionic cored profiles; the 70-400 eV core window rests on simplified halo-profile fits rather than a statistical comparison to stellar-kinematic data.", "proposed_resolution": "Embed the Thomas-Fermi degenerate-core plus thermal-envelope profile family in an existing Jeans-analysis framework (e.g. GravSphere-style dwarf kinematic fits) and build a likelihood over classical dwarf spheroidal velocity-dispersion data with anisotropy marginalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_09726_scotogenic_scalar_doublet_feu_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter in a fast-expanding universe", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09726", "score": 33.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gamma-ray observable from low-mass annihilation to W pairs is logged as future work: no computed <sigma v>_WW map over the fast-expansion-opened parameter space and no Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood evaluation exist for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute present-day <sigma v>_WW with micrOMEGAs across the FEU-allowed benchmarks and evaluate against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods (with PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra WW spectra), rescaled by the predicted relic fraction squared.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11857_real_scalar_heavy_quark_gluon_philic_eft_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-quark and gluon-philic real scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "heavy_quark_gluon_philic_effective_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11857", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment likelihoods are wired into the route: the XENON1T spin-independent limits and Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. b bbar projections are used only as digitized curves (likelihood_available is no for con_xenon1t_si_wilson_limits, con_fermilat_hess_bbbar_projection, and con_relic_density_wilson_coefficients), so Wilson-coefficient constraints cannot be recomputed statistically, including the one-loop heavy-quark-to-nucleon matching that the card flags as model dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the EFT predictions to the public XENON1T likelihood in DDCalc/GAMBIT (using DirectDM-style RG running and loop matching for the heavy-quark operators onto nuclear responses) and to the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (gamLike) for the b bbar/t tbar/gluon channels, replacing curve overlays with a proper joint likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_00032_inelastic_dark_photon_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV inelastic dark photon thermal relic", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.00032", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No assembled likelihoods exist for the three constraint channels: the Planck energy-injection bound is only a rescaled self-conjugate recast (ignoring channel-dependent deposition efficiencies), MeV gamma-ray limits from INTEGRAL/COMPTEL and projections for e-ASTROGAM/AMEGO/MAST are digitized curves without instrument response, and the inelastic electron-scattering constraint lacks a detector-level recast for XENON1T/SuperCDMS/CRESST/OSCURA thresholds.", "proposed_resolution": "Build channel-specific recasts: compute f_eff(z) deposition efficiencies for the chi_1 chi_2 final states with ExoCLASS/DarkHistory and apply the full Planck likelihood; recast INTEGRAL/COMPTEL diffuse data with published instrument responses for the 1-100 MeV coannihilation spectrum; and implement inelastic-kinematics electron-recoil rates in a QEDark-style framework against released detector efficiencies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_12545_hidden_sector_kev_fermion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector keV fermion warm dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.12545", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CEvNS recoil likelihood exists for hidden-fermion production in coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering through Z_s/H exchange; the card notes no final experimental exclusion contour and that thresholds and resolution are decisive.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a modified CEvNS recoil-spectrum calculator including the massive-final-state kinematics and coherence condition, and recast the public COHERENT CsI/LAr data releases (and reactor CEvNS data) into limits on the Z/H exchange couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_two_higgs_doublet_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with two-Higgs-doublet scalar portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline maps the boosted cascade spectra (chi chi -> mediators -> 2HDM-weighted SM final states) onto the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess, AMS-02 antiproton data, and Fermi-LAT dwarf spheroidal limits; the card records only approximate likelihoods with recasting needed for all three constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine boosted-frame convolution of PPPC4DMID/Pythia spectra for mediator decays with the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood tables and a GALPROP/DRAGON antiproton propagation setup, packaged as a reusable recast for hidden-sector two-step annihilation with 2HDM branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0905_1253_leptophilic_nonthermal_wimp_cosmic_string_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic non-thermal WIMP model from U(1)' cosmic strings", "family": "nonthermal_leptophilic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0905.1253", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The lepton-excess and gamma-ray fits target 2008-2009 PAMELA/ATIC/Fermi/HESS data; no modern AMS-02 positron, Fermi-LAT, or current HESS Galactic-center likelihood recast exists for this model's benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the leptophilic annihilation benchmarks against AMS-02 positron-fraction and current Fermi-LAT/HESS likelihoods using a public propagation code plus published likelihood tables, updating the allowed <sigma v> and boost-factor regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1106_0536_scalar_decay_reheating_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-decay-produced cold dark matter after low-temperature reheating", "family": "nonthermal_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.0536", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No observational likelihood connects the predicted microhalo population to data: the card attaches no likelihood for microhalo abundance or the small-scale transfer-function break, so the (T_RH, v_RH) parameter space cannot be quantitatively constrained.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from existing probes of ultracompact small-scale structure — pulsar-timing-array Doppler/Shapiro constraints, stellar microlensing limits, and (for annihilating candidates) gamma-ray boost-factor bounds — taking the calibrated microhalo mass function as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_05056_pseudo_sakharon_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-sakharon long-lived dark matter", "family": "long_lived_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.05056", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood recasts the generic CMB energy-injection and indirect-search lifetime bounds (the ~1e26-1e27 s targets) into a limit on this model's (tau_S, m_S) plane with its specific hadronic decay spectrum; only literature-level lifetime targets are quoted.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the gap_2 injection spectra into ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for the CMB decay bound and into published Fermi/AMS decaying-DM likelihood tables for the indirect bound, producing a tau_S(m_S) exclusion curve to compare with the 1e27 s benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_10139_simp_axion_portal_dark_pions_v1", "model_name": "SIMP dark pions through the axion portal", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10139", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB energy-injection constraint on axion-mediated annihilation exists only as an approximate published bound; no Planck-level likelihood links this model's annihilation spectrum (dark pions to ALPs to visible SM final states) to CMB anisotropy data.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the model's injected-energy spectrum from ALP decay products, feed it through ExoCLASS/DarkHistory efficiency functions f_eff(z), and evaluate against the Planck annihilation likelihood (p_ann) to replace the approximate bound with a proper likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11857_real_vector_heavy_quark_gluon_philic_eft_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-quark and gluon-philic real vector dark matter EFT", "family": "heavy_quark_gluon_philic_effective_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11857", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment likelihoods are wired into the route: the XENON1T spin-independent limits and Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. b bbar projections are used only as digitized curves (likelihood_available is no for con_xenon1t_si_wilson_limits, con_fermilat_hess_bbbar_projection, and con_relic_density_wilson_coefficients), so Wilson-coefficient constraints cannot be recomputed statistically, including the one-loop heavy-quark-to-nucleon matching that the card flags as model dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the EFT predictions to the public XENON1T likelihood in DDCalc/GAMBIT (using DirectDM-style RG running and loop matching for the heavy-quark operators onto nuclear responses) and to the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (gamLike) for the b bbar/t tbar/gluon channels, replacing curve overlays with a proper joint likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_02403_hypercharge_electroweak_alp_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hypercharge electroweak ALP-portal Dirac dark matter", "family": "axion_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.02403", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined likelihood package maps this benchmark's parameter space (M_chi, M_a, f with C_aB = alpha_Y Q_Y^2/f) onto photon-line searches, CMB energy-injection bounds, and the LEP/LHC/fixed-target/flavor ALP searches; each constraint currently requires a manual paper-level recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast module that combines digitized gamma-ray line limits (Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, H.E.S.S., COMPTEL, EGRET), CMB ionization bounds, and existing ALP-search compilations (e.g. ALPINIST-style tables) with the hypercharge-benchmark branching-ratio calculator, exposing a per-point joint likelihood over (M_chi, M_a, f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04575_dissipative_dark_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark cosmology with early matter dominance and delayed compact objects", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04575", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Standard PBH evaporation constraints assume formation deep in the radiation era, but here black holes form late and inject energy around t_cool + t_decay; no recast of BBN, CMB, and gamma-ray energy-injection limits exists for this shifted, delayed injection history.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate Hawking spectra with BlackHawk for the 1e8-1e34 g mass range and propagate energy injection at the delayed release time through DarkHistory/ExoCLASS (CMB) and an AlterBBN-style BBN code, replacing the paper's single-release-time approximation with time-resolved contours in (M_BH, f_PBH, t_cool + t_decay).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_04930_2hdm_singlet_doublet_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "2HDM portal singlet-doublet dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.04930", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined 2HDM Higgs-sector, flavor, and invisible-width constraint evaluation (con_2hdm_higgs_colliders_flavor, likelihood_available 'partial') is not wired to current datasets for this model's spectra, including the dark-fermion contributions to invisible h/Z widths.", "proposed_resolution": "Run HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (or HiggsTools) with current LHC Higgs data on the 2HDM spectrum, add SuperIso/flavio for B -> X_s gamma and related flavor bounds, and include the singlet-doublet loop and invisible-width contributions computed from the model file of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03488_selective_p_wave_sommerfeld_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Selective p-wave Sommerfeld two-level self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03488", "score": 31.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline handles the model's nonmonotonic velocity-dependent annihilation: existing Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods and CMB energy-injection bounds assume a single velocity-independent <sigma v>, so the claimed suppression at dwarf and recombination velocities cannot be quantitatively tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Build velocity-dispersion-weighted J-factors for the Fermi dwarf sample from stellar kinematics, fold <sigma v>(v) into the public Fermi dwarf likelihood, and integrate the low-velocity limit of S_p(v) into ExoCLASS for the CMB energy-injection constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_b_minus_l_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with B-L vector portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public end-to-end likelihood exists for the joint Galactic Center gamma-ray excess plus AMS-02 antiproton fit that this model targets; the card lists likelihood_available as approximate with no likelihood_reference, and cosmic-ray propagation uncertainties are unquantified in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood by combining a published GCE spectrum-with-covariance likelihood with an antiproton likelihood marginalized over GALPROP/DRAGON propagation parameters, and validate against the small allowed regions quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_07008_hidden_u1_radiative_seesaw_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1) radiative-seesaw fermion dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07008", "score": 31.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The H0/self-interacting-neutrino observable has no model-specific pipeline: the mapping from (g_H, m_Z', neutral-fermion mixing) to the effective coupling G_eff and a CMB Boltzmann+likelihood fit were not performed, so the claim that the model realizes the strong (~5 MeV^-2) or moderate (~100 MeV^-2) Planck-fit regimes cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive G_eff(g_H, m_Z', mixing) for the light hidden Z' including the tree-level neutrino-mass consistency condition, then run a modified CLASS with self-interacting neutrinos coupled to MontePython/Cobaya against Planck+BAO, reusing the existing self-interacting-neutrino likelihood setups the card cites.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_04773_co_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Co-decaying dark matter with enhanced small-scale structure", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.04773", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged Fermi-LAT point-source and isotropic gamma-ray background likelihood exists that accepts a microhalo population plus annihilation cross section and final states for this model; existing EMDE gamma-ray recasts in related papers are analysis-specific and not reusable.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recasting layer that maps the surviving microhalo distribution and sigma_v/final-state choices to point-source counts and IGRB intensity, wrapping the public Fermi-LAT IGRB spectrum and point-source catalog likelihoods, validated against the related EMDE analyses cited in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_07342_eev_gravitino_rpv_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "EeV gravitino dark matter with bilinear R-parity violation", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.07342", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public IceCube likelihood exists for the EeV neutrino line plus continuum from gravitino decay: the mu_prime ~ 50 keV bound is inherited from a published heavy-DM lifetime limit under fixed halo and flavor assumptions, and cannot be re-evaluated for other (m_3/2, m_SUSY, c_beta) points or halo profiles.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate Z nu / W l / h nu decay spectra at EeV with HDMSpectra, propagate the Galactic and extragalactic flux for a chosen halo profile, and fold through IceCube's published extremely-high-energy effective areas to build a reusable tau_3/2(m_3/2) likelihood, validated against the paper's mu_prime ~ 50 keV and tau > 1e28 s benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_07342_eev_gravitino_rpv_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "EeV gravitino dark matter with bilinear R-parity violation", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.07342", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gamma-ray and antiproton constraints on the decaying EeV gravitino are unquantified (likelihood_available: no): the card relies on the (M_Z/m_SUSY)^2 suppression of the photon branch, but no multimessenger recast exists for non-benchmark spectra where those channels could dominate.", "proposed_resolution": "Use HDMSpectra photon and antiproton spectra from the same Z nu / W l / h nu channels and recast published Fermi-LAT/CTA-era diffuse gamma-ray and AMS-02 antiproton decaying-DM lifetime limits to EeV masses, providing the complementary bound alongside the IceCube likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_00010_vector_portal_hidden_sector_emde_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-portal hidden-sector dark matter with an early matter-dominated era", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00010", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only a partial Fermi-LAT constraint exists: no packaged IGRB likelihood is available that accepts the decaying-DM-like morphology of microhalo-boosted hidden-sector annihilation, so the exclusion curves cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable Fermi-LAT high-latitude/IGRB likelihood module (e.g. within a framework like swordfish or a MadDM/DarkFlux-style indirect-detection interface) that takes m_X, <sigma v>, boost factor B_0, and annihilation spectrum and returns the exclusion, validated against the primary paper's curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_05608_evaporating_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Evaporating primordial black-hole dark matter as varying dark energy", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.05608", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The asteroid-window evaporation constraints that define where PBHs can be all of the dark matter are not implemented as a likelihood for this analysis (con_pbh_mass_evaporation_window has likelihood_available 'no' and recasting_needed 'yes'), and the paper notes the consensus on those bounds is unsettled.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the current gamma-ray/light-element/CMB evaporation bounds on f_PBH(M) in the 5e14-1e16 g range (e.g. from the standard PBH constraint compilations) and add them as a prior/likelihood mask on (M_in, f_PBH) in the MCMC, propagating the monochromatic-to-extended mass-function mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09458_two_component_scalar_fimp_charged_fermion_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Two-component scalar FIMP with charged-fermion mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09458", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable diffuse gamma-ray likelihood exists for a broadened two-photon spectral feature from a decaying dark-matter subcomponent; the card records partial likelihood availability with recasting needed, and existing line-search limits assume monochromatic single-component signals.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a spectral-feature likelihood from published Fermi-LAT and MeV-band diffuse flux measurements that convolves an arbitrary input dN/dE with instrument energy resolution and includes a decaying-fraction parameter, validated against the primary paper's inverse-width contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09458_two_component_scalar_fimp_charged_fermion_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Two-component scalar FIMP with charged-fermion mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09458", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast of LHC heavy-stable-charged-particle searches (Drell-Yan-produced long-lived charged fermion, lifetime-dependent acceptance) is available; the collider constraint is encoded only as the benchmark lower mass m_psi = 650 GeV with likelihood_available no.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS HSCP analyses for a Drell-Yan-produced charged SU(2)-singlet fermion in a recasting framework such as SModelS or CheckMATE, including mediator lifetime dependence, to obtain a mass-coupling exclusion beyond the single benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_05813_wimp_freezeout_degb_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "WIMP freeze-out in dEGB cosmology", "family": "wimp_nonstandard_cosmology", "arxiv": "2303.05813", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined likelihood exists to confront a dEGB parameter point with the joint constraint set: channel-specific indirect-detection limits are only partially available, the BBN-recovery requirement has no numerical likelihood, and the late-universe compact-object bounds on (alpha, gamma) are summarized rather than reproduced as usable exclusion data.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast pipeline that combines published Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods and the Planck CMB annihilation bound per channel with digitized dEGB compact-object exclusion contours from the GW literature, plus a simple BBN consistency criterion on H(T_BBN), so allowed/excluded regions become reproducible likelihood evaluations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_02851_extended_double_seesaw_wimp_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Extended double-seesaw WIMP-FIMP dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.02851", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the fraction-rescaled W_D constraints: the XENON1T/DarkSide-50 direct-detection, Fermi-LAT+MAGIC dwarf, Higgs-invisible, and Higgs signal-strength bounds are applied only as digitized exclusion curves rescaled by Omega_WD/Omega_Tot.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published limit curves and assemble a joint recast likelihood (e.g. within a GAMBIT-style or standalone framework) that applies relic-fraction rescaling consistently across the direct, indirect, and Higgs channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_00309_fermionic_scalar_portal_absorption_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic scalar-portal absorption dark matter", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.00309", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for keV fermionic-absorption electron-ionization signals in xenon TPCs; evaluating the XENONnT/LZ/PandaX-4T reach and the XLZD projection for the model's spectral line at E about m_chi requires atomic bound-electron response and detector efficiency curves not packaged with the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable absorption likelihood by combining atomic ionization form factors for xenon (DarkARC/QEdark-style bound-state wavefunction calculations) with published XENONnT/PandaX-4T efficiency and background models, exposing sigma_e versus m_chi limits and XLZD projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_03963_qcd_like_dark_pion_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-like dark-pion forbidden dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_pion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03963", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detection likelihood has been run for this model: LZ/XENONnT spin-independent limits and HESS/MAGIC multi-TeV gamma-ray limits are invoked only through the wino analogy, with no recast onto the composite dark-pion annihilation spectra and sigma_SI ~ 2e-47 cm^2 prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the dark-pion annihilation spectra (electroweak gauge-boson final states with Sommerfeld enhancement from gap_1), recast the published HESS/MAGIC Galactic-center likelihoods over 1-100 TeV, and compare the loop-level sigma_SI against public LZ/XENONnT limit curves with neutrino-floor bracketing.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1164_compressed_stau_no_scale_fsu5_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Compressed-stau No-Scale F-SU(5) bino neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1164", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No target-specific Fermi-LAT likelihood for the internal-bremsstrahlung endpoint feature and the gamma-gamma/gamma-Z lines near 133/145 GeV has been applied to this benchmark; the card records both indirect-detection constraints as likelihood_available partial with recasting required and no updated Fermi-LAT likelihood used.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the benchmark IB and line spectra through the public Fermi-LAT bin-by-bin dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (e.g. via MadDM or the released Fermi likelihood files) and the public Galactic-center line-search likelihood, with explicit J-factor systematics for the assumed density profiles.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_2162_bino_wino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-wino co-annihilation dark matter in high-scale SUSY", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.2162", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No ATLAS jets+MET analysis likelihood or cutflow is implemented for recasting the gluino cascade bound onto the bino-wino coannihilation spectrum; the card records likelihood_available = no and recasting_needed = yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast a current ATLAS jets+MET search using a public framework (CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5 with the published HistFactory likelihood) for gluino pair production with a bino LSP endpoint, reproducing the quoted 1.2 TeV bound as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_baryon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with baryon-number vector portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public end-to-end likelihood exists for the joint Galactic Center gamma-ray excess plus AMS-02 antiproton fit that this model targets; the card lists likelihood_available as approximate with no likelihood_reference, and cosmic-ray propagation uncertainties are unquantified in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood by combining a published GCE spectrum-with-covariance likelihood with an antiproton likelihood marginalized over GALPROP/DRAGON propagation parameters, and validate against the m_chi 50-100 GeV, m_Zprime 10-100 GeV allowed regions quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_hypercharge_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with hypercharge-vector portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public end-to-end likelihood exists for the joint Galactic Center gamma-ray excess plus AMS-02 antiproton fit that this model targets; the card lists likelihood_available as approximate with no likelihood_reference, and cosmic-ray propagation uncertainties are unquantified in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood by combining a published GCE spectrum-with-covariance likelihood with an antiproton likelihood marginalized over GALPROP/DRAGON propagation parameters, and validate against the hypercharge-portal allowed regions quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_04613_t1_2a_scotogenic_wimp_v1", "model_name": "T1-2A scotogenic WIMP dark matter model", "family": "scotogenic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04613", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The composite MCMC likelihood combining the Planck relic density, the XENON1T spin-independent limit, neutrino-oscillation inputs via Casas-Ibarra, and the charged-lepton-flavour-violation suite (mu -> e gamma, mu-e conversion, Z LFV) is not public, and the flavour-observable covariance was not reconstructed.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the joint likelihood in a public scanning framework (e.g. GAMBIT with DDCalc for XENON1T and FlavBit-style LFV likelihoods, fed by the SPheno low-energy observables), and verify it recovers the published 1.0-1.2 TeV doublet-fermion preferred region and 0.1-10 GeV compressed gaps.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_04613_t1_2a_scotogenic_wimp_v1", "model_name": "T1-2A scotogenic WIMP dark matter model", "family": "scotogenic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04613", "score": 30.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No point-by-point indirect-detection evaluation exists for the accepted scan points: annihilation spectra were not extracted, so the dwarf-spheroidal gamma-ray constraint can only be applied via generic WIMP-annihilation templates with assumed branching fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute per-point annihilation branching fractions and photon spectra with micrOMEGAs or MadDM from the regenerated model files, and evaluate them against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood (gamLike or the Fermi-LAT released likelihood profiles).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_13643_multipole_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multipole vector dark matter below the GeV scale", "family": "electromagnetic_multipole_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.13643", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment-level likelihoods are available for the final overlay step: sub-GeV direct-detection, indirect-detection, and cosmic-ray limits on the strongly momentum-dependent multipole scattering and annihilation are taken from published exclusion plots rather than recast statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the relevant sub-GeV direct-detection results with the model's q-dependent form-factor cross sections in a public likelihood framework, and combine with digitized CMB energy-injection and cosmic-ray annihilation limits per operator, reproducing the paper's conclusion that freeze-out survives only for toroidal/anapole operators.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_6838_u1prime_amsb_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal U(1)' strictly anomaly-mediated wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.6838", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmic-string constraints are frozen at WMAP7-era quoted bounds: there is no modern recast of the model's flat-direction-reduced Gmu, loop-size assumptions, and particle-decay fraction against current CMB, pulsar-timing-array stochastic gravitational-wave, and diffuse gamma-ray data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the string network with a public string CMB code (e.g. CMBACT-class spectra against Planck) and PTA stochastic-background likelihoods (NANOGrav/EPTA free-spectrum posteriors) over (Gmu, loop size, f_particles), adding the diffuse gamma-ray bound on the particle-emission fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1404_0236_mdm_u1x_cdm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "MDM U(1)_X cold dark matter with sterile-neutrino hot component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1404.0236", "score": 30, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No flux model or likelihood exists for the high-energy neutrino signal from chi annihilation to dark photons decaying to sterile neutrinos that oscillate to active neutrinos; the card cites only a qualitative IceCube cross-section comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the active-neutrino spectrum from chi chi -> X X with X -> nu_s nu_s and sterile-active oscillation probabilities, then recast published IceCube dark-matter annihilation neutrino-channel limits onto (m_chi, g_X, mixing angle).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1607_00004_nonthermal_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal higgsino dark matter from late decays", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.00004", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented gamma-ray likelihood pipeline exists for the nonthermal all-DM higgsino: the Fermi-LAT dwarf bound is only quoted from the source, not rerun against the model's electroweak annihilation spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods to higgsino WW/ZZ annihilation spectra from micrOMEGAs or PPPC4DMID, with the relic fraction from the nonthermal yield formula rescaling the flux.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_07723_su3d_triple_higgs_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(3)_D triple-Higgs dark matter with vector bound states", "family": "dark_sector_bound_state_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.07723", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood exists for the model's annihilation and bound-state-decay signal, which proceeds through dark-sector cascades (V8 V8 and B decays) whose photon spectra and dwarf/halo constraints have never been evaluated for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the photon/positron spectra from V8 cascade decays to SM final states via the kinetic mixing (PPPC-style spectra with an extra boost from the cascade kinematics) and evaluate them against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood with the model's velocity-dependent cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_03942_curvaton_ssr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Curvaton sound-speed-resonance primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1908.03942", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline confronts the model's narrow but finite-width PBH mass function with the full constraint envelope (microlensing, CMB, extragalactic gamma-ray, ultra-faint dwarf, and LVK merger-rate bounds); the card records only partial likelihood availability and figure-level comparisons.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the public PBHbounds monochromatic constraint tables with the standard extended-mass-function recasting method, add the LVK O3 merger-rate abundance likelihood and a PTA/LISA SIGW likelihood, and expose f_PBH(k_star, xi) exclusion as a single registry-callable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09458_two_component_scalar_fimp_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Two-component scalar FIMP Higgs-portal model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09458", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable gamma-ray likelihood spans the INTEGRAL/COMPTEL/EGRET/Fermi-LAT bands for the off-shell-Higgs decay spectra of a decaying scalar subcomponent with hierarchical or degenerate splittings; the card records only partial likelihood availability with recasting needed for masses down to about 1 MeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published keV-GeV diffuse and line-search gamma-ray limits into a common likelihood grid over lifetime, decaying-component mass, and mass splitting, with an explicit abundance-fraction parameter, validated against the primary paper's exclusion statements.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_10149_resonance_enhanced_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonance-enhanced light singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.10149", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public MeV gamma-ray forecast likelihood (instrument response, exposure, and astrophysical background model) exists for COSI or GECCO, so the paper's claim that the surviving 0.3-2 GeV window is efficiently testable cannot be turned into quantitative projected exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a forecast pipeline coupling Hazma-computed annihilation spectra to the released COSI response matrices and published GECCO effective-area curves with a galactic-center MeV background model, producing projected sigma_v_today limits over the 0.3-2 GeV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_02057_multicomponent_nonthermal_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Multi-component non-thermal flavon portal dark sector", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02057", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No interfaced likelihoods exist for the late-decay probes: BBN light-element injection from long-lived flavons, CMB energy injection from intermediate-lifetime chi_i decays, and gamma-ray/neutrino limits on semi-visible decays are all applied only as literature exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the decay-chain lifetimes and visible branching fractions to existing injection frameworks: an ACROPOLIS-class BBN code for tau_phi and visible flavon decays, ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for CMB energy injection from chi_i -> chi_j q q, and published decaying-DM gamma-ray/neutrino likelihoods for the semi-visible channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_02997_right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino dark matter with forbidden annihilation", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02997", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Fermi-LAT Galactic Center / Sgr A* likelihood is packaged for this forbidden-annihilation signal (likelihood_available is no, recasting_needed is yes), so the primary constraint cannot be re-evaluated at new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Fermi-LAT Sgr A* point-source spectral data used in 2003.10416 into a tabulated flux likelihood keyed to the predicted phi-decay photon spectrum, marginalizing over spike-slope nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_08095_scalar_driven_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-driven sterile-neutrino dark matter with an ultralight scalar", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08095", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "X-ray/gamma-ray line searches have no spatial templates or likelihood for a decay flux scaling as the line-of-sight integral of rho_DM^3 (density-dependent mixing from the local scalar field); published blank-sky, dwarf, and cluster line limits assume rho_DM scaling and cannot be reinterpreted directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct rho_DM^3 line-of-sight flux templates for standard targets (Milky Way halo, dwarfs, M31, clusters) from published density profiles, quantify the profile-uncertainty systematics amplified by the cubed scaling, and recast existing XMM/NuSTAR/Chandra line-search likelihoods with these templates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_09719_composite_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite neutrino-portal dark matter from a light hidden sector", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.09719", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined indirect-detection likelihood exists for the model's mixed annihilation final states: monochromatic-neutrino limits (Super-K/IceCube/ANTARES/KamLAND) and gamma-ray/positron/CMB energy-injection limits are only available as separate published exclusion curves, each assuming pure channels rather than the model's branching-dependent chi chi -> N N / nu nu spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast layer that computes the branching-weighted neutrino and secondary photon/positron spectra from N decays (using PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra-style spectral tables), rescales the published neutrino-line and Fermi/AMS/Planck CMB-injection limits accordingly, and combines them into an approximate joint likelihood over (m_chi, m_N, U_N).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_15718_ultralight_scalar_refractive_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight scalar dark matter with refractive neutrino masses", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.15718", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The astrophysical attenuation constraint is only a tau < 2.3 optical-depth criterion; no propagation calculation with line-of-sight halo profiles, source-spectrum models, flavor evolution, and their uncertainties exists for SN1987A and IceCube baselines.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend nuSQuIDS with the nu-phi scattering cross sections sigma_+/sigma_- on the scalar background, propagate SN1987A and TXS 0506+056 fluxes through Galactic and extragalactic density profiles, and wrap the result in a likelihood with profile and source nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13529_so10_mixed_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) mixed singlet-inert-doublet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13529", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood products (bin-by-bin likelihoods with J-factor priors) are not integrated into the indirect-detection route, leaving only a rough comparison to published limit curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Ingest the public Fermi-LAT dwarf bin-by-bin likelihood files and combine with the model's channel-weighted dN/dE spectra to produce a <sigma v> likelihood as a function of M_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_17144_majorana_lepton_number_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana dark matter from gauged lepton-number anomaly cancellation", "family": "lepton_number_gauge_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.17144", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented constraint evaluation exists for the Majoron sector: the BBN viability and photon-coupling bounds on (m_J, g_Jnunu, g_Jgammagamma) are stated qualitatively, with no recast of the long-lived Majoron's energy injection into BBN codes or of astrophysical/gamma-ray photon-coupling limits (con_majoron_lifetime_bbn likelihood_available 'no', recasting_needed 'yes').", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the Majoron abundance, lifetime, and neutrino/photon branching ratios into a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN) to map the excluded (m_J, tau_J) region, and overlay published ALP-like photon-coupling limits (cosmological, stellar, gamma-ray) translated to g_Jgammagamma.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0309652_light_collisional_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Light collisional cold dark matter", "family": "light_interacting_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0309652", "score": 30, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gamma-ray/radio bound on late S-wave annihilation of MeV-GeV light DM is stated as a requirement (S-wave suppression) without any extracted likelihood or recast pipeline connecting (m_dm, annihilation channel, velocity dependence) to indirect-detection data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the annihilation constraint with existing indirect-detection tooling: compute photon spectra for the light-DM channels (e.g. with Hazma/PPPC-style spectra for MeV-GeV masses) and evaluate against published diffuse gamma-ray (INTEGRAL/COMPTEL/Fermi) and radio likelihoods, packaged as a function of m_dm and the S-wave coefficient.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1212_0864_down_scattering_excited_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Down-scattering excited Dark Matter", "family": "excited_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.0864", "score": 29.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No coded likelihood exists for the model's central target, the joint INTEGRAL 511 keV flux plus Fermi-LAT 130/135 GeV line with the required O(10^6-10^7) cross-section hierarchy; the card records only an approximate paper-era flux fit with low robustness.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood combining the INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV bulge-morphology flux measurement and the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray line-search results, parameterized in (m_chi, sigma_v_511, sigma_v_135) with an explicit halo-profile J-factor nuisance, so the down-scattering rate and loop-level line rate can be fit simultaneously.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5300_goldstini_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Goldstini decaying dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5300", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern indirect-detection likelihood exists for this decaying leptophilic scenario: the tau ~ 1e26-1e27 s target was fit to historical PAMELA/Fermi excesses, and no AMS-02 positron, current Fermi-LAT gamma, or antiproton likelihood pipeline is assembled for the three-body spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Propagate the tabulated injection spectra with DRAGON or GALPROP and confront them with AMS-02 positron/antiproton data and Fermi-LAT diffuse and dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods, delivering lifetime limits versus m_Gprime and leptonic branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1405_7373_moduli_produced_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Moduli-produced wino or higgsino neutralino dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.7373", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No indirect-detection recast exists for the enhanced annihilation cross sections (up to ~1e-23 cm^3/s at T_rh ~ 5 MeV) required in the annihilation scenario; the constraint is recorded as recast_required with no exclusion curve for wino/higgsino final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the required <sigma v>(T_rh) relation against public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and Galactic-center likelihoods (and H.E.S.S./CTA for heavy winos) using standard annihilation spectra for WW/ZZ final states, mapping the excluded (T_rh, m_chi) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_08087_long_lived_mediator_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived mixed scalar-pseudoscalar mediator model with Dirac dark matter", "family": "long_lived_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.08087", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or sensitivity implementation exists to compare the predicted solar gamma-ray flux from long-lived mediator decays against HERD/LHAASO/Fermi solar observations; the route lists these as not ingested and the compare_searches step has no tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the HERD and LHAASO sensitivity curves and Fermi-LAT solar gamma-ray flux limits, and build a flux-comparison likelihood module that convolves the boosted Y -> gamma gamma box spectrum with each instrument's effective area and solar angular acceptance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04830_higgs_portal_scalar_hybrid_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs portal scalar hybrid dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04830", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public H.E.S.S. Galactic-center likelihood exists for the heavy-mass gamma-ray constraint on the surviving Higgs-portal coupling; only the Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood side of the indirect-detection comparison can be evaluated exactly, so the high-mass end of the coupling ceiling relies on digitized published limit curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an approximate H.E.S.S. Galactic-center likelihood by digitizing the published <sigma v> limit curves for the relevant final states (WW, hh, bb) and folding in the model's branching fractions and relic-fraction-squared rescaling, following existing GAMBIT-style H.E.S.S. recast practice.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_02018_very_supersymmetric_codecaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Very supersymmetric co-decaying dark sector", "family": "co_decaying_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.02018", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No final-state-specific decay-spectrum and likelihood pipeline exists for the metastable hidden fermion's gravitino-mediated decays: the Fermi-LAT IGRB and CMB energy-injection constraints are applied through an approximate mapping onto generic dark-matter decay spectra rather than spectra computed for the actual phi*-mediated multi-body final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the photon and e+e- spectra of psi -> gravitino + (on/off-shell phi -> SM) decays with PYTHIA showering (or HDMSpectra for heavy masses), then recast the Fermi-LAT IGRB decay limits and CMB injection bounds (e.g. via ExoCLASS/DarkAges) into a lifetime likelihood as a function of m, Delta m, and m_3/2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_13218_millicharged_excited_sfdm_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged excited-state scalar field dark matter halo", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.13218", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood (spectrum with covariance, or spectro-morphological template fit) exists for testing the millicharged-SFDM inverse-Compton prediction against the Fermi Bubbles; the current comparison is a qualitative benchmark against the plotted spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from the published Fermi-LAT Fermi-Bubble spectral data (digitized with quoted systematic bands) and add a morphology term comparing the predicted lobed excited-state emission map to the observed bubble templates, packaged as a simple chi-square/Gaussian likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_03693_cdf_iihdm_low_mass_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "CDF-II-favored inert two-Higgs-doublet scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.03693", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihood pipeline exists for the branch-specific experimental tests: PandaX-4T spin-independent recoil on the Higgs-resonance branch, HL-LHC soft-lepton/compressed searches for the SA-coannihilation branch, and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray plus AMS-02 antiproton constraints on the SS->WW* branch; the source comparisons are limit-curve overlays without statistics.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood around the existing micrOMEGAs/2HDMC pipeline: DDCalc for PandaX-4T (and XENONnT/LZ) SI limits, published Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods and AMS-02 antiproton likelihoods applied to micrOMEGAs WW* annihilation spectra, and CheckMATE/MadAnalysis recasts of compressed-spectrum electroweakino-like searches mapped to the inert scalars for the HL-LHC projection.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14981_dark_cluster_microhalo_clumps_v1", "model_name": "Dark cluster microhalo clumps", "family": "clumped_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14981", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The complementary macroscopic direct-detection channel has no usable recast: IceCube/DeepCore macroscopic-DM limits assume inelastic detector-visible deposition, and no mapping or likelihood exists for elastic multi-scatter signatures of dark clusters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the detector response (light yield per elastic multi-scatter transit) for dark clusters in large-volume detectors and recast the existing IceCube/DeepCore macroscopic-DM analysis into an (M, R, sigma_T/m_chi, f_chi) likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_04030_vector_scotogenic_hnl_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector Scotogenic HNL dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04030", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No gamma-ray likelihood has been recast for this model's leptonic HNL annihilation final states; the Fermi-LAT low-mass exclusion and CTA reach statements are inherited from the source paper without a rerun, so indirect-detection constraints cannot be independently evaluated or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate annihilation spectra for the N_L N_L to charged-lepton and vector-mediated channels (micrOMEGAs or PPPC4DMID tables) and evaluate them against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal binned likelihoods and CTA Galactic-center sensitivity curves over the (M_N, sigma_v) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05678_messenger_qed_like_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "QED-like dark sector with heavy scalar messengers", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05678", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or validated recast exists for translating the laboratory neutron dark-decay operator into neutron-star constraints for this model; the card marks the constraint recast_required with likelihood_available: no and dense-matter blocking effects unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the in-medium neutron-to-dark-fermion conversion rate including Pauli blocking and dark-sector self-interactions, fold it into a neutron-star equation-of-state solver, and publish a mapping from (operator coefficient, dark final-state masses) to allowed/excluded regions against observed two-solar-mass pulsars.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_14103_leptophilic_zprime_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic flavor-violating Zprime portal Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.14103", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection/CMB likelihood is implemented for the leptonic annihilation products: con_cmb_gamma_annihilation_limits has likelihood_available 'no', and the required 'indirect-detection likelihood mapper' listed in the route resources does not exist, so the noted low-mass CMB tension cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the micrOMEGAs channel-by-channel sigma_v_0 output into existing public likelihoods: compute p_ann for the CMB using ExoCLASS/DarkHistory energy-deposition efficiencies for charged-lepton final states, and apply Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood tables per annihilation channel, weighted by the model branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_1947_pbh_seeded_wimp_ucmh_boost_v1", "model_name": "PBH-seeded WIMP ultracompact minihalo boost scenario", "family": "wimp_ultracompact_minihalo_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.1947", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for a PBH-seeded UCMH source population against Fermi-LAT point-source and isotropic diffuse gamma-ray data or against charged-lepton spectra; existing constraints assume smooth halos or standard subhalo populations.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a population-synthesis likelihood that draws UCMH positions from the Galactic DM distribution, computes fluxes from the calibrated profile model, and compares to the Fermi-LAT point-source catalog and isotropic diffuse measurement, with GALPROP/DRAGON propagation for the leptonic channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_10173_vector_like_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like portal scalar dark matter with finite-fermion-mass radiative corrections", "family": "vector_like_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.10173", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No ready-to-use likelihood exists for the model's sharp gamma-ray spectral features (VIB plus line) as a function of (M_S, M_eta, y_f, portal flavor); the card records only partial gamma-ray likelihood availability and no machine-readable relic or direct-detection likelihood, so exclusion regions cannot be reproduced quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the public Fermi-LAT line/dwarf-spheroidal and HESS Galactic Center likelihoods onto the model's VIB+line spectra per portal flavor, and wire quark-philic direct-detection points through a DDCalc-style XENON likelihood including the loop-induced Higgs-portal contribution, exposing the result as a reusable per-flavor likelihood grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05663_hidden_higgs_portal_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden Higgs portal vector dark matter with two-step cascade annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05663", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Fermi-LAT Galactic-center and dwarf-spheroidal constraints have not been recast onto the cascade spectrum: the card marks con_1806_gce_dwarfs as recasting_needed with only a partial likelihood, and no combined GCE+dwarf+g-2 fit pipeline exists for this parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast pipeline feeding the gap_2 tabulated spectra into the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood tables (and a GCE spectrum likelihood with profiled diffuse-background systematics), combined with the type-X 2HDM Delta a_mu and lepton-universality constraints, to produce joint posteriors over (m_X, m_S, m_A, tan_beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_02403_su2_electroweak_alp_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)L electroweak ALP-portal Dirac dark matter", "family": "axion_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.02403", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined likelihood package maps this benchmark's parameter space (M_chi, M_a, f with C_aW = alpha_W T(R)/f) onto photon-line searches, CMB energy-injection bounds, and the LEP/LHC/fixed-target/flavor ALP searches; each constraint currently requires a manual paper-level recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast module combining digitized gamma-ray line limits (Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, H.E.S.S., COMPTEL, EGRET), CMB ionization bounds, and existing ALP-search compilations (e.g. ALPINIST-style tables) with the SU(2)L-benchmark branching-ratio calculator including W/Z/gamma-Z final states, exposing a per-point joint likelihood over (M_chi, M_a, f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_04002_su5_inflection_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) inflection-point inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.04002", "score": 27.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists for the PBH abundance constraint (likelihood_available: no): evaporation, microlensing, and gamma-ray bounds in the 10^17-10^18 g window are applied as monochromatic exclusion curves, not recast onto the model's extended mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the compiled public PBH constraint curves (PBHbounds-style compilation) onto the model's extended mass function using the standard extended-mass-function weighting, and expose the result as an f_PBH(M) likelihood over the inflaton parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_14152_dark_sink_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Dark Sink freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.14152", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB likelihood implementation exists for the Dark Sink sector: the dark-radiation constraint is applied only as quoted T'/T thresholds, and the CMB+BAO bounds on DM-SM interactions (baryon cooling, DM pressure, power suppression) are overlaid qualitatively rather than recomputed for this model's massless-dark-photon coupling to the electromagnetic current.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the sink sector in a Boltzmann code: add the light sink fermion as free-streaming dark radiation with temperature T' and the Coulomb-like DM-photon/baryon scattering (sigma proportional to v^-4 class of interacting-DM models already in CLASS) to CLASS, then run the Planck+BAO likelihood to replace the quoted thresholds with a proper posterior.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_1205_pseudo_familon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-familon dark matter", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.1205", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The decaying-DM cosmic-ray comparison rests on 2012-era PAMELA/Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. excess fits with only an approximate borrowed likelihood; no pipeline propagates the model's e-tau/mu-tau decay spectra and confronts them with modern AMS-02 positron-fraction and CALET/DAMPE e+e- data over (m_phi, tau_phi, branching fractions).", "proposed_resolution": "Generate e+/e- spectra for the e-tau and mu-tau final states with PYTHIA 8 (replacing PYTHIA 6.4), propagate with GALPROP or DRAGON2 with a marginalized diffusion setup, and build a likelihood against AMS-02 positron fraction and DAMPE/CALET total e+e- flux, including a pulsar background component.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_02666_nonthermal_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal two-component singlet-scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.02666", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood is available for the Fermi-LAT Galactic-center excess fit used to select M_phi2 (likelihood_available: no), so the gamma-ray target can only be compared by eye to the historical spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a published Galactic-center excess spectral likelihood with background-model covariance and evaluate the model's b bbar spectrum for M_phi2 in 50-80 GeV against it, marginalizing over the NFW normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_09345_twin_simps_v1", "model_name": "Twin SIMPs", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.09345", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gamma-ray requirement that meson mass splittings kinematically close present-day annihilation to SM final states is only an order-of-magnitude velocity comparison; no indirect-detection likelihood evaluates the splitting-dependent residual annihilation rate over the halo velocity distribution against Fermi-LAT-type limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the thermally averaged threshold-suppressed annihilation cross section as a function of mass splitting integrated over realistic halo velocity distributions, and compare with published gamma-ray annihilation limits (galactic center and dwarf spheroidal likelihoods) for the sub-GeV final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03762_cp_even_sneutrino_nmssm_type_i_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "CP-even sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM with Type-I seesaw", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03762", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined likelihood (Planck relic Gaussian, XENON1T upper limit, Fermi-LAT dwarf term, HiggsBounds/HiggsSignal and B-physics terms) exists only inside the authors' private EasyScan HEP setup; no reusable likelihood package or public posterior samples are released.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompose the scan likelihood in a public global-fit framework (e.g. GAMBIT or a released EasyScan HEP configuration) with documented priors and experimental terms, and publish the configuration plus posterior chains so the Bayesian evidence comparison can be reproduced and updated with newer data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_01111_neutrinophilic_alp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.01111", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No propagation-and-attenuation likelihood exists for supernova and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos traversing the neutrinophilic ALP dark-matter background: the card's astrophysical observable requires flavor- and distance-dependent modeling of scattering/decay on Galactic-to-extragalactic baselines against SN 1987A and IceCube-class data, which has not been assembled.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a transport calculation for neutrino spectra propagating through the ALP background (attenuation and flavor-ratio distortion as functions of g_alpha_beta, m_a, L_nu), and confront it with SN 1987A event counts and IceCube diffuse-flux/flavor-ratio measurements as binned likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_05090_axion_quark_nugget_survival_distribution_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter with survival-based size distribution", "family": "axion_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.05090", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No statistical likelihood exists for any AQN channel: macro flux limits, solar EUV/nanoflare energetics, and galactic diffuse/511 keV emission are all compared to data only at the order-of-magnitude level (likelihood_available: no for both constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Construct Poisson non-observation likelihoods for IceCube/ANITA/mica macro searches and template likelihoods for INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV and solar EUV data with explicit background models, parameterized in (B_min, alpha, B_cut, antinugget fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_scalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No neutrino-telescope likelihood is implemented for late-time halo annihilation chi chi -> phi phi followed by phi -> nu nu; the indirect-detection constraint is only qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published Super-Kamiokande and IceCube limits on dark-matter annihilation to neutrino final states onto the two-step phi-mediated spectrum (boosted box spectrum from phi -> nu nu), packaged as a likelihood over (m_chi, m_phi, <sigma v>_halo).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_12989_phantom_hidden_sector_sterile_neutrino_dm_creation_v1", "model_name": "Phantom hidden-sector sterile-neutrino dark matter creation", "family": "phantom_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12989", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The diffuse gamma-ray bound Lambda <= 18.8 MeV is a by-eye comparison of the predicted redshifted flux with the COMPTEL-region spectrum; no MeV diffuse-background likelihood is available (likelihood_available: no), so the cutoff bound cannot be assigned a rigorous confidence level or updated with newer data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a chi-square/Poisson likelihood over published COMPTEL and SPI diffuse MeV spectra (with astrophysical background modeling) that consumes the analytic dJ/dE prediction, and rerun the real- and complex-scalar-ghost cutoff limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0406076_branon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Branon dark matter with thermal and misalignment production", "family": "branon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0406076", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct and indirect search comparisons are anchored to circa-2004 detector sensitivities (DAMA, ZEPLIN 1, EDELWEISS; qualitative gamma/positron/neutrino prospects); no modern direct-detection or indirect-detection likelihood evaluation exists for the branon parameter plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed branon nucleon cross sections and annihilation spectra from the gap_1 implementation into DDCalc for LZ/XENONnT-class likelihoods and into public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and IceCube solar-capture likelihood tools, producing an updated combined f-M constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09446_hidden_sector_axion_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden sector axion portal dark matter with p-wave freezeout and s-wave three-mediator annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09446", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Only a binwise 95 percent flux-ceiling criterion is available for the Galactic Center point sources; no proper binned likelihood for the Fermi and H.E.S.S. spectra exists for this decay-in-spike signal, limiting statistical combination and parameter inference.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a binned Poisson/Gaussian likelihood from the published Fermi 3FGL and HESS J1745-290 spectral points with systematic nuisance parameters for the astrophysical point-source emission, replacing the binwise ceiling criterion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_4765_nonthermal_wino_lsp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal wino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.4765", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern cosmic-ray likelihood exists for the 180-200 GeV nonthermal wino interpretation: the card's constraints are PAMELA/Fermi-era spectral comparisons with likelihood_available 'no' or 'unknown', and no AMS-02 positron/antiproton or current Fermi dwarf/Galactic-center gamma-ray recast is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the wino W+W- annihilation signal against AMS-02 positron and antiproton data and current Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (public likelihood releases exist for the latter), scanning m_wino and <sigma v> with the reconstructed propagation setup from gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_0880_familon_like_wispy_pseudogoldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Familon-like WISPy pseudo-Goldstone dark matter", "family": "familon_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.0880", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood or detector model maps the oscillating scalar/pseudoscalar family-current couplings and flavor-changing decay rates onto laboratory data (clock/spin-precession comparisons, rare charged-lepton decay searches); the route explicitly lists 'none supplied in primary paper' and both observables lack a signal-to-data pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "For chosen family-current textures, derive the time-dependent fermion mass/spin coupling signal and recast existing ultralight-scalar laboratory likelihoods (atomic clock ratio, comagnetometer, and torsion-balance datasets) plus mu-to-e-gamma/mu-to-3e style rare-decay limits into bounds on (m_phi, f_X, T_+, T_-), packaged as a reusable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_04308_bl_type_iii_two_component_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-III-seesaw U(1) B-L model with two-component Dirac dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04308", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood is implemented for the two-component annihilation gamma-ray observable: the paper cites dwarf-spheroidal searches qualitatively, and no pipeline weights each component's spectrum by its relic fraction and confronts published Fermi-LAT likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate per-component annihilation spectra with micrOMEGAs/PPPC4DMID, weight each by (Omega_i/Omega_DM)^2, and evaluate against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal binned likelihoods to produce sigma-v limits for the benchmark scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_lmu_ltau_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic U(1) L_mu-L_tau charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for the model's cascade annihilation: applying Fermi-LAT dwarf limits to S S -> Z' Z' with mu/tau/neutrino-dominated L_mu-L_tau branching fractions requires computing the boosted photon spectrum (largely from muon/tau radiative decays), which the card encodes only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Use MadDM or PPPC4DMID mu/tau spectra boosted through the Z' two-body cascade to build the gamma-ray spectrum for L_mu-L_tau branching fractions, then evaluate the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods to produce <sigma v>_0 limits as a function of (m_S, m_Z_prime).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_pseudoscalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No neutrino-telescope likelihood is implemented for late-time halo annihilation chi chi -> phi phi followed by phi -> nu nu; the indirect-detection constraint is only qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published Super-Kamiokande and IceCube limits on dark-matter annihilation to neutrino final states onto the two-step phi-mediated spectrum (boosted box spectrum from phi -> nu nu), packaged as a likelihood over (m_chi, m_phi, <sigma v>_halo).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_09041_hidden_sector_cannibal_ecde_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector early cannibal-dominated dark matter cosmology", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.09041", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the boosted annihilation signal of ECDE microhalos to Fermi-LAT IGRB data for this model; the existing IGRB recast was built for early matter domination, not cannibal-modified spectra, and the primary paper explicitly leaves the constraint analysis to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the early-matter-domination IGRB recast of rel_2403_18893 to cannibal-era boost factors: compute the annihilation boost from the calibrated microhalo model and evaluate it against the Fermi-LAT isotropic gamma-ray background likelihood over (annihilation cross section, k_pk, cutoff scale).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_13950_triplet_fermion_dm_fast_expansion_v1", "model_name": "Type-III fermion triplet dark matter in a fast-expanding pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.13950", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The indirect-detection step relies on the source-quoted 1.5-2.7 TeV exclusion instead of a recomputed limit: the Sommerfeld-enhanced Sigma_1^0 annihilation cross section into W+W- is not calculated for the scanned masses and no Fermi-LAT (or H.E.S.S.) likelihood is run for the sub-1.5 TeV fast-expansion parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the Sommerfeld factors for the electroweak triplet (standard nonrelativistic potential treatment), generate W+W- gamma-ray spectra with a public spectrum tool, and evaluate them against the released Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood to produce a mass-dependent limit across the M_Sigma1 < 1.5 TeV scan region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_14052_scalar_mediator_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electron-philic scalar mediator with Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.14052", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No digitized likelihood or public recast pipeline exists for the NA64/LDMX missing-energy reach on the electron-specific scalar mediator with invisible decay to a Majorana DM pair; the paper's reach curves are undigitized and the detector acceptance model is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's production cross sections with a GEANT4-derived (or tabulated) positron track-length distribution and the published NA64 missing-energy signal efficiency, validate against the existing NA64 EOT 3.22e11 exclusion, and release a yield-to-limit recast covering (m_phi, m_chi, c_ee^phi, y_chi^phi) at the NA64e 5e12 and LDMX 1e15 EOT benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0504621_y_interacting_heavy_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Y-interacting fourth-generation heavy neutrino dark matter", "family": "long_range_interacting_heavy_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0504621", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gamma-ray constraint is anchored to historical EGRET diffuse-flux normalization with no reusable likelihood; no recast of the recombination-enhanced N anti-N annihilation flux against modern Fermi-LAT diffuse and dwarf-spheroidal data exists, so con_egret_alpha_y_floor is only a dated benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute annihilation photon spectra for the Z-mediated and yy channels with modern PYTHIA 8 or PPPC4DMID tables (replacing the paper's PYTHIA 6.2 spectra), scale by the Sakharov-enhanced rate and subdominant fraction f_N, and evaluate against public Fermi-LAT diffuse-emission and dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods to replace the EGRET-based alpha_y floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_14317_type_i_nmssm_sneutrino_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Type-I NMSSM sneutrino WIMP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.14317", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's composite likelihood scan is not reproducible as released: the exact priors, the joint Planck relic + XENON-1T SI/SD + Fermi-LAT dwarf + LHC Higgs/sparticle likelihood glue, and the Type-I NMSSM SARAH model files were not published, and the direct-detection term uses XENON-1T-era rather than current LZ/XENONnT limits, which matter for the narrow 125-135 GeV co-annihilation islands.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the pipeline openly: regenerate the Type-I NMSSM in SARAH/SPheno, couple micrOMEGAs to DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT), the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood, and HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals plus SModelS for the collider terms, then rerun the MultiNest scan and validate against the paper's profile-likelihood islands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_02033_z4_loop_suppression_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z4 sequential loop-suppression inert scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.02033", "score": 25.3, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LHC recast or likelihood exists for the vector-like exotic-fermion pair production with dijet/dilepton plus missing-energy final states; the paper supplies no cross-section tables or analysis mapping.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing ATLAS/CMS vector-like-lepton and slepton-like searches onto the exotic-fermion pair-production topology using MadGraph events passed through CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 recast cards.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_3540_higgs_philic_u1_sneutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-philic U(1)' right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.3540", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern cosmic-ray likelihood exists for the long-lived NLSP sneutrino decay signal: the positron/electron interpretation rests on historical PAMELA/ATIC/Fermi-LAT comparisons with no AMS-02-era propagation-plus-likelihood recast of the model's leptonic decay spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute NLSP decay spectra from the model files, propagate with GALPROP or DRAGON2 under current B/C-calibrated setups, and build an AMS-02 positron-fraction and antiproton likelihood (plus Fermi-LAT gamma-ray limits) for the (tau_NLSP, branching-fraction) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1102_0492_supersymmetric_leptophilic_higgs_singlino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric leptophilic Higgs singlino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1102.0492", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gamma-ray target is the 2011 Hooper-Goodenough Galactic Center excess interpretation with no implemented likelihood (likelihood_available: no); no modern Fermi-LAT Galactic Center likelihood or recast exists for this model's tau-dominated 7-10 GeV annihilation spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's tau+tau- (plus hadronic fraction) annihilation spectrum against current public Fermi-LAT Galactic Center and dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (e.g. the Fermi dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods), replacing the paper-era excess target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_1312_vib_bottom_philic_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Virtual-internal-bremsstrahlung Majorana dark matter coupled to right-handed bottom quarks", "family": "quark_philic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.1312", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Fermi-LAT spectral-feature likelihood exists for the b bbar gamma VIB endpoint template: the original optimized target-region analysis predates Pass 8 line searches, and the card states the likelihood must be rebuilt from data products for each recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the optimized target-region binned likelihood on current Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data with fermipy (or recast the published Fermi line-search likelihood curves onto VIB endpoint templates), and release it as a packaged likelihood scanning (m_chi, mu) with configurable halo J-factor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_04196_qyu_422_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quasi-Yukawa-unified 4-2-2 neutralino dark matter with non-universal gaugino masses", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.04196", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No statistical likelihood is implemented for any of the card's constraints (likelihood_available is 'no' for the WMAP relic window, direct-detection reach, and collider/flavor cuts); viability is judged by hard cuts and by comparing points to plotted historical XENON1T/CDMS/Super-K/IceCube curves rather than by evaluating current LZ/XENONnT direct-detection likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the QYU 4-2-2 scan output (sigma_SI, sigma_SD, m_chi) into DDCalc or the GAMBIT DarkBit likelihoods for LZ/XENONnT, and replace the hard relic-density window with a Planck-based Gaussian likelihood on Omega_CDM h^2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_03652_z_portal_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z-prime portal right-handed neutrino dark matter in minimal gauged U(1) B-L", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.03652", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No decaying-DM gamma-ray likelihood is wired up for the eW/nu_e Z/nu_e h cascade channels of a 3 TeV RHN: the Fermi-LAT lifetime bound quoted in the card (a few times 1e28 s, making the DAMPE-fit lifetime marginal) cannot be re-evaluated with current dwarf, Galactic-halo, and extragalactic data.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine HDMSpectra photon yields for chi -> eW, nuZ, nuh with published Fermi-LAT diffuse and dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (recast from annihilation to decay with the appropriate line-of-sight D-factors) into a tau_DM(m_DM, branching fractions) likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_03652_z_portal_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z-prime portal right-handed neutrino dark matter in minimal gauged U(1) B-L", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.03652", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmic-ray likelihood exists for the DAMPE electron-plus-positron peak from decaying 3 TeV RHN DM; the fit requires a propagation setup, background model, and the nearby-subhalo enhancement assumed by the paper, none of which is available as a reusable pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a DAMPE e+e- spectral likelihood using DRAGON or GALPROP propagation with an injection term from chi -> eW decay spectra (HDMSpectra), a parameterized local-subhalo density profile, and the published DAMPE data points with correlated background nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_06785_pbh_running_indices_md_asteroid_full_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass PBH dark matter from running-index inflation in early matter domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1802.06785", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "PBH abundance constraints are applied as approximate monochromatic exclusion curves; no machine-readable likelihood set with a proper extended-mass-function treatment exists for the evaporation gamma-ray, microlensing, and dynamical bounds relevant to the asteroid-mass window.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the public PBHbounds-style constraint curves with the standard extended-mass-function convolution method into a likelihood table over (alpha_s, beta_s, T_R), replacing the monochromatic proxy noted in the card's assumptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04512_asymmetric_dark_matter_nuggets_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter nuggets with scalar and vector forces", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04512", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented CMB/photon-flux likelihood pipeline accepts this model's injection history from Higgs-mixed scalar mediator decays and fusion byproducts, so the indirect-detection constraint on mixing angle and lifetime cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's decay/fusion injection spectra into DarkHistory or ExoCLASS to compute deposition efficiencies f_c(z), and evaluate against the Planck energy-injection likelihood and galactic photon-flux limits over (mediator mass, mixing angle, lifetime, byproduct abundance).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_00490_z4_singlet_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z4 singlet Majorana fermion dark matter tied to type-I seesaw", "family": "singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.00490", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable direct-detection likelihood implementation exists for this model: the LUX/XENON1T spin-independent constraint is applied only by eye against published exclusion curves, so updated or statistically combined recasts (including the destructive-interference regions between the two mixed scalars) cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z4 model (Majorana fermion plus two mixed scalars) as micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files, compute sigma_SI with standard nucleon form factors, and couple it to the public DDCalc likelihoods for LUX, XENON1T, and successor experiments to produce a proper pass-fail/likelihood surface over (M_chi, alpha, m_H_light, u).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03762_cp_odd_sneutrino_nmssm_type_i_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "CP-odd sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM with Type-I seesaw", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03762", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined likelihood (Planck relic Gaussian, XENON1T upper limit, Fermi-LAT dwarf term, HiggsBounds/HiggsSignal and B-physics terms) exists only inside the authors' private EasyScan HEP setup; no reusable likelihood package or public posterior samples are released for the CP-odd scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompose the scan likelihood in a public global-fit framework (e.g. GAMBIT or a released EasyScan HEP configuration) with documented priors and experimental terms, and publish the configuration plus posterior chains so the CP-even versus CP-odd evidence comparison can be reproduced and updated with newer data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_11021_ddm_mathusla_toy_ensemble_v1", "model_name": "Dynamical dark matter MATHUSLA toy ensemble", "family": "dynamical_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.11021", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological decay likelihood exists that handles a multi-component ensemble with a spectrum of abundances and lifetimes: BBN, CMB, and diffuse X-ray/gamma-ray background limits are stated qualitatively via the abundance-lifetime balancing criterion but never evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a wrapper that sums per-component energy injection histories and evaluates them against existing single-species tools — ACROPOLIS for BBN, ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for CMB energy injection, and published diffuse-background decaying-DM bounds — interpolated over the ensemble's (Omega_n, tau_n, branching) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_00443_landscape_susy_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "Landscape SUSY DFSZ mixed axion-neutralino dark matter", "family": "mixed_axion_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.00443", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented indirect-detection likelihood pipeline exists for the neutralino subcomponent: the Fermi-LAT+MAGIC dwarf-galaxy limit must be rescaled by the model-dependent WIMP fraction xi_chi and recomputed for higgsino-like annihilation channels, and this recast has not been coded.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods (e.g. via gamLike or MadDM's Fermi module) to the route output, rescaling the annihilation flux by xi_chi^2 and using higgsino-like WW/ZZ/hh spectra from PPPC4DMID, reproducing the excluded WIMP-fraction band of the primary paper as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_01457_pre_emd_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pre-early-matter-domination freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter_nonstandard_thermal_history", "arxiv": "1909.01457", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No recast connects the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods to this scenario's low, channel-unspecified annihilation rate <sigma_ann v>_f: the published limits apply to standard radiation-dominated thermal WIMP benchmarks, so the quantitative (non-)exclusion of the pre-EMD freeze-in and early-equilibrium regimes is not evaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Choose representative annihilation channels (e.g. b bbar, tau tau), and reapply the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods directly to the (m_chi, <sigma_ann v>_f) plane of this scenario, overlaying the relic-consistent contours from the pre-EMD yield calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_04304_u1_emu_dirac_leptophilic_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_{e-mu} Dirac leptophilic dark matter with two-loop neutrino masses", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.04304", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released likelihood exists for the CALET/AMS-02 electron-positron spectral-step fit, including the single-young-pulsar background component on which the 95 CL limits and the 390 GeV best fit depend.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the spectral fit from public CALET and AMS-02 data releases with a DRAGON/GALPROP propagation setup and a parameterized pulsar background, and package it as a reusable likelihood module with documented background nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_spinor_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spinor freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The SN1987A cooling constraint enters only as a quoted analytic bound on epsilon; no supernova transport calculation or likelihood covers this model's dark photon plus light dark-sector fermions (which open trapping/re-absorption channels), and the bound is unreliable outside the MeV mediator window.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun a supernova energy-loss calculation (following the Chang-Essig-McDermott style dark-photon luminosity treatment) including production and trapping of the dark photon with its decay to the chi_1 chi_2 pair, and publish the resulting exclusion as an (epsilon, m_V, e_D) mask usable as a route overlay.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_05487_rpv_axiogenesis_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "RPV axiogenesis axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.05487", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No proton-decay recast exists for the SU(5)-motivated dimensionless RPV textures: the sfermion-mass lower bound (O(10-100) TeV for f_a of 1e8-1e11 GeV) is a text-level estimate with no likelihood tied to Super-Kamiokande/Hyper-Kamiokande kaon-mode data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the p -> K nu (and related) partial widths as functions of the RPV texture and sfermion spectrum and package them against published Super-K limits and Hyper-K projections as a simple Poisson-limit likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_05487_rpv_axiogenesis_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "RPV axiogenesis axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.05487", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN upper bound from late LSP decays is quoted qualitatively; no calculation links the RPV-determined LSP lifetime and hadronic/electromagnetic injection to a quantitative BBN abundance constraint for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the electroweakino LSP decay spectra through the RPV operators and feed them into an existing late-decay BBN code (ACROPOLIS-class) to map the excluded (LSP lifetime, abundance) region onto the sfermion-mass/f_a plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11072_conformal_bl_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Conformal B-L pseudo-Goldstone dark matter", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11072", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No IceCube decaying-dark-matter likelihood is available for the dominant two-neutrino decay channel over the model's 1e5-1e13 GeV mass range; the card records likelihood_available: no and only a cited limit, so the tau_DM > 1e28 s viability region cannot be re-evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published IceCube decaying-DM lifetime limit for the nu nu channel (or wrap a public IceCube point-source/diffuse likelihood) into a lifetime-mass likelihood, using HDMSpectra decay spectra and a standard NFW halo D-factor with profile uncertainty.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_14052_spin2_mediator_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electron-specific spin-2 mediator with light Dirac dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.14052", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No digitized likelihood or public recast pipeline exists for the NA64/LDMX missing-energy reach on the electron-specific spin-2 mediator with invisible decay to a Dirac DM pair; the paper's reach curves are undigitized and the detector acceptance model is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's spin-2 production cross sections with a GEANT4-derived (or tabulated) positron track-length distribution and the published NA64 missing-energy signal efficiency, validate against the existing NA64 EOT 3.22e11 exclusion, and release a yield-to-limit recast covering (m_G, m_chi, c_ee^G/Lambda, c_chi^G/Lambda) at the NA64e 5e12 and LDMX 1e15 EOT benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01675_present_decaying_lepton_q_ball_v1", "model_name": "Present-decaying lepton-number SUSY Q-ball dark-matter subcomponent", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.01675", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for confronting the decaying-Q-ball MeV spectrum (67.5 MeV line plus sub-50 MeV continuum) and 511 keV positron signal with data: the paper compares raw fluxes to COMPTEL 1-30 MeV and EGRET 30-100 MeV diffuse observations without astrophysical background modeling, so Omega_Q bounds are order-of-magnitude only.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Galactic decaying-dark-matter likelihood for the inner-Galaxy MeV band using COMPTEL/EGRET (and INTEGRAL/SPI for 511 keV) data with a GALPROP-based diffuse background model and an NFW decaying-subcomponent template, parameterized by (Omega_Q, tau_Q, injected spectrum); this would also serve future MeV missions such as COSI.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0411076_low_tension_branon_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Low-tension brane-world branon WIMP dark matter", "family": "branon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0411076", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "All search constraints are frozen at the 2004/2005 landscape with no machine-readable likelihoods: collider limits are undigitized Table 1 entries, direct detection is a historical DAMA/ZEPLIN/EDELWEISS insensitivity statement, and no modern mono-X, direct, indirect, or precision-loop likelihood exists for the M-f plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the gap_1 model files, recast current LHC mono-photon/monojet analyses with MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE within EFT-valid kinematics, evaluate LZ/XENONnT direct-detection likelihoods through DDCalc and Fermi-LAT dwarf/IceCube solar-capture likelihoods for indirect channels, and encode the published virtual-branon g-2/four-fermion formulas with explicit cutoff dependence as a precision-observable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_fermion_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 24.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or collider recast exists for the feeble moduli-portal couplings of the fermionic FIMP: likelihood_available is no/unknown for all constraints and no recoil or collider rate calculation appears in the read text, so the laboratory observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nucleon-level scattering cross section induced by real and axial modulus exchange (via the Higgs and gauge-boson couplings), recast it through public direct-detection likelihoods (e.g. DDCalc against LZ and XENONnT), and map collider null searches onto the (m_X, m_phi, Lambda) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with Higgs scalar portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public end-to-end likelihood exists for the joint Galactic Center gamma-ray excess plus AMS-02 antiproton fit that this model targets; the card lists likelihood_available as approximate with no likelihood_reference, and cosmic-ray propagation uncertainties are unquantified in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood by combining a published GCE spectrum-with-covariance likelihood with an antiproton likelihood marginalized over GALPROP/DRAGON propagation parameters, and validate against the Higgs-portal allowed regions quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0708_3983_bl_rh_sneutrino_inflaton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "B-L right-handed sneutrino inflaton dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0708.3983", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled IceCube solar-capture likelihood exists for this model's mostly-leptonic B-L annihilation final states; only event-rate comparisons in related papers are available, and the neutrino-transport plus effective-area recast has not been packaged.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast chain from DarkSUSY capture rates through WimpSim/nuSQuIDS neutrino yields for leptonic channels into the public IceCube solar-WIMP effective areas, and package it as a reusable likelihood for (m_N, sigma_p, branching fractions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_5243_gmsb_nmssm_light_heavy_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated NMSSM light and heavy dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.5243", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmic-ray propagation or gamma-ray constraint pipeline is configured for the Sommerfeld-enhanced TeV heavy dark sector annihilating/decaying through the sub-GeV dark boson; the paper only flags the gamma-ray issue qualitatively and provides no likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the e+/e- and gamma spectra of the dark-boson cascade (dark-photon spectra plus Pythia showering), propagate charged cosmic rays with GALPROP or DRAGON2, and confront Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and Galactic-center likelihoods plus CMB energy-injection limits for the Sommerfeld-enhanced cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_6135_h_parity_stable_higgs_gauge_higgs_unification_v1", "model_name": "H-parity stable Higgs dark matter in SO(5) x U(1) gauge-Higgs unification", "family": "stable_higgs_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.6135", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider consequences (modified Higgs/fermion/gauge couplings, KK spectrum, H-parity-forbidden decays) have never been recast against LHC searches for this model, so no exclusion on (theta_H, z_L, m_KK) exists beyond the model-internal selection rule.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the model implementation from gap_1, recast LHC Higgs-coupling global fits (kappa framework) and KK-resonance/electroweakino-like searches via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis onto the (theta_H, z_L) plane, verifying that H-parity forbids single-odd-state decays in generated events.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_2839_anomalous_u1_supersymmetric_radiative_seesaw_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) supersymmetric radiative seesaw dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2839", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the decaying-N_1 indirect signatures: neither a gamma-ray line search recast at E_gamma=(M1^2-m_chi^2)/(2 M1) for a decaying (not annihilating) TeV component with sub-unity abundance fraction, nor a charged-lepton (positron/electron) spectrum comparison including propagation.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published Fermi-LAT line-search and AMS-02/Fermi charged-lepton limits for decaying dark matter, rescaling by the N_1 abundance fraction; use an existing propagation code (GALPROP or DRAGON) for the charged-lepton channel and package the result as a tau_N1(M1, m_chi) lower-bound likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5105_secluded_u1_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Secluded U(1)' neutralino dark matter benchmarks", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5105", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LHC recast exists for the secluded U(1)' multilepton plus missing-energy cascades: current electroweakino/sneutrino search interpretations assume MSSM topologies, not the enlarged neutralino sector with five extra neutral fermions.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate benchmark events with MadGraph/Pythia/Delphes from the re-implemented model and recast current ATLAS/CMS multilepton+MET electroweakino searches in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, reporting exclusion likelihoods for the benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_0835_fsu5_nonuniversal_higgs_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) non-universal-Higgs neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0835", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The solar muon-flux prediction is only compared against IceCube 22-string limit curves; no likelihood with current IceCube/DeepCore effective areas, thresholds, and per-channel (W+W-, tau+tau-) neutrino yields exists for this flipped-SU(5) scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach a public solar-WIMP likelihood built on IceCube data releases (nulike-style event-level likelihood, updated to current 86-string/DeepCore analyses) fed by DarkSUSY capture rates and WimpSim/charon neutrino yields per annihilation channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_0835_fsu5_uh_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5)-UH neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0835", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The solar muon-flux prediction is only compared against IceCube 22-string limit curves; no likelihood with current IceCube/DeepCore effective areas, thresholds, and per-channel (W+W-, tau+tau-) neutrino yields exists for this flipped-SU(5)-UH scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach a public solar-WIMP likelihood built on IceCube data releases (nulike-style event-level likelihood, updated to current 86-string/DeepCore analyses) fed by DarkSUSY capture rates and WimpSim/charon neutrino yields per annihilation channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1112_4030_two_component_conversion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Interacting two-component dark matter conversion model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1112.4030", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmic-ray constraint rests on historical PAMELA/Fermi-LAT/HESS excesses with no likelihood; no modern recast against AMS-02 positron/electron data (and associated gamma-ray/CMB annihilation bounds for a leptophilic TeV candidate) exists for the boosted chi_1 annihilation source term.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the leptonic injection spectra (e.g. with PPPC4DMID or HDMSpectra tables for the triplet-scalar leptonic final states), propagate with DRAGON or GALPROP marginalizing over propagation nuisances, and fit AMS-02 positron and electron spectra, cross-checking against Fermi dwarf-spheroidal and Planck CMB annihilation likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_2699_asymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric higgsino dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.2699", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood has been connected to the regenerated symmetric higgsino component: the sigma_ann v ~ 1e-26 (1 TeV/mu)^2 cm^3/s WW/ZZ rate weighted by the symmetric fraction has not been evaluated against Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal or CTA-class likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the symmetric-fraction output of the gap_1 solver into the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood (WW/ZZ spectra from PPPC4DMID) to bound the (mu, m0) plane, rescaling the annihilation signal by the square of the symmetric fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_2253_pure_gravity_mediation_wino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pure gravity mediation neutral wino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2253", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public antiproton likelihood with marginalized propagation and halo uncertainties exists for the wino W-pair channel; the card's PAMELA/AMS constraint is a low-robustness upper-limit interpretation requiring full recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an AMS-02 antiproton likelihood for the WW channel using a DRAGON2- or GALPROP-based propagation grid with propagation parameters marginalized against B/C data, released as tabulated likelihood grids in (m_wino, <sigma v>).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_1312_vib_muon_philic_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Virtual-internal-bremsstrahlung Majorana dark matter coupled to right-handed muons", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.1312", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Fermi-LAT spectral-feature likelihood exists for the mu+ mu- gamma VIB endpoint template: the original optimized target-region analysis predates Pass 8 line searches, and the card states the likelihood must be rebuilt from data products for each recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the optimized target-region binned likelihood on current Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data with fermipy (or recast the published Fermi line-search likelihood curves onto VIB endpoint templates), and release it as a packaged likelihood scanning (m_chi, mu) with configurable halo J-factor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_1312_vib_tau_philic_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Virtual-internal-bremsstrahlung Majorana dark matter coupled to right-handed tau leptons", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.1312", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Fermi-LAT spectral-feature likelihood exists for the tau+ tau- gamma VIB endpoint template: the original optimized target-region analysis predates Pass 8 line searches, and the card states the likelihood must be rebuilt from data products for each recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the optimized target-region binned likelihood on current Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data with fermipy (or recast the published Fermi line-search likelihood curves onto VIB endpoint templates), and release it as a packaged likelihood scanning (m_chi, mu) with configurable halo J-factor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1685_zee_babu_u1bl_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Zee-Babu global U(1) B-L complex scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1685", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gamma-line observable is anchored to the tentative Fermi-LAT 130 GeV line target (likelihood_available no); no current gamma-ray line-search likelihood or updated limit recast for X_R X_R -> gamma gamma exists on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the historical line target with current Fermi-LAT (and H.E.S.S.) line-search upper limits on <sigma v>_gamma_gamma at m_R ~ 130 GeV, implemented as a likelihood over the model's predicted line rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_08399_extra_modulus_diluted_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extra-light-modulus dilution of nonthermal LSP dark matter in mirage mediation", "family": "supersymmetric_nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.08399", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented pipeline connects the diluted nonthermal LSP scenario to modern direct-, indirect-, and collider-search likelihoods; existing neutralino tools assume a thermal history and need the entropy-dilution rescaling and a concrete wino/Higgsino benchmark spectrum wired in.", "proposed_resolution": "Build benchmark mirage-mediation spectra with a public spectrum generator, feed them to micrOMEGAs for rates, and apply DDCalc-style direct-detection and Fermi-LAT dwarf indirect-detection likelihoods with the relic fraction fixed by the moduli-dilution calculation instead of thermal freeze-out.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_scalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with scalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Fermi Galactic Center gamma-ray likelihood or per-channel <sigma v> limit tables exist for the mediator-mixing-weighted SM final states, so the indirect-detection route cannot produce quantitative pass/fail results.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published Fermi LAT Galactic Center and dwarf-spheroidal limits into per-channel <sigma v>(m_d) tables (using the public Fermi dSph likelihood release) and weight them by the MicrOMEGAs branching fractions of each scan point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_02347_cosmic_selection_rule_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-selection-rule SU(N)d glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02347", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gamma/X-ray constraint is applied as a single approximate lifetime floor (tau_phi > ~1e28 s) rather than an energy-dependent likelihood over the glueball mass range, so the m_Q lower bound inherits an unquantified uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published X-ray and gamma-ray decaying-dark-matter lifetime limits as a function of photon energy into a lookup table spanning the relevant m_phi range, and apply the loop-induced two-photon branching fraction to convert them into (m_phi, m_Q, N_d) exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_00372_dark_u1d_breit_wigner_leptophilic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark U(1)_D Breit-Wigner leptophilic dark matter model", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00372", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists to quantitatively re-evaluate the DAMPE/AMS-02 CRE fit and the Fermi-LAT dwarf-galaxy compatibility for this model's specific leptonic branching pattern (0.484/0.508/0.008); the paper's DRAGON-embedded MCMC setup is not released, so the constraints step can only reproduce qualitative compatibility arguments.", "proposed_resolution": "Package a DAMPE+AMS-02 CRE likelihood module (e.g. within GAMBIT/DarkBit or a standalone python likelihood) with a DRAGON or GALPROP propagation wrapper, and recast the public Fermi-LAT dwarf bin-by-bin likelihood tables against PPPC spectra for the fitted branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04729_hidden_u1h_bosonic_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1)_H bosonic H2 dark matter for radiative neutrino mass", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04729", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the DAMPE e+e- feature from Z'-pair-mediated four-lepton annihilation: the flux normalization depends on an unmodeled nearby-subhalo assumption and no cosmic-ray propagation recast is packaged.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline that convolves the four-lepton annihilation spectrum (e.g. from micrOMEGAs/PPPC spectra) with a GALPROP/DRAGON propagation model and an explicit local-subhalo flux model, and package the DAMPE spectral fit as a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_04858_primordial_extremal_black_hole_dark_electromagnetism_v1", "model_name": "Primordial extremal black holes with dark electromagnetism", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1906.04858", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No IceCube/HAWC transient likelihood is implemented for short high-energy neutrino and gamma-ray bursts from evaporating merger remnants; the route lists all three detector likelihoods as unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a burst-search likelihood from published IceCube transient point-source and HAWC PBH-burst analyses, taking the predicted burst spectrum and R_merge as inputs and returning expected event counts against the measured burst-rate limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_10148_decaying_superheavy_dm_icecube_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Decaying super-heavy dark matter explanation of IceCube PeV neutrinos and baryon asymmetry", "family": "decaying_superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.10148", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No IceCube likelihood or exposure model is implemented: the constraint is an ad hoc chi-square over selected published flux points (sometimes including pink-band points), and the card documents that changing the selection moves the best-fit M_X between 1e7 and 1e11 GeV, so the mass/lifetime posterior is not robustly evaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Poisson event-level likelihood from the public IceCube HESE 7.5-year data release (effective areas, energy-zenith response) for the summed Galactic plus extragalactic decay flux, marginalizing over an astrophysical power-law component, replacing the point-selection chi-square.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_14922_z5_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z5 two-component scalar dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.14922", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented Fermi dwarf-spheroidal likelihood recast exists for the Z5 model's abundance-weighted mixed-component and semi-annihilation channels (xi_i xi_j <sigma v>_ij into phi_k h final states); the published single-channel bb-bar/WW limit curves used in the paper do not directly apply to the boosted-Higgs spectrum from semi-annihilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate photon spectra for each phi_i phi_j -> phi_k h and annihilation channel with micrOMEGAs/PPPC4DMID, weight them by the micrOMEGAs relic fractions, and evaluate the summed spectrum against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihood tables (e.g. via the gamLike/DDCalc-style interface used in GAMBIT).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_10514_z2_z2_two_inert_doublet_3hdm_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2 x Z2 two-inert-doublet 3HDM two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.10514", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No statistical likelihoods are wired to any of the model's constraints: Planck relic density, XENON1T SI scattering (which needs per-component local-fraction rescaling), and Fermi-LAT/PAMELA annihilation limits are all applied as digitized exclusion curves with likelihood_available 'no', preventing a proper global fit of the two-component parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model to an existing global-fit framework (e.g. a GAMBIT model entry) whose DarkBit likelihoods already implement Planck, XENON1T, and Fermi dwarf-spheroidal statistics, extending the direct- and indirect-detection likelihoods to rescale each component by Omega_i/Omega_T.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_06392_so10_fermion_triplet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10)-embedded fermion triplet dark matter", "family": "fermion_triplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.06392", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "None of the three constraints carries a likelihood (all likelihood_available: no): PandaX-II/XENON1T/LUX direct limits, the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray limit, and the Super-K proton-decay bound are applied only as quoted exclusion statements, so no quantitative confrontation of the model is possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble DDCalc likelihoods for the xenon experiments, the public Fermi-LAT dwarf/Galactic-center likelihood for the W+W- channel with Sommerfeld-corrected <sigma v>, and a Poisson likelihood from the Super-Kamiokande p -> pi0 e+ exposure for tau_p.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_06065_axion_monodromy_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supergravity axion-monodromy sharp-turn primordial black-hole dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2205.06065", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast machinery exists in the route for confronting the model's multi-peaked extended PBH mass functions with evaporation-era bounds (BBN, CMB, gamma-ray, Voyager) or its oscillatory P_R(k) with Planck feature constraints; both constraints carry likelihood_available no and recasting_needed yes, and the paper itself states exact extended-mass-function bounds were not evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a constraint pipeline that applies the standard extended-mass-function recasting method to public monochromatic bound compilations (PBHbounds-class data) for the model's multi-peak spectra, and couples the PyTransport-computed P_R(k) to the Planck 2018 likelihood via a primordial-spectrum input to CLASS/CAMB to test CMB-scale oscillation viability.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_00644_alp_mediated_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP-mediated Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00644", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The visible-sector exclusions (SLAC beam dump, NA62/NA48/2 and B-decay searches, SN1987A and globular-cluster energy loss) exist only as a recalculated overlay figure in the primary paper; no digitized constraint curves or packaged likelihood is available for this specific fermion-coupled DFSZ-like ALP mediator.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the model-specific exclusion curves and re-derive them within a public ALP-limits framework (recasting beam-dump, rare K/B decay, and stellar/SN energy-loss bounds with the DFSZ-like fermionic coupling pattern and loop-induced gauge couplings), packaged as reusable (m_a, g_aff) exclusion tables.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_11222_post_recombination_superheavy_scalar_graviton_decay_v1", "model_name": "Post-recombination superheavy scalar dark matter decaying to gravitons", "family": "superheavy_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.11222", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood is available for the diffuse gamma-ray comparison: the LHAASO diffuse-flux constraint used as reference was built for ALP conversion, and no released likelihood, exposure, or background model applies to the converted-graviton spectral shape of this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a binned likelihood from the published LHAASO diffuse gamma-ray flux measurements with a Galactic diffuse-emission background model, parameterized by (M_phi, Gamma, Omega_gw h0^2) times the conversion probability, and validate by reproducing the primary paper's order-unity-abundance sensitivity estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13009_near_continuum_z_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-continuum Z-portal dark matter", "family": "continuum_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13009", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No collider analysis implementation or likelihood exists for near-continuum Z-portal cascades: standard recast chains have no signal region tuned to soft high-multiplicity fermions plus missing energy with possible displaced vertices, no MadGraph-style model file handles the dense KK tower, and LHC limits were deferred by the authors.", "proposed_resolution": "Pipe VegasMC_WIC LHE output through Pythia/Delphes into MadAnalysis or CheckMATE, recasting existing electroweakino compressed-spectrum, soft-lepton, and displaced-vertex searches, and publish the resulting exclusion in (mu0, theta2, R_inverse); extend the event generation to hadron-collider initial states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_04158_slow_fopt_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from slow supercooled first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.04158", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood converts the model's extended PBH mass function into an exclusion in the (beta/H_0, T_reh) plane; the constraint step relies on overlaying public monochromatic PBH limit curves, which the card notes require recasting for extended mass functions and tails.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public PBH constraint compilation to an extended-mass-function recast tool that convolves the critical-collapse mass function with evaporation/BBN, gamma-ray, microlensing, lensing, and accretion limit curves and returns f_PBH exclusions per phase-transition parameter point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_11288_vector_mediated_bound_state_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated bound-state-forming WIMP dark matter", "family": "bound_state_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.11288", "score": 23.7, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection or unitarity recast exists translating the Sommerfeld- and bound-state-enhanced late-time annihilation of this model into gamma-ray, CMB energy-injection, or cosmic-ray limits; the card records this only as a recast-required constraint with no likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the velocity-averaged enhanced annihilation plus bound-state-decay spectra for halo velocity distributions and recast against existing Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal limits and Planck energy-injection constraints (via ExoCLASS), scanning m_chi, m_V, alpha over the relic-viable surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_6403_light_moduli_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light moduli dark matter with anthropically selected abundance", "family": "moduli_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6403", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, reusable X-ray line-search likelihood exists for a generic two-photon-decaying scalar: the Suzaku Draco/Ursa Minor analysis lives only in the primary paper, and external Chandra/Suzaku/Fermi-GBM line searches are published as sterile-neutrino mixing-angle limits that must be converted to a generic decay width before they constrain (m_phi, tau_phi, f_phi).", "proposed_resolution": "Build an XSPEC/HEAsoft-based line-flux likelihood over archival Suzaku XIS (Draco, Ursa Minor) and complementary XMM/Chandra dwarf and blank-sky spectra, parameterized by (E_gamma, decay width, f_phi) with target D-factor priors, and include a derivation layer converting published sterile-neutrino sin^2(2theta) line limits into generic two-photon decay-rate limits across the 0.7-10 keV band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1408_4929_pseudoscalar_yukawa_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with pseudo-scalar Yukawa interaction", "family": "singlet_fermion_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.4929", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood is available for the Fermi-LAT Galactic Center excess fit used for the 38 GeV b-bbar benchmark; the card marks likelihood_available unknown and robustness low, with background systematics unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a published GC-excess spectrum with covariance (e.g. a Fermi inner-galaxy spectral likelihood with background-model systematics marginalized) and fit the model's b-bbar spectrum generated from the CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_05096_light_vector_neutrino_scattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light vector dark matter with neutrino contact scattering", "family": "neutrino_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.05096", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the multimessenger observables: neither a source-population coincidence likelihood (TXS 0506+056-type associations vs decorrelation probability) nor a diffuse spectral/anisotropy likelihood against IceCube data (likelihoods: 'none packaged', likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a coincidence-statistics likelihood over the IceCube alert catalog (association probability as a function of survival probability per source) plus a binned diffuse-flux likelihood, taking the propagation-code outputs as signal templates and marginalizing over source spectra and DM column uncertainties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_00859_fermi_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fermi-ball dark matter from a quartic dark-sector phase transition", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.00859", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public event-rate likelihood exists for the Subaru-HSC M31 microlensing survey applicable to Fermi balls, including the survey detection-efficiency curves and finite-size (extended-lens) corrections needed when R_FB approaches the Einstein radius; the route can only screen against the paper's published exclusion curve.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Poisson event-rate likelihood from the published Subaru-HSC seven-hour M31 dataset (8.7e7 stars, one candidate event) using the published cadence and efficiency functions, with the standard extended-lens magnification correction parameterized by R_FB/R_Einstein, and validate against the paper's compact-object exclusion curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_13475_alp_extended_su2d_vector_dm_catalyzed_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "ALP-assisted SU(2)_D vector dark matter with catalyzed freeze-out", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13475", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented indirect-detection recast exists for the cascade gamma-ray signal on the ALP-modified relic contours: boosted catalyst-decay spectra folded through the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood and CTA sensitivity have not been computed for this variant's viable parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate Zprime -> SM decay spectra with Pythia or PPPC4DMID tables, boost through the X X -> Zprime Zprime cascade, and evaluate with the published Fermi-LAT six-year dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods and CTA projections using standard J-factors, scanning m_X, r_XZprime, tau_C, and m_X/f_a along the ALP-shifted relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13758_symmetric_atomic_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric ultraheavy atomic dark matter freeze-out through rearrangement", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13758", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline connects residual late-time atom-antiatom annihilation through dark-photon decay to CMB energy-injection and indirect-detection likelihoods for 1e6-1e10 GeV dark matter; the mediator lifetime and visible branching ratio are unspecified and no recast of existing limits to this composite-annihilation scenario exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify the kinetic-mixing decay chain, generate visible spectra with HDMSpectra for the ultraheavy final states, feed the redshift-dependent injection into an ExoCLASS/DarkAges-type CMB likelihood, and recast high-energy indirect-detection limits (gamma-ray and neutrino) using the geometric sigma_AR v and halo profiles.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_02243_pngb_linear_breaking_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "pNGB scalar singlet dark matter with linear U(1)_X breaking", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.02243", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The indirect-detection recast route has no assembled pipeline from per-channel sigma-v to Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and CMB energy-injection constraints for this model's mixed W+W-/ZZ/fermion/scalar final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate channel spectra from PPPC4DMID tables (or Pythia for the H_i H_j cascades), then evaluate against the public Fermi-LAT dSph joint likelihood and a Planck f_eff energy-injection bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_1999_no_scale_flipped_su5_neutralino_flippon_dm_v1", "model_name": "No-Scale Flipped SU(5) neutralino dark matter with TeV flippons", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.1999", "score": 23.2, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No Fermi-LAT likelihood has been constructed for the model's predicted 130-145 GeV gamma/Z line and internal-bremsstrahlung feature from the compressed stau-neutralino spectrum; the historical 130 GeV line claim cannot be replaced by a current statistical statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the current Fermi-LAT Galactic-center line-search likelihood (published line-search results with Fermi ScienceTools/fermipy) against the model's predicted line energies and IB spectrum for benchmark halo profiles.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_4679_susy_u1b_u1l_multicomponent_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric U(1)_B x U(1)_L multicomponent cold dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.4679", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No modern likelihoods exist for any of the model's three observation channels: the direct-detection benchmark still targets the superseded CoGeNT/DAMA region, the leptophilic fit targets historical PAMELA/Fermi excesses, and no LHC recast of the Z_B/Z_L and exotic-fermion sector has been performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model rates to DDCalc-style likelihoods for current xenon experiments (rescaled by component fractions), replace the PAMELA/Fermi targets with AMS-02 positron likelihoods run through GALPROP/DRAGON propagation, and recast LHC dilepton/dijet Z' and heavy-quark searches onto the Z_B, Z_L, and exotic-fermion masses with SModelS/CheckMATE-type tools.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1112_1939_composite_asymmetric_technibaryon_v1", "model_name": "Composite asymmetric techni-baryon dark matter from technicolor assisted leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1112.1939", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN/entropy-injection lifetime window (tau_TB < 1 s or > 1e26 s) is only an order-of-magnitude estimate; no BBN energy-injection or late-decay indirect-detection likelihood has been run for decaying technibaryons with unspecified SM final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify the dimension-six decay final states, then recast with existing public machinery: BBN injection constraints via ACROPOLIS or the Kawasaki-Moroi-style tables for tau < 1e12 s, and late-decay gamma-ray/CMB constraints via exoCLASS/DarkHistory and Fermi-LAT decaying-DM likelihoods for tau > 1e26 s.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5717_type_i_seesaw_minimal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-I seesaw plus fermionic quintuplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5717", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card's direct/indirect search consistency is quoted from 2012-era experiments with no likelihood (likelihood_available unknown, recasting_needed yes); no modern recast exists on the card for a 9.6 TeV quintuplet against current direct-detection and indirect-detection data including Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current LZ/XENONnT direct-detection limits and CTA/H.E.S.S. galactic-center indirect limits for the Y=0 fermionic quintuplet using DarkSUSY or MadDM with published Sommerfeld/bound-state annihilation spectra, and package the result as a likelihood keyed to M_MDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5717_type_iii_seesaw_minimal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-III seesaw plus fermionic quintuplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5717", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card's direct/indirect search consistency is quoted from 2012-era experiments with no likelihood (likelihood_available unknown, recasting_needed yes); no modern recast exists on the card for a 9.6 TeV quintuplet against current direct-detection and indirect-detection data including Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current LZ/XENONnT direct-detection limits and CTA/H.E.S.S. galactic-center indirect limits for the Y=0 fermionic quintuplet using DarkSUSY or MadDM with published Sommerfeld/bound-state annihilation spectra, and package the result as a likelihood keyed to M_MDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_2395_spread_susy_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spread Supersymmetry with wino LSP dark matter", "family": "wino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.2395", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Indirect-detection evaluation is incomplete: H.E.S.S. gamma-line likelihoods are not public and no assembled recast propagates the wino fraction (Omega_W/Omega_DM)^2 scaling with halo-profile and antiproton-propagation uncertainties through Fermi, H.E.S.S., and AMS-02 data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a wino indirect-detection likelihood combining public Fermi dwarf likelihoods, a reproduced H.E.S.S. line-search limit, and an AMS-02 antiproton recast with marginalized halo/propagation nuisance parameters, parameterized by (M_2, Omega_W/Omega_DM).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_3167_degenerate_free_fermion_inflaton_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate free-fermion dark matter with inflaton-decay production", "family": "fermionic_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.3167", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stellar-kinematic likelihood exists for fitting degenerate Fermi-gas (Lane-Emden) halo profiles to the classical Milky Way dwarf-spheroidal velocity-dispersion data; the primary fit cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the degenerate Fermi-gas density and velocity-dispersion profile as a mass model inside an existing public Jeans-analysis framework (e.g. pyGravSphere) and fit the eight classical dwarf spheroidals' dispersion profiles over (m_f, rho_0).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_08796_neutrino_interacting_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Radiative neutrino-mass model with neutrino-interacting MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.08796", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The few-MeV lower-mass floor from BBN/CMB radiation density (N_eff heating by annihilation into neutrinos) is applied only as a literature statement; no likelihood or model-specific N_eff computation exists for this candidate (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute N_eff(m_N) for a Majorana fermion annihilating into neutrinos with a neutrino-decoupling code (nudec_BSM-type) plus AlterBBN for light-element yields, and package the result as a tabulated likelihood on (m_N, annihilation channel).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_02149_cp_violating_spin0_sidm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating spin-0 mediator self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02149", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline exists that maps the model's late-time annihilation rate, mediator branching ratios, and CP-mixed nucleon coupling onto the Planck CMB energy-injection bound, indirect-detection limits, direct-detection curves, and the BBN mediator-lifetime floor; the card records that no constraint curves were digitized and lists constraint-curve digitization as a required resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the cited Planck f_eff, direct-detection, and BBN limit curves; compute mediator decay branching fractions versus m_phi and alpha_SM with standard spectra tables; and assemble a mask-generating recast module over (m_chi, m_phi, alpha, y_SM, alpha_SM) that reproduces the paper's excluded regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_00037_electron_flavored_dirac_dm_model_i_v1", "model_name": "Electron-flavored Dirac dark matter, Model I", "family": "lepton_flavored_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00037", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for a TeV e+e- spectral feature in DAMPE, and the combined indirect recast (DAMPE line, AMS-02 positrons, CMB energy injection, IceCube) used to bound <sigma v>_ee is not packaged; the paper's DAMPE-favored region also predates current cosmic-ray data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned DAMPE electron-plus-positron likelihood including the published energy resolution, propagate the e+e- injection with GALPROP or DRAGON for the local flux, and add CMB energy-injection limits via ExoCLASS/CLASS with Planck data to produce an updated combined constraint on <sigma v>_ee versus m_chi.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_00455_angular_momentum_sddm_v1", "model_name": "Angular-momentum-stabilized self-destructing dark positronium", "family": "self_destructing_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00455", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood or recast framework exists for visible-energy SDDM decay topologies (one to three lepton pairs with fixed invariant masses and directionality) in large neutrino detectors; existing boosted-DM searches provide context but no packaged efficiencies, backgrounds, or event-rate-per-volume limits for this signature.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast of Super-K and Borexino multi-lepton-pair searches: simulate the SDDM final states with a detector-response parameterization (energy resolution, Cherenkov-ring reconstruction efficiencies from published boosted-DM analyses), and publish a rate-per-volume likelihood in the m_V versus daughter-mass plane as the card's validation tests specify.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00814_top_philic_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Top-philic Majorana dark matter with colored t-channel mediator", "family": "top_philic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00814", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood pipeline exists for the model's threshold-dependent indirect-detection final states (gg/Higgs-mediated below top threshold, Wbt near threshold, tt above), so Fermi-LAT dwarf, Galactic-center line, and AMS-02 antiproton limits must be recast by hand with external J-factor and propagation assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood wrapper combining the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods with PPPC4DMID-style spectra for the channel mix as a function of m_chi, plus an AMS-02 antiproton likelihood with a stated propagation-model prior.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_06681_agnostic_vector_portal_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Agnostic vector-portal self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.06681", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB/gamma-ray energy-injection likelihood handles annihilation into long-lived boosted vector mediators: the constraint on epsilon is obtained by approximately rescaling prompt-annihilation limits for the boosted decay time and Br_EM, which the card flags as approximate and implemented only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DarkHistory (or ExoCLASS) with an injection module for mediators of lab-frame lifetime gamma*tau_V produced by annihilation, tracking redshift-dependent decay and electromagnetic deposition efficiency, and couple it to the Planck annihilation likelihood plus Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. flux limits to produce epsilon(m_chi, m_V) exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_05579_2hdm_portal_forbidden_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light 2HDM-portal forbidden singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.05579", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection or indirect-detection likelihood has been evaluated for this model's exponentially threshold- and velocity-suppressed late-time annihilation; the card records likelihood_available: no, so the claim that the fermionic variant evades CMB and gamma-ray limits is not backed by a computable constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the redshift-dependent <sigma v>(z) including the Boltzmann-suppressed forbidden channel and feed it through an ExoCLASS/DarkHistory-based Planck energy-injection likelihood plus existing sub-GeV gamma-ray limits, exposing the result as a function of (m_chi, mass splitting, couplings).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_05579_2hdm_portal_forbidden_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light 2HDM-portal forbidden scalar dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.05579", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection or existing gamma-ray likelihood has been evaluated for this model's Boltzmann-suppressed late-time annihilation and its loop-induced gamma-gamma line; the card records likelihood_available: no for the cosmological constraint, so the forbidden-regime evasion of Planck limits is asserted rather than computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the redshift- and velocity-dependent <sigma v>(z) including the forbidden lepton channel and the radiative gamma-gamma channel, and feed it through an ExoCLASS/DarkHistory-based Planck energy-injection likelihood plus current MeV-band line limits (e.g. INTEGRAL/SPI, COMPTEL) over (m_chi, Delta, couplings).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_05579_2hdm_portal_forbidden_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light 2HDM-portal forbidden scalar dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.05579", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forecast machinery exists to translate the predicted sub-GeV gamma-ray lines just below charged-lepton masses into detection reach for future MeV missions (AMEGO/e-ASTROGAM), which the card identifies as the key discovery channel of the scalar variant.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a line-search sensitivity forecast using published AMEGO/e-ASTROGAM effective areas and energy resolutions with standard Galactic halo J-factors, exposing predicted line significance as a function of (m_chi, <sigma v>_0) for the model's velocity-dependent annihilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_06082_small_lambda_kappa_nmssm_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Small-lambda-kappa NMSSM neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.06082", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The final selection step uses published LUX/XENON1T/PICO-60 limit curves and a hard Planck relic window instead of proper experimental likelihoods, so no statistically meaningful combined constraint or profile over the small-lambda/kappa NMSSM parameter space can be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the existing NMSSMTools + micrOMEGAs pipeline to DDCalc (for XENON1T/LUX/PICO-60 Poisson likelihoods) and the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood tables, replacing the overlay cuts with a joint likelihood as done in GAMBIT-style NMSSM scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_08406_2hda_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "2HD+a singlet-fermion dark matter", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08406", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No assembled joint likelihood exists for the 2HD+a scan combining the Planck relic target, XENON1T loop-level direct detection, Fermi-LAT gamma-ray limits, and LHC/flavor/electroweak-precision plus W-mass and muon g-2 requirements; all four constraint entries have likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a GAMBIT-style composite likelihood for the 2HD+a parameter space, combining micrOMEGAs outputs with HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals, flavor and electroweak-precision fits (including the M_W oblique-parameter shift), and published XENON1T and Fermi-LAT likelihood curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_08453_bouncing_three_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bouncing three-scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08453", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical gamma-ray likelihood recast exists for the model's cascade annihilation: the primary benchmark only adapts published H'H' -> WW cascade limits, so Fermi dwarf exclusions and CTA projections cannot be evaluated for general dark-state decay modes and branching ratios.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate channel-specific cascade photon spectra (boosted secondary decays via Pythia or the analytic cascade formalism of arXiv:1503.02641) and interface them with the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood in MadDM, adding CTA Galactic Center projection curves for forecasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05716_gravitational_rhn_fimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational right-handed-neutrino FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05716", "score": 23.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The optional PeV-neutrino decay observable has no implemented recast: the N1 to high-energy-neutrino decay spectrum for the tiny-Yukawa scenario and a comparison against IceCube diffuse-flux data are not set up in the card's routing.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the PeV-scale decay spectra with HDMSpectra for the N1 final states, propagate to Earth fluxes with standard halo plus extragalactic decay templates, and recast against the public IceCube HESE/diffuse astrophysical-neutrino likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_11918_su3_center_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(3) center-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.11918", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No detector likelihood exists for the monochromatic boosted-dark-matter line at E_phi = (5 m_phi^2 - m_h^2)/(4 m_phi) predicted in the semi-annihilation-dominated regime, so the flux prediction cannot be confronted with neutrino-telescope or direct-detection data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a boosted-DM signal-and-response module: compute the halo-integrated semi-annihilation flux, fold it through published Super-Kamiokande/IceCube and large-xenon boosted-DM effective areas, and package the result as a recast likelihood for the line energy and flux normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_13238_multicomponent_asymmetric_cogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-component asymmetric cogenesis dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13238", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN likelihood is implemented for the late-decaying parent fermion: the card's BBN bound is an analytic 0.1-1 s timing estimate with likelihood_available = no, and no cascade calculation covering hadronic and electromagnetic final states of the mediator has been run for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the parent lifetime and decay channels through ACROPOLIS for electromagnetic injection, extending it (or interfacing a hadronic-cascade BBN code) for hadronic final states, to replace the timing estimate with light-element abundance likelihoods over (tau, m_parent, branching fractions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_06159_mev_z3_scalar_semi_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "MeV-scale Z3 complex scalar semi-annihilation dark matter", "family": "semi_annihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.06159", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the archival MeV diffuse gamma-ray data (COMPTEL, EGRET, INTEGRAL, Fermi-LAT low-energy) against which the semi-annihilation continuum is compared; the primary paper reports only cross-section bound curves, so limits on <sigma v>_semi cannot be recomputed with proper background/covariance treatment or extended to new benchmarks and halo models.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a gamLike-style likelihood module for the archival MeV diffuse spectra (energy binning, effective area, and background model per instrument) plus the projected e-ASTROGAM response, taking arbitrary dN_gamma/dE inputs so semi-annihilation spectra with one boosted mediator in the final state can be constrained directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_09747_modular_a4_muon_specific_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modular A4 muon-specific scalar dark matter model", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09747", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Fermi-LAT Galactic-center GeV-excess constraint is applied only as an approximate 1-2 sigma window on (m_chi, <sigma v>) for the mu+ mu- channel; no proper GeV-excess likelihood with the muon-channel gamma-ray spectrum and halo-profile uncertainty is available in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from a published Fermi-LAT GCE spectral measurement, folding in the mu+ mu- annihilation spectrum (PPPC4DMID-style tables including final-state radiation) and marginalizing over the generalized-NFW profile parameters, replacing the fixed <sigma v>_FL window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_14764_sesm_inelastic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SESM general-scalar-potential inelastic scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.14764", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The flavor and muon g-2 viability selection is scan-level only: no public implementation of the SESM vectorlike quark/lepton loop contributions to R_K, B_s mixing, and Delta a_mu exists, so the anomaly-motivated parameter-space cut cannot be re-evaluated as a likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vectorlike-fermion and Z_2-odd scalar loop contributions in a public flavor package (e.g. flavio or SPheno/FlavourKit via a SARAH model file) and combine with current B-physics and muon g-2 measurements into a joint chi-square usable in the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15760_z3_scotogenic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scotogenic neutrinophilic Dirac-fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrinophilic_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15760", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN/CMB excess-radiation bound on MeV neutrino-coupled thermal relics is only quoted from minimal-model literature (~6 MeV fermion lower bound); the extended model's second right-handed neutrino and cancellation structure require a dedicated N_eff recast that does not exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a neutrino-decoupling code of the NUDEC_BSM type with the model's full dark-sector spectrum (N, S1, S2) to compute Delta N_eff and modified light-element yields across the low-mass region, and wrap Planck/BBN data as a likelihood over (m_DM, m_S1).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_13475_su2d_vector_dm_catalyzed_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D vector dark matter with catalyzed freeze-out", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13475", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented indirect-detection recast exists for the secluded cascade signal: the boosted-catalyst-decay gamma-ray spectrum (X X -> Zprime Zprime followed by Zprime -> SM fermions) has not been generated and folded through the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood or CTA sensitivity for this model's masses and branching fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate catalyst rest-frame decay spectra with Pythia (or PPPC4DMID tables) for the Zprime -> SM fermion channels, boost them to the X X -> Zprime Zprime cascade frame, and evaluate against the published Fermi-LAT six-year dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods and CTA projected sensitivity with standard J-factors, scanning m_X, r_XZprime, and tau_C.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_18557_mediator_decay_freeze_in_emd_v1", "model_name": "Mediator-decay freeze-in dark matter during early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.18557", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint is only an approximate order-TeV guide line with no representation-specific LHC recast or likelihood for the SM-charged mediator X, and the Fermi-LAT annihilation bound is applied qualitatively with no public likelihood, so the constraint overlay cannot produce statistically meaningful exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the candidate mediator gauge representations (color-triplet scalar, U(1) B-L cases) in SModelS/CheckMATE to derive representation-specific m_X limits, and evaluate <sigma_ann v>(m_chi) against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods for the relevant final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1109_2164_oscillating_asymmetric_dark_matter_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Oscillating asymmetric dark matter (scalar variant)", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1109.2164", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern likelihood recast exists for the regenerated-annihilation signal: the card relies on source-era WMAP CMB, BBN, and stacked Fermi dwarf bounds reweighted by hand, whereas the oscillation-modulated anti-DM fraction requires a time-dependent annihilation-rate history in current Planck energy-injection and Fermi dwarf likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an exotic-energy-injection pipeline (DarkHistory or ExoCLASS/CLASS with Planck 2018 likelihoods) to accept the oscillation-modulated annihilation-rate history, and reweight the current Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal combined likelihood by the present-day anti-DM fraction for the b bbar and leptonic final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_01899_gamma_ray_triangle_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-number asymmetric dark matter with gamma-ray triangles", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.01899", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the windowed power-law-plus-feature profile likelihood used to set Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. limits on triangle spectra, so new (m_DM, m_N/m_DM, alpha) points can only be constrained by interpolating the paper's digitized limit curves; the H.E.S.S. inner-halo event data underlying the TeV limits are not publicly released.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's sliding-energy-window power-law background plus triangle-signal profile likelihood on public Fermi-LAT Galactic-center data, and approximate the H.E.S.S. reach with published effective-area/exposure tables or an existing spectral-feature recast framework, validating against the paper's 95 percent CL benchmark limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_05821_majorana_scalar_qcd_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Majorana dark matter co-annihilating with a strongly interacting scalar", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.05821", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection, indirect-detection, or LHC collider likelihoods or recasts exist for the colored scalar partner and the Majorana singlet in this model (the card records likelihood_available no/unknown and recasting_needed yes for the search-compatibility constraint).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/MadGraph, use MadDM or micrOMEGAs for direct- and indirect-detection cross sections, and recast LHC colored-partner searches (e.g. squark-like jets plus missing-energy limits) with SModelS or CheckMATE for the compressed-spectrum coannihilation region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1902_01217_singlet_doublet_fermion_dm_scalar_triplet_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet fermion dark matter with scalar triplet", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1902.01217", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint is only a benchmark cut-flow projection: no recast of existing LHC compressed-spectrum, displaced charged-vector-like-lepton, or hadronically quiet multilepton searches, and no ILC likelihood, is implemented for the vector-like fermion and triplet-scalar spectrum, so con_sdf_collider_reach cannot be evaluated as an actual exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the public model files from gap_1, generate signal events in MadGraph+PYTHIA and recast current ATLAS/CMS soft-dilepton, disappearing/displaced-track, and multilepton (doubly charged Higgs) searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, producing exclusion likelihoods in the (M_chi1, Delta M, theta, triplet-mass) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_02615_metastable_conformal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Metastable conformal dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.02615", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray/gamma-ray line constraints (XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, INTEGRAL) are applied only as lifetime curves read from the paper figure; no digitized limit tables or instrument-specific likelihoods are packaged for the monochromatic-line observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published decaying-dark-matter lifetime limits tau(m_DM) from XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and INTEGRAL over the keV-MeV range, package them as interpolable tables with target/profile assumptions recorded, and add an exclusion/likelihood test against the model's tau_phi(m_phi, alpha) line.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_13126_two_component_wimp_fimp_scalar_u1_lmu_ltau_v1", "model_name": "Two-component WIMP-FIMP scalar dark matter with U(1) L_mu-L_tau", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.13126", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood or reusable recast exists for the fraction-rescaled direct and indirect detection constraints on the WIMP component; the paper compares to XENON-1T and AMS-02 contours without a public statistical implementation for the two-component local-density rescaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model into DDCalc (for XENON-1T-class spin-independent likelihoods) and an AMS-02 antiproton/positron likelihood, applying the Omega_1/Omega_DM rescaling of local density and annihilation rate computed from the relic solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_02698_portalino_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Portalino-inspired neutrino-portal Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.02698", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Gamma-ray limits on X X -> n n annihilation followed by Portalino cascade decays cannot be evaluated: Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal limits are tabulated only for standard two-body SM channels, and no cascade-spectrum recast against the public dwarf likelihood exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate Portalino decay cascade photon spectra with a parton-shower tool (Pythia-based spectra as in PPPC4DMID-style tabulations) for the model's branching fractions, then evaluate them against the released Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_13233_type_ii_seesaw_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II seesaw electroweak-mass axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.13233", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No experimental likelihood exists for the ALP-neutrino matter-effect signature: the card marks likelihood_available 'no' with recasting_needed 'yes', so predicted spectral distortions cannot be statistically compared to oscillation-experiment data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast public atmospheric/long-baseline oscillation datasets (e.g. Super-K, IceCube, DUNE sensitivity releases) into a likelihood for anomalous flavor-dependent matter potentials, then map that onto the model's lambda_a_nu and local ALP density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_04721_two_component_wimp_solar_conversion_v1", "model_name": "Two-component WIMP model with solar internal conversion", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.04721", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No neutrino-telescope likelihood or recast exists for multicomponent solar annihilation: published IceCube/Super-K/ANTARES solar-WIMP limits assume a single species in capture-annihilation equilibrium, and cannot be applied to the chi_1/chi_2 fluxes with relic fractions f and conversion-modified equilibration without a dedicated recast including neutrino yields and detector response.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine WimpSim/chi-aro-nu per-channel neutrino yield tables for each component mass with the model's N_1(t), N_2(t) annihilation rates, propagate through nuSQuIDS, and recast the public IceCube and Super-K solar effective areas into a joint likelihood over (m_1, m_2, f, sigma_kp, sigma-v_1122), including the non-equilibrium regime where the steady-state mapping fails.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_13043_jovian_captured_gev_dm_v1", "model_name": "Jovian captured GeV dark matter toy model", "family": "subcomponent_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.13043", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Fermi-LAT Jupiter gamma-ray analysis (arXiv:2104.02068) is not packaged as a reusable likelihood, and its long-lived-mediator limits must be recast to this model's Borexino-tuned mediator branching ratios before they constrain the 1-4 GeV scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the Jupiter gamma-ray analysis with public Fermi-LAT data and Fermitools, publish the flux upper limits as a tabulated likelihood, and map them onto this model's mediator decay-length and gamma-branching parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph9702125_three_level_neutrino_laser_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-level neutrino-laser majoron dark matter", "family": "mixed_cold_hot_bosonic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9702125", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN yield capability accepts the enhanced, nonthermal electron-neutrino spectrum from pre-BBN decays: public BBN codes assume thermal Fermi-Dirac neutrinos, so the helium response to the near-factor-three nu_e density enhancement cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public BBN network (PRIMAT or AlterBBN) to take an arbitrary tabulated nu_e distribution, recompute the neutron-proton weak conversion rates with the distorted spectrum, and compare predicted helium and deuterium yields with observed light-element abundances.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1107_0941_so10_su5_nugm_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10)/SU(5) non-universal gaugino neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.0941", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "All experimental comparisons in the card are frozen at 2011: WMAP relic band, CDMS-II/XENON100 sigma_SI limits, Super-K/IceCube solar-neutrino bounds, and pre-Higgs-discovery collider constraints; no assembled modern likelihood pipeline (Planck relic density, LZ/XENONnT direct detection, current IceCube SD limits, LHC Run-2 plus m_h=125 GeV) has been applied to the NUGM -1/2:-3/2:1 gaugino-ratio parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the scan with a public chain: SoftSUSY or ISAJET spectra for the fixed gaugino ratio, micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2/sigma_SI/sigma_SD against Planck and DDCalc (LZ, XENONnT) likelihoods, IceCube solar-capture limits via the DDCalc/nulike machinery, and SModelS plus HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals for collider and Higgs-mass viability, as done in GAMBIT-style MSSM global fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1109_2164_oscillating_asymmetric_dark_matter_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Oscillating asymmetric dark matter (fermion variant)", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1109.2164", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern likelihood recast exists for the regenerated-annihilation signal: the card relies on source-era WMAP CMB, BBN, and stacked Fermi dwarf bounds reweighted by hand, whereas the time-dependent anti-DM fraction requires feeding an annihilation-rate history (not a constant <sigma v>) into current Planck energy-injection and Fermi dwarf likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an exotic-energy-injection pipeline (DarkHistory or ExoCLASS/CLASS with Planck 2018 likelihoods) to accept the oscillation-modulated annihilation-rate history, and reweight the current Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal combined likelihood by the present-day anti-DM fraction for the b bbar and leptonic final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_03956_non_susy_so10_triplet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-SUSY SO(10) triplet fermion dark matter", "family": "electroweak_triplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.03956", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The indirect-detection constraint near the triplet resonance is only quoted from related work: no implemented likelihood evaluates Sommerfeld-enhanced W+W- annihilation at ~2.7 TeV against Fermi-LAT dwarf, MAGIC, antiproton, and CMB energy-injection data for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire Fermi-LAT public dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods and the combined Fermi+MAGIC limits to multi-TeV W+W- spectra (with electroweak corrections from PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra), plus a Planck p_ann CMB check, parameterized by the Sommerfeld-corrected <sigma v>_WW from gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_06129_double_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1711.06129", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No extended-mass-function constraint likelihood exists for the two-peak PBH spectrum: microlensing (including the wave-optics/finite-source weakening of Subaru/HSC limits the model relies on), femtolensing, Hawking-evaporation gamma rays, CMB accretion, and LIGO merger-rate constraints are only available as monochromatic exclusion curves, which the card says cannot validly be applied point-by-point to a broad mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an extended-mass-function recast package on top of a digitized PBH bound compilation (PBHbounds-style): implement the Carr-type integrated constraint conversion for f_PBH(M), recompute the HSC microlensing event rate with wave-optics and finite-source corrections, and add an accretion-modeling-marginalized CMB likelihood and a PBH-binary merger-rate likelihood for the stellar-mass peak.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_14317_iss_nmssm_sneutrino_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw NMSSM sneutrino WIMP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.14317", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's composite likelihood scan is not reproducible as released: the exact priors, the joint Planck relic + XENON-1T SI/SD + Fermi-LAT dwarf + LHC Higgs/sparticle likelihood glue, and the ISS-NMSSM SARAH model files were not published, and the direct-detection term is XENON-1T-era rather than current LZ/XENONnT limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the pipeline openly: regenerate the ISS-NMSSM in SARAH/SPheno, couple micrOMEGAs to DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT), the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood, and HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals plus SModelS for the collider terms, then rerun the MultiNest scan and validate against the paper's profile-likelihood islands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_07625_alp_string_wall_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle dark matter from N>1 string-wall annihilation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.07625", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No ready-to-use likelihood accepts this model's peaked Omega_GW(f) template in the 10^-16 to 10^-14 Hz CMB/astrometry band or the PTA band; existing bounds assume power-law spectra, which the card's caveats flag as inappropriate for the peaked wall-annihilation spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the peaked wall-annihilation Omega_GW(f) template as a custom spectrum in a PTA analysis framework (e.g. PTArcade/enterprise on NANOGrav data) and recast the Planck and BICEP/Keck ultra-low-frequency GW and astrometry bounds for monochromatic/peaked spectra, publishing constraint tables in the (V, epsilon_b, N, m_a) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_01368_bouncing_multicomponent_fermion_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bouncing multicomponent singlet fermion-pNGB dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.01368", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gamma-ray likelihood is attached to the enhanced present-day annihilation prediction: the route lists the gamma-ray likelihood as unavailable, so the above-thermal <sigma v>_0 values from bouncing freeze-out cannot be tested against dwarf-galaxy or Galactic Center data, including the nonstandard kinematics of semi-annihilation final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate photon spectra for the h_i-mediated annihilation and semi-annihilation channels (micrOMEGAs or PPPC4DMID tables, with the boosted single-scalar kinematics for semi-annihilation) and evaluate them against the published Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods with component-density-squared weighting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1408_1176_high_scale_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "High-scale-inflation Q-ball dark matter and baryogenesis scenario", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.1176", "score": 21.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Q-ball-specific direct-search likelihood exists: the IceCube/Baksan reach is obtained by reusing subrelativistic magnetic-monopole flux limits with an assumed detection efficiency (eta = 1 or 0.1), while the actual nucleon-dissociation energy-deposition signature of an electrically neutral new-type Q ball in these detectors has never been modeled or turned into a limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Model the KKST nucleon-dissociation light yield of a subrelativistic Q-ball track in IceCube-like and Baksan-like detectors as a function of Q_N and velocity, derive the detection efficiency, and publish a flux likelihood on the (Q_N, F_Q) plane that replaces the monopole-limit proxy in con_qball_icecube_baksan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_01050_qcd_confinement_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-confinement induced scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.01050", "score": 21.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable exclusion data or likelihood exists for comparing the QCD-scalar (m_phi, M, f) parameter space against fifth-force and astrophysical photon-decay limits; the constraints exist only as undigitized figure-level curves in the source paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the Fig. 1 dark-matter-preferred and exclusion curves from arXiv:1911.01050, assemble the underlying fifth-force (Eot-Wash-type) and photon-search (X-ray/gamma-ray line) datasets, and implement them as reusable limit curves or likelihoods over (m_phi, M, f) in a light-scalar recast module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0709_4593_rpv_gravitino_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-parity-violating gravitino decay dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.4593", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable gamma-ray likelihood for decaying gravitino dark matter: Fermi-LAT line-search limits exist only as published exclusion curves, and there is no packaged likelihood for the W/Z-fragmentation diffuse continuum in the tau_3/2 - m_3/2 plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published Fermi-LAT line-search and isotropic diffuse gamma-ray results into a lifetime-versus-mass likelihood table using a Milky Way decay J-factor plus the cosmological redshifted contribution, combining line and continuum channels with fragmentation spectra from PYTHIA or PPPC-style tables.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_rh_neutrino_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded WIMP with right-handed neutrino mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood exists for the cascade annihilation signal chi chi -> N_R N_R followed by N_R decays through the small neutrino Yukawa; the model-specific final-state spectra (neutrino/Higgs branching dependent) have not been computed or confronted with gamma-ray or neutrino-telescope data.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the boosted two-step cascade spectra (chi chi -> N_R N_R -> SM via L H N_R) with PYTHIA showering, then recast Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and IceCube likelihoods onto the resulting photon and neutrino spectra as a function of m_chi, m_NR, and branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded singlet-fermion WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined lifetime/flavor likelihood exists for the Higgs-mixed metastable scalar phi: the narrow allowed MeV windows (mixing ~1e-7 to 1e-8) are quoted from historical rare-K missing-energy, gamma-ray, and BBN arguments rather than computed against modern data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast modern light-scalar constraints (NA62 K -> pi + invisible, LHCb/Belle II, and BBN injection via ACROPOLIS) onto the (m_phi, lambda_1) plane using existing dark-scalar recast frameworks such as DarkCast-style mappings for Higgs-mixed scalars, producing a reusable lifetime-mixing likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded singlet-fermion WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or indirect-detection likelihood is implemented for this model: the spin-independent cross section through Higgs mixing and the cascade annihilation spectra chi chi -> phi phi -> SM SM have not been confronted with current detector or gamma-ray data.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from the Higgs-portal mixing and evaluate it against public LZ/XENONnT likelihoods (e.g. via DDCalc), and generate the two-step cascade photon spectra with PYTHIA for a Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood recast as a function of m_chi and m_phi.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded Dirac WIMP with U(1) prime vector mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood exists for the secluded cascade signal chi chi -> V V with V decaying through kinetic mixing, in either the GeV-scale gamma-ray regime or the MeV/511 keV benchmark; the source's constraints are qualitative quotes rather than a computed likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the boosted V -> SM cascade photon and positron spectra (PYTHIA above the GeV scale, analytic leptonic spectra in the MeV regime) and recast Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal, INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV, and CMB energy-injection likelihoods as functions of m_chi, m_V, and epsilon.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_4313_late_scalar_decay_wino_higgsino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Late scalar-decay Wino/Higgsino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4313", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct- or indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for the nonthermally populated Wino/Higgsino benchmark; con_nonthermal_detection_recast is only figure-level context from related nonthermal CMSSM studies, not a spectrum-specific exclusion for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI and <sigma v> for the Wino/Higgsino spectrum with DarkSUSY or micrOMEGAs and confront them with current LZ limits via DDCalc and Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and H.E.S.S. Galactic-center likelihoods, rescaling rates by the nonthermal relic fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0905_2964_nmssm_pamela_neutralino_resonance_v1", "model_name": "PAMELA-favored NMSSM neutralino with light pseudoscalar resonance", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0905.2964", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmic-ray or gamma-ray likelihood exists for the PAMELA-favored benchmarks: the positron/antiproton comparison and the Fermi-LAT gamma tension are source-era plot-level statements (likelihood_available: no for both constraints), with no modern AMS-02/Fermi recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the a2-resonance annihilation to a1 h1 with mu-rich final states against AMS-02 positron-fraction and Fermi-LAT diffuse/dwarf likelihoods using a public propagation code and published likelihood tables, scanning halo-profile and boost-factor systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5647_axion_mediated_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion-mediated singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "axion_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5647", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No coded gamma-ray line likelihood is attached to the model's critical observable: the Fermi 130/135 GeV line target is only a historical cross-section window with likelihood_available marked no and explicit halo-profile dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a likelihood from current Fermi-LAT Galactic-center line-search results over <sigma v>_gamma gamma (and the Z gamma companion) as a function of m_chi, with an Einasto/NFW J-factor nuisance parameter, replacing the fixed 1.27-2.27e-27 cm^3/s historical target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1312_3578_short_lived_pgb_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken U(1) Majorana dark matter with short-lived PGB scenario", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.3578", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gamma-ray likelihood exists for the box-shaped spectrum from chi chi -> eta rho with in-flight eta -> gamma gamma decay: the card only records the paper's replacement rule for adapting Fermi-LAT equal-scalar box limits (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes), which does not cover general mass ratios or current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's box spectrum dN/dE through the public Fermi-LAT Galactic-center data and instrument response (e.g., via gammapy or the Fermi ScienceTools) for the model's M_chi, m_rho, m_phi grid, releasing a tabulated likelihood in (M_chi, m_phi/M_chi, Br(phi->gamma gamma)).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03507_hidden_sector_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector self-interacting dark matter with light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03507", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the joint Galactic-center gamma-ray excess plus AMS-02/PAMELA positron fit that the model targets (route likelihoods list is empty; ams02_positron_constraint is only approximate), so compatibility claims cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a published GC-excess spectral likelihood with background covariance and an AMS-02 positron-fraction likelihood, evaluated on GALPROP outputs while marginalizing over propagation and pulsar-background parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_00715_gauge_mediated_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated Q-ball dark matter", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00715", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No digitized BAKSAN/IceCube (or Baikal/KM3NeT) flux-limit curves or slow-particle-trigger detection likelihood exist for KKST-like Q-balls, so the flux-versus-cross-section exclusion in the (Q, M_F, m_3/2) plane cannot be evaluated numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published BAKSAN and IceCube slow-monopole/Q-ball flux limits (the primary paper's Fig. 3 overlay), encode them as a flux-limit lookup versus sigma_Q, and combine with published slow-particle trigger efficiencies to build a simple Poisson likelihood for large-volume telescopes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_02669_boosted_two_component_pseudoscalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Boosted two-component pseudoscalar-mediated dark matter", "family": "boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.02669", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No IceCube likelihood or detector-response recast is implemented for boosted-chi scattering: predicting PeV shower plus lower-energy secondary event spectra and shower/track topology from the chi-nucleon cross section requires an effective-area and deposited-energy model that the card does not provide.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an event-rate calculator from the public IceCube HESE effective areas and data release, folding the boosted-chi flux with the pseudoscalar-mediated chi-nucleon deep-inelastic cross section into deposited-energy and topology distributions, and wrap it as a Poisson likelihood validated against the source m_a = 12 and 80 GeV benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_02669_boosted_two_component_pseudoscalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Boosted two-component pseudoscalar-mediated dark matter", "family": "boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.02669", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged Fermi-LAT Galactic Center excess likelihood exists for the light-chi annihilation channel (chi chi -> b bbar via the pseudoscalar), so the 30-40 GeV benchmark fit cannot be reproduced quantitatively with background-model uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast a published GC-excess spectrum with full covariance (e.g. the Calore-Cholis-Weniger style spectral covariance) into a likelihood over (m_chi, <sigma v>, f_chi, branching fractions), with the b-bbar spectra generated by PPPC4DMID or Pythia tables.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_majorana_dm_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Majorana fermion dark matter with 750 GeV quark-coupled pseudoscalar portal", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Fermi-LAT likelihood recast exists for this pseudoscalar-portal Majorana model: the public dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods must be combined with b-bbar/tau continuum spectra and the loop-level gamma-line channel while accounting for the strong velocity dependence of pseudoscalar-mediated annihilation, which the standard velocity-independent dwarf limits do not cover.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline that feeds PPPC4DMID (or Pythia-generated) b-bbar/tau and gamma-gamma spectra into the released Fermi-LAT six-year dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods, with the annihilation cross section evaluated at dwarf versus Galactic-center velocity dispersions for the s-channel pseudoscalar amplitude, and include the Fermi line-search likelihood for <sigma v>_gamma_gamma.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_02977_vector_dm_top_partner_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter with fermionic top-partner co-annihilation model", "family": "coannihilating_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02977", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No collider recast or likelihood exists for the compressed fermionic top partner with vector dark matter: existing SUSY stop compressed-spectrum limits do not apply because production cross sections and decay kinematics differ for a color-triplet fermion, and the Higgs-portal direct-detection constraint on lambda_VVHH is likewise not implemented as a likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO model for the vector-DM plus fermionic top partner Lagrangian, generate compressed-spectrum signal events with MadGraph+Pythia, recast LHC Run 2 soft-object and monojet searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis, and add a DDCalc-based Higgs-portal spin-independent likelihood for lambda_VVHH, combined into one joint likelihood over (m_V, m_T, Delta m).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_pseudoscalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with pseudoscalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Fermi Galactic Center gamma-ray likelihood or per-channel <sigma v> limit tables exist for the mediator-mixing-weighted SM final states, so the indirect-detection route cannot produce quantitative pass/fail results.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published Fermi LAT Galactic Center and dwarf-spheroidal limits into per-channel <sigma v>(m_d) tables (using the public Fermi dSph likelihood release) and weight them by the MicrOMEGAs branching fractions of each scan point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_00037_electron_flavored_dirac_dm_model_ii_v1", "model_name": "Electron-flavored Dirac dark matter, Model II", "family": "lepton_flavored_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00037", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the DAMPE TeV e+e- spectral feature, and the combined indirect recast (DAMPE, AMS-02, CMB energy injection, IceCube) needed to bound <sigma v>_ee for this model is not packaged and predates current cosmic-ray data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned DAMPE electron-plus-positron likelihood with the published energy resolution, propagate the e+e- injection with GALPROP or DRAGON, and combine with CMB energy-injection limits via ExoCLASS and Planck to update the allowed <sigma v>_ee versus m_chi region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00007_fermionic_scotogenic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal scotogenic model with fermionic dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00007", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No recast pipeline confronts the model's internal-bremsstrahlung gamma-ray signal (N1 N1 -> l l gamma via inert-scalar exchange, with the two-body channel p-wave suppressed) with indirect-detection data; the card lists the constraint with likelihood_available: no and the step was not run.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the internal-bremsstrahlung spectrum from the micrOMEGAs/MadDM model implementation over the (m_N1, m_eta, y) scan and feed it to the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood (and H.E.S.S. Galactic-center limits for multi-TeV masses).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00007_scalar_scotogenic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal scotogenic model with inert scalar dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00007", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No gamma-ray indirect-detection likelihood is available to recast continuum limits (Fermi-LAT dwarf spheroidal style) onto the inert scalar's WW/ZZ/hh annihilation channels; the card marks the gamma-ray recast unavailable and con_inert_scalar_indirect has likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple micrOMEGAs-computed <sigma v> and branching fractions to the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal binned likelihoods (e.g. via MadDM's indirect-detection likelihood module or the released Fermi likelihood tables), producing per-channel limits for WW, ZZ, and hh final states over the 50 GeV-20 TeV mass windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_08615_neutrinophilic_thdm_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3-stabilized scalar dark matter in neutrinophilic THDM", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.08615", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for this model's annihilation final states: Fermi-LAT dwarf limits were not rerun for the H3-mediated b-bbar cascade spectra (Scenarios II/IV), and no IceCube neutrino-line likelihood is attached for the neutrinophilic Scenario III final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute cascade gamma-ray spectra for X X* -> H3 H3 -> 4b with PPPC4DMID/Pythia boosting and run them through the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihood (e.g. via MadDM), and recast IceCube/ANTARES neutrino-line searches for the Scenario III nu-nubar-dominated states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05632_gauged_two_higgs_doublet_scalar_d_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged two-Higgs-doublet scalar D dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_gauge_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05632", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Inert-doublet direct-detection, indirect-detection, and LHC search limits used as proxies (LUX/XENON, Fermi/AMS, monojet, disappearing tracks) have no G2HDM recast: the gauge-origin stabilization and extra SU(2)_H states change production and decay topologies, and the card marks both constraints as recast_required with only partial likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline: generate G2HDM signal events with MadGraph using the gap_1 model files and pass them through public recast frameworks (MadAnalysis5/CheckMATE for monojet and inert-scalar searches; DDCalc for XENON/LZ; likelihood from Planck Omega h2), producing combined exclusion contours in the (m_D, lambda_L, splitting) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_06987_complex_singlet_cp_z2_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex singlet scalar dark matter with restored CP and Z2", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06987", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled statistical pipeline applies the XENON1T spin-independent limit and the Fermi-LAT/AMS-02/Planck annihilation constraints to this model with the required f_X (subcomponent) rescaling of local density and annihilation rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire micrOMEGAs outputs (Omega_X h^2, sigma_SI, sigma v with branching fractions) into DDCalc for the XENON1T likelihood and the public Fermi-LAT dwarf and Planck f_eff likelihoods, applying f_X scaling for direct detection and f_X^2 scaling for annihilation signals.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_04227_asymptotically_safe_quintuplet_minimal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymptotically safe quintuplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.04227", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented gamma-ray likelihood recast exists for quintuplet annihilation: the Sommerfeld-enhanced continuum plus line spectra with per-flavor 1/N_F density suppression have not been run through dwarf or Galactic Center likelihoods, so the exclusion is only qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine electroweak-corrected annihilation spectra (PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra) with the Sommerfeld-enhanced cross section and feed them through the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood stack (and published Galactic Center line limits), scanning halo-profile and J-factor systematics over (N_F, M_DM).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_04227_asymptotically_safe_triplet_minimal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymptotically safe triplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.04227", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood pipeline combines the public Fermi-LAT/MAGIC dwarf-galaxy likelihoods with Sommerfeld-enhanced WW/ZZ annihilation spectra and the 1/N_F per-flavor density suppression, so the dwarf gamma-ray constraint (including resonance regions and J-factor uncertainties) is only applied qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood wrapper that feeds electroweak-corrected annihilation spectra (from PPPC4DMID-style tables) with velocity-dependent Sommerfeld factors and 1/N_F^2-scaled rates summed over flavors into the published Fermi-LAT dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods, marginalizing over J-factor uncertainties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_02718_gauge_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-singlet Z2-odd scalar dark matter in a lepton-specific U(1)_X two-Higgs-doublet model", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.02718", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Fermi-LAT dwarf-galaxy likelihood recast exists for this model's p-wave-dominated annihilation to charged leptons through exotic-lepton exchange; the paper only estimates cross sections, so the indirect-detection constraint cannot be evaluated quantitatively across the scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the present-day velocity-averaged cross section including the p-wave suppression with a dwarf-appropriate velocity distribution, generate the lepton-channel gamma-ray spectra with PPPC4DMID or micrOMEGAs, and evaluate them against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_06494_hidden_dirac_fermion_dark_photon_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector Dirac fermion self-interacting dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.06494", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or recast exists for the sub-GeV hidden fermion with a light dark-photon mediator; XENON1T electron-recoil and PandaX-II light-mediator limits have not been mapped onto (epsilon, m_C, m_D) for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast XENON1T/XENONnT electron-recoil data with DarkELF/QEdark-style form factors and PandaX-II light-mediator nuclear-recoil limits into a likelihood over (m_D, m_C, epsilon), including the freeze-in relic fraction as the local-density normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_07022_lepton_portal_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal real scalar dark matter with vector-like leptons", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07022", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Indirect-detection limits cannot be evaluated for the mixed lambda_L/lambda_R case: no photon spectra including virtual internal bremsstrahlung and loop-induced gamma lines have been computed for both chiral couplings, and no Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. line or AMS positron likelihood recast exists beyond no-mixing guidance values.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the 2->2 and 2->3 (mu mu gamma internal bremsstrahlung) and loop gamma-gamma spectra with both couplings (extending MadDM or the Bringmann et al. lepton-portal spectra), then recast the Fermi-LAT line search, H.E.S.S. inner-halo, and AMS-02 positron likelihoods onto the (m_X, m_E1/m_X, lambda_L, lambda_R) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_08067_u1_ay_bq_dark_fermion_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_{A Y + B q} vector-portal dark fermion model", "family": "u1_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08067", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood is available for the direct-detection or indirect-detection comparisons (likelihood_available is 'no' for both constraints); the paper's exclusions are digitized curve overlays, preventing a statistically meaningful combined scan of the (m_chi, M_Z', g_x) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs output to DDCalc (for XENON/LUX/PandaX spin-independent likelihoods) and to published Fermi dwarf-spheroidal and Planck energy-injection likelihood tables weighted by the model's SM-fermion branching fractions, e.g. within a GAMBIT-style global fit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05380_lowest_energy_higgson_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Lowest-energy higgson WIMP", "family": "electroweak_wimp", "arxiv": "2210.05380", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No indirect- or direct-detection likelihood is packaged for the model: the dwarf-spheroidal comparison is a by-eye consistency statement and the Xe limits are quoted reaches, so the g4 likelihood step has nothing to evaluate against.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood (gamLike-style) with model annihilation spectra to WW/ZZ and a DDCalc-style LZ/XENONnT likelihood into the route, consuming sigma_v and sigma_SI from the upstream steps.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_08375_quintet_minimal_dark_matter_higgs_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_L quintet fermion minimal dark matter with Higgs inflation", "family": "minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.08375", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The AMS-02 antiproton constraint on the 13.6 TeV quintet is only quoted qualitatively from the literature; no recast pipeline combining Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation spectra, Galactic propagation, and an AMS-02 antiproton likelihood exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the recast by feeding Sommerfeld-corrected WW/ZZ annihilation spectra (PPPC4DMID-style tables with electroweak corrections) through DRAGON or GALPROP propagation with marginalized propagation parameters into a published AMS-02 antiproton likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_14594_scalar_mediated_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated Dirac fermion dark matter with Higgs portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.14594", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The indirect-detection test lacks an assembled pipeline: the pion-rich cascade gamma-ray spectrum from mediator decays (2 m_pi0 < m_phi < M) and its confrontation with Fermi-LAT dwarf/GC likelihoods and CTA projections must be reconstructed by hand, and the low-mediator-mass e+e- channel (AMS-02) is not covered at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate boosted cascade spectra for phi decays via Higgs-portal mixing (Pythia/Hazma for the pion channels), convolve with halo J factors, and wire into the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods and ctools/gammapy CTA sensitivity, including the Sommerfeld-enhanced late-time <sigma v>.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0104173_bino_neutralino_cdm_damping_cutoff_v1", "model_name": "Bino-like neutralino CDM with damping cutoff", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0104173", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood connects the sub-Earth-mass microhalo cutoff mass M_min to observational data (both card constraints have likelihood_available: no, and the route lists no public likelihood), so the predicted cutoff cannot be confronted with data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood tying M_min to observables sensitive to Earth-mass microhalos, e.g. pulsar-timing-array microhalo transit limits or gamma-ray annihilation boost-factor constraints, calibrated with microhalo survival simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_02981_hidden_gauged_su3_multispecies_v1", "model_name": "Multispecies hidden gauged SU(3) dark matter benchmark model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.02981", "score": 20.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current-generation likelihood recast exists for the relic-fraction-weighted multi-species signals: the direct-detection comparison uses the 2018 XENON1T one-ton-year rate limit rather than LZ/XENONnT likelihoods with per-species rate summing, and the Fermi-LAT dwarf W+W- limit was applied as a scaled cross-section comparison without rerunning any dwarf likelihood with the squared-fractional-abundance weighting.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the summed-species recoil rate (sigma_iN weighted by Omega_i/Omega_DM) into a public direct-detection likelihood tool (e.g. DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT data) and the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods with (Omega_i/Omega_DM)^2-scaled annihilation rates per component.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1405_3692_hypercharge_impure_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hypercharge Impure Split Dirac Supersymmetry Higgsino dark matter", "family": "higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.3692", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled indirect-detection likelihood for the near-TeV Higgsino in this framework: the annihilation cross section including Sommerfeld enhancement near mu ~ 1.1 TeV is not computed by the stock micrOMEGAs pipeline, and AMS-02 antiproton and gamma-ray/CTA likelihoods are not attached to the route, so current indirect limits on the co-annihilating pseudo-Dirac spectrum cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine published Sommerfeld-corrected Higgsino annihilation spectra (electroweak-corrected PPPC-style tables) with public AMS-02 antiproton and Fermi/H.E.S.S./CTA gamma-ray likelihoods, marginalizing over halo profile and cosmic-ray propagation, to produce a reusable constraint on (mu, <sigma v>).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12663_fermionic_u1x_higgs_charge_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic U(1)_X dark matter with Higgs charge and kinetic mixing", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12663", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider/electroweak-precision likelihood exists for this model's visible sector: the LEP Z-pole and LHC dilepton bounds on epsilon and q_H are mapped by hand from generic kinetic-mixing literature, while the Higgs U(1)_X charge alters Z-Z' mixing and branching ratios relative to those references.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LHC dilepton searches with a ZPEED-style Z' likelihood extended to the q_H-modified fermion couplings, and add electroweak-precision (S,T,U / Z-pole) constraints on the Z-Z' mixing angle as an analytic likelihood, validated against the small-q_H bound quoted in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0502211_neutralino_from_heavy_gravitino_decay_v1", "model_name": "Neutralino dark matter from heavy gravitino decay", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0502211", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct- and indirect-detection viability of the Wino/Higgsino-rich nonthermal neutralino is asserted only from historical (CDMS-era, pre-Fermi) benchmarks; no modern combined recast of current direct-detection and indirect-search likelihoods has been applied to the composition-dependent parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Compose an existing pipeline (micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY for sigma_chi-p and <sigma v>, DDCalc for LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, Fermi dwarf-spheroidal and AMS antiproton likelihoods) over the (m_chi, Wino/Higgsino fraction) plane with the nonthermal abundance from gap_1 as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0808_1904_susylr_unstable_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dynamical R-parity breaking SUSYLR unstable gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.1904", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The diffuse gamma-ray constraint on gravitino -> photon + neutrino is EGRET-era only; no modern Fermi-LAT likelihood or recast exists for the GeV-scale endpoint spectrum implied by m_3/2 ~ 2 GeV and |U| ~ 1e-6 to 1e-7.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the photon spectrum of the two-body photon+neutrino channel (plus W/Z/h modes where open) and recast published Fermi-LAT isotropic diffuse and Galactic-halo decaying-dark-matter lifetime limits onto the (m_3/2, |U|) plane, packaging the result as a reusable lifetime likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_gravitino_decay_wino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB nonthermal wino dark matter from gravitino decay", "family": "nonthermal_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable direct- or indirect-detection likelihood is attached to the wino detection route: the paper supplies only reach curves, so the computed sigma_SI and annihilation rates cannot be turned into quantitative exclusions for full-fraction or rescaled wino CDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the DarkSUSY/IsaReD cross-section outputs into DDCalc for current xenon-experiment direct-detection likelihoods, and recast the wino annihilation flux against published Fermi dwarf-spheroidal and H.E.S.S. Galactic-center gamma-ray likelihoods, rescaling both by the local wino fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_moduli_nonthermal_wino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB nonthermal wino dark matter from scalar-field decay", "family": "nonthermal_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Wino direct and indirect detection constraints exist only as non-machine-readable reach curves; no experiment likelihood is available to evaluate sigma_SI and indirect rates for the nonthermal wino scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the predicted sigma_SI through a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc with current xenon-experiment likelihoods, and use published wino indirect-detection gamma-ray likelihoods for the full-fraction case.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_1411_inert_doublet_new_viable_region_v1", "model_name": "Inert doublet model new viable region", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.1411", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled modern astroparticle likelihood for the new M_W-160 GeV IDM window: the 2010 viability region was judged against Xenon100-era direct-detection bounds and pre-2011 gamma-ray data, and the card explicitly flags that updated xenon limits and Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods require a fresh recast that has not been wired to the micrOMEGAs-level predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the public micrOMEGAs IDM implementation over the gauge-boson-cancellation region with the measured 125 GeV Higgs mass, and pipe sigma_SI into DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) and the W+W-/ZZ annihilation spectra into the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood tables.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0506_spin_3_2_effective_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Spin-3/2 effective dark matter", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0506", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The antiproton constraint uses PAMELA-era antiproton/proton data with no likelihood; no operator-specific pipeline exists that generates annihilation spectra and propagates them to an AMS-02 antiproton likelihood with controlled propagation systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate per-operator annihilation spectra with PYTHIA (or PPPC4DMID tables for fermionic final states), propagate with GALPROP/DRAGON, and evaluate against the public AMS-02 antiproton likelihood including correlated systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_4858_degenerate_majorana_internal_bremsstrahlung_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate-particle Majorana dark matter with enhanced internal bremsstrahlung", "family": "coannihilating_majorana_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.4858", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood or recast pipeline exists for confronting the enhanced sharp internal-bremsstrahlung gamma-ray spectrum with CTA/GAMMA-400 sensitivities, nor for the AMS positron and direct-search compatibility checks; both constraints on the card have likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that folds the analytic l l gamma spectrum through published CTA and GAMMA-400 instrument-response and sensitivity curves for spectral-feature searches (e.g. within a gamma-ray likelihood framework such as gammapy-based CTA line-search likelihoods), and add digitized AMS-02 positron and direct-detection limits as auxiliary constraint terms.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_3459_long_lived_scalar_a_neutrino_portal_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived scalar A neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3459", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, reusable IceCube/ANTARES/KM3NeT likelihood (effective areas, energy/angular response, backgrounds) exists to constrain this model's monochromatic neutrino line and halo-correlated anisotropy; the card's IceCube limits are digitized lifetime curves from a thermal line search, not a recastable likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module from published IceCube effective areas and the 2023 neutrino-line search data release, including an angular-power template for the Galactic-halo decay morphology, so that (M_A, tau_A) maps directly to a likelihood over line energy and sky distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_06193_dark_left_right_scotino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark left-right scotino dark matter", "family": "left_right_symmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.06193", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current indirect-detection likelihood is wired for this model: the AMS-02 positron fit and Fermi-LAT/HESS gamma-ray consistency are quoted from the 2015 paper benchmark with an assumed local boost factor of 6400, and no reusable likelihood over (m_chi, c_d, boost) exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast with current AMS-02 positron data and Fermi-LAT/HESS limits using published likelihood tabulations (e.g. MadDM's indirect-detection likelihoods or LikeDM) applied to the muon-channel internal-bremsstrahlung spectra, treating the local-overdensity boost as a nuisance parameter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1504_03610_two_portal_fermionic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-portal fermionic dark matter model", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.03610", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No ready-to-run combined likelihood exists for this model over LUX/XENON recoil limits, the LHC invisible-Higgs width, and the Fermi-LAT Galactic-center excess; the paper's allowed regions are overlay-style exclusions with no rerun likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire DDCalc (or equivalent) xenon likelihoods, the ATLAS/CMS invisible-Higgs-width bound, and a published Fermi GCE spectral likelihood into a joint scan over (m_chi, m_Zprime, m_hprime, g_prime, alpha), updating from LUX/XENON100 to current xenon exposures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_09992_thermal_wino_smallest_halos_v1", "model_name": "Thermal wino dark matter with inelastic kinetic decoupling", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.09992", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihood connects the wino prediction to data: neither an indirect-detection gamma-ray likelihood that propagates the cutoff-dependent subhalo boost factor into Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation limits, nor a direct-detection likelihood for the loop-induced sigma_SI near the neutrino background, has been reconstructed for this route.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Fermi-LAT dwarf/Galactic-halo and H.E.S.S./CTA Galactic-center likelihoods for the ~3 TeV Sommerfeld-enhanced wino annihilation spectrum with the boost factor (and its uncertainty) from the calibrated subhalo model, and implement the loop-level sigma_SI in a direct-detection likelihood tool such as DDCalc against current xenon exposures.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_09582_secluded_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Secluded vector dark matter with hidden scalar mediator", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09582", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined constraint comparison is only qualitative: XENON1T/LZ direct-detection contours and the BBN reheating screen exist as figures in the paper, and no pipeline wires the public Fermi-LAT dSph likelihood and Planck energy-injection bound to the model's cascade spectra for a quantitative scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI analytically from (alpha, g_dm, m_X, m_S) and compare against the published XENON1T/LZ limit curves, interface the cascade photon spectra to the public Fermi-LAT dSph bin-by-bin likelihoods and Planck f_eff injection bound, and encode the tau_S < 0.03 s BBN screen, producing pass-fail-with-likelihood flags across the parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_bl_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic U(1) B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for the model's cascade annihilation: applying Fermi-LAT dwarf limits to S S -> Z' Z' with B-L (neutrino-rich) Z-prime branching fractions requires computing the boosted photon spectrum per final state, which the card only encodes qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Use MadDM or PPPC4DMID spectra boosted through the Z' two-body cascade to build the gamma-ray spectrum for B-L branching fractions, then evaluate the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods to produce <sigma v>_0 limits as a function of (m_S, m_Z_prime).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_11325_b_minus_l_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-mass weakly coupled B-L gauge boson Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "b_minus_l_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.11325", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "CMB energy-injection and AMS-02 antiproton constraints are imported from analyses assuming 100% dark-photon-like branching; no recast exists that uses the actual Z_BL branching fractions to SM fermions (including right-handed neutrinos) and the Sommerfeld-enhanced chi chi -> Z_BL Z_BL annihilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Z_BL partial widths from the B-L charges, derive the cascade annihilation spectra (e.g. with PPPC4DMID-style tables reweighted by BR(Z_BL -> f fbar)), compute f_eff for the Planck annihilation bound and rerun an AMS-02 antiproton limit with the corrected spectra, including the Sommerfeld factor for the light mediator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_14354_complex_vector_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex vector condensate dark matter with magnetic dipole coupling", "family": "vector_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.14354", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific likelihood connects the condensate-sourced magnetic field to data: the paper compares only to a quoted 1e-19 G to 1e-9 G window, without applying Planck PMF likelihoods or blazar/gamma-ray intergalactic-field constraints to the model's (B_0, coherence length, formation redshift) parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the field spectrum is available, map (B_0, coherence length) onto the published Planck PMF constraint machinery and gamma-ray cascade lower bounds, packaging the comparison as a reusable likelihood over (M, lambda, rho_Q, formation time).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_14421_pico_charged_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pico-charged particles from dark matter decay", "family": "decaying_pico_charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.14421", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood confronts the trapped C anti-C annihilation prediction with INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV line intensity and morphology data or with Voyager/in-flight-annihilation positron bounds; the paper's m_C < 12 MeV guidance is only a summary statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine the annihilation morphology from the gap_1 transport model with the INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV sky-map likelihood and published positron injection-energy constraints into a recast module over (m_C, q_C, f), recovering the m_C < 12 MeV positron-safety condition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_13689_spiked_extended_pbh_mass_function_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spiked extended primordial black-hole mass-function dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.13689", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end evaporation constraint pipeline exists for the low-mass tail of the spiked distribution: the paper computes no evaporation spectrum, and gamma-ray/BBN/relic bounds are only available as monochromatic compilation curves rather than a likelihood over the extended f_PBH(M).", "proposed_resolution": "Generate Hawking spectra for the low-mass component with BlackHawk, integrate over the spiked mass function, and compare against extragalactic/Galactic gamma-ray background data (and relic-abundance bookkeeping for Planck-mass relics), wrapping the result as a reusable evaporation recast over arbitrary mass functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_03313_superheavy_lepton_virtual_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy lepton dark matter decaying through virtual black holes", "family": "superheavy_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03313", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No UHECR spectrum/composition likelihood or IceCube/Baikal neutrino likelihood is available for this decaying superheavy-lepton model; the card gives only qualitative lifetime windows (tau_L/t_U ~ 1e3-1e4) with no numeric exclusion contour.", "proposed_resolution": "Propagate the HDMSpectra injection through CRPropa (galactic plus extragalactic components with an NFW halo profile) and recast published Auger/TA UHECR flux limits and IceCube EHE diffuse-neutrino limits on decaying dark matter into a (M_L, tau_L) exclusion, following existing superheavy decaying-DM constraint analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13607_z2_complex_scalar_scattering_adm_v1", "model_name": "Z_2 complex scalar singlet asymmetric dark matter from CP-violating scatterings", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13607", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for the residual annihilation phi anti-phi to eta eta with visible eta decays: the eta branching fractions from Higgs mixing, the box/continuum photon spectra, and the asymmetry-weighted flux normalization (proportional to surviving particle times antiparticle densities via r_infty) have not been folded into Fermi-LAT or CTA analyses.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive eta branching fractions from the Higgs-mixing angle, generate the boxed and cascade photon spectra for eta pair final states, weight the flux by the asymmetric densities, and evaluate against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods and CTA galactic-center sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_08883_inert_doublet_triplet_vll_assisted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet scalar dark matter assisted by a Y=1 vector-like triplet lepton", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08883", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific direct/indirect-detection likelihood pipeline exists; the source only compares benchmarks to published PandaX-4T/LZ and Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. limit curves rather than rerunning current likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI and annihilation-cross-section outputs to DDCalc (LZ/PandaX-4T) and published Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods to obtain a proper joint constraint on the benchmark scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412048_gmsb_messenger_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "GMSB messenger-sector scalar dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_messenger_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412048", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The HESS Galactic-center interpretation has never been tested against a modern likelihood: no pipeline combines electroweak-corrected 20-30 TeV annihilation spectra with current HESS/Fermi (and projected CTA) Galactic-center data and astrophysical background models.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate NN and H_u H_d channel spectra with HDMSpectra or PPPC4DMID-class tables including electroweak corrections, convolve with NFW/Einasto J-factors, and recast against published HESS inner-halo likelihoods with a diffuse astrophysical background component to test whether the 20-30 TeV window survives.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_2749_fourth_generation_majorana_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-generation Majorana neutrino dark matter with residual U(1)_F parity", "family": "fourth_generation_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.2749", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection exclusion (55 GeV < m_1 < 175 GeV from XENON100 after r_Omega rescaling) rests on a 2011-era dataset with no likelihood; no recast against modern xenon exposures (which probe orders of magnitude deeper for a Z/Higgs-coupled Majorana fermion) exists, so the currently viable mass window above the top mass is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model through current xenon direct-detection likelihoods (e.g. LZ/XENONnT results via public recasting frameworks), applying the r_Omega relic-fraction rescaling from the freeze-out calculation, to produce an updated exclusion in the (m_1, theta) plane including both spin-independent and spin-dependent channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_fermion_dm_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic fermion WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The constraint stage relies on paper-level approximate recasts: no packaged likelihoods exist for the LEP four-fermion bounds on leptophilic mediators, the loop-induced direct-detection limits, or the DAMPE electron/positron peak fit with its assumed 17-35x nearby-subhalo boost, so exclusions cannot be reproduced or updated within the registry.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast package: digitize LEP four-fermion contact-interaction bounds for scalar/pseudoscalar lepton couplings, implement loop-induced nucleon and electron scattering limits via DDCalc-style wrappers of PandaX/XENON/LZ results, and build a DAMPE spectral likelihood (electron injection plus local propagation with GALPROP/DRAGON and an explicit subhalo-boost nuisance parameter), validated against the paper's allowed/excluded operator table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_fermion_dm_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic fermion WIMP with vector mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The constraint stage relies on paper-level approximate recasts: no packaged likelihoods exist for the LEP four-fermion bounds on the leptophilic Z prime, the tree-level and loop-induced direct-detection limits on vector couplings, or the DAMPE electron/positron peak fit with its assumed 17-35x nearby-subhalo boost, so exclusions cannot be reproduced or updated within the registry.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast package: digitize LEP four-fermion contact-interaction bounds for vector/axial-vector lepton couplings, implement spin-independent and helicity-suppressed scattering limits via DDCalc-style wrappers of PandaX/XENON/LZ results, and build a DAMPE spectral likelihood (electron injection plus local propagation with GALPROP/DRAGON and an explicit subhalo-boost nuisance parameter), validated against the paper's allowed/excluded operator table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_scalar_dm_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood or recast code exists for the combined constraint set on leptophilic spin-0 mediators: LEP four-fermion contact-interaction limits, loop-induced direct-detection bounds (PandaX/XENON-family), and lepton g-2; the paper applies these only as one-off analytic recasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the LEP e+e- -> l+l- contact-interaction likelihood and the loop-level DM-nucleon cross-section mapping in a public recast package (e.g. a GAMBIT/DDCalc module or a standalone likelihood layer over micrOMEGAs output), updated to current LZ/XENONnT limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_scalar_dm_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The DAMPE electron/positron peak interpretation has no quantitative likelihood: the required 17-35 local density boost from a nearby subhalo is an assumed number with no probabilistic model from subhalo statistics, and the spectral fit itself is not distributed as a likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a DAMPE e+e- spectral likelihood (peak plus background) coupled to a nearby-subhalo boost prior derived from CDM subhalo catalogs (e.g. from published N-body subhalo mass/spatial distributions), so the boost assumption becomes a marginalizable nuisance parameter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_scalar_dm_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar WIMP with vector mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood or recast code exists for the combined leptophilic Z-prime constraint set: LEP four-fermion contact-interaction limits, loop-induced nucleon and electron scattering bounds, and g-2; the paper applies these as one-off recasts only.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the LEP contact-interaction likelihood and the loop-level DM-nucleon/electron scattering mapping for leptophilic vector mediators in a public recast layer over micrOMEGAs output (e.g. a GAMBIT/DDCalc-style module), updated to current LZ/XENONnT limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_scalar_dm_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar WIMP with vector mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The DAMPE electron/positron peak interpretation has no quantitative likelihood: the assumed 17-35 nearby-subhalo density boost has no probabilistic model from subhalo statistics, and the spectral fit is not distributed as a likelihood, which matters doubly here because the p-wave-suppressed <sigma v>_0 must be compared quantitatively to the required rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a DAMPE e+e- spectral likelihood coupled to a nearby-subhalo boost prior derived from published CDM subhalo catalogs, so velocity-suppressed models can be quantitatively excluded rather than dismissed by rough rate arguments.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2012_15284_resonance_scanning_higgs_portal_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Resonance-scanning Higgs-portal light fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2012.15284", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing Higgs-portal likelihood compilations (GAMBIT-style direct-detection, XENON1T, and invisible-Higgs likelihoods) are built for standard fixed-mass Higgs-portal models and have not been recast for a sub-GeV scanned fermion with a decoupled late-time coupling, so obs_subgev_higgs_portal_scattering has only qualitative target status.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the GAMBIT Higgs-portal and invisible-Higgs-width likelihoods at the model's late-time (lambda_h, m_DM) point and add projected sub-GeV low-threshold detector sensitivities (phonon/ionization concepts cited by the card) as forecast likelihood curves for the scanned benchmark region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_05684_z3_scalar_semiproduction_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scalar dark matter with semi-production freeze-in", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.05684", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Indirect-detection constraints are only an illustrative recast of shifted b-bbar limits: no pipeline generates the point-dependent photon spectra of the (semi-)annihilation final states through the Higgs-mixed light mediator and evaluates them against the Planck CMB energy-injection, Fermi-LAT/MAGIC dwarf, and CTA likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate per-point photon spectra for mediator-cascade final states with Pythia/PPPC4DMID (via MadDM or a custom interface), compute f_eff for the Planck energy-injection bound, and evaluate the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood and CTA projection instead of the shifted b-bbar curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0412058_split_susy_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Split-Supersymmetry neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412058", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern likelihood pipeline is connected to this card: the relic, direct-detection, and indirect-detection constraints are WMAP/CDMS-era targets flagged recasting_needed, so current Planck, XENON/LZ-class, and Fermi-LAT data cannot be applied to the (M_1, M_2, mu) parameter space as encoded.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the split-SUSY electroweakino sector in an existing global-fit framework (e.g., GAMBIT with micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY backends) and evaluate it against Planck Omega h^2, DDCalc direct-detection likelihoods, and Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods, replacing the historical constraint rows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1406_0228_asymmetric_right_handed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric right-handed sneutrino dark matter in a supersymmetric neutrinophilic Higgs model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.0228", "score": 19.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculation-to-likelihood pipeline exists for the suppressed indirect signatures: secondary gamma rays and neutrinos produced by cosmic rays scattering on the asymmetric (annihilation-free) sneutrino halo have neither a flux calculator nor a comparison against Fermi/IceCube data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the cosmic-ray-on-DM upscattering flux for the Yukawa-portal couplings (following the related Dirac-sneutrino treatment), fold it with Galactic cosmic-ray and DM density models, and recast against public Fermi-LAT diffuse gamma-ray and IceCube neutrino likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_3460_large_volume_light_modulus_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-volume light modulus dark matter", "family": "moduli_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.3460", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern MeV gamma-ray likelihood (COMPTEL, INTEGRAL/SPI, including the 511 keV positron channel) is packaged for decaying-dark-matter recasting of this model; the card's constraint is only the paper's analytic comparison to a COMPTEL diffuse-background fit, with likelihood_available: partial.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable decaying-DM likelihood over COMPTEL diffuse and INTEGRAL/SPI line data (photon line at m_phi/2 plus 511 keV injection), parameterized by (m_phi, tau, Omega_phi/Omega_DM) with standard Milky Way halo decay D-factors, and validate against the paper's COMPTEL density-fraction bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0709_3918_nonthermal_neutralino_mirage_mediation_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal neutralino dark matter in mirage mediation", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.3918", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "All constraints on the card are 2007-era (WMAP-3 abundance band, XENON10, pre-Fermi indirect prospects, old Higgs/flavor limits) with likelihood_available marked no; no modernized likelihood recast of the mirage-mediation nonthermal region against Planck, LZ/XENONnT/PandaX, LHC, and Fermi/AMS data exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the (M_0, alpha, tan_beta) scan with SoftSUSY plus micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY, applying a Planck relic-density Gaussian, DDCalc likelihoods for current xenon experiments, Fermi dwarf-spheroidal and AMS-02 positron limits for the enhanced <sigma v>, and current Higgs-mass/flavor constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_1613_mixed_bino_higgsino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mixed bino-Higgsino neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.1613", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled multi-channel likelihood exists for the bino-Higgsino parameter space: the card's direct-detection, IceCube/DeepCore solar-capture, and LHC dilepton-edge constraints are all logged with unknown likelihood availability and paper-era (CDMSII/XENON100) data, so WMAP/Planck-compatible mixing regions cannot be scored against modern data.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the existing public components into a joint likelihood for (M_1, M_2, mu, tan beta, m_A): DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT SI and SD likelihoods, DarkSUSY solar capture fed into the nulike IceCube likelihood, and an LHC electroweakino dilepton recast via CheckMATE or SModelS, bracketing the hadronic matrix element f_s as the paper prescribes (a GAMBIT-style scan provides all pieces).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1106_4320_hylogenesis_antibaryonic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hylogenesis antibaryonic dark matter with induced nucleon decay", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.4320", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No ready-to-use likelihood or efficiency table exists for induced nucleon decay in water Cherenkov detectors: standard Super-K nucleon-decay selections assume back-to-back two-body kinematics, while IND mesons carry harder momenta of order the GeV-scale mass splitting, so existing lifetime limits cannot be applied without a dedicated topology recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate IND meson final states (e.g. p psi -> phi* K+ type topologies) in a public water-Cherenkov detector simulation, derive selection efficiencies versus meson momentum, and publish a recast efficiency table or likelihood that maps tau_N_IND in the 1e29-1e32 yr range onto Super-K (and Hyper-K) exposure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1112_3461_flavour_vacuum_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric flavour-vacuum dark matter", "family": "flavour_vacuum_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1112.3461", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No background-cosmology likelihood pipeline exists for the model: the (m1, m2, theta, K, a0) parameter space has never been confronted with CMB distance priors, BAO, or SNe data, and the card records likelihood_available: no on both constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the fermionic dust and bosonic dark-energy sectors as effective fluids (rho(a), w_eff(a)) in CLASS, and sample (m1, m2, theta, K, a0) against Planck compressed likelihoods, BAO, and Pantheon+ with Cobaya or MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_5284_ekpyrotic_reheating_inflaton_remnant_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ekpyrotic-reheating inflaton-remnant dark matter", "family": "scalar_inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.5284", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood of any kind is attached to the model (route lists 'No public likelihood identified'; both constraints have likelihood_available: no): the survival condition is an analytic threshold only, and the card explicitly notes the absence of BBN and CMB energy-injection likelihoods for a TeV remnant whose decay rate can sit just below the 10^-26 s^-1 survival threshold.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model onto existing decaying-dark-matter constraint machinery: feed Gamma_phi and the Yukawa-determined fermionic decay/annihilation spectra into ExoCLASS/DarkAges-style CMB energy-injection likelihoods and published Planck decaying-DM lifetime bounds, and compare Omega_DM h^2 against the Planck measurement instead of the WMAP-era 0.1126 +/- 0.0036 target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_5539_natural_susy_higgsino_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Natural SUSY higgsino-axion dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_mixed_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.5539", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern experimental likelihoods are bundled for this model: XENON-era direct-detection curves, Fermi dwarf gamma-ray limits, and an LHC compressed-electroweakino recast all need to be assembled and applied with the neutralino-fraction rescaling (linear for direct rates, quadratic for indirect).", "proposed_resolution": "Wire DDCalc (XENONnT/LZ) with Omega_chi rescaling, the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood with (Omega_chi/Omega_DM)^2 flux scaling, and SModelS/CheckMATE soft-lepton compressed-higgsino analyses into the route as reusable likelihood modules.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_1222_hidden_u1x_asymmetric_y_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1)_x asymmetric Y dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.1222", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection or gamma-ray likelihood is implemented for the residual symmetric-component annihilation; the card only quotes a WMAP7-style bound and marks likelihood_available no with recasting_needed yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute f_eff from the cascade spectra and evaluate the Planck exotic-energy-injection constraint with ExoCLASS/CLASS plus the Planck likelihood, and recast Fermi continuum limits scaled by the residual symmetric fraction r_infty.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_3227_vector_fermion_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector fermion-portal dark matter", "family": "vector_fermion_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.3227", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern collider recast exists for the heavy vector-like fermion partners with dark-sector decay topologies; only source-era (2014) bounds are recorded, leaving the mediator mass constraint outdated.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the UFO model from gap_1, recast Run-2 LHC searches for third-generation partners plus missing energy with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, and update Higgs-invisible and oblique-parameter constraints with current fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3657_multicomponent_ohe_uu_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Multicomponent OHe and UU dark atoms", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3657", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmic-ray likelihood pipeline exists for the subdominant UU++ decay fit: the AMS-02 positron and Fermi diffuse-gamma comparison (f_UU ~ 1e-6, m_UU ~ 1 TeV, tau_UU ~ 1e20 s) was never rerun and likelihood_available is no.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the same-sign dilepton injection spectra from HDMSpectra/PPPC tables, propagate with DRAGON or GALPROP, and wrap AMS-02 positron-flux and Fermi diffuse-gamma data in a likelihood over (f_UU, m_UU, tau_UU, branching fractions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_1485_light_dark_photon_force_v1", "model_name": "Light dark photon force dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1485", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood is available for confronting the cascade spectra with the Fermi Galactic Center excess, AMS-02 positrons, and dwarf-galaxy limits; the card's indirect constraint has likelihood_available: partial with recasting_needed: yes and states no current likelihoods were rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a multimessenger likelihood suite: a Galactic Center excess spectrum likelihood with halo-profile (J-factor) nuisance parameters, the public Fermi dwarf-galaxy bin-by-bin likelihoods, an AMS-02 positron likelihood with propagation nuisances, and a Planck energy-injection term computed from the gap_1 spectra via an ExoCLASS/DarkHistory-type deposition calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_1485_light_dark_scalar_force_v1", "model_name": "Light dark scalar force dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1485", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood pipeline exists to confront the scalar-cascade spectra with the Fermi Galactic Center excess, AMS-02 positrons, dwarf-galaxy limits, CMB energy injection, and the BBN mediator-lifetime bound; all three card constraints require recasting and none were rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood suite combining a Galactic Center excess spectral likelihood with J-factor nuisances, public Fermi dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods, an AMS-02 positron likelihood, a Planck energy-injection term computed from the gap_1 spectra with an ExoCLASS/DarkHistory-type deposition code, and a tau_phi < 1 s BBN cut evaluated from the gap_1 width module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_00508_accidental_complex_scalar_z3_v1", "model_name": "Accidental complex scalar Z3 dark matter in scale-invariant local B-L", "family": "z3_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00508", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No Galactic-center gamma-ray likelihood is wired for the semi-annihilation signal into a 44.3 GeV pseudo-Goldstone decaying to b quarks, so the gamma-ray-excess fit at the 51 GeV benchmark cannot be evaluated numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the photon spectrum from the boosted pseudo-Goldstone-to-bb cascade with PPPC4DMID/micrOMEGAs and fit it against a published Galactic-center excess spectrum with covariance matrix (Calore-et-al.-style likelihood) with the J-factor as a nuisance parameter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_05890_scale_invariant_pseudoscalar_wimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant pseudoscalar WIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "scale_invariant_wimpzilla_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05890", "score": 19.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for ultraheavy (order-PeV and above) dark-matter searches applicable to a stable CP-odd relic with Higgs-portal couplings; the card records likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes for the search recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recasting likelihood from published ultraheavy-DM direct-search and indirect (gamma-ray/neutrino decay) limits as tabulated exclusion surfaces in (M_eta, sigma_nucleon, tau_eta), so both the stable benchmark and CP-violating deformations can be scored.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_04352_charged_q_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charged Q-ball dark matter from B and L direction", "family": "charged_q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.04352", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast or likelihood exists for charged Q-ball absorption signatures (KKST pion-emission plus electromagnetic signatures) in Super-Kamiokande or IceCube; the card explicitly notes this recast was not performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a flux-based likelihood from published Super-Kamiokande and IceCube monopole/Q-ball slow-particle search results, mapping the Q-ball radius-dependent absorption cross section and pion/photon emission signature onto the reported effective areas and background rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_scalar_dm_gluon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar dark matter with 750 GeV gluon portal mediator", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented indirect-detection likelihood exists for this model: the gg-final-state gamma-ray spectrum must be mapped onto the Fermi-LAT six-year dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods (and the GCE spectral fit), since published dwarf limits are quoted for b-bbar/tau benchmarks and only a conservative rescaling to gluons is sketched in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate gg annihilation spectra with PPPC4DMID or Pythia showering, insert them into the released Fermi-LAT dwarf combined bin-by-bin likelihood with a standard J-factor treatment, and fit the GCE spectrum at the ~60 GeV scalar mass to replace the conservative rescaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_scalar_dm_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar dark matter with 750 GeV quark-coupled portal mediator", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented dwarf-spheroidal likelihood recast exists for this model's b bbar (and tau) annihilation channel, including the velocity-dependence caveat for pseudoscalar-type mediation, so the GCE-favored region cannot be quantitatively confronted with the Fermi-LAT six-year dwarf limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model's annihilation spectrum (from PPPC4DMID tables or Pythia showering of b bbar/tau final states) into the public Fermi-LAT dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods (e.g. via MadDM's indirect-detection module), with an explicit velocity-averaged cross section for the scalar-vs-pseudoscalar mediator cases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1607_01469_bl_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-L freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.01469", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the radiative decay line of an MeV-mass sterile neutrino: standard keV X-ray line analyses do not cover the ~0.6-5 MeV photon energies implied by M_N1 = 1.2-10 MeV, and the card records photon-line likelihood unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decaying-DM line likelihood from COMPTEL/INTEGRAL-SPI and EGRET/Fermi diffuse-photon data covering 0.1-10 MeV, parameterized in (M_N1, theta) via the standard N1 -> nu gamma rate, and package it as a reusable module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1611_08341_minimal_so10_bino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal SUSY SO(10) benchmark with bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.08341", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled modern direct/indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for this benchmark: the card compares only to superseded LUX numbers and quotes IceCube spin-dependent limits without running the released likelihood, so current xenon (LZ/XENONnT-era) and solar-capture constraints are not evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the reconstructed benchmark through micrOMEGAs with DDCalc for current xenon likelihoods and through the public IceCube 79-string solar-WIMP likelihood (nulike), using the benchmark annihilation branching fractions for the capture-annihilation mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05492_flaxion_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flaxion axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05492", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the flavor-dependent flaxion constraints: the mu -> e a rare-decay bound, stellar-cooling limits, and SN1987A energy-loss bound must each be mapped through the model's U(1)_F charge-dependent lepton and nucleon couplings (C_l/f_a, C_N/f_a), and the card bundles neither the charge-to-coupling mapper listed in required_code_resources nor any likelihood implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the flavor-charge coupling mapper (charges plus v_phi/M in, C_l, C_N, and off-diagonal flaxion-fermion couplings out) and attach approximate likelihoods from the published TWIST/rare-decay Br(mu -> e a) < 1.1e-9 limit, red-giant/white-dwarf cooling bounds, and SN1987A cooling bounds, so f_a lower limits can be scanned over charge textures alongside the misalignment abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_06947_light_higgsino_nonthermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "High-scale SUSY light neutral higgsino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.06947", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood is implemented for higgsino annihilation into electroweak final states: the route cannot turn the post-gravitino-decay annihilation cross section plus a halo model into a quantitative gamma-ray reach or exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (and CTA Galactic-center projections) using WW/ZZ/gamma-line spectra from PPPC4DMID-style tables for the higgsino mass range, wired to the model's annihilation cross section and a standard NFW halo parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00691_u1d_dark_sector_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D dark-sector Majorana WIMP model", "family": "hidden_sector_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "1710.00691", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gamma-ray line likelihood or background model is available for the monoenergetic 40-90 GeV gamma plus Goldstone annihilation signal; the paper gives a target line energy but no recast against Fermi-LAT line-search limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the chi_1 chi_1 -> gamma G^0 annihilation cross section from the model couplings and recast it against the published Fermi-LAT Galactic-halo line-search likelihood (or via MadDM's indirect-detection line module) for E_gamma = M_chi1 in the 40-90 GeV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_03089_su2_hidden_vector_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) hidden vector dark matter from dark freeze-out", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.03089", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable galactic-center-excess likelihood exists for the model's Sommerfeld-enhanced 4-fermion cascade final state (AA -> ss/As with s -> SM, e.g. 4-tau for 2 m_tau < m_s < 2 m_b); the paper's GCE comparison is a benchmark fit, not a recastable likelihood, and the self-interaction check uses only a broad sigma/m bound rather than a cluster/galaxy likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute boosted cascade gamma-ray spectra from mediator rest-frame decay spectra, interface them with a public Fermi-LAT galactic-center likelihood, and include the Sommerfeld enhancement at v ~ 1e-3; optionally add a modern SIDM halo likelihood in place of the flat sigma/m < 1 cm^2/g cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_03089_u1_hidden_vector_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "U(1) hidden vector dark matter from dark freeze-out", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.03089", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable galactic-center-excess likelihood exists for the model's Sommerfeld-enhanced 4-fermion cascade final state (AA -> ss with s -> SM, e.g. 4-tau for 2 m_tau < m_s < 2 m_b); the paper's GCE comparison is a benchmark fit, not a recastable likelihood, and the self-interaction check uses only a broad sigma/m bound rather than a halo likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute boosted cascade gamma-ray spectra from mediator rest-frame decay spectra, interface them with a public Fermi-LAT galactic-center likelihood including the Sommerfeld enhancement at v ~ 1e-3; optionally replace the flat sigma/m < 1 cm^2/g cut with a modern SIDM halo likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_05068_top_philic_vectorlike_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Top-philic vector-like portal scalar dark matter", "family": "vector_like_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.05068", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection, gamma-ray spectral-feature, or LHC recast likelihood is assembled for this model (all three constraints have likelihood_available 'partial' and were not rerun), so the multichannel complementarity conclusions (m_S reach near 700 GeV, mediator reach near 6 TeV) cannot be re-evaluated or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a combined likelihood: DDCalc for XENON1T/LZ spin-independent limits on the loop-induced sigma_SI, the public Fermi-LAT dwarf and spectral-feature likelihoods applied to the t tbar plus internal-bremsstrahlung spectra, and a MadGraph+Delphes recast of Run-2 stop/top-partner searches (via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis PADs) including compressed-spectrum signal regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_10107_neutron_dark_decay_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay Dirac fermion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10107", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The UCNA electron-positron limit is applied only as a quoted branching bound in the 100-644 keV kinetic-energy window; no digitized limit versus T_e+e- or spectrum-folding recast exists to test general (m_chi, h_V, h_A) points, and the card flags that the constraint needs current experimental updates.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the UCNA (and PERKEO) e- e+ exclusion versus pair kinetic energy, fold the model's predicted pair spectrum for each m_chi through the window and detection efficiency, and package the result as a branching-ratio likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1812_02182_charged_leptophilic_dark_electron_v1", "model_name": "Charged leptophilic dark electron model", "family": "charged_leptophilic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1812.02182", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmic-ray propagation pipeline or DAMPE electron/positron likelihood is available for the leptophilic annihilation channels, so the 1.4 TeV CRE spectral feature cannot be quantitatively confronted with data; the route lists 'No CRE propagation likelihood bundled' and s1 notes propagation is not modeled.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's charged-lepton annihilation spectra (per flavor choice of g_i) in a public propagation code such as GALPROP or DRAGON, and build a binned DAMPE CRE likelihood including local dark-matter density and diffusion-parameter systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_11930_secluded_u1_singlino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Secluded U(1)' singlino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.11930", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The constraint step applies scan-level cuts rather than versioned experimental likelihoods: none of the Planck relic, XENONnT/DARWIN direct-detection, Fermi-LAT dwarf, or Higgs-invisible constraints is attached as a reusable likelihood (all record likelihood_available: unknown), and the Fermi-LAT limit in particular needs model-specific annihilation spectra and J-factor machinery before it becomes an exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood pipeline for the scan: DDCalc (or equivalent) for current and projected xenon-target limits on sigma_SI, the public Fermi-LAT six-year dwarf-spheroidal likelihood evaluated with final-state-specific gamma-ray spectra for the model's Higgs and A-funnel channels, a Gaussian Planck 2018 relic-density likelihood, and HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals or Lilith for the invisible branching ratio, all versioned per scan point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_09282_z3_leptophilic_complex_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 leptophilic complex scalar dark matter with vector-like lepton mediator", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.09282", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated indirect-detection likelihood exists for the model's distinctive box-shaped positron spectrum from SS -> e+ e- S* semi-annihilation or for the radiative SS* -> e+ e- gamma spectral features; the paper recasts AMS-02 e+e- annihilation bounds as a proxy and uses CTA projections, not a public likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate box and internal-bremsstrahlung spectra for the semi-annihilation topology (micrOMEGAs or MadDM), propagate positrons with GALPROP/DRAGON, and build an AMS-02 positron likelihood plus a Fermi-LAT/CTA spectral-feature likelihood parameterized in (m_S, m_VLL, lambda_3, g).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2206_06768_leptoquark_portal_singlet_vectorlike_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptoquark-portal SU(2)L-singlet vector-like fermion dark matter", "family": "leptoquark_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.06768", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public gamma-ray likelihood pipeline is connected to this model: evaluating HESS constraints and CTA reach requires recasting multi-TeV annihilation spectra through Galactic-center and dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods, which the card marks as not rerun (likelihood_available partial, tool_or_code null at step s3).", "proposed_resolution": "Generate annihilation spectra for the model's final states (e.g. with PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra at multi-TeV masses via micrOMEGAs), then evaluate them against public HESS Galactic-center likelihoods and CTA sensitivity projections using an indirect-detection likelihood package such as gamLike or the MadDM indirect module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04680_anomalous_u1_le_lmu_ltau_axi_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) L_e+L_mu+L_tau axi-Higgs portal fermionic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04680", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gamma-ray likelihood is wired to the model: the Fermi LAT, CTA, and H.E.S.S. safety claim is taken from the source paper and cannot be re-evaluated for the model's specific mix of W W, Z Z, gamma gamma, Z gamma, and leptonic channels, including its line features.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate per-channel photon spectra with PPPC4DMID (continuum) plus the gamma gamma / Z gamma line components from the micrOMEGAs branching fractions, and evaluate them against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods (via gamLike or MadDM's indirect-detection module) and published H.E.S.S./CTA Galactic-center sensitivity curves over m_DM = 70-460 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04680_anomalous_u1_lmu_ltau_axi_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) L_mu-L_tau axi-Higgs portal fermionic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04680", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gamma-ray likelihood recast exists for this model: the claimed safety from Fermi LAT, CTA, and H.E.S.S. is quoted from the primary paper without rerunning any likelihood, and no pipeline maps the model's WW/ZZ/Zgamma annihilation branching fractions (including the Zgamma line) to instrument-level limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate photon spectra per channel with micrOMEGAs/PPPC4DMID tables, then evaluate the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal binned likelihoods and H.E.S.S./CTA Galactic-center line and continuum limits over the benchmark grid, treating the Zgamma line channel separately.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503052_su5_goldstino_bino_wino_split_susy_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) Goldstino split-SUSY Bino-Wino neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503052", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled modern detection likelihood recast exists for the Bino-Wino/Bino-Higgsino transition regime of this split-SUSY model: the card's detection constraint is marked recast_required with likelihood_available partial and step s4 has no tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a GAMBIT-style pipeline coupling micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY outputs to DDCalc for LZ/XENONnT spin-independent limits, Fermi dwarf and antiproton likelihoods, and LHC electroweakino search recasts, scanned over M1, M2, mu, tan_beta.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1007_5100_no_scale_fsu5_golden_point_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "No-Scale F-SU(5) Golden Point neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.5100", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Constraints on the Golden Point rest on paper-era WMAP7, CDMSII, XENON100, Fermi-LAT, and pre-Run-2 LHC limits; no modern combined likelihood (Planck relic band, LZ/XENONnT sigma_SI, current LHC gluino/stau-coannihilation searches, Super-K/Hyper-K proton-decay limits) has been recast onto the benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast pipeline using DDCalc for LZ/XENONnT, SModelS or CheckMATE for current LHC SUSY searches on the light-gluino spectrum, Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods for the gamma-gamma rate, and compare the predicted tau_p = 4.6e34 yr against current Super-Kamiokande limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_5865_hidden_condensate_matter_parity_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-condensate matter-parity-violating gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5865", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable combined likelihood exists for the three constraints that define the allowed Lambda window: the catalytic-BBN NLSP lifetime bound, the Fermi-LAT gamma-line bound on the gravitino lifetime, and the hidden pseudo-NG overclosure check; the card only records paper-era approximate bounds needing recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module that combines an updated late-decay BBN injection code (AlterBBN or ACROPOLIS with catalytic Li-6 for charged NLSPs) with current Fermi-LAT gamma-ray line likelihoods, taking (tau_NLSP, tau_3/2, Omega_PNG h^2) as inputs and returning a joint likelihood over (Lambda, M_S, m_3/2).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_3967_asymmetric_inelastic_fermion_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric inelastic vector-like fermion doublet dark matter from triplet scalar leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_fermion_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.3967", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood covers inelastic Z-mediated nuclear recoils with O(keV) splitting for this model: the DAMA/Xenon100 Bayesian comparison is private and source-era, and modern experiments (XENONnT, LZ, PandaX) have not been recast for the ~100 GeV inelastic fermion-doublet target.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an open direct-detection rate/likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc or wimprates within a GAMBIT/pyhf-style likelihood) with the inelastic kinematics (delta ~ keV, minimum-velocity shift) and implement DAMA modulation plus current xenon-experiment likelihoods with explicit halo-parameter priors.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1301_1864_quantum_fermionic_wdm_thomas_fermi_v1", "model_name": "Quantum fermionic warm dark matter Thomas-Fermi galaxy model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1301.1864", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the Thomas-Fermi halo predictions to galaxy data: the card's only constraint is a placeholder (likelihood_available unknown), and there is no statistical pipeline fitting predicted core radii, central densities, or velocity dispersions of dwarf spheroidals to observed kinematics as a function of (m, g, mu(0)).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the gap_1 solver in a Jeans/velocity-dispersion likelihood against published dwarf-spheroidal kinematic datasets (e.g. Milky Way dSph stellar-kinematics compilations) to turn the compact-dwarf phase-space argument into a proper posterior on the WDM particle mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1402_6523_susy_pq_dirac_neutrino_axion_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Peccei-Quinn Dirac-neutrino axion-axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1402.6523", "score": 18.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level likelihood or modern recast exists for the diffuse cosmological neutrino flux from late RH-sneutrino NLSP decays; the paper gives only an analytic flux estimate with no comparison to neutrino-telescope limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published diffuse-neutrino-flux limits (Super-Kamiokande, Borexino, IceCube depending on decay energy) into an upper-limit likelihood on the NLSP abundance, lifetime, and lambda_eff, including redshift integration of the decay spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_2064_pseudoscalar_fermionic_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-scalar fermionic Higgs portal dark matter", "family": "fermionic_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.2064", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card's constraints rest on XENON100-era direct-detection limits (approximate likelihood) and a qualitative indirect-detection discussion with no likelihood at all, so no current experimental likelihood is attached to either the velocity-suppressed recoil prediction or the velocity-independent present-day annihilation rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Lambda_1/Lambda_5 recoil rate against LZ/XENONnT likelihoods with DDCalc, and confront the velocity-independent annihilation cross section into hh/tt/bb with the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods using PPPC4DMID or HDMSpectra-style photon spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_cusp_emission_p_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Nambu-Goto Cusp Emission WIMP dark matter with p-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dwarf-spheroidal gamma-ray likelihood applicable to velocity-suppressed p-wave annihilation is available on the card; the only imported limit is an illustrative s-wave WW Fermi-LAT bound, and p-wave limits require velocity-weighted (effective) J-factors per dwarf.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood profiles using published velocity-dependent (p-wave) effective J-factors for the classical dwarfs, scanned over m_chi and annihilation final state.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_field_theory_string_p_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Field-Theory String Decay WIMP dark matter with p-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dwarf-spheroidal gamma-ray likelihood applicable to velocity-suppressed p-wave annihilation is available on the card; the only imported limit is an illustrative s-wave WW Fermi-LAT bound, and p-wave limits require velocity-weighted (effective) J-factors per dwarf.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood profiles using published velocity-dependent (p-wave) effective J-factors for the classical dwarfs, scanned over m_chi and annihilation final state.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_1222_minimal_hidden_u1x_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal supersymmetric U(1)_x hidden-sector LSP", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.1222", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented CMB energy-injection or gamma-ray likelihood evaluation exists for a subdominant fraction f_chi_x of annihilating hidden neutralinos; likelihood_available is no and no Fermi/HESS or Planck likelihood was evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate Planck exotic-injection bounds via ExoCLASS with f_eff from the cascade spectra and recast Fermi dwarf/Galactic-center continuum likelihoods with rates rescaled by f_chi_x squared.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_07720_confined_colored_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Confined colored relic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07720", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct/indirect-detection or exotic-stable-particle likelihood is available for the composite relics; recasting is flagged as needed for QCD-charged variants but no portal-specific likelihood or recast pipeline exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Once a benchmark portal is fixed, build a recast of existing heavy stable charged/colored particle searches and direct-detection limits (e.g. via a micrOMEGAs/MadDM interface with composite form factors) into a reusable likelihood for the m_X-Lambda_D plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_flavored_bl3_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic third-generation B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for the model's cascade annihilation: applying Fermi-LAT dwarf limits to S S -> Z' Z' with third-generation (tau, b, nu_tau) dominated Z-prime branching fractions requires computing the boosted photon spectrum per final state, which the card encodes only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Use MadDM or PPPC4DMID tau/b spectra boosted through the Z' two-body cascade to build the gamma-ray spectrum for (B-L)_3 branching fractions, then evaluate the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods to produce <sigma v>_0 limits as a function of (m_S, m_Z_prime).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17171_type_x_2hdm_secluded_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Type-X 2HDM secluded Dirac-fermion dark sector", "family": "secluded_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17171", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged indirect-detection pipeline for the secluded cascade: boosted photon spectra from DM DM -> mediator mediator -> leptons are not tabulated for this model, and no Fermi-LAT target and likelihood have been selected for the recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Convolve public leptonic photon-yield tables (PPPC4DMID-style) with the mediator two-body decay boost to obtain dN_gamma/dE, then evaluate against the published Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods for the NFW J-factors assumed in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503052_pati_salam_wino_split_susy_v1", "model_name": "Pati-Salam Goldstino split-SUSY Wino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503052", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented indirect-detection likelihood recast exists for the Wino gamma-line, continuum, antiproton, and positron channels with current data and halo-profile systematics; the card marks the indirect constraint as recast_required with only partial likelihood availability.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module (e.g. within MadDM or a standalone likelihood package) combining published Fermi-LAT/H.E.S.S. line and dSph continuum likelihoods and AMS-02 antiproton likelihoods, taking Sommerfeld-enhanced Wino spectra and a parameterized Milky Way halo profile as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2206_06768_leptoquark_portal_triplet_vectorlike_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptoquark-portal SU(2)L-triplet vector-like fermion dark matter", "family": "leptoquark_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.06768", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public gamma-ray likelihood pipeline is connected to this model: HESS constraints and CTA reach for the ~1.6 TeV and heavier triplet, annihilating dominantly to W+W- and S3 pairs, are cited from the source rather than evaluated (likelihood_available partial, tool_or_code null at step s3).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute annihilation spectra for the W+W-, S3 S3 and coannihilation final states (PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra via micrOMEGAs) and evaluate them against public HESS Galactic-center likelihoods and CTA sensitivity projections with an indirect-detection likelihood package such as gamLike or the MadDM indirect module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_05601_750gev_complex_scalar_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "750 GeV complex-scalar portal Majorana WIMP", "family": "simplified_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05601", "score": 16.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The claim that direct and indirect detection limits are respected rests on paper benchmarks with unknown likelihood availability; no quantitative recast pipeline exists mapping the loop-level gluon/photon effective couplings to current direct-detection and gamma-ray limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the effective chi-nucleon coupling induced by c_GG (via the gluon scalar current) and evaluate it with DDCalc against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, and confront the velocity-dependent annihilation into aa/sa and gamma-line channels with Fermi-LAT/CTA-style indirect likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_01056_kination_freeout_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kination freeze-out Majorana dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01056", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline maps (m_chi, <sigma v>, annihilation channel) to combined Fermi-LAT dwarf and H.E.S.S. Galactic Center exclusions for this scenario; the card marks the constraint likelihood as partial and recasting_needed yes, and the T_R lower bound is channel dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module combining the public Fermi-LAT PASS 8 dwarf bin-by-bin likelihoods with digitized H.E.S.S. Galactic Center limit curves, using PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra-style final-state gamma-ray spectra per annihilation channel, so the channel-dependent T_R floor (0.05-1 GeV) can be reproduced continuously in parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_01050_hidden_su_n_confinement_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-SU(N) confinement induced scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.01050", "score": 15.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern decaying-dark-matter likelihood covers the model's phi -> gamma gamma lifetime constraint across the eV-to-MeV mass range; the exclusion (tau > ~1e27 s) exists only as a gray region in the source figure, with the QCD-coupling dependence of the decay rate not separately reusable.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a lifetime-versus-mass likelihood from published X-ray and gamma-ray decaying-DM line searches (XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, INTEGRAL/SPI, Fermi) spanning eV-MeV, parameterized by the model's loop-induced Gamma(phi -> gamma gamma)(m_phi, M, QCD-coupling ratio), replacing the digitized source figure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_mirrored_neutron_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored neutron dark matter in a visible heavy QCD axion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 15, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No indirect-detection pipeline exists for this model's 100 TeV mirror neutron decaying or annihilating into heavy axions that shower to QCD jets: neither the photon/antiproton spectra for these cascades nor EGRB lifetime, Fermi-LAT dwarf, or AMS-02 antiproton likelihood recasts have been produced (both constraints report recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the axion-to-jet cascade spectra with Pythia (or HDMSpectra for the ~100 TeV regime), then run them through the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods, published AMS-02 antiproton limits, and a Fermi EGRB decaying-DM lifetime bound to map the allowed (m_N', M_a, tau_n') region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1685_zee_babu_z2_real_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Zee-Babu Z2 real scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1685", "score": 14.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gamma-line observable is judged only against the historical tentative Fermi-LAT 130 GeV line target (likelihood_available no); no current gamma-ray line-search likelihood for the loop-induced X X -> gamma gamma rate is in place.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current Fermi-LAT line-search upper limits on <sigma v>_gamma_gamma at 130 GeV as a likelihood over the predicted loop rate, replacing the historical line target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_02718_u1x_charged_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X-charged Z2-odd scalar dark matter in a lepton-specific two-Higgs-doublet model", "family": "u1x_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.02718", "score": 14.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No computation of gamma-ray spectra for the scalar-portal annihilation final states (cascades through H0/A0/H+ scalars) and no application of a Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood exists for this model; the indirect-detection constraint has likelihood_available 'no'.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate annihilation final-state spectra with micrOMEGAs/PPPC4DMID including the scalar cascade decays, and evaluate them against the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal bin-by-bin likelihoods to produce exclusion contours in the scenario-(2) portal-coupling plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_09106_massive_dark_photon_two_component_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive-dark-photon two-component composite pNGB dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.09106", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast exists for indirect-detection and self-interaction constraints on the two-component mixture: dwarf-galaxy annihilation limits must be reweighted by the component fractions and channel mix, and dark-photon-mediated self-interaction bounds for the phi/A_D system have not been derived.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that scales the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood by abundance-weighted annihilation rates (f_i^2 per component and per channel) using spectra from the gap_1 implementation, and derive the massive-mediator self-scattering cross sections for both components for comparison against standard halo SIDM limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03313_superheavy_proton_like_virtual_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy proton-like dark matter decaying through virtual black holes", "family": "superheavy_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03313", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No UHECR spectrum/composition likelihood or multi-messenger (secondary photon/neutrino) likelihood exists for this decaying composite superheavy DM model; the source discusses data only qualitatively and provides no numeric exclusion contour in (M_X, tau_X, Lambda_*).", "proposed_resolution": "Propagate the injection spectra with CRPropa (halo plus extragalactic decay components) and recast published Auger/TA photon-fraction and spectrum limits plus IceCube diffuse-neutrino limits on decaying dark matter into a (M_X, tau_X) likelihood, then map onto Lambda_* via the source lifetime formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_02243_lambda_zero_linear_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "lambda_phi zero linear-breaking scalar singlet dark matter variant", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.02243", "score": 9.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The indirect-detection route lacks an assembled pipeline from W+W-/ZZ/H1H1 annihilation at multi-TeV masses to Fermi-LAT dwarf and CMB energy-injection constraints; spectra and experimental likelihoods are external and unwired.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine tabulated PPPC4DMID (or HDMSpectra for the heaviest masses) final-state spectra with the public Fermi-LAT dSph likelihood and a Planck f_eff energy-injection bound to produce a channel-weighted sigma-v constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5647_zprime_mediated_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Zprime-mediated singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5647", "score": 5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No gamma-ray line likelihood is available for the Z gamma / h gamma channels (con_zprime_line_target has likelihood_available: no); only the historical 130/135 GeV Fermi line target is logged, with no modern Fermi-LAT line-search constraint applied at the 144-160 GeV benchmark masses.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the current Fermi-LAT Galactic-center line-search upper limits on <sigma v> into a likelihood over (m_chi, g_Zprime a1) for the Z gamma and h gamma final states, replacing the historical line target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 3, "rank_structure_formation": 10}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Lyman-α forest modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 280, "n_models": 279, "weight": 7940.4, "n_models_structure_formation": 267, "weight_structure_formation": 7568.9, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 147, "blocks_key_observables": 132, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 223, "large": 50, "small": 7}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_05563_nonthermal_subkev_light_dark_matter_fraction_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal sub-keV light dark matter fraction from radiative decays", "family": "light_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.05563", "score": 52.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation bound f < 0.01 is inferred from generic mixed cold/hot arguments rather than from a dedicated likelihood: no Lyman-alpha, CMB, or sigma8 likelihood has been run against this model's boosted-subcomponent transfer function, so the actual upper limit on f versus m_DM and tau is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or emulator (e.g. the hydrodynamical-simulation-calibrated WDM/mixed-DM chains) plus Planck CMB data onto the mixed transfer functions from gap_2, producing f(m_DM, tau) exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_07706_dark_fermion_relaxion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-fermion-production relaxion warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07706", "score": 48.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Lyman-alpha likelihood applies to this model's mixed case: the constraint is imposed only as the thermal-relic 5-5.3 keV m_WDM bound, which does not cover a partial warm fraction f_WDM < 1 or a diluted non-standard spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood built for mixed cold-plus-warm dark matter, parameterized by (m_WDM_equivalent, f_WDM), using the transfer functions from the derived f(p) rather than the pure-thermal mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_08579_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08579", "score": 45.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No ready Lyman-alpha likelihood accepts the nonthermal freeze-in momentum distribution directly; the card notes the thermal-WDM template can misestimate the bound, and the exact transfer-function-to-likelihood mapping was not reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the tabulated f(p) through CLASS ncdm to obtain T(k), then apply a shape-based Lyman-alpha recast (area criterion or the Murgia et al. alpha-beta-gamma parameterization with the MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 likelihood) instead of the half-mode thermal-WDM mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_02530_b3_dfsz_axion_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-triality DFSZ axion and light-axino dark matter model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.02530", "score": 45, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Structure-formation constraints (Lyman-alpha, MW satellites) are calibrated for fully thermal WDM, not for a mixed cold-axion plus subdominant nonthermal warm-axino cosmology, so no direct likelihood exists for the warm-fraction versus axino-mass plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the mixed-DM transfer functions from CLASS onto existing mixed cold+warm Lyman-alpha analyses (fraction-versus-mass exclusion surfaces) or re-run an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator on the suppressed power spectra, releasing the result as a (f_warm, m_axino) likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_09906_kev_gravitino_bino_decay_gmsb_v1", "model_name": "keV gravitino dark matter with a nonthermal bino-decay component", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.09906", "score": 44, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mixed cold(diluted-thermal)+warm(bino-decay) gravitino scenario is confronted with structure data only through the crude exp(-4.9 f) matter-power proxy; no pipeline computes the nonthermal gravitino phase-space distribution from late bino decay, feeds it through a Boltzmann code, and evaluates a Lyman-alpha/CMB/LSS likelihood (which would also give the actual Delta_N_eff and Hubble-tension impact).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the bino-decay gravitino distribution function analytically, implement it as a custom ncdm species (with the diluted thermal component) in CLASS, and recast the resulting linear power spectra against mixed cold+warm DM Lyman-alpha bounds (e.g. the published WDM-fraction likelihoods or a Lyman-alpha flux emulator) plus Planck for Delta_N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_1592_nrp_sterile_neutrino_mixed_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-resonantly produced sterile-neutrino mixed dark matter", "family": "mixed_cold_warm_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1592", "score": 42, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or flux-power emulator handles mixed cold+warm transfer functions directly; current analyses are built for CDM or pure thermal WDM, and the card explicitly warns that transferring thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha bounds to mixed dark matter is misleading.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator with a two-parameter suppression template (cutoff scale and plateau depth set by M_s and r_warm), validated against a small set of hydrodynamical simulations with mixed initial conditions, and expose it as a public likelihood with thermal-history nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_13554_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "UV freeze-in baryogenesis with scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.13554", "score": 42, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint on the light freeze-in scalar DM is applied only as a translated thermal-mass floor (4.0-15.5 keV) rather than through a transfer-function-level likelihood for the model's nonthermal dimension-5 2-to-2 production spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the freeze-in momentum distribution f(q) for dimension-5 2-to-2 production, feed it into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to obtain the linear transfer function, and evaluate against a public Lyman-alpha flux likelihood or emulator instead of the mapped thermal-WDM bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03398_resonant_sterile_neutrino_nonstandard_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter in non-standard pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03398", "score": 41, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists that is valid for the sharply peaked, colder-than-thermal resonant sterile-neutrino spectra of this model; current practice maps to a thermal-equivalent WDM mass, an approximation the card flags as requiring validation for each non-thermal spectrum and DM fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints directly on the CLASS-computed transfer functions of the resonant spectra, either via the area-criterion generalization of thermal-WDM bounds or by evaluating a flux-power emulator (e.g. trained on MP-Gadget/Sherwood-style grids) on the non-thermal T(k), including mixed cold+sterile fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_11889_neutrino_nugget_simple_cdm_transition_v1", "model_name": "Early mass-varying sterile-neutrino nugget dark matter, simple CDM-transition variant", "family": "sterile_neutrino_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.11889", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood recast connects the nugget-cutoff matter power spectrum to small-scale structure data (Lyman-alpha forest, weak lensing, satellite counts); the route's lss_recast step has no tool and was never carried out.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the computed cutoff transfer function onto existing small-scale likelihoods via half-mode-scale matching to warm-dark-matter constraints, using public Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, and publish the resulting z_F/m_phi exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_13554_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "UV freeze-in baryogenesis with Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.13554", "score": 41, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint on the light freeze-in DM is applied only as a translated thermal-mass floor (4.6-18.1 keV) rather than through a transfer-function-level likelihood for the model's nonthermal dimension-6 2-to-2 production spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the freeze-in momentum distribution f(q) for dimension-6 2-to-2 production, feed it into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to obtain the linear transfer function, and evaluate against a public Lyman-alpha flux likelihood or emulator instead of the mapped thermal-WDM bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_13328_nonstandard_prebbn_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter in non-standard pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.13328", "score": 40.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha and structure limits are applied only through an approximate thermal-WDM equivalent-mass mapping that is not calibrated for the suppressed, cosmology-dependent momentum spectra produced in non-standard pre-BBN histories, and no numeric exclusion contour or likelihood is encoded.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f_s(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold ncdm species to obtain transfer functions, then recast published Lyman-alpha flux-power WDM constraints (area-criterion or emulator-based) into distribution-specific limits on the mass-mixing plane at each dark-matter fraction f_s.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_2217_dodelson_widrow_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2217", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The quoted DW Lyman-alpha and satellite bounds are 2005-2013 vintage fixed limits, not a reusable likelihood; no current pipeline maps the DW distribution with its peculiar-velocity corrections onto modern Lyman-alpha flux-power or satellite-count data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute the DW transfer function in CLASS with the mixing-angle-normalized distribution and run it through a current Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood and a Milky Way satellite-count likelihood, including the velocity-correction effect on initial conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_6630_331_wimpy_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "331 WIMPy dark radiation model", "family": "mixed_thermal_nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1308.6630", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists combining CMB N_eff, BBN light-element, and warm-fraction structure bounds as a function of the model parameters (f, Delta N_eff, tau_N1R, mass ratio); the card explicitly flags con_cmb_bbn_structure_neff as a recast target with likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module that maps (f, tau_N1R, M_N1R/M_WIMP) to Delta N_eff and warm fraction and evaluates them against the Planck N_eff likelihood, standard BBN codes (e.g. PArthENoPE/PRIMAT outputs), and published Lyman-alpha/mixed-dark-matter warm-fraction bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_phi_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Out-of-equilibrium scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha and small-scale-structure constraints are calibrated on thermal WDM, but the card marks the thermal-WDM mapping as misleading for this decay-produced nonthermal f_N1; only an approximate likelihood exists (likelihood_available: approximate), so exclusion statements from lambda_FS regimes remain qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f_N1(q) into CLASS/CAMB as a tabulated non-cold species to obtain T(k), then apply a transfer-function-level Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator (area-criterion or flux-power emulator approach) validated against published thermal-WDM limits, instead of a single lambda_FS proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_susy_equilibrium_scalar_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric equilibrium-scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No validated Lyman-alpha/matter-power likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal mixed cold+warm N1 distributions; the available constraint is an approximate thermal-WDM/FIMP mapping that the card flags as potentially misleading for multi-component distributions.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated f_N1(p) into CLASS as a non-cold relic with an arbitrary psd file to compute the linear transfer function, then apply an area-criterion or emulator-based Lyman-alpha likelihood (e.g. the standard flux-power emulators recast for general suppressed transfer functions) validated against the related FIMP analytic mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_susy_phi_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric out-of-equilibrium scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha/small-scale-structure constraints are calibrated on thermal WDM, while the card marks a single thermal-WDM mapping as misleading for this mixed cold-warm two-bump distribution; only an approximate likelihood exists, so structure exclusions stay at the qualitative lambda_FS-regime level.", "proposed_resolution": "Pass the two-component f_N1(q) into CLASS/CAMB as a tabulated non-cold species (or two species) to compute T(k), then apply a transfer-function-level Lyman-alpha likelihood or flux-power emulator validated against thermal-WDM limits, rather than a lambda_FS proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_06085_numsm_fnv_leptogenesis_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "nuMSM sterile-neutrino dark matter with fermion-number-violating leptogenesis effects", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06085", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Lyman-alpha/phase-space-density or X-ray decay likelihoods are implemented for spectrum-dependent resonant N1 dark matter; the mass-window constraint is marked likelihood_available partial with recasting needed and the viability step is qualitative only.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha and dwarf phase-space constraints using transfer functions computed from the non-thermal f(p) (e.g. CLASS with a tabulated ncdm distribution) and assemble X-ray decay limit tables in the (M1, mixing angle) plane as a reusable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_03440_inflaton_decay_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-decay singlet-fermion dark matter with inflaton-mediated scatterings", "family": "nonthermal_reheating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.03440", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or matter-power likelihood recast exists for this model's collision-cooled nonthermal distribution: the paper only compares a free-streaming-length proxy, and the card warns that a thermal-WDM mass mapping would be unreliable, so the allowed mass-coupling region has never been derived from an actual transfer-function-level constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the solver's tabulated f(p) into CLASS as a non-cold dark matter species to compute linear transfer functions, then constrain with a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. an area-criterion or WDM-emulator comparison recalibrated on the actual transfer-function shape).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_15513_resonantly_produced_sterile_neutrino_n1_v1", "model_name": "Line-motivated resonantly produced sterile neutrino N1 dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.15513", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Structure-formation constraints on this model are applied only through the approximate half-mode-mass summary statistic; no released Milky Way satellite or Lyman-alpha likelihood consumes the full resonant (non-thermal) N1 transfer function directly, so limits inherit the thermal-WDM mapping error the paper warns about.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing satellite-count likelihood (e.g. the Milky Way subhalo framework used for WDM limits) and a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator to accept arbitrary suppressed transfer functions, then evaluate them on the gap_1 calibrated resonant T(k) grid rather than on thermal-relic equivalents.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_3113_neutrino_interacting_asymmetric_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-interacting asymmetric dark matter with a charged mediator", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3113", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Lyman-alpha forest or Milky Way satellite-count likelihood exists for this model's smooth interacting-DM cutoff; published small-scale-structure limits are calibrated on thermal-WDM transfer functions, and the card records likelihood_available: no for the cutoff-consistency constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (e.g. MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100-style area-criterion or emulator analysis) and a DES/PanSTARRS satellite-count likelihood using the model-specific transfer functions produced in gap_1, mapping the interacting-DM cutoff onto half-mode mass rather than thermal WDM mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_06072_inelastic_freeze_in_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic freeze-in pseudo-Dirac dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.06072", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No bespoke likelihood exists for late chi2 -> chi1 e+ e- energy injection; BBN/CMB/Lyman-alpha bounds are rescaled from generic decaying-DM energy-deposition studies rather than computed with the model's three-body injection spectrum and partial-fraction (half-of-DM) decay.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model's three-body e+e- injection spectrum into DarkHistory/ExoCLASS with a decaying-fraction treatment, couple to Planck CMB anisotropy and spectral-distortion (FIRAS/PIXIE forecast) likelihoods, and add a BBN energy-injection calculation for lifetimes near 1e12 s.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_11902_ad_lball_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine L-ball resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter scenario", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.11902", "score": 39.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No spectrum-aware Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal resonantly produced f_s(q); the card explicitly warns that a thermal-WDM mapping is insufficient, so current flux-power constraints cannot be applied at face value.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the numerical f_s(q) into CLASS as a non-cold (ncdm) species to obtain the linear transfer function, then recast through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (e.g. the area-criterion or emulator-based nonthermal-relic pipelines used for resonant sterile neutrinos) over the (m_s, sin^2 2theta, L_nue_init) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_00129_lrsm_n1_triplet_scalar_diluted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal LRSM N1 dark matter with right-handed triplet scalar dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.00129", "score": 38.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LSS constraint on the secondary hot N1 fraction rests on an SDSS DR7/Lyman-alpha era comparison with only a partial likelihood; no modern packaged LSS/Lyman-alpha or X-ray line likelihood exists for this mixed cold+hot sterile-neutrino spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods (emulator-based eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES pipelines) and updated X-ray line searches onto CLASS transfer functions for the two-component N1 population, replacing the paper's SDSS-scale bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_06777_gauged_b_l_dirac_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_{B-L} light Dirac-neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.06777", "score": 38.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation constraint is only a free-streaming-length threshold; no pipeline maps the model's nonthermal FIMP momentum distribution to a linear transfer function and a Lyman-alpha (or Milky Way satellite) likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f(q) into CLASS as a non-cold dark matter species to obtain T(k), then constrain it with an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (or the area-criterion mapping to thermal WDM bounds) instead of the 0.1 Mpc FSL cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_04526_rhn_oscillation_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile right-handed-neutrino dark matter from RHN oscillations", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04526", "score": 38, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal spectrum: the M1 > about 10 keV floor is a rough recast of thermal-WDM bounds under a pre-QCD production assumption, and the card records likelihood_available no with the constraint flagged recast_required.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute model transfer functions from the tabulated f(p) and evaluate them against XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE flux-power data via an existing Lyman-alpha emulator or the Murgia area-criterion recast, replacing the thermal-WDM mass-floor proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_04163_late_pq_phase_transition_axion_parametric_resonance_v1", "model_name": "Late-PQ-phase-transition axion parametric-resonance dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04163", "score": 38, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for any of the model's constraints: the abundance-reheating target, the warmness bound, and the defect-viability check are all pass/fail analytic comparisons with likelihood_available set to no throughout the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the abundance and transfer-function pipeline in a likelihood: an Omega_a h^2 Gaussian against the Planck CDM density plus a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (e.g. an existing WDM emulator-based likelihood) evaluated on the model's T(k), exposed over (f_a, m_s, T_RH, n).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_12348_decaying_warm_dark_matter_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm dark matter with a massive dark-photon daughter", "family": "decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.12348", "score": 38, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Small-scale-structure bounds are imported only through an approximate thermal-equivalent WDM mass mapping; no Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator accepts the model's nonthermal transfer function directly, making the m_wdm > 5.3 keV recast unreliable for this phase-space distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply an area-criterion or half-mode mapping validated for nonthermal spectra, or better, run the model transfer functions through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator framework (e.g. the ones built on Sherwood/XQ-100-calibrated grids) to derive direct exclusion contours in (m_wdm, tau, epsilon_decay).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_11256_messenger_inflation_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Messenger-inflation minimal GMSB gravitino superWIMP", "family": "superwimp_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.11256", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood is wired for the warmish gravitino: the card explicitly notes the absence of Lyman-alpha or satellite likelihoods, so the claim that lambda_FS may mitigate small-scale tensions without violating existing bounds cannot be tested against data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the transfer function from gap_1 exists, recast onto published WDM-style constraints via the half-mode mass: Lyman-alpha forest limits (e.g. emulator-based flux-power likelihoods), Milky Way satellite counts, and strong-lensing subhalo constraints, reporting the allowed (m_B, m_3/2) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_08795_sterile_neutrino_singlet_freeze_in_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from singlet-scalar freeze-in and dark-sector freeze-out", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08795", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood maps this model's colder-than-thermal Fermi-Dirac sterile-neutrino distribution (temperature ratio z ~ 0.1) onto Lyman-alpha forest and phase-space (Tremaine-Gunn) bounds; only a free-streaming-length estimate exists, and the card marks the Lyman-alpha likelihood availability as unknown with recasting needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the linear transfer function with CLASS ncdm using a Fermi-Dirac distribution at T_ncdm/T = z, then recast onto existing WDM Lyman-alpha constraints via half-mode-mass matching or by evaluating an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood/emulator on the resulting power spectra over the (m_N, z) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_2968_gravitino_lsp_right_handed_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino LSP dark matter with right-handed sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.2968", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood applies to the mixed cold/warm gravitino case: Lyman-alpha and satellite-count bounds exist only for pure thermal WDM, and the card states a model-specific mixed-component likelihood is unresolved (structure_free_streaming_bound: likelihood_available unknown, recasting_needed yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Once mixed transfer functions exist (gap_2), recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints using existing WDM/mixed-DM emulator machinery (area-criterion or dedicated emulator retraining on the two-component suppression shape) over (f_warm, lambda_FS), and add Milky Way satellite-count bounds for the same grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_split_seesaw_bl_thermal_dilution_v1", "model_name": "split-seesaw B-L thermal sterile neutrino with entropy dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 37.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Structure-formation constraints are applied only through approximate thermal-WDM equivalent masses; no Lyman-alpha or satellite-count likelihood that consumes the model's actual production-specific transfer function is available ('full production-specific likelihoods require transfer functions, not only equivalent masses').", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the computed transfer function to an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (e.g. a Sherwood- or PRIYA-style emulator with area-criterion or direct P_F(k) comparison) and to satellite-count likelihoods, replacing the equivalent-mass mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_17238_scalar_singlet_fimp_vectorlike_parent_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Scalar singlet FIMP dark matter with vectorlike fermion parent during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17238", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound for reheating-era decay production is only an order-of-magnitude relaxation estimate: no computed FIMP phase-space distribution f(q) for production during reheating exists, and no Lyman-alpha likelihood or transfer-function pipeline evaluates it, so the quoted 9.2-16 keV floors cannot be replaced by a real bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for two-body vectorlike-parent decays occurring partly during the monomial reheating phase, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to get T(k) over the (m_DM, m_P, T_rh, k) grid, and evaluate against a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator as done for radiation-dominated FIMP production.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1208_2613_radiative_seesaw_warm_n1_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Radiative seesaw warm N_1 dark matter with N_2 entropy dilution", "family": "radiative_seesaw_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2613", "score": 36.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists for this model's diluted-thermal distribution (card: likelihood_available = no for lyman_alpha_wdm_mass_bound); the quoted 5.6 keV sterile-neutrino bound is only an approximate proxy.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model through an existing WDM Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood by mapping the model-specific transfer function onto thermal-WDM equivalents (e.g. via the half-mode or area criterion) once gap_1 supplies f(p).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0711_4646_singlet_higgs_decay_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-singlet-Higgs decay sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4646", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Small-scale-structure constraints are applied only through an approximate free-streaming-length cut (lambda_FS < 0.11 Mpc); no Lyman-alpha likelihood exists that consumes this model's decay-produced, colder-than-thermal momentum distribution via the full linear power spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic (ncdm with tabulated phase-space distribution) to obtain T(k), then recast through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or WDM-equivalent area-criterion emulator calibrated for non-thermal distributions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_09141_fimp_decay_entropy_v1", "model_name": "Simplified light FIMP with entropy-modified decay production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.09141", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists for nonthermal FIMP transfer functions; the model is judged only through the thermal-WDM area proxy A < A_3.5keV = 0.46, which the paper itself warns is not a direct likelihood for arbitrary FIMP spectra, and the route caveat states a fresh hydrodynamical recast would be needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the alpha-beta-gamma transfer-function family in an existing hydrodynamical flux-power emulator framework trained on non-cold DM shapes (extending the nCDM Lyman-alpha emulator approach to MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 and newer eBOSS/DESI data) to produce a reusable likelihood on (alpha, beta, gamma).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_09141_fimp_decay_scattering_v1", "model_name": "Simplified light FIMP with decay and scattering production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.09141", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists for nonthermal FIMP transfer functions; the model is judged only through the thermal-WDM area proxy A < A_3.5keV = 0.46, which the paper itself warns is not a direct likelihood for arbitrary FIMP spectra, and the route caveat states a fresh hydrodynamical recast would be needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the alpha-beta-gamma transfer-function family in an existing hydrodynamical flux-power emulator framework trained on non-cold DM shapes (extending the nCDM Lyman-alpha emulator approach to MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 and newer eBOSS/DESI data) to produce a reusable likelihood on (alpha, beta, gamma).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_00129_lrsm_n1_n2_diluted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal LRSM N1 dark matter with N2 entropy dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.00129", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current LSS/Lyman-alpha or X-ray line likelihood exists for mixed cold+hot sterile-neutrino spectra of this type; the card's SDSS-era branching bound and X-ray window are stated to need recasting with updated data before precision use.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast modern Lyman-alpha (e.g. eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES emulator-based) and X-ray line-search (NuSTAR/XMM blank-sky) likelihoods onto the two-component N1 transfer functions computed with CLASS, replacing the SDSS-scale comparison used in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_5466_r_invariant_gauge_mediation_gravitino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "R-invariant gauge-mediated gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5466", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood is attached to the route; the card marks the Ly-alpha constraint as recast_required with likelihood_available partial, so the free-streaming suppression cannot be confronted with data quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. a compressed area-criterion or emulator-based WDM likelihood calibrated on hydrodynamic simulations) evaluated on the gravitino transfer function from the closed mapping gap.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_06651_abelian_zprime_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Abelian Z' sterile-neutrino progenitor dark matter variants", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.06651", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha and satellite-count limits are calibrated on thermal WDM transfer functions; no likelihood exists that consumes the colder-than-thermal vector-decay transfer function directly, so the small-scale-structure bound on this model can only be estimated by invalid thermal-mass mapping (the card marks the WDM mapping recast as required).", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a transfer-function-level recast (area-criterion or a Ly-alpha flux-power emulator trained on general suppressed spectra) to the CLASS output for the vector-decay f(q), and validate against the thermal-WDM limit in the appropriate limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_02401_singlet_scalar_freeze_in_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting singlet scalar freeze-in/dark-freeze-out dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02401", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal mixed cold/warm spectra; the paper only applies a thermal-WDM ~3 keV mass floor as a proxy, which cannot deliver a defensible exclusion for freeze-in versus dark-freeze-out spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model transfer functions onto existing Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via the area-criterion / half-mode matching used for generic non-cold DM, or interface them with a Lyman-alpha emulator trained on generalized suppressed power spectra, to replace the thermal-WDM mass floor with a spectrum-specific bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_02401_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino freeze-in/dark-freeze-out dark matter in a singlet scalar portal sector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02401", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood is available for the nonthermal sterile-neutrino spectra of this model; only an approximate thermal-WDM floor is used, which cannot properly constrain scalar-decay spectra that differ from both thermal WDM and Dodelson-Widrow shapes.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model transfer functions against Lyman-alpha flux-power data via the half-mode/area-criterion mapping for generic non-cold DM, or couple them to a Lyman-alpha emulator for generalized suppressed spectra, replacing the thermal-WDM proxy floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_03295_e_model_attractor_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "E-model attractor scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_attractor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.03295", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for either observable: the relic-abundance initial-condition window (con_e_model_initial_window) has no statistical scan (no Monte Carlo over initial conditions), and the small-scale-structure mass bound (con_e_model_structure_mass) has not been rerun through any halo or Lyman-alpha likelihood for this potential (likelihood_available is 'no' for both constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the modified transfer function exists (gap_1), map its suppressed power spectrum onto existing fuzzy-DM/WDM small-scale likelihoods (Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators, Milky Way satellite counts, stellar streams) and build a simple abundance likelihood from a Monte Carlo scan of (V0, alpha, rho_i) initial conditions against Omega_m.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_03295_tracker_attractor_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Tracker-potential scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_attractor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.03295", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for either observable: the relic-abundance initial-condition window (con_tracker_initial_window) has no statistical scan (no Monte Carlo over initial conditions), and the small-scale-structure mass bound (con_tracker_structure_mass) has not been rerun through any halo or Lyman-alpha likelihood for this potential (likelihood_available is 'no' for both constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the modified transfer function exists (gap_1), map its suppressed power spectrum onto existing fuzzy-DM/WDM small-scale likelihoods (Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators, Milky Way satellite counts, stellar streams) and build a simple abundance likelihood from a Monte Carlo scan of (V0, alpha, rho_i) initial conditions against Omega_m, quantifying the claimed tracker broadening of the viable basin.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_13555_symmetry_restored_2hdm_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Symmetry-restored 2HDM plus 7.1 keV sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.13555", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood usable for this nonthermal decay-produced spectrum is attached; the card's warm-DM consistency claim rests on a qualitative statement and no thermal-WDM mapping is even available (thermal_wdm_mapping: false).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the transfer function from gap_1 exists, evaluate it against a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100-style chains or a Sherwood-based emulator) using the full T(k), not an equivalent-mass shortcut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_14773_pbh_evaporated_ncdm_v1", "model_name": "Non-cold fermionic dark matter from primordial black hole evaporation", "family": "primordial_black_hole_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.14773", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood exists for the nonthermal PBH-evaporation transfer function; constraints rely on an approximate recast onto a conservative thermal-WDM breaking-scale bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator (e.g. one built on Sherwood/Nyx-style hydrodynamic grids) to accept general ncdm transfer functions from CLASS, or apply the area-criterion recast validated against a small set of hydrodynamic simulations run with PBH-evaporation initial power spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_04124_fimp_dirac_singlet_2hdm_v1", "model_name": "FIMP Dirac singlet dark matter in extended neutrino 2HDM", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.04124", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood (Lyman-alpha or satellite counts) is attached to the model; the card only carries a qualitative free-streaming criterion lambda_FS < ~0.1 Mpc, so hot samples are disfavored by hand rather than by data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the transfer function from gap_2 exists, recast it through a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (and optionally Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods) using the standard area-criterion or half-mode-mass mapping to thermal-WDM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_17238_majorana_fimp_scalar_parent_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Majorana FIMP dark matter with charged scalar parent during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17238", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound for reheating-era decay production is only an order-of-magnitude relaxation estimate: no computed FIMP phase-space distribution f(q) for production during reheating exists, and no Lyman-alpha likelihood or transfer-function pipeline evaluates it, so the quoted 9.2-16 keV floors cannot be replaced by a real bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for two-body parent decays occurring partly during the monomial reheating phase, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to get T(k) over the (m_DM, m_P, T_rh, k) grid, and evaluate against a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator as done for radiation-dominated FIMP production.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1210_0191_nonthermal_warm_wino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal warm wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0191", "score": 35.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood or recast exists for mixed cold-plus-warm dark matter with a decay-produced (non-thermal) warm component; existing Lyman-alpha emulators are calibrated on all-warm thermal WDM and the card flags the thermal-WDM mapping as misleading.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints in a two-parameter (warm fraction, free-streaming scale) mixed-DM parameterization, extending an existing Lyman-alpha emulator with hydrodynamic simulations of fractional-warm transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_3624_gravitino_lsp_right_handed_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino LSP with right-handed sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.3624", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No mixed warm+cold dark matter structure-formation likelihood is available for the late-decay gravitino fraction: the paper uses an approximate cap (warm fraction below about 0.4), and the card notes a current Lyman-alpha/mixed-DM transfer-function recast would be needed for precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute mixed C+WDM transfer functions with CLASS (gap_1 distribution) over the (lambda_FS, f_dec) plane and recast existing Lyman-alpha forest mixed-DM bounds and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods onto that grid, replacing the 0.4 warm-fraction cap.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4391_gravitino_nlsp_to_n_superpartner_and_n_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino NLSP decay to N-superpartner plus stable N", "family": "supersymmetric_late_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4391", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or galaxy-power likelihood applies directly to the decay-produced nonthermal daughter spectrum; existing small-scale-power limits are thermal-WDM calibrated and the card flags the thermal-to-nonthermal mapping as an approximate assumption that can misstate the exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator using the model-specific transfer functions from gap_1 via an area-criterion or half-mode-mass mapping validated for decay-produced spectra, following the methodology of the modern decaying-DM Lyman-alpha analyses cited in the card, and combine with galaxy power-spectrum limits on the relativistic fraction f.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4391_n_superpartner_nlsp_to_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "N-superpartner NLSP decay to gravitino-dominated dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_late_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4391", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or galaxy-power likelihood applies directly to the decay-produced nonthermal daughter spectrum; existing small-scale-power limits are thermal-WDM calibrated and the card flags the thermal-to-nonthermal mapping as an approximate assumption that can misstate the exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator using the model-specific transfer functions from gap_1 via an area-criterion or half-mode-mass mapping validated for decay-produced spectra, following the methodology of the modern decaying-DM Lyman-alpha analyses cited in the card, and combine with galaxy power-spectrum limits on the relativistic fraction f.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4391_n_superpartner_nlsp_to_n_and_light_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "N-superpartner NLSP decay to stable N plus light gravitino", "family": "supersymmetric_late_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4391", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear matter-power/Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator is available that accepts the nonthermal, decay-produced daughter spectrum of this model; current bounds rely on mapping to thermal-WDM limits, which the card flags as potentially over- or under-stating the exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (of the type used in the cited decaying-dark-matter Lyman-alpha analysis 2102_12498) onto transfer functions parameterized by lifetime, mass splitting, and relativistic fraction f, so the model's (tau, Delta m, f) space can be scanned directly instead of via thermal-WDM proxies.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_01136_infrared_confining_fuzzy_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark matter from infrared confining dynamics", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.01136", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled small-scale-structure likelihood pipeline exists for this model: the FDM transfer-function suppression (kpc-scale de Broglie cutoff) is never connected to a Lyman-alpha forest, subhalo-count, or halo likelihood, so the obs_fdm_wave_structure observable cannot be statistically evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run axionCAMB or AxiCLASS at the model's m_a and dark-radiation content to produce transfer functions, then recast through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator (e.g. the WDM/FDM emulators used for m_a > 2e-20 eV bounds) and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, mapping the constraint into the f_a-m_a plane of this model.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_03295_t_model_attractor_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "T-model attractor scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_attractor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.03295", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for either observable: the relic-abundance initial-condition window (con_t_model_initial_window) has no statistical scan (no Monte Carlo over the plateau/wing initial conditions), and the small-scale-structure mass bound (con_t_model_structure_mass) has not been rerun through any halo or Lyman-alpha likelihood for this potential (likelihood_available is 'no' for both constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the modified transfer function exists (gap_1), map its suppressed power spectrum onto existing fuzzy-DM/WDM small-scale likelihoods (Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators, Milky Way satellite counts, stellar streams) and build a simple abundance likelihood from a Monte Carlo scan of (V0, alpha, rho_i) initial conditions against Omega_m, quantifying the paper's flagged initial-condition non-genericity.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_08943_hidden_dark_matter_hidm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden dark matter cosmology (HiDM)", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08943", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated Lyman-alpha, lensing-substructure, or satellite-count likelihood exists for HiDM transfer-function shapes; current constraints rely on an approximate thermal-WDM half-mode mapping that the card marks as misleading because HiDM generalizes WDM with chemical potential and hidden-sector equilibrium options.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast HiDM transfer functions through existing shape-agnostic small-scale-structure likelihoods (Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators trained on generalized suppressed spectra, strong-lensing subhalo and Milky Way satellite likelihoods parameterized by the transfer function rather than a thermal WDM mass), scanning over R_eq^T, mu_ini, and statistics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_12258_pbh_sterile_neutrinogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH sterile neutrinogenesis of sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.12258", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood accepts the nonthermal, redshifted spin-1/2 Hawking momentum spectrum of PBH-produced sterile neutrinos; the card's warm-DM constraint uses only a thermal-equivalent mass mapping (m_therm ~ 3 keV) with an approximate f_s scaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the redshifted Hawking distribution (e.g. from BlackHawk-class evaporation spectra) into CLASS as an ncdm phase-space file over the (M_PBH, beta, m_s) grid, compute linear power suppression, and recast against a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator with a mixed cold-plus-noncold likelihood in f_s.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_01214_scalar_field_fluctuation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar field fluctuation dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_inflationary_fluctuation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.01214", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood is available for either constraint (both card constraints have likelihood_available unknown and recasting_needed yes): Planck isocurvature limits are published for standard nearly-scale-invariant CDI parameterizations, not this model's spectral shape, and no dataset likelihood exists for the predicted small-scale matter-power enhancement.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Planck CDI isocurvature likelihood onto the model's blue-tilted P_S(k) shape, and combine it with small-scale power probes (Lyman-alpha flux power, mu-type spectral-distortion limits, and ultracompact-minihalo bounds) into a reusable likelihood over the (m, H_*) plane once the gap_1 transfer-function implementation exists.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_07122_light_freeze_in_two_body_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light freeze-in dark matter from thermal two-body scalar decay", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.07122", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing Lyman-alpha constraints are calibrated to thermal WDM (the card flags the thermal mapping as misleading) and no likelihood covers nonthermal freeze-in spectra with a free warm fraction f_warm in mixed cold-plus-warm scenarios.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a transfer-function-level recast (area-criterion or a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator such as those built on Sherwood/Nyx grids) extended to two-parameter (suppression scale, f_warm) mixed C+WDM shapes, validated against published mixed-DM Lyman-alpha analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0709_0297_goldilocks_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Goldilocks gravitino dark matter from neutralino decays", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.0297", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or small-scale-structure likelihood applicable to the nonthermal decay-produced gravitino spectrum exists; existing public Ly-alpha constraints and emulators are calibrated to thermal WDM or sterile-neutrino spectra, which the card flags as only a proxy.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the nonthermal transfer functions from gap_1 onto Ly-alpha flux-power constraints via the area-criterion/half-mode matching validated against thermal-WDM emulators, or retrain an existing Ly-alpha emulator on the decay-produced suppression shape family.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_2959_mixed_axion_axino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mixed axion/axino dark matter for thermal leptogenesis", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.2959", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Lyman-alpha and small-scale-structure limits exist only for thermal-relic WDM or sterile-neutrino mappings; no likelihood applies to a subdominant warm/hot axino admixture on a cold axion background, so the paper's 20 percent warm and 1 percent hot fraction flags cannot be replaced by a statistical constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints for mixed cold-plus-noncold models, e.g. extend an existing Lyman-alpha emulator/likelihood to a two-parameter (fraction, free-streaming scale) mixed-dark-matter grid and interpolate limits applicable to the axino transfer functions from gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_pseudoscalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood consumes DAO-type oscillatory/suppressed transfer functions directly: Lyman-alpha and satellite-count constraints are calibrated on thermal WDM shapes, and the card marks the thermal WDM mapping unavailable for this acoustic-damping cutoff.", "proposed_resolution": "Build or adopt a transfer-function-level recast (area-criterion Ly-alpha likelihood or a flux-power emulator trained on DAO spectra, plus Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods parameterized by half-mode scale) that takes the CLASS output for this model's (g_chi, g_nu, r, m_phi) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_pseudovector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Pseudovector-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No observational likelihood connects the model's oscillatory, smoothly cut off transfer function to Lyman-alpha or Milky Way satellite data; both card constraints are marked recast_required with likelihood_available unknown, and standard WDM-calibrated likelihoods do not apply because the card states no thermal-WDM mapping is valid.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods (e.g. via a dedicated emulator or an area-criterion mapping validated for dark-acoustic-oscillation transfer functions) and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods to take the model's P(k) directly, rather than a thermal-WDM mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No observational likelihood connects the model's oscillatory, smoothly cut off transfer function to Lyman-alpha or Milky Way satellite data; both card constraints are marked recast_required with likelihood_available unknown, and standard WDM-calibrated likelihoods do not apply because the card states no thermal-WDM mapping is valid.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods (e.g. via a dedicated emulator or an area-criterion mapping validated for dark-acoustic-oscillation transfer functions) and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods to take the model's P(k) directly, rather than a thermal-WDM mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No observational likelihood connects the model's oscillatory, smoothly cut off transfer function to Lyman-alpha or Milky Way satellite data; both card constraints are marked recast_required with likelihood_available unknown, and standard WDM-calibrated likelihoods do not apply because the card states no thermal-WDM mapping is valid.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods (e.g. via a dedicated emulator or an area-criterion mapping validated for dark-acoustic-oscillation transfer functions) and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods to take the model's P(k) directly, rather than a thermal-WDM mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_pseudo_dirac_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cluster self-interaction and free-streaming/Delta N_eff constraints exist only as quoted numbers (Bullet Cluster sigma/m limits, a roughly 100 kpc free-streaming limit); no likelihood or recast maps the model's velocity- and population-dependent cross section and hidden-sector thermal history onto these bounds, and the card records likelihood_available no for both.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that evaluates the model's sigma_T/m at cluster velocities against published merging-cluster and halo-shape limits, and maps (T_dark, m) onto existing Lyman-alpha free-streaming and BBN/CMB N_eff bounds, packaged as interpolable constraint functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1707_02077_colder_freeze_in_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Colder freeze-in axino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.02077", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists that accepts the model's nonthermal transfer function directly; the card imports constraints only through an approximate thermal-WDM m_WDM mapping (con_lya_axino_phase_space, likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE flux-power data through a Ly-alpha likelihood or emulator that takes an arbitrary T^2(k) input (e.g. an area-criterion or lym1d-style emulator interface), validated against the thermal-WDM limits quoted in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_13244_sfdm_tf_v1", "model_name": "Scalar field dark matter in the Thomas-Fermi self-interaction regime", "family": "self_interacting_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.13244", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists for the gradual SFDM-TF cutoff; current bounds are imported by matching to FDM transfer-function cutoffs, which the paper itself warns can overstate constraints on R_TF because the cutoff shapes differ.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamical Lyman-alpha simulations (or retrain an existing WDM/FDM flux-power emulator) on SFDM-TF initial power spectra parameterized by R_TF, and release the resulting flux-power likelihood so R_TF bounds no longer rely on the FDM proxy mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_01144_light_dirac_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light Dirac neutrino portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.01144", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dominant structure-formation constraint is imposed only through a free-streaming-length proxy (lambda_FSL < 0.1 Mpc); no calibrated Lyman-alpha or transfer-function likelihood exists for the model's decay-produced nonthermal momentum distribution, and the card notes no valid thermal-WDM mapping.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated f(p) into CLASS as an ncdm species to compute the linear power suppression, then constrain with a public Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator (area-criterion or flux-power based) instead of the lambda_FSL threshold, recalibrating the O(100 keV) mass bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_01383_sterile_neutrino_portal_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino portal interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "interacting_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.01383", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha limits on DM-neutrino scattering are legacy plot-level exclusions with no public likelihood, so the ACT-preferred coupling region cannot be jointly tested against Ly-alpha data for this model's cross-section scalings.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the nu-DM damped power spectra from CLASS_nu-DM through an existing Lyman-alpha flux emulator or the standard area-criterion/WDM-equivalent mapping, and publish the resulting likelihood over (u_DM, m_DM) for n=0 and n=2 scalings.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0711_1352_ltr_thermal_hadronic_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal hadronic axion dark matter with low-temperature reheating", "family": "thermal_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.1352", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Constraints exist only as WMAP/SDSS-era contours mapped by the primary paper in the (Omega_a h^2, lambda_fs) plane; no modern CMB+LSS likelihood covers entropy-diluted hot axions with reduced T_a/T_gamma, and Lyman-alpha information was explicitly excluded from the mapped contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the gap_1 solver outputs (Omega_a h^2, T_a/T_gamma) into CLASS/CAMB as a subdominant hot thermal relic and scan (m_a, T_rh) against Planck plus galaxy-power and optionally Lyman-alpha likelihoods in MontePython or Cobaya, replacing the digitized WMAP/SDSS contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_3278_partially_interacting_dark_atom_dao_v1", "model_name": "Partially interacting dark-atom dark matter with dark acoustic oscillations", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.3278", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The exact posterior on (f_int, xi, Gamma_DAO) cannot be reproduced because the source MCMC chains and Gamma_DAO-parameterized likelihood configuration are unavailable, and the Ly-alpha context bound (con_lya_dm_dr_context, likelihood_available 'no') has no likelihood through which the oscillatory PIDM transfer function can be passed.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the constraint pipeline in Cobaya/MontePython with current Planck, BAO, and full-shape galaxy likelihoods on top of the dark-atom Boltzmann module, and recast small-scale bounds by feeding the PIDM transfer function through a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator or the standard area-criterion mapping calibrated on hydrodynamic simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_10360_higgs_portal_self_interacting_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal self-interacting freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.10360", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for either the SIDM target region (dwarf/group/cluster sigma_T/m inferences are used as a heuristic band, likelihood_available: no) or the null-signal detection constraints (Higgs invisible width, Fermi-LAT, CMB energy injection, Voyager, Lyman-alpha are quoted as non-machine-readable curves), so the compatible parameter region cannot be statistically evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood: recast published halo-scale sigma_T/m inferences (e.g. the Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu data points) into a velocity-binned likelihood, and wrap the detection channels using existing public machinery (DDCalc for SI scattering, Higgs invisible width formula, published CMB f_eff and Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods) for this model's annihilation spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_12136_pbh_sterile_neutrinogenesis_v1", "model_name": "PBH sterile neutrinogenesis sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.12136", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or emulator applies to the sparse, highly energetic nonthermal PBH-emission sterile-neutrino spectrum; published bounds are calibrated to thermal-relic WDM and the card explicitly flags the thermal-WDM mass mapping as misleading, leaving the f_s=1 boundary figure-based only.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute transfer functions with CLASS using the tabulated PBH-emission f(q) (ncdm psd file) over the (m_s, M_PBH, f_s, T_evap) grid, and recast them through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (or a validated area-criterion mapping) to replace the digitized blue-line boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_07354_asymmetric_condensed_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric condensed dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_bose_einstein_condensed_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.07354", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood is connected to the hot-relic suppression: the dwarf-erasure bound is applied only as a rough m ~ 10 keV rule of thumb (likelihood_available: no for con_hot_relic_mass_tension), so the allowed thermal-cloud fraction versus mass is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing mixed cold-plus-hot dark matter constraints (Lyman-alpha likelihoods/emulators and Milky Way satellite counts, as used for sterile-neutrino and C+WDM fractions) onto the (m, hot-fraction) plane using the transfer functions from the CLASS implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1611_04590_subkev_fermionic_fermi_pressure_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-keV fermionic dark matter with Fermi-pressure dwarf cores", "family": "warm_fermionic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.04590", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint is applied only through an approximate thermal-equivalent-mass mapping; no flux-power likelihood evaluation exists for this model's suppressed transfer functions, which is exactly where the 400 eV core window meets the roughly 470 eV thermal bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model transfer functions from gap_1 through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. the public WDM flux-power frameworks) using half-mode or full-shape matching, marginalizing over IGM thermal history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_14446_nonminimal_gravitational_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled gravitational scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.14446", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound is applied through an equation-of-state/second-moment thermal-WDM equivalence instead of propagating the computed nonthermal f(q) through a Boltzmann code into a Lyman-alpha likelihood, leaving the quoted 34 eV plateau and the low-xi mass floor uncertain (the latter also OCR-ambiguous).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated f(q) into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic (ncdm psd file), compute T(k), and evaluate against a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. lym1d or a Sherwood/eBOSS-calibrated emulator) to replace the thermal-WDM-equivalent matching.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0711_1352_kination_thermal_hadronic_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal hadronic axion dark matter with kination", "family": "thermal_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.1352", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The only constraint mapping is via WMAP/SDSS-era contours reconstructed from the primary paper; no modern CMB+LSS likelihood exists in the (Omega_a h^2, lambda_fs) or (m_a, T_kin) plane for kination-modified thermal axions, and Lyman-alpha data were never included.", "proposed_resolution": "Run CLASS/CAMB with a hot thermal-axion component whose temperature ratio and abundance come from the gap_1 solver, and build a Planck+BOSS/eBOSS (optionally Lyman-alpha) likelihood scan in MontePython or Cobaya over (m_a, T_kin) to replace the digitized contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_01457_planck_scale_axion_lump_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planck-scale axion fuzzy-lump dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.01457", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or emulator handles multi-component fuzzy dark matter; published single-species bounds (XQ-100/HIRES-MIKE style) cannot be applied verbatim to the three-component fluid, leaving the key consistency check on the 0.675e-23 eV electron-family axion unevaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast single-species fuzzy-DM Lyman-alpha limits onto the multi-component power spectrum via effective transfer-function (half-mode/area) matching as a conservative first pass, then condition an existing hydrodynamic flux-power emulator on the multi-component suppressed spectra for a proper likelihood in (m_a_i, f_i).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_01011_sterile_neutrino_singlet_scalar_decay_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile neutrino dark matter from singlet scalar decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.01011", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha/small-scale-structure likelihood exists that accepts the non-thermal, sometimes multi-peaked transfer functions of this model; existing Lyman-alpha bounds and emulators are calibrated to thermal-WDM shapes, and the card explicitly warns the thermal-WDM mapping is invalid here.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a shape-independent Lyman-alpha constraint to the CLASS transfer functions (e.g. an area-criterion or delta-A analysis calibrated on existing flux-power likelihoods, or retrain a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator on generalized T(k) parameterizations) so arbitrary f_N(p) spectra can be confronted with forest and satellite-count data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1707_06418_dfsz_freeze_in_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ freeze-in axino dark matter with bilinear R-parity violation", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.06418", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood accepts the nonthermal axino transfer function directly; the constraint is imported by comparing to conventional-WDM exclusion curves (lyman_alpha_wdm_recast, likelihood_available: no), which the card notes can misstate the exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power data with a likelihood or emulator taking an arbitrary linear T^2(k) (area-criterion or lym1d-style), validated against the 5.3 keV thermal-WDM benchmark quoted in the card, and apply it to the 2-body, 3-body, and scattering benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_fractional_cold_plus_warm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "fractional cold-plus-warm sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No joint likelihood exists that simultaneously fits CMB, weak-lensing/S8, Lyman-alpha, satellite, and X-ray line data as a function of (f_WDM, m_s, mixing angle, production distribution), which is required to test whether a warm sterile fraction can reduce sigma-8 by 5-15 percent without violating small-scale bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a MontePython/Cobaya pipeline: CLASS with a cdm+ncdm (tabulated f(q)) sector for the mixed transfer function, Planck and KiDS/DES lensing likelihoods, an existing Lyman-alpha WDM likelihood extended to CWDM shapes, and an X-ray line-flux module, scanned over f_WDM and the sterile-neutrino parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_10743_inflationary_light_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Inflationary light dark photon dark matter", "family": "dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.10743", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific likelihood recasts the Lyman-alpha forest and black-hole superradiance bounds for this vector spectrum; the paper only quotes external scalar fuzzy-DM bounds, so the low-mass exclusion boundary (m_A' near 1e-21 eV) is not quantitatively established for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model transfer function from the extended Boltzmann solver into an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator, and recast published spin-1 superradiance rates (which differ from scalar rates) against black-hole spin measurements for the low-mass tail.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_neutrinophilic_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a neutrinophilic vector mediator", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function-level structure likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal f_4(x,z): the card notes the dwarf/Lyman-alpha lower-mass pressure is only a rough recast target with no full transfer-function likelihood per vector scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the solver-produced f_4(x,z) into CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute T(k), then recast through an existing Lyman-alpha emulator/likelihood (e.g. an area-criterion or WDM-equivalent mapping for non-thermal sterile spectra) and dwarf-count likelihoods to replace the qualitative 7.1 keV margin.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_02958_light_gravitino_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Entropy-diluted light gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.02958", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or emulator covers a mixed cold + warm subcomponent with an O(100 eV) gravitino at a diluted temperature ratio T_3/2/T_nu ~ 0.13-0.15; existing bounds are recasts of pure thermal WDM or the fixed grids of 1706.03118, not the model's (m_3/2, f_3/2, Delta) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute transfer functions with CLASS's ncdm sector using the diluted temperature ratio and gravitino fraction, then constrain them either with a flux-power emulator trained on mixed C+WDM hydrodynamical simulations (Sherwood/PRIYA-style suites) or, at reduced precision, with a Murgia-style area-criterion recast of published MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_04276_dirac_scotogenic_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Dirac scotogenic freeze-in dark matter with gauged U(1) B-L", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04276", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood applicable to this model's nonthermal spectrum exists in the analysis chain: the 5.3 keV bound is a thermal-relic WDM limit, and no recast (area criterion or emulator-based) has been set up to translate the gauge-freeze-in transfer function into a statistically meaningful Ly-alpha constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the transfer function from gap_1 exists, apply a published non-thermal recast method (half-mode/area-criterion mapping validated against MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100, or a hydro-calibrated Ly-alpha flux emulator) to produce exclusion contours in (m_DM, v_B-L, T_RH).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_05096_phase_transition_hot_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hot and heavy phase-transition-produced scalar dark matter", "family": "non_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.05096", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha (or stream/lensing/21-cm) likelihood recast exists for this model's nonthermal transfer function; the card only maps to thermal-WDM reference masses, which the source itself flags as not directly applicable (likelihood_available: no on con_pt_wdm_equivalent_velocity).", "proposed_resolution": "Fit the CLASS-computed T(k) to the standard {alpha, beta, gamma} non-cold transfer-function parameterization and reuse published Lyman-alpha MCMC bounds on that space (Murgia/Irsic-style), extending later to satellite-count and stellar-stream likelihoods via the half-mode mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_06039_linear_nonminimal_inflaton_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter from linear non-minimally coupled inflaton decay", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06039", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood or recast exists for this model's nonthermal transfer function; the allowed 4 keV to 1 MeV window relies on a thermal-WDM proxy criterion whose validity for decay-produced spectra is untested.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the CLASS transfer function from the derived f(q) through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power framework (e.g. the area-criterion recast or a public WDM-calibrated flux-power emulator) to set the mass floor directly for decay-produced vector DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_20513_kinetic_recoupling_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic recoupling dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.20513", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No small-scale likelihood is valid for the oscillatory, dark-acoustic-oscillation-like P(k) of kinetic recoupling: existing Lyman-alpha forest constraints and emulators are calibrated on WDM-like monotonic suppressions, and the highlighted 21-cm reach (k ~ 3-80 Mpc^-1) exists only as qualitative forecasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator trained on hydrodynamical simulations with recoupling initial power spectra (extending existing non-CDM Lyman-alpha emulator suites beyond monotonic suppressions), and implement a HERA-style 21-cm power-spectrum forecast likelihood over the recoupling template parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_12487_qg_broken_fermionic_fimp_domain_wall_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-gravity-broken fermionic FIMP with domain walls", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.12487", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The decaying-DM indirect constraints (CMB energy injection plus HEAO-1/INTEGRAL/COMPTEL/EGRET/Fermi-LAT diffuse-photon limits on chi -> nu gamma and chi -> nu e+ e-) are applied only as digitized literature curves with no machine-readable likelihood, so the triangular allowed region in the v_s-m_DM plane cannot be recomputed or combined statistically with the PTA and Lyman-alpha legs.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decaying-sterile-neutrino-style likelihood module: compute decay spectra with HDMSpectra or analytic two/three-body formulas, wrap the published diffuse X/gamma-ray flux limits and a CMB f_eff(z) energy-injection likelihood (ExoCLASS), and combine with the PTArcade domain-wall likelihood for a joint scan over Lambda_QG, v_s, and m_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0507300_dark_matter_from_early_decays_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter from early decays", "family": "decay_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0507300", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The large-scale-structure bound is applied only through a 2005-era thermal-WDM-equivalent proxy (likelihood_available 'no'); no modern Lyman-alpha likelihood has been run on the decay model's distinct high-k transfer-function shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute T(k) from the analytic f(p) in CLASS ncdm and evaluate it against a current public compressed Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator, replacing the 1 keV thermal-WDM variance comparison with a direct nonthermal bound on (tau, p_CM/m).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_12282_fopt_pbh_evaporation_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "FOPT-generated ultra-light PBH evaporation scalar dark matter", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.12282", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint on the warm, evaporation-produced scalar dark matter is applied only as a cited free-streaming-length cut; no pipeline maps the nonthermal Hawking emission spectrum (card notes distribution_function_available: no) to a linear transfer function and a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood for this M_in-M_DM plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the redshifted phase-space distribution of the emitted scalars with a BlackHawk-class evaporation code (including the entropy-dilution history), feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to get T(k), and constrain with an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood via the standard WDM-equivalent mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_5870_kev_sterile_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Single keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5870", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood is available that accepts general non-thermal sterile-neutrino transfer functions; constraints are imposed only through production-dependent thermal-equivalent mass translations quoted from earlier literature, which the card flags as its dominant systematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood that takes arbitrary suppressed transfer functions (e.g. area-criterion or emulator-based WDM frameworks), evaluated on the f(q)-specific P(k) from the production pipeline rather than a thermal-equivalent mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_subdominant_axino_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-dominant axino decay gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or structure-formation likelihood applies to the mixed cold+warm gravitino case: existing Ly-alpha bounds are calibrated on pure thermal-relic WDM, and the constraint used (relativistic_decay_structure_bound) is an approximate energy-density cut with likelihood_available only 'approximate'.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the computed mixed transfer functions through a Lyman-alpha flux-power framework that supports cold-plus-warm mixtures (e.g. a mixed C+WDM emulator trained on hydrodynamical simulations, or the area-criterion mapping onto published mixed-WDM fraction bounds), replacing the m_axino Y_axino threshold with a fraction-dependent exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1205_0569_composite_sterile_dirac_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Composite sterile Dirac neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0569", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator evaluation exists for this model's non-thermal momentum distributions; the card translates bounds only through an approximate thermal T/m free-streaming rescaling, which cannot capture resonant or inflaton-decay spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model momentum distributions through CLASS ncdm to obtain transfer functions and evaluate them with a public Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/compressed likelihood (area-criterion or MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 style), replacing the m_nrp > 10 keV proxy translation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1208_2496_saxion_decay_axino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Saxion-decay axino warm dark matter with axion dark radiation", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2496", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current likelihood confronts the model's joint Delta N_eff and small-scale-suppression predictions with data: the N_eff constraint predates final Planck results and the Lyman-alpha bound is applied only through the thermal-WDM equivalence rather than a likelihood evaluated on the nonthermal spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood combining the Planck 2018 (+BAO) N_eff posterior with a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. the MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 based WDM likelihood generalized to nonthermal transfer functions), taking the CLASS outputs of the resolved transfer-function calculation as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin1_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-parent non-thermal vector WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists to turn the mixed cold-plus-boosted matter-power suppression into a bound on the nonthermal fraction f: the quoted f < 0.01 limit is taken from the paper's WMAP9-plus-Lyman-alpha analytic summary (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes) and has never been recast with a modern CMB plus Lyman-alpha-forest data likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the f bound by feeding the gap_1 transfer functions into a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES-style compressed likelihoods) combined with Planck CMB data, scanning over f, tau_X, and M_X/M_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_02692_reheating_produced_numsm_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheating-produced nuMSM sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02692", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only partial likelihoods exist for both key constraints: no digitized X-ray line exclusion likelihood in (M_1, theta_alpha1) and no Lyman-alpha likelihood able to consume an arbitrary nonthermal sterile-neutrino transfer function is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published X-ray line limits into a reusable (M_1, sin^2 2theta) likelihood, and couple a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator that accepts general suppressed transfer functions (not just thermal-WDM mappings) to the pipeline output of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_09658_two_cosine_emergent_dark_energy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-cosine emergent dark-energy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09658", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood accepts the model's time-dependent transfer function; published fuzzy/scalar-DM bounds (m >~ 1e-21 eV) assume the mass is constant after matter-radiation equality and cannot be applied directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. the ones used for fuzzy-DM bounds) to take arbitrary suppressed transfer functions as input, feeding it the modified-CLASS output for grids in (m, m0, z_tr, scalar-DM fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03309_bl_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Weakly coupled B-L gauge-boson freeze-in sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03309", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the keV N1 branch: X-ray line limits and Lyman-alpha/satellite warm-DM bounds are calibrated for oscillation-produced or thermal spectra, and the card notes the nonthermal decay-produced spectrum must be translated before thermal-WDM bounds can be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Given f_N1(p) from the freeze-in solver, compute transfer functions in CLASS, map them to equivalent-thermal-WDM masses or run them through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator, and pair this with digitized X-ray line lifetime limits as a joint (m_N1, theta) likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_07108_kev_sterile_neutrino_double_seesaw_dm_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino double-seesaw freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.07108", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists for this exact scalar-decay freeze-in spectrum; current constraints rely on thermal-relic or standard sterile-neutrino equivalent mappings that are not identical to the colder in-equilibrium decay distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the transfer function with CLASS using the tabulated freeze-in f(p) and apply a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS-based grids) directly to the resulting matter power, replacing the thermal-equivalent mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_dark_thermal_bath_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Phi_16 dark-thermal-bath degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation viability is judged only by a 0.3-0.5 Mpc free-streaming window and a rough thermal-WDM 1.9 keV mapping; no Lyman-alpha forest or Milky Way satellite-count likelihood has been applied to the actual nonthermal transfer function of this variant (m_DM 0.25-0.37 keV).", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model's computed T(k) through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or area-criterion/emulator recast for non-thermal spectra and through a Milky Way satellite-count likelihood (DES/PS1-style), replacing the free-streaming-window proxy with likelihood-grade bounds on m_DM, y_*, and T_D/T_SM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_b_minus_l_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) B-L vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function-level structure likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal f_4(x,z): the card notes the dwarf/Lyman-alpha lower-mass pressure is only a rough recast target with no full transfer-function likelihood per vector scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the solver-produced f_4(x,z) into CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute T(k), then recast through an existing Lyman-alpha emulator/likelihood (e.g. the area-criterion or WDM-equivalent mapping used for non-thermal sterile spectra) and dwarf-count likelihoods to replace the qualitative 7.1 keV margin.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_14542_331r_kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "331_R keV sterile-neutrino mixed warm-hot dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.14542", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the structure-formation constraints on this mixed spectrum: the 21-cm/EDGES lower mass bound is applied via a mainly-warm mapping the card marks as approximate (robustness low, recasting_needed yes), and no Lyman-alpha or 21-cm likelihood accepts a mixed warm-hot transfer function directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha forest and 21-cm constraints in terms of the computed mixed transfer function (e.g. via area-criterion or half-mode-mass matching against published thermal-WDM likelihood chains, or by extending a Lyman-alpha emulator to mixed cold+warm+hot spectra) rather than the mainly-warm mass mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_05790_oscillon_alp_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Oscillon-forming axion-like fuzzy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.05790", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB/LSS/Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for the two-component fuzzy-plus-hot suppression; the quoted exclusion of decay temperatures below order 1 eV and masses below 1e-24 eV is a qualitative comparison, and existing Lyman-alpha emulators are calibrated on thermal-WDM or pure-FDM transfer shapes.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the mixed transfer functions from the extended Boltzmann calculation through an area-criterion or emulator-based Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (retraining a WDM-style emulator on the two-parameter suppression shape) combined with Planck CMB and galaxy-clustering likelihoods in Cobaya/MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_08278_susy_nelson_barr_gravitino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Nelson-Barr gravitino LSP dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08278", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood or recast exists for the nonthermal light-gravitino transfer function in this low-reheating history; the quoted m_3/2 lower bound is imported from thermal-WDM analyses whose mapping to this production mechanism is not established.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the gap_1 distribution function into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic to compute the linear transfer function, then recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints (XQ-100/HIRES/MIKE-style analyses or a flux-power emulator) onto the m_3/2-T_RH plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_07359_inflaton_coupled_spectator_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-coupled spectator scalar dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.07359", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint is applied only through an approximate mapping of the nonthermal spectrum to a thermal warm-DM equivalent mass; no direct transfer-function-plus-likelihood evaluation exists for this model's two-component (inflationary IR plus reheating UV tail) distribution, which the card notes could shift the bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated f_chi(q) into CLASS as a non-cold-dark-matter species with an arbitrary phase-space distribution to compute the exact linear transfer function, then evaluate it against a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (e.g. a Sherwood/eBOSS-calibrated WDM-area emulator) instead of the thermal-WDM equivalence.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_delayed_evaporating_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED delayed evaporating black-hole dark matter production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood exists for the nonthermal velocity spectrum of DEBH-emitted dark matter; the warmness check is an average-speed comparison to a thermal-WDM bound, and the card's coldness threshold cannot be evaluated against Lyman-alpha or subhalo data with the actual PBH-evaporation distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed LED emission phase-space distribution into CLASS as a non-cold-DM species, derive the transfer-function suppression, and recast existing thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods via half-mode-mass matching calibrated on the actual distribution shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_instantly_evaporating_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED instantly evaporating black-hole dark matter production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood exists for the nonthermal velocity spectrum of IEBH-emitted dark matter; the card explicitly warns against using a thermal-WDM spectrum, yet only an average-speed estimate compared to a WDM bound is currently available.", "proposed_resolution": "Insert the LED evaporation phase-space distribution into CLASS as a non-cold-DM species, compute the suppressed transfer function, and recast thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha and satellite-count likelihoods through half-mode-mass matching calibrated on the actual emission distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_12199_ckm_heavy_quark_freeze_in_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "CKM-aligned heavy-quark freeze-in ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12199", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound is applied only through an approximate thermal-WDM equivalent-mass mapping; no likelihood pipeline evaluates the actual nonthermal freeze-in transfer function (from decays plus scatterings) against Lyman-alpha flux data, so the m_a floor carries unquantified convention factors.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated freeze-in f(p) into the CLASS ncdm sector to compute exact transfer functions, then evaluate them with an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (e.g. area-criterion or MIKE/HIRES-calibrated WDM likelihoods generalized to non-cold spectra) to replace the equivalent-m_WDM scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_12199_single_flavor_heavy_quark_freeze_in_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Single-flavor-transition heavy-quark freeze-in ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12199", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound is applied only through an approximate thermal-WDM equivalent-mass mapping; no likelihood pipeline evaluates the actual nonthermal freeze-in transfer function (which differs between decay- and scattering-dominated transitions) against Lyman-alpha flux data, so the m_a floor carries unquantified convention factors.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated freeze-in f(p) for each transition benchmark into the CLASS ncdm sector to compute exact transfer functions, then evaluate them with an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (e.g. area-criterion or MIKE/HIRES-calibrated WDM likelihoods generalized to non-cold spectra) to replace the equivalent-m_WDM scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1209_5752_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter model", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.5752", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or CMB likelihood exists for the oscillatory DAO-plus-damping transfer function: the paper uses representative k_DAO cuts rather than a statistical comparison, and existing Ly-alpha emulators are calibrated on monotonic WDM-like suppression, not oscillatory spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the atomic-DM transfer functions through a Ly-alpha forest likelihood valid for oscillatory spectra (extending existing flux-power emulators with hydrodynamic simulations on DAO-type initial conditions) and add the modified solver of gap_1 to a Planck CMB likelihood pipeline for xi/Delta N_eff constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_4458_hidden_sector_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector thermal relic dark matter parameterization", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.4458", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Structure-formation constraints are applied only through an approximate mapping of the hidden-sector free-streaming length onto thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha bounds; no Lyman-alpha or matter-power likelihood calibrated for xi-dependent hidden-sector momentum distributions exists, and no simulation calibration was performed (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute exact transfer functions with CLASS using the hidden-sector distribution in the ncdm sector across the (m_chi, xi) plane, then recast through an existing Lyman-alpha WDM likelihood/emulator (e.g. the area-criterion or a Lyman-alpha flux emulator) instead of the half-mode thermal-WDM translation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1204_3902_constrained_numsm_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Constrained nuMSM resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1204.3902", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no end-to-end structure-formation likelihood for the resonantly produced N1: the colder nonthermal momentum distribution must be propagated into a transfer function and compared to Lyman-alpha data, but the card provides no pipeline connecting f(p) to a Ly-alpha likelihood, so the structure verdict rests on qualitative WDM-bound arguments.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed sterile-dm-style resonant distribution functions into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic (ncdm with tabulated f(p)), and evaluate the resulting flux-power suppression against a public Lyman-alpha likelihood or WDM emulator over the (M1, sin^2(2 theta_1), asymmetry) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1303_6267_long_lived_majorana_decay_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Warm dark matter from long-lived Majorana fermion decays", "family": "decay_produced_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1303.6267", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No small-scale-structure likelihood applies to this decay-produced spectrum: Lyman-alpha and satellite-count constraints are calibrated for thermal-WDM transfer functions, and the card states no Ly-alpha likelihood was run, leaving the free-streaming viability constraint (con_majorana_decay_wdm_structure) unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the gap_2 nonthermal transfer functions onto existing Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via an area-criterion or emulator-based recast (and onto Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods), producing exclusion contours in (M1/M2, tau2, M1) instead of a single thermal-WDM mass bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin12_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermion-parent non-thermal fermion WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists to turn the mixed cold-plus-boosted matter-power suppression into a bound on the nonthermal fraction f: the quoted f < 0.01 limit is taken from the paper's WMAP9-plus-Lyman-alpha analytic summary (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes) and has never been recast with a modern CMB plus Lyman-alpha-forest data likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the f bound by feeding the gap_1 transfer functions into a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES-style compressed likelihoods) combined with Planck CMB data, scanning over f, tau_X, and M_X/M_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_coherent_oscillation_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Coherent-oscillation phi_16 degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation viability is judged only by a 0.3-0.5 Mpc free-streaming window and a rough thermal-WDM 1.9 keV mapping; no Lyman-alpha forest or Milky Way satellite-count likelihood has been applied to the actual nonthermal transfer function of this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model's computed T(k) through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or area-criterion/emulator recast for non-thermal spectra and through a Milky Way satellite-count likelihood (DES/PS1-style), replacing the free-streaming-window proxy with likelihood-grade bounds on m_DM and y_*.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_free_decay_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Free phi_16 decay degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation viability is judged only by a 0.3-0.5 Mpc free-streaming window and a rough thermal-WDM 1.9 keV mapping; no Lyman-alpha forest or Milky Way satellite-count likelihood has been applied to the actual nonthermal transfer function of this variant (m_DM 0.2-0.35 keV).", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model's computed T(k) through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or area-criterion/emulator recast for non-thermal spectra and through a Milky Way satellite-count likelihood (DES/PS1-style), replacing the free-streaming-window proxy with likelihood-grade bounds on m_DM, Br, and y_*.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_lmu_ltau_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) L_mu-L_tau vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function-level structure likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal f_4(x,z): the card notes the dwarf/Lyman-alpha lower-mass pressure is only a rough recast target with no full transfer-function likelihood per vector scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the solver-produced f_4(x,z) into CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute T(k), then recast through an existing Lyman-alpha emulator/likelihood (e.g. an area-criterion or WDM-equivalent mapping for non-thermal sterile spectra) and dwarf-count likelihoods to replace the qualitative 7.1 keV margin.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_13272_spin1_relativistic_decay_dm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Spin-1 relativistic-decay dark matter EFT", "family": "nonthermal_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.13272", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end likelihood pipeline maps the EFT parameters (Lambda, m_X, m_DM, tau_X, fraction f) onto joint CMB N_eff/H0, BBN light-element, and matter-power/free-streaming data, so the quoted H0 about 70 km/s/Mpc claim and the allowed parameter region cannot be statistically validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the modified solver of gap_1 in a Cobaya/MontePython run using Planck plus BAO plus SH0ES likelihoods, add PRIMAT/AlterBBN for photon-injection BBN bounds, and include a Lyman-alpha or CMB-lensing matter-power likelihood for the free-streaming constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_08095_scalar_driven_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-driven sterile-neutrino dark matter with an ultralight scalar", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08095", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No small-scale-structure likelihood accepts this model's non-thermal colder-than-DW transfer function; existing Lyman-alpha, strong-lensing, and satellite-count bounds are published as thermal-WDM or standard-DW mass limits (e.g. the quoted 92 keV DW exclusion) and cannot be applied without a model-specific recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the CLASS transfer function from the scalar-driven f_N(p) into existing WDM constraint machinery via a half-mode-mass or area-criterion mapping onto Lyman-alpha (compressed flux-power likelihoods or emulators), galaxy-galaxy strong-lensing substructure, and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, checking the mapping validity for the non-thermal spectral shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_16532_three_to_one_mixed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-to-one resonantly produced mixed sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16532", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood pipeline exists that jointly evaluates the fraction-weighted X-ray decay-line constraint and the strong-lensing, Milky-Way satellite, and Lyman-alpha structure constraints for mixed sterile-plus-CDM models; published limits assume all-sterile or thermal-WDM spectra and require recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's T(k) and fraction-weighted mixing angle into existing public likelihoods (DES/PS1 Milky-Way satellite likelihood, strong-lensing substructure likelihoods, a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator) and recast published X-ray line limits with the f-weighted decay flux, exposing the combination over (m_s, sin^2 2theta, L_alpha, f).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_08305_inflaton_produced_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-produced scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.08305", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint is imposed only through an equation-of-state matching to a thermal WDM bound (k_H > 15 h/Mpc criterion); no Boltzmann transfer-function computation for the actual nonthermal f_chi(q), and no Lyman-alpha likelihood evaluated on it, exist — the card notes a full recast could shift the m_chi bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated f_chi(q) from gap_1 into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold-dark-matter species to compute the true transfer-function cutoff, then evaluate it against a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. area-criterion or WDM-equivalent mapping calibrated on MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100/eBOSS) to replace the translated bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_15858_memory_burdened_pbh_evaporation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Memory-burdened PBH evaporation dark matter cogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.15858", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha obstruction to cogenesis is asserted via a thermal-WDM mass-bound mapping, not a likelihood: no Lyman-alpha likelihood or transfer-function-level recast exists for this nonthermal PBH-emitted spectrum, so the stated exclusion of simultaneous DM and BAU production is qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the computed non-cold transfer functions through an established Lyman-alpha constraint framework (area-criterion mapping onto thermal-WDM bounds, or directly through a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood) to obtain quantitative bounds in the (M_in, k, q, m_DM) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_15858_memory_burdened_pbh_evaporation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Memory-burdened PBH evaporation dark matter cogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.15858", "score": 30.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The induced-GW observable is compared only against LISA/ET/BBO/DECIGO sensitivity projections; no likelihood or detection-statistic module is attached, so the GW channel cannot yet constrain or favor parameter space quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Package digitized power-law-integrated sensitivity curves for LISA/ET/BBO/DECIGO into a signal-to-noise forecast module for the Omega_GW(f) output, so GW reach maps onto the same (M_in, beta, k, q) grid as the relic and Lyman-alpha calculations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0309652_light_collisional_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Light collisional cold dark matter", "family": "light_interacting_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0309652", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for the structure-formation survival bound: the damping-scale constraint (likelihood_available: unknown) is a qualitative exclusion of parameters that erase observed galaxy/early-halo scales, with no Lyman-alpha or halo-abundance statistical pipeline applicable to the oscillatory light-DM cutoff.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing small-scale-structure likelihood (Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator or MW satellite-count likelihood) in terms of the model's damping mass M_damp and kinetic-decoupling parameters, validating the non-WDM cutoff shape against a small set of dedicated hydrodynamical runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_5865_hidden_fermion_assisted_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-fermion-assisted gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5865", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mixed cold/warm small-scale constraint is inherited from a WMAP5-era Lyman-alpha analysis; no current mixed CDM+WDM Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator is connected to bound f_WDM versus lambda_FS for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a modern Lyman-alpha framework to the computed transfer functions, e.g. the Murgia-Irsic-Viel area-criterion recast or a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator, to update the allowed (f_WDM, lambda_FS) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m1_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M1", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint is applied only as a broad overview bound (decoupling before the ~100 eV epoch); no Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator calibrated for acoustic-damping (dark-oscillation) transfer-function shapes, as opposed to thermal-WDM cutoffs, is available for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's CLASS transfer functions through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator (e.g. an ETHOS/interacting-DM extension of WDM-calibrated emulators) or apply the area-criterion mapping validated for non-WDM cutoff shapes, replacing the fixed 100 eV timing cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m2_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M2", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood is available for the late-kinetic-decoupling cutoff; the paper uses only a broad overview bound and the card flags that modern, more restrictive Lyman-alpha analyses were not recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's computed transfer functions onto existing WDM/interacting-DM Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods or emulators (e.g. half-mode-mass mapping onto published MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 style analyses), validating the mapping for acoustic-oscillation-type cutoffs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0604132_heavy_scalar_decay_gravitino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-scalar decay gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0604132", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern small-scale-structure likelihood (Lyman-alpha forest or Milky Way satellite counts) is connected to this model's nonthermal suppression; the free-streaming constraint is a 2006-era analytic estimate, and the card records likelihood_available as no/unknown for all constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Once transfer functions exist (gap_1), recast them through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator or area-criterion WDM bound and through satellite-count likelihoods, mapping each (B_3/2, M_X, T_R) point to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass with validity checks on the shape mismatch.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1108_2282_dfsz_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axino cold dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.2282", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha/reionization likelihood applies to this model's mixed cold-warm axino scenario: the source used SDSS-era velocity bounds and a warm-fraction limit of about 0.35, while existing Lyman-alpha emulators and likelihoods are calibrated for pure thermal-relic WDM, not a subdominant warm component with a decay-injected spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast mixed cold+warm dark matter Lyman-alpha constraints onto the model by mapping the CLASS-computed transfer functions to the (warm fraction, thermal-equivalent mass) plane of published mixed-DM Lyman-alpha analyses, or extend a flux-power emulator with the mixed-spectrum suppression shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1108_2282_ksvz_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axino cold dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.2282", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha (small-scale structure) likelihood exists for the mixed cold-thermal plus warm-nonthermal axino population: the nonthermal phase-space distribution from NLSP decays is only approximate in the card, and existing Lyman-alpha bounds are calibrated to pure thermal WDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced axino f(p) analytically, evolve the mixed population with the CLASS ncdm sector to get the transfer function, and map onto Lyman-alpha constraints via the half-mode/area criterion or a WDM-calibrated flux-power emulator extended to cold-plus-warm mixtures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_05605_hidden_charged_dm_chiral_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-charged dark matter with chiral dark radiation", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1706.05605", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound on the model's power suppression exists only as a recast of a related but not identical DM-DR analysis (con_hidden_dr_lya_recast, likelihood_available: no); no validated mapping from the hidden-U(1) opacity to the flux-power likelihood used in that analysis is available for this model's e_D range.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the model's linear matter power spectra from the modified CLASS and evaluate them against a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or compressed emulator (e.g. an area-criterion or WDM-style emulator recast calibrated on SDSS/MIKE-HIRES data), validating the opacity-equivalence assumption stated on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0304260_mirror_matter_lss_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror matter dark matter with cooler mirror sector", "family": "mirror_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0304260", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha (or satellite/reionization) likelihood is valid for the mirror-baryon transfer function: existing small-scale constraints assume thermal-WDM-like smooth cutoffs, while this model predicts acoustic oscillations plus collisional damping, and the card marks the thermal WDM mapping as misleading.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic Lyman-alpha forest simulations (or extend an existing flux-power emulator) over a grid of mirror transfer functions parameterized by (x, Omega_b_prime), so oscillatory damped spectra can be constrained directly rather than through a thermal-WDM mass proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0805_2836_low_reheat_warm_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat warm gravitino dark matter", "family": "warm_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0805.2836", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Current small-scale-structure constraints on this model rest on a phase-space-density criterion and WMAP/Lyman-alpha-era literature; no modern Lyman-alpha or Milky Way satellite likelihood has been applied to the actual nonthermal gravitino spectra (likelihood_available: partial, thermal-WDM limits cannot be copied directly).", "proposed_resolution": "Propagate the model transfer functions through existing public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods and Milky Way satellite-count WDM likelihoods (DES/PS1-class), replacing the thermal-equivalent-mass shortcut with the exact f(p,t)-based suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0804_4543_numsm_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "nuMSM lepton-asymmetry resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0804.4543", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood applicable to resonant nonthermal sterile-neutrino spectra is available; the card only carries a 2005-era thermal-WDM lower-bound recast whose thermal-equivalent mapping the paper itself flags as unreliable for these spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model transfer functions from step s2 through a modern public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES-class analyses) instead of copying thermal-WDM mass limits, packaging the result as a likelihood over (M_1, sin^2 2theta, n_L/s).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_3539_nonminimal_scalar_r2_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Nonminimally coupled scalar dark matter from R^2 inflation", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.3539", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm/cold classification rests on an average-velocity-at-equality criterion; the decay-produced momentum distribution has not been propagated to a linear transfer function or confronted with a small-scale-structure (Lyman-alpha/subhalo) likelihood, and the card notes no dedicated Lyman-alpha likelihood was read.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced f(q) from the scalaron-decay kinematics, feed it to CLASS as a custom ncdm species to get the transfer-function cutoff, and map it to existing thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha and satellite-count bounds via a half-mode-mass matching.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1205_6480_goldilocks_gmsb_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Goldilocks cosmology gravitino dark matter in minimal GMSB", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.6480", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale-structure and BBN tests are only threshold criteria (lambda_FS < 0.5 Mpc, tau_chi < 0.1-1 s) with 'approximate' likelihoods; no transfer-function-based matter-power/Lyman-alpha likelihood for the decay-produced gravitino spectrum and no element-abundance BBN injection calculation exist for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the non-thermal gravitino momentum distribution from late neutralino decay, obtain T(k) via CLASS ncdm and evaluate a public Lyman-alpha or satellite-count likelihood in place of the 0.5 Mpc cut, and run the decay injection through a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS to replace the lifetime cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1902_08623_light_vector_plasmon_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light-vector freeze-in dark matter with plasmon decay", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1902.08623", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No reusable joint likelihood exists for the small-scale probes (Lyman-alpha forest, quasar lensing, stellar streams, Milky Way satellites) applied to arbitrary nonthermal freeze-in transfer functions; the quoted mass floor up to 20 keV was derived in the related paper and cannot be re-evaluated for other thermalization scenarios or parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a joint likelihood pipeline combining Planck CMB likelihoods, a compressed Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (or WDM-calibrated emulator), and published satellite/stream suppression likelihoods, parameterized by the model transfer function rather than a thermal-WDM mass, and calibrate it by reproducing the related paper's mass reach.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_04558_benchmark_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Benchmark FIMP freeze-in warm dark matter model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.04558", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator is available that consumes the FIMP's nonthermal transfer function directly; constraints are translated through an approximate thermal-WDM warmness or half-mode mapping, which the card flags as benchmark-dependent and a leading systematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the CLASS-computed nonthermal transfer functions into an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator framework (e.g. the MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 or eBOSS WDM emulator setups) with IGM nuisance marginalization, replacing the m_WDM-equivalent proxy with a direct P(k)-level likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_00117_hadronic_up_scalar_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Hadronic up-type minimal scalar FIMP freeze-in model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.00117", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No distribution-specific Lyman-alpha constraint exists for the decay-produced scalar FIMP momentum spectrum: the m_s > 12 keV floor is a quoted proxy bound without a transfer-function table or likelihood, and modern flux-power limits may move it.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the decay-produced f(p) analytically, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold ncdm species to get the transfer function over (m_s, m_F, T_R), and recast current Lyman-alpha WDM limits (half-mode/area criterion or an emulator-based flux-power likelihood) into an updated m_s floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_00117_leptonic_scalar_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic minimal scalar FIMP freeze-in model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.00117", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood is attached for the suppressed power spectra of this decay-produced FIMP; the constraint is a single quoted 12 keV threshold from the primary paper, which modern flux-power data would shift.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model transfer functions onto the Murgia-Viel {alpha,beta,gamma} parameterization and evaluate against an existing MIKE/HIRES/XQ-100 flux-power likelihood or a trained Lyman-alpha emulator, revalidating the 12 keV edge before scanning.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_08339_neutrino_portal_dark_force_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal dark matter with neutrino-mediated self-interactions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.08339", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collisional-damping cutoff and Lyman-alpha constraint are evaluated only by comparing to a generic DM-neutrino elastic-scattering bound; no Boltzmann-level computation or likelihood exists for this EFT's temperature-dependent DM-neutrino interaction and M_cut prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the neutrino-portal scattering rate in a DM-neutrino-interacting modified CLASS (ETHOS-style nu-DM coupling), compute the linear power suppression, and score it against Lyman-alpha flux-power and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods instead of the translated generic bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_01341_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_thermal_effects_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-effects freeze-in sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01341", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No production-specific structure-formation likelihood exists: Lyman-alpha, satellite-count, and phase-space bounds are quoted from thermal-relic or DW-based mappings, but constraining this model requires propagating its colder freeze-in distribution function to the matter power spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f(q) benchmarks into CLASS as non-cold dark matter to get transfer functions, then apply Lyman-alpha forest likelihoods/emulators and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, reporting mass bounds as a function of the freeze-in channel mix and f_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_05703_regurgitated_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Regurgitated fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.05703", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warmness of Hawking-emitted RDM is only checked against a crude BBN temperature floor; no transfer-function calculation or Lyman-alpha/structure-formation likelihood exists for the Hawking-emission phase-space distribution, leaving the warm-DM region unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the redshifted Hawking-emission momentum distribution into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm f(q), compute the linear power-spectrum suppression, and map it to existing Lyman-alpha WDM-equivalent bounds (or an emulator) to obtain a quantitative (m_DM, M_PBH) warmness constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_05703_regurgitated_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Regurgitated scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.05703", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warmness of Hawking-emitted scalar RDM is only checked against a crude BBN temperature floor; no transfer-function calculation or Lyman-alpha/structure-formation likelihood exists for the Hawking-emission phase-space distribution, leaving the warm-DM region unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the redshifted Hawking-emission momentum distribution into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm f(q), compute the linear power-spectrum suppression, and map it to existing Lyman-alpha WDM-equivalent bounds (or an emulator) to obtain a quantitative (m_DM, M_PBH) warmness constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01352_thermal_hadronic_axion_nonstandard_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Thermal hadronic axion in nonstandard cosmologies", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01352", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-to-likelihood pipeline exists for the mixed cold-misalignment plus warm-thermal axion population: CLASS-style ncdm setups handle a single thermal species with a nonstandard temperature, but no configured run or LSS/CMB likelihood covers the two-component (cold fraction plus warm fraction) case this model predicts.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure CLASS with a cold axion fluid plus an ncdm species at the computed axion temperature T_a0, and couple it to Planck and galaxy-clustering/Lyman-alpha likelihoods in MontePython or Cobaya, scanning (m_a, f_cold, f_warm) to produce reusable mixed-population constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1008_0992_relativistically_decoupled_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Relativistically decoupled warm dark matter with arbitrary distribution function", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.0992", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists that accepts a general transfer function T(k) with distribution-dependent free-streaming and acoustic-oscillation features; existing flux-power constraints and emulators are calibrated on thermal-relic or Dodelson-Widrow-like cutoffs, so the quoted 550 eV / 2.0 keV limits cannot be transferred to arbitrary f_0(p) without recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Ly-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood framework to take generic T(k) shapes as input (parameterized by cutoff scale, slope, and oscillation amplitude/phase) instead of a thermal-equivalent WDM mass, trained on hydrodynamic simulations spanning that shape space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1110_6382_a4_fn_seesaw_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "A4 Froggatt-Nielsen seesaw sterile-neutrino warm dark matter model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1110.6382", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No joint likelihood pipeline exists for this model combining X-ray decay-line limits, Lyman-alpha free-streaming constraints on a non-thermal sterile spectrum, and short-baseline/reactor oscillation fits over the (M_s, theta_s, FN-charge) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast pipeline: compute the transfer function from f(p) with a modified CLASS/CAMB non-cold-relic module, apply published Ly-alpha WDM likelihoods or emulators, add stacked X-ray line limits (e.g. from blank-sky and M31 analyses), and couple the eV-sterile sector to a public oscillation global-fit code.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1404_6127_global_u1_pseudo_dirac_dm_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Global-U(1) pseudo-Dirac dark matter with Goldstone dark radiation", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1404.6127", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Lyman-alpha and small-scale-structure constraints are only partially available and calibrated for WDM-like exponential cutoffs; no likelihood handles this model's oscillatory dark-acoustic-oscillation power spectrum, so exclusions cannot be stated without recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints for DAO-shaped spectra using an emulator or area-criterion mapping trained on hydrodynamical simulations with ETHOS-like initial conditions, fed by the gap_1 transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4899_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "7.1 keV sterile-neutrino dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4899", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No matter-power/Lyman-alpha likelihood (nor a validated thermal-WDM mapping, which the card marks unavailable) exists for this model's decay-produced nonthermal transfer function, so the free-streaming constraint status is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the linear transfer function with CLASS ncdm using the derived f(p), then recast it through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (or a validated area-criterion thermal-WDM mapping) to bound the (m_s, T_prod) benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1507_00982_quasi_cold_velocity_dispersion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quasi-cold dark matter with velocity-dispersion perturbations", "family": "quasi_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1507.00982", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated Lyman-alpha likelihood or calibrated recast maps sigma^2 to a flux-power constraint; the card's Lyman-alpha bound rests on comparing cutoff scales to thermal-WDM masses even though the quasi-cold transfer function is not identical to thermal WDM, and the validity of that mapping in the k ~ 20-70 h/Mpc range is untested.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the gap_1 linear P(k) into an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood framework calibrated on hydrodynamic simulations (e.g. the WDM-style emulators used for MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS analyses, or an area-criterion recast validated against them) to derive a direct exclusion on sigma^2 rather than an equivalent-WDM-mass proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05369_dw_modified_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with Dodelson-Widrow modification of a non-trivial initial abundance", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05369", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood (Milky Way satellite counts or Lyman-alpha forest) valid for mixed cold+warm non-thermal sterile-neutrino spectra; existing constraints are parameterized in thermal-WDM mass and the paper substitutes an approximate subhalo-abundance estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast a public satellite-count likelihood (DES/PS1-type subhalo abundance) and a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator in terms of the full linear P(k) (e.g. via half-mode scale or area-criterion mapping) so that arbitrary DW-modified transfer functions can be scored directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1709_09717_constrained_sidm_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Constrained self-interacting dark matter with dark photon and dark fermions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.09717", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No validated Lyman-alpha likelihood or WDM-equivalent mapping exists for this model's oscillatory dark-acoustic-damping transfer function; the paper's satellite-suppression conclusion rests on a qualitative recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES-style) with an area-criterion or emulator-based treatment of dark-acoustic-oscillation transfer functions, validated against a small set of hydrodynamic simulations with DAO initial conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_08486_cannibal_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cannibal scalar dark matter with 3-to-2 self-interactions", "family": "cannibal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.08486", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest constraint pipeline exists for CanDM: the paper defers the recast, and existing forest likelihoods/emulators are calibrated on WDM-like thermal cutoffs, not the pressure-driven suppression shape from cannibal dynamics (the card flags the WDM mapping as misleading).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed CanDM linear P(k) suppression shapes into an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power framework (e.g. an area-criterion or emulator-based WDM-style analysis extended to general suppression shapes), running a small set of hydrodynamic simulations to validate the mapping for full and ten-percent CanDM fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2108_02657_self_interacting_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting warm dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.02657", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No full Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood exists for SI-WDM: existing Lyman-alpha emulators and likelihoods are calibrated on CDM and thermal-WDM transfer-function shapes, while self-interactions change the cutoff shape (late kinetic coupling, dark acoustic-like features), so the paper's deviation criterion against thermal-WDM bounds cannot yield robust mass/cross-section limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small grid of hydrodynamical simulations (or validated a-la Sherwood rescalings) over representative siwdm-class transfer-function shapes and extend an existing Lyman-alpha emulator/likelihood framework (e.g., a LaCE-style flux-power emulator) to the SI-WDM shape parameters, then derive proper posterior bounds on (m_DM, C_V, C_m).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2112_03993_two_temperature_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two temperature dark matter (2TDM)", "family": "mixed_cold_warm_nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.03993", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood exists for the two-temperature nonthermal transfer-function shape; the card's Ly-alpha bound is a recast against thermal-WDM reference masses (3.5/5.3 keV), which the card itself flags as approximate for two-temperature spectra whose cutoff shape differs from thermal WDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Ly-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood framework (e.g. the MIKE/HIRES + XQ-100 grids or a Sherwood-type emulator) to accept general suppressed transfer functions parameterized by (A_2, eta, m_DM) or by shape parameters like the area criterion, and validate against the paper's quoted A_ref thresholds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_07660_two_component_cdm_self_heating_v1", "model_name": "Two-component cold dark matter with self-heated light component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.07660", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Lyman-alpha constraints exist only as a qualitative argument that thermal-WDM mass bounds are weakened; no dedicated recast maps the model's nonthermal, fraction-and-splitting-controlled suppression onto Lyman-alpha flux-power data.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model's transfer functions through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator or apply the area-criterion mapping calibrated on hydrodynamic simulations, scanning (r_1, m_1, m_2, sigma_self_1) to replace the qualitative weakened-bound statement with contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1004_4890_light_hidden_fermion_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light hidden fermion assisted gravitino dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.4890", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No mixed warm/cold structure-formation likelihood exists for decay-produced gravitino or hidden-fermion components: the route uses an approximate lambda_FS < 0.5 Mpc proxy instead of a transfer-function-level Lyman-alpha constraint on the warm fraction f_WDM with the nonthermal decay momentum spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nonthermal phase-space distribution f(q) for daughters of two-body LOSP or parent decays at lifetime tau_parent, feed it to CLASS as an ncdm component alongside the cold fraction, and compare against published Lyman-alpha mixed cold+warm fraction bounds or an emulator-based flux-power likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1410_0683_two_body_decaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-body decaying dark matter with one massless and one massive daughter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.0683", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood exists for two-body decaying dark matter; current constraints rely on effective mappings of the decay-induced suppression onto emulators trained on LCDM/WDM grids, which is only approximate at the S8-favored (tau, epsilon) values.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Ly-alpha flux-power emulator with hydrodynamical runs using two-body DDM linear spectra from the modified CLASS branch, or validate the existing effective-model compression (arXiv:2210.06117 approach) across the full (tau, epsilon) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0009003_nonthermal_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermally produced WIMP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0009003", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound on r_c rests on a visual comparison to a 750 eV thermal-WDM transfer function rather than a modern flux-power likelihood evaluated for the model's actual nonthermal transfer functions, and the dwarf phase-space bound is only an order-of-magnitude estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model's CLASS-generated transfer functions through an existing public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. the MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 or BOSS-based WDM analysis chains) using the standard area-criterion or direct P(k) interface to re-derive the r_c limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph9702236_interacting_hot_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Interacting hot neutrino dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9702236", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The route lists no likelihoods: there is no pipeline comparing the diffusion-damped matter power spectrum to modern large-scale-structure or CMB data, so the phenomenologically allowed lambda_mfp range cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS implementation from gap_1 exists, connect it through Cobaya/MontePython to Planck CMB, galaxy power spectrum, and Lyman-alpha 1D flux likelihoods to derive posterior bounds on (m_nu, sigma_nunu or lambda_mfp).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1711_10486_qcd_axion_parametric_resonance_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter from Peccei-Quinn-field parametric resonance", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.10486", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LSS/Lyman-alpha likelihood has been applied to resonance-produced warm axions; the card only has the qualitative v_a < 1e-3 warmness bound, and the constraint con_axion_lss_warmness_recast explicitly lacks a likelihood, so no exclusion curve in (m_S,i, f_a) exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated nonthermal spectra into CLASS as an ncdm species, compute transfer functions, and evaluate them against an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. the area-criterion or emulator-based WDM pipelines generalized to arbitrary f(p)), producing a warmness exclusion in the model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0801_3470_chilled_sterile_neutrino_out_of_equilibrium_decay_v1", "model_name": "Chilled sterile neutrino dark matter from out-of-equilibrium singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.3470", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood applies to this model: the card's bound is a 2008 SDSS free-streaming comparison (k_fs ~ 2/Mpc), and modern Lyman-alpha constraints and emulators are calibrated on thermal-WDM transfer functions, not the nonthermal out-of-equilibrium singlet-decay cutoff shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's transfer functions onto existing Lyman-alpha analyses via half-mode or area-criterion matching to thermal-WDM emulators (MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS-based), validated with a small set of hydrodynamic simulations for representative warm out-of-equilibrium spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1002_1306_preheating_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Preheating dark matter", "family": "decaying_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1002.1306", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline exists for the model: the paper only compares spectral shapes qualitatively to WMAP/SDSS/Lyman-alpha data with matter-radiation equality held fixed, so no modern CMB+LSS constraint on (m_phi, lambda) can be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS implementation of gap_1 exists, couple it to Cobaya or MontePython with the Planck 2018 CMB likelihoods plus a BOSS/eBOSS P(k) or Lyman-alpha likelihood and run an MCMC over (m_phi, lambda, z_T) alongside the standard cosmological parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_06739_equilibrium_scalar_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Equilibrium-scalar freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06739", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha/small-scale-structure constraint on the nonthermal N1 spectrum is applied only via an approximate thermal-WDM free-streaming mapping, which the card flags as a proxy; no likelihood ingests the actual nonthermal transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed f_N1(p) into CLASS as an ncdm species to compute exact linear transfer functions, then evaluate them against a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator calibrated for generic suppressed spectra (area-criterion or emulator-based) instead of the half-mode WDM mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_08464_asymmetric_dm_sterile_neutrino_dark_msw_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter with sterile-neutrino Dark MSW interactions", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.08464", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative small-scale-structure likelihood exists for the late DM-sterile-neutrino momentum transfer: the card records likelihood_available no, robustness low, and no forward-model step covers the obs_dm_neutrino_momentum_transfer_small_scales observable, so the (q_s^2 q_X^2, m_A) bound is only a qualitative exclusion statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the A-prime-mediated DM-neutrino momentum-transfer rate as an ETHOS-style dark-matter/dark-radiation coupling in a modified CLASS, compute the suppressed linear power spectra over the (q_s^2 q_X^2, m_A, m_X) space including the model-dependent sterile-sector temperature, and recast Lyman-alpha bounds via an area-criterion or emulator likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1809_06382_string_axiverse_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "String-axiverse misalignment dark matter parameterization", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.06382", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No fraction-aware Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or flux-power emulator exists for mixed ultralight-axion dark matter; existing bounds assume the axion is all of the dark matter, while this model's posterior favors Omega_a/Omega_cdm < 1 with log10(m_a/eV) near -21.5.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator with an axion-fraction parameter: run a grid of hydrodynamical simulations initialized with axionCAMB mixed-DM transfer functions over (m_a, Omega_a/Omega_cdm), train the emulator, and package it as a MontePython/Cobaya likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_02294_s3_z2_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 x Z2 sterile-neutrino dark matter model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.02294", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged X-ray-line or structure-formation (Lyman-alpha, satellite-count) likelihood is linked to the card for mapping a nonthermal sterile-neutrino momentum distribution onto exclusions; existing published limits assume standard Dodelson-Widrow-like spectra and would need reinterpretation for this model's colder or warmer f(p).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recasting pipeline that maps arbitrary f(p) to a half-mode-mass or equivalent-thermal-WDM mass via CLASS transfer functions and applies published Lyman-alpha/satellite likelihoods, combined with X-ray line flux limits rescaled by the computed abundance fraction and mixing-driven decay rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_10859_nonadiabatic_gravitational_uldm_v1", "model_name": "Non-adiabatically produced gravitational ultra-light scalar dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10859", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood applicable to this model exists: the quoted XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE fuzzy-DM bound assumes standard misalignment-FDM transfer functions, and no flux-power likelihood or emulator accepts the non-adiabatic production distribution's transfer-function shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE flux-power likelihood using an existing Lyman-alpha emulator conditioned on the linear transfer function (marginalizing IGM thermal history), mapping this model's suppression scale onto the emulator's cutoff parameterization and checking the mapping's validity against a small set of hydrodynamical simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_02921_cgut_inert_dark_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Conformal GUT hidden-sector inert dark fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.02921", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha constraint is applied only as a lambda_fs < 1 Mpc coldness threshold; there is no transfer-function-level calculation or likelihood for the model's nonthermal dark-fermion momentum distribution, whose transfer_function_shape the card marks unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the nonthermal f(p) from the inflaton-decay Boltzmann solution into CLASS as a non-cold-DM species, compute the linear transfer function, and constrain it with an existing Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator (e.g. the WDM half-mode area criterion or a MIKE/HIRES-calibrated flux-power emulator).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_03061_dark_matter_vortices_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter vortex filament model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.03061", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated recast likelihood links the ultralight mass m implied by any chosen interpretation of the N_V/m fit to Lyman-alpha and halo/subhalo structure bounds, particularly in the subcomponent or self-interacting-condensate regimes where published all-DM fuzzy bounds do not directly apply.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints (using public WDM/FDM emulators or the axionCAMB transfer functions mapped through a calibrated flux-power emulator) and Milky Way satellite/subhalo likelihoods into a joint likelihood over (m, dark matter fraction, g), covering the mixed cold-plus-ultralight case.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_00866_as_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Asymptotic-safety sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.00866", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha (or combined structure/X-ray) likelihood exists for a sub-MeV sterile neutrino with a scalar-decay nonthermal spectrum; published bounds assume Dodelson-Widrow or thermal-WDM spectra and the card marks the constraint as recast_required with no likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f_N(p) into CLASS/CAMB as an ncdm species to obtain transfer functions, then recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via an existing WDM emulator or half-mode/area-criterion mapping, and rescale published X-ray line limits by the model's actual abundance-mixing relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_00775_spinning_pbh_evaporation_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spinning-PBH evaporation Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2212.00775", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No warm-DM structure-formation likelihood exists for the Hawking-emitted phase-space distribution: the card notes lighter evaporation-produced particles need a distribution check before Lyman-alpha-like limits apply, but no released chain converts the FRISBHEE/BlackHawk emission spectrum into a transfer function and small-scale bound in the (M_PBH, a_star, m_chi) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract the redshifted Hawking phase-space distribution f(q) for Kerr PBHs from BlackHawk/FRISBHEE, feed it into CLASS as a non-cold ncdm species to obtain the transfer function, and recast published Lyman-alpha WDM mass bounds onto the (M_PBH, a_star, m_chi) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_00999_multi_ultralight_axion_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-ultralight-axion mixed dark matter", "family": "multi_component_ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00999", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Lyman-alpha likelihood or recast exists for multi-ULA transfer-function shapes; the cited 2e-20 eV bound assumes all-DM single-ULA spectra and the card marks likelihood availability unknown with recasting needed, while the WDM mapping is explicitly warned to be inaccurate.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. hydrodynamic-simulation-based emulators used for WDM/ULA bounds) onto the multi-ULA transfer-function parameter space (m_i, f_i, m_r), rather than relying on approximate WDM-equivalent masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_02049_coherent_incoherent_bosonic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Coherent-incoherent self-interacting bosonic dark matter framework", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.02049", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for confronting the hybrid transfer function with data: standard one-component FDM Lyman-alpha boson-mass bounds cannot be applied without mapping the full hybrid transfer function, and no dwarf-galaxy/core likelihood is packaged.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints by feeding the hybrid model's transfer functions through an existing Lyman-alpha emulator/likelihood pipeline over the (m, g, condensate fraction) space, and build an analogous recast of soliton-core and dwarf-galaxy density-profile constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_07462_hidden_axion_saxion_decay_v1", "model_name": "Hidden axion dark matter from saxion decay", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07462", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood is attached to the route (likelihood_available 'no' for con_lya_free_streaming_axion), so even with a transfer function the constraint can only be imposed through the crude L_fs < 0.1 Mpc criterion or a borrowed thermal-equivalent 5.3 keV bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the computed nonthermal transfer functions with an existing XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE flux-power likelihood or a Lyman-alpha emulator, or at minimum implement the published area-criterion recast that maps generic suppressed transfer functions onto the thermal-WDM exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_09640_clockwork_scalar_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Minimal clockwork neutrinogenesis scalar dark-sector subcomponent", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.09640", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing Lyman-alpha and CMB/LSS mixed hot-DM likelihoods are calibrated for thermal (WDM-like or massive-neutrino-like) spectra and no recast exists that bounds f_hot for this model's nonthermal secluded distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's transfer functions onto existing mixed cold-plus-hot constraints by matching suppression templates, or rerun a Lyman-alpha emulator-based likelihood on a grid of (m_phi, dark temperature, f_hot) to produce a reusable f_hot bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509257_intermediate_pgb_partial_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Intermediate-mass pseudo-Goldstone boson partial dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509257", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The m_I-f_I exclusion rests on a 2001-era WMAP + SDSS + Lyman-alpha + sigma8 combination; no modern CMB and galaxy-clustering likelihood analysis of the fractional intermediate-mass PGB exists, so current limits on f_I cannot be quoted.", "proposed_resolution": "Run axionCAMB or AxiCLASS for the (m_I, f_I) grid inside Cobaya/MontePython with Planck 2018, BAO, and DESI/eBOSS full-shape likelihoods, validating against the paper's historical below-ten-percent bound in the intermediate window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1306_3996_frozen_in_scalar_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Frozen-in scalar decay production of keV sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1306.3996", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for decay-produced nonthermal sterile-neutrino spectra: published warm-dark-matter Lyman-alpha bounds are calibrated on thermal-relic transfer functions, so the model's smooth-cutoff transfer function cannot be robustly confronted with forest data (the card itself notes transfer functions are more reliable than free-streaming estimates).", "proposed_resolution": "Map the CLASS transfer functions for f_N1(p) onto a generalized cutoff parameterization (e.g. the {alpha, beta, gamma} thermal-relic-equivalent scheme) and evaluate them with an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (Sherwood- or eBOSS-calibrated), instead of the half-mode area estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_00305_plateau_string_axion_ula_dm_v1", "model_name": "Plateau-potential string axion ultralight dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.00305", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or emulator is calibrated for transfer functions with resonance-enhanced power just below the fuzzy-DM Jeans scale; existing products are built for monotonic suppression shapes, so the claimed relaxation of the Lyman-alpha tension cannot be quantitatively tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator (e.g. one built on suppressed-power hydrodynamical grids) with hydrodynamical simulations of bump-plus-cutoff initial power spectra parameterized by (cutoff scale, bump amplitude, bump width), and expose it as a likelihood over (m, alpha, x_osc, omega_ULA).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0004332_cosh_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosh-potential scalar-field dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0004332", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Neither card constraint has a likelihood (likelihood_available: no for both): there is no pipeline recasting modern Lyman-alpha, satellite-count, or rotation-curve data onto the cosh-potential parameter space, so current viability rests on historical order-of-magnitude arguments.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the cosh model onto the standard ULDM/FDM (m_phi, transfer-function) parameterization using the gap_1 solver output, then reuse published Lyman-alpha flux-power and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods for FDM, adding a rotation-curve core comparison for the r_c prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_15565_scalar_self_interacting_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated self-interacting sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15565", "score": 24.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha constraints are applied only through a conservative v_rms-to-thermal-WDM proxy (m_WDM > 1.9 keV screen); no likelihood evaluates the actual nonthermal, self-interaction-reshaped momentum distribution, whose spectral shape can shift the bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model f_s(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic to obtain the linear transfer function, then apply an area-criterion mapping or a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator likelihood calibrated on hydrodynamic simulations to replace the v_rms proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_5431_kev_sterile_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter with radiative decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.5431", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists for the combined structure-formation and X-ray-decay viability constraint: Lyman-alpha bounds are calibrated for thermal WDM or oscillation-produced sterile neutrinos, not for this card's production-dependent spectra, and no single likelihood combines them with radiative-decay X-ray limits (con_0710_wdm_xray_structure_bounds: likelihood_available partial, recasting_needed yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the production-specific transfer functions (gap_1) through existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators/likelihoods, combine with published X-ray line-search limits (XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR blank-sky) on (m_s, theta), and release the joint likelihood over (m_s, theta, f_s, production mechanism).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0801_3470_chilled_sterile_neutrino_equilibrium_decay_v1", "model_name": "Chilled sterile neutrino dark matter from in-equilibrium singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.3470", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood applies to this model: the card's bound is a 2008 SDSS free-streaming comparison (k_fs ~ 2/Mpc), and modern Lyman-alpha constraints and emulators are calibrated on thermal-WDM transfer functions rather than the colder nonthermal singlet-decay cutoff shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's transfer functions onto existing Lyman-alpha analyses via the area-criterion or half-mode matching to thermal-WDM emulators (MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS-based), and validate the mapping with a small set of hydrodynamic simulations for representative chilled spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1110_6382_effective_a4_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Effective A4 model with one keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter state", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1110.6382", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray decay-line plus Lyman-alpha likelihood recast exists for this model's (m_s, theta_s) plane, including the subcomponent rescaling of line limits flagged in the card's caveats.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the recast: map f(p) to a transfer function with a modified CLASS non-cold-relic module, evaluate against published Ly-alpha WDM likelihoods/emulators, and overlay X-ray line limits rescaled by the sterile fraction, together with the active-neutrino texture consistency check.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1205_0553_decaying_scalar_cdm_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Decaying scalar CDM to dark radiation", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0553", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scalar-oscillation timing condition (oscillation onset T_osc ~ 100 eV before matter-radiation equality) is only checked against Lyman-alpha/SDSS matter-power bounds by rough analytic recasting; no quantitative matter-power or Lyman-alpha likelihood evaluation exists for the late-oscillating scalar CDM realization.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the linear matter power spectrum for the late-oscillating scalar (axion-like suppression scale set by m_phi and T_osc, e.g. with axionCAMB-style fluid equations added to the modified CLASS) and confront it with a public Lyman-alpha flux-power compressed likelihood or emulator to turn the timing condition into a quantitative bound on m_phi and T_osc.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_dodelson_widrow_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino WDM spectrum model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable Lyman-alpha or linear-structure likelihood exists that accepts the full Dodelson-Widrow non-thermal transfer function; published WDM limits assume thermal-relic spectra and the card says both constraints require recasting with no resolved likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods/emulators (e.g. the Irsic-style MIKE/HIRES or eBOSS WDM analyses) to take the variant T(k) directly instead of a thermal-mass mapping, and publish it as a plug-in likelihood keyed to k_1/2 and the fit parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_msm_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "MSM sterile-neutrino WDM from heavier-field decay", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable Lyman-alpha or linear-structure likelihood exists that accepts the full decay-produced non-thermal transfer function; published WDM limits assume thermal-relic spectra and the card says both constraints require recasting with no resolved likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods/emulators (e.g. Irsic-style MIKE/HIRES or eBOSS WDM analyses) to take the variant T(k) directly instead of a thermal-mass mapping, and publish it as a plug-in likelihood keyed to k_1/2 and the fit parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_shi_fuller_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Shi-Fuller resonant sterile-neutrino WDM spectrum model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable Lyman-alpha or linear-structure likelihood exists that accepts the full resonant non-thermal transfer function; published WDM limits assume thermal-relic spectra and the card says both constraints require recasting with no resolved likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods/emulators (e.g. Irsic-style MIKE/HIRES or eBOSS WDM analyses) to take the variant T(k) directly instead of a thermal-mass mapping, and publish it as a plug-in likelihood keyed to k_1/2 and the fit parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1401_1909_pbh_evaporation_hidden_sector_dm_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation hidden-sector dark matter cogenesis model", "family": "nonthermal_pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1401.1909", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha, satellite-count, or other small-scale-structure likelihood has been applied to this nonthermal Hawking-produced spectrum; the card provides no thermal-WDM mapping, so existing thermal-WDM bounds cannot be transferred directly (likelihood_available: no for constr_warm_dm_velocity).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the transfer function from gap_1 exists, apply an area-criterion or half-mode mapping to thermal WDM and reuse published Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods/emulators and Milky Way satellite likelihoods to bound M_DM versus M_0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_02116_ultralight_axion_instanton_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight axion fuzzy dark matter with instanton potential and temperature-dependent mass", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02116", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No small-scale-structure likelihood (Lyman-alpha flux power, subhalo mass function, or dwarf counts) has been built or recast for the delayed-oscillation transfer functions of this model, and the Planck isocurvature/tensor constraint is only quoted rather than rerun for the temperature-dependent-mass parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the extended Boltzmann solver exists, recast a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator and Milky Way subhalo/stream likelihoods against the modified transfer functions, and rerun the Planck isocurvature+tensor likelihood over (m_a, f_a, theta_i, n, H_I).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_07779_lvs_string_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Large Volume Scenario string ultralight axion", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07779", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the model's fuzzy-DM transfer function to small-scale-structure data: the route lists empty likelihoods and the card states that Lyman-alpha, black-hole superradiance, and CMB isocurvature likelihoods were not evaluated for this m_a-F window.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple axionCAMB/AxiCLASS ultralight-axion transfer functions, parameterized by (m_a, axion fraction Omega_a/Omega_DM), to existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, and add the published superradiance and isocurvature exclusion curves as priors on (m_a, F).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_01804_low_reheat_hidden_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector glueball dark matter in a late-modulus low-reheat cosmology", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01804", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood is supplied for this model (the card states this explicitly); the velocity bound is only approximate, so viable-region boundaries in (Lambda, m_X, T_RH) cannot be given statistical weight.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the gap_1 transfer functions to an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood framework (e.g. the standard WDM-style Lyman-alpha analysis chains) via the model's suppression scale, replacing the v_G proxy with a proper marginalized bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1709_07001_dirac_neutrino_portal_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal dark matter through the Dirac neutrino portal", "family": "neutrino_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.07001", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No joint likelihood combines the direct-detection, rare-decay, N_eff/BBN, and small-scale-structure probes; the card's global_overlay step is a conservative curve overlay, and the M_cut-to-satellite/Lyman-alpha mapping is explicitly approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood: digitized XENON1T/PandaX-II limits, a Planck N_eff likelihood, the rare-decay recast from gap_3, and a Milky Way satellite-count likelihood evaluated on the gap_2 transfer function, combined over (m_chi, m_phi, m_4, y_L, U_alpha4).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_10311_anomaly_free_alp_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free ALP inflaton dark matter for the XENON1T excess", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.10311", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The warm-DM constraint on the keV thermal ALP is only an order-of-magnitude mapping to sterile-neutrino bounds; no Lyman-alpha or small-scale-structure likelihood exists for a mixed cold-plus-warm scenario with a subdominant (1-100 percent) thermal ALP fraction and its actual momentum distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute mixed CDM+thermal-ALP transfer functions in CLASS/CAMB from the gap_1 distribution function and confront them with a fractional-warm-DM Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator (extending existing mixed cold-warm Lyman-alpha analyses to the diluted thermal ALP spectrum).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2012_07602_two_component_ultralight_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component ultralight axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2012.07602", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists that can consume the mixed two-component transfer function: published Lyman-alpha and dwarf-galaxy (Eridanus II) constraints are for a single dominant FDM component and require recasting, and no flux-power emulator is calibrated for the model's cutoff-plus-bump T(k) shapes.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing constraints by feeding MASTER mixed transfer functions into hydrodynamic Lyman-alpha simulations (or retrain an existing flux-power emulator on them) to build a flux-power likelihood in (m_i, Omega_i), and translate the Eridanus II soliton-heating/subhalo analysis to component fractions using the gap_1 simulation calibration.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_04453_hidden_sector_dark_fermion_hubble_tension_v1", "model_name": "Out-of-equilibrium U(1)_X hidden-sector dark-fermion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.04453", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood or recast exists for this model's dark-acoustic-oscillation/late-decoupling transfer functions; the primary paper only quotes a qualitative T_kd > 100 eV lower limit of low robustness.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints (e.g. via a public flux-power emulator or the half-mode/area-criterion mapping calibrated for non-WDM suppression shapes) against the ETHOS-type transfer functions produced in gap_2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_05214_kev_sterile_neutrino_secret_scalar_qi_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino dark matter with light-scalar neutrino self-interaction after quintessential inflation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05214", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator is available for the model's nonthermal secret-interaction phase-space distribution; only thermal-WDM-calibrated bounds exist, which the card explicitly warns cannot be applied directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Pipe the model f_N1(p) through CLASS ncdm to transfer functions and constrain them either with a published transfer-function area-criterion recast or by evaluating a public Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator (e.g. trained on Sherwood/Nyx grids) on the suppressed spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_07345_fermion_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic UV freeze-in baryogenesis with early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07345", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator is set up to constrain the nonthermal, EMD-diluted transfer functions of this model; existing bounds are thermal-WDM mass limits that map only approximately onto freeze-in spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a public Lyman-alpha emulator or area-criterion pipeline (calibrated on MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS-type flux power) to the model's computed transfer functions, replacing the thermal-WDM mass rescaling with a direct constraint on (m_chi, Delta_EMD).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_07345_scalar_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "Scalar UV freeze-in baryogenesis with early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07345", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator is set up to constrain the nonthermal, EMD-diluted transfer functions of this model; existing bounds are thermal-WDM mass limits that map only approximately onto freeze-in spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a public Lyman-alpha emulator or area-criterion pipeline (calibrated on MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS-type flux power) to the model's computed transfer functions, replacing the thermal-WDM mass rescaling with a direct constraint on (m_phi, Delta_EMD).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_07462_q_ball_decay_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter from Q-ball decay", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07462", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood is attached to the route (likelihood_available 'no' for con_lya_free_streaming_qball), leaving only the crude L_fs < 0.1 Mpc coldness criterion in place of a statistical bound on m_chi.", "proposed_resolution": "Connect the nonthermal transfer functions to an existing XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE flux-power likelihood or Lyman-alpha emulator, or implement the area-criterion recast mapping suppressed transfer functions onto the published thermal-WDM exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_10524_interacting_scalar_field_dm_v1", "model_name": "Interacting scalar-field dark matter with quintessence dark energy", "family": "interacting_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.10524", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Existing ultralight-scalar mass bounds (Lyman-alpha forest, dwarf galaxies, pulsar timing) assume a purely gravitationally interacting fuzzy-DM field, and no recast or emulator covers the interacting dark-energy-coupled scenario whose sound speed remains nonzero on all scales, so these constraints cannot be applied quantitatively to this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS implementation exists, rerun the Lyman-alpha and small-scale-structure constraint chains with the modified linear power spectrum, e.g. by mapping the model's suppressed P(k) through existing WDM/fuzzy-DM Lyman-alpha emulators with validity checks, or by dedicated hydrodynamic re-simulation for benchmark couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0204307_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting scalar field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0204307", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Both card constraints have likelihood_available: no — there is no likelihood connecting the SFDM cutoff and core predictions to rotation-curve (LSB/SPARC-type) or cluster-profile data, so the model's headline claims cannot be statistically tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood pipeline that fits the model's predicted rotation curves and cluster mass profiles to LSB/SPARC rotation-curve data and the 13-cluster Chandra profile set, and confront the suppressed P(k) with a Lyman-alpha or subhalo-count likelihood to bound m_phi and lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0607012_warm_neutralino_low_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating warm neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0607012", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern structure-formation constraint pipeline exists for this model: the 2006-era r_chi ~ 1e-7 target predates current Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite limits, and no recast of the nonthermal neutralino transfer function against those likelihoods has been performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Run CLASS with the derived nonthermal f(p) to get T(k), map to half-mode mass, and recast against existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods/emulators and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods to update the allowed r_chi range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412304_low_reheating_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating visible sterile-neutrino hot dark matter subcomponent", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412304", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The hot-subcomponent structure-suppression signature (lyman_alpha channel) has no evaluation path: the route contains no transfer-function step and no Lyman-alpha or CMB likelihood is set up for a nonthermal hot fraction f_s ~ 0.1 with the model's specific f_s(E,T) distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model's f_s(E,T) into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm phase-space distribution for the sterile fraction, compute the suppressed matter power spectrum, and constrain with existing Lyman-alpha forest likelihoods/emulators and CMB hot-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_wdm_2x24_v1", "model_name": "Two-24 type III GMSB gravitino warm dark matter variant", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood is attached to the warm-gravitino cutoff: con_wdm_phase_space_recast is a recast flag only, with no implemented mapping to Lyman-alpha, Milky Way satellite, or lensing constraints for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the transfer function exists, map its half-mode scale to an equivalent thermal WDM mass and apply published Lyman-alpha forest and satellite-count WDM likelihoods (or Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators) to the m_3/2-T_R plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_11248_superweak_sterile_neutrino_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak U(1) sterile neutrino dark matter (freeze-in variant)", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.11248", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast pipeline connects this model to Chandra/NuSTAR X-ray line limits (for nonzero active-sterile mixing) or to Lyman-alpha/small-scale-structure data for its specific nonthermal spectrum; the card marks likelihood_available 'unknown' for both recast constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast layer that maps (M_1, theta) onto published Chandra/NuSTAR line-flux limits and maps the freeze-in transfer function (once gap_1 is closed) onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM-style likelihoods or emulators via the standard m_WDM-equivalent matching.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_15967_electroweak_axion_fuzzy_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electroweak axion mixed fuzzy and cold dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.15967", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated small-scale structure likelihood exists for a mixed fuzzy+cold scenario with m_A ~ 10^-20-10^-19 eV and free axion fraction Omega_A/Omega_DM: existing fuzzy-DM bounds mostly assume 100 percent ULA dark matter, so the card's fractional suppression observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute linear mixed fuzzy+cold transfer functions with axionCAMB/AxiCLASS over (m_A, axion fraction), calibrate the nonlinear cutoff with mixed-DM fuzzy simulations (e.g. AxioNyx-type runs with a CDM component), and recast Lyman-alpha flux-power and Milky Way subhalo/stellar-stream likelihoods onto the fraction-mass plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1001_4634_ghost_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ghost dark matter", "family": "ghost_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1001.4634", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The M >= 10 eV bound rests on a qualitative no-suppression argument at k/h ~ 1 Mpc^-1; no likelihood pipeline exists to constrain the model's distinctive power-law (non-exponential, non-WDM) suppression with modern P(k), shear, and Lyman-alpha data.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the modified CLASS output to existing Cobaya/MontePython matter-power and shear likelihoods and add a Lyman-alpha flux-power recast valid for power-law suppression shapes, yielding a statistically defined M lower bound in place of the by-eye estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_2384_b_l_right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_B-L right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2384", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for this model's non-thermal, entropy-diluted keV RHN spectrum; the adopted M_1 > 1.6 keV bound is inherited from older thermal-WDM literature and cannot be updated without a distribution-specific recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's transfer function onto modern Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints using an existing thermal-WDM emulator via half-mode-mass or area-criterion matching, or run the transfer function through a public Lyman-alpha likelihood (e.g. MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS-based) directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1409_3167_degenerate_free_fermion_inflaton_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate free-fermion dark matter with inflaton-decay production", "family": "fermionic_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.3167", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha (or equivalent small-scale structure) likelihood has been applied to the model's nonthermal cutoff; existing Ly-alpha emulators and bounds are calibrated on thermal-relic WDM transfer functions, not decay-produced spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the CLASS-computed nonthermal transfer function onto the thermal-WDM equivalent via half-mode mass matching and evaluate against a public Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood/emulator, validating the mapping for the peaked decay spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1510_09010_noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical scalar unified dark matter-dark energy model", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1510.09010", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood recast exists for the model: background-plus-perturbation constraints on (alpha, Omega_0X) have never been run against SNe/BAO/CMB/matter-power data, and small-scale limits are borrowed from thermal WDM transfer functions whose shape differs from a constant-sound-speed suppression.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the CLASS implementation to Cobaya/MontePython with Planck, BAO, and SNe likelihoods, and add a Lyman-alpha/galaxy-clustering matter-power likelihood evaluated on the model's own transfer function instead of the WDM-mass analogy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_08796_neutrino_interacting_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Radiative neutrino-mass model with neutrino-interacting MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.08796", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No small-scale structure likelihood (Lyman-alpha forest or Milky Way satellite counts) is applicable to the damped dark-acoustic-oscillation transfer functions produced by DM-neutrino scattering; existing bounds are parameterized for thermal-WDM-like smooth cutoffs, yet the card states the matter power spectrum gives the stronger constraint on sigma_el.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator and a public satellite-count likelihood in terms of the full linear P(k) (area-criterion or half-mode mapping validated against interacting-DM simulations) so oscillatory suppressed spectra from the modified CLASS run can be scored directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1605_00991_gauge_b_l_multipartite_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge B-L radiative neutrino mass multipartite dark matter", "family": "multipartite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.00991", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for a mixed cold-plus-warm scenario with a fraction-dependent keV component: public Lyman-alpha and X-ray constraints are calibrated for pure thermal WDM or 100% sterile-neutrino dark matter, not for a subdominant warm fraction alongside cold B-L singlets.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute mixed C+WDM transfer functions with CLASS using the derived S prime f(p), and interface them with a fraction-aware Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator (extending existing mixed cold+warm forest analyses) plus X-ray decay limits rescaled by the S prime relic fraction and mixing angle.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_03928_primordial_magnetic_field_alp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axionlike-particle dark matter produced by primordial magnetic fields", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.03928", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the hot/warm ALP fraction bound: the card records likelihood_available no/unknown for both constraints and notes the exact excluded contours require reproducing the paper's figures, so the structure-suppression exclusion cannot be evaluated quantitatively for a mixed cold-plus-warm ALP population.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing mixed cold+warm dark matter Lyman-alpha constraints (Murgia-style area criterion or a mixed C+WDM emulator) onto the (Omega_ALP/Omega_DM, lambda_FS) plane using the transfer functions from the tabulated f(p), and digitize the paper's exclusion contours as a validation target.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1708_09406_general_interacting_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "General interacting dark sector with dark matter and dark radiation", "family": "interacting_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1708.09406", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or full-shape P(k) likelihood accepts the IDS suppression shape directly; the card warns the shape differs from step-like thermal-WDM mappings (thermal_wdm_mapping available: false), so small-scale constraints on Gamma_0 and f are only approximate recasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the IDS linear T^2(k) to a shape-agnostic Lyman-alpha likelihood/emulator (area-criterion or lym1d-style) and to full-shape galaxy power-spectrum likelihoods, rather than mapping through thermal-WDM equivalent masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_05376_fuzzy_dark_fluid_unified_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark fluid unified scalar", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.05376", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest or halo-structure likelihood is connected to the model's small-scale predictions; the card explicitly keeps fuzzy-DM mass limits as context because the comparison step is unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the model transfer function is available (gap_3), recast it through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood built for FDM/WDM suppression, and add dwarf-galaxy core-size and rotation-curve comparisons for the soliton predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2109_04476_thermal_misalignment_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-misalignment scalar dark matter", "family": "thermal_misalignment_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.04476", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood is attached to the model: the fuzzy-DM constraint is applied only as the quoted m_phi > 2e-21 eV threshold rather than a proper flux-power likelihood evaluated for this scalar.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing public fuzzy-DM Lyman-alpha analysis (e.g. an emulator-based forest flux-power likelihood) onto the model's (m_phi, y) plane using the transfer functions from the axionCAMB/AxiCLASS computation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_03167_fimp_dark_matter_from_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "FIMP dark matter from flavon portals", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03167", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood applicable to decay-produced FIMP spectra; the card's constraint is a quoted thermal-WDM-style mass bound (m > ~15 keV) with only an approximate mapping, and no thermal-WDM mapping is validated for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's CLASS transfer functions through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator or the area-criterion method calibrated on non-thermal spectra, producing exclusion contours in (n, m_chi, M_S) rather than a borrowed thermal-WDM mass bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_13378_dark_quark_nugget_dark_binary_v1", "model_name": "Dark-quark-nugget dark binaries with a long-range dark force", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13378", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for any of the model's constraints: the SGWB detector comparison, the pre-recombination Delta N_eff bound (which requires the recombination-cutoff integration the paper warns about), and the macroscopic-DM microlensing/accretion/Lyman-alpha abundance bounds exist only as plotted or externally published curves, not machine-readable products.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood package that combines digitized f(M) macroscopic-DM exclusion curves (microlensing, accretion, dwarf-galaxy star survival, Lyman-alpha), public PTA/LISA/ground-based sensitivity curves, and a Delta N_eff module that integrates Omega_GW plus dark-force radiation only up to recombination, exposed as a function of (M, f, alpha).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_13878_dark_population_transfer_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark population transfer sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.13878", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale-structure constraint is applied only via a rescaled thermal-relic mass bound (9.7 keV, times a T_DS/T_SM momentum argument); no model-specific transfer function, half-mode mass, or Lyman-alpha/subhalo likelihood exists for the colder internally thermalized N2 spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the N2 distribution f(q) with temperature T_DS from the transfer solver, run it through CLASS as an ncdm species to get the linear transfer function over the (m_N2, T_DS/T_SM) plane, and recast against existing Lyman-alpha flux-power and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0803_3725_axionic_mirage_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axionic mirage mediation axino dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0803.3725", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood is packaged for this nonthermal cutoff: the card marks likelihood_available as partial and recasting_needed yes, and thermal-WDM mass limits cannot be copied directly onto the decay-produced spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model transfer function through an existing generalized small-scale-suppression Lyman-alpha framework (e.g. the alpha-beta-gamma transfer-function parameterization fits used for non-thermal WDM), producing exclusion contours in (m_axino, decay time).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_0954_resonant_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced 7 keV sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.0954", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha and Local Group structure constraints are only partially available and are applied through approximate thermal-WDM mass mappings, which the card flags as invalid for the resonant transfer-function shape (benchmarks should be tested with the exact nonthermal transfer function).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints using an emulator trained on shape-varying (non-thermal) cutoffs fed the exact CLASS transfer functions for each L_4, instead of quoting a single thermal-WDM equivalent mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_1525_u1r_sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_R lepton-number model with keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1525", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Structure-formation constraints beyond the analytic phase-space floor are not applicable yet: Lyman-alpha limits were not applied, and existing Lyman-alpha emulators are calibrated for thermal-relic WDM, not for this model's (currently unknown) nonthermal sterile-neutrino distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Once f(p) is derived (gap_1), map the resulting transfer function to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass via half-mode matching and apply published Lyman-alpha thermal-WDM likelihoods/emulators, validating the mapping for the nonthermal shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_07779_higgs_singlet_operator_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-singlet higher-dimensional-operator ultralight axion", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07779", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No observational likelihoods are implemented for this model's (m_a, F, axion fraction) space: the card lists an empty likelihoods array and its caveats flag Lyman-alpha, black-hole superradiance, and CMB isocurvature constraints as needing external likelihood work.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a constraint module over (m_a, F, Omega_a fraction): recast published fuzzy-DM Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via axionCAMB/axiCLASS transfer functions, add black-hole superradiance exclusion bands in m_a, and evaluate CMB isocurvature bounds for the F ~ 1e16-1e18 GeV misalignment scenario.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_07779_susy_instanton_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric instanton-generated ultralight axion", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07779", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the instanton-axion transfer function to small-scale-structure data: the route's likelihoods list is empty and the card states Lyman-alpha, superradiance, and CMB isocurvature likelihoods were not evaluated for the targeted m_a-F window.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple axionCAMB/AxiCLASS transfer functions, parameterized by (m_a, axion fraction), to existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, and impose published superradiance and isocurvature exclusion curves as priors on (m_a, F).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1709_00436_asymmetric_bose_gas_light_bec_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light asymmetric Bose gas dark matter with present-day condensate", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.00436", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha lower-mass bound near 10^-20 eV is quoted from debated external literature (likelihood_available: unknown, recasting_needed: yes); no dedicated Lyman-alpha likelihood recast exists for the condensed conserved-charge scenario, so ultralight allowed regions cannot be marked robust.", "proposed_resolution": "Once model transfer functions exist (gap_1), recast them through a public Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/compressed likelihood calibrated for suppressed-power cosmologies to derive a model-specific ultralight mass bound replacing the debated literature value.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_06011_dark_glueball_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Dark glueballs with associated ultralight axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06011", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood exists for a mixed cosmology in which an ultralight axion (m_a ~ 1e-23 to 1e-21 eV) is only a fraction of the dark matter with the rest in cold glueballs; existing FDM bounds assume a 100 percent fuzzy component and the card notes the literature disagrees even on those.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend axionCAMB to two-component (ULA fraction plus CDM-like glueball) linear power spectra and run or emulate hydrodynamical Lyman-alpha forest simulations over (m_a, Omega_a/Omega_DM), building a flux-power likelihood analogous to existing WDM/FDM forest analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1812_10963_leptophilic_light_flavon_hot_relic_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic light flavon hot-relic model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1812.10963", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or small-scale-structure likelihood exists for a subdominant hot flavon fraction: the paper's order-one-percent hot-relic criterion is an estimate, and published mixed cold+hot bounds are calibrated for thermal non-cold species, not this model's freeze-out/freeze-in mixture.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast mixed cold+hot dark matter Lyman-alpha constraints (e.g. the 1702.01764-style f_ncdm bounds or a Lyman-alpha flux emulator) onto the (f_eta, m_eta) plane using the model's transfer functions, replacing the one-percent rule of thumb with a proper likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1903_08296_self_interacting_sterile_neutrino_heavy_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting sterile-neutrino dark matter with heavy scalar mediator", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.08296", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged X-ray line or structure (phase-space, subhalo, Lyman-alpha, reionization) likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal momentum distribution, which differs from both Dodelson-Widrow and thermal spectra; current constraints are overlaid exclusion curves derived for other spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline that takes the solver output f_s(p), computes the transfer function with CLASS using a tabulated non-cold distribution, and applies Lyman-alpha emulator and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, plus a digitized X-ray line likelihood in the (m_s, theta) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_scalar_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with scalar-mediated neutrino NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for the model's nonthermal, cosmology-dependent momentum distributions; the paper explicitly omits plotted Lyman-alpha exclusions because standard thermal-WDM mass bounds do not map directly onto NSI-modified spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f_s(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a tabulated non-cold-dark-matter species to obtain T(k), then apply an area-criterion or emulator-based Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (e.g. built on existing WDM/sterile-neutrino forest analyses) valid for general suppressed spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_07114_multifield_ultralight_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multifield ultralight dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.07114", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or flux-power emulator is calibrated for multifield/fractional ULDM suppression shapes; the published m_a > 2e-20 eV bound applies only to canonical single-field all-of-DM axions and cannot be applied to N-field mixtures directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Recalibrate a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator on hydrodynamic simulations initialized with multifield ULA transfer functions (spanning N, mass ratios, and fractions), or recast the existing single-field likelihood via a matched-suppression mapping validated against a few dedicated hydro runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0711_0470_mixed_collisionless_free_streaming_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mixed collisionless dark matter free-streaming model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.0470", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No small-scale-structure likelihood (Lyman-alpha forest, satellite counts, or strong-lensing subhalos) is valid for general mixed cold+warm transfer-function shapes; published bounds assume a single thermal-WDM cutoff and the card warns against substituting a thermal relic mapping for these nonthermal mixtures.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing satellite-count likelihood and a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator onto a general transfer-function parameterization (e.g. the alpha-beta-gamma fitting form) so mixed-model transfer functions from gap_1 can be scored directly, instead of through an invalid thermal-WDM mass mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0807_0646_scalar_decay_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-decay sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.0646", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest likelihood is packaged that accepts the scalar-decay transfer functions: the claimed relief of the X-ray versus Lyman-alpha tension from the low-momentum-enhanced spectrum cannot be tested because only thermal-relic comparisons and old literature bounds are available (likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model T(k) through a modern public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES-class) using the exact nonthermal spectrum rather than a thermal-equivalent mass, delivering a likelihood over (m_s, M, Y, T_dec).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_06487_vector_dm_magnetic_dipole_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter freeze-in through magnetic dipole interactions", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.06487", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha, strong-lensing, and Milky Way satellite constraints are calibrated for thermal WDM transfer functions, and no validated recast exists for the nonthermal magnetic-dipole freeze-in momentum distribution (UV-dominated production near T_RH), so the warm-structure bound on (m_Aprime, d_f, T_RH) is only approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the freeze-in f(p) from the dipole collision term, implement it in the CLASS ncdm sector to obtain the transfer function, and map to existing thermal-WDM-calibrated likelihoods via a half-mode-mass or area-criterion matching validated against a Lyman-alpha flux emulator; report where the shape mismatch invalidates the mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2211_14345_nonthermal_decay_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal decay-produced dark matter for the Hubble tension", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.14345", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No structure-formation likelihood exists for the hot fraction f: the limit f ~ 0.01 is an order-of-magnitude argument, with no transfer-function-based galaxy-clustering or Lyman-alpha likelihood computed for the decay-produced daughter velocity distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the extended Boltzmann solver from gap_1, compute P(k) suppression versus (f, k_fs) and confront it with galaxy power spectra at k = 0.02-0.2 h/Mpc and existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator constraints, recasting mixed cold+hot DM bounds onto (tau, f, mass ratio).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_10356_spin_zero_no_freeze_in_no_freeze_out_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Spin-zero no-freeze-in/no-freeze-out warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.10356", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Published Lyman-alpha forest limits apply only to thermal-relic WDM; no Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator accepts the colder no-freeze-in/no-freeze-out transfer function, so the translated limit rests on an approximate temperature-ratio rescaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (e.g. the Vid-Irsic-style or PRIYA/Sherwood-based WDM emulators) in terms of generic transfer-function suppression parameters (alpha, beta, gamma or half-mode scale) and evaluate it on the model's exact transfer function from gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0405109_approximate_pq_singlino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Approximate-PQ electroweak supersymmetry with singlino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_singlino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0405109", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm-DM bound on the singlino rests on a WMAP-era reionization argument (m_s > ~10 keV); no modern Lyman-alpha or Milky Way satellite likelihood has been applied to the model's nonthermal, entropy-diluted transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the diluted singlino f(p) from gap_2 into CLASS to obtain T(k), then constrain it with public Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods, mapping the result back to (m_s, D) instead of the obsolete 10 keV estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0912_2478_inert_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inert-Sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0912.2478", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound exists only as a thermal/conventional sterile-neutrino equivalent mass limit (m_s > 2.0 keV), and the card flags that no valid thermal-WDM mapping exists for this nonthermal decay-produced spectrum, so no likelihood can be applied to warm benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's computed transfer functions through a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator or the area-criterion method calibrated on WDM hydrodynamic simulations, producing a bound directly in (M1, m_eta_L, T_decay) space instead of a thermal-equivalent mass substitution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_1782_rpv_axino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "R-parity violating axino warm dark matter", "family": "axino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.1782", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood has been run for the 7 keV axino's nonthermal transfer function (likelihood listed as unavailable, recast required), so the reported tension of thermal-bath 7 keV axinos with Ly-alpha data cannot be quantified for this model's actual production history.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated f_axino(q) into CLASS, compute T(k), and evaluate it against a Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood/emulator that accepts general cutoff shapes rather than a single thermal-WDM mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_2075_dark_atom_sidm_dao_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "Dark-atom self-interacting dark matter with dark acoustic oscillations", "family": "atomic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.2075", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood valid for oscillatory DAO spectra: existing Ly-alpha analyses and emulators are built on smooth thermal-WDM-like cutoffs, and the card flags that mapping them onto the dark-atom transfer functions without dedicated hydrodynamical modeling can misclassify the benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Train an extended Ly-alpha flux-power emulator on hydrodynamical simulations that include oscillatory DAO initial power spectra (parameterized by r_DAO, damping scale, and interacting fraction), marginalizing over IGM thermal history and feedback, and release it as a likelihood usable on the benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1410_0683_many_body_decaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Many-body decaying dark matter with relativistic daughters", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.0683", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or weak-lensing likelihood covers the many-body decay's late-time scale-dependent suppression; existing Ly-alpha emulators are calibrated on LCDM/WDM-like power spectra and the related-work constraints (arXiv:2210.06117-style) apply to two-body kinematics only.", "proposed_resolution": "Validate an effective-parameter compression (amplitude and redshift of power suppression) of the many-body model against an existing Ly-alpha flux-power emulator, or retrain the emulator on hydro/N-body runs with the many-body linear input spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1612_02793_nonthermal_fermionic_b_l_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal fermionic dark matter in an anomaly-free B-L extension", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.02793", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no pipeline from the nonthermal distribution f_psi1(p) to a proper structure-formation likelihood: the coldness verdict rests on a lambda_fs threshold proxy rather than a transfer function confronted with Lyman-alpha (or CMB) data, so borderline-warm parameter regions cannot be judged.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated f_psi1(p) into CLASS as a non-cold relic (ncdm with a tabulated phase-space distribution) to compute the linear transfer function, then recast against a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or WDM-style emulator to obtain fraction- and spectrum-dependent bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_02225_decay_product_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stable fermion dark matter from decays of gravitationally produced superheavy particles", "family": "superheavy_decay_product_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.02225", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No small-scale structure likelihood recast exists for this model: the coldness requirement is a heuristic threshold, and no Lyman-alpha forest or satellite-count constraint has been mapped onto the (m_chi, m_S, y) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the transfer function from gap_1 is available, recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints (via half-mode-mass matching to warm-dark-matter limits or a public flux-power emulator) and Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods into a lower bound on y as a function of m_chi and m_S, replacing the 1 keV coldness heuristic.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_14660_gravitational_genesis_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-genesis two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.14660", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or small-scale-structure likelihood exists for this mixed cold (PBH relic) plus warm (evaporation-produced particle) dark matter scenario; the route explicitly lists the Lyman-alpha recast as unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the computed mixed C+W transfer functions onto published Lyman-alpha WDM bounds using an area-criterion or half-mode matching for the warm fraction (following existing mixed cold+warm DM Lyman-alpha analyses), or run the transfer functions through a public Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator with a warm-fraction parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_bminusl_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with B-L vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for the model's nonthermal, cosmology-dependent momentum distributions; the paper explicitly omits plotted Lyman-alpha exclusions because standard thermal-WDM mass bounds do not map directly onto NSI-modified spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f_s(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a tabulated non-cold-dark-matter species to obtain T(k), then apply an area-criterion or emulator-based Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (e.g. built on existing WDM/sterile-neutrino forest analyses) valid for general suppressed spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_neutrinophilic_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with neutrinophilic vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for the model's nonthermal, cosmology-dependent momentum distributions; the paper explicitly omits plotted Lyman-alpha exclusions because standard thermal-WDM mass bounds do not map directly onto NSI-modified spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f_s(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a tabulated non-cold-dark-matter species to obtain T(k), then apply an area-criterion or emulator-based Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (e.g. built on existing WDM/sterile-neutrino forest analyses) valid for general suppressed spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_09462_kerr_pbh_evaporated_non_cold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kerr primordial-black-hole evaporated non-cold dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.09462", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end likelihood evaluation exists for the PBH-emitted non-cold spectra: the Lyman-alpha constraint is imposed by matching the CLASS transfer-function cutoff to thermal-WDM reference bounds rather than evaluating the actual T(k) in a Lyman-alpha likelihood, and the BBN/CMB Delta N_eff limits are taken from review tables instead of being recomputed for each (M_in, a_star, beta_prime) point.", "proposed_resolution": "Fit the FRISBHEE+CLASS transfer functions to the standard {alpha, beta, gamma} non-cold parameterization and reuse published Lyman-alpha MCMC posteriors on that space, and wire Delta N_eff and evaporation-epoch outputs into a Planck lite plus BBN (PArthENoPE/PRIMAT-style) likelihood, packaged as a scan over (M_in, a_star, beta_prime, m_DM, s_DM).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13376_qcd_domain_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from matter-antimatter separation at the QCD phase transition", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13376", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline turns the domain-produced nonthermal spectrum f_N(p) into a linear transfer function and Lyman-alpha likelihood; the card explicitly warns that using a thermal or Dodelson-Widrow proxy spectrum would misstate the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Pass the computed f_N(p) into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to obtain transfer functions, then recast against Lyman-alpha flux-power data via an emulator-based likelihood covering mixed cold-plus-warm and cool resonant spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0003046_self_interacting_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting warm dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0003046", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists that constrains the SI-WDM shifted cutoff against modern small-scale data: the card provides no thermal-WDM mapping, so standard Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite bounds calibrated on collisionless-WDM transfer-function shapes cannot be applied directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the computed SI-WDM transfer functions through a shape-agnostic Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator (or the half-mode/area criterion validated against hydrodynamic simulations) and through subhalo/satellite-count likelihoods parameterized by the full T(k) rather than a thermal WDM mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0511630_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0511630", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No ready-to-run Lyman-alpha forest likelihood or emulator is interfaced to the nonthermal sterile-neutrino transfer function; the card's mass bound relies on an approximate thermal-WDM mapping that the paper itself warns against for this spectrally distorted distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute T(k) from the tabulated f_s(p) with CLASS ncdm and feed it to a public compressed Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES style), replacing the thermal-relic-equivalent mapping with a direct nonthermal recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_1175_bolon_coupled_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Bolon coupled dark matter from dilatation anomaly", "family": "coupled_scalar_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1012.1175", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No bolon-specific likelihood exists and the generic interacting-DE and scalar-DM Jeans constraints cited by the card apply only after an unperformed recast of (alpha, beta, lambda, chi_0) onto phenomenological coupling Q and transfer-function-cutoff parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the modified solver exists, run it inside MontePython/Cobaya against public Planck, BAO, SNIa, and growth likelihoods, and map the predicted small-scale cutoff to WDM-style half-mode-mass bounds from Milky Way satellite counts and Lyman-alpha data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1109_6291_dw_sterile_neutrino_wdm_halo_model_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino WDM halo model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1109.6291", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha flux-power or weak-lensing/substructure likelihood is connected to the DW sterile-neutrino transfer function; existing limits were quoted from thermal-relic analyses without rerunning likelihoods or IGM thermal histories.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast a public Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. the compressed area-criterion or an MP-Gadget/Sherwood-based emulator) to accept DW sterile-neutrino T(k), marginalizing over IGM thermal-history nuisances, and add a lensing/substructure likelihood on the suppressed halo statistics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_thermal_fermion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-equilibrium fermionic WDM primordial-spectrum model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood connects this model's thermal-WDM transfer function or k_1/2 to Lyman-alpha forest and high-redshift structure data; both constraints are marked recasting_needed with no resolved likelihood, so the data_compare step cannot produce a numerical exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the paper's T(k)/k_1/2 outputs with a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (e.g. eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES compressed WDM likelihoods) that accepts a generic transfer-function cutoff, and wire the mapping m_FD -> T(k) into it.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1505_03542_nonabelian_wimp_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian WIMP multiplet dark matter with dark gluon radiation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.03542", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB+BAO+Lyman-alpha likelihood pipeline has been assembled for this model's smooth power damping and interacting-radiation Delta N_eff; existing constraints are quoted only as conservative order-of-magnitude bounds requiring parameter translation.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the ETHOS-CLASS implementation from the collision-term derivation to Planck+BAO likelihoods in Cobaya/MontePython, and add a compressed Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator recast validated for smooth (non-cutoff) suppression shapes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1809_02338_scalar_dm_preheating_v1", "model_name": "Z2-stabilized scalar dark matter from preheating and reheating", "family": "feebly_interacting_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.02338", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The large-scale-structure/Lyman-alpha mass floor (con_lss_lya_kev_mass_floor) is applied only as a qualitative order-10-keV statement; no transfer-function computation or Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for this model's nonthermal spectrum (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the derived f(p) into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm phase-space distribution, compute the linear transfer function, and recast existing Lyman-alpha WDM bounds via the standard area-criterion or half-mode matching (or a Lyman-alpha flux emulator) to obtain a quantitative mass/coupling bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_hidden_scalar_decay_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky inflaton-decay hidden scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function computation or structure-formation likelihood exists for this decay-produced 10-100 keV scalar: the strong disfavoring of the L_FS ~ 10 Mpc minimal case and the viability of the ~0.1 Mpc nonminimal case are source-level statements never confronted with Lyman-alpha forest or Milky Way satellite-count data.", "proposed_resolution": "Run CLASS with the derived f(p) as a non-cold relic to get the suppression scale, map to a thermal-WDM-equivalent mass, and evaluate against existing Lyman-alpha emulator likelihoods and MW satellite-count constraints, exposing the result in (m_X, xi_X, xi_h).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0609081_higgs_singlet_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino dark matter from Higgs-singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0609081", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood applies to the colder decay-produced spectrum: existing Lyman-alpha bounds and emulators are calibrated for thermal-WDM or Dodelson-Widrow spectra, so the paper's central claim (bound relaxed from 10 keV to about 2.7 keV) has never been tested against a modern flux-power likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f(p) into CLASS's non-cold-relic sector to obtain T(k), then evaluate against a modern Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator using a generalized suppression-shape (area-criterion) mapping instead of the thermal-mass rescaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0705_3091_relativistic_bec_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate scalar dark matter cosmology", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.3091", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline connects the BEC particle parameters (m, a_s, lambda) to rotation-curve, minimum-halo, or Lyman-alpha data for this model; existing constraints in the card are analytic recasts from related papers with likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the gap_2 transfer function into an existing Lyman-alpha/WDM-style likelihood and build a SPARC-based rotation-curve likelihood over the Thomas-Fermi (m, a_s) halo model, validating against the quoted m ~ 2.92e-22 eV noninteracting and a_s-bounded repulsive regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1004_4213_light_gravitino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light gravitino dark matter scenarios", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.4213", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current Lyman-alpha likelihood exists for a mixed hot-thermal-gravitino plus CDM density fraction; the only quoted bound is the historical WMAP+Ly-alpha m_3/2 < 16 eV result at fixed effective temperature, which does not cover nonstandard-dilution or heavier all-DM scenarios.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast modern Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints (e.g. a WDM/hot-fraction emulator calibrated on hydrodynamic simulations) against CLASS ncdm transfer functions parameterized by (m_3/2, T_gravitino/T_photon, Omega_3/2 fraction), covering both the hot-subcomponent and diluted all-DM branches.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1006_4008_resonant_msm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonant MSM sterile-neutrino dark matter with technically natural N2-N3 degeneracy", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1006.4008", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood or emulator handles the nonthermal resonantly-produced N1 spectrum; existing Ly-alpha constraints are calibrated on thermal-WDM transfer functions, and the card flags that a thermal-equivalent mass proxy can misstate the viable region.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Ly-alpha flux-power emulator over CLASS transfer functions generated from resonant-DM phase-space distributions (parameterized by M_1, theta, L), validated with a small suite of hydrodynamic simulations, or rigorously validate an area-criterion mapping onto existing thermal-WDM likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1105_5136_fn_kev_sterile_neutrino_scenario_a_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen keV sterile-neutrino dark matter, Scenario A", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1105.5136", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha forest (or dwarf-count) likelihood is available that accepts a general nonthermal sterile-neutrino transfer function; existing thermal-WDM mass bounds cannot be applied directly to the FN spectrum (constraint marked recast_required, likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's transfer function to an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood framework (e.g. area-criterion or emulator-based recasts of thermal-WDM analyses generalized to arbitrary suppressed transfer functions) and add a Milky Way satellite-count likelihood keyed to the half-mode mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_2727_light_vector_decay_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "sterile-neutrino dark matter from light vector boson decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.2727", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha/small-scale-structure likelihood or validated thermal-equivalent mapping exists for the decay-produced, colder-than-thermal spectrum (k/T about 2.4-2.5); the card flags that the 7.1 keV benchmark cannot be declared allowed from the lambda_FS estimate alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f(q) into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution, compute transfer functions across the parameter grid, and recast against existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods/emulators (e.g. the standard WDM area-criterion or MIKE/HIRES+XQ-100 based likelihoods) to derive bounds directly on (m_s, M_Zprime, g_prime).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1607_01469_bl_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-L freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.01469", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline exists to translate the nonthermal freeze-in distribution into a small-scale-structure constraint: thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha bounds cannot be applied directly, and no transfer function has been computed for this model's f_N1(p).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed f_N1(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic distribution to obtain the linear transfer function, then map to constraints via the half-mode matching to thermal WDM or directly through a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1612_04824_geometric_baryogenesis_ultralight_alp_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Geometric-baryogenesis ultralight axion-like cold dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.04824", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator is available to recast the ultralight-ALP bound onto this model's (m, F_scalar) plane; the card can only quote the fixed published contour (m >= ~1e-21 eV for scalar fraction above ~30%), leaving the paper's m ~ 1e-22 eV full-DM benchmark and partial-fraction variants unevaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate linear matter power spectra with axionCAMB/AxiCLASS over a (m, F_scalar) grid and evaluate them against a public Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator calibrated on hydrodynamic simulation grids (Sherwood/Nyx-style), reproducing the 1708.00015 contour as validation before extending to arbitrary fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_05482_xc_charged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "XC charged dark matter with a light C particle", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.05482", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Small-scale structure is constrained only through the proxy criterion z_dec > 10^6 (CDM-like power for k < 10 h/Mpc); no Lyman-alpha or subhalo-count likelihood exists for the model's oscillatory, DAO-suppressed transfer functions, and the Planck N_eff constraint is applied as a summary bound rather than a bundled likelihood (likelihood_available: no/partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods (or ETHOS/WDM emulator-based bounds) onto the model's DAO transfer functions via an area-criterion or half-mode mapping, and wrap Planck N_eff plus H0 inference as a joint likelihood over (xi, Delta N_eff).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_10094_minicharged_subcomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Subpercent minicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.10094", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "None of the listed likelihoods is actually available for this model: the CMB scattering (Neff/mu-distortion and drag) limits, Lyman-alpha matter-power limits, and stellar/SN1987A/SLAC millicharge bounds are cited qualitatively without recast likelihoods, and no global 21-cm signal likelihood (EDGES-like, with astrophysical marginalization) is attached (likelihood_available: no/partial, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a joint likelihood in the (m_chi, epsilon, f_dm) space: recast the Planck DM-baryon-scattering CMB likelihood for a fractional charged component, add the published Lyman-alpha power-spectrum limit, digitize the stellar/SN1987A/SLAC exclusion curves, and wrap a global-21-cm-signal likelihood with marginalized radio background and heating.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1808_08236_despicable_dark_relic_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Despicable dark relic non-minimally coupled scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1808.08236", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lyman-alpha constraint exists for this model's light (sub-keV) relics: existing Lyman-alpha bounds and emulators are calibrated to thermal warm dark matter, while these relics have a nonthermal (or dark-thermalized, T_dark < T_gamma) distribution whose free-streaming differs from an equal-mass thermal relic, so sub-keV parameter points cannot be accepted or excluded.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the full relic distribution f(q) from gap_2 into a Boltzmann code that accepts arbitrary non-cold distribution functions (CLASS with ncdm psd files), compute the linear transfer function, and recast against Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints using the area-criterion or an existing WDM-emulator mapping generalized to non-thermal spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_14688_reproductive_freeze_in_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reproductive freeze-in self-interacting dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.14688", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists to confront RFI predictions with data: the relic constraint is only a target-density comparison (likelihood_available: no) and the Lyman-alpha/matter-power and SIDM halo constraints are flagged recast_required with no evaluated likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Once gap_2 provides P(k), recast existing Lyman-alpha WDM/ETHOS emulator bounds onto the RFI suppression scale, and map the model's predicted sigma/m onto published SIDM dwarf-and-cluster constraint compilations for the example Majorana and scalar realizations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_12342_ultralight_axion_bec_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting ultra-light axion-like Bose-Einstein-condensate dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.12342", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha (or other small-scale structure) likelihood accepts the self-interaction-modified BEC transfer function; the cited m > 2e-21 eV bound comes from free-ULA analyses whose cutoff shape and thermal-history marginalization do not transfer directly to this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the self-interacting BEC transfer functions with an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood (e.g. the Rogers-Peiris ULA pipeline or lym-alpha compressed likelihoods), marginalizing over IGM thermal history, to produce joint (m, lambda_s) bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_hidden_vector_decay_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky inflaton-decay massive Abelian vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the decay-produced vector's small-scale power suppression onto current structure-formation data; the coldness constraint is currently only a qualitative free-streaming argument.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published Lyman-alpha forest and Milky Way satellite-count WDM limits onto the nonthermal vector spectrum via half-mode-mass matching of the CLASS ncdm transfer function, or run the spectrum through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator to produce an m_X - (g v) exclusion curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_14288_two_component_wave_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-component wave dark matter with distinct boson masses", "family": "multi_component_fuzzy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.14288", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "All small-scale constraints on the model are single-component FDM bounds needing recast: no likelihood exists that maps ultrafaint-dwarf granule heating, satellite counts, or Lyman-alpha flux power onto the two-component (m_major, m_minor, f_major) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Generalize the published FDM granule-heating relaxation model to a two-mass superposition for the dwarf stellar-kinematics likelihood, and feed the two-component transfer function (gap_2) through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator calibrated for suppressed-power cosmologies.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_10315_decaying_wimp_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Instantaneously decaying WIMP warm dark matter", "family": "decay_produced_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.10315", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the SDSS DLA/HI collapsed-fraction lower limits used to constrain the warm tail of this model; the paper's comparison relies on private halo-threshold-mass modeling and the card flags recasting_needed for the Lyman-alpha/HI constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a MontePython/cobaya likelihood module that maps a suppressed matter power spectrum to halo collapsed fractions (Sheth-Tormen or simulation-calibrated mass function with WDM correction) and compares to SDSS DLA/HI lower limits at threshold masses 1e10 and 5e10 Msun, exposing the host-mass mapping as a nuisance parameter.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0212275_dark_group_warm_dark_baryons_v1", "model_name": "Dark group warm dark baryon model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0212275", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern likelihood recast exists for the model: the BBN/Neff energy-density bound and the free-streaming criterion are applied only as early-2000s analytic bounds (likelihood_available: no for both constraints), with no Lyman-alpha, satellite-count, or CMB/Neff pipeline connected.", "proposed_resolution": "Once transfer functions exist, recast standard WDM Lyman-alpha likelihoods/emulators and Milky Way satellite counts onto (Lambda_c, T_D/T_gamma), and apply Planck Neff and background-expansion (SN/BAO) likelihoods to the pre-condensation radiation and w_DE predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_2217_boson_decay_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Boson-decay sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2217", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha and satellite-count limits are quoted only for thermal-relic or Dodelson-Widrow distributions; no likelihood or validated mass-mapping exists that recasts these bounds onto the colder boson-decay distribution with g_d ~ 100.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the boson-decay transfer function in CLASS with the tabulated f_BD(y), match it to the equivalent thermal-relic half-mode scale, and run it through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator/likelihood to derive a distribution-specific mass bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1105_5136_fn_kev_sterile_neutrino_scenario_b_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen keV sterile-neutrino dark matter, Scenario B", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1105.5136", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha or dwarf-count likelihood exists for the resulting nonthermal FN sterile-neutrino transfer functions; only thermal-relic and Dodelson-Widrow mass bounds from the literature are available and they do not map directly onto this model's spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model transfer functions onto modern Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via half-mode/area-criterion matching to a thermal-WDM emulator, and add Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods for the same suppression scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_dark_glueball_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-produced dark SU(N) glueball dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or transfer-function recast tests the glueball scenario against structure-formation data: the combined abundance/coldness/self-interaction verdict is a source-level statement, with no mapping of the cannibalized glueball momentum distribution and sigma/m onto Lyman-alpha, Milky Way satellite, or cluster/dwarf SIDM constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the glueball transfer function with a CLASS non-cold-relic run seeded by the post-cannibalism phase-space distribution, map suppression to thermal-WDM-equivalent Lyman-alpha and satellite-count limits, and combine with existing SIDM cluster/dwarf constraint compilations for sigma/m.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_2219_dfsz_axino_kim_nilles_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axino dark matter in the Kim-Nilles mechanism", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2219", "score": 14.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Lyman-alpha likelihood is available for nonthermal axino transfer functions: the quoted ~5.3 keV thermal-WDM bound and the 7 keV comparison are borrowed thermal-relic mappings, and the card marks the recast (con_freezein_axino_lya_recast) as required but not performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the computed nonthermal transfer functions against Ly-alpha forest data using an area-criterion or half-mode mapping onto published thermal-WDM limits as a first pass, and for a proper likelihood connect them to a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator trained on hydrodynamical simulations that accepts general suppressed transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_13272_spin0_relativistic_decay_dm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Spin-0 relativistic-decay dark matter EFT", "family": "nonthermal_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.13272", "score": 11.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end likelihood pipeline maps the EFT parameters (Lambda, m_X, m_DM, tau_X, fraction f) onto joint CMB N_eff/H0, BBN light-element, and matter-power/free-streaming data, so the quoted H0 about 70 km/s/Mpc claim and the allowed parameter region cannot be statistically validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the modified solver of gap_1 in a Cobaya/MontePython run using Planck plus BAO plus SH0ES likelihoods, add PRIMAT/AlterBBN for photon-injection BBN bounds, and include a Lyman-alpha or CMB-lensing matter-power likelihood for the free-streaming constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_13272_spinhalf_relativistic_decay_dm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Spin-1/2 relativistic-decay dark matter EFT", "family": "nonthermal_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.13272", "score": 10.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end likelihood pipeline maps the EFT parameters (Lambda, m_X, m_DM, tau_X, fraction f) onto joint CMB N_eff/H0, BBN light-element, and matter-power/free-streaming data, so the quoted H0 about 70 km/s/Mpc claim and the allowed parameter region cannot be statistically validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the modified solver of gap_1 in a Cobaya/MontePython run using Planck plus BAO plus SH0ES likelihoods, add PRIMAT/AlterBBN for photon-injection BBN bounds, and include a Lyman-alpha or CMB-lensing matter-power likelihood for the free-streaming constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 4, "rank_structure_formation": 1}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Indirect-detection likelihood (γ-ray / cosmic-ray / ν)", "n_gaps": 247, "n_models": 243, "weight": 5819.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 45, "weight_structure_formation": 1159.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 164, "degrades_precision": 55, "blocks_all_observables": 15, "minor": 13}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 157, "small": 72, "large": 18}, "members": [{"model_id": "1911_04703_gauged_bl_dirac_neutrino_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L Dirac-neutrino two-component fermion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.04703", "score": 48.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists for this anomaly-free B-L variant: the fractional-charge chiral fermion sector, extended scalar potential, and two-component (psi_1, psi_2) coupled freeze-out with conversion annihilation must be re-encoded before micrOMEGAs can reproduce the paper's relic and direct-detection numbers.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the charge assignments, scalar sector, and Yukawa structure in FeynRules, export CalcHEP files, and run micrOMEGAs 5 in two-DM-component mode including psi_2 psi_2 -> psi_1 psi_1 conversion, validating against the paper's Omega_psi1 + Omega_psi2 = 0.120 benchmark regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_13554_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "UV freeze-in baryogenesis with Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.13554", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the coupled freeze-in plus CP-violating scattering asymmetry Boltzmann equations for the dimension-6 Dirac-fermion model with vector-like leptons; the paper's numerical scans are custom and unreleased, so Y_B and the viable Lambda-T_RH band cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled yield and B-L asymmetry equations (dimension-6 collision terms, tree-loop interference CP source, sphaleron conversion) in a released standalone solver, e.g. a Python/ULYSSES-style momentum-averaged Boltzmann code validated against the paper's benchmark Lambda-T_RH scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_6630_331_wimpy_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "331 WIMPy dark radiation model", "family": "mixed_thermal_nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1308.6630", "score": 40, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model file for the 3-3-1LHN scalar WIMP sector is identified in the card, so the thermal relic input to the route cannot be reproduced without re-implementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the 3-3-1LHN Lagrangian (scalar WIMP, N_R fermions, 3-3-1 gauge and scalar sectors) in FeynRules/SARAH and export a CalcHEP model file for micrOMEGAs freeze-out computation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_06085_numsm_fnv_leptogenesis_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "nuMSM sterile-neutrino dark matter with fermion-number-violating leptogenesis effects", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06085", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public numerical solver exists for the three-HNL finite-temperature density-matrix kinetic equations including the fermion-number-violating rates; the primary paper derives the equations but defers the full numerical produced-asymmetry scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's FNV-extended density-matrix equations in a numerical HNL kinetics code (extending an existing low-scale leptogenesis solver such as AMIQS-style density-matrix codes), validating against the zero-FNV limit and asymmetry-conservation checks named in the route's validation tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_12348_decaying_warm_dark_matter_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm dark matter with a massive dark-photon daughter", "family": "decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.12348", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver branch evolves a nonthermal (scalar-decay-produced) fermionic WDM parent that subsequently decays into a massive keV dark photon plus massless dark radiation, so the matter-power cutoff and CMB energy-transfer consistency cannot be computed from the actual phase-space distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS decaying-CDM branch with massive daughters (e.g. the DCDM-to-warm-daughter implementations) to take the scalar-decay-produced parent f(q) as a tabulated ncdm input and add the two-body decay to a massive vector plus dark-radiation species, outputting T(k) and the free-streaming scale for the 0.3-0.5 Mpc target.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_16966_u1_dark_photon_sidm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' dark-photon self-interacting dark matter from a MeV first-order phase transition", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16966", "score": 38.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB annihilation check for symmetric or partially asymmetric populations is not implemented: the Sommerfeld-enhanced, dark-photon-mediated annihilation with subsequent A'/phi decay to e+e- through the dimension-six operator is not wired into any energy-injection code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's cascade annihilation spectrum and Sommerfeld factor S(v) in DarkHistory or ExoCLASS and evaluate the Planck p_ann constraint as a function of the residual symmetric fraction set by Y_chi.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_03481_twin_bino_like_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Twin bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "twin_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03481", "score": 37.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation of the twin-sector spectrum exists: freeze-out proceeds through twin-fermion (especially twin tau) final states via a right-handed twin stau, with twin-sector degrees of freedom and only partial thermal contact with the SM, none of which is covered by stock micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the twin bino/higgsino/stau sector in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs with the twin-sector relativistic degrees of freedom and (if needed) a visible-twin temperature ratio to reproduce the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_01758_2hdm_singlet_doublet_fermion_blind_spot_v1", "model_name": "2HDM singlet-doublet fermion Higgs-portal dark matter with generalized blind spots", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.01758", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The extended FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for the 2HDM plus singlet-doublet fermion dark sector, which every numerical step (spectrum, relic density via micrOMEGAs, sigma_SI) depends on, are described in the paper but not publicly released.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model in FeynRules starting from the public 2HDM model file, add the S, D_1, D_2 fermions with the four Yukawa operators, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's Type-I/Type-II blind-spot strips and y_eff_DD ~ 0 samples.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal Dirac-fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs model file for the neutrinophilic THDM with the Z2-odd Dirac-fermion and scalar singlets is not publicly released, so the WIMP relic-density and cross-section pipeline cannot be run without re-implementing it.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the THDM plus sterile-neutrino-portal Lagrangian in FeynRules from the published field content and couplings, export CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's quoted Planck relic-density scan band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal Dirac-fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated nonthermal Boltzmann solver is set up for the FIMP regime with freeze-in from a thermal sterile-neutrino bath followed by late scalar-NLSP decay into the fermion DM, including the mass-ordering-dependent channel switching.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a custom coupled-Boltzmann code) to track Y_DM and Y_NLSP with sterile-neutrino decay and NLSP late-decay source terms across the WIMP/FIMP coupling range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17238_scalar_singlet_fimp_vectorlike_parent_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Scalar singlet FIMP dark matter with vectorlike fermion parent during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17238", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes scalar-singlet freeze-in from decays of a thermalized vectorlike fermion parent during non-instantaneous monomial reheating (m_P > T_rh), including entropy injection and bosonic versus fermionic reheating histories; the yield exists only in the paper's private integration.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routines (or release the paper's solver) to evolve the DM yield through a user-specified reheating history parameterized by (T_rh, k, bosonic/fermionic inflaton decay), validated against the radiation-dominated limit for m_P < T_rh and the stated factor-of-two rate difference from the charged-scalar-parent variant.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_02401_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino freeze-in/dark-freeze-out dark matter in a singlet scalar portal sector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02401", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No solver exists for the two-stage hidden-sector phase-space history of this model: momentum-level freeze-in production of the scalar parent from Higgs decays, its decay to sterile fermions, and lambda_s/g-dependent hidden-sector thermalization or dark freeze-out, yielding the sterile-neutrino distribution function f(p) needed for structure-formation predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a momentum-dependent Boltzmann code for the coupled s and psi phase-space densities with Higgs-decay source terms, s -> psi psi decay terms, and hidden-sector scattering, covering both the free-streaming freeze-in and dark-freeze-out regimes; output Omega h^2 and tabulated f(q) for direct use in CLASS ncdm, validated on the paper's 7.1 keV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_01670_lrs_su2r_quintuplet_bl0_singlet_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric SU(2)_R quintuplet dark matter with B-L=0 and singlet scalar", "family": "left_right_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01670", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation exists for the B-L=0 SU(2)_R quintuplet with its radiatively split charged partners, W_R-mediated coannihilation, and singlet-scalar (H_1) annihilation channels, so the resonance-dominated relic-density bands cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the left-right gauge sector, quintuplet multiplet, and singlet scalar in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files into micrOMEGAs with the full coannihilation spectrum, and validate by reproducing the paper's H_1-resonance, H_1 H_1, and W_R-coannihilation relic dips at the M_W_R = 6 TeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_01670_lrs_su2r_quintuplet_bl4_singlet_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric SU(2)_R quintuplet dark matter with B-L=4 and singlet scalar", "family": "left_right_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01670", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation exists for the B-L=4 SU(2)_R quintuplet with its H_1, W_R, Z_R, and mixed Z_R H_1 annihilation/coannihilation channels and radiative mass splittings, so the five resonance-dominated relic-density dips cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the left-right gauge sector, B-L=4 quintuplet, and singlet scalar in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files into micrOMEGAs with the full coannihilation spectrum, and validate against the paper's five relic dips at the M_W_R = 6 TeV and M_Z_R = 7.14 TeV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14091_z3_sterile_neutrino_portal_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z3 sterile-neutrino portal scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14091", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public CalcHEP/FeynRules model file for the Z3 sterile-neutrino portal (scalar singlet DM, dark fermion, electroweak-scale N, cubic phi^3 term) is released, so the micrOMEGAs pipeline the paper used cannot be reproduced or rerun by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Lagrangian in FeynRules, export a CalcHEP model file for micrOMEGAs including the Z3 cubic term driving semi-annihilation, and validate by reproducing the paper's scan figures (Rf/Rs, fsmbr, sigmav, fsms).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17238_majorana_fimp_scalar_parent_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Majorana FIMP dark matter with charged scalar parent during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17238", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes freeze-in from decays of a thermalized charged scalar parent during non-instantaneous monomial reheating (m_P > T_rh), including entropy injection and the k-dependent bosonic versus fermionic reheating histories; the yield exists only in the paper's private integration.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routines (or release the paper's solver) to evolve the DM yield through a user-specified reheating history parameterized by (T_rh, k, bosonic/fermionic inflaton decay), validated against the radiation-dominated limit for m_P < T_rh and the paper's factor-of-two scalar-versus-fermion parent rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_08943_hidden_dark_matter_hidm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden dark matter cosmology (HiDM)", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08943", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver module implements the HiDM species (equation of state w(a), sound speed c_s^2(a), fermionic/bosonic statistics with chemical potential, and equilibrium versus free-streaming perturbation treatments), so CMB spectra and linear matter power for HiDM cannot be computed with released tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement HiDM in CLASS either as a generalized dark matter fluid with the paper's fitted w(a), c_s^2(a) transition or as a full non-cold-dark-matter species with the HiDM phase-space distribution (statistics plus mu_ini), validated against the primary paper's suppression curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_14091_z3_sterile_neutrino_portal_fermion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z3 sterile-neutrino portal fermion WIMP dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14091", "score": 35.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public CalcHEP/FeynRules model file for the Z3 sterile-neutrino portal (fermion singlet, dark scalar, electroweak-scale N) is released, so the micrOMEGAs pipeline the paper used cannot be reproduced or rerun by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Lagrangian in FeynRules, export a CalcHEP model file for micrOMEGAs including the loop-induced effective Higgs coupling of the fermion, and validate by reproducing the paper's scan figures (Rf/Rs, fsmbr, sigmav, fsms).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_01846_pq_dirac_neutrino_fermion_wimp_axion_v1", "model_name": "PQ Dirac-neutrino model with fermionic WIMP and axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.01846", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for the PQ Dirac scotogenic sector, so the fermionic WIMP relic density including the NN -> nu_R nu_R channel, scalar mixing, and possible coannihilations is only known at the benchmark analytic-estimate level.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the model Lagrangian (N, eta_u, singlet scalar, nu_R, and scalar mixing) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP, and run micrOMEGAs to compute Omega_N h^2 with coannihilations across the (m_N, m_S, y') plane, validating against the paper's ~1 pb benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_01846_pq_dirac_neutrino_fermion_wimp_axion_v1", "model_name": "PQ Dirac-neutrino model with fermionic WIMP and axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.01846", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes Delta N_eff from right-handed neutrinos populated by dark-matter annihilation in this model; the source-flagged N_eff risk that could disfavor the fermionic case cannot currently be evaluated because the coupled nu_R thermal history (production, decoupling before BBN/CMB) has no released implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a nudec_BSM-style temperature-evolution code with collision terms for nu_R production from NN annihilation and singlet-scalar-mediated interactions, evolve the nu_R energy density through decoupling, and map the output Delta N_eff onto Planck/BBN bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_13244_sfdm_tf_v1", "model_name": "Scalar field dark matter in the Thomas-Fermi self-interaction regime", "family": "self_interacting_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.13244", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public linear Boltzmann/fluid solver implements the Thomas-Fermi-regime self-interacting scalar-field perturbation equations, so the SFDM-TF transfer function as a function of (m, g, R_TF) cannot be reproduced outside the authors' private treatment; existing codes cover only quintessence-like scalars or non-self-interacting FDM (axionCAMB).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with an SFDM-TF fluid module: implement the equation-of-state evolution through the stiff-to-matter-like transition and the effective sound speed from the repulsive quartic self-interaction, validated against the paper's analytic cutoff estimates and published transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_08266_singlet_doublet_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Radiative Dirac seesaw singlet-doublet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08266", "score": 34, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for this radiative Dirac seesaw singlet-doublet model (Z2-odd singlet-doublet Dirac fermion plus inert scalar doublets), so the relic-density and direct-detection scan the paper ran with micrOMEGAs cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model file for the Lagrangian (singlet-doublet Yukawa Y, mass mixing angle theta, inert doublets eta), export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's viable few-hundred-GeV region and the generic singlet-doublet DM literature (arXiv:1704.03417) implementations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_02098_split_fermionic_wimps_v1", "model_name": "Split fermionic WIMPs with singlet scalar Higgs portal", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.02098", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation of the split two-singlet-fermion Higgs-portal model exists, so the coannihilation freeze-out, sigma_SI, and <sigma v>_bb outputs of the main route cannot be computed reproducibly or the Delta = 10/50/100 GeV benchmark scans re-derived.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-fermion plus singlet-scalar Lagrangian in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs for coannihilation freeze-out and direct/indirect cross sections, and validate by reproducing the paper's Delta = 10, 50, 100 GeV scans and the minimal singlet-fermion exclusion in the decoupled-partner limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_heavy_dark_photon_dirac_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark-photon portal Dirac-fermion freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in code covers the full IR freeze-in calculation for keV-to-GeV Dirac fermion dark matter through a heavy kinetically mixed dark photon including in-medium plasmon decay, which dominates the yield at low masses; existing tools (micrOMEGAs freeze-in) treat only vacuum annihilation rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or a standalone integrator) with thermal-field-theory plasmon decay and in-medium mixing suppression for the dark-photon portal, validated against the primary paper's observed-relic epsilon(m_chi) target lines.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_00010_axion_quark_nugget_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00010", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public detector exposure/efficiency model exists for macroscopic AQN passages through IceCube (or ANITA/geothermal analogues); the quoted B > 3e24 lower bound assumes high detection efficiency and cannot be re-derived or varied over the nugget mass distribution without it.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct and release an effective-area and trigger-efficiency model for slow massive nugget tracks in IceCube (energy-deposition profile from the heating model folded with DOM response), and rerun the Poisson limit over B and the nugget size distribution instead of the mono-mass, unit-efficiency assumption.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition fermion dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the FOPT bubble-collision particle-production pipeline (field-excitation spectra to nonthermal fermion yield to Omega_DM h^2) even at the level of the paper's prescription; the card lists a particle-production implementation as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a module on top of a CosmoTransitions-class finite-temperature code that takes a user potential, computes (alpha, beta_over_H, wall gamma), evaluates the paper's yield formulas for the y_f phi psi_f psi_f coupling, and outputs Omega_DM h^2 with entropy-dilution bookkeeping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09239_nontopological_soliton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scalar nontopological soliton dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09239", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No detector-response or energy-loss model exists for macroscopic soliton transits (multiple-hit or extended tracks) through direct-detection and neutrino experiments, so the quoted 1e8-1e24 GeV search window cannot be turned into exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the soliton dE/dx and cross-section-versus-mass relation for the model's SM coupling variants and implement a transit-rate and signal-efficiency calculation for representative exposures (xenon TPCs, IceCube/Super-K style detectors), following existing macro-DM/Q-ball search formalisms.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_04930_2hdm_singlet_doublet_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "2HDM portal singlet-doublet dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.04930", "score": 31.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP/UFO model files) of the 2HDM-portal singlet-doublet Majorana fermion model exists in the registry, so the micrOMEGAs-style relic calculation and the direct-detection cross sections cannot be run as-is (computational_representation is null and associated code is unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules implementation of the 2HDM (types I/II/lepton-specific/flipped) plus singlet-doublet fermion Lagrangian, export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs to compute Omega h^2, sigma_SI, and sigma_SD, and validate against the paper's red relic contours and blind-spot cancellations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_b_minus_l_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with B-L vector portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 31.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented calculator produces gamma-ray and antiproton spectra for the two-step cascade chi chi -> Z' Z' followed by Z' decay through the B-L portal, whose B-L-current branching fractions (including neutrino channels) differ from standard direct-annihilation spectra tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute B-L mediator branching fractions analytically, generate rest-frame decay spectra with Pythia or PPPC4DMID tables, and apply the standard boost convolution for the two-step cascade; package this as a MadDM or Hazma-style module keyed to (m_chi, m_Zprime, B-L charges).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_07008_hidden_u1_radiative_seesaw_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1) radiative-seesaw fermion dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07008", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation (FeynRules/SARAH/CalcHEP files) exists for the hidden U(1)_H radiative-seesaw model, so the relic density rests on the paper's analytic s-wave estimate; coannihilation, p-wave pieces, and the full inert-scalar channel structure across the normal- and inverted-hierarchy mass windows (50-140 GeV vs 0.2-0.5 GeV) cannot be computed with public freeze-out machinery.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model (gauge sector, exotic fermions, inert scalars, neutral-fermion mixing) in SARAH/FeynRules, generate CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs for the relic density plus SPheno/FlavorKit for correlated g-2 and LFV observables, validating against the paper's scan windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_01866_spin_2_portal_fermion_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 portal fermion freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01866", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the spin-2 portal freeze-in yield through a non-instantaneous reheating background: the Boltzmann integration of R(T) over the inflaton-dominated era with both T_RH and T_max, including the transition between graviton-dominated, off-shell, resonant (narrow-width), and light-mediator regimes, currently requires custom code.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a standalone reheating-era freeze-in integrator (or extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module, which assumes radiation domination) that evolves Y_X over the inflaton-decay background parameterized by (T_RH, T_max), takes the paper's spin-dependent R(T) for scalar/fermion/vector final states as input, and validates against the superheavy-mediator graviton limit and a direct thermal integration across the m_G ~ T resonance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_06642_fermionic_clockwork_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic Clockwork FIMP with vector-like lepton portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06642", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The authors' FeynRules/micrOMEGAs 5.0 implementation of the fermionic Clockwork chain with Z2-odd vector-like leptons is of unknown availability, so the IR-dominated freeze-in yield cannot be recomputed or scanned without reimplementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or reimplement the FeynRules model (Clockwork fermion sites, Majorana masses M_L/M_R, vector-like lepton doublet, and the Y L' H psi_R,N Yukawa), export to CalcHEP, and run the micrOMEGAs 5 freeze-in module, validating against the source relic bands at Y_eff ~ 1e-10 to 1e-13; publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_dark_thermal_bath_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Phi_16 dark-thermal-bath degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-galaxy core prediction rests on the degenerate-fermion argument alone: no quantitative degenerate-fermion halo model (Jeans or phase-space analysis against dwarf-spheroidal kinematics) is available to turn the cored-halo claim into an evaluable observable for the 0.25-0.37 keV mass range.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a degenerate-fermion hydrostatic halo model (Thomas-Fermi/King-like profiles for a sub-keV fermion with the production-history velocity distribution) and fit it to published dwarf-spheroidal stellar-kinematics datasets in a Jeans-analysis likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_14662_scotogenic_singlet_fermion_two_step_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic singlet fermion dark matter with two-step freeze-in phase transition", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14662", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes freeze-in production of the singlet fermion N_1 through a two-step first-order phase transition, where decay channels open and close as the temporary inert-doublet VEV v_eta(T) and finite-temperature masses evolve; standard micrOMEGAs freeze-in assumes static zero-temperature masses and couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple CosmoTransitions output (phase sequence, T_n, v_eta(T)) to a modified freeze-in Boltzmann solver, e.g. extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or write a dedicated ODE solver with temperature-dependent decay widths and thermal masses for the eta -> N_1 L production channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_baryon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with baryon-number vector portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented calculator produces gamma-ray and antiproton spectra for the two-step cascade chi chi -> Z' Z' followed by Z' decay through the baryon-number portal, where quark-only (hadron-rich) branching fractions and light-mediator hadronization for m_Zprime down to 10 GeV are not covered by standard direct-annihilation spectra tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute baryonic-Z' branching fractions to quarks, generate rest-frame hadronic decay spectra with Pythia (validated for the 10-100 GeV mediator mass range), apply the boost convolution for the two-step cascade, and package it as a MadDM-style module keyed to (m_chi, m_Zprime).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_hypercharge_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with hypercharge-vector portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented calculator produces gamma-ray and antiproton spectra for the two-step cascade chi chi -> Z' Z' followed by Z' decay through the hypercharge (kinetic-mixing) portal, whose mass-dependent dark-photon-like branching fractions to SM fermions must be convolved with boosted decay spectra not covered by standard direct-annihilation tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute kinetically-mixed Z' branching fractions (including hadronic R-ratio corrections at low mediator mass), generate rest-frame decay spectra with Pythia or PPPC4DMID tables, apply the boost convolution for the two-step cascade, and package it as a MadDM-style module keyed to (m_chi, m_Zprime, epsilon).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_coherent_oscillation_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Coherent-oscillation phi_16 degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-galaxy core prediction rests on the degenerate-fermion argument alone: no quantitative degenerate-fermion halo model (Jeans or phase-space analysis against dwarf-spheroidal kinematics) is available to turn the cored-halo claim into an evaluable observable for the 100 eV - 1 keV mass range.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a degenerate-fermion hydrostatic halo model (Thomas-Fermi/King-like profiles for a sub-keV fermion with the production-history velocity distribution) and fit it to published dwarf-spheroidal stellar-kinematics datasets in a Jeans-analysis likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_free_decay_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Free phi_16 decay degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-galaxy core prediction rests on the degenerate-fermion argument alone: no quantitative degenerate-fermion halo model (Jeans or phase-space analysis against dwarf-spheroidal kinematics) is available to turn the cored-halo claim into an evaluable observable for the 0.2-0.35 keV mass range.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a degenerate-fermion hydrostatic halo model (Thomas-Fermi/King-like profiles for a sub-keV fermion with the production-history velocity distribution) and fit it to published dwarf-spheroidal stellar-kinematics datasets in a Jeans-analysis likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_07786_u1_t3r_subgev_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV U(1)_T3R Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.07786", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Accelerator and beam-dump reach for the U(1)_T3R mediators cannot be computed with existing dark-photon codes as-is: production and decay tools assume kinetic-mixing couplings, whereas here A' and phi' couple to right-handed u, d, and muon-sector fermions, and neutrino-facility acceptances (COHERENT, CCM, MicroBooNE, SBND, ICARUS, DUNE) are not packaged with the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DarkCast/FORESEE-style production maps with the U(1)_T3R charge structure (rescaled meson, bremsstrahlung, and heavy-state decay channels for both A' and phi'), and add experiment acceptance modules for the listed neutrino and forward facilities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_13628_decaying_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm dark matter to invisible radiation", "family": "decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.13628", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS decaying non-cold (warm mother plus massless daughter) Boltzmann hierarchy used in the primary analysis is not publicly released, so the whole pipeline cannot be rerun or extended without re-implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or re-implement the momentum-binned decaying-neutrino-style hierarchy in public CLASS (building on the existing decaying-CDM ncdm machinery), with the Fermi-Dirac-times-degeneracy initial condition and time-dilated decay terms, and release it with the MCMC configuration.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2211_02057_multicomponent_nonthermal_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Multi-component non-thermal flavon portal dark sector", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02057", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver evolves the coupled system of out-of-equilibrium flavon production (freeze-in plus coherent oscillations) and sequential multi-species dark-fermion decays chi_i -> chi_j chi_k chi_l / chi_i -> chi_j q q; the paper's yields and two-component approximation exist only as private calculations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a multi-species Boltzmann yield network with flavon freeze-in and oscillation source terms and FN-charge-parameterized decay chains, either by extending the micrOMEGAs freeze-in framework or as a standalone code validated against the paper's relic-density contours and the sequential two-component limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_17947_mass_varying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mass-varying dark matter with rapid mass turn-on", "family": "mass_varying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.17947", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver module evolves a fermionic species whose mass turns on rapidly at z_t: the authors' CLASS patch for time-varying dark-matter mass is not identifiably released, so the matter power spectrum and CMB spectra for MVDM cannot be recomputed by third parties.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement time-dependent mass support in the CLASS ncdm sector (promote m to m(a) with the card's fast-transition parameterization in the background and perturbation equations) and release it publicly, or obtain and archive the authors' existing CLASS patch; validate by recovering the CDM limit for early transitions and large M/T.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02997_right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino dark matter with forbidden annihilation", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02997", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) of the Z2-odd right-handed neutrino plus fermion partner plus Higgs-portal scalar Lagrangian exists in a relic-density code, so the forbidden-channel freeze-out Omega_N h^2 with detailed balance across the small splitting delta cannot be computed with public tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian in FeynRules and run it through micrOMEGAs (which performs exact thermal averaging over the forbidden threshold) to reproduce the paper's relic band in (m_N, delta, y).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_02997_right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino dark matter with forbidden annihilation", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02997", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline models the dark-matter phase-space distribution in the Sgr A* SMBH spike at the high velocities that reopen the forbidden N N -> phi phi channel, nor the resulting velocity-weighted annihilation rate and gamma-ray flux from phi decays.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a semi-analytic spike module (adiabatic spike plus relativistic phase-space distribution following the Shelton et al. 1406.4856 formalism) that convolves the velocity-dependent forbidden cross section with the spike distribution and outputs the Sgr A* photon spectrum for a grid of spike slopes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_05633_flavor_dependent_u1_inert_scalar_s_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-dependent gauged U(1) inert scalar S dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05633", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the flavor-dependent U(1)_{B-L_1} x U(1)_{B-L_2-L_3} model with inert scalar S and vector-like fermions exists for a Boltzmann/recoil code, so precision relic scans covering Z'-resonance and coannihilation regimes (excluded from the paper's simple analytic expression) cannot be run; the card itself lists micrOMEGAs-or-equivalent as a required but absent resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian (inert scalar S, vector-like Q'/L', two flavor-dependent Z' bosons, Higgs-portal coupling lambda_HS) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs for relic density and sigma_SI, validating against the paper's a_eff=0, b_eff-dominated relic curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5300_goldstini_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Goldstini decaying dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5300", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code generates the three-body goldstino -> gravitino + f fbar injection spectra (e+/e-, gamma including final-state radiation, antiprotons) from the dimension-8 goldstini operators; existing decaying-DM spectrum tables assume two-body channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the goldstino effective operators in a FeynRules/MadGraph model (or an analytic three-body phase-space integrator), shower with Pythia to produce e, gamma, and pbar spectra per channel, and tabulate them as a function of m_Gprime and the gravitino mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_05605_hidden_charged_dm_chiral_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-charged dark matter with chiral dark radiation", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1706.05605", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation covers this model's specific DM-dark-radiation opacity: the hidden-U(1) Coulomb-like scattering of Dirac DM off chiral hidden fermions/pions, with the confinement transition at Lambda ~ 1 eV changing the dark-radiation content, is not mapped onto the ETHOS a_n parameterization in any public modified CLASS/CAMB.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the temperature scaling of the hidden-U(1) DM-DR momentum-transfer rate across the confinement transition, map it onto the ETHOS opacity coefficients, and implement it in an ETHOS-style modified CLASS including the step in dark relativistic degrees of freedom at Lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_13339_pseudo_dirac_transition_dipole_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac transition-dipole freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.13339", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in solver implements the in-medium plasmon-decay production channel (gamma* -> chi1 chi2) together with UV-sensitive dipole-mediated fermion annihilation under an instantaneous low-reheating history (T_RH ~ 5-10 MeV); micrOMEGAs 5 covers only the vacuum fermionic channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (or a standalone Boltzmann integrator) with thermal-field-theory plasmon decay rates for transition dipole operators and a T_RH cutoff on the production integral, validating the R(T) temperature scaling quoted in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_13218_millicharged_excited_sfdm_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged excited-state scalar field dark matter halo", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.13218", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released numerical solver produces the axially asymmetric ground-plus-first-excited-state millicharged SFDM halo profile; the route depends on the paper's private halo solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Schrodinger-Poisson code such as PyUltraLight or UltraDark.jl to evolve multi-state (ground plus l=1 excited) configurations and release the benchmark halo profiles used for the Fermi-Bubble comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01729_z3_inert_multiplet_semiannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Z3 semi-annihilating inert scalar multiplet model", "family": "semi_annihilating_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.01729", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files) of the two-complex-inert-multiplet Z3 V_B4 scalar potential exists, so the micrOMEGAs-style semi-annihilation relic calculation, direct-detection cross sections, and indirect-detection rates cannot be run for arbitrary (n1, n2, Y, lambda_A, splittings).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-multiplet potential with its SU(2)_L tensor contractions in FeynRules for general n1, n2, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs with the Z3 discrete symmetry declared so semi-annihilation channels are included, and validate against the paper's relic-compatible mass ranges.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_real_scalar_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the one-loop EFT matching of the real scalar singlet t-channel portal (Yukawa-like lambda_L/R^f couplings to a single SM fermion via a fermionic mediator) onto nuclear-scattering Wilson coefficients and a direct-detection event rate; computational_representation is null and the paper's pipeline is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's one-loop matching formulas for scalar DM (arXiv:2405.09326, building on arXiv:1606.07001) as a FeynRules/model package feeding the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module or DDCalc, and validate against the paper's unit-coupling rate curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05678_messenger_qed_like_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "QED-like dark sector with heavy scalar messengers", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05678", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann relic-abundance code handles this multi-component dark-fermion sector with a massless dark-photon bath, hidden-sector thermalization, and messenger-mediated annihilation to SM fermions; the primary paper's relic estimates are approximate thermally-averaged cross-section arguments.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a coupled-Boltzmann code such as that used for hidden-sector freeze-out) to track multiple stable dark-fermion species and a dark-photon temperature separate from the SM bath, with messenger-exchange annihilation channels implemented from the model Lagrangian.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_4988_light_decoupled_techni_dilaton_v1", "model_name": "Light decoupled techni-dilaton dark matter", "family": "composite_dilaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4988", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the thermal (freeze-in-style) techni-dilaton yield from scattering in the walking-technicolor plasma with F_TD-suppressed couplings; only the coherent-misalignment component is straightforwardly analytic, so the thermal correction to the relic density and its warm subcomponent cannot be evaluated beyond the paper's estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the TD production rates (scale-anomaly gauge-boson and mass-proportional fermion couplings suppressed by 1/F_TD) as collision terms in a freeze-in Boltzmann integrator, e.g. a lightweight standalone solver or a micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY-style module, and combine with the standard misalignment calculation to reproduce the paper's Omega_TD h^2 = 0.11 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01124_neutron_dark_decay_two_dark_particles_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay two-dark-particle dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01124", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann relic implementation exists for the chi-phi two-dark-particle sector: only one analytic thermal benchmark is quoted, the t-channel dark-sector annihilation is unimplemented in any public code, and the alternative nonthermal production history has no computed yield at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian (colored scalar phi, two singlet Dirac fermions, complex scalar, lambda couplings) as a FeynRules/UFO model and solve the coupled chi-phi Boltzmann equations in micrOMEGAs or MadDM, including the t-channel exchange channel; add a parameterized nonthermal injection option to cover the non-freeze-out branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_10173_vector_like_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like portal scalar dark matter with finite-fermion-mass radiative corrections", "family": "vector_like_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.10173", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the finite-final-state-fermion-mass radiative annihilation rates (2-to-3 internal bremsstrahlung and one-loop annihilation to gauge bosons) for real scalar dark matter with a vector-like fermion t-channel mediator; existing relic and indirect-detection pipelines default to massless-final-state or tree-level approximations, which the paper shows misestimate the viable couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's finite-mass VIB and loop cross-section formulae as a micrOMEGAs improveCrossSection-style plug-in (or a MadDM custom-amplitude module) for the S-eta-f_R model, validated against the published massless limits, and couple it to the standard freeze-out Boltzmann solver so relic matching uses the corrected <sigma v>.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05663_hidden_higgs_portal_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden Higgs portal vector dark matter with two-step cascade annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05663", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation or cascade-spectrum generator exists for the two-step X X -> S S, S -> A A, A -> tau tau chain; the gamma-ray spectrum used in the Galactic-center fit is a private paper-level calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and generate the two-step cascade photon spectrum by boosting PPPC4DMID or Pythia8 tau-tau spectra through the S and A rest frames, releasing tabulated dN/dE_gamma(m_X, m_S, m_A) for reuse in indirect-detection fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_05703_regurgitated_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Regurgitated fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.05703", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the Fermiball formation-cooling-collapse pipeline (trapping of asymmetric dark fermions in false-vacuum remnants, Higgs-portal cooling, collapse to a PBH mass function) that sets M_PBH and the PBH abundance controlling the RDM yield.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's semi-analytic Fermiball equations (remnant population, cooling time, Chandrasekhar-like collapse condition) as a module taking FOPT outputs from gap_1 and emitting M_PBH and the PBH energy fraction, then couple it to a BlackHawk-style evaporation calculation of the final yield.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_05703_regurgitated_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Regurgitated scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.05703", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the Fermiball formation-cooling-collapse pipeline (trapping of asymmetric dark fermions in false-vacuum remnants, Higgs-portal cooling, collapse to a PBH mass function) that sets M_PBH and the PBH abundance controlling the RDM yield.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's semi-analytic Fermiball equations (remnant population, cooling time, collapse condition) as a module taking FOPT outputs from gap_1 and emitting M_PBH and the PBH energy fraction, then couple it to a BlackHawk-style evaporation calculation of the final scalar yield.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_08901_inert_triplet_fermionic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Y=0 inert-triplet radiative neutrino model with fermionic dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.08901", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (CalcHEP/LanHEP model files for micrOMEGAs) and no released neutrino/LFV scan code exist for this Y=0 inert-triplet radiative-neutrino model with the D_N1 fermionic DM candidate, so the thermal relic calculation and the published scan counts (4312 NH, 206 IH points) cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full Lagrangian (N_R, vector-like lepton doublets, inert triplet, charged scalar S+) in LanHEP/FeynRules, export micrOMEGAs 5.x model files, and package the neutrino-oscillation/LFV chi-square filter as a reproducible scan script validated against the 4312/206 published scan counts and the 5-percent relic window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_08588_fermionic_dm_two_pbh_evaporation_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter from two evaporating PBH distributions", "family": "primordial_black_hole_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.08588", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves two monochromatic PBH populations with distinct (M_BH, beta) through possibly successive PBH-dominated eras and computes the combined Hawking-produced fermionic DM yield; existing solvers (BlackHawk plus FRISBHEE-type cosmology integrators) assume a single mass distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a FRISBHEE-style Friedmann + Hawking-evaporation integrator to N monochromatic (and eventually continuous) PBH mass functions, tracking entropy injection and matter-radiation transitions from each population, and validate against the paper's two-distribution relic contours and narrowed forbidden mass intervals.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_09717_constrained_sidm_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Constrained self-interacting dark matter with dark photon and dark fermions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.09717", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation covers this model's dark-photon-mediated chi/dark-fermion scattering through kinetic decoupling; the paper used a private modified CAMB/ETHOS-style calculation and the card records no computational representation.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the chi-f momentum-transfer rate for the massive-dark-photon coupling onto the ETHOS a_n parameterization and implement it in a public ETHOS-branch CLASS, validating T_kd and the damping scale against the paper's analytic scalings.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_04074_singlet_fermion_veltman_v1", "model_name": "Singlet Dirac fermion dark matter with Veltman conditions", "family": "singlet_fermion_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04074", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's FeynRules/MadGraph5/MadDM implementation of the singlet-fermion-plus-singlet-scalar model with Higgs mixing is described but not publicly released, so no runnable model files exist for the relic-density and sigma_SI step.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the two-scalar Higgs-portal Lagrangian (mixing angle alpha, masses M1/M2, coupling g_S, singlet VEV v_s) in FeynRules and export CalcHEP/UFO model files for micrOMEGAs and MadDM, validating against the paper's resonance and heavy-mass allowed regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_05090_axion_quark_nugget_survival_distribution_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter with survival-based size distribution", "family": "axion_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.05090", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-response model exists for macroscopic nuclear-density nuggets in IceCube/ANITA/ancient-mica; current bounds are approximate recasts of magnetic-monopole flux limits whose signatures differ from AQN tracks and cascades.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive AQN-specific energy-deposition and track/cascade signatures per unit path length as a function of B, and implement them as a detector-response module for IceCube-like volumes and mica track formation, replacing the monopole-search translation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_04037_resonant_u1_zprime_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonant U(1)' Z-prime portal Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04037", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP model files for the anomaly-free U(1)' (B-L and flavor-dependent variants) with the Z3-stabilized Dirac fermion are not publicly available, so the micrOMEGAs relic-density and sigma_SI pipeline cannot be run without rebuilding the model implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the dark-sector Lagrangian with its anomaly-free charge assignments in LanHEP (or FeynRules/UFO) for micrOMEGAs, release the model files, and validate by recovering the paper's resonant scan (M_Zprime 10^-3 to 50 GeV, g_prime 10^-6 to 10^-1, M_chi = 0.45-0.55 M_Zprime) and benchmark relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_02217_scotozee_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "ScotoZee model with Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02217", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public SARAH model files or MicrOMEGAs/CalcHEP implementation of the ScotoZee model (inert doublet plus charged singlet with Majorana singlet fermions) is released, so the spectrum, oblique parameters, and thermal relic-density scan cannot be reproduced despite both frameworks being public.", "proposed_resolution": "Write and release a SARAH model file for the ScotoZee Lagrangian (Y and f Yukawa sectors, charged-scalar mixing), generate the CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs implementation, and validate against the paper's Fig. 3 relic and direct-detection regions and quoted benchmark textures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_15118_z8_hybrid_scotogenic_type_ii_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z8 hybrid scotogenic/type-II seesaw scalar dark matter model", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.15118", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the Z8 hybrid scotogenic/type-II seesaw model: the SARAH/SPheno/FlavourKit and MicrOMEGAs inputs encoding the Z8^e-mu flavour texture, two inert doublets, singlet fermion, and triplet sector were used by the authors but not released, blocking independent reproduction of the neutrino/cLFV fit and relic scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the model in SARAH from the published Lagrangian and Z8 charge assignments, generate SPheno/FlavourKit and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's quoted relic windows (near 60 GeV and 68-90 GeV) and cLFV benchmark rates before public release.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09446_hidden_sector_axion_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden sector axion portal dark matter with p-wave freezeout and s-wave three-mediator annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09446", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the black-hole spike flux pipeline for this model: spike density profile with adjustable gamma_c, gamma_sp, and spike radius, J-factor within instrument angular resolution, and binned flux comparison to Fermi 3FGL J1745.6-2859c and HESS J1745-290 spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the Gondolo-Silk spike profile with heating/annihilation-plateau options as a small Python module, convolve with the analytic 3-a photon spectrum, and validate against the primary paper's Fermi/H.E.S.S. exclusion contours before releasing it as a reusable spike-flux calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11332_su2d_chiral_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D chiral fermion dark matter", "family": "chiral_fermion_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11332", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's micrOMEGAs implementation of the SU(2)_D chiral model (fermion 4-plet, scalar 7-plet, T-prime spectrum, h/h-prime mixing) is private; without public model files the relic-density and spin-independent scattering scans over (m_psi, m_hprime, m_H, m_V, y_D, g_D, theta) cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the model in FeynRules from the published Lagrangian, export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's quoted results (e.g. the 280 GeV nonresonant single-component mass limit) before releasing the implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_02458_chilly_asymmetric_reheating_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Chilly asymmetrically reheated thermal dark sector", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02458", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public two-sector reheating Boltzmann solver implements the paper's relativistic collision integrals for inflaton-mediated energy transfer with Bose-Einstein/Fermi-Dirac phase-space factors, so the T_HS/T_SM evolution and washout regions cannot be recomputed for new inflaton masses, couplings, or hidden-sector examples.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the paper's collision-term formalism into a released code: a coupled two-sector temperature-evolution solver during and after reheating, using Cubature/Cuba (or equivalent) for the relativistic collision integrals, with the scalar, fermion, and pseudoscalar-gauge example couplings as validation cases against the paper's washout/no-washout regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1808_06816_ohelium_composite_dark_atom_v1", "model_name": "OHe composite dark atom model", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1808.06816", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No production-model recast maps LHC stable doubly-charged particle searches onto the O-- constituent, so the collider constraint on m_O is only a qualitative target.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a benchmark Drell-Yan production model for the charge -2 state, simulate it (MadGraph plus a heavy-stable-charged-particle recast such as those in CheckMATE/HSCP analyses), and translate ATLAS/CMS multi-charged-particle limits into a lower bound on m_O to compare with the ~1.25 TeV positron-line region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_07992_massive_spin2_portal_uv_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Massive spin-2 portal UV freeze-in dark matter in nonstandard cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07992", "score": 26.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code solves the coupled decaying-fluid plus radiation reheating system for general pre-BBN equation of state w together with spin-2-mediated freeze-in production, including the transition between the light (m_2 < T_max) and heavy (m_2 > T_max) mediator regimes and the spin-dependent prefactors for scalar, fermion, and vector dark matter; existing freeze-in tools assume instantaneous reheating in radiation domination, so evaluation relies on the paper's regime-by-regime analytic formulae done by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small reusable reheating-era Boltzmann module (or extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routine) that integrates the two-fluid energy-density equations for user-specified w, evaluates the spin-2 production rate with the full m_2/T dependence so the light/heavy regimes are interpolated rather than patched, and outputs Omega h^2 and the boost factor over (Lambda, m_2, T_RH, T_max/T_RH, w), validated against the paper's benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12278_dark_charge_z6_two_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-charge Z6 two-fermion dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.12278", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the Z6 dark-charge F5/F6 model (vectorlike fermions, phi7 mediator, Z prime) exists in any public relic code, so the coupled two-component freeze-out that fixes the cold F5 fraction and the depleted F6 fraction feeding the boosted signal cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the F5, F6, phi7, Z prime Lagrangian of the k=6 benchmark in FeynRules/CalcHEP and solve the coupled two-component Boltzmann equations in micrOMEGAs' multi-component mode, covering both the small-coupling boosted benchmark (m7 > m5 + m6, m5 > m6) and the large-coupling coexisting-WIMP regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_09203_bl_fimp_fermion_scalar_nlop_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L fermion FIMP with scalar NLOP decay", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.09203", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation exists to compute the mixed relic abundance — thermal freeze-in of the fermion FIMP plus scalar _D freeze-out and its late super-WIMP decay contribution — with a public solver; the card records only the paper's equations and no reusable code.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model of the gauged B-L sector (S, Z_BL, N, _D, fermion FIMP) and use micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines for the thermal yield plus its freeze-out routines for Omega_D, adding the analytic _D -> chi N late-decay conversion; validate against the paper's m_D = 100 GeV, M_N = 50 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_11551_leptophilic_u1_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic U(1)_L self-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.11551", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the anomaly-free U(1)_L construction (Dirac dark matter, light leptophilic Z', exotic fermions, singlet scalar) exists for standard relic-density machinery; the Sommerfeld-corrected Boltzmann evolution was done in private Mathematica code that cannot be reproduced from the paper text.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_L model in FeynRules and run it through micrOMEGAs or MadDM with Sommerfeld enhancement in the light-mediator regime, validating against the paper's quoted 0.1 GeV < m_DM < 500 GeV and 0.1 MeV < m_Zprime < 0.5 GeV viable window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_02217_scotozee_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "ScotoZee model with scalar inert dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02217", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public SARAH/CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model files exist for the ScotoZee charged-singlet extension, so the spectrum and relic-density pipeline used in the paper cannot be reproduced without reimplementing the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ScotoZee Lagrangian (inert doublet plus charged singlet plus singlet fermions) in SARAH and release the generated CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model files with a benchmark card reproducing the paper's Fig. 3 relic regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_09515_sterile_neutrino_dark_sector_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with dark-sector freeze-out", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09515", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver performs dark-sector freeze-out with full Fermi-Dirac/Bose-Einstein distributions and an effective chemical potential at arbitrary dark-to-visible temperature ratio xi, which is required for the relativistic-freeze-out regime and for the thermalization check of the N/s bath; existing codes assume Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics and/or an SM bath.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a decoupled-sector relic solver (e.g. the micrOMEGAs hidden-sector mode or a DRAKE-style dedicated integrator) to evolve the integrated Boltzmann equation with FD/BE phase-space distributions and a tracked chemical potential, parameterized by (M, m_s, lambda, xi), and validate against the paper's nonrelativistic limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_02681_dynamical_scotogenic_fermionic_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter in the dynamical scotogenic model", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.02681", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (CalcHEP/FeynRules files) of the dynamical scotogenic model including the majoron final states N1 N1 -> JJ and Jh/JH, so the relic-density scan that distinguishes this model from the vanilla scotogenic case cannot be reproduced in micrOMEGAs as released.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and release a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file with the singlet fermions, inert doublet, B-L singlet, majoron, and scalar mixing, run micrOMEGAs freeze-out, and validate by recovering the vanilla scotogenic overabundance when the majoron channels are switched off.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_03721_dirac_scotogenic_singlet_doublet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dirac-scotogenic singlet-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.03721", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists: the LanHEP/micrOMEGAs model files used for the relic-density and direct-detection scans are not released, so the freeze-out with coannihilation and the tree-plus-loop sigma_SI cannot be reproduced or extended without rebuilding the model from the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Z2-odd singlet-doublet fermion plus scalar model in FeynRules/LanHEP, export to micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) for relic density with coannihilation and tree-level sigma_SI, and add the paper's one-loop scattering contributions as a custom cross-section module; validate against the paper's published relic and sigma_SI contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_complex_scalar_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex scalar singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for this complex scalar singlet t-channel portal: the paper used micrOMEGAs privately, and no FeynRules/CalcHEP model files or code for the one-loop direct-detection Wilson-coefficient matching are released, so the route cannot be rerun independently.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and release FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for the complex scalar plus fermionic mediator (enabling micrOMEGAs/MadDM relic and coannihilation runs) together with a small module implementing the paper's one-loop Wilson-coefficient matching, validated against the paper's unit-coupling rate curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_dirac_fermion_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dirac fermion singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the one-loop EFT matching of the Dirac fermion singlet t-channel portal (Yukawa-like lambda_L/R^f couplings to a single SM fermion via a colored scalar mediator) onto nuclear-scattering Wilson coefficients and a direct-detection event rate; computational_representation is null and the paper's pipeline is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's one-loop matching formulas (arXiv:2405.09326, building on arXiv:1606.07001) as a FeynRules/model package feeding the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module or DDCalc, and validate against the paper's unit-coupling rate curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_majorana_fermion_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana fermion singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the one-loop EFT matching of the Majorana fermion singlet t-channel portal (Yukawa-like lambda_L/R^f couplings to a single SM fermion via a colored scalar mediator) onto nuclear-scattering Wilson coefficients and a direct-detection event rate; computational_representation is null and the paper's pipeline is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's one-loop matching formulas (arXiv:2405.09326, building on arXiv:1606.07001) as a FeynRules/model package feeding the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module or DDCalc, keeping the Majorana-specific operator structure (no vector current), and validate against the paper's unit-coupling rate curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_02033_z4_loop_suppression_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z4 sequential loop-suppression inert scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.02033", "score": 25.3, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/SARAH source generating CalcHEP and UFO files) exists for the Z4 sequential loop-suppression model, so micrOMEGAs/MadDM relic calculations and MadGraph collider simulations cannot be run for its specific inert-scalar and vector-like-fermion spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement one of the paper's three model realizations in FeynRules or SARAH, export CalcHEP files for micrOMEGAs and a UFO for MadGraph, and validate against the generic Higgs-portal inert-scalar relic curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1002_1306_preheating_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Preheating dark matter", "family": "decaying_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1002.1306", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation of the Pauli-blocked decaying-scalar model exists: the original CMBFAST patch was never released, and neither CLASS nor CAMB includes a decaying dark-matter module with the model's epoch-dependent, phase-space-capped decay rate Q(a) and effective equation of state w_eff(a) sourcing a growing neutrino Fermi sphere.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's background and perturbation equations as a CLASS module, extending the existing CLASS decaying-CDM (dcdm/dr) sector to take a time-dependent decay rate Q(a) from the fermionic-preheating solution and to deposit the decay products into a degenerate (Fermi-sphere) neutrino distribution instead of massless dark radiation; validate against the paper's benchmark spectra and the LambdaCDM limit as lambda -> 0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1102_0492_supersymmetric_leptophilic_higgs_singlino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric leptophilic Higgs singlino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1102.0492", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical model implementation (e.g. FeynRules/CalcHEP model files usable by micrOMEGAs or MadDM) exists for the four-Higgs-doublet plus singlet leptophilic supersymmetric model, so relic density and annihilation spectra can only be computed with the paper's simplified analytic formulas that neglect coannihilation, resonance effects, and precise g_* evolution near the QCD transition.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model superpotential and soft terms in FeynRules/SARAH, export to micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) to obtain full numerical freeze-out with coannihilation and resonance effects and tabulated gamma-ray spectra per final state.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_6256_goldstone_remnant_z2_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Remnant-Z2 Majorana dark matter with Goldstone dark radiation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6256", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs implementation of the remnant-Z2 Majorana model (chi_minus/chi_plus, rho, Goldstone eta with coannihilation and Goldstone final states) used in the paper is not publicly released, so the thermal relic abundance cannot be recomputed across the scanned parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model Lagrangian (SM plus complex scalar and Dirac fermion with U(1)_DM breaking) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's relic-density contours in the (M_minus, m_rho, f, z) scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_02740_extended_ma_inert_scalar_preheating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended Ma model with inert scalar dark matter and preheating symmetry restoration", "family": "scotogenic_inert_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02740", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (spectrum calculator plus relic-density solver input files) exists for the extended Ma model with singlet scalars, so the eta_R coannihilation relic abundance and its lambda_3, lambda_4, lambda_5 dependence cannot be computed numerically without recoding or digitizing the paper's example curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the extended Ma Lagrangian (inert doublet eta, singlet fermions N_i, singlet scalars) and run it through micrOMEGAs to compute Omega_eta h^2 with full inert-doublet coannihilation, validating against the paper's m_eta = 1.75 TeV example curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_00016_fermionic_invisible_zprime_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter freeze-in through a heavy invisible Z prime", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.00016", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in Boltzmann solver implements the axially coupled fermionic GCS-mediated production rate R(T) ~ T^10 through a noninstantaneous reheating history (T_max/T_RH dependence and boost factor B_F); existing freeze-in tools assume instantaneous reheating, so the relic abundance and its reheating boost cannot be evaluated across the parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the fermionic GCS matrix elements with axial Z-prime coupling (including exact rates valid near the Z-prime and heavy-fermion thresholds, beyond the T^10 approximation) and couple them to a Boltzmann integrator that evolves the inflaton-radiation-DM system through reheating with (T_RH, T_max) as inputs — either as an extension of micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or as a standalone ODE code validated against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11332_su2d_two_component_chiral_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D chiral fermion plus T-prime boson dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11332", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public two-component micrOMEGAs implementation of the SU(2)_D chiral model exists: the coupled Boltzmann evolution of the fermion psi and the lightest T-prime nonsinglet boson (including psi-pair-to-triplet conversion channels) was done privately, so component relic fractions — which also feed the direct-detection rescaling — cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full SU(2)_D model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and use micrOMEGAs' two-dark-sector-particle mode to solve the coupled abundance equations, validating against the paper's fermion-dominated versus triplet-dominated regime statements and releasing benchmark scan tables with component fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_02921_cgut_inert_dark_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Conformal GUT hidden-sector inert dark fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.02921", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the coupled inflaton - dark fermion - dark scalar - SM radiation Boltzmann network with Higgs-portal reheating that this model requires; the card lists the ODE solver and temperature-dependent g_* table as required but unprovided resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's four-fluid Boltzmann equations as a standalone ODE package (Python/scipy or a micrOMEGAs auxiliary module) with a standard g_*(T) table, validated against the paper benchmarks Omega_DM h^2 = 0.1200 and T_RH_SM > 4 MeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_04304_u1_emu_dirac_leptophilic_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_{e-mu} Dirac leptophilic dark matter with two-loop neutrino masses", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.04304", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The micrOMEGAs implementation of the U(1)_{e-mu} model (Zprime and inert-scalar mediators, Z_3-stabilized Dirac fermion X_1) is private; without public model files neither the relic density nor <sigma v>(v) near the Breit-Wigner pole can be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the model in FeynRules/LanHEP, export CalcHEP model files to micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's relic scan (0.11 < Omega h^2 < 0.13 near m_X = m_Zprime/2) and the 390 GeV, B = 40.1 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_02343_dlrm_right_fermion_quintuplet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Doublet left-right model with right-handed fermion quintuplet dark matter", "family": "left_right_symmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.02343", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SARAH model files and micrOMEGAs implementation of the DLRM with a right-handed real fermion quintuplet are not publicly released, so the thermal relic scan with W_R/Z_R resonances and coannihilation cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the DLRM + SU(2)_R quintuplet in SARAH (gauge sector, quintuplet gauge interactions, radiative mass splitting), export a CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model, validate against the paper's relic resonances near M_WR and M_ZR, and release the model files and scan grids.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_11863_su2x_nonabelian_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_X non-Abelian vector dark matter for muon g-2", "family": "nonabelian_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.11863", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP model files for the SU(2)_X non-Abelian vector dark matter model (gauge sector, anomaly-canceling fermions E, Eprime, N, Nprime, and Higgs-phi_X mixing) are not publicly released, so the micrOMEGAs relic-density and co-annihilation calculation cannot be reproduced; a low-velocity expansion substitute would miss the threshold-sensitive X Xdagger -> Zprime Zprime channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the SU(2)_X Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files to micrOMEGAs 5.x, and validate by recovering the published M_X = 0.5-2 TeV, g_X = 0.2-0.8 relic/g-2 band and the XENON1T small-mixing constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_05487_rpv_axiogenesis_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "RPV axiogenesis axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.05487", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver evolves the coupled system of QCD axion rotation, saxion/PQ radial-mode thermalization, strong-sphaleron chiral-asymmetry transfer, and RPV B-L violation needed to compute the baryon asymmetry and the kinetic-misalignment axion relic abundance for given (f_a, dot(theta), RPV couplings, sfermion masses).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's chemical-potential network and rotation equations of motion as a dedicated Boltzmann/transport code (structure analogous to leptogenesis codes such as ULYSSES), including saxion thermalization criteria and washout of the kinetic-misalignment contribution, validated against the paper's benchmark viable regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_08863_fermionic_inelastic_crdm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic inelastic cosmic-ray-accelerated dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.08863", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward model computes the cosmic-ray-accelerated inelastic flux for a two-state fermionic dark sector: upscattering p/He + chi_1 -> chi_2 with sub-GeV splitting Delta, the boosted chi_1 spectrum from chi_2 -> chi_1 + V decay, and attenuation to underground xenon detectors for the vector, axial-vector, and dipole benchmark operators.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the DarkSUSY cosmic-ray-boosted DM module to inelastic two-state kinematics: add the chi_2 production cross sections for the C_v, C_a, Lambda_E, Lambda_M operators with light-mediator form factors, the chi_2 decay boost spectrum, and inelastic Earth attenuation, keyed to the D_eff flux parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_14052_spin2_mediator_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electron-specific spin-2 mediator with hidden scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.14052", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements spin-2 mediator production in electron fixed-target showers (bremsstrahlung-like emission plus resonant secondary-positron annihilation) folded with positron track-length distributions to produce a missing-energy signal yield.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing fixed-target dark-sector signal package (e.g. the DMG4 GEANT4 module used by NA64) with the paper's spin-2 production cross sections, or implement the analytic cross sections numerically and convolve with published target-material positron track-length tables.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_01687_dark_linear_seesaw_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark linear seesaw scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.01687", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public SARAH/SPheno/micrOMEGAs model implementation of the dark linear seesaw is available, so the relic-density, direct-detection, and cLFV scan cannot be reproduced or extended without re-deriving the mass matrices, vertices, and tadpole equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model (Z2-odd scalar doublet plus singlet, vector-like fermion, sterile singlets, soft cubic term) in SARAH, generate SPheno and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs outputs, validate against the paper's 45 GeV-2 TeV relic window and MEG cut, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_14399_dark_fopt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark first-order phase transition primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.14399", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code maps the dark-sector FOPT Lagrangian parameters (scalar potential, Yukawa g_chi, asymmetry eta_chi) through Fermi-ball formation, cooling, and collapse to the final PBH mass function and abundance (M_PBH, n_PBH, f_PBH); this production stage exists only as the paper's semi-analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a public pipeline that couples CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent finite-temperature bounce solver) for the transition parameters (T_star, alpha, beta) to a coded Fermi-ball module implementing false-vacuum trapping statistics, Fermi-ball charge/mass distribution, Yukawa-energy cooling, and the collapse criterion, outputting M_PBH and f_PBH as functions of the model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_09640_clockwork_scalar_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Minimal clockwork neutrinogenesis scalar dark-sector subcomponent", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.09640", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for the momentum distribution and hot fraction f_hot of the secluded sub-MeV clockwork scalar/fermion sector with its feebly coupled clockwork portal, which is the required input to any transfer-function calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-sector temperature ratio and freeze-out phase-space distribution from the clockwork portal rate and 3-to-2 self-interactions, implement it as a kinetic Boltzmann solver, and feed the resulting f(q) and f_hot into the CLASS ncdm module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_01962_dark_z_fermionic_dm_extra_higgs_doublet_v1", "model_name": "Dark-Z-mediated fermionic dark matter with an extra Higgs doublet", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.01962", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model file exists for the hidden U(1)_X Dirac fermion with a light dark Z and an extra Higgs doublet (type-I-like Yukawa structure, kinetic mixing neglected), so the micrOMEGAs relic-abundance and nuclear-recoil calculation used by the paper cannot be reproduced or scanned by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the Lagrangian in FeynRules, export the CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's relic contours near the 2m_X ~ m_Zprime resonance and the quoted annihilation channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0411283_decaying_dm_to_lorentz_violating_fermions_v1", "model_name": "Decaying dark matter to Lorentz-violating fermions", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0411283", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/background code (CLASS, CAMB, or a decaying-DM branch) implements a CDM progenitor decaying into fermions with a Lorentz-violating dispersion, so f(k,z), the background w(z), and perturbations cannot be computed numerically for likelihood comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS (building on its existing decaying-CDM and non-cold-relic ncdm machinery) with a custom dispersion relation omega(k;b,m) and a decay source term in the daughter distribution function, parameterized by (tau, b, m_phi, m), then attach standard CMB/BAO/SN and growth likelihoods via Cobaya or MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_fermion_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements moduli-portal freeze-in of a fermionic FIMP through non-instantaneous reheating; the coupled inflaton-radiation-FIMP system with (T_R, T_max), chirality-flip-dependent rates, and axial-modulus pole enhancement exists only as the authors' custom code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the real- and axial-modulus fermion rate densities in a public freeze-in solver extended with an inflaton-dominated reheating phase parameterized by (T_R, T_max) — e.g. extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or release a standalone Boltzmann-fluid code — and validate by recovering the radiation-era-only yield and the published relic-density contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with Higgs scalar portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented calculator produces gamma-ray and antiproton spectra for the two-step cascade chi chi -> phi phi followed by scalar decay through the Higgs portal, whose Yukawa-weighted, mass-dependent branching fractions (b bbar, tau tau, cc, gluons) require convolving HDecay branching ratios with boosted decay spectra not covered by standard direct-annihilation tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Chain HDecay branching fractions for the mixed scalar into Pythia or PPPC4DMID rest-frame spectra per final state, apply the boost convolution for the two-step cascade, and package it as a MadDM-style module keyed to (m_chi, m_phi, mixing angle).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1008_2399_hylogenesis_antibaryonic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hylogenesis antibaryonic dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.2399", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No event generator or detector recast exists for induced nucleon decay (p Y -> Phi* K+ and variants): the meson spectrum differs from standard nucleon-decay searches, and no efficiency map or likelihood from water-Cherenkov nucleon-decay analyses has been applied to these kinematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a simple IND event generator producing the meson momentum spectrum from DM-nucleon scattering kinematics, then recast Super-Kamiokande p -> K+ nu (and analogous pion-channel) selections with published efficiency and background information to produce limits on sigma_IND versus the portal scale M.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_2839_anomalous_u1_supersymmetric_radiative_seesaw_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) supersymmetric radiative seesaw dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2839", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation exists for the two-component sector: freeze-out of the singlet fermion N_1 with N_2 coannihilation through inert-doublet scalars and sleptons, coupled to a neutralino freeze-out, with the constraint Omega_chi h^2 + Omega_N1 h^2 fixed to the observed abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the model (inert doublets, singlet superfields, anomalous-U(1) charge assignments) in FeynRules/SARAH and export to micrOMEGAs or MadDM, which already handle coannihilation networks; validate against the paper's benchmark effective cross sections for N_1/N_2 coannihilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_scalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with scalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the Dirac-fermion plus Higgs-mixed scalar mediator exists; the paper used MicrOMEGAs 4.3 privately and no repository is identified, blocking rerun of relic-density and annihilation-channel steps.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the renormalizable Lagrangian (g_d s chi-bar chi plus s^2 H-dagger H with mixing angle theta) in FeynRules and export a CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model file, validating Omega h^2 = 0.11 contours and sigma_SI against the paper's scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_07001_dirac_neutrino_portal_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal dark matter through the Dirac neutrino portal", "family": "neutrino_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.07001", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the Dirac neutrino-portal Lagrangian (Dirac fermion chi, complex scalar phi, pseudo-Dirac sterile mediator with y_L, y_R, U_alpha4) exists in a relic-density solver, so the thermal target must be recomputed by hand for each parameter point.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/LanHEP model file for the chi-phi-N Lagrangian and generate CalcHEP/UFO output for micrOMEGAs or MadDM to compute freeze-out to light neutrinos, validating against the paper's Y versus m_chi thermal-target curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_07906_tiny_split_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Tiny-split mirror baryon dark matter with neutron--mirror-neutron oscillation", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07906", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes neutron-star heating from in-medium n-to-mirror-neutron conversion: the calculation requires the conversion rate in degenerate nuclear matter, Fermi-sea refilling energetics, and a coupled thermal-evolution model, none of which is packaged for this model's (epsilon, Delta m) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the in-medium conversion and heating-rate formalism of the related analysis (arXiv:2105.09951) as a module over a standard neutron-star cooling code (e.g. NSCool), with the equation of state as a nuisance input, and compare the predicted late-time temperature to cold pulsars such as PSR J2144-3933 to derive epsilon bounds as a function of Delta m.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_10311_anomaly_free_alp_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free ALP inflaton dark matter for the XENON1T excess", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.10311", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann/thermal-history code computes the thermally produced ALP yield, its momentum distribution, and the required late entropy dilution for the anomaly-free ALP-inflaton scenario, so Omega_phi h^2 and the ALP fraction entering every other observable cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ALP-fermion scattering production rates, the inflaton condensate reheating/diffusion evolution, and a parameterized entropy-injection episode in a momentum-resolved Boltzmann solver (e.g. extending the machinery used for keV sterile-neutrino codes such as sterile-dm/LASAGNA-style solvers), outputting Omega_phi h^2 and f(p).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_06392_so10_fermion_triplet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10)-embedded fermion triplet dark matter", "family": "fermion_triplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.06392", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Sommerfeld-enhancement module for the SU(2)_L fermion triplet (wino-like potential with 166 MeV charged-neutral splitting) is attached to the relic and indirect-detection pipeline; the micrOMEGAs/LanHEP scan is purely perturbative, yet the card states the Fermi-LAT exclusion and the 2.34-2.4 TeV mass window both depend on Sommerfeld effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Hisano-type electroweak Sommerfeld calculation (multi-state Schrodinger solver for the chi0/chi+- system) as a module feeding corrected <sigma v> into the micrOMEGAs freeze-out and into the gamma-ray annihilation rate, validating against published wino/triplet results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11556_dark_loops_model_3_scalar_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark Loops Model 3 scalar-doublet dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.11556", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Model 3 implementation files (FeynRules/CalcHEP model for the two Z2-odd scalar doublets plus vectorlike singlet fermion) used with micrOMEGAs are not public, so the relic-density and sigma_SI scan and the 42-76 GeV allowed window cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the Model 3 Lagrangian (Yukawa terms y_Q, y_L and the scalar potential quartics) in FeynRules, export a CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model file, validate against the paper's reported 42-76 GeV mass window and portal-coupling scan, and release the files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11556_dark_loops_model_5_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark Loops Model 5 scalar-singlet dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.11556", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public FeynRules/CalcHEP model implementation of Model 5 (Z2-odd scalar SU(2)L singlets plus vectorlike fermion doublet) exists for micrOMEGAs, so the relic abundance with annihilation and coannihilation, and the sigma_SI input to direct-detection recasts, cannot be recomputed outside the original private setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model file for the Model 5 field content and Z2 charges, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate by reproducing the paper's 30-350 GeV allowed scalar-mass window and the fermion-doublet Z-mediated exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_10084_dark_fopt_fermi_ball_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-FOPT Fermi-ball-collapse primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2304.10084", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented integrator applies the compiled monochromatic microlensing/evaporation/CMB/BBN PBH bounds to the extended Fermi-ball-collapse mass function; only monochromatic limits are directly usable.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard extended-mass-function recasting integral (Carr et al. method) over a public PBH bounds compilation such as PBHbounds, parameterized by the FOPT bubble-radius-derived mass function, and validate on monochromatic limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06039_linear_nonminimal_inflaton_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter from linear non-minimally coupled inflaton decay", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06039", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP/CalcHEP model files and the beta-scan scripts behind the allowed beta-m_DM region are not public, so the paper's numerical allowed intervals for the fermion case (m_DM ~ 2.7e7 GeV x beta^(1/12)) can only be reproduced by re-deriving the scaling relations by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the linear non-minimal coupling vertices in LanHEP/FeynRules, regenerate the spin-dependent decay widths in CalcHEP, and script the beta scan (inflation observables, heating temperature, yield, relic target) as a small public notebook validated against the paper's quoted mass-beta scalings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1997_high_scale_messenger_darkogenesis_v1", "model_name": "High-scale darkogenesis with leptodark messenger sphaleron transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1997", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative calculation of the dark-number asymmetry produced at the first-order SU(2)_D phase transition exists; the CP-violating interaction of dark fermions with bubble walls is treated only as a set of analytic model requirements, with no transport-equation solver for a hidden-sector sphaleron baryogenesis.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt electroweak-baryogenesis machinery to the dark sector: compute the finite-temperature dark Higgs potential and wall profile with CosmoTransitions, then solve the CP-violating transport equations for the SU(2)_D-charged fermions to obtain the dark asymmetry as a function of dark-sector couplings and wall velocity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1205_0551_kevin_gevin_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "keVin-GeVin warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0551", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical Boltzmann solver covers the intermediate GeVin freeze-out regime between the relativistic and nonrelativistic analytic limits, leaving the GeVin abundance (and hence the entropy dilution S_req that sets the keVin relic density) approximate exactly where the M_2 of a few GeV benchmarks sit.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the freeze-out Boltzmann equation with full relativistic Fermi-Dirac statistics and the suppressed Z-mediated cross sections (e.g. via micrOMEGAs with the epsilon-suppressed Z couplings implemented, or a small standalone solver), mapping S_req over the (M_2, epsilon_2, eta) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1408_4929_pseudoscalar_yukawa_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with pseudo-scalar Yukawa interaction", "family": "singlet_fermion_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.4929", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable public LanHEP/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files exist for the singlet Dirac fermion plus mixed pseudoscalar model, so the paper's relic-density, Higgs-width, and spectrum pipeline cannot be rerun without reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Lagrangian (with the paper's CP/mixing conventions) in LanHEP or FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's g = 0.02, 0.08, 0.48 relic-density benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_02722_smallest_non_abelian_chiral_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Smallest non-Abelian chiral dark-sector dark-proton dark matter", "family": "chiral_nonabelian_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1706.02722", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No tool computes the annihilation photon/neutrino spectra for this model's cascade (dark protons to dark pions and dark leptons, then portal decays to SM states) at 10-100 TeV including Sommerfeld enhancement and the pseudoscalar-channel bound-state formation the paper leaves for future work, so observatory limits cannot be recast onto the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a cascade-spectrum module that convolves the dark-hadron annihilation channels and dark-lepton branching ratios with HDMSpectra electroweak-corrected SM spectra, add Sommerfeld and bound-state factors for the dark-pion-exchange potential, and compare to Fermi-LAT/HESS/HAWC/IceCube high-mass limit likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2102_07216_gauged_bl_dirac_scotogenic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L Dirac scotogenic fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.07216", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public SARAH/SPheno/micrOMEGAs model implementation of the gauged B-L Dirac scotogenic model (S_1 Dirac fermion, Z_BL, dark scalars eta, Diracon sector) is identified, so the paper's relic-density and sigma_SI pipeline cannot be rerun as-is.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the model Lagrangian (symmetry assignments, scalar potential, Yukawas, Stueckelberg Z_BL mass) in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate by reproducing the paper's Planck-compatible relic contours in the (m_S1, m_BL) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_01486_type_ib_rhn_portal_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type Ib seesaw right-handed-neutrino portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.01486", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation exists for the type-Ib seesaw plus Z2-odd dark scalar/Dirac fermion sector in a freeze-in-capable Boltzmann code, so the relic density from feeble RHN-portal production (y about 1e-5 or below, both the y-only and y-plus-seesaw-Yukawa regimes) cannot be computed numerically or scanned over dark masses.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the type-Ib seesaw with the dark scalar/fermion and portal coupling y in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP, and use the micrOMEGAs freeze-in routines to compute Omega h^2 over (y, dark masses, M, U^2), validating against the paper's claim that freeze-in covers the allowed resonant-leptogenesis region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_06716_dark_sector_vacuum_scalarization_solitos_v1", "model_name": "Dark-sector vacuum-scalarized non-topological soliton stars", "family": "compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.06716", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical solver exists for the coupled Einstein-scalar-fermion equilibrium problem of vacuum-scalarized false-vacuum pockets, so mass-radius curves, M_max, compactness, and tidal Love numbers cannot be computed outside the paper's own benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a shooting-method solver for the paper's action (Thomas-Fermi fermion fluid plus real scalar in GR), extending existing fermion-soliton/boson-star structure codes, and add the metric-perturbation equations needed for k2 tidal response.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_leptophobic_u1b_fermion_x_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophobic U(1)_B fermionic X superpartner cold dark matter", "family": "leptophobic_u1_b_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density model implementation exists for the supersymmetric leptophobic U(1)_B sector with a fermionic X superpartner candidate; the card gives only a partial Lagrangian and the boltzmann_solver step names a generic micrOMEGAs-style solver without model files, so resonant annihilation near m_X ~ M_ZB/2 cannot be computed precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the full Lagrangian (Z_B couplings, X-sector masses, widths) from the primary and referenced papers, encode it as a CalcHEP/FeynRules model, and run micrOMEGAs to compute Omega_X h^2 including the Z_B resonance and threshold effects across (m_X, M_ZB, g_B).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5717_type_i_seesaw_minimal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-I seesaw plus fermionic quintuplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5717", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the coupled RG evolution of the SM plus Type-I seesaw plus fermionic SU(2)_L quintuplet system with the seesaw and 9.6 TeV MDM thresholds, so the vacuum-stability contours must be re-derived from the paper's beta functions by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate two-loop RGEs for the SM+Type-I-seesaw+quintuplet field content with PyR@TE or SARAH, add threshold matching at M_R and M_MDM, and release a small ODE-integration script validated against the paper's stability contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5717_type_iii_seesaw_minimal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-III seesaw plus fermionic quintuplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5717", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the coupled RG evolution of the SM plus Type-III seesaw triplets plus fermionic SU(2)_L quintuplet, including the strong g_2 running that can blow up near 10^15 GeV, so the stability/perturbativity contours must be re-derived from the paper's beta functions by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate two-loop RGEs for the SM+Type-III-seesaw+quintuplet field content with PyR@TE or SARAH, add threshold matching at M_Sigma and M_MDM, and release an integration script that reproduces the paper's stability contours and the g_2 Landau-pole check for triplets below 10^8 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_08750_nonabelian_goldstone_absorption_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian Goldstone absorption dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08750", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No absorption-rate pipeline connects this model's non-Abelian Goldstone coupling (via exp(i T pi/Lambda) fermion mass-matrix insertions) to semiconductor and superconductor response functions; existing material-response codes are written for dark-photon or generic scalar/pseudoscalar absorption, not this flavor-generator-dependent coupling.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public material-response code such as DarkELF (or the QEdark energy-loss-function framework) with the Goldstone absorption matrix element for a specified flavor generator, reusing its existing semiconductor and superconductor loss functions to output event rates versus m_pi and Lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_00016_abelian_vector_invisible_zprime_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Abelian vector dark matter freeze-in through a heavy invisible Z prime", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.00016", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public freeze-in Boltzmann solver implements GCS-mediated SM gauge-boson annihilation rates with the steep R(T) ~ T^12 scaling through a noninstantaneous reheating history (T_max/T_RH dependence and boost factor B_F); existing freeze-in tools assume instantaneous reheating, so the relic abundance and its reheating boost cannot be evaluated across the parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the GCS matrix elements (including exact rates valid near the Z-prime and heavy-fermion thresholds, beyond the T^12 approximation) and couple them to a Boltzmann integrator that evolves the inflaton-radiation-DM system through reheating with (T_RH, T_max) as inputs — either as an extension of micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or as a standalone ODE code validated against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_07102_fermionic_secluded_mesonic_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic secluded light dark matter with meson-decay portals", "family": "light_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.07102", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No acceptance-level recast exists for fermionic X1/X2 pair production in rare K and B decays (missing-energy and displaced X2 -> X1 + pi0/photon topologies) at KOTO, NA62, and Belle II; constraints are applied only at the inclusive branching-ratio level.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the fermionic dark-current three-body decay kinematics and X2 lifetime-dependent displaced-vertex acceptance in a recast framework using published KOTO signal-region efficiencies, the NA62 pi0-invisible limit, and Belle II B -> K nu nu-bar selections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_14089_inelastic_dark_photon_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic dark-photon Dirac fermion thermal relic for the XENON1T excess", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.14089", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the exothermic chi_2 -> chi_1 electron-recoil spectrum dR/dE_e in xenon for a keV-split sub-GeV Dirac fermion with a light dark-photon mediator; existing DM-electron codes assume elastic scattering.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend QEdark or DarkART with inelastic (exothermic) kinematics — shift the energy-conservation delta by the splitting delta in the ionization rate integral — using the existing xenon atomic ionization form factors, and convolve with the published XENON1T detector efficiency and energy resolution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_16078_fermion_boosted_dark_matter_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Fermion boosted dark matter with annihilation production", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16078", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public rate calculator combines the fermion annihilation boosted-DM flux with DM-electron scattering and the XENON1T SR1 detector response (efficiency and energy resolution), so the 1-7 keV electron-recoil spectrum can only be estimated without detector effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public DM-electron scattering rate code such as wimprates or DarkELF with a boosted-DM monochromatic-velocity flux module and fold in the published XENON1T SR1 efficiency and resolution curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_05579_2hdm_portal_forbidden_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light 2HDM-portal forbidden singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.05579", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the leptophilic 2HDM plus singlet-scalar plus singlet-fermion setup exists for relic-density codes; the forbidden freeze-out with velocity-suppressed scalar-mediated annihilation near lepton thresholds requires exact thermally averaged cross sections across the threshold, which the card's route leaves with null tool_or_code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs with exact relativistic thermal averaging over the forbidden threshold, validating against the paper's viable m_chi band just below the charged-lepton masses for both Dirac and Majorana variants.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_08406_2hda_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "2HD+a singlet-fermion dark matter", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08406", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No consistent public implementation of the loop-induced spin-independent nucleon scattering cross section for the pseudoscalar-mediated singlet fermion in the 2HD+a model, which is the quantity the XENON1T comparison actually constrains since tree-level SI scattering vanishes.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the known one-loop pseudoscalar-mediator SI amplitude (following the published 2HD+a loop calculations) as a model extension in micrOMEGAs or DirectDM/DarkSUSY so that sigma_SI can be evaluated across the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_00505_se6ssm_gravitino_neutral_exotic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SE6SSM gravitino and lightest neutral exotic fermion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.00505", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum generator or relic/direct-detection code implements the modified SE6SSM with conserved matter parity and Z2H symmetry: masses, mixings, effective Higgs/Z couplings, the neutral-exotic-fermion freeze-out abundance, and sigma_SI/sigma_SD are currently obtained only from approximate analytic formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SE6SSM variant in SARAH to auto-generate a SPheno/FlexibleSUSY spectrum calculator plus CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, giving a full Boltzmann relic-density calculation for the neutral exotic fermion and tree-level direct-detection cross sections, validated against the paper's Omega_H h^2 ~ 0.1 (mu_11/1 TeV)^2 scaling and Fig. 1 sigma_SI examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_13238_multicomponent_asymmetric_cogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-component asymmetric cogenesis dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13238", "score": 23, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation (FeynRules/UFO or CalcHEP files) exists for this Lagrangian, so the annihilation spectra and indirect-detection rates of the residual symmetric S component cannot be evaluated with standard pipelines; the paper evaluates no gamma-ray or cosmic-ray likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark-sector Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/UFO model files, and use micrOMEGAs or MadDM to compute annihilation spectra of the symmetric S component (including cascades through Z_D), then compare against Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15760_z3_scotogenic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scotogenic neutrinophilic Dirac-fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrinophilic_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15760", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP files) of the Z3 scotogenic two-inert-doublet plus Dirac-fermion Lagrangian exists, so relic-density scans with coannihilation and automated flavor observables cannot be run with micrOMEGAs/MadDM and rely on the paper's semi-analytic freeze-out.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model (Y1, Y2 Yukawas, inert-doublet scalar potential with the H eta1 H eta2 term) in FeynRules/SARAH, export UFO and CalcHEP files, and validate micrOMEGAs relic output including S1 coannihilation against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 MeV-to-sub-GeV viable band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_15906_gravitationally_produced_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitationally produced sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.15906", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical solver computes gravitational particle production of spin-1/2 singlet fermions (Bogoliubov mode-function integration) including the Planck-suppressed inflaton-fermion operator during inflaton oscillations, for general inflaton potentials, Wilson coefficient C, and reheating/dilution histories; only paper-level analytic estimates exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Package a curved-space Dirac mode-function integrator (in the spirit of existing gravitational-production codes for scalars) that adds the dimension-5 C phi psi-bar psi / M_Pl term to the effective mass, scans (M, C, H_e, T_R, eta_NR), and outputs the nonthermal yield and momentum distribution, validated against the paper's M ~ 2e8 GeV radiation-dominated benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05249_z4_fermion_fimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z4 fermion FIMP dark matter with singlet scalar mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05249", "score": 22.7, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's LanHEP/micrOMEGAs model implementation of the Z4 fermion-plus-scalar model and its scan scripts were not publicly released, so reproducing the relic contours requires re-implementing the model from the written Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the Z4 model in LanHEP (or FeynRules/CalcHEP), export to micrOMEGAs, validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours for the three mass hierarchies, and publish the model files and scan scripts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_12423_quintessential_inflation_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hierarchical right-handed Majorana neutrino dark matter in quintessential inflation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12423", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical gravitational-particle-production code exists for the hierarchical right-handed neutrinos: the relic abundance rests on a benchmark analytic estimate for a one-Hubble-time inflation-to-kination transition, with no solver for fermionic Bogoliubov coefficients over general transition timescales, H_inf values, and non-minimal curvature couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a background solver for the quintessential-inflation/kination history coupled to a fermionic mode-function (Bogoliubov) integrator parameterized by (M_i, H_inf, transition duration, curvature coupling), validated against the paper's M_3 ~ 1e13 GeV, M_2 ~ 1e11 GeV, M_1 ~ 10 keV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_00890_radiative_seesaw_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Radiative charged-lepton seesaw scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_seesaw_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.00890", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP/UFO file) of the Z2-odd scalar plus vector-like-fermion sector exists, so the relic abundance, direct-detection cross section, and leptophilic annihilation spectra cannot be scanned beyond the two quoted benchmarks that are imported from an earlier paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian (f_L, f_R Yukawas, lambda_DM Higgs portal, charged-scalar mixing) in FeynRules, export to micrOMEGAs for the relic and SI cross-section scan, and feed the resulting muon/electron annihilation spectra into the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods for the indirect-detection check.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_03826_freeze_in_lepton_flavored_dm_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-in lepton-flavored dark matter with right-handed lepton mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03826", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No validated, reusable implementation of the coupled mediator-freeze-out plus DM-freeze-in relic calculation is confirmed: the LFDM_at_MuC repository's contents, inputs, and validation status are unknown on the card, and no model files for standard relic codes are identified.", "proposed_resolution": "Audit and document the LFDM_at_MuC repository against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 contours and tau_med boundary, or implement the model (charged scalar mediator plus neutral fermion with lepton-portal Yukawa) in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module to reproduce the reported upper DM mass near 3.6 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07992_moduli_portal_uv_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Moduli-portal UV freeze-in dark matter in nonstandard cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07992", "score": 22.2, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code solves the coupled decaying-fluid plus radiation reheating system for general pre-BBN equation of state w together with moduli-mediated freeze-in production for scalar, vector, and fermion dark matter, including the split between light and integrated-out modulus regimes (con_modulus_regime); existing freeze-in tools assume instantaneous reheating in radiation domination, so evaluation relies on the paper's regime-by-regime analytic formulae done by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small reusable reheating-era Boltzmann module (or extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in routine) that integrates the two-fluid energy-density equations for user-specified w, evaluates the modulus-mediated production rate with full modulus-mass dependence across the light/heavy regimes for each dark matter spin, and outputs Omega h^2 and the boost factor over (Lambda, modulus mass, T_RH, T_max/T_RH, w), validated against the paper's benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_08125_left_right_triplet_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component SU(2)_R triplet fermion dark matter in broken D-parity left-right symmetry", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.08125", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FeynRules/micrOMEGAs implementation of the two-generation SU(2)_R triplet model used for the resonant two-component relic calculation is private; without a public model file the narrow W_R/Z' resonance relic bands cannot be reproduced or rescanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the left-right triplet-fermion model in FeynRules (fields, W_R/Z' couplings, one-loop charged-neutral splitting) and export to micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's M_WR = 3.78-9.40 TeV relic bands and dominant co-annihilation channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_08430_pseudo_dirac_dark_higgs_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light-dark-Higgs pseudo-Dirac sub-GeV dark matter", "family": "sub_gev_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.08430", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density implementation covers the pseudo-Dirac U(1)_D dark-Higgs sector: freeze-out with chi_1 chi_2 coannihilation, off-shell dark-photon annihilation to e+e-, and S-containing final states was run through private BayesFITS/modified micrOMEGAs/non-SUSY SPheno tooling.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-Weyl-fermion pseudo-Dirac model with dark photon and dark Higgs in FeynRules/CalcHEP and rerun the freeze-out in micrOMEGAs tracking the chi_1-chi_2 splitting, validating against the paper's Planck-compatible (Omega h^2 = 0.1188) scan and the below-dimuon-threshold lifetime scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1902_01217_singlet_doublet_fermion_dm_scalar_triplet_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet fermion dark matter with scalar triplet", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1902.01217", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the singlet-doublet fermion plus hypercharge-2 scalar triplet Lagrangian: the LanHEP/CalcHEP files feeding micrOMEGAs and the MadGraph/PYTHIA event generation are private, so the relic density, Higgs-mediated sigma_SI, and collider signatures cannot be independently recomputed or scanned beyond the paper's benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the model (VLF singlet and doublet, Y=2 scalar triplet, Y H psi psi0, y_chi psi Delta psi, y_L L Delta L operators) in FeynRules or LanHEP, export UFO and CalcHEP formats, validate the micrOMEGAs relic density and pseudo-Dirac spectrum against the paper's Planck-compatible regions, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_00111_fermi_ball_collapse_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermi-ball collapse primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.00111", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation exists of the model's scalar+Dirac-fermion thermal effective potential, bubble nucleation history, and false-vacuum remnant number density near percolation; all upstream quantities (T_*, alpha, beta/H, remnant density) currently rest on simplified radiation-dominated estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the real-scalar plus Yukawa-coupled fermion model in CosmoTransitions (or PhaseTracer) to compute the finite-temperature potential, bounce action, and percolation temperature, and add a module computing the surviving false-vacuum remnant number density from the bubble nucleation history.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09409_generalized_hilltop_reheating_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal vector-like fermion dark matter from generalized Hilltop reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.09409", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver exists for reheating-era production of the vector-like fermion in the generalized Hilltop benchmark: the coupled inflaton-radiation-DM system with inflaton decay (y_chi), inflaton-mediated 2-to-2 scattering, and graviton-mediated 2-to-2 scattering was solved with private code, and existing freeze-in tools do not cover gravitational production during reheating.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled reheating Boltzmann equations (inflaton, radiation, and Y_chi from decay plus inflaton- and graviton-mediated scattering) as an open ODE code, or extend an existing public reheating/FIMP framework with the graviton-mediated production rate, and validate against the paper's y_chi and T_R versus m_chi allowed bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09409_nonminimal_coleman_weinberg_reheating_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal vector-like fermion dark matter from non-minimal Coleman-Weinberg reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.09409", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver exists for reheating-era production of the vector-like fermion in the non-minimal Coleman-Weinberg benchmark: the coupled inflaton-radiation-DM system with inflaton decay (y_chi), inflaton-mediated 2-to-2 scattering, and graviton-mediated 2-to-2 scattering was solved with private code, and existing freeze-in tools do not cover gravitational production during reheating.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled reheating Boltzmann equations (inflaton, radiation, and Y_chi from decay plus inflaton- and graviton-mediated scattering) as an open ODE code, or extend an existing public reheating/FIMP framework with the graviton-mediated production rate, and validate against the paper's y_chi and T_R versus m_chi allowed bands for the NM-CW benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_0470_mixed_collisionless_free_streaming_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mixed collisionless dark matter free-streaming model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.0470", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-code implementation computes the linear transfer function for this model's arbitrary multi-component mixture of decoupled distribution functions (Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, condensate, WIMP, resonant/non-resonant sterile neutrino) with fractional abundances nu_a; the card only provides the paper's semi-analytic lambda_fs formula.", "proposed_resolution": "Set up CLASS (or CAMB) with multiple ncdm species using tabulated psd files for each f_d,a(y) and fractional Omega_a = nu_a * Omega_dm, validate against the paper's lambda_fs scaling and the CDM-like WIMP-dominated limit, and wrap it as a reusable mixed-DM transfer-function module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1309_1231_nnmsm_singlet_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Next-to-new minimal Standard Model singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1309.1231", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public RGE code implements the NNMSM field content (singlet scalar plus SU(3)/SU(2) adjoint fermions, four vector-like doublets, and right-handed neutrino thresholds), so the stability/triviality and Planck-scale MPCP bands defining the allowed m_S-k regions cannot be reproduced without re-deriving the running.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the two-loop NNMSM beta functions with SARAH or PyR@TE, implement threshold matching at M_R and the new-fermion masses, and integrate to the Planck scale to reproduce the stability/triviality and multiple-point-criticality bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_09494_hidden_u1_scalar_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1) radiative inverse-seesaw scalar H2 dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.09494", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The hidden U(1)_H radiative inverse-seesaw model implementation used with micrOMEGAs-5.2.4 (Z2-odd scalar spectrum, H2 H2 -> Z' + SM fermion annihilation, and scan filters) is not publicly released, so the H2 relic-density band cannot be independently recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the model from the paper's Lagrangian in FeynRules or SARAH, export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, validate by reproducing the published allowed band in the (m_H2, m_Z', g'') plane, and release the model files in the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_01368_bouncing_multicomponent_fermion_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bouncing multicomponent singlet fermion-pNGB dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.01368", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the singlet-Dirac-fermion plus pNGB two-component model: the CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files the paper used to solve the coupled bouncing yields are not released, blocking the relic-density step and the model-specific cross sections and spectra downstream.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the low-energy Lagrangian (fermion-pNGB coupling, h_1/h_2 mixing, scalar potential) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and register it as a micrOMEGAs two-component model with semi-annihilation, validating against the paper's 500/700 GeV inverse-hierarchy benchmarks and the Omega_chi + Omega_eta = 0.12 target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_06613_radiative_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Radiative hybrid inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.06613", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public inflationary perturbation solver implements the loop-corrected attractor hybrid potential with its dark-fermion contribution and waterfall transition, so the small-scale curvature peak P_zeta(k) that sets both f_PBH and Omega_GW can only be estimated analytically rather than computed mode-by-mode.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the loop-corrected hybrid potential (inflaton plus waterfall field with dark-fermion Yukawa corrections) in a public multi-field Mukhanov-Sasaki solver (e.g. a MultiModeCode/PyTransport-class code) and compute P_zeta(k) through the waterfall, validated against the primary's n_s about 0.964, r about 0.0087, and peak benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_b_scalar_doublet_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation scalar doublet WIMP Case B", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 21.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator exists for W-mediated exoergic bound-state capture with nuclear transmutation in the MeV mass-gap regime: case B has no positron line, its rate depends on nuclear transmutation matrix elements, and the semiclassical approximation is valid only when many bound levels contribute.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a numerical capture-rate code solving for the charged-scalar bound levels in realistic nuclear Coulomb potentials and combining them with W-exchange transmutation matrix elements for the relevant Xe, C, and O targets, output as capture cross section times velocity over (Delta m, m_X, g_eff).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded singlet-fermion WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical relic-density implementation of the singlet-fermion WIMP with singlet-scalar mediator exists; freeze-out through chi chi -> phi phi is only estimated analytically, without early-kinetic-decoupling or hidden-sector temperature effects that matter at tiny Higgs mixing.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs (or extend an existing Higgs-portal singlet model file) including the secluded m_chi > m_phi regime, tracking the dark-sector temperature when lambda_1 is small enough that kinetic equilibrium with the SM fails.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded Dirac WIMP with U(1) prime vector mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical relic-density implementation of the Dirac WIMP with kinetically mixed U(1)-prime mediator exists for this card; the secluded freeze-out (including the near-resonance m_chi ~ m_V/2 exception and dark-sector thermal contact) is treated only with analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model with micrOMEGAs (dark-photon plus Dirac fermion model files exist as templates), scanning m_chi, m_V, e_prime, epsilon, and validating against the card's secluded-regime and resonance validation tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_2420_ussm_a_neutralino_gauged_axion_v1", "model_name": "USSM-A neutralino dark matter with gauged axion", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.2420", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generator or relic-code implementation of the USSM-A anomalous-U(1) model exists: the enlarged neutralino mass matrix with axino-gaugino-Higgsino mixing, the Stueckelberg-scale seesaw effect on the LSP mass, and the co-annihilation spectrum cannot currently be computed with released tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the USSM-A superpotential and anomalous-U(1) sector in SARAH, generate SPheno spectrum code and CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, and validate against the paper's benchmark behaviors (LSP lightening at large M_St, co-annihilation reduction of the relic density).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_3116_next_minimal_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Next minimal Dirac dark matter model", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.3116", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model implementation of the Z2-odd Dirac fermion plus real singlet scalar (two mixed Higgs eigenstates H_L, H_H) exists in a public relic/scattering code per the card, so the p-wave relic density, spin-independent cross section, and annihilation source terms cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic formulae.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian (S psi-bar psi Yukawa, S H^dagger H and S^2 H^dagger H portal terms, no singlet VEV) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's CoGeNT/WMAP overlap examples with g = 1.0-1.5 and m_HL in the 10-50 GeV range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5647_axion_mediated_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion-mediated singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "axion_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5647", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the axion-mediated Dirac-fermion Lagrangian (a chi gamma5 chi plus anomaly-induced aFF-dual electroweak operators) exists for a relic-density code, so the thermal relic abundance near the m_a ~ 2 m_chi resonance cannot be recomputed with a modern solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the effective Lagrangian in FeynRules with the dimension-5 anomaly operators, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and compute Omega_chi h^2 with proper treatment of the resonant mediator width, validating against the paper's WMAP-era benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1312_3578_short_lived_pgb_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken U(1) Majorana dark matter with short-lived PGB scenario", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.3578", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules implementation of the U(1)_DM chiral-fermion dark sector used for the micrOMEGAs 3.1 relic scan is not published (no repository URL, availability unknown), so the relic-density route cannot be run without rebuilding the model file.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Lagrangian (complex scalar Phi, chiral fermion chi, Higgs portal) in FeynRules/CalcHEP format from the published operators and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1199 selection with a current micrOMEGAs release.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03507_hidden_sector_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector self-interacting dark matter with light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03507", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver produces the equilibrium SIDM density profile with a baryonic potential (isothermal Jeans matching) for given sigma_T(v)/m_chi, which sets both the dwarf-core prediction and the inner-Galaxy profile normalizing the gamma-ray signal.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement an isothermal-Jeans SIDM halo solver with a baryonic disk/bulge potential, calibrated against published SIDM N-body simulations, taking (m_chi, m_phi, alpha_X) and an initial NFW halo as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1503_02669_boosted_two_component_pseudoscalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Boosted two-component pseudoscalar-mediated dark matter", "family": "boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.02669", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline computes the model-specific three-body cascade spectra (phi -> chi chi a with subsequent mediator decays) at PeV energies and propagates the resulting O(10 TeV) positrons and O(100 TeV) photons to compare against cosmic-ray and diffuse-gamma limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the phi decay final-state spectra with HDMSpectra (valid at PeV scales) given the mediator branching fractions, then propagate positrons and photons with GALPROP or DRAGON plus standard diffuse-absorption treatments, and compare against published cosmic-ray and diffuse gamma-ray limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1504_04371_dark_pair_plasma_vectorlike_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermally produced dark pair plasma of vectorlike fermions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.04371", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann solver handles a mixed dark sector with a subdominant charged fermion fraction tightly coupled to a massless dark photon bath plus a dominant collisionless CDM component, so the CMB high-l response and small-scale cutoff cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the CLASS idm_dr/ETHOS implementation to a two-component dark matter setup with fraction epsilon coupled to dark radiation via dark Compton/Coulomb scattering, and validate the T_kin > 640 eV decoupling condition against the paper's analytic estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1603_03333_u1x_dark_sector_scalar_phi0_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X dark-sector singlet-scalar phi0 dark matter", "family": "u1x_scalar_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.03333", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's micrOMEGAs 4 / CalcHEP 3.4 implementation of the U(1)_X dark sector (Z-prime, rho, phi0, vector-like fermions) is not publicly released, so the relic-density and cross-section scan cannot be reproduced or extended without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the full model Lagrangian in FeynRules and export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, validating against the paper's reported underabundance and sigma_SI ~ 1e-8 pb benchmarks, and release the model files publicly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_02977_vector_dm_top_partner_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter with fermionic top-partner co-annihilation model", "family": "coannihilating_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02977", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code implements the coupled Boltzmann system for vector dark matter coannihilating with a colored fermionic top partner, including QCD Sommerfeld enhancement and eta_T/psi_T color-singlet bound-state formation and dissociation, which the card requires for precision relic bands in the compressed regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the V-T-top simplified model in a public freeze-out framework (CalcHEP model files feeding micrOMEGAs, or a DRAKE-style coupled-Boltzmann solver) extended with radiative bound-state capture and thermal dissociation rates for a color-triplet fermion, validated against the 1703.02977 compressed Delta m relic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_pseudoscalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with pseudoscalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the Dirac-fermion plus Higgs-mixed pseudoscalar mediator exists; the paper used MicrOMEGAs 4.3 privately and no repository is identified, blocking rerun of relic-density and annihilation-channel steps.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the renormalizable Lagrangian (g_d s chi-bar gamma5 chi plus s^2 H-dagger H with mixing angle theta) in FeynRules and export a CalcHEP/MicrOMEGAs model file, validating Omega h^2 = 0.11 contours against the paper's scan ranges.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_00585_z2_scalar_neutrino_mass_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd scalar dark matter in the N=1 generalized one-loop neutrino-mass model", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.00585", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical implementation (FeynRules model file plus micrOMEGAs/MadDM) exists for the N=1 generalized one-loop neutrino-mass model, so the relic density is only available through the paper's d-wave analytic formula under the small-scalar-potential assumption; coannihilation with the charged/CP-odd doublet components and quartic-coupling contributions cannot be scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/UFO model file for the Z2-odd doublets plus vectorlike charged fermions and run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) to compute Omega h^2 including coannihilation and scalar-potential channels, validating against the paper's 0.11-0.13 scan window at M_X = 60-80 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05632_gauged_two_higgs_doublet_scalar_d_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged two-Higgs-doublet scalar D dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_gauge_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05632", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public G2HDM model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files with the full SU(2)_H x U(1)_X spectrum, W^(p,m) gauge bosons, and heavy fermions) is available for micrOMEGAs, so the relic density with coannihilation and the spin-independent cross section for the scalar D cannot be computed directly; only inert-doublet proxy limits exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full G2HDM Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and run micrOMEGAs for relic density (including coannihilation with Delta, H+, W^(p,m), f^H) and direct detection, validating against the inert-doublet limit where the extra states decouple.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_07289_parafermionic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Parafermionic dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_statistics_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07289", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-abundance solver implements the parafermi-statistics Boltzmann equation (finite maximum occupation order p, modified equilibrium distribution and blocking factors in the collision term); standard codes hard-wire Maxwell-Boltzmann or Fermi-Dirac/Bose-Einstein statistics.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a standalone freeze-out ODE solver (or patch the micrOMEGAs collision-term module) that takes the parafermi order p as a parameter, uses the paper's equilibrium distribution and blocking factors in the thermally averaged collision term with <sigma v> = a + 6b/x, and validate by recovering the p=1 fermion limit and the paper's p>=2 abundance-enhancement benchmarks at 100, 500, and 1000 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_13298_e6_two_component_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "E6 two-component dark matter formalism", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.13298", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the two-component (Weyl fermion + inert-doublet-like scalar) dark sector exists for relic-partition and inelastic direct-detection calculations; the phenomenology step is currently not done at all, and the eV-scale fermion regime requires non-standard (non-freeze-out) production treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Build FeynRules model files for the low-energy E6 dark sector, export to CalcHEP, and use micrOMEGAs in two-component mode for the scalar relic fraction and inelastic nuclear-recoil rates; add a freeze-in/thermalization module for the suppressed eV-scale fermion component.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_06471_neutrino_philic_twin_2hdm_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-philic twin two-Higgs-doublet cogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06471", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public thermal-history solver tracks the twin-sector temperature ratio Tprime/T and Delta N_eff through twin QCD confinement, lifted twin-neutrino decoupling, and MeV dark-photon energy depletion into SM electron-positron pairs.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a hidden-sector entropy-transfer solver (coupled dT'/dT Boltzmann equations with the kinetic-mixing-mediated e+e- depletion rate and the twin g_star'(T') table) and pass the resulting Delta N_eff to the standard CLASS/CAMB Planck N_eff constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_03216_su2d_vector_multipole_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D complex vector dark matter with electromagnetic multipole moments", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.03216", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic abundance of the W_D vectors is asserted but never computed: no implementation of the SU(2)_D gauge/Higgs sector exists for a thermal freeze-out scan, leaving whether W_D can be all of the dark matter unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the renormalizable SU(2)_D model (W_D, Phi_D, new fermions) in FeynRules and compute the freeze-out relic density with micrOMEGAs over m_WD, g_D, and the fermion spectrum to identify the viable Omega_DM region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_06494_hidden_dirac_fermion_dark_photon_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector Dirac fermion self-interacting dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.06494", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes freeze-in production of the Dirac fermion D with coupled visible- and hidden-sector temperature evolution; the multi-temperature relic and T_h/T history are only available through the source paper's private formalism.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or write a standalone coupled-Boltzmann code) to evolve separate visible and hidden temperatures with kinetic-mixing energy transfer, outputting the freeze-in yield and T_h/T(z) for the (m_D, m_C, g_X, epsilon) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_01214_scotogenic_inert_scalar_top_fcnc_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert scalar dark matter with Z2-odd vector-like quarks", "family": "scotogenic_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01214", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists for this specific scotogenic inert-doublet model with Z2-odd vector-like quarks and singlet Majorana fermions, so the coannihilation-sensitive relic abundance cannot be computed; the paper cites generic inert-doublet results rather than a model-specific scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO model file for the full Z2-odd sector (inert doublet, N_R_i, vector-like quarks) and run micrOMEGAs to compute Omega h^2 including H_I-A_I-H_I^+ coannihilations over the 70-120 GeV scan window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_08067_u1_ay_bq_dark_fermion_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_{A Y + B q} vector-portal dark fermion model", "family": "u1_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08067", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model file or micrOMEGAs module) exists for the specific U(1)_{A Y + B q} charge assignment with Z-Z' mass mixing, so all four routes are planned rather than implemented and every constraint carries recasting_needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules model file for the U(1)_{A Y + B q} Lagrangian (Q = A Y + B q charges, Z-Z' mass mixing, dark fermion with Q_chi = +1) and export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, which then supplies Omega h^2, sigma_SI, and <sigma v> per channel in one pipeline; validate against the paper's ~77 MeV W-mass benchmark and the m_chi ~ M_Z'/2 relic contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_08375_quintet_minimal_dark_matter_higgs_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_L quintet fermion minimal dark matter with Higgs inflation", "family": "minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.08375", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-density code computes electroweak-multiplet freeze-out with Sommerfeld enhancement and bound-state formation for the SU(2)_L quintet fermion; the adopted 13.6 TeV thermal mass is taken from a literature computation that cannot be independently rerun or varied.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the electroweak Sommerfeld/bound-state freeze-out formalism for arbitrary SU(2)_L multiplets as an extension module of micrOMEGAs or a standalone Boltzmann solver, validated against the published quintet thermal-mass result.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_14594_scalar_mediated_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated Dirac fermion dark matter with Higgs portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.14594", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No maintained public solver computes Sommerfeld factors and bound-state formation/decay rates for a Dirac fermion with mixed scalar plus pseudoscalar Yukawa couplings to a light scalar mediator, nor the resulting effective Boltzmann equation for freeze-out; the paper's calculation (ground-state BSF, alpha < 0.25) is bespoke and unreleased.", "proposed_resolution": "Package a Yukawa-potential Schroedinger solver for scattering and bound states with the BSF cross sections of the cited formalism (arXiv:1611.08133-style) and couple it to a non-self-conjugate relic Boltzmann integrator (e.g. extend micrOMEGAs or DRAKE with an effective sigma_eff(x) table including BSF and ionization equilibrium), validating against the paper's TeV benchmarks and the alpha < 0.25 validity cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_12762_type_ii_seesaw_asymmetric_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Type-II seesaw asymmetric Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.12762", "score": 20.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented model file or Boltzmann setup exists for this model's asymmetric freeze-out: tracking the residual symmetric chi anti-chi fraction through the resonant h2-mediated annihilation (M_h2 near 2 M_chi) with the asymmetry fixed by the transfer operator.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the singlet Dirac fermion plus Higgs-mixed singlet scalar sector in micrOMEGAs (which supports asymmetric relic evolution) via FeynRules/CalcHEP, and solve the coupled asymmetric Boltzmann equations with the chemical-potential asymmetry as input, scanning the h2 resonance region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1007_2631_neutral_su2n_vector_boson_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutral SU(2)_N vector-boson dark matter", "family": "non_abelian_vector_boson_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.2631", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files usable by micrOMEGAs or MadDM) exists for the SU(2)_N gauge extension, so the X_1 relic density and X_1-nucleon cross section can only be estimated with the paper's simplified analytic formulae under equal-mass assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(2)_N Lagrangian (X_1, X_2, Z', exotic h/N/E fermions, eta scalars, generalized R parity) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files, and compute relic density and sigma_SI with micrOMEGAs over the full mediator-mass parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_09494_hidden_u1_fermionic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1) radiative inverse-seesaw fermionic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.09494", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The hidden U(1)_H radiative inverse-seesaw model implementation used with micrOMEGAs-5.2.4 (particle content, N1 hidden-gauge annihilation channels, and scan filters) is not publicly released, so the relic-density band for the N1 Majorana fermion cannot be independently recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the model from the paper's Lagrangian in FeynRules or SARAH, export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, validate by reproducing the published allowed band in the (m_N1, m_Z', g'') plane, and release the model files in the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0364_u1x_three_higgs_neutral_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X three-Higgs-doublet neutral fermion dark matter", "family": "vector_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0364", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the three-Higgs U(1)_X model (relic density including the Z-prime resonance/width treatment plus sigma_SD) exists; computational_representation is null and the route lists a 'custom U(1)_X freeze-out/direct-detection scanner' as a required resource, so g_X(M_DM, M_Zprime) is only an approximate analytic relation.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the U(1)_X Lagrangian (Z-prime couplings to the neutral fermion and SM fermions, extended Higgs sector) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs to compute the resonance-region relic density and spin-dependent cross section, replacing the x_f = 20 analytic estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0506_spin_3_2_effective_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Spin-3/2 effective dark matter", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0506", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the 14 dimension-six spin-3/2 four-fermion operators exists in any public relic/cross-section code (computational_representation is null); relic curves and SI/SD cross sections come only from the paper's one-operator-at-a-time analytic formulas, so multi-operator scans and precision relic calculations cannot be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO model for the spin-3/2 field with the 14 contact operators in FeynRules and run MadDM (which supports spin-3/2 via UFO) to compute relic density, annihilation spectra, and SI/SD nucleon cross sections for arbitrary operator combinations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_u1_prime_extra_doublet_fermion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' extra doublet neutral fermion cold dark matter", "family": "u1_prime_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-density model implementation exists for the U(1)' extra-doublet neutral fermion, whose freeze-out involves Z'/Z-mediated annihilation, t-channel gauge-boson channels, and coannihilation with the radiatively split charged partner; the boltzmann_solver step names only a generic micrOMEGAs-style solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the reconstructed U(1)' doublet model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs with coannihilation between the neutral and charged doublet components across (m_DM, M_Z', gauge couplings).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_3304_supersymmetric_u1_hylogenesis_antibaryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric U(1)' hylogenesis antibaryon dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.3304", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No induced-nucleon-decay event generator or Super-Kamiokande detector-level recast exists to convert the baryon-transfer operator into meson spectra with nuclear effects and detector acceptances, which blocks the model's most distinctive observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an IND event generator producing kaon/pion momentum spectra for the hyperon and neutron portals including Fermi motion and nuclear absorption, and recast published Super-K nucleon-decay selections onto the shifted kinematic windows to obtain acceptance-corrected limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_0491_electroweak_multiplet_gauge_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "TeV-scale electroweak multiplet gauge-portal dark matter for Higgs stability", "family": "gauge_portal_electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0491", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public relic-density calculation covers multi-TeV electroweak multiplets (quintuplet/septuplet and fermionic analogues) with Sommerfeld enhancement, bound-state formation, and full coannihilation, which shift the thermal mass target at the tens-of-percent level.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY with Sommerfeld and bound-state factors parameterized by SU(2)_L representation dimension n and hypercharge Y, validated against the published 4.60/9.17 TeV scalar quintuplet/septuplet benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_4858_degenerate_majorana_internal_bremsstrahlung_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate-particle Majorana dark matter with enhanced internal bremsstrahlung", "family": "coannihilating_majorana_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.4858", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs (or equivalent) model implementation exists for the k nearly degenerate Majorana fermions plus charged scalar mediator eta, so the coannihilation relic-density calculation that fixes the allowed Yukawa coupling y_1 cannot be reproduced from released code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian (k Majorana fermions chi_i, charged scalar eta, Yukawa couplings y_i to right-handed leptons) in FeynRules/CalcHEP and export a public micrOMEGAs model directory, validating against the paper's coannihilation-enhanced relic-density results as a function of k, Delta_i, and m_eta/m_chi1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1505_03542_nonabelian_wimp_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian WIMP multiplet dark matter with dark gluon radiation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.03542", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the electroweak WIMP multiplet with dark non-Abelian multiplicity factors exists in relic/collider tools, so multiplicity-modified annihilation, indirect-detection, and collider rates cannot be recast against existing searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the multiplet model (spectrum, degeneracy, dark-gluon final states) in micrOMEGAs or MadDM to compute multiplicity-adjusted relic, annihilation, and production cross sections, then recast LHC monojet/electroweakino searches and CTA/Fermi indirect limits with the rescaled rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_05723_kinetically_mixed_lmutau_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically mixed L_mu-L_tau Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05723", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's micrOMEGAs implementation of the kinetically mixed U(1)_{L_mu-L_tau} Dirac-fermion model was not released, so the relic-density contours (including Z' resonance and Z'Z' pair regimes) cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model (Z' with L_mu-L_tau charges, kinetic mixing epsilon with hypercharge, Dirac chi with charge q_chi) in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's Omega_DM h^2 = 0.12 curves in the resonance and Z'-pair regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1811_12388_partially_composite_susy_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter in partially composite supersymmetry", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1811.12388", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generator implementation of the partially composite SUSY boundary conditions (composite first/second-generation sfermions, elementary third generation, 5D-dual-derived soft terms), so the superpartner spectrum feeding all downstream cosmology cannot be regenerated across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the model's high-scale soft-term boundary conditions as a SARAH/SPheno or FlexibleSUSY model file (inputs Lambda_IR, F, compositeness fractions) and validate the output spectrum against the paper's benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_12635_fermionic_absorption_neutral_current_v1", "model_name": "Neutral-current fermionic absorption dark matter", "family": "fermionic_absorption_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12635", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public absorption-rate calculator exists for fermionic dark matter absorption via dimension-six neutral-current operators: target-specific nuclear response functions (beyond the coherent approximation) and electronic response/matrix elements for the mass-energy-deposit kinematics are not implemented in any standard direct-detection package, which are built for scattering rather than absorption.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing direct-detection rate framework (e.g. the nuclear-response formalism of WimPyDD/DirectDM for nuclei, and DarkELF/QEdark-style electronic response functions for electron targets) to the fermionic-absorption kinematics with energy deposit set by m_chi, covering xenon, argon, and semiconductor targets and validated against E_R ~ m_chi^2/(2M) and the published electron-target limit shapes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_05300_primordial_fifth_force_dm_halos_v1", "model_name": "Primordial dark matter halos from scalar fifth forces", "family": "fifth_force_clumped_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.05300", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for radiation-era fifth-force collapse with screening: the M_PDMH(beta, m_psi, delta_in, z_in) and mass-radius predictions that feed every downstream observable rest on by-hand scaling-solution and virialization estimates, with screening dominating the uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a spherical-collapse code coupling the dark-fermion fluid to the light scalar with effective coupling beta and an explicit screening prescription during radiation domination, outputting z_form, M_PDMH, and R_PDMH over the beta = 3-30, m_psi > 0.1 MeV window; validate against the paper's fiducial 0.03-16 M_sun window, then check with N-body simulations including the scalar fifth force.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_11325_b_minus_l_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-mass weakly coupled B-L gauge boson Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "b_minus_l_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.11325", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical implementation covers the B-L Dirac-fermion relic calculation across all regimes the paper uses: thermal freeze-out with the Z_BL thermalization condition, freeze-in from SM fermion annihilation, and sequential freeze-in via Z_BL Z_BL -> chi chi; only primary-paper equations exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_B-L model file (Z_BL, chi with charge Q, B-L scalar) in micrOMEGAs, using its freeze-out and freeze-in modules, and add the sequential freeze-in channel and dark-sector thermalization flag as a custom module; validate against the paper's case A/B/B1/B2 limiting formulae.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_13787_asymmetric_atomic_dm_bound_state_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric atomic dark matter with massive dark photon bound-state formation", "family": "asymmetric_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.13787", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The improved numerical bound-state-formation cross sections for capture with emission of a massive (non-Coulombic) dark photon, and the resulting dark-photon decay spectra, exist only as the authors' private calculation; no public code reproduces the Fermi-LAT dwarf limit surface in the dark-photon mass/emitted-energy plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a BSF cross-section calculator for Yukawa-bound dark atoms with massive-mediator radiative capture, couple it to Pythia-generated dark-photon decay spectra and the public Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihood, and validate against the paper's limit surface and bound-state-existence threshold.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2112_12264_cointeracting_conformal_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Co-interacting conformal two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.12264", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-density code implements the dimension-8 derivative conformal operator (partial phi)^2 T/M^4 for a two-component thermal history combining heavy-fermion freeze-out with the ultra-light scalar's oscillation abundance; the enrichment could not reproduce the freeze-out calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the conformal derivative operator and run heavy-component freeze-out in micrOMEGAs (or MadDM), coupling it to an analytic misalignment module for Omega_phi, and validate against the paper's M = few-hundred-GeV-to-1.2-TeV benchmark region at Omega_DM h^2 = 0.12.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_16848_mass_dimension_one_fermion_em_coupled_v1", "model_name": "Mass-dimension-one fermion non-minimally coupled to electromagnetism", "family": "mass_dimension_one_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16848", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code implements the mass-dimension-one fermion field: standard pipelines (FeynRules -> CalcHEP/MadGraph -> micrOMEGAs/MadDM) assume Dirac/Majorana/scalar/vector fields and cannot handle the MDOF dual-helicity spinor propagator and spin sums, so no automated relic-abundance or collider event generation exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the MDOF propagator and spin sums as a custom model in CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs (hand-coded matrix elements or modified helicity-amplitude routines), then use the standard micrOMEGAs freeze-out solver to compute Omega h^2 and freeze-out temperature over the (m, e, g) space, validating against the beta-function and transversality results of arXiv:2305.16848.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_2749_fourth_generation_majorana_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-generation Majorana neutrino dark matter with residual U(1)_F parity", "family": "fourth_generation_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.2749", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the U(1)_F fourth-generation Majorana neutrino model exists for CalcHEP or any relic-density code: the paper used CalcHEP 2.4 privately for annihilation cross sections into Z0 h0, W+W-, and fermion pairs, so the relic-fraction curves r_Omega(m_1, theta) and the scattering cross sections cannot be independently reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the Lagrangian (gauge charges, singlet scalars, Y4^nu and Y4^m Yukawas, Z-prime) in FeynRules and export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files, then reproduce the paper's freeze-out relic fraction and sigma_SI/sigma_SD as validation before releasing the model files publicly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5709_neutrinophilic_u1_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic local U(1) singlet-fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5709", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model files exist for the local U(1) neutrinophilic 2HDM with anomaly-canceling singlet fermions, so the source's relic-density and sigma_SI scan (m_DM 50-500 GeV) cannot be reproduced or extended beyond the quoted scan ranges.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the model Lagrangian (Zprime, scalar singlet, neutrinophilic doublet, singlet fermions) in FeynRules/LanHEP, export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's 50-500 GeV relic-compatible region and below-XENON100 sigma_SI conclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_fermion_dm_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic fermion WIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public FeynRules/micrOMEGAs model files for this leptophilic fermion-DM scalar-mediator simplified model are identified in the card, so the scan pipeline cannot be rerun without reimplementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the scalar/pseudoscalar leptophilic Lagrangian in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, verify against the paper's relic-density and cross-section benchmarks, and publish the model files in a repository.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11376_leptophilic_fermion_dm_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic fermion WIMP with vector mediator", "family": "leptophilic_wimp", "arxiv": "1711.11376", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public FeynRules/micrOMEGAs model files for this leptophilic fermion-DM vector-mediator simplified model are identified in the card, so the scan pipeline cannot be rerun without reimplementing the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the vector/axial-vector leptophilic Z prime Lagrangian in FeynRules, export to CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs, verify against the paper's relic-density and cross-section benchmarks, and publish the model files in a repository.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_16462_late_forming_pbh_thermal_fermi_balls_v1", "model_name": "Late-forming PBH from thermal balls and Fermi balls", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2210.16462", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing PBH constraint codes evaluate f_PBH bounds assuming formation deep in the radiation era; no tool applies CMB accretion, microlensing, and dwarf-heating limits time-dependently for objects that are extended thermal/Fermi balls until a formation redshift z_form after recombination.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a PBHbounds-style constraint package with a formation-redshift argument: switch each constraint on only for z < z_form, add pre-collapse compact-object limits (e.g. microlensing on Fermi balls) and the BBN Delta N_eff < 0.40 dark-radiation bound, producing f_PBH(M_PBH, z_form) exclusion surfaces.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_09349_two_component_boosted_light_dm_nu2hdm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component boosted light dark matter in a neutrinophilic 2HDM", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.09349", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the neutrinophilic 2HDM with singlet scalar phi3 and vectorlike fermion chi1, so neither the constraint filter (oblique, invisible-width, LEP/LHC) nor the coupled two-component Boltzmann relic calculation with the chi1 chi1 -> phi3 phi3 conversion channel can be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP, solve the coupled freeze-out in micrOMEGAs' two-component mode (validating against the paper's coupled vs uncoupled benchmarks and the 35-60 GeV under-abundant window), and wrap HiggsTools plus oblique/invisible-width checks as the benchmark filter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0412058_split_susy_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Split-Supersymmetry neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412058", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Default micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY-style relic and annihilation calculations omit Sommerfeld enhancement and electroweak bound-state effects that are O(1) for multi-TeV Wino/Higgsino-dominated neutralinos, precisely the regime that sets the quoted ~2.2 TeV thermal upper mass and the present-day indirect-detection rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the relic-density step with the Sommerfeld-corrected electroweakino annihilation treatments already published for pure Wino/Higgsino limits (nonrelativistic EFT cross sections), interfacing them to the mixed-composition scan instead of the tree-level solver output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_2064_indirect_fermionic_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Indirect fermionic Higgs portal dark matter", "family": "fermionic_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.2064", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP (or equivalent) model implementation exists for this specific Majorana fermion plus real singlet scalar Higgs-portal model, so the relic-density freeze-out through chi chi -> H1/H2 mediators cannot be computed numerically, including the Sommerfeld-enhanced regime the card flags from light-mediator exchange.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the Lagrangian (Majorana chi, singlet phi, Higgs mixing) in FeynRules, export a CalcHEP model file, and run micrOMEGAs for relic density and thermal-contact rates; add the Sommerfeld correction from mediator exchange as a multiplicative factor on the annihilation cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_2064_resonant_fermionic_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Resonant scalar fermionic Higgs portal dark matter", "family": "fermionic_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.2064", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP model implementation exists per the card for the Majorana fermion plus mixed-singlet-scalar model, which is required because the narrow resonant escape region near m_chi = m_H1/2 or m_H2/2 demands finite-width thermally averaged annihilation rather than the analytic Breit-Wigner estimate alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and run micrOMEGAs, whose relic solver already handles resonance thermal averaging with full widths; validate by recovering the m_h/2 (about 63 GeV) resonance dip and the small-coupling relic solutions the paper describes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_5284_ekpyrotic_reheating_inflaton_remnant_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ekpyrotic-reheating inflaton-remnant dark matter", "family": "scalar_inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.5284", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann relic-density solver handles freeze-out of the surviving inflaton across the ekpyrotic reheating history, where the negative post-inflation potential gives an equation-of-state phase with w > 1 and a nonstandard expansion rate; the card's relic prediction rests only on the source's rough analytic approximations, and standard codes assume radiation domination at freeze-out.", "proposed_resolution": "Write (or extend micrOMEGAs' user-defined Hubble-rate interface into) a coupled inflaton-radiation-DM Boltzmann code that evolves the two-scalar potential V1(phi)+V2(chi) through the w > 1 ekpyrotic phase into radiation domination, with Yukawa annihilation into fermions, and validate against the source's Case II/III examples at m_phi around 1 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_5539_natural_susy_higgsino_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Natural SUSY higgsino-axion dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_mixed_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.5539", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code computes the mixed axion/higgsino relic composition: the coupled cosmology of thermally produced axinos, saxion and moduli decays, entropy production, and axion misalignment that sets Omega_chi/Omega_DM is treated by assumption, yet this fraction rescales every direct- and indirect-detection rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement coupled Boltzmann equations for axino/saxion/moduli energy densities, their decays to neutralinos, neutralino reannihilation, and axion misalignment on top of a micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY spectrum interface, parameterized by PQ scale, axino/saxion masses, and reheating temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1312_3578_long_lived_pgb_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken U(1) Majorana dark matter with long-lived PGB scenario", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.3578", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules implementation of the U(1)_DM chiral-fermion dark sector used for the micrOMEGAs 3.1 relic scan is not published (no repository URL, availability unknown), so the relic-density route cannot be run without rebuilding the model file.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the Lagrangian (complex scalar Phi, chiral fermion chi, Higgs portal) in FeynRules/CalcHEP format from the published operators and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.1199 selection with a current micrOMEGAs release.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1406_0617_two_component_singlet_scalar_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component singlet scalar-fermion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.0617", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The two-component LanHEP/micrOMEGAs implementation (Z2-odd singlet fermion plus singlet scalar with chi chi <-> S S conversion through mixed H1/H2 mediators) is not public, so the coupled Boltzmann relic calculation and cross sections cannot be reproduced without rebuilding the model files.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the model in LanHEP/CalcHEP and run it through the public two-component mode of micrOMEGAs 5.x (which solves coupled Boltzmann equations with conversion), validating against the paper's five benchmark points and Omega_DM h^2 = 0.1199.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_1222_hidden_u1x_asymmetric_y_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1)_x asymmetric Y dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.1222", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculator exists in the route for the visible photon/e+e- spectra from Y anti-Y annihilation into kinetically mixed U(1)_x hidden vectors that subsequently cascade to SM states, which is prerequisite to any indirect-detection or CMB bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate hidden-vector cascade spectra by decaying X to SM final states via kinetic mixing in Pythia (or reuse published dark-photon cascade spectrum tables) and boost them into the Y rest frame as a function of m_Y, m_X, and epsilon.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_3227_vector_fermion_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector fermion-portal dark matter", "family": "vector_fermion_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.3227", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/UFO/CalcHEP files) of the hidden-U(1) vector dark matter with vector-like fermion portal exists, so relic density, annihilation cross sections, and collider rates cannot be computed with standard pipelines.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_dm Lagrangian (X_mu, vector-like tprime/bprime/tauprime, mixed scalar S) in FeynRules and export to micrOMEGAs for relic/indirect rates and to MadGraph (UFO) for collider production.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3660_yukawa_coupled_quintessence_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Yukawa-coupled quintessence fermion dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_energy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3660", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code implements this Yukawa-coupled quintessence-fermion model (field-dependent fermion mass m(phi)=M-beta*phi with exponential potential): the source's modified CAMB is private, so neither CMB nor matter-power spectra can be computed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled background and perturbation equations in CLASS or CAMB, following existing public coupled-quintessence/interacting-dark-energy patches, parameterized by (beta/M, alpha) and validated against the acoustic-peak and low-l responses reported in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_1485_light_dark_photon_force_v1", "model_name": "Light dark photon force dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1485", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public cascade-spectrum generator produces boosted photon/positron spectra from sub-1.5 GeV dark-photon decays with data-driven hadronic branching fractions (rho/omega/pion resonances), which the Galactic Center fit and AMS-02 comparison both require; the card names only a generic 'cascade or event generator'.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a spectrum module that takes tabulated e+e- R-ratio-based A' branching fractions (as in the dark-photon literature), decays and boosts them to chi chi -> A'A' cascade spectra, and outputs prompt gamma, e+, and ICS-ready injection spectra; implement as an extension to existing indirect-detection spectrum tools (PPPC-style tables or a Pythia-based wrapper with hadronic corrections).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_05539_inflaton_incomplete_decay_wimplaton_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton dark matter from incomplete decay", "family": "inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.05539", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for the post-inflationary background evolution with an oscillation-amplitude-dependent inflaton decay width (decay allowed only at large field amplitude), including condensate evaporation and the thermalization of decay products; the relic remnant abundance is currently a rough semi-analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled inflaton-radiation Boltzmann/Friedmann system with a field-amplitude-dependent Gamma(phi) in a background reheating code, and cross-check the perturbative treatment against a nonperturbative lattice reheating simulation (e.g. CosmoLattice) for the Yukawa-coupled fermion channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_04745_secretly_asymmetric_fdm_zprime_v1", "model_name": "Secretly asymmetric lepton-flavored dark matter with a dark Zprime annihilator", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.04745", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann/abundance solver for the secretly asymmetric multi-flavor setup: tracking three chi flavor asymmetries through FDM decoupling, Zprime annihilation of the symmetric component, and late heavy-flavor decays that repopulate a symmetric lightest-flavor population.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' asymmetric dark matter mode (or write a dedicated coupled-Boltzmann module) to evolve per-flavor chi asymmetries with a decay term for the heavier flavors, parameterized by (m_chi, Delta m_ij, g_D, flavor lifetimes), outputting the late chi/anti-chi fraction that normalizes indirect-detection rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_04745_secretly_asymmetric_fdm_zprime_v1", "model_name": "Secretly asymmetric lepton-flavored dark matter with a dark Zprime annihilator", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.04745", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No cascade photon/positron spectrum has been generated for the chi chi -> Zprime Zprime -> four-light-fermion final state with m_Zprime < m_chi, which is required before Fermi dwarf, CMB energy-injection, and positron limits can be recast onto this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute boosted secondary spectra by convolving PPPC4DMID (or Pythia-generated) Zprime rest-frame f fbar spectra with the mediator boost for the model's m_Zprime/m_chi ratios (e.g. via MadDM's indirect-detection cascade machinery), then feed them into the public Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood and Planck p_ann bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_07028_majorana_singlet_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana singlet neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1706.07028", "score": 19.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No propagation-plus-likelihood capability exists for the predicted high-energy cosmic-neutrino attenuation: absorption of astrophysical neutrinos on the cosmic neutrino background into chi-phi pairs is not implemented in any public neutrino-transport code, and no IceCube diffuse-flux likelihood is wired to it (constraint likelihood_available: unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Add the neutrino-portal annihilation cross section on the CnuB as an absorption channel in a nuSQuIDS-style propagation solver with a parameterized source population, and compare the attenuated spectrum to the public IceCube HESE/diffuse-flux data via a simple flux likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_07028_real_scalar_singlet_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar singlet neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1706.07028", "score": 19.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No propagation-plus-likelihood capability exists for the predicted high-energy cosmic-neutrino attenuation: absorption of astrophysical neutrinos on the cosmic neutrino background into phi-chi pairs is not implemented in any public neutrino-transport code, and no IceCube diffuse-flux likelihood is wired to it (constraint likelihood_available: unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Add the neutrino-portal annihilation cross section on the CnuB as an absorption channel in a nuSQuIDS-style propagation solver with a parameterized source population, and compare the attenuated spectrum to the public IceCube HESE/diffuse-flux data via a simple flux likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00691_u1d_dark_sector_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D dark-sector Majorana WIMP model", "family": "hidden_sector_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "1710.00691", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No collider event-generation or recast pipeline exists for the TeV-scale dark-sector cascade signatures (charged dark scalar and heavy fermion production decaying to leptons, Higgs bosons, and chi_1 pairs); the card records cross sections only qualitatively and the collider recast as unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Export a UFO model from the FeynRules implementation, generate production of the charged dark scalars and heavy fermions in MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, and recast existing LHC multilepton-plus-missing-energy searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 for the v_2 = 200-300 GeV, M_eta20 = 100-250 GeV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_01853_minimal_vector_fermion_multicomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal vector-fermion multicomponent dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.01853", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The coupled three-species Boltzmann solver treating annihilation, coannihilation, dark-sector conversion, semi-annihilation, and mass-ordering-dependent decays for X_mu, chi_plus, and chi_minus is a private C++ code with no public repository, so the total relic density for the 2CDM/3CDM regimes cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_X vector-fermion model in FeynRules/CalcHEP and use micrOMEGAs 5's multi-component mode (which supports conversion and semi-annihilation among N dark species) to solve the coupled abundance system, validating against the paper's published scan points.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2206_06768_leptoquark_portal_singlet_vectorlike_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptoquark-portal SU(2)L-singlet vector-like fermion dark matter", "family": "leptoquark_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.06768", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The micrOMEGAs implementation of the S3 leptoquark plus Z2-odd vector-like fermion Lagrangian used by the authors is not publicly released (availability unknown, no repository), so the relic-density and cross-section calculation over (M_Psi_L, M_Psi_Q, M_S3, lambda, Delta) cannot currently be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the S3 + Psi_Q/Psi_L Lagrangian in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files into micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's published relic-density contours and coannihilation benchmarks (including the Delta -> 0 limit).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_18740_hidden_u1x_dirac_fermion_dark_z_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1)_X dark-Z Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.18740", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP/micrOMEGAs model files) exists for this hidden U(1)_X Dirac-fermion model with its extra Higgs doublet and Z-Z' mixing, so the relic-density and DM-nucleon cross-section chain cannot be reproduced without reimplementing the Lagrangian.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's Lagrangian (2HDM-like scalar potential without soft-breaking/lambda_5 terms, U(1)_X gauge boson, vector-like Dirac fermion) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's Planck relic band and quoted low-mass direct-detection windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04680_anomalous_u1_le_lmu_ltau_axi_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) L_e+L_mu+L_tau axi-Higgs portal fermionic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04680", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the anomalous U(1) L_e+L_mu+L_tau Lagrangian with Wess-Zumino terms, Stueckelberg axion, and axi-Higgs G1; the paper's micrOMEGAs 5.3.41 setup is private, so the Omega h^2 = 0.120 benchmark points cannot be reproduced or the scan extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the EFT (pseudoscalar axi-Higgs couplings to electroweak gauge-field duals and to the dark fermion, plus the Z prime sector) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP/UFO model files for micrOMEGAs, and validate against the paper's benchmark tables at m_Zprime = 2.5 and 3.5 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9809547_fermionic_superheavy_x_vacuum_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic superheavy X-particle from vacuum fluctuations", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9809547", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes gravitational particle production for this fermionic X field: integrating the complex-frequency Dirac mode equations through chaotic inflation and the transition to the Friedmann stage (the regime where parametric resonance is absent for a fermion with negligible inflaton coupling), with smooth matching to avoid artificial particle creation at large m_X.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or release an existing group-internal) fermionic mode-function solver on a numerically computed chaotic-inflation scale-factor history with smooth junctions, validated by reproducing the paper's fermionic n_X versus m_X/m_phi results including the g_s=2 spin-state factor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_1391_elastic_scalar_vector_isospin_violating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Elastic scalar-vector isospin-violating dark matter", "family": "isospin_violating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.1391", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model implementation (FeynRules/CalcHEP model files or equivalent) exists for the Dirac DM plus kinetically mixed Z-prime plus Higgs-mixed singlet scalar Lagrangian, so relic-density contours in the m_Zprime-m_phi plane and elastic recoil cross sections with the tuned f_p/f_n cannot be regenerated or scanned beyond the paper's published benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules model for the two-mediator Lagrangian, export to micrOMEGAs to compute the thermal relic density (light-mediator annihilation channels chi chi -> Z'Z', Z'phi, and s-channel fermions) and the target-dependent SI cross section, validating against the paper's relic contours and the ~7.5 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_3967_asymmetric_inelastic_fermion_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric inelastic vector-like fermion doublet dark matter from triplet scalar leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_fermion_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.3967", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the coupled scalar-triplet leptogenesis Boltzmann network that maps CP asymmetries and branching fractions (epsilon_DM, epsilon_L, B_DM, B_L) into the fermion-doublet dark asymmetry and Omega_DM/Omega_B; the calculation lives only in the source paper's private equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's triplet-decay Boltzmann equations (decay, inverse decay, and washout terms with dark and lepton branching fractions) as a small public ODE module, e.g. built on the ULYSSES leptogenesis framework extended with a dark-sector branching channel, validated against the paper's Omega_DM/Omega_B ~ 5 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1301_1864_quantum_fermionic_wdm_thomas_fermi_v1", "model_name": "Quantum fermionic warm dark matter Thomas-Fermi galaxy model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1301.1864", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's numerical solver for the self-gravitating Thomas-Fermi equations (one-parameter mu(0) family of cored fermionic-WDM halo profiles for a given f(E)) has no identified public release, so the cored-profile predictions and the Willman-I-type m > 1.91 keV bound cannot be recomputed or extended to other dwarfs.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the spherical Thomas-Fermi ODE system for degenerate/semi-degenerate fermions with selectable f(E) (Fermi-Dirac and out-of-equilibrium forms) as a small open-source solver, validated against the paper's quoted core sizes and the m ~ 2 keV compact-dwarf solutions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_11533_e6_exotic_hot_dark_matter_asymmetry_v1", "model_name": "E6-inspired exotic-state hot dark matter asymmetry scenario", "family": "e6_inspired_susy_hot_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.11533", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical SE6SSM spectrum implementation exists to compute the neutral exotic singlet-fermion masses from the superpotential couplings f_i, ftilde_i and VEVs, so the sub-eV mass condition is only asserted analytically.", "proposed_resolution": "Write an SE6SSM model file in SARAH (generating SPheno/FlexibleSUSY code) including the exotic S_i, H_alpha, D_i and N_i^c supermultiplets, and validate the exotic-fermion mass matrix against the paper's analytic limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_06141_higgs_portal_fermion_dm_neutron_star_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal fermionic dark matter with a light scalar mediator in neutron-star matter", "family": "higgs_portal_fermionic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.06141", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the dark-matter-admixed neutron-star EoS of this model (effective chiral mean-field hadronic sector plus degenerate dark Fermi gas coupled through the Higgs-mixed light scalar) end-to-end with a TOV and tidal Love-number solver, so mass-radius and Lambda_1.4 predictions cannot be reproduced outside the original group.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's mean-field chiral EoS with the g_phiNN-coupled dark Fermi-gas contribution as a CompOSE-style tabulated EoS module and couple it to an open TOV/Love-number integrator (e.g. the LALSuite or NSTOV-type solvers), validated against the paper's k_F^DM=0.01-0.06 GeV benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_04783_spontaneous_cp_scotogenic_inert_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneous-CP scotogenic inert-scalar dark matter model", "family": "scotogenic_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.04783", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the full spontaneous-CP scotogenic model (inert doublet plus singlets, right-handed neutrinos, and vector-like fermions under Z4 x Z4-prime) exists in a relic-density/direct-detection calculator; existing inert-doublet implementations do not include the extra CP-sector fields that could shift the mapping.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model Lagrangian in FeynRules/SARAH and export to micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) to compute Omega h^2 and sigma_SI over the M_eta, lambda3, lambda4, lambda_L, Delta M_eta parameter space, validating against published inert-doublet scans in the pure-IDM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_05420_feeton_b_minus_l_threshold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-threshold feeton B-L gauge boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05420", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No code exists (none is cited in the card) that computes the Galactic 511-keV line flux from feeton decay: the near-threshold e+e- branching ratio, nonrelativistic positron injection, positronium formation fraction in ionized gas, and the resulting line morphology have no public implementation for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the analytic feeton decay widths (Gamma(e+e-) with threshold phase-space suppression and Gamma(nu nu-bar)) and couple the positron injection rate to an NFW-profile line-of-sight integral with a positronium-fraction treatment, then compare to INTEGRAL/SPI 511-keV flux and morphology measurements.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_03837_u1x_millicharged_dark_fermion_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X millicharged dark fermion freeze-in model", "family": "millicharged_hidden_sector_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03837", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists for the paper's coupled visible/hidden-sector Boltzmann system (dark fermion and dark photon number densities plus hidden-sector temperature ratio eta) that sets the millicharged freeze-in relic abundance, including plasmon-decay production and dark freeze-out; the eight-benchmark calculation is private and the card has no computational representation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled number-density and hidden-temperature evolution for (m_chi, M_Zp, g_X, epsilon, delta, eta) including plasmon decay and hidden-sector reactions, either as a standalone solver or by extending micrOMEGAs' freeze-in machinery, validated against the paper's eight benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_17246_vectorlike_portal_scalar_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Vectorlike-portal scalar FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17246", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The paper's freeze-in production rates use closed-time-path finite-temperature field theory with one-loop resummed fermion propagators, evaluated by private VEGAS-based numerical integration; public freeze-in machinery (e.g. micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module) implements only vacuum/Boltzmann or HTL-approximated rates, so the thermally corrected relic density cannot be reproduced with existing tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module (or release a standalone rate library) with the CTP one-loop resummed decay and 2-to-2 production rates for the F f s vertex, parameterized by (m_s, m_F, Delta, lambda, G) in the electroweak-unbroken phase, validated against the paper's Boltzmann-versus-resummed comparisons.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_0285_z2_singlet_fermion_n_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd singlet fermion N dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0285", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation exists for the fermion-N relic branch: the loop-suppressed N annihilation through S, the Higgs portal, and heavy N_i, including S-N co-annihilation in the near-degenerate region the analytic formula neglects, is not encoded in any relic-density code (computational_representation is null, no associated code).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z2-odd N + S + N_i Lagrangian in FeynRules and run micrOMEGAs (which handles co-annihilation automatically) to compute Omega_N h^2 across (m_N, m_S, lambda_i, lambda_HS), validating against the paper's loop formula in the hierarchical limit and flagging non-perturbative coupling regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_07626_extended_dm_eft_fermion_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Extended DM EFT with fermionic singlet DM", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.07626", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical model implementation exists for the extended DM EFT with fermionic chi, explicit (pseudo)scalar mediator S, and D=5 operators: computational_representation is null and no code was identified, so relic density and direct-detection rates (including the momentum-suppressed pseudoscalar nuclear response) cannot be scanned beyond the paper's analytic benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Lagrangian with y_S and the D=5 operators (S QLHqR/Lambda, S BB/Lambda, S GG/Lambda, S^2 chi chi/Lambda, |H|^2 chi chi/Lambda) in FeynRules, export a UFO/CalcHEP model, and run micrOMEGAs or MadDM for Omega h^2 and nuclear-recoil rates, validating against the paper's benchmark correlation plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_flavored_bl3_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic third-generation B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the inelastic (B-L)_3 scalar model exists: the S/P coannihilation relic density with the off-diagonal Z-prime coupling to third-generation fermions, Higgs-portal cross sections, and present-day annihilation are computed privately in the paper, with no FeynRules/CalcHEP files or micrOMEGAs port released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet U(1) (B-L)_3 scalar sector (S, P, Z' with third-generation charges, h/H mixing) in FeynRules and export to micrOMEGAs, which treats coannihilation automatically; validate against the paper's relic curves at the benchmark splitting m_P - m_S = 0.01 m_S.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_14882_light_2hdm_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light two-Higgs-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14882", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model implementation exists for the light-2HDM plus real scalar S plus Z2-odd fermion dark matter Lagrangian in any public relic-density framework, so the resonant (m_H ~ 2 m_DM) and forbidden (m_H < m_DM) freeze-out branches cannot be scanned with proper thermal averaging near the resonance.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the alignment-limit 2HDM with the mixed S-H light scalar and Y_chi, Y_l couplings, and run micrOMEGAs (or MadDM) relic scans over the resonant and forbidden branches, including the neglected H-prime state as a cross-check.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17171_type_x_2hdm_secluded_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Type-X 2HDM secluded Dirac-fermion dark sector", "family": "secluded_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17171", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the secluded-sector coupled Boltzmann system (dark-sector temperature T_D plus DM and mediator number densities) for this Type-X portal EFT, including the fast-expanding cosmology option (n=1, T_r); the paper's solver is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the four-Fermi portal and dark-sector conversion operators as a micrOMEGAs model with its two-temperature dark-sector evolution, adding a user-defined H(T) for the fast-expanding branch, and validate against the paper's n=0 and n=1 benchmark plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_13397_local_b_l_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-and-lepton-number Majorana dark matter", "family": "gauged_baryon_lepton_majorana_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13397", "score": 17.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented numerical relic-density calculation for the Majorana anomaly-canceling fermion: annihilation channels are listed as unknown and only a compact v_B < multi-TeV bound is quoted, with no model file in any freeze-out code.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file for the local U(1)_B x U(1)_L Lagrangian (Z_B, Z_L, S_B, S_L, anomaly-canceling fermions) and run micrOMEGAs or MadDM to compute Omega_DM h^2 across (M_DM, v_B, g_B), replacing the quoted scale bound with an explicit freeze-out scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1306_4677_heavy_zprime_effective_dirac_netdm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-Z' effective Dirac-fermion NETDM", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1306.4677", "score": 16.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented Boltzmann solve exists for UV freeze-in of Dirac fermion dark matter through the (f gamma_mu f)(chi gamma^mu chi)/Lambda^2 contact operator with explicit reheating-temperature dependence; the route currently relies on the source paper's analytic scaling only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the four-fermion vector operator in a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file and run it through the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module with reheating temperature T_RH as an input, or code the single-species yield ODE dY/dx with the analytic collision term directly, validating against the paper's Lambda/T_RH ~ 10^3-10^5 band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07987_asymmetric_inelastic_dark_qed_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric inelastic dark QED with dark muonium", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07987", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public event-generator implementation exists for the dark-QED darkonium benchmark: there is no UFO/FeynRules model with the off-diagonal e_D-mu_D dark-photon current and Higgs portal, and no calculator for dark muonium formation and cascade branching fractions in Higgs decays.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO model of the two-fermion U(1)_D sector with Higgs portal, compute darkonium formation and cascade branching fractions with standard positronium-like NRQED formulae, and implement the decay chain in Pythia's hidden-valley machinery so MadGraph+Pythia can generate Higgs -> Mu_D + A_prime events.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_03837_u1x_dark_photon_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "keV U(1)_X dark photon dark matter subcomponent", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03837", "score": 14.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver is identified for the coupled two-species hidden-sector Boltzmann system (dark photon plus millicharged fermion with hidden-sector temperature evolution) needed to compute the dark-photon freeze-in relic fraction f_Zp and its lifetime; the paper's benchmark calculation is not released and the card has no computational representation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled number-density and hidden-temperature Boltzmann equations for (M_Zp, m_chi, g_X, epsilon, delta) in a freeze-in framework such as micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or a standalone code, validated against the paper's benchmarks including the f_Zp <= 0.05 ceiling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_1046838_pure_higgsino_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 1046838: pure higgsino", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 14, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider-evaluation chain for this benchmark is not publicly reusable: the paper-era ATLAS 7/8 TeV search selections were implemented in private author code on top of PYTHIA/PGS, and the modified SUSY-HIT decay setup is likewise not released, so the collider observable for the 1 TeV higgsino with 1.7 TeV sfermions cannot be re-run from the card's resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the benchmark point from its published SLHA spectrum with public SOFTSUSY plus SUSY-HIT and evaluate it in a public recasting framework (CheckMATE, MadAnalysis 5, or SModelS) that implements both the paper-era and current LHC electroweakino searches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_02057_one_component_nonthermal_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "One-component non-thermal flavon portal dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02057", "score": 13, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes the out-of-equilibrium flavon yield combining UV freeze-in from the SM bath with thermal-correction-driven flavon field oscillations, followed by decay into FN-charged dark fermions; the paper's yield formulas exist only as private calculations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the flavon-SM freeze-in collision terms and the coherent-oscillation yield in a coupled Boltzmann code, either by extending the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module with the FN-suppressed operators or as a standalone yield solver parameterized by (T_R, m_phi, Lambda, Q_FN^DM), validated against the paper's relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_06320_stable_light_fermion_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stable light fermion Higgs-portal dark matter in the five-dimensional weak-scale framework", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06320", "score": 10, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical relic-abundance calculation exists for the stable N1 fermion under a low reheating temperature: the freeze-in tail from the SM bath and the near-equilibrium boundary are handled by rough analytic estimates rather than a Boltzmann solver with a truncated/reheating-modified thermal history.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Higgs-portal Yukawa model in micrOMEGAs' freeze-in machinery extended with a low-T_reh reheating history (or a standalone Boltzmann code tracking the inflaton-dominated era), and map the (m_N1, Y, T_reh) region that avoids overclosure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_13272_spinhalf_relativistic_decay_dm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Spin-1/2 relativistic-decay dark matter EFT", "family": "nonthermal_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.13272", "score": 10.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the model's injection history: a heavy fermionic companion decaying via the dimension-five dipole operator to a massive spin-1/2 daughter that is relativistic at injection (redshifting from radiation-like to matter-like) together with the accompanying photon energy injection, so Delta N_eff, the H0 shift, and the free-streaming transfer function cannot be computed precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS's dcdm/dr module to a two-body decay with a massive daughter evolved as an NCDM species with the delta-function decay phase-space distribution (following existing DM-to-DM+DR modified-CLASS implementations), and couple the photon branch to ExoCLASS/DarkAges-style energy-injection treatment for BBN and CMB consistency.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_hidden_fermion_decay_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky inflaton-decay hidden Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The order-10^7 GeV abundance target rests on analytic order-of-magnitude estimates of scalaron branching during Starobinsky reheating; no numerical reheating solver computes the fermion yield including the xi_h-dependent visible branching and the full scalaron decay history, so the viable mass band cannot be delineated precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Starobinsky-reheating Boltzmann solver evolving the scalaron, radiation, and hidden-fermion number densities with the paper's partial widths (a small extension of existing inflaton-reheating dark-matter production codes), outputting Omega_X h^2 over the (m_X, xi_h) plane with a simple Planck-abundance likelihood on top.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_03765_model_a_multicomponent_radiative_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Model A multicomponent radiative-seesaw dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.03765", "score": 7.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculation pipeline exists for the monochromatic neutrino line from multicomponent semi-annihilation: the neutrino spectrum, halo annihilation rate, and solar capture of the multiple components are not implemented in any public capture/flux code.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the semi-annihilation neutrino-line energy and rate from the lambda_7 and Yukawa couplings, then extend a solar-capture/propagation chain (e.g. Capt'n General plus WimpSim/nusigma or DarkSUSY's neutrino routines) to multicomponent capture and semi-annihilation final states, comparing to IceCube/Super-K line searches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_05868_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal Dirac fermion thermal freeze-out dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05868", "score": 7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No relic-density solver implementation exists for the Z_2-stabilized Dirac fermion coupled to a neutrinophilic scalar mediator: computational_representation is null, no associated code is identified, and con_freezeout_relic_target has likelihood_available: no with recasting needed, so step s2 cannot go beyond the paper's analytic heavy-mediator freeze-out formula.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Dirac-fermion-plus-neutrinophilic-scalar Lagrangian in FeynRules/CalcHEP and compute the relic density with micrOMEGAs or MadDM, validating against the paper's Planck relic target curve and then extending beyond the m_phi > m_DM and single-flavor-coupling assumptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_09106_bottom_loop_composite_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bottom-loop composite pNGB dark matter", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.09106", "score": 5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the bottom-loop composite pNGB EFT (derivative Higgs portal plus suppressed non-derivative portal and bottom contact interaction) exists in a standard toolchain, so relic density, direct-detection, and indirect-detection predictions cannot be generated reproducibly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the EFT operators (derivative |H|^2-pNGB coupling c_d, bottom-induced lambda phi^2|H|^2, bottom contact term) in FeynRules, export CalcHEP model files to micrOMEGAs for relic density, sigma_SI, BR(h->invisible), and annihilation spectra, then chain to public DDCalc and Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_03631_scoto_seesaw_wimp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal scoto-seesaw WIMP dark matter completion", "family": "scotogenic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.03631", "score": 4, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public model implementation of the minimal scoto-seesaw (type-I seesaw plus Z2-odd fermion f and inert doublet eta) exists for relic-density and direct-detection codes, so the WIMP-nucleon cross section and thermal abundance cannot be computed for either the scalar or fermion lightest-odd-state branch.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/SARAH model file for the scoto-seesaw Lagrangian (Y_f L eta* f, M_f, lambda_3-lambda_5 potential terms), export to micrOMEGAs for freeze-out relic density and to DDCalc for the XENON1T-style spin-independent recoil likelihood, covering both scalar (eta_R/eta_I) and fermion (f-nu_R mixed) dark-matter branches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 5, "rank_structure_formation": 13}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 168, "n_models": 165, "weight": 3943.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 19, "weight_structure_formation": 512.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 129, "blocks_key_observables": 34, "minor": 5}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 79, "small": 86, "large": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "1911_03398_resonant_sterile_neutrino_nonstandard_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter in non-standard pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03398", "score": 41, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray line and DEBRA diffuse-background decay limits are available only as published exclusion curves for the standard-cosmology relic density; no packaged likelihood exists that rescales the bounds by the model's cosmology-dependent sterile density Omega_s/Omega_DM across targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published X-ray (galaxy, cluster, blank-sky) and DEBRA limits into a single interpolable likelihood in (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) with an explicit linear rescaling by the produced density fraction, documenting target column-density assumptions so bounds update consistently as production changes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_07926_electrically_charged_champ_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electrically charged massive particle dark matter", "family": "charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.07926", "score": 38.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Terrestrial, heavy-isotope, cosmic-ray, and millicharged-particle bounds on charged relics are only summarized from prior literature; no reusable likelihood or recast exists, and the cosmic-ray bounds rest on Galactic-inflow and magnetic-expulsion assumptions that are not modeled.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive a recast module mapping (m_Ch, q_Ch, local CHAMP flux) to heavy-isotope search and cosmic-ray detector exclusion curves, explicitly parameterizing the Galactic magnetic-expulsion suppression of the local charged-relic density, and publish it as tabulated exclusion likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03308_wimpflation_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "WIMPflation stable inflaton dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03308", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled joint likelihood connects the shared parameter space to both Planck slow-roll observables and xenon direct-detection limits; each constraint is only quoted as literature exclusion statements (likelihood_available: no on all three constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Higgs-portal scalar in DDCalc/micrOMEGAs for sigma_SI limits and combine with the Planck n_s-r contours in a single scan over (potential parameters, m_phi, lambda_phiH), reproducing the quoted m_phi > 900 GeV bound as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_00568_inverse_seesaw_b_l_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L inverse-seesaw Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.00568", "score": 37.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No joint likelihood exists combining the Planck relic-density target, XENON1T/PandaX-II direct detection, LEP/LHC dilepton bounds, and the (g-2)_mu preference; the card explicitly notes the constraints are scan-plot overlays with the 2018 collider curves possibly superseded.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a combined likelihood using DDCalc for XENON1T/PandaX (updatable to current xenon exposures), a ZPEED-style LHC dilepton likelihood evaluated with B-L charges, the LEP contact-interaction bound, a Planck relic-density Gaussian, and the (g-2)_mu band, packaged for global scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04168_visible_sterile_neutrino_low_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Visible sterile-neutrino dark matter in low-reheating pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04168", "score": 36.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological bounds are applied only as figure-level regions: no machine-readable likelihood exists for the BBN N_eff < 3.4 constraint evaluated with the LRT nonthermal sterile distribution, nor for X-ray/decay-photon limits rescaled to the suppressed LRT relic abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the X-ray/decay bound curves, implement the abundance rescaling Omega_s(m_s, theta, T_RH)/Omega_DM against them, and compute N_eff at BBN from the LRT f_s(p) coupled to a BBN code (e.g. PRIMAT or AlterBBN), packaging both as importable likelihood modules.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_02338_pseudoscalar_hidden_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-scalar mediator dark matter with hidden neutrinos", "family": "interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02338", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled CMB+LSS likelihood pipeline exists for constraining this model's enhanced dark-acoustic-oscillation features; existing interacting-DM DAO limits are not a one-to-one likelihood for the pseudoscalar hidden-neutrino benchmark and the card marks recasting as needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Once a Boltzmann implementation exists (gap_1), wire it into a Cobaya/MontePython pipeline with Planck TT,TE,EE+lensing and BAO/LSS likelihoods, adding the model's DAO-scale and interacting-fraction parameters, and recast the existing interacting-DM DAO constraints onto this parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_01670_lrs_su2r_quintuplet_bl0_singlet_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric SU(2)_R quintuplet dark matter with B-L=0 and singlet scalar", "family": "left_right_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01670", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the relic-density constraint or for the H_1 diphoton/di-Higgs collider comparison; the paper's exclusions are benchmark-plot comparisons that must be re-derived point by point.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the model-implementation output in a Planck relic-density Gaussian likelihood and run the loop-induced H_1 couplings through HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (or equivalent diphoton/di-Higgs recast) to obtain a reusable joint constraint surface over (M_DM, M_H1, lambda, M_W_R).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_01670_lrs_su2r_quintuplet_bl4_singlet_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric SU(2)_R quintuplet dark matter with B-L=4 and singlet scalar", "family": "left_right_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01670", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Z_R-mediated direct-detection constraint (LUX contour, most significant for this maximal B-L case) exists only as an approximate figure-level bound, and no reusable likelihood exists for the relic density or the H_1 diphoton/di-Higgs collider comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the Z_R-exchange nucleon cross section for B-L=4 in the model implementation and evaluate it with a modern direct-detection likelihood (e.g. DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT superseding LUX), add a Planck relic-density Gaussian likelihood, and recast the loop-induced H_1 couplings through HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals to produce a joint (M_DM, M_Z_R, M_W_R, lambda) constraint surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_02802_mssm_bino_slepton_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-slepton coannihilation dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.02802", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists for the constraints this card depends on (Xenon-1T spin-independent scattering, the muon g-2 window, and LHC compressed slepton/electroweakino searches); all three are marked likelihood_available: approximate with recasting_needed, so the relic strip cannot be statistically scanned end to end.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a reproducible pipeline coupling a spectrum generator to micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 and sigma_SI, GM2Calc for Delta a_mu, DDCalc for the Xenon-1T likelihood, and SModelS/CheckMATE recasts of the ATLAS/CMS compressed slepton searches, packaged as a joint likelihood over (M1, m_slepton, mu, tan_beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_02802_mssm_bino_wino_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-wino coannihilation dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.02802", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists for the card's constraints (Xenon-1T scattering, muon g-2 window, and CMS/ATLAS compressed electroweakino searches whose quoted 195 GeV limit holds only for Delta m = 20 GeV under specific off-shell decay assumptions); all are marked likelihood_available: approximate with recasting needed, so the compressed bino-wino strip cannot be scanned statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint-likelihood pipeline over (M1, M2, Delta m, mu, tan_beta): spectrum generator plus micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 and sigma_SI, GM2Calc for Delta a_mu, DDCalc for Xenon-1T, and a CheckMATE/SModelS recast of the compressed-spectrum soft-lepton electroweakino searches that generalizes the CMS limit away from the Delta m = 20 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_01082_gmsugra_dfsz_axino_lsp_bino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "GmSUGRA DFSZ axino LSP with long-lived bino NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.01082", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN constraint on late bino-to-axino decays is only qualitative in the card: no pipeline maps the neutralino freeze-out abundance, lifetime, and electromagnetic/hadronic decay products onto light-element-yield limits, and the numerical BBN bounds were never recast for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the electromagnetic (and any hadronic) injection spectrum from chi10 -> axino + gamma and feed (Omega_chi h^2, tau_chi, injected energy) into a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN to derive light-element constraints across the f_a/N-lifetime plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17238_majorana_fimp_scalar_parent_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Majorana FIMP dark matter with charged scalar parent during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17238", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "LLP exclusions for the SM-charged scalar parent decaying to chi plus a right-handed lepton are not packaged: published heavy-stable-charged-particle and displaced-vertex searches must be recast with model-specific production cross sections and detector acceptances not encoded in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the charged scalar parent in an existing LLP recast framework (e.g. the LLP Recasting Repository or SModelS displaced/HSCP results) for the muonphilic benchmark, producing exclusion contours in the (m_P, c tau_P) plane that can be overlaid on the relic-density-required decay lengths per reheating history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_09726_scotogenic_scalar_doublet_emd_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter in early matter domination", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09726", "score": 35.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No usable likelihood or maintained recast pipeline exists for the direct-detection constraint: the card lists likelihood_available as partial with recasting_needed yes, and the quoted LUX/PandaX-II/XENON1T limits predate current LZ/XENONnT sensitivity.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the sigma_SI(lambda_L, M_DM) prediction from micrOMEGAs in a limit-comparison pipeline using current LZ/XENONnT published exclusion curves (e.g. via DDCalc or the experiments' released limit tables), including relic-fraction rescaling for subcomponent benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1309_1934_dbi_galileon_thermal_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "DBI Galileon reheating thermal gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1309.1934", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the joint relic-density, tensor-to-scalar, and BBN/reheating consistency check: con_relic_reheating_planck is only approximate and con_bbn_reheating_gravitino requires recasting unstable-gravitino BBN limits onto this stable light-gravitino benchmark with its specific superpartner spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast module that evaluates (m_3/2, T_R, r_*, M_i) against the Planck relic-density value, the Planck/BICEP tensor likelihood, and re-derived reheating-temperature bounds for a stable gravitino with the benchmark spectrum, replacing the blind application of unstable-gravitino BBN limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_01670_lrs_su2r_quintuplet_bl2_singlet_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric SU(2)_R quintuplet dark matter with B-L=2 and singlet scalar", "family": "left_right_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01670", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the relic-density bands, the LUX Z_R-exchange direct-detection contour (only approximate and charge-assignment dependent on the card), or the H_1 diphoton/di-Higgs collider comparison; exclusions are benchmark-plot level.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the Z_R-mediated nucleon cross section for the B-L=2 assignment in the model implementation, run it through a modern direct-detection likelihood (e.g. DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT in place of LUX), add a Planck relic-density Gaussian likelihood, and recast H_1 loop-induced couplings with HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals to obtain a joint constraint surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_08266_singlet_doublet_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Radiative Dirac seesaw singlet-doublet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08266", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood machinery is attached to any of the three observables: the direct-detection likelihood is unavailable, the Planck/forecast N_eff likelihood was not rerun, and no modern electroweak global fit was performed, so the viable region is defined only by digitized curve overlays and the source-era CDF-II target.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the micrOMEGAs output into DDCalc for xenon-experiment spin-independent likelihoods, evaluate Delta N_eff against the Planck 2018+BAO likelihood (and SPT-3G/CMB-S4 forecast Fisher likelihoods) in cobaya/MontePython, and rerun the S,T fit with a current post-CDF electroweak dataset in HEPfit for a joint statistical scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_4007_supersymmetric_two_component_radiative_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric radiative-neutrino two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.4007", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No two-component direct-detection recast pipeline exists that rescales the neutralino-nucleon rate by its relic fraction Omega_chi/Omega_DM and applies modern xenon-era likelihoods; only CDMSII/XENON100-era comparisons are in the source.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap DDCalc (or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module) with a fraction-rescaled local density xi = Omega_chi/Omega_DM and apply current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods to the benchmark neutralino cross sections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09726_scotogenic_scalar_doublet_feu_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter in a fast-expanding universe", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09726", "score": 33.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No usable likelihood or maintained recast pipeline exists for the direct-detection constraint: the card lists likelihood_available as partial with recasting_needed yes, and the quoted LUX/PandaX-II/XENON1T limits predate current LZ/XENONnT sensitivity.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the sigma_SI(lambda_L, M_DM) prediction from micrOMEGAs in a limit-comparison pipeline using current LZ/XENONnT published exclusion curves (e.g. via DDCalc or the experiments' released limit tables), including relic-fraction rescaling for subcomponent benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_2555_minimal_pq_nmssm_singlino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal PQ-NMSSM light singlino LSP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2555", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "All constraints on the card are 2012-era statements without likelihoods: XENON100 SI limits, LHC Higgs-era invisible-width bounds, and an approximate overclosure screening; no modern combined likelihood exists for the light-singlino region.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a modern likelihood from the ATLAS/CMS Run-2 Higgs invisible-branching combination (via Lilith/HiggsTools), DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT SI likelihoods including the sub-m_h/2 mass range, and the Planck 2018 relic-density interval.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_0285_nonthermal_higgsino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "nonthermal pure higgsino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_higgsino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.0285", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern direct-detection recast exists for this model point set: the card carries only the primary-paper sigma_SI estimate for the pure neutral higgsino, with no loop-level cross-section implementation and no current-experiment likelihood (likelihood_available is unknown, recasting_needed is yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the loop-level pure-higgsino spin-independent cross section (electroweak two-loop results available in the literature) in micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY, then confront it with the public LZ/XENONnT likelihoods to replace the dated primary-paper comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1203_0285_nonthermal_higgsino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "nonthermal pure higgsino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_higgsino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.0285", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The central viability constraint (BBN plus leptogenesis plus relic-density consistency for heavy gravitino decay) has no packaged likelihood: the paper-level allowed regions in (m_G, T_RH, m_higgsino, m_tilde_1) were derived with hadronic/electromagnetic injection limits that are not available as a reusable public evaluation.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the gravitino-decay energy-injection constraint using a public BBN injection code (e.g. extend ACROPOLIS to the relevant heavy-gravitino hadronic branching ratios or tabulate the Kawasaki-Moroi-type bounds) and package it with the analytic abundance formulas as a joint scan likelihood over (m_G, T_RH, m_LSP).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1203_0285_nonthermal_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "nonthermal pure wino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.0285", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern direct-detection recast exists for this model point set: the card carries only the primary-paper sigma_SI estimate for the pure neutral wino, whose scattering is loop-dominated, with no loop-level cross-section implementation and no current-experiment likelihood (likelihood_available is unknown, recasting_needed is yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the loop-level pure-wino spin-independent cross section (electroweak two-loop results available in the literature) in micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY, then confront it with the public LZ/XENONnT likelihoods to replace the dated primary-paper comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1203_0285_nonthermal_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "nonthermal pure wino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.0285", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The central viability constraint (BBN plus leptogenesis plus relic-density consistency for heavy gravitino decay) has no packaged likelihood: the paper-level allowed regions in (m_G, T_RH, m_wino, m_tilde_1) were derived with hadronic/electromagnetic injection limits that are not available as a reusable public evaluation.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the gravitino-decay energy-injection constraint using a public BBN injection code (e.g. extend ACROPOLIS to the relevant heavy-gravitino hadronic branching ratios or tabulate the Kawasaki-Moroi-type bounds) and package it with the analytic abundance formulas as a joint scan likelihood over (m_G, T_RH, m_LSP).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_neutrinophilic_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a neutrinophilic vector mediator", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Constraints and projections on the neutrinophilic vector (Higgs/Z/W invisible-width bounds, BBN/SN1987A limits, and DUNE-like mono-neutrino projections) are not packaged as recastable likelihoods in the (m_V, lambda) plane for overlaying relic-density target curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the invisible-width, BBN/SN1987A, and DUNE mono-neutrino exclusion/projection curves into a (m_V, lambda) constraint module the route can query, following the primary paper's overlay figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_08249_inverse_seesaw_kev_neutrino_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale inverse-seesaw keV sterile-neutrino freeze-in model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08249", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No ready-to-use X-ray line likelihood recast exists for this model: NuSTAR Galactic-bulge and XMM-Newton blank-sky limits are published as exclusion curves in the sin^2(2theta) convention, but the pipeline mapping the inverse-seesaw |U_4| and the freeze-in relic fraction onto those curves has not been implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a recast layer that converts |U_4| to sin^2(2theta), rescales the line flux by the model's sterile-neutrino fraction of dark matter, and interpolates the published NuSTAR (1908.09037) and XMM-Newton (2102.02207) limit curves as an approximate likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_16884_nmssm_95gev_higgs_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "NMSSM light neutralino LSP dark matter with a 95 GeV Higgs", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.16884", "score": 32, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No standalone combined likelihood is exported for the scenario: relic density, LZ SI/SD limits, and 95 GeV Higgs signal strengths are applied as scan-level pass/fail cuts inside NMSSMTools/micrOMEGAs/SModelS, so the benchmarks cannot be re-weighted, combined with new data, or used in global fits without redoing the scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the NMSSMTools+micrOMEGAs chain in a public global-fit framework (e.g., GAMBIT or an EasyScan-style pipeline) with proper LZ, HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds, and Planck likelihood terms, and release the scan configuration and chains.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_11230_z3_singlet_type_ii_seesaw_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 symmetric complex singlet scalar extension of type-II seesaw", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.11230", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection and LHC constraints are applied only as published limit-curve comparisons after abundance rescaling (likelihood_available no/partial); no statistical likelihood combining XENON1T/PandaX-4T with the post-dilution relic fraction and the ATLAS triplet-scalar bounds exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output, rescaled by Omega_S h^2/0.120, into DDCalc likelihoods for XENON1T/PandaX-4T (and LZ), and encode the ATLAS doubly-charged-scalar mass limits as decay-assumption-dependent hard cuts in the same scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_b_minus_l_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) B-L vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Laboratory constraints and projections on the B-L vector (Belle II, FASER/FASER2, LDMX, and existing dark-photon-style searches) are not packaged as recastable likelihoods in the (m_V, g_BL) plane for overlaying relic-density target curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the existing electron/quark-coupled B-L vector exclusion curves and the Belle II/FASER/LDMX projection curves (e.g. via a Darkcast-style recasting layer) into a (m_V, g_BL) constraint module the route can query.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0906_2595_msugra_mixed_axion_axino_v1", "model_name": "mSUGRA mixed axion/axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.2595", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN/gravitino constraint on the reheating temperature is applied only as a qualitative rule (heavy gravitino permits high T_R); no structured late-decay BBN constraint grid or likelihood is attached for the m_3/2-T_R plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published gravitino-decay BBN constraint grids (hadronic and electromagnetic injection limits as functions of m_3/2 and abundance) into a reusable T_R-m_3/2 exclusion likelihood and apply it alongside the WMAP/Planck relic-density Gaussian.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1607_00004_nonthermal_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal higgsino dark matter from late decays", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.00004", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct-detection and compressed-electroweakino collider constraints are not evaluated: sigma_SI from higgsino-gaugino mixing and monojet/disappearing-track reach are only cited from external analyses, with no likelihood or recast in place.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI(M_1, M_2, mu) with micrOMEGAs and evaluate it against LZ/XENONnT likelihoods via DDCalc; recast compressed higgsino searches (soft dilepton, monojet, disappearing track) with SModelS or CheckMATE on the MSSM-like spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_lmu_ltau_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) L_mu-L_tau vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Muon/tau-sector constraints and projections on the L_mu-L_tau vector (neutrino trident, BBN/SN1987A, SHiP, NA62, NA64-mu, M3, DUNE, displaced-decay searches) are not packaged as recastable likelihoods in the (m_V, g_mu) plane for overlaying relic-density target curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the existing L_mu-L_tau exclusion curves (trident, BBN/SN1987A) and the SHiP/NA62/NA64-mu/M3/DUNE projection curves (e.g. via a Darkcast-style recasting layer) into a (m_V, g_mu) constraint module the route can query.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_10149_resonance_enhanced_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonance-enhanced light singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.10149", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood combines the relic-density condition, the self-scattering target, the Planck f_eff sigma_v / m_chi < 4.1e-28 cm^3/s/GeV bound, and the digitized collider/direct/meson portal limits for the resonant scalar parameter space; the card's combine step imports no external limit grids.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a GAMBIT-style composite likelihood: DRAKE output for Omega h^2, the analytic Planck annihilation term with f_eff(m_chi) tables, and digitized scalar-portal limits (LZ/XENON, LHCb/NA62 meson decays, Higgs invisible width) evaluated over (m_chi, m_phi, theta, C_chi h).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_10904_sidm_dark_star_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting Dirac fermion dark matter with light scalar mediator for dark stars", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.10904", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No encoded likelihood evaluates the velocity-dependent p-wave plus Sommerfeld annihilation and the loop-suppressed pseudoscalar-coupled sigma_SI of this model against current Planck energy-injection, direct-detection, and indirect-search data; all four card constraints report likelihood_available no.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode sigma_v(v) evaluated at freeze-out, recombination, halo, and minihalo velocities into the Planck p_ann bound (with f_eff for the phi phi -> e+ e- cascade at m_phi ~ 10 MeV), compute the loop-induced spin-independent cross section for the CP-odd coupling and compare to LZ/XENONnT curves, and add mediator-coupling limits from beam-dump and rare-meson-decay data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_4094_phenomenological_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Phenomenological early decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.4094", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The published bounds (lambda_FS < ~0.5 Mpc; (M_DDM/keV * Y)^2 T_d/yr < ~5e-5) rest on WMAP7/ACBAR/SDSS-DR7-era likelihoods; no modern CMB/LSS likelihood analysis exists for this parameterization, so current constraints are outdated by over a decade of data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the Boltzmann module exists (gap_1), run MCMC constraints with Cobaya or MontePython against Planck 2018, DESI/eBOSS BAO and power-spectrum, and Pantheon+ likelihoods, reporting updated allowed regions in (T_d, mass ratio, Omega_DDM).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_05798_real_singlet_scalar_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Real singlet scalar Higgs-portal dark matter with strong electroweak phase transition", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.05798", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable direct-detection likelihood is attached for the XENON/LUX exclusion of the simultaneous DM+SFOPT region; the card records only the paper's qualitative exclusion statement, and a proper treatment must rescale sigma_SI by the singlet relic fraction for subcomponent points.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to DDCalc's XENON1T/LZ likelihoods with automatic (Omega_s/Omega_DM) rescaling, and rerun the (m_s, lambda_hs) scan to reproduce and update the source exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_2765_mu_negative_422_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "mu-negative 4-2-2 Yukawa-unified neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.2765", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern likelihood or recast exists for the mu<0 4-2-2 Yukawa-unified benchmark spectra: the WMAP-era relic/flavor/g-2 cut flow, the post-Higgs (m_h ~ 125 GeV) LHC sparticle limits, and current direct-detection limits have not been applied to this branch (all three constraints have likelihood_available=no and recasting_needed=yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the 4-2-2 scan branch with a modern spectrum generator (ISAJET or SoftSUSY with non-universal gaugino boundary conditions), then chain micrOMEGAs (relic, sigma_SI/SD against LZ/XENONnT limits), FlavBit/SuperIso (B-physics, g-2 with the current Delta a_mu value), HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (125 GeV Higgs), and SModelS/CheckMATE (LHC gluino/stau/electroweakino limits) into a composite likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_0288_inert_doublet_single_higgs_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet single-Higgs-inflation dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.0288", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Relic-density and XENON100 spin-independent constraints have only 'approximate' likelihoods with recasting_needed partial, so the 50-80 GeV light branch cannot be confronted with modern relic and direct-detection data at likelihood level.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the public micrOMEGAs inert-doublet model over the light branch and attach a Planck-2018 Gaussian relic likelihood plus DDCalc-based LZ/XENONnT spin-independent likelihoods in place of the WMAP-era band and XENON100 limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1309_5091_nmssm_neutralino_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Z3-conserving NMSSM neutralino cosmology scenario", "family": "neutralino_nmssm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1309.5091", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined collider/direct-detection/flavor filters and the Planck relic bound are applied only at source-era (2013) data versions with no packaged likelihoods (likelihood_available: no/partial); modern LZ/XENONnT, LHC Run-2/3 Higgs and sparticle, and updated flavor constraints are not wired into the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the scan with current NMSSMTools/micrOMEGAs versions, attach DDCalc or the published LZ/XENONnT likelihoods for sigma_SI (with the Omega_chi/Omega_obs rescaling the card prescribes), and apply HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals plus SModelS for the collider filters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_08778_cmssm_que_vectorlike_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM QUE 10+10 vector-like extension with neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08778", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The source MultiNest global likelihood (Higgs, flavor, LHC, relic density, muon g-2) is not exported, and the direct-detection constraint is only a source-era LUX hard cut; no likelihood incorporating modern LZ/XENONnT/PandaX limits and the updated muon g-2 value exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the global scan in a public framework (e.g. GAMBIT or a MultiNest pipeline with HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds and FlavorKit), replacing the LUX hard cut with a DDCalc-style SI likelihood using LZ/XENONnT data and the current muon g-2 world average.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00320_vector_dark_matter_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Strongly self-interacting vector dark matter via freeze-in", "family": "self_interacting_freeze_in_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.00320", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the late-decay and energy-injection constraints (BBN, CMB, AMS-02, diffuse gamma/X-ray) on the O(keV), long-lived dark Higgs h_2 with a freeze-in abundance; these constraints define the viable region but were only overlaid approximately.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a decaying-relic constraint module that takes (m_h2, tau_h2, Omega_h2) and evaluates BBN photodissociation bounds, Planck CMB energy-injection limits (via ExoCLASS/DarkAges-style deposition), and digitized AMS-02/diffuse X-ray limits as a combined likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_00117_hadronic_up_scalar_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Hadronic up-type minimal scalar FIMP freeze-in model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.00117", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LLP collider exclusion in the m_F versus c_tau_F plane is not reusable: the recast's search efficiency maps (CMS HSCP, disappearing tracks, ATLAS displaced-vertex plus MET) and hadronization assumptions are not packaged as a machine-readable likelihood for rescanning the freeze-in parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the HSCP, disappearing-track, and displaced-vertex plus MET analyses in a public recast framework (MadAnalysis 5 PAD or the LLP Recasting Repository) using the FeynRules model files, validate against the paper's published envelope, and release the efficiency maps as a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_12906_pseudo_dirac_lepton_doublet_late_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac SU(2)_L lepton-doublet dark matter with late scalar decay", "family": "electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.12906", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LZ/XENON/PandaX limits are only available as generic WIMP exclusion curves; no dedicated direct-detection likelihood or recast exists for the pseudo-Dirac case where the Z-mediated channel is inelastic and closed by the splitting Delta M and only residual Higgs-mediated scattering remains.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's effective nucleon couplings (loop-level electroweak plus Higgs exchange) in DDCalc or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module, including the inelastic kinematic threshold as a function of Delta M, and evaluate against the packaged LZ 2022 likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1465_rh_sneutrino_inverse_linear_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter in MSSM inverse/linear seesaw extensions", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1465", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern direct-detection likelihood recast exists for this model: the card compares only to historical XENON100 curves and does not handle subdominant-abundance rescaling or the keV-scale real-imaginary splitting that controls the inelastic Z-exchange channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to a public direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc with XENON1T/LZ/XENONnT data), adding Omega_snu/Omega_DM rescaling for subcomponent points and a kinematic treatment of the Delta-m-dependent inelastic scattering channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_0288_inert_doublet_multi_higgs_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet multi-Higgs-inflation dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.0288", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic-density and light-H0 exclusion constraints carry only 'approximate' likelihoods with no likelihood_reference, so the WMAP-era allowed/excluded regions cannot be recast against modern data without a dedicated likelihood layer.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the micrOMEGAs inert-doublet output in a Planck-2018 Gaussian relic-density likelihood and a modern spin-independent direct-detection likelihood via DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT), replacing the paper's WMAP-era band and XENON100-era limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_02906_so10_split_susy_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) split-SUSY neutralino dark matter with non-universal gaugino masses", "family": "neutralino_split_supersymmetry_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.02906", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison uses XENON100/LUX-era limits and a XENON1T projection (likelihood_available: partial); no current-generation xenon likelihood is wired in for the TeV higgsino strip, including the negative-mu blind-spot regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the DarkSUSY spin-independent cross sections through DDCalc with published LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, explicitly tracking the blind-spot suppression for negative mu.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10225_iss_nmssm_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "ISS-NMSSM right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10225", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's multi-observable scan likelihood (Higgs, B physics, relic density, unitarity, g-2, vacuum stability penalties) is not released as a reusable public likelihood or scan chain, and the accepted-point tables are not published, so the viable ISS-NMSSM region cannot be re-evaluated or updated without rebuilding the whole scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the scan as a GAMBIT- or EasyScan-style public chain wired to the existing SARAH/SPheno + micrOMEGAs + HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals stack, replacing the XENON1T 2018 comparison with current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods (e.g. via DDCalc) and publishing the chi2 definitions and accepted-point samples.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_07920_bl_2hdm_right_handed_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L two-Higgs-doublet thermal right-handed neutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.07920", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No xenon direct-detection likelihood implements the model's velocity-suppressed nonstandard nonrelativistic operator from Z-prime exchange; the paper warns conventional SI/SD cross-section limits cannot be applied to the leading operator.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the NR-EFT operator coefficients from the Z-prime interaction, implement them in DirectDM/DDCalc (or micrOMEGAs' NR-operator module) with XENON1T/XENONnT exposure and efficiency, and validate against the paper's statement that limits bite only for g_X greater than about 1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_higgs_portal_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal dark matter from relativistic bubble expansion", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is recast-required but unbuilt: no likelihood evaluation of the Higgs-mediated spin-independent cross section for the heavy bubble-produced scalar exists that includes the local-density rescaling to the bubble-plus-freeze-out abundance (likelihood_available unknown, applies recast_required).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the tree-level Higgs-exchange nucleon cross section from lambda_hchi and M_chi, rescale by the computed Omega_chi/Omega_DM at each parameter point, and evaluate against current LZ/XENONnT limits via a public likelihood package such as DDCalc.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_singlet_portal_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-portal dark matter from bubble-wall production", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The direct-detection constraint on the card applies to the thermal singlet scalar, not to the added stable singlet-portal DM state; no recast exists that maps published nuclear-recoil likelihoods onto the (M_chi, lambda_schi, lambda_hs) parameters of the wall-produced candidate, and the relic contour comparison has no released likelihood (likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-induced DM-nucleon cross section for the stable singlet-portal state through the s/Higgs portal chain, implement the model in micrOMEGAs or a direct-detection recast package, and evaluate it against public LZ/XENONnT likelihoods; publish the relic contours as a simple chi-square against the Planck Omega_DM h^2 target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_15118_z8_hybrid_scotogenic_type_ii_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z8 hybrid scotogenic/type-II seesaw scalar dark matter model", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.15118", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No joint statistical pipeline exists combining the Planck relic-density target, the LZ spin-independent limit, LEP Z-width, LHC Higgs invisible/diphoton data, and MEG/MEG II cLFV bounds for this model; the source applies constraints as sequential pass/fail cuts on scan points rather than a likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a GAMBIT-style or standalone composite likelihood using DDCalc for the LZ limit, HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals for the Higgs sector, the LEP Z-width measurement, and published cLFV limits, taking sigma_SI, branching ratios, and Omega h^2 from the gap_1 model implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_electric_dipole_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Electric-dipole freeze-in fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Neither the reheating-dependent relic-density constraint nor the RG/HB stellar bound is available as a packaged likelihood; only figure-level exclusion curves exist, so combined parameter-space scans can only use digitized hard cuts.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the primary and rel_1908_00553 exclusion curves as interpolable likelihood surfaces in (d_chi, m_chi, T_R), with the stellar bound expressed as a dark-luminosity limit so it can be re-evaluated when stellar modeling improves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_magnetic_dipole_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Magnetic-dipole freeze-in fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Neither the reheating-dependent relic-density constraint nor the RG/HB stellar bound is available as a packaged likelihood; only figure-level exclusion curves exist, so combined parameter-space scans can only use digitized hard cuts.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the primary and rel_1908_00553 exclusion curves as interpolable likelihood surfaces in (mu_chi, m_chi, T_R), with the stellar bound expressed as a dark-luminosity limit so it can be re-evaluated when stellar modeling improves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_18122_conformal_su2x_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant SU(2)_X vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.18122", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No bundled likelihood exists for the direct-detection relic line: the card marks likelihood_available unknown and recasting partial, with the primary paper's exclusion curve used only as evidence, so the relic-abundance and sigma_SI constraints cannot be evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the model (CalcHEP/FeynRules model files) in micrOMEGAs to compute Omega_X h^2 including semiannihilation and sigma_SI, then couple to DDCalc for current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods; validate against the primary x_f ~ 25-26 relation and the published direct-detection benchmark curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_6669_scalar_field_udm_fast_transition_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-field unified dark matter model with fast transition", "family": "unified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6669", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline confronts the model with data: the sound-speed viability constraint has likelihood_available: no, and the ISW/CMB-galaxy cross-correlation channel relies on WMAP-era context with no modern cross-correlation likelihood applied to UDM parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the Boltzmann module exists, wire it into a Cobaya/MontePython run against Planck CMB, a matter-power/weak-lensing likelihood, and a published ISW-galaxy cross-correlation likelihood to constrain (beta, z_t, c_s^2) directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_4770_no_scale_neutralino_lsp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "No-scale supergravity neutralino LSP dark matter framework", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.4770", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider/Higgs/flavor and relic constraints on the strips exist only as figure contours from the 2013-era analysis (likelihood_available 'no', recasting_needed 'yes'); no current likelihood combining Run-2/Run-3 LHC limits, Planck 2018 relic density, and direct-detection bounds is attached to the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the constraint overlay with modern public tooling: SModelS or CheckMATE for LHC sparticle limits, HiggsSignals for m_H, micrOMEGAs with DDCalc for relic density and direct detection, driven by a scan framework such as GAMBIT over (m_1/2, M_in, tan_beta, lambda).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_05511_hybrid_mediation_mixed_axion_wino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid mediation mixed axion-wino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.05511", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The fraction-rescaled direct-detection check uses only the LUX bound cited by the source with no likelihood evaluation; no recast against current xenon likelihoods exists for the scan points, so which mixed wino-Higgsino compositions survive today is undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI for the SPheno/micrOMEGAs scan points, apply the Omega_w/Omega_DM local-fraction rescaling, and evaluate against current xenon-experiment likelihoods via DDCalc (LZ and XENONnT implementations), propagating the assumption that the local wino fraction tracks the cosmological one.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_03670_dark_photon_freeze_in_emd_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon freeze-in Dirac fermion dark matter during early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.03670", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Dark-photon laboratory constraints on the EMD relic-density benchmarks exist only as digitized exclusion curves; no machine-readable likelihood with experiment-specific acceptances for the paper's mass hierarchies (M_Aprime = 10 m_chi, 5 m_chi/3) is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer on top of Darkcast/published fixed-target and collider dark-photon limits that rescales visible-search reach for the model's invisible branching (A_prime -> chi chi open above threshold) and exports epsilon-M_Aprime exclusion likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_03721_dirac_scotogenic_singlet_doublet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dirac-scotogenic singlet-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.03721", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood is packaged for any of the model's constraints: the relic-density comparison is a point target (likelihood_available: no), the XENONnT/LZ comparison is only partial and needs recasting, and no combined likelihood exists for the correlated relic + direct-detection + g-2 + N_eff scan the model's phenomenology relies on.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood in a global-fit framework such as GAMBIT: Planck Omega h^2 as a Gaussian, public XENONnT/LZ SI likelihoods (e.g. via DDCalc), and the standard muon g-2 and LFV likelihood terms, wired to the model implementation from gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_complex_scalar_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex scalar singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is assembled for the loop-induced scattering rate: the paper only compares to compiled exclusion curves, and no pipeline connects the model's Wilson coefficients to current (LZ/XENONnT) or future (DARWIN) detector likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the matched Wilson coefficients into DDCalc or obscura to evaluate published LZ/XENONnT likelihoods and DARWIN projections over the scan range (M_DM 10-1e5 GeV, M_med 100-1e5 GeV, couplings 1e-3 to 4), intersected with the micrOMEGAs relic contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_02033_z4_loop_suppression_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z4 sequential loop-suppression inert scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.02033", "score": 25.3, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is attached to the model: the XENON1T-like SI bound is invoked only as a figure-level limit, with no coupling of the model's Higgs-mediated sigma_SI to a detector likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the micrOMEGAs-computed sigma_SI into DDCalc (or an equivalent public XENON1T/LZ likelihood) with halo-fraction rescaling f = Omega_phi/Omega_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0801_3470_chilled_sterile_neutrino_out_of_equilibrium_decay_v1", "model_name": "Chilled sterile neutrino dark matter from out-of-equilibrium singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.3470", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray decay-line likelihood is attached to the model: radiative-decay bounds on the active-sterile mixing angle are discussed only qualitatively, and the mixing is a separate parameter not fixed by the production coupling f.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR keV line-search limits into a reusable likelihood on the (m_N, sin^2 2theta) plane assuming the sterile neutrino carries the full relic abundance from out-of-equilibrium singlet decays.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_2219_reannihilating_higgsino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Re-annihilating Higgsino-like neutralino from DFSZ axino decay", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2219", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Higgsino-like LSP direct-detection prediction (sigma_chiN above about 1e-45 cm^2) has not been recast against any modern direct-detection likelihood; the card records likelihood_available unknown/no and no applied LUX/XENON/LZ limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_chiN over the neutralino composition space with micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY and confront it with current LZ/XENONnT exclusion likelihoods via DDCalc, including rescaling for any subdominant relic fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_6256_goldstone_remnant_z2_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Remnant-Z2 Majorana dark matter with Goldstone dark radiation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6256", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or recast is implemented for the scalar-mixing-induced sigma_SI: the LUX/XENON constraint is recorded with likelihood_available=no and recasting_needed=yes, and no updated LZ/XENONnT limits have been applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from the two-scalar-exchange amplitude with mixing angle theta and evaluate it in DDCalc (or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module) against published LZ and XENONnT likelihoods, including the relic-abundance rescaling assumption recorded in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1211_0503_anapole_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Anapole dark matter", "family": "electromagnetic_form_factor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.0503", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current-generation direct-detection likelihood recast exists for the anapole operator: the velocity- and momentum-dependent recoil spectrum has only been compared to paper-era XENON100 limits, not to XENONnT/LZ/PandaX data, and cannot be treated with spin-independent contact-limit tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the anapole operator onto the non-relativistic EFT basis (O8/O9) with DirectDM-style matching and evaluate the recoil spectrum against current xenon-experiment likelihoods in a public tool such as WimPyDD or DDCalc, scanning the relic-density-matched (m_chi, g/Lambda^2) curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0801_3470_chilled_sterile_neutrino_equilibrium_decay_v1", "model_name": "Chilled sterile neutrino dark matter from in-equilibrium singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.3470", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray decay-line likelihood is attached to the model: the radiative-decay bound on the active-sterile mixing angle is discussed only qualitatively, and the mixing is a separate parameter not fixed by the production coupling f.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR keV line-search limits into a reusable likelihood on the (m_N, sin^2 2theta) plane and attach it to the card with the sterile neutrino carrying the full relic abundance from singlet decays.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_5105_secluded_u1_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Secluded U(1)' neutralino dark matter benchmarks", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5105", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern combined likelihood (Planck relic density plus current LZ/XENONnT spin-independent limits) has been applied to the WMAP-era benchmarks; the direct-detection statement is only a qualitative transfer from a later secluded U(1)' scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Once model files exist, chain micrOMEGAs output through DDCalc with current xenon-experiment likelihoods and a Planck Omega h^2 Gaussian to produce quantitative allowed regions for the benchmark family.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_0835_fsu5_nonuniversal_higgs_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) non-universal-Higgs neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0835", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection constraints rest on a CDMS-II-era comparison from a related flipped-SU(5) paper; no modern spin-independent or spin-dependent likelihood (LZ, XENONnT, PandaX-4T) has been evaluated for this variant's sigma_SI and sigma_SD.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI and sigma_SD along the scan with DarkSUSY or micrOMEGAs and evaluate current exclusion likelihoods through DDCalc, applying the DarkSUSY-style local-density rescaling for underabundant points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_0835_fsu5_uh_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5)-UH neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0835", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection constraints rest on a CDMS-II-era comparison from a related flipped-SU(5) paper; no modern spin-independent or spin-dependent likelihood (LZ, XENONnT, PandaX-4T) has been evaluated for this variant's sigma_SI and sigma_SD.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI and sigma_SD along the scan with DarkSUSY or micrOMEGAs and evaluate current exclusion likelihoods through DDCalc, applying the DarkSUSY-style local-density rescaling for underabundant points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_6229_unbroken_u1x_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Unbroken local U(1)_X scalar dark matter model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6229", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-usable direct-detection likelihood exists for scalar X: the only bound is a figure-level XENON100 (225 live days) exclusion with likelihood_available: no, and the combined Higgs-portal plus kinetic-mixing recoil rate has not been implemented against any current xenon exposure.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-X spin-independent cross section (separate lambda_HX Higgs-exchange and epsilon-induced photon/Z-exchange terms) in DDCalc or micrOMEGAs and evaluate it against current LZ/XENONnT/PandaX likelihoods, replacing the obsolete XENON100 figure-level bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_04311_z2_fermion_dark_u1_bound_states_v1", "model_name": "Z2 fermion dark matter from broken local U(1) with bound states", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04311", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection or dark-photon likelihood/recast is implemented for the model's portal parameter space: the card marks likelihood_available no and the recast step requires external experimental limits that have not been wired to the model's sigma_SI and kinetic-mixing predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the paper's sigma_SI formula into DDCalc/micrOMEGAs direct-detection limit tables (LZ/XENONnT) and overlay published dark-photon epsilon vs m_gamma_prime exclusion compilations, exposing the combined allowed region over (lambda_H, epsilon, m_R, m_gamma_prime, y).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_13401_scoto_seesaw_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar WIMP dark matter in the simplest scoto-seesaw model", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.13401", "score": 24.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The registry route applies only the Planck relic band as a likelihood; the XENON1T spin-independent limit used to cut the eta_R parameter space was not digitized or rerun (card: likelihood_available 'no', 'XENON1T curve not included'), so direct-detection viability of scan points cannot be re-evaluated or updated to newer exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to the public DDCalc likelihood package (which ships XENON1T and successor LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) inside the scan loop, so the direct-detection constraint becomes a proper reproducible likelihood rather than a digitized curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11556_dark_loops_model_5_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark Loops Model 5 scalar-singlet dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.11556", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable combined likelihood or scan-point release exists for the joint flavor + relic + direct-detection + collider constraint region; the card records likelihood_available: no and that no scan points were recovered, so the allowed region can only be read off the paper's figures.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the global scan with public components (e.g. flavio/smelli for the b -> s l+l- and g-2 likelihood, micrOMEGAs for relic and sigma_SI, published DD curves) and release the scan chain so the 30-350 GeV window is reproducible with post-2022 flavor averages.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_03863_nmssm_singlino_dm_benchmarks_v1", "model_name": "NMSSM singlino dark matter benchmark regions", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.03863", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level recast or likelihood exists for the compressed, lepton/tau-rich electroweakino and slepton cascade topologies of benchmarks BP1-BP4; the card notes SModelS-style simplified-model results and standard chargino/neutralino or stau searches can miss these decay chains, and likelihood_available is 'no' for the collider constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the BP1-BP4 cascade topologies in a public recast framework (CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 with the relevant ATLAS/CMS electroweakino and stau analyses), validating against the published cutflows, and expose the resulting exclusion likelihood so the NMSSMTools/micrOMEGAs scan chain can consume it.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_wdm_2x24_v1", "model_name": "Two-24 type III GMSB gravitino warm dark matter variant", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN viability of the long-lived stau benchmarks rests on a qualitative statement; no light-element injection calculation or BBN late-decay likelihood is implemented (con_bbn_stau_lifetime likelihood_available unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the stau freeze-out abundance and electromagnetic/hadronic energy injection from stau -> tau + gravitino and evaluate light-element constraints with a public BBN late-decay code such as ACROPOLIS across the tau_stau-m_stau plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1408_4929_pseudoscalar_yukawa_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with pseudo-scalar Yukawa interaction", "family": "singlet_fermion_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.4929", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The claimed LUX/XENON100 evasion relies on velocity-suppressed pseudoscalar scattering, but the card records only a partial likelihood and recasting_needed = yes; no implemented non-relativistic EFT recast of xenon limits onto this operator exists in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the pseudoscalar bilinear onto NREFT operators with DirectDM and evaluate xenon likelihoods with DDCalc (or the equivalent micrOMEGAs NREFT module), verifying the nonrelativistic velocity suppression recorded in the validation tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2102_07216_gauged_bl_dirac_scotogenic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L Dirac scotogenic fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.07216", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The constraint-recast step relies on quoted thresholds rather than likelihoods: no XENON1T spin-independent likelihood, LEP/LHC dilepton likelihood, invisible-Higgs likelihood, or Delta_N_eff likelihood for the Diracon/right-handed-neutrino decoupling history is packaged for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the micrOMEGAs output with a direct-detection likelihood package for the XENON1T one-ton-year result, recast the LHC dilepton limit onto the (m_BL, g_BL) plane, and compute Delta_N_eff from the Diracon/nu_R decoupling temperature to apply BBN/CMB likelihoods, including subcomponent rescaling of sigma_SI.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_13857_singlet_doublet_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet Majorana dark matter with Type-I seesaw neutrino masses", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.13857", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current spin-independent direct-detection likelihood (XENON1T or successor LZ/XENONnT) is wired into the route; the direct-detection step relies on the paper's figure-level XENON1T comparison, which cannot propagate detector uncertainties or be updated to current exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to DDCalc (which ships XENON1T, LZ, and XENONnT likelihoods) so the Higgs-portal recoil rate can be evaluated as a proper likelihood over (m_chi3, Delta M, theta, Y_1).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_02243_pngb_linear_breaking_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "pNGB scalar singlet dark matter with linear U(1)_X breaking", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.02243", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The constraint-comparison step lacks an implemented XENONnT SI upper-limit recast (the card explicitly notes the exact limit curve is needed for numerical recast), preventing quantitative exclusion of scan points.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the XENONnT SI limit curve and integrate it via DDCalc or micrOMEGAs' direct-detection routines alongside the paper's Higgs-invisible Br<0.11 cut and analytic stability/unitarity flags.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_1145_q4_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Q4-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "discrete_flavor_higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.1145", "score": 23.3, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's cosmological and direct-detection comparisons use the WMAP-era relic interval and XENON100-era exclusion, with no coded modern likelihood, so the viable parameter space cannot be assessed against current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the WMAP band with the Planck Omega h^2 measurement and couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods for the 4-1000 GeV scan range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_1999_no_scale_flipped_su5_neutralino_flippon_dm_v1", "model_name": "No-Scale Flipped SU(5) neutralino dark matter with TeV flippons", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.1999", "score": 23.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "All experimental inputs on the card are 2012-era screenings (WMAP7 relic interval, LHC7/8 search context, XENON100-era projections) with likelihood_available no/partial; no modern combined likelihood exists for the strip against Planck relic density, Run-2/3 SUSY searches, and current LZ/XENONnT direct-detection limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a modern constraint pipeline: Planck 2018 Omega_CDM h^2 interval, SModelS/CheckMATE recasts of Run-2 multijet and stop searches on the F-SU(5) spectrum, and DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT likelihoods for neutralino-nucleon scattering.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1211_5615_nonthermal_ewpt_vector_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal electroweak-phase-transition vector WIMP dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.5615", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current direct-detection or collider likelihood is wired to the model: the higgs_portal_detection_recast constraint is marked recast-required with unknown likelihood availability, so the multi-TeV vector branch cannot be confronted with modern LZ/XENONnT and LHC Higgs-portal limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the analytic SI cross section to DDCalc (or micrOMEGAs' direct-detection module) with current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, and recast LHC Higgs-portal/monojet limits for a multi-TeV vector using existing simplified-model recast frameworks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_01366_s_channel_axial_vector_simplified_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "s-channel axial-vector simplified Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "simplified_axial_vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01366", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable statistical likelihood exists for any of the model's constraints: the ATLAS mono-X limits, the spin-dependent direct-detection bounds, and the relic-density target are all recorded with likelihood_available = no, so parameter-space evaluation is limited to digitized exclusion contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire published ATLAS/CMS mono-X likelihoods (e.g. HistFactory/pyhf workspaces on HEPData) and a public spin-dependent direct-detection likelihood (e.g. via DDCalc) into the recast chain, and treat the Planck relic abundance as a Gaussian likelihood computed with micrOMEGAs or MadDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_05443_x_portal_scalar_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "X-portal scalar MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.05443", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled CMB energy-injection and BBN/N_eff likelihood for MeV-scale p-wave annihilation through the X mediator; the velocity-dependent injection at recombination and the N_eff shift from a 10-17 MeV thermal relic are not connected to Planck/BBN data products for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's p-wave sigma-v(z) to DarkHistory/ExoCLASS for the recombination energy-injection likelihood and to a BBN code (AlterBBN or PArthENoPE) for the N_eff and light-element shift from late electron-coupled freeze-out, packaged as a reusable likelihood over (m_phi, e_D, epsilon_f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_05382_n2hdm_full_dark_phase_v1", "model_name": "N2HDM Full Dark Matter Phase", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.05382", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No composable likelihood exists for the two-component observables: the Planck relic band and the XENON1T bound are applied only as hard cuts on component-summed and fraction-rescaled quantities, and no component-fraction-aware likelihood (relic fractions times per-component SI cross sections) is supplied.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the Planck Omega_c h^2 measurement and the XENON1T SI limit into a joint likelihood that takes per-component relic fractions and cross sections from MicrOMEGAs output (e.g. as a GAMBIT/pippi-style or standalone Python likelihood module), replacing the pass/fail cuts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_05579_2hdm_portal_forbidden_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light 2HDM-portal forbidden singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.05579", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined laboratory likelihood (electron beam-dump such as E137, BaBar-like searches, lepton-flavor observables, and muon g-2) exists for the light leptophilic 2HDM mediator with this model's coupling texture; the card marks the recast as only partial and not reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the E137, BaBar, flavor, and Delta a_mu constraints for a light CP-even scalar with the leptophilic 2HDM Yukawa texture (following arXiv:2011.09101) into a joint likelihood over (m_H, y_l, tan beta) consistent with the relic-density scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_05579_2hdm_portal_forbidden_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light 2HDM-portal forbidden scalar dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.05579", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined laboratory likelihood (E137-type electron beam dump, BaBar-like searches, lepton-flavor observables, and muon g-2) exists for the light leptophilic CP-even mediator with this model's coupling texture; the card marks the recast as only partial and not reproduced in this batch.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the E137, BaBar, flavor, and Delta a_mu constraints for a light CP-even scalar with the leptophilic 2HDM Yukawa texture (following arXiv:2011.09101) into a joint likelihood over (m_H, y_l, charged-scalar masses) consistent with the relic-density scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05249_z4_fermion_fimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z4 fermion FIMP dark matter with singlet scalar mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05249", "score": 22.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged direct-detection likelihood exists for the mixed FIMP-WIMP case: the xi_S-rescaled scalar SI cross section is compared only to experiment curves quoted in the paper, with likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to a public direct-detection likelihood (DDCalc or the LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) with the xi_S abundance rescaling applied, so the stable-scalar case-3 parameter space gets a statistically defined exclusion rather than a curve overlay.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_11386_mirror_atomic_dark_matter_hubble_tension_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-sector atomic dark matter with Affleck-Dine reheating", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.11386", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No joint likelihood analysis exists: all three constraints carry likelihood_available no, so the claimed H0 improvement, the CMB/BAO fit preservation, and the severity of the BBN Y_p/N_eff tension rest on illustrative benchmark spectra rather than posterior contours over the model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the Boltzmann implementation from gap_1 to Cobaya or MontePython with Planck, BOSS BAO, SH0ES, and BBN (deuterium plus Y_p) likelihoods, computing BBN-era N_eff and the mechanism's preferred helium fraction consistently, to quantify the H0 gain against the BBN penalty.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_3823_higgs_portal_vector_dark_matter_u1_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal vector dark matter with broken U(1)", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3823", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is a digitized LUX-era exclusion, not a current likelihood: no XENONnT/LZ-era recast of the vector Higgs-portal sigma_SI has been performed for this model, which the card flags as required to reassess the EWPT-compatible parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from the two-mediator (h, s) scalar-exchange amplitude and evaluate it against current LZ/XENONnT limits via a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc, rescanning the relic-density-compatible points from the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_01366_s_channel_vector_simplified_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "s-channel vector simplified Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "simplified_vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01366", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable statistical likelihood exists for any of the model's constraints: the ATLAS mono-X limits, the LUX/xenon spin-independent bounds, and the relic-density target all carry likelihood_available = no, so evaluation relies on digitized exclusion contours rather than statistical combination.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt published ATLAS/CMS mono-X likelihoods (pyhf/HistFactory workspaces on HEPData) and a public spin-independent direct-detection likelihood (e.g. DDCalc with current xenon-experiment releases), and treat the Planck relic abundance as a Gaussian likelihood computed with micrOMEGAs or MadDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_04776_flavor_symmetric_vectorlike_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) flavor symmetric vector-like fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.04776", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection step relies on digitized XENON100/LUX limit curves with no statistical likelihood and no update to current tonne-scale xenon data, so the Higgs-portal constraint on Y versus M1 cannot be evaluated at present-day sensitivity.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from the micrOMEGAs implementation and evaluate it against a public direct-detection likelihood such as DDCalc configured with current LZ/XENONnT releases, replacing the digitized XENON100/LUX curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_07086_clockwork_axion_defect_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Clockwork axion with defect-network cosmology", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.07086", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented likelihood connects the clockwork parameters (f, f_g, N, q, gear masses, reheating history) to the N_eff and relic-abundance data; the card records only approximate thresholds from the primary paper, with partial recasting needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the route's analytic chain as a small parameter-scan module and evaluate it against the Planck Delta N_eff posterior and the observed Omega_DM h^2 (e.g., as an external likelihood in Cobaya or MontePython), replacing the paper's threshold statements with a proper likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_03390_conformal_u1x_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant U(1)_X singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.03390", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented likelihood combines the Planck relic-density target with LUX/XENON1T/SuperCDMS SI limits for this model; the card stores only scan-level approximate exclusions and paper-quoted benchmark bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the micrOMEGAs output in a DDCalc-based direct-detection likelihood plus a Gaussian Planck Omega_CDM h^2 term (GAMBIT-style), sampling (M_chi, M_2, theta) instead of the paper's fixed-theta benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_06270_z3_nmssm_light_singlino_funnel_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3-symmetric NMSSM light singlino funnel dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.06270", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint exists only as paper-era CheckMATE pass/fail benchmark statuses: no up-to-date recast covering full Run-2/Run-3 electroweakino analyses (including soft-lepton and compressed-spectrum searches sensitive to light-scalar decay modes) is packaged for this scenario, and no continuous likelihood is available for global fits.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the NMSSMTools + micrOMEGAs + MadGraph/Pythia pipeline through an updated CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5/SModelS recast that includes current full-luminosity ATLAS/CMS electroweakino and soft-lepton analyses, exporting per-signal-region likelihoods (e.g. via pyhf HistFactory workspaces where published) instead of binary exclusion flags.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_03749_local_baryon_number_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-number anomaly-cancellation Majorana dark matter", "family": "gauged_baryon_number_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.03749", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No LZ direct-detection likelihood or digitized limit curve is available for the spin-independent, partly velocity-suppressed chi-nucleon cross section, so the LZ comparison quoted in the paper cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the current LZ exposure in DDCalc (or digitize the published LZ 90% CL limit) and couple it to the sigma_SI output of the micrOMEGAs implementation, including relic-fraction rescaling for subdominant points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_linear_seesaw_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Linear-seesaw mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 21.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No cosmology or direct-detection likelihood is implemented: the relic comparison uses the obsolete WMAP band instead of a Planck-based likelihood, and the nuclear-recoil constraint uses XENON100/CDMS/LUX-era bounds with no current LZ/XENONnT likelihood, including no relic-fraction rescaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the likelihood step from public components: a Planck Omega_DM h^2 gaussian for the relic density and DDCalc (or equivalent) with LZ/XENONnT data for sigma_SI, applied to the micrOMEGAs outputs of the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_13460_scale_invariant_singlet_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.13460", "score": 21.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The singlet-DM relic/direct-detection constraint is only a transfer from a 2014 related scale-invariant model using LUX-era limits; no recast of this model's (M_R, lambda_phiR) plane against current XENONnT/LZ spin-independent limits and the Planck relic density exists, and the card marks likelihood_available as no.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet model in micrOMEGAs, compute Omega_R h^2 and sigma_SI over the RG-consistent parameter set, and apply current direct-detection likelihoods via DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT), validating against the LUX/Planck regions of the related 2014 analysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1309_1231_nnmsm_singlet_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Next-to-new minimal Standard Model singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1309.1231", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection or invisible-Higgs likelihood is packaged for this model (likelihood_available: no on all constraints), and the quoted allowed regions use source-era XENON100/LUX sensitivities; current post-LZ limits and LHC invisible-width bounds have not been applied to the R1/R2 and MPCP regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the singlet-scalar (m_S, k) plane through DDCalc or the published LZ likelihood for sigma_SI and through the current ATLAS/CMS invisible-Higgs branching-ratio limit, tied to the micrOMEGAs relic contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_10750_dark_u1_vector_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark U(1) vector Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "vector_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.10750", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline connects this dark-U(1) vector Higgs-portal parameterization (M_V, lambda_HVV, alpha, M_H2, relic fraction) to the existing public invisible-Higgs and xenon direct-detection likelihoods; the card lists both as unavailable and the route as planned.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's analytic BR(H -> invisible) into HiggsBounds/HiggsTools (or Lilith) and its sigma_SI, rescaled by the thermal relic fraction from micrOMEGAs 5.0, into DDCalc's XENON1T/LZ likelihoods, e.g. as a small GAMBIT or MontePython model module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_11248_superweak_sterile_neutrino_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak U(1) sterile neutrino dark matter (freeze-out variant)", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.11248", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No up-to-date recast maps the light Z-prime freeze-out band (M_Zprime = 20-200 MeV) onto current laboratory exclusions; the card notes the primary paper predates later beam-dump/collider limits, likelihood_available is 'unknown', and the U(1)_z-specific branching ratios differ from the generic dark-photon case.", "proposed_resolution": "Add the super-weak U(1)_z coupling structure to DarkCast (or an equivalent light-vector recast database) so existing dark-photon/B-L exclusions and future neutral-gauge-boson sensitivities are automatically rescaled to (g_z, M_Zprime), then overlay on the relic-density band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_01368_bouncing_multicomponent_fermion_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bouncing multicomponent singlet fermion-pNGB dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.01368", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No two-component direct-detection likelihood: the LZ spin-independent bound must be applied with each component's local density rescaled by Omega_i/Omega_c and with the pNGB Goldstone cancellation at zero momentum transfer, and no such rescaled recast is packaged (card notes the batch did not compute one).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc with the LZ 2022 exposure, feeding it sigma_chiN_SI from the gap_1 model files and weighting event rates by the component relic fractions from the coupled Boltzmann solution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0509121_lcsugra_bino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "LCSUGRA Bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509121", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or modern recast is wired into the route: sigma_SI predictions for the mixed Bino-Higgsino LSP (10^-6 to 10^-8 pb, paper-era estimate) are never compared against current exclusion data (likelihood_available: no on con_lcsugra_direct_reach).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI with micrOMEGAs from the spectrum-generator output and attach a public direct-detection likelihood package (DDCalc-style, LZ/XENONnT exposures) to the s4 likelihood step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0509121_lcsugra_bino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "LCSUGRA Bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509121", "score": 21.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The linear-collider relic-reconstruction observable has no quantitative forecast likelihood: the factor-of-two reconstruction accuracy is quoted from a related study and no tool maps assumed e+e- mass measurements to a reconstructed Omega_chi h^2 posterior for this benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a forecast likelihood that propagates assumed linear-collider chargino/neutralino mass uncertainties through micrOMEGAs to Omega_chi h^2, following the hep-ph/0505252 procedure, and attach it to step s4.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5114_e6ssm_inert_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "E6SSM inert neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5114", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Spin-independent scattering was compared only to CDMS/XENON100-era cross sections; no pipeline applies modern LZ/XENONnT likelihoods with updated nuclear matrix elements to the Higgs-mediated inert-neutralino rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the benchmark sigma_SI values (recomputed via micrOMEGAs once model files exist) through DDCalc with current xenon-experiment likelihoods to obtain quantitative exclusions on the inert Higgsino admixture.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_6189_split_neutrino_sneutrino_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Split-neutrino right-handed sneutrino inflaton dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.6189", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or collider recast exists for the right-handed sneutrino LSP: the card supplies no sneutrino-nucleon cross-section table (sigma_N status unknown), the search_recast step is only planned, and the cited SUSY-search context is generic rather than a model-specific likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the B-L/MSSM spectrum from the gap_1 implementation, compute the Z'-and-Higgs-mediated sneutrino-nucleon cross section with micrOMEGAs, evaluate against current LZ/XENONnT limits via DDCalc, and recast LHC Z' and superpartner searches with SModelS/CheckMATE.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1312_3578_short_lived_pgb_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken U(1) Majorana dark matter with short-lived PGB scenario", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.3578", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists for the direct-detection and invisible-Higgs constraint on f sin(2 theta): the card only encodes paper-level LUX-era exclusion curves (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes), so exclusions cannot be updated to current data or combined statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-mixing SI cross section in DDCalc (or micrOMEGAs' direct-detection module) against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, and add the ATLAS/CMS Higgs invisible-branching-ratio measurement as a Gaussian likelihood on the portal coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_4749_s3_inert_doublet_split_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 three-Higgs-doublet model with softly split H2^0 inert scalar dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.4749", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized direct-detection likelihood is attached: the sigma_SI comparison relies on reading LUX/XENON100 curves from the source figure, which cannot exclude parameter points quantitatively or be updated to current xenon exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to DDCalc (or digitized LUX/XENON1T/LZ likelihood curves) with standard halo normalization, registering the result against con_split_h2_direct_detection.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_08615_neutrinophilic_thdm_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3-stabilized scalar dark matter in neutrinophilic THDM", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.08615", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection avoidance is imposed only as a model cut (small lambda_2X and mixing); no spin-independent cross-section calculation wired to a current xenon likelihood exists to delineate quantitatively how much Higgs-portal mixing survives.", "proposed_resolution": "Use the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module on the re-implemented model to compute sigma_SI(m_X, mixing) and confront it with the published LZ/XENONnT likelihood, replacing the hard suppression cut with an actual exclusion contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_01823_two_scalar_z2_higgs_portal_no_cross_couplings_v1", "model_name": "Two-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal dark matter without singlet-only s-s' cross-couplings", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.01823", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection viability is judged by overlaying published LUX2017/XENON1T curves rather than a modern likelihood: no packaged likelihood (e.g. XENONnT/LZ) that accepts sigma_SI, m_s, and the fractional relic abundance has been run for this model, so the quoted window is not statistically updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the viable window through an existing direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc within GAMBIT) with current LZ/XENONnT data, rescaling by the model's fractional abundance Omega_s/Omega_CDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_06195_simplified_nlht_heavy_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Simplified new Littlest Higgs with T-parity heavy photon dark matter", "family": "littlest_higgs_t_parity_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.06195", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated recast or likelihood exists for the compressed-spectrum signature of T-odd heavy leptons decaying to a single standard lepton plus A_H with mass splittings of only a few tens of GeV; the quoted allowed ranges (M_AH about 450-680 GeV, m_lH about 530-800 GeV) rest on scan-level statements rather than a detector-level analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast ATLAS/CMS compressed-electroweakino and slepton soft-lepton plus missing-energy searches for the vector-like lepton pair-production topology in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, producing exclusion contours in the (M_AH, m_lH) plane along the relic-density band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_14882_light_2hdm_scalar_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light two-Higgs-doublet scalar forbidden dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14882", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented recast maps the Boltzmann-suppressed late-time annihilation and light-scalar couplings onto Planck energy-injection limits and laboratory muon-philic scalar searches; the constraint card cites both only qualitatively with likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the exponentially suppressed late-time annihilation rate through ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for a Planck exclusion, and recast published muon-coupled light-scalar laboratory bounds (g-2, beam dumps, meson decays) into a joint likelihood over (m_H, Y_l, lambda_12).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509128_deflected_amsb_bino_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "Deflected anomaly-mediated bino neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509128", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "All card constraints are WMAP/LEP-era with likelihood_available no or unknown; no assembled modern likelihood stack (Planck relic density, current direct-detection exclusions, LHC recast) exists for this model's parameter plane, so the search_recast step outputs only historical allowed/excluded flags.", "proposed_resolution": "Chain the gap_1 spectrum generator into micrOMEGAs plus DDCalc-style direct-detection likelihoods and SModelS/CheckMATE LHC recasting (e.g. via a GAMBIT-like pipeline), replacing the WMAP window with the Planck relic-density likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_u1r_u1bl_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_R x U(1)_{B-L} extended-gauge sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 20.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists to confront the model with current data: the relic comparison uses the WMAP-era band instead of Planck, the direct-detection filter uses XENON100/LUX-era bounds instead of XENONnT/LZ, and no LFV likelihood is implemented for the low-scale-seesaw flavour textures.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs output to a Planck Omega h^2 Gaussian likelihood, to DDCalc (or equivalent) with XENONnT/LZ exposures for sigma_SI, and to FlavorKit/SPheno LFV branching-ratio predictions compared against current mu->e gamma and mu->3e limits, packaged as a scan-ready joint likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03238_flavor_specific_scalar_secluded_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-specific scalar mediator secluded Dirac dark matter", "family": "secluded_scalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03238", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public detector-level recast exists for the cosmic-ray-boosted sub-GeV direct-detection signal of this flavor-specific (down-quark-coupled) scalar mediator model, including flux attenuation in the overburden and XENON1T-like detector response.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the boosted-flux and attenuation calculation of arXiv:1810.10543 for the down-quark-specific scalar coupling (q^2-dependent form factor from the mediator) in DarkSUSY's cosmic-ray dark-matter routines or a standalone recast, and fold in the XENON1T nuclear-recoil efficiency to produce a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_06089_cp_pq_scotogenic_inert_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP/PQ scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter with axion component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.06089", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic-density and direct-detection constraint rests on WMAP-era IDM benchmarks; no updated likelihood scan of this model's 0.9-1.1 TeV inert-scalar region against current direct-detection limits (e.g. LZ/XENONnT) and Planck relic density exists (constraint marked likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the low-energy inert-doublet limit of this model in micrOMEGAs (via an existing IDM CalcHEP model file), rerun the relic-density and spin-independent cross-section scan over M_etaR and lambda_3/4/5, and confront it with current LZ/XENONnT exclusion curves and the Planck Omega h^2 measurement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0709_4023_brane_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Stable brane-vector dark matter", "family": "brane_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.4023", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "All three constraint sets are 2007-era parameter-plane overlays with no reusable likelihood: LEP contours, the WMAP density boundary, and CDMS II/XENON-10 exclusions have not been recast onto current Planck, LZ/XENONnT, and LHC mono-X data for the M_X-F_X plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood layer that maps the analytic sigma_XN into DDCalc with current xenon-experiment likelihoods, replaces WMAP with a Planck relic-density Gaussian, and recasts LHC mono-jet/mono-photon EFT limits (with EFT-validity truncation at F_X) in place of the LEP-only collider bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0808_1904_susylr_unstable_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dynamical R-parity breaking SUSYLR unstable gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.1904", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on late NLSP decays is qualitative (target lifetime below ~1e2 s quoted); no cascade calculation of electromagnetic/hadronic injection from the neutralino/stau/sneutrino NLSP is implemented for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute NLSP freeze-out abundances and decay injection spectra for the candidate NLSPs and evaluate light-element constraints with a public BBN late-decay code such as ACROPOLIS over the (tau_NLSP, m_NLSP) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0809_2371_so10_nonuniversal_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) non-universal-gaugino neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.2371", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the constraint-recasting step: the WMAP three-year relic band, LEP mass limits, m_h > 114 GeV contour, and b-to-s-gamma world average are applied only as figure-level contours in the source, and no modern (Planck relic density, LHC Higgs/SUSY, current flavor) likelihood implementation is attached to the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the SOFTSUSY+micrOMEGAs pipeline into an existing global-fit likelihood stack (e.g. GAMBIT ColliderBit/FlavBit/CosmoBit or HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals plus FlavorKit-style flavor likelihoods) and replace the WMAP band with the Planck Omega_CDM h^2 measurement for the SO(10) non-universal gaugino scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0909_5108_gravitino_gmsb_scalar_decay_low_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter from GMSB scalar decay at low reheating temperature", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0909.5108", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN-motivated low-reheating check requires late-decay light-element bounds as a function of NLSP mass, lifetime, and freeze-out density, but only qualitative literature bounds exist and no machine-readable likelihood or bound table is attached to the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple an MSSM spectrum/relic pipeline (SoftSUSY plus micrOMEGAs with a low-reheating modification for the diluted freeze-out) to a tabulated late-decay BBN injection likelihood (ACROPOLIS-style) over NLSP lifetime, yield, and branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_0103_scale_invariant_hidden_pion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant hidden-sector pion cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0103", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern combined likelihood exists for this model: the relic-density, direct-detection, and Higgs-portal viability constraint (con_hidden_pion_higgs_portal_viability) is stated only against WMAP-era targets, and modern LZ/XENONnT limits and LHC Higgs invisible-width measurements were never recast onto the model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a composite likelihood combining the Planck Omega_CDM h^2 measurement, DDCalc-style LZ/XENONnT spin-independent likelihoods evaluated on the model's sigma_SI, and an LHC Higgs invisible-branching/signal-strength likelihood (e.g. Lilith or HiggsSignals-type recast) on the mixed-scalar sector.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_2962_z3_scalar_semi_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Z3 symmetric scalar semi-annihilation dark matter", "family": "discrete_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2962", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection and Higgs-invisible constraints on the mixed singlet-doublet Z3 scalar exist only as XENON100-era context recast from the minimal Z3 singlet model, with no likelihood implemented for the primary model's singlet-doublet-mixed sigma_SI and invisible width.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI for the mixed x1 state into DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT likelihoods and evaluate the invisible Higgs width against current LHC fits via HiggsTools, replacing the recast minimal-Z3 XENON100/40-percent-branching context.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5717_type_iii_seesaw_darkon_v1", "model_name": "Type-III seesaw plus darkon Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5717", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The darkon allowed windows on the card rest on historical XENON100 and early invisible-Higgs limits with no likelihood attached (likelihood_available unknown, recasting_needed yes); a recast against current direct-detection and Higgs invisible-width data is not linked to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the scalar-singlet (M_S, lambda_SH) plane with micrOMEGAs or the public GAMBIT ScalarSingletDM likelihoods using current LZ/XENONnT and LHC Higgs invisible-width data, and attach the resulting likelihood to the card's constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_06834_scale_invariant_su2_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant SU(2)_DM vector dark matter with leptogenesis", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.06834", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is implemented for the scalar-portal sigma_SI prediction (likelihood_available: no); the card only quotes source-era limits and projections, so modern LZ/XENONnT data cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the analytic sigma_SI expression to a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module with current LZ/XENONnT exclusion likelihoods, including the destructive scalar-interference regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_02560_su5_nonuniversal_gaugino_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric SU(5) non-universal gaugino neutralino dark matter", "family": "cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.02560", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison uses only digitized XENON100/LUX2016 exclusion curves and future-reach projections, with no experiment-specific likelihood, so scan points cannot be statistically constrained or updated to current xenon-experiment exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the MicrOMEGAs sigma_SI/sigma_SD outputs to DDCalc (or the GAMBIT DarkBit likelihoods) with current LZ/XENONnT data, including efficiencies and halo-model settings, and rescale rates by the computed relic fraction for underabundant points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11541_scale_invariant_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant two-singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.11541", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current-generation direct-detection likelihood exists for the scalon-portal spin-independent cross section of s-prime; the viability of the multi-TeV region rests on a visual comparison with the 2017 XENON1T 34.2-live-day curve rather than an LZ/XENONnT-era recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's sigma_SI (from Higgs-scalon mixing) in a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc, add current LZ/XENONnT/PandaX-4T likelihoods, and rerun the relic-density-selected scan to re-derive the m_sprime mass floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_09913_scalar_hexaquark_s_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar hexaquark S dark matter", "family": "baryonic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.09913", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for any of the model's constraints (all three card constraints have likelihood_available: no); in particular there is no reusable direct-detection likelihood for a GeV-scale B=2 composite, only detector cross-section scales quoted from XENON/SuperCDMS.", "proposed_resolution": "Once sigma_S-nucleon is derived (gap_1), recast XENON and SuperCDMS light-dark-matter analyses for a 1.2 GeV spin-independent composite with the appropriate nuclear response, and add a thermal pre-BBN freeze-out abundance likelihood tying m_S to the observed relic density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_03025_multi_moduli_prompt_annihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-moduli nonthermal dark matter with prompt annihilation to dark radiation", "family": "nonthermal_moduli_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.03025", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood is implemented for any of the three constraints (BBN lifetime floor, relic-abundance overclosure, dark-radiation dilution): all cards list likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed for the Planck relic-density and Delta N_eff targets onto the model parameters (m1, m2, branching ratios, <sigma v>_ann).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the Boltzmann solve exists, wrap it in a likelihood that compares the predicted Omega_chi h^2 and Delta N_eff to the Planck 2018 posterior (Gaussian on Omega h^2 and the Delta N_eff bound) and imposes T_reheat > ~5 MeV as a hard BBN cut, exposing (m1, m2, B_2dm, B_2dr, m_chi, <sigma v>_ann) as sampled parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_11325_b_minus_l_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-mass weakly coupled B-L gauge boson Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "b_minus_l_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.11325", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Quantitative lifetime-frontier limits (FASER, SHiP, Belle II, LHCb, LDMX) on the freeze-in Z_BL region are unavailable: the paper gives only a qualitative reach overlay and the card lists no long-lived-particle recast with experiment-specific production and geometry.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the B-L gauge boson (with its generation-universal B-L couplings and invisible chi chi width) in a forward-detector/beam-dump recast framework such as FORESEE for FASER and analogous SHiP/Belle II/LDMX acceptance simulations, producing (g_BL, M_ZBL) reach curves matching the paper's Fig. 7 regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01591_singlet_scalar_dimension_six_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Dimension-six real singlet scalar Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.01591", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The EWPT-viable parameter regions have not been jointly evaluated against the scalar-singlet dark-matter likelihoods: no relic-density, LUX/XENON1T/XENONnT direct-detection, or invisible-Higgs likelihood was run over the same (m_S, lambda_HS, c/M^2) points, leaving the Higgs-resonance DM window a qualitative claim.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the phase-transition scan to micrOMEGAs (relic and sigma_SI) plus DDCalc/GAMBIT ScalarSingletDM likelihoods and the ATLAS/CMS invisible-Higgs limit, checking whether the dimension-six coefficient shifts the standard Z2 singlet results near m_S = m_H/2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0103340_phion_self_interacting_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Phion self-interacting scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0103340", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled modern joint recast exists for the phion parameter space (m_phi, g, g'): the relic, direct-detection, and invisible-Higgs constraints on the card predate the 125 GeV Higgs and were never combined numerically, even though each ingredient tool is public.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the phion as a micrOMEGAs/MadDM Higgs-portal singlet model at m_h = 125 GeV, scan (m_phi, g') for Omega h^2 and sigma_SI against current LZ/XENONnT limits, and fold in the ATLAS/CMS BR(h->invisible) < ~0.1 likelihood via Lilith or HiggsSignals.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_7495_nonthermal_hypercharged_multiplet_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal hypercharged multiplet dark matter from reheating", "family": "hypercharged_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7495", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented direct-detection likelihood exists for elastic Z-mediated scattering of superheavy (1e7-1e11 GeV) hypercharged dark matter: the XENON100 mass floor is only a rescaled 90% CL scaling relation, and modern LZ/XENONnT data with target-isotope (N/Z) dependence and the 1/M_DM number-density suppression have not been recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the multiplet's Z-exchange cross section (as a function of Y, k, and target N/Z) in DDCalc or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module, extend the analysis mass grid into the superheavy regime where rates scale as 1/M_DM, and evaluate against published XENONnT and LZ likelihoods for xenon plus a germanium/silicon target for the isospin cross-check.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03290_bino_smuon_selectron_coannihilation_mssm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-smuon/selectron co-annihilation dark matter with decoupled staus", "family": "neutralino_bino_slepton_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03290", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists for this model combining the Planck relic-density target, the FNAL/BNL Delta a_mu band (including HVP-input dependence), collider exclusions, and next-generation direct-detection projections; all four constraints carry likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a GAMBIT-style composite likelihood wrapping the micrOMEGAs relic output against Planck, a Delta a_mu Gaussian with switchable R-ratio/lattice HVP inputs, the recast collider limits from gap_1, and LZ/XENONnT projection curves for sigma_SI.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03290_bino_stau_coannihilation_mssm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-stau co-annihilation dark matter with universal slepton masses", "family": "neutralino_bino_slepton_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03290", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists for this model combining the Planck relic-density target, the FNAL/BNL Delta a_mu band (including HVP-input dependence), collider exclusions, and next-generation direct-detection projections; all data-driven constraints carry likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a GAMBIT-style composite likelihood wrapping the micrOMEGAs relic output against Planck, a Delta a_mu Gaussian with switchable R-ratio/lattice HVP inputs, the recast collider limits from gap_1, and LZ/XENONnT projection curves for sigma_SI.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03290_bino_wino_coannihilation_mssm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-wino co-annihilation dark matter", "family": "neutralino_bino_wino_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03290", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists for this model combining the Planck relic-density target, the FNAL/BNL Delta a_mu band (including HVP-input dependence), collider exclusions, and next-generation direct-detection projections; all four constraints carry likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a GAMBIT-style composite likelihood wrapping the micrOMEGAs relic output against Planck, a Delta a_mu Gaussian with switchable R-ratio/lattice HVP inputs, the recast collider limits from gap_1, and LZ/XENONnT projection curves for sigma_SI.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_06476_2hdm_fermionic_singlet_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-Higgs-doublet fermionic singlet-doublet dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.06476", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public combined likelihood or scan pipeline joins relic density, direct-detection blind spots, 2HDM scalar-sector searches, electroweak M_W, and muon g-2 for the singlet-doublet plus 2HDM model, so the paper's joint allowed region and its precision-anomaly interpretation cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Release public model files (FeynRules/SARAH to CalcHEP/UFO) for the singlet-doublet plus Z2-symmetric 2HDM and assemble a scan chain linking micrOMEGAs (relic and sigma_SI/SD), oblique-parameter and Delta a_mu calculators, and scalar-search limit tools into a GAMBIT-style composite likelihood, validated against the primary paper's benchmark allowed regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05653_type_ii_2hdms_pseudoscalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II 2HDMS with pseudoscalar singlet dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05653", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No statistical likelihoods are packaged for the DM-side filters: the Planck relic value and LZ SI limit are applied as pass/fail cuts on scan points rather than as likelihoods (likelihood_available: no for con_2hdms_planck_lz).", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the micrOMEGAs outputs into a Gaussian Planck Omega h^2 likelihood and a public LZ spin-independent likelihood via DDCalc (with sub-abundance rescaling when A_S is a subcomponent) inside a GAMBIT- or MontePython-style scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_0285_z2_singlet_scalar_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd singlet scalar S dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0285", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern direct-detection likelihood has been applied to this model: the card's only direct-detection constraint is a recast target from a 2009 darkon analysis with XENON10/CDMSII limits at Higgs masses of 120-350 GeV, so the Higgs-portal parameter space (m_S, lambda_HS) has never been confronted with current spin-independent limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI for the real singlet S with micrOMEGAs (or the standard analytic Higgs-exchange formula with modern nucleon sigma terms) at m_h = 125 GeV and evaluate it against LZ/XENONnT likelihoods via DDCalc, jointly with the relic-density condition fixing lambda_HS(m_S).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_0365_two_singlet_light_cold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-singlet light cold dark matter model", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0365", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is attached: the card compares only against CDMSII/XENON100-era limits and projections, so the light-WIMP parameter space (0.1-100 GeV) has never been confronted with modern LUX/PandaX/XENON1T/LZ exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet model in micrOMEGAs via a FeynRules model file and attach current direct-detection likelihoods through DDCalc (LZ, XENONnT, and low-mass experiments for the sub-10 GeV region), rescanning the paper's (m_0, m_1, lambda) planes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5488_e6ssm_inert_neutralino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "E(6)SSM inert-neutralino cold dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5488", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's constraints are frozen at WMAP-era and 2011-2012 data (XENON100 11.7-day limit, LEP-only Z width, pre-final Higgs couplings) with only partial likelihood availability and no digitized curves, so modern evaluation of the model requires re-anchoring every constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the computed sigma_SI, Omega h^2, and invisible widths into existing public likelihoods: DDCalc-style LZ/XENONnT spin-independent likelihoods, the Planck relic-density measurement, and current Z/Higgs invisible-width fits, replacing the quoted XENON100/WMAP numbers.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_374345_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 374345: gravitino superwimp", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the cosmological constraint set applied to this benchmark (WMAP relic target plus BBN and diffuse photon/neutrino flux limits on late NLSP decay); the card records only a pass/fail paper-era selection.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a reusable likelihood module combining the Planck relic-density measurement with published BBN energy-injection and diffuse-flux limits as a function of NLSP lifetime and yield, so the superWIMP benchmark can be scored rather than only flagged allowed/excluded.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1312_3578_long_lived_pgb_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken U(1) Majorana dark matter with long-lived PGB scenario", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.3578", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists for the direct-detection and invisible-Higgs constraint on f sin(2 theta): the card only encodes paper-level LUX-era exclusion curves (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes), so exclusions cannot be updated to current data or combined statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-mixing SI cross section in DDCalc (or micrOMEGAs' direct-detection module) against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, and add the ATLAS/CMS Higgs invisible-branching-ratio measurement as a Gaussian likelihood on the portal coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1406_0617_two_component_singlet_scalar_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component singlet scalar-fermion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.0617", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection comparison relies on XENON100/LUX-era curves quoted in the paper; no bundled modern likelihood evaluates the fraction-rescaled per-component SI rates (xi_chi sigma_SI_chi, xi_S sigma_SI_S) against current LZ/XENONnT data, including the mediator-interference-suppressed scalar rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute per-component SI cross sections from the rebuilt micrOMEGAs implementation and evaluate the summed rescaled recoil rate against public LZ and XENONnT likelihoods via DDCalc, scanning the (M_chi, M_S, M_H2, alpha) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_2560_higgsino_sneutrino_late_decay_v1", "model_name": "Higgsino-like dark matter from right-handed sneutrino late decays", "family": "nonthermal_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.2560", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison uses LUX 2013/XENON100 limits with likelihood_available unknown; a refreshed recast against current xenon likelihoods for the almost-pure-Higgsino composition is noted as needed but not implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI/sigma_SD from the SPheno spectrum with micrOMEGAs and evaluate current xenon-experiment likelihoods with DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT-era limits) across the Higgsino-gaugino mixing range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_02230_singlet_majorana_wimp_eft_simplified_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-like Majorana WIMP EFT with simplified mediators", "family": "effective_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02230", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The global profile likelihood combining Planck relic density, LUX/PICO-2L/XENON100 recoil limits, and LEP/LHC simplified-model searches was not released, and its direct-detection and collider inputs are superseded; no current composite likelihood exists for this EFT parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the global scan in a public framework such as GAMBIT: use DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT/PICO data for the SI/SD channels, recast current LHC mono-X and mediator searches for the matched s- and t-channel simplified models, and combine with the Planck relic-density likelihood over (m_DM, Lambda, c_a).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_06430_qyu_umssm_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutralino dark matter in quasi-Yukawa-unified U(1)' extended MSSM", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.06430", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or recast against current xenon experiments exists for the scan's neutralino solutions; the source only notes sensitivity, and the higgsino-like 700 GeV region needs evaluation against post-2016 limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the micrOMEGAs sigma_SI output to a public direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc with the current LZ exposure), including halo-fraction rescaling when the neutralino is subdominant, and store the resulting exclusion for the scan regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_04745_secretly_asymmetric_fdm_zprime_v1", "model_name": "Secretly asymmetric lepton-flavored dark matter with a dark Zprime annihilator", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.04745", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood exists for the kinetic-mixing nuclear-recoil channel (card: likelihood_available no); the LUX/SuperCDMS/CRESST-II comparison in the epsilon-m_chi plane is only a digitized-bound recast, not a reusable likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the light-Zprime-mediated spin-independent recoil rate in a public recast framework (DDCalc or a micrOMEGAs direct-detection module with the epsilon-suppressed vector coupling) and attach the published LUX/SuperCDMS/CRESST likelihood functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_00343_pq_singlino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Approximate-PQ singlino-like light neutralino dark matter in the NMSSM", "family": "singlino_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.00343", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline exists for this card: the relic constraint is applied as a hard preselection cut (likelihood_available: no) and the LUX/Xenon1T/LZ direct-detection and Z/Higgs invisible-width constraints are only partially available as likelihoods and flagged as needing recasting, so the scan cannot be turned into a statistically rigorous exclusion or posterior.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the existing NMSSMTools+micrOMEGAs outputs in public experiment likelihoods: use DDCalc (or the GAMBIT ColliderBit/DarkBit modules) for LUX/Xenon1T/LZ spin-independent and spin-dependent limits, add Gaussian likelihoods for the Planck relic density and the LEP Z invisible width, and the published LHC Higgs-invisible branching-ratio likelihood, then rerun the scan with the combined likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_04621_ghu_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana fermion dark matter in SU(3) x U(1) gauge-Higgs unification", "family": "gauge_higgs_unification_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.04621", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card records likelihood_available: no for the relic/LUX window and only partial for LUX-2016/LZ direct detection, and the constraints were taken as digitized allowed regions rather than statistical likelihoods, so registry-level scans would reuse the paper's window instead of re-evaluating it against current xenon data.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach an existing public direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc with LUX 2016 and LZ datasets) to the sigma_SI output and combine with a Gaussian Planck relic-density likelihood; no new physics derivation is needed.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_05584_pdgssm_multicomponent_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac-gluino SSM multi-component neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.05584", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection and muon g-2 constraints carry likelihood_available: unknown and the relic condition only an approximate likelihood; the LUX/PandaX comparison was done against digitized curves with subcomponent rescaling rather than a statistical likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the scan to existing public likelihoods: DDCalc-style xenon likelihoods evaluated on the fraction-rescaled sigma_SI, a Gaussian relic-density likelihood with an upper-limit option for subcomponent points, and the standard muon g-2 discrepancy likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_01853_minimal_vector_fermion_multicomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal vector-fermion multicomponent dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.01853", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection constraints were applied only against the LUX2016 bound quoted by the source; no current xenon-experiment (XENONnT/LZ) likelihood with the required per-component local-fraction rescaling has been implemented for this multi-component scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the per-component Higgs-portal spin-independent cross sections from micrOMEGAs in a multi-component rescaled-rate calculation and evaluate it against current public xenon likelihoods (e.g. the LZ/XENONnT limits as packaged in DDCalc), replacing the LUX2016 curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_07472_wimpflation_stable_inflaton_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Stable-inflaton Higgs-portal WIMPflation", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.07472", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled direct-detection likelihood exists for the stable-inflaton scalar singlet: the card quotes XENON1T/LUX/PandaX limits only qualitatively, so the viability of the two windows (m_phi near 62.6 GeV and 1-5 TeV) cannot be quantitatively re-evaluated against current exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Connect a micrOMEGAs scalar-singlet computation of sigma_SI to a public direct-detection likelihood package (DDCalc with the current LZ and PandaX-4T datasets) and rerun the exclusion over the (m_phi, lambda_phiH) plane, including the resonance window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_02399_majoron_inverse_seesaw_dim6_v1", "model_name": "Dimension-six extended-inverse-seesaw Majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02399", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Higgs invisible-width and direct-detection constraints are only recast from simple-Majoron literature: no likelihood maps the extended model's theta_h, Br(h1 -> J J), and Higgs-portal cross sections onto current LHC and direct-detection data (likelihood_available is 'no').", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the extended-sector couplings for each benchmark and run them through HiggsTools (HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals) for invisible-width and mixing constraints plus micrOMEGAs for sigma_SI against current xenon-experiment limits, replacing the simple-model exclusion proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1006_3804_dark_left_right_scotino_v1", "model_name": "Dark Left-Right Model 2 scotino dark matter", "family": "left_right_scotino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1006.3804", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current-era likelihood or recast exists for the DLRM2 gauge sector: neither modern spin-independent direct-detection limits (LZ/XENONnT) nor LHC dilepton Z-prime and W_R search results have been mapped onto the m_n, M_Zprime, M_W_R, s_R^2 parameter space, leaving only the 2010 CDMS-II bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the UFO model of gap_1, recast ATLAS/CMS high-mass dilepton and W_R resonance searches with MadGraph plus MadAnalysis5/CheckMATE, and evaluate sigma_SI against published LZ/XENONnT limits via DDCalc or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_04783_spontaneous_cp_scotogenic_inert_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneous-CP scotogenic inert-scalar dark matter model", "family": "scotogenic_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.04783", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for any of the model's constraints: the relic-density plus direct-detection recast and the charged-lepton-flavor-violation constraint on the N1 alternative are all marked likelihood_available: no, so parameter points cannot be statistically scored.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood combining the Planck Omega h^2 measurement, published spin-independent direct-detection limits (e.g. via DDCalc), and mu -> e gamma / mu-e conversion limits computed from the scotogenic Yukawa matrices with standard LFV formulae.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_01366_t_channel_scalar_mediator_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "t-channel scalar-mediator Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "simplified_t_channel_scalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01366", "score": 17.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "None of the four constraints (combined monojet+direct-detection exclusion, mediator pair-production limits, thermal relic target, flavor bounds) has an available likelihood, so the strong no-allowed-region statement cannot be reproduced or updated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine published ATLAS/CMS monojet and jets+MET likelihoods (pyhf workspaces, reinterpretable via CheckMATE/MadAnalysis or SModelS for the colored-mediator pair channel) with a DDCalc-style direct-detection likelihood and a Planck relic-abundance Gaussian computed with micrOMEGAs or MadDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_higgs_portal_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No combined relic-density plus direct-detection likelihood has been assembled or run for this odd-B-L Higgs-portal scalar, so the quoted 'mass above a few hundred GeV' region cannot be reproduced or updated against current data (con_higgs_portal_mass_bound has likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the (m_chi, c_H) model in micrOMEGAs for Omega h^2 and sigma_SI, and evaluate the current direct-detection likelihood with DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT implementations) plus the Planck relic-abundance constraint, reusing existing public scalar-singlet Higgs-portal global-fit pipelines (e.g. GAMBIT's scalar-singlet study) which cover this identical phenomenology.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_0580_light_mixed_sneutrino_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light mixed sneutrino thermal dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.0580", "score": 16.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scan window rests on WMAP5, LEP, and CoGeNT/XENON/CRESST-era data; no modern likelihood recast exists for the few-GeV sneutrino region against current low-threshold direct-detection experiments, Planck relic density, or LHC Higgs-invisible-width limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current low-mass direct-detection results (XENONnT/LZ, DarkSide-50, CRESST-III, SuperCDMS) via DDCalc-style likelihoods, apply the Planck Omega h^2 band, and impose current ATLAS/CMS Higgs invisible branching limits on the A_nu-induced h coupling over the rebuilt model parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_inverse_seesaw_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 15.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No cosmology or direct-detection likelihood is implemented: the relic comparison uses the obsolete WMAP band instead of a Planck-based likelihood, and the nuclear-recoil constraint uses XENON100/CDMS/LUX-era bounds with no current LZ/XENONnT likelihood, including no relic-fraction rescaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the likelihood step from public components: a Planck Omega_DM h^2 gaussian for the relic density and DDCalc (or equivalent) with LZ/XENONnT data for sigma_SI, applied to the micrOMEGAs outputs of the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_2219_dfsz_axino_kim_nilles_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axino dark matter in the Kim-Nilles mechanism", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2219", "score": 14.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The overclosure constraint on stable DFSZ axinos (m_axino ceiling near 0.1 keV, or T_R below ~10 GeV at f_a ~ 1e10 GeV) is a hard analytic cut with likelihood_available no; no scan pipeline evaluates the relic abundance against the measured dark matter density across the (m_axino, f_a, mu, T_R, spectrum) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the DFSZ axino regeneration yields (e.g. as a freeze-in process set in micrOMEGAs or a standalone module reproducing the source analytic yields) and compare Omega_axino h^2 to the Planck measurement in a parameter scan, including the low-reheating branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_1046838_pure_higgsino_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 1046838: pure higgsino", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 14, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No relic-density or direct-detection likelihood is attached to the route: the WMAP Omega h^2 = 0.1126 +/- 0.0036 and XENON100 comparison exists only as a recorded paper-era screening (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes), and no implemented likelihood against these or modern datasets (Planck, current xenon-ton-scale limits) is bundled for this benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the benchmark SLHA file through micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY to compute Omega h^2 and sigma_SI, and wrap the outputs in a simple Gaussian relic-density likelihood (WMAP target, and Planck for the modern update) plus published direct-detection exclusion curves as a reusable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_cdm_3x24_v1", "model_name": "Three-24 type III GMSB gravitino cold dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 12.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN viability of the long-lived stau benchmarks is only a qualitative paper-level statement; no light-element yield calculation or BBN late-decay likelihood is attached (con_cdm_bbn_stau_lifetime has likelihood_available unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the stau freeze-out abundance and electromagnetic/hadronic injection from stau -> tau + gravitino, then apply a public BBN late-decay code such as ACROPOLIS to derive the allowed tau_stau-abundance region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0706_3667_affine_k_essence_unified_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Affine-EOS purely kinetic k-essence unified dark fluid", "family": "unified_dark_sector_scalar_field", "arxiv": "0706.3667", "score": 12, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood constrains (p_0, alpha) for this realization: both card constraints are theoretical/qualitative (likelihood_available: no/unknown), and the route lists no likelihoods, so viability near the CDM sound-speed limit is not quantified against CMB or clustering data.", "proposed_resolution": "After the Boltzmann implementation of gap_1, run an MCMC with Planck, BAO, and galaxy power-spectrum likelihoods over (p_0, alpha) to derive the first quantitative upper bound on the affine sound-speed parameter for this k-essence realization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_2342344_bino_squark_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 2342344: bino squark coannihilation", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No relic-density or direct-detection likelihood is attached to the route: the WMAP Omega h^2 = 0.1126 +/- 0.0036 and XENON100 comparison exists only as a recorded paper-era screening (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes), and no implemented likelihood against these or modern datasets (Planck, current xenon-ton-scale limits) is bundled for this coannihilation benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the benchmark SLHA file through micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY (both treat squark coannihilation channels) to compute Omega h^2 and sigma_SI, and wrap the outputs in a Gaussian relic-density likelihood (WMAP target, Planck for the modern update) plus published direct-detection exclusion curves as a reusable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_2387564_bino_a_funnel_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 2387564: bino a funnel", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No relic-density or direct-detection likelihood is attached to the route: the WMAP Omega h^2 = 0.1126 +/- 0.0036 and XENON100 comparison exists only as a recorded paper-era screening (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes), and no implemented likelihood against these or modern datasets (Planck, current xenon-ton-scale limits) is bundled for this A-funnel benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the benchmark SLHA file through micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY (both treat resonant A-funnel annihilation) to compute Omega h^2 and sigma_SI, and wrap the outputs in a Gaussian relic-density likelihood (WMAP target, Planck for the modern update) plus published direct-detection exclusion curves as a reusable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_2750334_well_tempered_bino_higgsino_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 2750334: well tempered bino higgsino", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The source-scan constraint set (WMAP relic density, XENON100, LEP, flavor) is recorded only as pass/fail benchmark selection; no packaged likelihood for the combined relic-density and direct-detection comparison is bundled with the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Omega h^2 and sigma_SI for the benchmark with micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY and wrap them in a modern likelihood (Planck relic density plus current LZ/XENONnT limits), e.g. via GAMBIT ColliderBit/DarkBit or a lightweight standalone module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_401479_bino_stop_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 401479: bino stop coannihilation", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged relic-density and direct-detection likelihood pipeline (WMAP/XENON100 comparison, step s4) is bundled with the benchmark; the source scan likelihoods are explicitly noted as not included, so the recast comparison is recorded but not executable.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a small pipeline computing Omega h^2 and sigma_SI for the benchmark spectrum with micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY and compare against the WMAP-era target (0.1126 +/- 0.0036) and XENON100, then optionally swap in Planck and current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods for a modern status.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0902_2510_cmssm_rhn_neutralino_sneutrino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM with GUT-scale right-handed neutrino and neutralino-sneutrino coannihilation", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0902.2510", "score": 10, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Constraints exist only as the WMAP 2-sigma band (0.0975-0.1223) and LEP-era Higgs/chargino contours with no likelihood implementation; the strip has never been re-evaluated against Planck relic density, the 125 GeV Higgs mass, or LHC electroweak/slepton search limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the WMAP band with the Planck Omega_CDM h^2 likelihood, compute m_h with FeynHiggs or SPheno against the measured 125 GeV value, and recast LHC compressed-spectrum and slepton searches on the strip with SModelS/CheckMATE.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_02243_lambda_zero_linear_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "lambda_phi zero linear-breaking scalar singlet dark matter variant", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.02243", "score": 9.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented XENONnT spin-independent upper-limit recast exists for the scan's validation step; the card records likelihood_available as unknown and only qualitative window edges from the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the XENONnT SI limit curve and wire it into the scan via DDCalc or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module, reproducing the ~2.7 TeV low-mass edge.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 6, "rank_structure_formation": 24}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 169, "n_models": 168, "weight": 3867.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 11, "weight_structure_formation": 291.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 50, "degrades_precision": 111, "minor": 8}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 76, "small": 91, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_09904_cosmic_ray_boosted_gidm_spin2_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-ray boosted sub-GeV gravitationally interacting dark matter with a spin-2 mediator", "family": "gravitationally_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09904", "score": 47.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No proper experimental likelihood is implemented for the boosted-DM recoil spectrum: the XENON1T constraint is an approximate bin-by-bin recast without official detector response/efficiency tables, and no electron-recoil (S2-only) likelihood recast exists for the spin-2 model at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned-count likelihood from XENON1T (and current LZ/XENONnT) public data releases with published efficiency curves, and add an S2-only ionization-channel recast mapping the boosted spectrum through the xenon charge-yield model, so exclusions become reproducible statistical limits rather than order-of-magnitude reaches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_12348_decaying_warm_dark_matter_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm dark matter with a massive dark-photon daughter", "family": "decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.12348", "score": 38, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The xenon absorption-rate step lacks a detector-response model and a packaged XENON1T electronic-recoil likelihood, so the 2-3 keV dark-photon absorption window is fit only at the level of quoted source regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine public xenon photoelectric cross-section tables with the XENON1T energy resolution, efficiency, and background model from the electronic-recoil data release into a binned likelihood for the (m_Aprime, epsilon, dark-photon fraction) absorption line.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_02906_minimal_inflaton_higgs_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal nonminimal-coupling inflaton dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02906", "score": 38, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is only the XENON1T-derived coupling bound lambda_hphi(1 TeV) < 0.25 quoted in the text; no current-generation (LZ/XENONnT) likelihood is implemented for the Higgs-portal scalar near and away from the resonance window.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-singlet Higgs-portal cross section in DDCalc (or reuse existing singlet-scalar global-fit likelihoods, e.g. GAMBIT's) with current LZ/XENONnT data and combine with the analytic RG-unitarity consistency condition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_01758_2hdm_singlet_doublet_fermion_blind_spot_v1", "model_name": "2HDM singlet-doublet fermion Higgs-portal dark matter with generalized blind spots", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.01758", "score": 37.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The scan's direct-detection likelihood is a non-released RAPIDD surrogate tuned to XENON1T (plus PICO-60), so no reusable likelihood exists and the constraint is outdated relative to current LZ/XENONnT exposures, which move the blind-spot viability boundaries.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the surrogate with a public direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc extended with LZ and XENONnT exposures), keeping the min(1, Omega/Omega_obs) rescaling, and re-run the MultiNest scan over the paper's prior ranges.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_08881_light_thermal_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light thermal pseudo-Dirac dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "vector_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08881", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined likelihood exists that maps the NLO-shifted thermal target onto direct-detection (XENON1T/PandaX/SENSEI) and accelerator (LDMX/NA64/Belle II) exclusions as a function of mass splitting; only compiled LO benchmark exclusion curves are available.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast pipeline using public detector-response tools (obscura/DDCalc for nuclear recoils, QEdark-style form factors for electron recoils) plus digitized accelerator reach curves, driven by the LO+NLO cross sections, to produce consistent exclusions in (m_chi, epsilon, alpha_D, delta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2112_11387_dark_axion_portal_mixed_axion_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Dark Axion Portal mixed axion-dark-photon dark matter", "family": "multi_component_axion_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.11387", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for eV-scale dark-photon absorption in semiconductor/noble-liquid targets applicable to a subdominant (f_gammaD ~ 0.1) component: the card records XENON10/XENON100 limits and DAMIC-M projections as fixed curves (likelihood_available: no), so exclusion at new (m_gammaD, epsilon, f_gammaD) points can only be done by curve rescaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a rate-plus-background absorption likelihood from published XENON ionization data and DAMIC-M/SENSEI threshold, leakage-current and exposure assumptions, taking the s2 absorption spectrum as input and scaling linearly with f_gammaD, and validate against the source's epsilon ~ 1e-16 reach at 20-200 eV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15813_thermal_squeezeout_zprime_dark_baryons_v1", "model_name": "Z' portal thermal squeezeout dark-baryon model", "family": "confining_dark_sector_thermal_squeezeout", "arxiv": "2203.15813", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Laboratory constraints on the Z' portal are digitized bounds rather than likelihoods: the XENON1T recoil limit is applied at cross-section level and the LHC dilepton bound uses a contact-like approximation (m_Zprime > ~30 alpha_Zprime TeV) without resonance/interference treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the coherent Z'-exchange cross section into DDCalc for the XENON1T (and newer LZ/XENONnT) likelihoods, and recast the ATLAS/CMS high-mass Drell-Yan dilepton searches with a full Z' resonance-plus-interference simulation (MadGraph plus the published HistFactory likelihoods) instead of the contact approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_00008_leptophilic_scalar_cosimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar Co-SIMP dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_cosimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00008", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector response or experimental likelihood exists for the monoenergetic exothermic 3-to-2 conversion recoil: existing electron-recoil constraints target elastic light-DM scattering and must be recast, and the local-density-squared rate scaling has no implemented likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public electron-recoil response framework (e.g. QEDark/EXCEED-DM/DarkELF form factors) to the fixed-energy 3-to-2 conversion kinematics, and build a recast likelihood from published low-threshold electron-recoil data (SENSEI, XENONnT-style S2-only searches) parameterized by (m_phi, m_eta, y_e, y_phi, local density).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04278_bl_dark_photon_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly interacting U(1)_B-L gauge boson warm dark matter", "family": "warm_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04278", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood or detector-response module is identified for keV B-L vector absorption in liquid-xenon electron-recoil data; the card lists likelihood_available as unknown/partial for the XENON1T region and dark-photon limits, and recasting is flagged as needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dark-photon absorption recast using the published XENON1T (and successor XENONnT/LZ) electron-recoil efficiency and resolution, e.g. by extending the wimprates/absorption-rate machinery with the B-L effective kinetic-mixing basis, and overlay digitized solar-emission dark-photon limits on the same (m_Aprime, epsilon) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_04930_2hdm_singlet_doublet_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "2HDM portal singlet-doublet dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.04930", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is attached for the XENON1T blind-spot constraint (likelihood_available 'no', contours not digitized), so exclusion statements cannot be reproduced numerically or updated to XENONnT/LZ exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's sigma_SI/sigma_SD outputs to DDCalc (XENON1T, LZ, XENONnT likelihoods), including a relic-fraction rescaling for underabundant points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_08204_scotogenic_scalar_dm_gut_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert-doublet scalar dark matter with GUT-baryogenesis washout", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08204", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The route provides no machine-readable direct-detection likelihood: the XENON1T comparison is a digitized limit-curve overlay, and the card marks likelihood_available as unknown with partial recasting needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the analytic sigma_SI(lambda_3, m_DM) into an existing public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc (XENON1T/LZ modules) to replace the digitized limit curve with a proper likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11243_kev_hidden_photon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "keV hidden photon dark matter for XENON1T and stellar cooling", "family": "hidden_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11243", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Only an approximate fit window exists for the XENON1T electronic-recoil excess interpretation; no public likelihood recasts the hidden-photon absorption line (m_X, epsilon) against the XENON1T 2020 ER spectrum and its background model, and post-2020 reinterpretations (e.g. XENONnT) are not incorporated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the monoenergetic absorption signal in a binned Poisson likelihood over the released XENON1T (and XENONnT) ER spectrum with the published background model, exposing (m_X, epsilon, local density) as parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_00008_nucleophilic_scalar_cosimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nucleophilic scalar Co-SIMP dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_cosimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00008", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-specific likelihoods exist for the monoenergetic conversion-recoil and boosted elastic-recoil signatures; the card records likelihood_available partial/no, only heterogeneous sensitivity curves from the primary paper, and notes that LZ/cosmic-ray, above-ground, and helium sensitivities need detector-specific recasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Build recast likelihood modules for the relevant low-threshold and superfluid-helium detectors (efficiency, threshold, and resolution models applied to the monoenergetic recoil line) and for large-volume detectors sensitive to the boosted flux, packaged so exclusion limits can be updated beyond the primary sensitivity plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_12668_cosmic_ray_boosted_puffy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-ray-boosted puffy dark matter with a light mediator", "family": "puffy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.12668", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector likelihood or response model is available to turn the attenuated semi-relativistic CRPDM flux into XENON1T (or newer LZ/XENONnT) recoil-spectrum constraints; the current exclusion band is a figure-level comparison that was neither digitized nor rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recoil-spectrum recast for boosted DM: fold the attenuated flux with the momentum-dependent differential cross section and a public xenon detector response (efficiency and energy resolution from the XENON1T/XENONnT data releases), and implement a Poisson/binned likelihood to reproduce and update the sigma_chiN vs m_chi exclusion bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13529_so10_mixed_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) mixed singlet-inert-doublet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13529", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized XENON1T/XENONnT spin-independent limit or likelihood is attached to the direct-detection route, so exclusion status of scan points cannot be evaluated automatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire DDCalc (or a digitized public XENON1T/XENONnT limit curve) into the pipeline to return a likelihood or pass/fail flag for (sigma_SI, M_DM) points in the 300-1000 GeV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS Higgs-resonance scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized LZ spin-independent limit or likelihood is attached to the direct-detection route, so benchmark points can only be checked against the published curve by eye.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire DDCalc or a digitized public LZ exclusion curve into the pipeline to return exclusion status for (sigma_SI, m_eta) points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_05633_flavor_dependent_u1_inert_scalar_s_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-dependent gauged U(1) inert scalar S dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05633", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The constraint overlay lacks machine-readable likelihoods: the LUX-like spin-independent bound and the LEP/LHC Z' and flavor-coupling bounds are quoted only as formula-level statements in the source, so a modern recast of the allowed scan points cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct likelihoods from current public data products: xenon direct-detection likelihoods via DDCalc, LHC dilepton Z' limits via a recast framework, and flavor observables (C_9, Delta a_mu, meson mixing) via flavio, then combine them into one scan-level likelihood for the model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_11122_nonstandard_singlet_scalar_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet scalar Higgs-portal dark matter with non-standard expansion", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.11122", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison uses published limit curves rather than experiment likelihoods, so exact exclusion contours with the Omega_S/Omega_DM rescaling from non-standard histories cannot be reproduced; the card marks likelihood_available as only partial with exclusion tables needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the scan to DDCalc (LUX/PandaX-II/XENON1T likelihoods and DARWIN projections), applying the fractional-abundance rescaling of sigma_SI point-by-point to get proper likelihood-based contours instead of digitized limit curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_13339_pseudo_dirac_transition_dipole_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac transition-dipole freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.13339", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood or spectrum code covers keV-scale exothermic down-scattering electron recoils in xenon for this model: the atomic-ionization response for chi2 -> chi1 de-excitation and a reusable XENON1T/XENONnT electron-recoil likelihood recast are both missing.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the exothermic dipole-scattering recoil spectrum with xenon atomic ionization form factors in a wimprates/QEdark-style package and wrap it around the published XENON1T electron-recoil dataset (and XENONnT/DARWIN projections) as a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS heavy scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized LZ spin-independent limit or likelihood is attached to the direct-detection route, so benchmark points can only be checked against the published curve by eye.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire DDCalc or a digitized public LZ exclusion curve into the pipeline to return exclusion status for (sigma_SI, m_eta) points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_real_scalar_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood (detector response, efficiency curves, or digitized exclusion contours) is attached to the card, so loop-induced rates can only be compared by eye to published bound curves rather than evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the computed rates to public detector likelihoods for LZ/XENONnT (e.g. via DDCalc) and digitize the paper's current/future (DARWIN) exclusion figures as an interim validation target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_1789_enmssm_singlino_singlet_light_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "ENMSSM singlino-singlet light neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_light_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.1789", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern combined likelihood exists for this scenario: the direct-detection target is a CoGeNT/DAMA-era signal region now superseded by null xenon results, and the collider/flavor viability rests on 2010-era LEP/Tevatron/BaBar checks, so the currently allowed (if any) region of the singlino-singlet space is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast scan combining DDCalc-style low-mass xenon/germanium likelihoods, HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals for the 125 GeV Higgs and light-singlet limits, and flavor observables (B_s -> mu mu), driven by the ENMSSM spectrum generator of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_02485_kalb_ramond_like_particle_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kalb-Ramond-like particle dark matter", "family": "kalb_ramond_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.02485", "score": 28, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No experiment-specific signal models or likelihoods exist for the KRLP laboratory discrimination program: differential recoil rates with angular dependence, fixed-target production rates without kinetic mixing, and helioscope fluxes for the pseudo-vector couplings have not been computed or recast into any experimental likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the KRLP differential production and scattering rates for representative experiments (fixed-target dark-photon searches, xenon direct detection with angular recoil observables, helioscopes) from the tensor-current and axial-current operators, and recast them through the experiments' published likelihoods to contrast against dark-photon and ALP hypotheses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03398_dark_antineutron_adm_v1", "model_name": "Dark anti-neutron asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03398", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood exists for EDM-mediated dark anti-neutron scattering: the dipole interaction through a light dark photon gives a momentum-dependent recoil spectrum that standard published spin-independent xenon limits and stock DDCalc-style likelihoods do not cover, and the card records no modern recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a xenon-experiment likelihood framework (DDCalc or an equivalent XENONnT/LZ recast) with the dipole/light-mediator recoil spectrum from the primary paper's formula, scanning (epsilon, m_Aprime, g) at the m_n_prime = 59.9 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03398_dark_antiproton_dark_pion_adm_v1", "model_name": "Dark anti-proton and dark pion asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03398", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is implemented for the two-component p-prime/pi-prime recoil: light-dark-photon exchange gives a momentum-dependent cross section with component-fraction weighting that published contact-interaction spin-independent xenon limits do not directly cover, and the card logs no public likelihood or recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a xenon likelihood framework (DDCalc or an XENONnT/LZ recast) with the dark-photon-propagator recoil spectrum from the primary paper's formula, summing the p-prime and pi-prime components with their asymmetry-fixed fractions at the 29.9 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_05783_light_magnetic_dipole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light magnetic dipole dark matter", "family": "magnetic_dipole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05783", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct-detection bounds on the dipole moment mu rest on historical CDMSLite/SuperCDMS/LUX 90% CL curves; no current-generation likelihood (LZ, XENONnT, SuperCDMS SNOLAB low-mass) is implemented for the magnetic-dipole operator at m_chi below about 10 GeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the dipole interaction onto the nonrelativistic EFT operators (O1, O4, O5, O6 with the appropriate q^2 and 1/q^2 structure) using DirectDM/DDCalc and evaluate current low-threshold experiment likelihoods to update the mu(m_chi) exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_02960_u1d_vectorlike_singlet_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D vector-like singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.02960", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection status is known only from a digitized LUX line at the M_DM = 5 GeV, theta_Z = 1e-2 benchmark; no likelihood maps (g_D, M_ZD, theta_Z, M_DM) to spin-independent limits across the model's viable GeV-scale masses using current experiments.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the loop-induced Z-Z_D mixing spin-independent cross section in DDCalc (or an equivalent public direct-detection likelihood package) and evaluate current XENON/LZ and low-mass (CRESST/DarkSide) likelihoods over the g_D-M_ZD-M_DM space instead of the single published LUX comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04074_singlet_fermion_veltman_v1", "model_name": "Singlet Dirac fermion dark matter with Veltman conditions", "family": "singlet_fermion_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04074", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged direct-detection or Higgs-invisible likelihood exists for this model, and the exclusion inputs on the card (LUX 2013/2016, XENON100, BR<0.20) are 2018-era, so current-generation constraints cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's sigma_SI output into DDCalc (or an equivalent public direct-detection likelihood package) with current LZ/XENONnT data, and apply the latest ATLAS/CMS Higgs-invisible branching limit as a one-parameter constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_04037_resonant_u1_zprime_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonant U(1)' Z-prime portal Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04037", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison uses XENON1T/PandaX-II-era limits that predate current xenon exposures, and no reusable recast exists to confront the model's Z-prime-mediated sigma_SI with LZ/XENONnT data, so present-day exclusion statements cannot be made.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's light-mediator (momentum-dependent) spin-independent cross section through DDCalc or the published LZ/XENONnT efficiency and exposure tables, paying attention to the low-mass mediator propagator suppression, and regenerate the exclusion overlay across the paper's scan ranges.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1465_u1r_u1bl_rh_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter in supersymmetric U(1)_R U(1)_{B-L} seesaw model", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1465", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison step relies on a historical XENON100-era limit curve; no current-generation xenon (LZ/XENONnT) likelihood or recast, including relic-fraction rescaling for subdominant sneutrino abundance, is implemented for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the sigma_SI prediction to a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT data, rescaling by the computed relic fraction, to convert modern SI limits into a current lower bound on v_R.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1808_06816_ohelium_composite_dark_atom_v1", "model_name": "OHe composite dark atom model", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1808.06816", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level likelihood exists for the OHe radiative-capture signal model (target- and temperature-dependent, no nuclear recoil), so DAMA/LIBRA modulation and cryogenic-detector null results cannot be quantitatively compared.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the capture cross sections from gap_1 exist, build a signal model of OHe thermalization in the Earth plus capture-line spectra per target, and implement it against the published DAMA/LIBRA modulation data and NaI (COSINE-100/ANAIS) and cryogenic null-result likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_07987_higgs_portal_dark_qed_v1", "model_name": "Higgs portal to dark QED", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07987", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No statistical likelihood is available for either detection channel: the direct-detection constraint is only an order-of-magnitude epsilon scaling valid in the heavy-mediator limit, with no momentum-dependent treatment for sub-GeV dark-photon masses, and no LHC exotic-Higgs/LLP likelihood exists for the collider channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public direct-detection likelihood package (DDCalc or the XENON/LZ published likelihoods) with the light-mediator form factor sigma(q) ~ 1/(q^2 + m_Aprime^2)^2 for A'-mediated SI scattering, and wrap the gap_1 acceptance grids together with the invisible/exotic Higgs width measurements into a combined collider likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_13159_gravitational_hidden_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "gravitationally produced keV hidden photon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.13159", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled likelihood module exists for the combined constraint step: a XENON1T electronic-recoil spectral likelihood with detector resolution and background model for the narrow 2.7-3 keV absorption line, joined with digitized stellar-cooling/X-ray hidden-photon exclusion curves and the tensor bound, over (m_V, epsilon, H_inf, T_R).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned XENON1T ER likelihood from the public data release with the detector energy resolution and background model applied to the monochromatic absorption line, import stellar-cooling and X-ray decay curves from existing hidden-photon limit compilations, and package all pieces with the analytic relic curve into one scan-ready constraint module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12278_dark_charge_z6_two_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-charge Z6 two-fermion dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.12278", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood or machine-readable detector response is available to convert the boosted F6 flux and the g_N^4 m_e^2 / m_Zprime^4 scattering cross section into a fitted keV-scale recoil spectrum; the card notes the detector response is not provided in machine-readable form.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a boosted-DM electron-recoil likelihood module combining public atomic ionization form factors for xenon (QEDark/DarkELF-style) with the published XENON1T electron-recoil efficiency and background model, taking (m6, boosted velocity, sigma_e) as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_02217_scotozee_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "ScotoZee model with scalar inert dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02217", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood exists for the scalar candidate including the loop-level spin-independent corrections and the O(100 keV) H-A inelastic splitting; the card records likelihood_available: no and detector-level response is not included.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the loop-corrected sigma_SI (following the inert-Higgs loop literature cited by the card) with the inelastic-splitting kinematics and interface it to a public detector likelihood framework such as DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_00702_mirror_electron_sequential_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Mirror electron sequential freeze-in dark matter", "family": "mirror_sector_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.00702", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical direct-detection recast pipeline exists for the loop-induced kinetic-mixing nuclear-recoil cross section: the exact epsilon-scaling formula has not been extracted from the primary paper, so the XENON/LZ exclusion contours in the epsilon-v_prime plane cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recover the cross-section formula from the primary paper, implement sigma_SI(epsilon, m_e_prime) in an existing direct-detection framework such as DDCalc or wimprates, and recast against the published LZ/XENONnT likelihoods to reproduce the paper's limit contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_dirac_fermion_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dirac fermion singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood (detector response, efficiency curves, or digitized exclusion contours) is attached to the card, so loop-induced rates can only be compared by eye to published bound curves rather than evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the computed rates to public detector likelihoods for LZ/XENONnT (e.g. via DDCalc) and digitize the paper's current/future (DARWIN) exclusion figures as an interim validation target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09326_majorana_fermion_t_channel_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana fermion singlet t-channel portal dark matter", "family": "t_channel_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09326", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood (detector response, efficiency curves, or digitized exclusion contours) is attached to the card, so loop-induced rates can only be compared by eye to published bound curves rather than evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the computed rates to public detector likelihoods for LZ/XENONnT (e.g. via DDCalc) and digitize the paper's current/future (DARWIN) exclusion figures as an interim validation target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1102_0492_supersymmetric_leptophilic_higgs_singlino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric leptophilic Higgs singlino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1102.0492", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison uses 2011-era CoGeNT/DAMA/CDMS/XENON curves with no likelihood implementation; no modern spin-independent likelihood has been applied to the model's light (7-10 GeV) singlino with scalar-exchange sigma_SI of order 1e-42 to 1e-40 cm^2.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed sigma_SI(m_chi1) into an existing direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc with current XENONnT/LZ and low-threshold (e.g. DarkSide, SuperCDMS) results for the sub-10 GeV mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11264_two_component_bdm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component boosted dark matter interpretation", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11264", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged XENON1T (or successor xenon TPC) electron-recoil likelihood exists in the card for confronting the predicted boosted-flux recoil spectrum and modulation with data; the comparison step currently has no likelihood at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a binned likelihood from the released XENON1T electronic-recoil spectrum (efficiency and background model from the data release), with a time-binned extension for daily modulation, and package it so the boosted-DM spectrum can be recast against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_scalar_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood or background model is available for this model's spectral constraint-and-fit; the card records only an approximate paper-level treatment with no likelihood table.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a binned Poisson likelihood from the published XENON1T 0.65 tonne-year electron-recoil spectrum with the B0 background model, and update it with XENONnT/LZ electron-recoil data that supersede the original excess.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_spinor_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spinor freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood or background model is available for this model's spectral constraint-and-fit; the card records only an approximate paper-level treatment with no likelihood table.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a binned Poisson likelihood from the published XENON1T 0.65 tonne-year electron-recoil spectrum with the B0 background model, and update it with XENONnT/LZ electron-recoil data that supersede the original excess.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12278_dark_charge_z4_two_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-charge Z4 two-scalar dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.12278", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public XENON1T-style electron-recoil likelihood or boosted-dark-matter detector-response module exists that maps the boosted scalar flux and light-Z-prime scattering cross section to a keV-scale electron recoil spectrum with detector efficiency for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a boosted-DM electron-recoil recast module: combine the free-electron/atomic ionization form factors from public DM-electron scattering tools (e.g. QEDark/DarkELF-style inputs) with the published XENON1T electron-recoil efficiency and background model, and expose it as a likelihood over (m2, m3, g_N, m_Zprime, boosted flux).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_08863_fermionic_inelastic_crdm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic inelastic cosmic-ray-accelerated dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.08863", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged direct-detection likelihood exists for high-energy CRDM recoil spectra in xenon: the PandaX-4T constraint is a paper-level recast with no released efficiency-and-exposure likelihood usable for the relativistic inelastic recoil regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a DDCalc-style likelihood module for PandaX-4T (and XENONnT/LZ) high-recoil data with the published efficiency curves, accepting arbitrary relativistic recoil spectra so the inelastic CRDM prediction can be scored statistically rather than by rate-cut recasting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_13269_scale_invariant_vector_fimp_prebbn_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant Higgs-portal vector FIMP in a fast pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.13269", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The xenon direct-detection constraint on light-scalar-mediated nuclear recoils is recorded with likelihood_available: no and undigitized limit curves, so the sin(theta) ~ 1e-5 to 1e-3 band cannot be statistically evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's scalar-mediated spin-independent cross section into DDCalc (which ships XENON1T and projected XENONnT likelihoods) and add the published PandaX-4T limit, producing per-point log-likelihoods rather than digitized exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_00417_u1x_remnant_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_X remnant scalar dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00417", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or recast handling this model's inelastic gauge-mediated scattering with O(10) GeV splitting combined with a tunable Higgs-portal elastic component; existing xenon limits assume elastic SI scattering.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DDCalc (or an equivalent xenon recast package) with the inelastic kinematic threshold for Delta m up to O(10) GeV plus the elastic Higgs-portal term, and recast LZ/XENONnT limits onto (m_A2, Delta m, lambda_portal).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11844_heavy_zprime_freeze_in_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Heavy invisible Z-prime portal FIMP freeze-in during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11844", "score": 24.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or collider recast exists for the feebly coupled heavy Z-prime portal: the card records likelihood_available no/unknown for all constraints, and no detector-response or cross-section calculation for this benchmark was found, so the laboratory observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nucleon-level scattering cross section from the effective Z-prime-gluon operator, then recast it through public direct-detection likelihood machinery (e.g. DDCalc/DirectDM against LZ and XENONnT releases) and map collider mono-jet limits onto the (m_X, m_Zprime, Lambda) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_13397_local_b_l_dirac_asymmetric_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-and-lepton-number Dirac asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dirac_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13397", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is a quoted TeV-scale threshold from earlier model work, not a recast: no Z_B-mediated Dirac-DM nucleon cross section is computed for this model's charges and no current-experiment likelihood is applied, so the M_DM > 1 TeV boundary is not defensible across mediator masses and couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the spin-independent Z_B-exchange cross section as a function of (M_DM, M_ZB, g_B) from the model's baryonic charges and evaluate it against current LZ/XENONnT exposures with a public likelihood tool (e.g. DDCalc), replacing the imported 1 TeV rule of thumb.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_5243_gmsb_nmssm_light_heavy_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated NMSSM light and heavy dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.5243", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern direct-detection likelihood is available for the ~7 GeV Dirac LDM scattering through a 0.2 GeV kinetically mixed mediator; the card's target region is the now-historical 2010 DAMA/CoGeNT window and current low-threshold limits have not been applied (likelihood_available=no, recasting_needed=yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the (m_L, m_X, epsilon, g_X) parameter space against current low-mass results (XENONnT, LZ, PandaX, DarkSide-50, SuperCDMS) using DDCalc or the experiments' published likelihoods, keeping the light-mediator form factor in the cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_2699_asymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric higgsino dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.2699", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The inelastic direct-detection threshold statement (splitting below about 400 keV excluded by Z-mediated scattering) has never been recast onto modern xenon likelihoods; no implementation of the inelastic recoil spectrum for (mu, m0, sigma_n) against XENONnT/LZ/PandaX data exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the inelastic (delta = m0) Z-mediated recoil spectrum with standard halo kinematics in an inelastic-capable rate code (extend DDCalc/WimPyDD with splitting kinematics) and evaluate against published LZ and XENONnT likelihoods to obtain the modern minimum-splitting contour over mu = 200-1000 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_05443_x_portal_vector_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "X-portal vector MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.05443", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No end-to-end electron-recoil recast pipeline (atomic ionization form factors plus XENON10 detector response and likelihood) exists for the X-portal vector candidate; only qualitative XENON10 consistency is claimed.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine public QEdark/DarkELF xenon ionization form factors with the published XENON10 exposure, threshold, and background model to build a Poisson likelihood over the F_DM=1 X-portal cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_scalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with scalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The critical XENON100/LUX direct-detection comparison has no embedded detector likelihood and is based on outdated limit curves; a modern reusable spin-independent likelihood for the scalar-mediator parameter space is missing.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's sigma_SI(m_d, m_s, g_d, theta) through DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods to replace the cited XENON100/LUX curves and update the excluded region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A: Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint on the Higgs-portal coupling lambda_HP is only a quoted literature requirement (about 1e-9 for m_med below 30 MeV); no recast of current xenon-experiment likelihoods with the light-scalar long-range propagator is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LZ/XENONnT limits with the light-mediator form factor 1/(q^2+m_med^2)^2 for Higgs-portal scalar exchange (e.g. via DDCalc or an equivalent rate code) to produce a lambda_HP(m_DM, m_med) likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_prime_vector_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B': vector-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraints on kinetic mixing (epsilon around 3e-10) and the Higgs portal are only quoted literature requirements; no recast of current xenon-experiment likelihoods with the light-vector long-range propagator is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LZ/XENONnT limits with the light-mediator form factor 1/(q^2+m_med^2)^2 for kinetic-mixing vector and Higgs-portal scalar exchange (e.g. via DDCalc or an equivalent rate code) to produce epsilon and lambda likelihoods over (m_DM, m_med).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_scalar_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B: scalar-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraints on the Higgs-portal couplings are only quoted literature requirements (lambda around 1e-9 for m_med below 30 MeV); no recast of current xenon-experiment likelihoods with the light-scalar long-range propagator is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LZ/XENONnT limits with the light-mediator form factor 1/(q^2+m_med^2)^2 for Higgs-portal scalar exchange (e.g. via DDCalc or an equivalent rate code) to produce portal-coupling likelihoods over (m_DM, m_med).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_c_pwave_scalar_mediator_decay_chain_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model C: p-wave scalar-mediator SIDM with scalar mediator-decay channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraints on the phi and S Higgs-portal mixings are only quoted literature requirements (portal couplings around 1e-9 for m_med below 30 MeV); no recast of current xenon-experiment likelihoods with the light-scalar long-range propagator is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LZ/XENONnT limits with the light-mediator form factor 1/(q^2+m_med^2)^2 for Higgs-portal scalar exchange (e.g. via DDCalc or an equivalent rate code) to produce portal-coupling likelihoods over (m_DM, m_med).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_d_stable_vector_mediator_scalar_annihilation_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model D: stable vector-mediator SIDM with scalar annihilation outlet", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "With kinetic mixing forbidden by the charge-conjugation symmetry, direct detection proceeds only through the Higgs-portal S, and the quoted portal limits are literature values; no recast of current xenon-experiment likelihoods with the light-scalar long-range propagator for this suppressed-mixing configuration is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LZ/XENONnT limits with the light-mediator form factor 1/(q^2+m_S^2)^2 for Higgs-portal scalar exchange (e.g. via DDCalc or an equivalent rate code) to produce a lambda_HS(m_DM, m_S) likelihood for the kinetic-mixing-free configuration.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_16078_scalar_boosted_dark_matter_semiannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Scalar boosted dark matter with semi-annihilation production", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16078", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public XENON1T SR1 electron-recoil likelihood (signal-plus-background, including the tritium hypothesis) is available for fitting the boosted-DM parameters or recasting the loop-induced sigma_e/sigma_N exclusions, whose higher loop order makes the exclusion region especially sensitive to the statistical treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned Poisson likelihood from the published XENON1T SR1 electron-recoil spectrum and background model, plus digitized electron- and nuclear-recoil upper-limit curves, and validate against the paper's 68%/95% fit regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_02803_gauged_inverse_seesaw_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged inverse-seesaw inert-scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.02803", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented likelihood combines the XENON1T spin-independent limit and the ATLAS Br(h to invisible) < 0.11 bound for this model's portal coupling; the card carries only quoted exclusion statements, so the direct-detection and invisible-Higgs exclusions cannot be recomputed for new scan points.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's sigma_SI and Br(h invisible) predictions into DDCalc (XENON1T likelihood, extendable to LZ/XENONnT) and a simple Gaussian/limit likelihood for the ATLAS invisible-width bound, packaged as a reusable constraint module for the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_08863_scalar_inelastic_crdm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar inelastic cosmic-ray-accelerated dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.08863", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged direct-detection likelihood exists for high-energy CRDM recoil spectra in xenon: the PandaX-4T constraint is a paper-level recast with no released efficiency-and-exposure likelihood usable for the relativistic inelastic recoil regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a DDCalc-style likelihood module for PandaX-4T (and XENONnT/LZ) high-recoil data with the published efficiency curves, accepting arbitrary relativistic recoil spectra so the inelastic CRDM prediction can be scored statistically rather than by rate-cut recasting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_08901_inert_triplet_bosonic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Y=0 inert-triplet radiative neutrino model with bosonic dark matter", "family": "inert_triplet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.08901", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or numerical recast exists for the Y=0 BDM Higgs-portal spin-independent cross section; the paper only notes the bound qualitatively, so the current LZ/XENONnT exclusion status of the surviving BDM points is unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the tree-level Higgs-portal SI cross section for eta_R from the scalar-potential couplings (available once the model files of gap_1 exist, or by hand from the standard Higgs-portal formula) and recast against current SI limits using DDCalc, including the relic-fraction rescaling for underproducing points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_12286_dark_neutron_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-sector dark neutron WIMP-baryogenesis model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.12286", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or collider likelihood/recast exists for any concrete mediator benchmark of this model: the mediator sector is left UV-realization dependent, so neutrino-floor comparisons and TeV-scale collider reach statements remain qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Define one or two simplified-model mediator benchmarks (Higgs-portal scalar and massive B-L vector), implement them in FeynRules, and recast with existing tools: DDCalc-style direct-detection likelihoods for nuclear recoils and LHC heavy-resonance/missing-energy searches via MadGraph plus CheckMATE/Contur.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_15533_sterile_neutrino_strong_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino freeze-in at stronger coupling", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.15533", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable direct-detection likelihood (LZ/XENONnT/DARWIN curves are only cited, not ingested) is attached to the route, so sigma_SI predictions from the relic-consistent parameter space cannot be automatically confronted with recoil data.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire DDCalc or digitized public LZ/XENONnT exclusion curves (and DARWIN projections) into the pipeline to return exclusion status or likelihood for (sigma_SI, M) over the GeV-to-tens-of-TeV range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_3523_supersymmetric_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nearly supersymmetric atomic dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.3523", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or recast exists for inelastic dark-atom scattering with atomic form factors: the card's kinetic-mixing observable relies on order-of-magnitude benchmark cross sections from related papers rather than detector-level limits on (epsilon, delta, m_atom).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-atom charge-radius and inelastic form factors from the bound-state wavefunctions and implement the inelastic recoil spectrum in a standard direct-detection recast framework (e.g. DDCalc-style xenon likelihoods) to set limits in the (epsilon, delta, mass) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_0906_degenerate_leptophilic_radiative_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate leptophilic radiative-neutrino-mass dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0906", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No event-rate plus likelihood pipeline exists for the loop-induced inelastic photon-mediated scattering: the charge-charge/dipole-charge/dipole-dipole recoil spectra with inelastic N1-to-N2 kinematics and detector response have not been implemented, and no modern xenon likelihood (XENON1T actual data, XENONnT, LZ) has been recast onto (M_1, M_2 - M_1, M_eta, Im(h_2^* h_1)).", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's loop form factors into an inelastic-DM rate calculator (extend DDCalc or a WimPyDD-style package with delta-splitting kinematics and dipole/charge nuclear responses) and evaluate against published LZ/XENONnT likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0906_degenerate_leptophilic_radiative_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate leptophilic radiative-neutrino-mass dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0906", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The charged-LFV constraint uses pre-MEG bounds with no likelihood; the analytic mu -> e gamma branching ratios have not been confronted with current MEG II limits or a proper likelihood over the Yukawa texture.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's radiative-decay branching-ratio formulas against the MEG II mu -> e gamma limit (and mu -> 3e / mu-e conversion projections) as a simple likelihood module joined to the relic/direct-detection scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_leptophobic_u1b_fermion_x_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophobic U(1)_B fermionic X superpartner cold dark matter", "family": "leptophobic_u1_b_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is available for the Z_B-mediated spin-independent scattering: the card relies on a rescaled 2011 XENON100 limit (likelihood_available: no) and notes that modern xenon limits were never applied to this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the g_B^4/M_ZB^4 spin-independent cross section in a public direct-detection recast tool such as DDCalc and evaluate against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, including low-mass threshold effects flagged in the card's caveats.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_leptophobic_u1b_scalar_x_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophobic U(1)_B scalar X cold dark matter", "family": "leptophobic_u1_b_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is available for the Z_B-mediated spin-independent scattering of scalar X: the card relies on a rescaled 2011 XENON100 limit (likelihood_available: no) and notes that modern xenon limits were never applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the g_B^4/M_ZB^4 spin-independent cross section for scalar X in a public direct-detection recast tool such as DDCalc and evaluate against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, including the low-mass detector-threshold effects flagged in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_05443_x_portal_scalar_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "X-portal scalar MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.05443", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No electron-recoil likelihood: the XENON10 ionization comparison lacks the atomic ionization form factors and detector response/threshold model needed to turn the analytic X-mediated sigma_e into an actual exclusion or projection.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt QEdark (or DarkELF) xenon ionization form factors, fold in the published XENON10 S2-only exposure, threshold, and ionization yield, and build a Poisson-bin likelihood over (m_phi, sigma_e) with F_DM=1, extensible to Si/Ge threshold projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_00037_electron_flavored_dirac_dm_model_i_v1", "model_name": "Electron-flavored Dirac dark matter, Model I", "family": "lepton_flavored_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00037", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged direct-detection likelihood evaluates the loop-induced photon form factors (b_chi, c_chi, mu_chi) against PandaX-II/XENON1T/LUX; the card marks recasting_needed yes and likelihood_available unknown, and the mapping from these electromagnetic operators to nuclear responses is not provided.", "proposed_resolution": "Match the charge-radius, anapole, and magnetic-moment operators onto the nonrelativistic EFT basis with DirectDM and evaluate them with DDCalc's XENON1T/LUX likelihoods (adding a PandaX-II module), validating against the exclusion contours in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09730_natural_amsb_higgsino_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Natural AMSB higgsino-axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09730", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is available for the relic-fraction-rescaled higgsino SI/SD rates; the LUX comparison is a by-hand limit-curve check with no detector likelihood or nuclear-response uncertainty (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the nAMSB spectrum output to DDCalc (or an equivalent public direct-detection likelihood package) with the xi_chi = Omega_chi h^2/0.12 rescaling applied to LUX/LZ event rates, including nuclear-response uncertainties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_02255_s3_majorana_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 Majorana right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.02255", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable likelihoods connect the model's predictions to the quoted experimental bounds: LUX(2017)/PICO-60(2017) spin-dependent limits and the MEG BR(mu->e gamma) < 4.2e-13 bound are used only as figure-level comparisons (likelihood_available at best partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the computed sigma_SD to DDCalc's LUX/PICO-60 likelihood modules (or current LZ/PICO successors) and implement the MEG bound as a one-sided Gaussian/Poisson likelihood in a flavor package such as FlavorKit/SPheno output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_14089_inelastic_dark_photon_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic dark-photon Dirac fermion thermal relic for the XENON1T excess", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.14089", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood with the B0 background model is implemented for this model; the spectral fit exists only at the approximate paper level, so the best-fit region in (delta, M_chi, epsilon) cannot be reproduced quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned Poisson likelihood from the published XENON1T 0.65 tonne-year electron-recoil spectrum and background model (and update to XENONnT ER data, which supersedes the excess), exposing it as a wrapper the recoil-rate code can call.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_16078_fermion_boosted_dark_matter_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Fermion boosted dark matter with annihilation production", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16078", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public XENON1T SR1 electron-recoil likelihood (signal-plus-background, including the tritium hypothesis) is available for fitting the boosted-DM parameters or recasting the loop-induced sigma_e/sigma_N exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned Poisson likelihood from the published XENON1T SR1 electron-recoil spectrum and background model, plus digitized electron- and nuclear-recoil upper-limit curves, and validate against the paper's 68%/95% fit regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_16078_scalar_boosted_dark_matter_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Scalar boosted dark matter with annihilation production", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16078", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public XENON1T SR1 electron-recoil likelihood (signal-plus-background, including the tritium hypothesis) is available for fitting the boosted-DM parameters or recasting the loop-induced sigma_e/sigma_N exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned Poisson likelihood from the published XENON1T SR1 electron-recoil spectrum and background model, plus digitized electron- and nuclear-recoil upper-limit curves, and validate against the paper's 68%/95% fit regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2206_02233_thermal_mass_lmu_ltau_freeze_in_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermally corrected U(1)_Lmu-Ltau freeze-in scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.02233", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The U(1)_Lmu-Ltau laboratory and LZ direct-detection constraints are applied only as approximate overlay summaries; no reusable combined likelihood over (m_Zprime, g_mu_tau, s_theta, sigma_SI) exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published neutrino-trident, COHERENT/CEvNS, Borexino, ATLAS/CMS Z-to-four-muon, Higgs signal-strength, and LZ limits into a combined likelihood module (e.g. within GAMBIT or a standalone overlay package) parameterized by the model's gauge and scalar-mixing parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_11918_su2_center_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) center-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.11918", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection and Higgs-invisible constraints are applied only as digitized limit curves with component-fraction rescaling; no likelihood pipeline evaluates XENON1T/LZ statistically for the two-component rescaled recoil rate (likelihood_available no on both constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the per-component sigma_SI values, weighted by predicted Omega_i/Omega_DM fractions, into DDCalc's XENON1T and LZ likelihoods, and impose Br(h -> invisible) < 0.13 analytically within the same scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_scalar_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 22.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or collider recast exists for the feeble moduli-portal couplings of the scalar FIMP: likelihood_available is no/unknown for all constraints and no recoil or collider rate calculation appears in the read text, so the laboratory observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nucleon-level scattering cross section induced by real and axial modulus exchange (via the Higgs and gauge-boson couplings), recast it through public direct-detection likelihoods (e.g. DDCalc against LZ and XENONnT), and map collider null searches onto the (m_X, m_phi, Lambda) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_10112_gauged_charged_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged charged complex scalar dark matter with dark Higgs and dark photon", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.10112", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison for Higgs-mediated scattering of MeV-GeV scalar dark matter lacks a likelihood: standard tools are calibrated for heavier WIMPs, and low-threshold nuclear- and electron-recoil limits relevant near the 10 GeV upper edge and below are only available as published exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize current low-mass exclusion curves (e.g. sub-GeV to 10 GeV nuclear-recoil and Migdal/electron-recoil limits) and wrap them, or the corresponding DDCalc-style detector modules where available, into a reusable likelihood over (m_X, sigma_elastic).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1207_4235_vector_like_lepton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like lepton dark matter", "family": "vector_like_lepton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1207.4235", "score": 22.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for any of the model's constraints: the Higgs diphoton fit uses 2012-era data, direct-detection comparisons rely on superseded XENON100/COUPP limits, and the CMS mono-photon spin-dependent bound is not applicable without a dedicated simulation-based recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a combined likelihood using a modern Higgs signal-strength fit (e.g. Lilith or HiggsSignals) for R_gamma_gamma, DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT and PICO likelihoods for SI/SD scattering, and a MadGraph+recast (CheckMATE/MadAnalysis) implementation of compressed-spectrum LEP/LHC charged-lepton searches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_4858_millicharged_atomic_dm_hyperfine_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate millicharged atomic dark matter with hyperfine inelastic scattering", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4858", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No inelastic-recoil likelihood exists for the ~15 keV hyperfine (singlet-to-triplet) transition of degenerate atomic dark matter: the only detector comparison is the paper's hand-made CoGeNT/Xenon-era one, so the critical direct-detection observable cannot be evaluated against current experiments.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an inelastic-dark-matter recast pipeline (DDCalc-style likelihood with a mass-splitting delta = E_hf and the paper's hyperfine matrix element in place of the standard SI form factor) to modern xenon-target data (LZ/XENONnT), first validating by reproducing the paper's CoGeNT benchmark at alpha_prime ~ 0.06, m_H ~ 6 GeV, E_hf ~ 15 keV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_6646_secluded_dm_hidden_cft_v1", "model_name": "Secluded dark matter coupled to a hidden CFT", "family": "secluded_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.6646", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented direct-detection recast distinguishes the elastic Dirac case (requiring epsilon_0 of order 1e-6) from the inelastic near-degenerate Majorana-split case that reopens the parameter space; the current treatment is a quoted inequality with OCR-level numerical uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the hidden-vector-mediated nuclear scattering rate (elastic and inelastic kinematics with the mass splitting as a parameter) in DDCalc or an equivalent recast against current xenon-experiment exclusion data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_08430_complex_scalar_dark_higgs_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light-dark-Higgs complex scalar sub-GeV dark matter", "family": "sub_gev_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.08430", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The electron-recoil direct-detection route lacks an implemented detector-response recast: only approximate XENON10/XENON100-scale sigma_e bounds are quoted, and current SENSEI/DAMIC/XENON1T-S2 low-threshold data with semiconductor and noble-liquid response functions are not applied to this model's parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's (epsilon, alpha_D, m_phi, m_V) points to sigma_e with the standard heavy-mediator form factor and evaluate rates with QEdark/DarkELF material responses against current published SENSEI, DAMIC-M, and XENON electron-recoil likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_02947_dark_u1x_vector_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_X vector Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.02947", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection filtering uses the 2018 XENON1T limit curve without relic-fraction rescaling in a packaged likelihood; a current global fit needs post-2018 limits (LZ, XENONnT) applied with Omega_X/Omega_obs rescaling for the subcomponent regions where the GW signal is detectable.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published LZ/XENONnT efficiency-and-exposure likelihoods (e.g. via DDCalc) with automatic sigma_SI rescaling by the computed relic fraction, and rerun the paper's scan filter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_10739_electroweak_symmetric_dark_matter_ball_v1", "model_name": "Electroweak symmetric dark matter ball", "family": "macroscopic_higgs_portal_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.10739", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public detector likelihood exists for macroscopic multi-scatter/track signatures (multi-hit selections, thresholds, and dead-time effects) in XENON1T, BOREXINO, JUNO, or DUNE, nor for the tens-of-MeV bound-state capture energy deposition channel; current reaches are paper-level estimates rather than collaboration likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Poisson multiple-scatter exposure likelihood with experiment-specific geometry, threshold, and trigger models, following the published DEAP-3600 multi-scatter search methodology as a template, and extend it with a capture-energy deposition response model for the liquid-scintillator detectors.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_04818_gauged_lepton_dark_sector_cp_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged lepton-number dark-sector CP-violating fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04818", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihoods exist for the model's constraint set: leptophilic Z-prime collider searches, direct detection, and the electron-EDM bound are only quoted parametrically in the paper (likelihood_available is 'no' for both constraints), so no combined viability scan can be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published leptophilic Z-prime search limits (LEP, LHC dilepton), xenon direct-detection limits, and the ACME d_e bound into a joint likelihood over (M_Zprime, gprime, m_chi, q, lambda_SH, eta), including the two-loop EDM estimate from the paper as the EDM observable map.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2008_05029_effective_right_handed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Effective right-handed sterile-neutrino dark matter with SM gauge interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.05029", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public likelihood implements the XENON1T low-energy electron-recoil fit for this model; the allowed (m_N, G_R^l) bands exist only as figures in the paper, blocking numerical recasting and updates with newer xenon (XENONnT/LZ) electron-recoil data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned chi-square likelihood from the released XENON1T SR1 electron-recoil spectrum and background model (and its XENONnT successor), convolving the model dR/dE_R with detector efficiency and resolution, validated against the paper's best-fit bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_01522_chiral_b_l_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Chiral U(1) B-L scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.01522", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The direct-detection, collider, and CDF-motivated oblique-parameter constraints are applied only as digitized curve pass-fail comparisons; no statistical likelihood combines LZ/XENON1T recoil data, ATLAS dilepton Z' limits, and the S,T,U fit for this model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a scan-level likelihood by wrapping DDCalc for the LZ/XENON1T spin-independent limits, a ZPEED-style dilepton likelihood for the Z' bounds, and a Gaussian S,T,U electroweak-fit term, then run it over the gap_1 model implementation in a GAMBIT-like or custom scanner.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_07832_superheavy_vectorlike_doublet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy vector-like doublet WIMP from incomplete thermalization", "family": "superheavy_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.07832", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection mass reach (m_DM > 2.7e9 GeV, future reach ~1.3e12 GeV) rests on the source's flux-scaled reinterpretation of XENON1T 2018; no modern detector likelihood with proper efficiencies and halo-model dependence has been run for the ultra-heavy Z-mediated benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the benchmark sigma_SI ~ 2.3e-39 cm^2 Z-exchange cross section through a current xenon likelihood (e.g. DDCalc or the released XENONnT/LZ likelihoods) extended to ultra-heavy masses where the rate scales as 1/m_DM, including halo-model variations and published exclusion tables in m_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded Dirac WIMP with U(1) prime vector mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The direct-detection and collider exclusions are frozen at historical XENON/LEP2/Tevatron limits: no modern recast maps the charge-radius nuclear scattering and dark-photon production bounds onto the (m_chi, m_V, epsilon, e_prime) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current LZ/XENONnT spin-independent likelihoods (via DDCalc) using the charge-radius cross section, and map modern dark-photon visible/invisible search limits (e.g. via DarkCast and LHC dark-photon recasts) onto epsilon versus m_V for this model's coupling structure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_3967_asymmetric_inelastic_scalar_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric inelastic scalar doublet dark matter from triplet scalar leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.3967", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the inelastic Z-mediated recoil comparison used to test this model: the DAMA versus Xenon100/CDMS-II/CRESST-II Bayesian analysis is private and source-era, and no modern (XENONnT/LZ) recast of the multi-TeV inelastic scalar-doublet region is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an open direct-detection package (e.g. DDCalc or wimprates) with inelastic kinematics for O(keV) splitting at multi-TeV masses and wrap DAMA modulation plus current xenon-experiment likelihoods with explicit halo-velocity-distribution priors.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_2962_z4_two_sector_scalar_semi_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Z4 two-sector scalar semi-annihilation dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2962", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern multicomponent direct-detection likelihood exists that weights each stable Z4 component's normalized SI cross section by its local fraction xi_i; the card's comparison uses only XENON100-era limits with partial likelihood availability.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a DDCalc-based pipeline to sum component-weighted recoil spectra (xi_1 sigma_1 + xi_2 sigma_2 at their respective masses) and evaluate against LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, replacing the source's single-component XENON100-era normalized-cross-section comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_3116_next_minimal_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Next minimal Dirac dark matter model", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.3116", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The direct-detection status rests on 2012-era CoGeNT/DAMA target regions and XENON100/CDMSII null results; no modern low-mass likelihood (LZ, XENONnT, SuperCDMS, DarkSide low-threshold analyses) has been applied to the 5-15 GeV Dirac candidate, so present-day viability of the critical recoil observable is undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the light-H_L-mediated spin-independent cross section against current low-mass likelihoods using DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT) plus published SuperCDMS/DarkSide-50 low-threshold limits, replacing the historical CoGeNT/DAMA regions as the fit target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_0287_susy_scalar_n1_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric scalar N1 cogenesis dark matter model", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_cogenesis_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.0287", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is available for the 8-10 GeV, sigma_SI about 1e-41 cm^2 target region (likelihood_available is 'no'); the card only records source-era CDMS-Si/CoGeNT versus XENON comparisons, with no modern low-mass likelihood applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the analytic sigma_SI(m_N1, M_X, lambda_i) output of step s1 into a DDCalc-style likelihood covering modern low-mass experiments (e.g. LZ, XENONnT, SuperCDMS) to replace the contested source-era CDMS-Si/CoGeNT interpretation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_4138_pq_leptoquark_diquark_mixed_axion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Peccei-Quinn leptoquark-diquark mixed axion-WIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4138", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection and Higgs-invisible constraints are frozen at 2013 XENON100/126-GeV-Higgs statements; no current likelihood recast exists that weights the Higgs-portal sigma_SI by the scalar subcomponent fraction Omega_1/Omega_DM.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast with current xenon-experiment limits and Higgs invisible-width measurements via a DDCalc-style likelihood, scaling the event rate by the computed local subcomponent fraction over the (m_1, lambda_h, F_a) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_4138_pq_scotogenic_mixed_axion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Peccei-Quinn scotogenic mixed axion-WIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4138", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection and Higgs-invisible statements are 2013-era (XENON100, early 126 GeV Higgs data) and no modern likelihood is attached; current xenon-experiment limits must be applied with the scalar subcomponent fraction Omega_1/Omega_DM as an explicit rescaling parameter.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the Higgs-portal sigma_SI prediction into an existing direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) plus a current Higgs-invisible-width likelihood, with the local-density fraction rescaled by the computed scalar relic fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03166_annihilation_product_direct_detection_dm_v1", "model_name": "Annihilation-product direct-detection dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03166", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood is available for recasting xenon/germanium data onto the relativistic Y signal (con_lux_relativistic_y_scattering has likelihood_available: no), so the 10 MeV-1 GeV LUX-sensitive window cannot be updated to current experiments.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood from published LZ/XENONnT and SuperCDMS efficiency curves and background models, parameterized in (m_X, m_Y, sigma_v, Y-nucleus cross section) with the Galactic-center flux normalization as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03507_hidden_sector_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector self-interacting dark matter with light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03507", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct-detection bounds on the hidden-visible mixing use LUX/SuperCDMS contact-style recasts (likelihood_available: partial); no likelihood retains the light-mediator 1/(q^2+m_phi^2)^2 propagator shape needed for the peaked low-recoil spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DDCalc-style recasts of current xenon and low-threshold experiments with the light-mediator momentum-dependent cross section in (epsilon, m_phi, m_chi, alpha_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_00508_accidental_real_singlet_z2_v1", "model_name": "Accidental real singlet scalar dark matter in scale-invariant local B-L", "family": "accidental_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00508", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current xenon direct-detection likelihood is wired to this model; the card's exclusion rests on 2013-era LUX/XENON100 bounds quoted by the primary paper, so the surviving lambda_sh/m_S parameter space under LZ/XENONnT is not evaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from the Higgs-portal coupling with f_N = 0.3 and evaluate it against DDCalc (or the published LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) to produce an updated exclusion in the (m_S, lambda_sh) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_06783_gev_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "GeV-scale mixed sneutrino dark matter with Dirac neutrinos", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.06783", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No low-mass direct-detection likelihood exists for the ~1 GeV sneutrino: the LUX/SuperCDMS comparison uses source-era limits, and modern low-threshold experiments (which dominate at GeV masses where sigma_SI ~ 1e-42 cm^2) have not been recast against this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a DDCalc-style likelihood framework with current low-threshold datasets (e.g. SuperCDMS HVeV/CRESST-III/XENONnT low-mass analyses, including Migdal-effect channels relevant near 1 GeV) and evaluate it on the model's sigma_SI(m_snu1, theta, A_nu).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_03333_u1x_dark_sector_scalar_phi0_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X dark-sector singlet-scalar phi0 dark matter", "family": "u1x_scalar_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.03333", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The direct-detection and collider constraint step has no wired-in likelihoods: the LUX tension is quoted from the source without a modern recast, and only a partial monojet likelihood is noted for invisible decays of the 750 GeV resonance, so current exclusions on the parameter space cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the reconstructed model implementation to a public direct-detection likelihood (e.g. DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT data) and recast current ATLAS/CMS monojet and resonance searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis, replacing the historical LUX and 750 GeV-era inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_00037_electron_flavored_dirac_dm_model_ii_v1", "model_name": "Electron-flavored Dirac dark matter, Model II", "family": "lepton_flavored_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00037", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged direct-detection likelihood evaluates the loop-induced photon form factors of this model against PandaX-II/XENON1T/LUX; recasting_needed is yes and the operator-to-nuclear-response mapping is external to the primary text.", "proposed_resolution": "Match the charge-radius, anapole, and magnetic-moment operators onto the nonrelativistic EFT basis with DirectDM and evaluate with DDCalc's XENON1T/LUX likelihoods plus a PandaX-II module, validating against the primary paper's exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_00585_z2_scalar_neutrino_mass_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd scalar dark matter in the N=1 generalized one-loop neutrino-mass model", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.00585", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No inelastic scalar-doublet direct-detection likelihood exists for this model: the Z-mediated scattering is kinematically suppressed by the CP-even/odd splitting Delta m_RI, and generic elastic WIMP-nucleon limits (e.g. the quoted XENON1T benchmark) cannot be applied without an inelastic recast of the detector response.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing direct-detection recast framework (e.g. DDCalc or a likelihood package with XENON1T/LZ response tables) to inelastic kinematics with splitting Delta m_RI ~ 100 keV plus the residual Higgs-portal elastic channel, producing a joint likelihood in (M_X, Delta m_RI, lambda_HX).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00007_scalar_scotogenic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal scotogenic model with inert scalar dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00007", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is only partially served: XENON1T/PandaX-II limits are cited but recasting_needed is 'yes' and only a partial likelihood exists, so the sigma_SI prediction cannot be turned into a statistically well-defined constraint on the quartics and mass splitting.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the analytic Higgs-portal sigma_SI into a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc (XENON1T and later LZ implementations), including the model's mass-splitting-dependent inelastic thresholds where relevant.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05967_dark_u1x_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Dark U(1)_X Majorana WIMP for b -> s anomalies", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05967", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No bundled or portable likelihood exists for either the flavor fit (R_K, R_K*, B_s -> mu mu, B_s mixing — whose world averages have shifted since the paper) or the direct-detection exclusion (only XENON1T benchmark contours were read); both constraints are flagged recasting_needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's Wilson coefficients into flavio/smelli for a current global b -> s ll and B_s-mixing likelihood, and pass the sigma_SI predictions through DDCalc with XENON1T/XENONnT/LZ likelihoods, exposing a combined flavor+relic+direct-detection likelihood over (M_-, g_X, theta_H, m_H2, lambda_q, lambda_l).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_12635_fermionic_absorption_charged_current_v1", "model_name": "Charged-current fermionic absorption dark matter", "family": "fermionic_absorption_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12635", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment-level likelihood exists for the charged-current absorption event topology (prompt electron plus nuclear recoil with de-excitation or delayed daughter-decay tags) in xenon/argon or neutrino detectors; only qualitative sensitivity reach is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood from published detector data (e.g. XENONnT/PandaX-4T electron-recoil and delayed-coincidence datasets) including a detector response and timing model for the multi-component topology, packaged as a Poisson/profile likelihood over (m_chi, Lambda_CC).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11938_inelastic_scalar_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon-mediated inelastic scalar dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11938", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged XENON1T electronic-recoil spectral likelihood or dark-photon laboratory/cosmology exclusion likelihood is available in the card (likelihood_available partial/no); both the signal-region fit and the viability bounds were not rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned XENON1T ER likelihood from the public data release and combine it with Darkcast-recast dark-photon search limits plus lifetime/energy-injection bounds into a single scan-ready constraint module for the (m1, delta, m_A', epsilon, g_D) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_03216_su2d_vector_multipole_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D complex vector dark matter with electromagnetic multipole moments", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.03216", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Experiment-specific likelihoods and efficiency tables for XENON1T, SuperCDMS, PICO-60, and CRESST-III are not bundled with the route, so exclusion contours can only be reproduced approximately from digitized 90% C.L. curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published efficiency curves and exposures into binned Poisson likelihoods for the four experiments and validate against the paper's XENON1T and CRESST-III limit curves before scanning model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_01214_scotogenic_inert_scalar_top_fcnc_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inert scalar dark matter with Z2-odd vector-like quarks", "family": "scotogenic_inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01214", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No statistical likelihoods are implemented for any of the card's constraints (likelihood_available is 'no' for the HL-LHC FCNC sensitivity, XENON1T SI limit, and Higgs signal strengths); comparisons are single-number limit checks requiring manual recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the analytic sigma_SI into DDCalc for a proper XENON1T likelihood, encode the quoted ATLAS/CMS/HL-LHC rare-top BR sensitivity tables as a simple Gaussian/Poisson likelihood, and use Lilith or HiggsSignals for the Higgs signal-strength constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_07204_su6_so6_composite_pngb_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(6)/SO(6) composite pNGB singlet dark matter with dark top partners", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07204", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood exists for the spin-independent pNGB-nucleon cross section; only phenomenology-level bound comparisons are available, including the momentum-suppressed shift-symmetric regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from C_hS and f using standard nucleon matrix elements and wire it into DDCalc-style likelihoods for LZ/XENONnT, including the derivative-portal momentum suppression of the pNGB coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_00705_dark_sector_seeded_nelson_barr_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Dark-sector seeded Nelson-Barr scalar WIMP", "family": "scalar_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00705", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable LZ/XENONnT/DARWIN likelihood or digitized exclusion contour is attached for the sigma_SI recast; the paper's direct-detection comparison exists only as an undigitized figure.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's sigma_SI output to DDCalc (or digitized LZ 2022 and projected XENONnT/DARWIN curves) to produce reproducible pass/fail limits over (m_eta1, portal couplings).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_10898_type_ii_scalar_triplet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II radiative scalar triplet dark matter with vector-like lepton doublets", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10898", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable XENONnT solar-neutrino electron-recoil likelihood for transition magnetic moments is available: the paper's chi-square analysis, including solar flux, oscillation, detector efficiency, and energy-smearing assumptions, is not released as code, so the mu_alpha_beta bounds cannot be recomputed or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the XENONnT electron-recoil binned likelihood (published efficiency and resolution curves, B8/Be7/pp solar fluxes with standard oscillation probabilities) as an open module, e.g. within a direct-detection likelihood framework, exposing transition magnetic moments mu_e_mu, mu_e_tau, mu_mu_tau as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_12762_type_ii_seesaw_asymmetric_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Type-II seesaw asymmetric Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.12762", "score": 20.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Higgs-portal parameter space (alpha, lambda_DM, M_h2 at M_chi=7.76 GeV) has only 2019-era LUX/XENON and LHC Higgs contours; no recast against current XENONnT/LZ spin-independent limits and updated Higgs invisible-width/signal-strength measurements exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI and Br_inv from the mixed-scalar couplings and recast with public likelihoods (e.g. DDCalc for LZ/XENONnT and Lilith or HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds for the Higgs sector), reproducing the source's allowed white region as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0903_3945_composite_inelastic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Composite Inelastic Dark Matter", "family": "composite_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0903.3945", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reconstructed DAMA annual-modulation likelihood exists for the CiDM fit, and the XENON10 high-recoil constraint is available only as a published exclusion contour rather than a reusable likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned DAMA/LIBRA modulation likelihood from the released modulation spectra and digitize/refit the XENON10 75-keVnr iDM analysis into a Poisson likelihood, so DAMA-favored and xenon-excluded regions can be compared statistically for CiDM parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1405_3692_hypercharge_impure_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hypercharge Impure Split Dirac Supersymmetry Higgsino dark matter", "family": "higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.3692", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level inelastic direct-detection likelihood for the pseudo-Dirac Higgsino: existing xenon recast codes implement elastic kinematics, so the delta m ~ 200-250 keV inelastic threshold suppression (velocity integral over the upscattering-allowed tail, detector recoil threshold below ~50 keVnr) cannot be evaluated quantitatively against current xenon data.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public xenon likelihood code (DDCalc-type) with inelastic dark matter kinematics — minimum velocity v_min(E_R, delta m) in the velocity integral — and produce exclusion contours in the (mu, delta m) plane for LZ/XENONnT exposures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_4749_s3_two_inert_doublet_degenerate_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 three-Higgs-doublet model with degenerate CP-even inert scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.4749", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized direct-detection likelihood with component-fraction scaling is available: the LUX/XENON comparison is read from the source figure and the recast assumption that recoil rates scale with the local H2^0/H3^0 fractions is not implemented anywhere.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a two-component recoil-rate recast that weights each component's sigma_SI by its relic fraction and feeds it into DDCalc or digitized xenon-experiment likelihood curves, registered against con_degenerate_direct_detection.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12663_fermionic_u1x_higgs_charge_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic U(1)_X dark matter with Higgs charge and kinetic mixing", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12663", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection comparison is a limit-curve overlay: no xenon (LZ/XENONnT) likelihood is wired to the model's isospin-violating sigma_SI prediction (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes), so the tuned proton/neutron cancellation region cannot be statistically assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's per-nucleon couplings (f_p != f_n) to a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc, which handles isospin-violating couplings, and rerun the epsilon-q_H scan with the current LZ/XENONnT exposures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0364_u1x_three_higgs_neutral_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X three-Higgs-doublet neutral fermion dark matter", "family": "vector_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0364", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is available for the spin-dependent Z-prime scattering signal: the card's only comparison is the 2012-era Xenon100 limit, and modern spin-dependent xenon likelihoods (LZ, XENONnT) have not been recast onto this model's (M_DM, M_Zprime, g_X) parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's sigma_SD onto current published spin-dependent limits using DDCalc (or the LZ/XENONnT public likelihood tables), driven by the sigma_SD output of the gap_1 scanner.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0506_spin_3_2_effective_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Spin-3/2 effective dark matter", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0506", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection exclusions rest on XENON100/CDMS-era limits with no likelihood; no recast of the operator-dependent SI and SD cross sections onto modern xenon exposures (LZ, XENONnT) exists for this model's (M, G_i^f, operator) parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Map each operator's nonrelativistic nucleon response onto DDCalc/current LZ and XENONnT likelihoods, reproducing the paper's XENON100 exclusion of flavor-universal operators 5 and 9 as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_u1_prime_extra_doublet_fermion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' extra doublet neutral fermion cold dark matter", "family": "u1_prime_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is available for the doublet candidate's gauge-mediated spin-independent scattering: the card relies on a rescaled 2011 XENON100 limit (likelihood_available: no) and modern xenon limits were never applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z'- and Z-mediated nucleon cross section in a public direct-detection recast tool such as DDCalc and evaluate against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, checking the strong Z-exchange bound on an unsplit electroweak doublet.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_0491_electroweak_multiplet_gauge_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "TeV-scale electroweak multiplet gauge-portal dark matter for Higgs stability", "family": "gauge_portal_electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0491", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No ready direct-detection likelihood recast exists for this model family: the loop-level gauge-mediated spin-independent cross section and the lambda_eff Higgs-portal contribution for each candidate multiplet have not been assembled into a current-experiment likelihood pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI per representation (loop-level electroweak plus lambda_eff portal terms) and evaluate against current xenon-experiment limits through a public likelihood tool such as DDCalc, scanning (M_EW, n, Y, lambda_eff).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1410_5432_scale_free_ewbg_singlino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scale-free electroweak-baryogenesis singlino dark matter", "family": "singlino_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.5432", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Higgs-resonant singlino region is only checked against paper-era direct-detection prospects (XENON1T testability); no current-generation (LZ/XENONnT) direct-detection recast or likelihood is attached, although the SI cross section itself is analytic.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from the lambda_eff h s s coupling with standard nuclear form factors and compare the (m_s ~ 60 GeV, lambda_eff ~ 0.01) region against published LZ/XENONnT limit curves, optionally via a public direct-detection likelihood package.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3730_higgs_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal self-interacting dark matter with light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3730", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct-detection exclusion of the light-mediator scenario is only partially available: existing LUX/SuperCDMS-style limits assume contact interactions, and no recast with the q^2-dependent light-scalar propagator plus detector efficiency and threshold curves exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DDCalc (or an NREFT framework such as DirectDM+DMFormFactor) with the light-mediator momentum-dependent cross section and published efficiency/threshold curves for current xenon and low-threshold experiments, producing likelihoods in (m_X, m_phi, portal mixing).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_01267_unitary_spin1_schannel_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Unitarity-consistent spin-1 s-channel Dirac dark matter model", "family": "spin1_simplified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01267", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented statistical recast combines mono-W, monojet, and dijet LHC signal regions with the isospin-violating direct-detection amplitude for this model; the card marks collider and direct-detection likelihoods as not run and the collider likelihood as only partially available, with mono-W signal regions absent from standard recast suites.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS mono-W (hadronic and leptonic) signal regions in a public recast framework such as MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE alongside existing monojet/dijet analyses, and couple the resulting collider likelihood to a direct-detection likelihood evaluated with the model's isospin-violating nucleon couplings for a combined exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_01903_vector_like_sneutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "vector-like sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.01903", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is available for this model: only the original LUX limit curve was used, and the inelastic-splitting suppression of Z exchange requires kinematics beyond a standard elastic SI recast against modern xenon data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Higgs-mediated elastic SI cross section through DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT data, and add an inelastic-DM rate calculation (minimum-velocity shift for Delta m_snu ~ 100 keV) to verify Z-exchange suppression against the same datasets.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02699_u1_vectorlike_quark_inert_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1) vector-like quark model with inert scalar dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02699", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint uses only the outdated LUX upper limit as a hard cut; no modern (LZ/XENONnT-era) likelihood recast of the loop-induced Z-prime spin-independent scattering exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the loop-induced sigma_SI prediction through DDCalc (or the experiments' published likelihoods) for current LZ/XENONnT exposures, replacing the fixed 2.2e-46 cm^2 LUX cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_05723_kinetically_mixed_lmutau_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically mixed L_mu-L_tau Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05723", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Xenon direct-detection limits are published assuming equal proton/neutron couplings, while the kinetic-mixing-induced Z/Z' couplings here are isospin-violating; the card flags this normalization issue and records likelihood_available: no, so no likelihood correctly maps the model's sigma_SI onto XENON1T/XENONnT/DARWIN curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Use DDCalc (or an equivalent xenon likelihood package) with the model's per-nucleon couplings f_p and f_n computed from the mixed Z/Z' vertices, rather than rescaled published sigma_SI curves, and package this as a reusable likelihood for the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_12635_fermionic_absorption_neutral_current_v1", "model_name": "Neutral-current fermionic absorption dark matter", "family": "fermionic_absorption_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12635", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level likelihood is interfaced for the absorption line signatures: nuclear-recoil constraints exist only as projected sensitivity curves, and the PandaX-4T electron-recoil constraint is available only as a published recast without a reusable likelihood, so limits on Lambda_NC cannot be recomputed for new parameter points or combined across targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Build simplified Poisson/binned likelihoods from public data releases (PandaX-4T low-energy electron recoils; xenon/argon nuclear-recoil efficiency and background tables) for a monoenergetic deposit at the m_chi-set energy, and package them as registry likelihood modules keyed to (m_chi, Lambda_NC).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_11325_b_minus_l_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-mass weakly coupled B-L gauge boson Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "b_minus_l_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.11325", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No ready direct-detection likelihood handles the light-Z_BL regime: the card flags that below the recoil-momentum scale the contact approximation fails, and likelihood_available is unknown for the XENON1T/DarkSide-50/LUX/PandaX-II constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc) with the M_ZBL-dependent propagator form factor (1/(q^2 + M_ZBL^2))^2 and recast the published XENON1T, DarkSide-50, LUX, and PandaX-II limits onto the (g_BL g_chi, M_ZBL, m_chi) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_14421_pico_charged_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pico-charged particles from dark matter decay", "family": "decaying_pico_charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.14421", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood exists for the relativistic pico-charged C scattering spectrum, so the bound f < 1.5e-6 (and its sensitivity to the lowest energy bin) cannot be reproduced or updated with XENONnT data.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the C-electron t-channel photon/dark-photon exchange recoil spectrum, fold it with the published XENON1T ER efficiency and background model to reconstruct a binned likelihood, and reproduce the f ~ 1.5e-6 (all bins) versus ~1e-5 (lowest bin excluded) bounds before extending to XENONnT.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_02413_muon_g2_higgs_coupled_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Muon-g-2 Model I Higgs-coupled Majorana WIMP", "family": "muon_g2_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "2204.02413", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood is implemented for the tree-level Higgs-mediated sigma_SI (likelihood_available is 'no'; the paper only summarizes limit curves), so the direct-detection constraint is a by-eye limit comparison rather than a statistical recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the analytic Higgs-exchange sigma_SI into DDCalc (or the published LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) to obtain proper exclusion statistics over the m_DM and y_1H, y_2H benchmark plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_15653_hadrophilic_uv_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV hadrophilic UV freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.15653", "score": 20.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast pipeline exists for the sub-GeV hadrophilic nuclear-recoil predictions: current flagship direct-detection likelihoods lose sensitivity below ~10 GeV and the future low-threshold targets (1e-45 to 1e-43 cm^2) are only projection curves, not evaluable statistics.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a low-threshold detector recast (e.g. via a DDCalc-style extension with sub-GeV nuclear-recoil response and Migdal channels for existing data, plus parameterized sensitivity curves for proposed kg-year experiments) mapped to the model's sigma_chi-n after relic matching.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_07204_su6_sp6_composite_pngb_complex_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(6)/Sp(6) composite pNGB complex singlet dark matter with dark top partners", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07204", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood exists for the spin-independent complex-pNGB-nucleon cross section; only phenomenology-level bound comparisons are available, including the momentum-suppressed shift-symmetric regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_SI from C_hS and f using standard nucleon matrix elements and wire it into DDCalc-style likelihoods for LZ/XENONnT, including the derivative-portal momentum suppression of the pNGB coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06226_low_reheating_dark_photon_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating dark-photon freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.06226", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable direct-detection likelihoods are wired to this model: electronic-recoil (DAMIC-M, DarkSide, PandaX, SENSEI, XENON1T) and nuclear-recoil (PandaX, XENON1T) constraints are applied as digitized exclusion curves for the ultralight-mediator (1/q^4 form factor) cross section, preventing statistically consistent parameter scans.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published experimental efficiency/exposure data into reusable likelihoods — e.g. implement the light-mediator form factor in DDCalc/obscura-style electron- and nuclear-recoil rate codes and couple them to the released exclusion data of each experiment.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_1391_inelastic_vector_isospin_violating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic vector-exchange isospin-violating dark matter", "family": "isospin_violating_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.1391", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public direct-detection likelihood implements pseudo-Dirac inelastic scattering (delta ~ 5 keV splitting) with the isospin-violating f_p/f_n ~ -1.5 interference of a kinetically mixed Z-prime and a baryonic vector, evaluated consistently across sodium-iodide, germanium, and xenon targets, so neither the DAMA/CoGeNT window nor the XENON10-style inelastic constraint can be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public DD likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc) with inelastic minimum-velocity kinematics and per-nucleon coupling ratios, add the historical DAMA modulation, CoGeNT, and XENON10 datasets plus modern LZ/XENONnT exposures, and rerun the M ~ 8 GeV, delta ~ 5 keV benchmark fit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_04627_z3_inert_doublet_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 inert doublet-singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.04627", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic-plus-direct-detection viability step relies on recasting published XENON1T/PandaX-4T/LZ curves; no current xenon-detector likelihood is connected to the model's predicted sigma_SI and relic-fraction rescaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's sigma_SI and Omega-rescaled local density into DDCalc (or the LZ public likelihood) so the direct-detection constraint is evaluated as a likelihood rather than a digitized-curve cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17523_light_smuon_gutc_nmssm_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "Light-smuon GUTc-NMSSM neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17523", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The exact scan configuration and combined likelihood are not released: the paper's cuts (Omega h^2 < 0.131, 2023 muon g-2 window, LZ/XENONnT acceptance) are applied as tool-level pass/fail selections with no public combined likelihood or input files, so the surviving light-smuon sample cannot be exactly reproduced or reweighted.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the scan as NMSSMTools input files with the quoted GUT-scale ranges and the m_smuon1 < m_stau1 selection, and package the constraint chain as a composite likelihood (e.g. in a GAMBIT- or EasyScan-style wrapper) so the paper's acceptance cuts become reproducible and reweightable.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_02906_leptophilic_scalar_mediator_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal leptophilic Majorana dark matter with CP-even scalar mediator", "family": "leptophilic_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.02906", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing bounds (LEP, Belle II invisible-scalar searches, muon g-2, electron recoil, NA64-mu) and future projections (M3, FCC-ee Z-pole, TeV muon collider) exist only as non-reusable recast/projection contours; no machine-readable likelihood or efficiency tables for tau/muon-associated missing-energy searches in this model are available.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the paper's exclusion and projection contours into interpolable limit tables as an interim step, and rebuild the key recasts (Belle II tau tau plus missing energy, NA64-mu missing momentum) with published efficiencies in a MadGraph plus Delphes pipeline to produce reusable per-point likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0907_1894_so10_scalar_16_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal non-SUSY SO(10) scalar 16 dark matter", "family": "gut_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0907.1894", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is a WMAP-era projection with likelihood_available 'no': the predicted TeV-scale sigma_SI floor has never been confronted with modern xenon exclusion likelihoods, so whether the model's most predictive region survives is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the (M_DM, lambda_eff) plane from the updated scan through the analytic Higgs-exchange sigma_SI and evaluate it against public XENONnT/LZ likelihoods via DDCalc, replacing the historical 2e-43 cm^2 lower-bound target with a current allowed/excluded region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_2704_affleck_dine_radiative_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine radiative neutrino mass model with two dark matter components", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.2704", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood handles the multi-component setup: applying published single-component limits requires rescaling by the neutralino fraction of the local density, and neither the fractions nor a detector likelihood evaluation exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Once component fractions are available from the model implementation, evaluate current xenon-experiment likelihoods via DDCalc with the neutralino scattering rate scaled by Omega_neutralino/Omega_DM, treating the leptophilic N_1 component as negligible for nuclear recoils.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_2064_indirect_fermionic_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Indirect fermionic Higgs portal dark matter", "family": "fermionic_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.2064", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Only XENON100-era direct-detection limits and pre-precision Higgs data back the card's constraints (likelihood_available is approximate for both), so the indirect-portal viability region has no modern LZ/XENONnT direct-detection or Higgs signal-strength/invisible-width likelihood attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Higgs-mixing-suppressed spin-independent cross section against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods via DDCalc, and apply HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (or Lilith) to the mixing angle and any exotic Higgs decays to update the allowed region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_2064_resonant_fermionic_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Resonant scalar fermionic Higgs portal dark matter", "family": "fermionic_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.2064", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's constraints use XENON100-era direct-detection bounds and early 2012 Higgs-signal information with only approximate likelihoods, so no modern Higgs invisible-branching likelihood or LZ/XENONnT direct-detection likelihood is attached to the narrow resonant allowed region, which is precisely the region most sensitive to such updates.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply current ATLAS/CMS Higgs invisible-width limits via HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals to BR(h -> chi chi) below threshold, and recast the mixing-suppressed spin-independent cross section against LZ/XENONnT likelihoods with DDCalc to re-derive the surviving resonance window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1408_4785_scotogenic_inverse_seesaw_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic inverse seesaw scalar dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.4785", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the combined Higgs-invisible-width plus xenon direct-detection selection: the card carries only the 2013 LUX minimum upper limit (7.6e-46 cm^2 at 33 GeV) and a quoted invisible-width bound, with no digitized curves to exclude arbitrary (m_S, lambda_hS) points or to update to current exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach DDCalc (or digitized LUX/XENON1T/LZ likelihoods) for the sigma_SI limit and a public Higgs invisible-width likelihood (Lilith or HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds) to con_scotogenic_higgs_invisible_lux_window, so the allowed Higgs-portal window can be recomputed with current data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3657_multicomponent_ohe_uu_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Multicomponent OHe and UU dark atoms", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3657", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No DAMA/LIBRA annual-modulation likelihood exists for the OHe radiative-capture signal (few-keV sodium capture), nor a recast framework mapping OHe capture rates onto CDMS/XENON/LUX null results for slowed composite atoms.", "proposed_resolution": "Once capture-rate tables exist (gap_1), implement a detector-level modulation likelihood for DAMA NaI and a temperature-dependent capture recast for cryogenic and xenon experiments, extending an existing direct-detection framework such as DDCalc with a capture-signal channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_06947_light_higgsino_nonthermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "High-scale SUSY light neutral higgsino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.06947", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection observable has no experiment likelihood attached: the suppressed SI/SD cross sections are computed analytically but only compared qualitatively to then-current experiments, with no modern (LZ/XENONnT-era) statistical comparison including the neutrino fog.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach a DDCalc-style implementation of current LZ/XENONnT SI and SD likelihoods to the analytic mixing-suppressed cross sections over (mu, M1, M2), reporting exclusion versus neutrino-fog-limited reach.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_02977_bino_sbottom_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-right-handed-sbottom co-annihilation model", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02977", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined LHC compressed-sbottom plus direct-detection constraint has no implemented likelihood: exclusions depend on experiment-specific acceptance maps for near-degenerate spectra (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes), so the interplay region near the neutrino floor cannot be evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LHC Run 2 compressed-spectrum sbottom searches with CheckMATE or SModelS using the published efficiency maps for small mass splittings, and combine with a DDCalc-based spin-independent likelihood for the loop-induced bino-nucleon cross section into one joint likelihood over (m_X, Delta m).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_02977_bino_stop_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-right-handed-stop co-annihilation model", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02977", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined LHC compressed-stop plus direct-detection constraint has no implemented likelihood: exclusions depend on experiment-specific acceptance maps for near-degenerate stop-bino spectra (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes), so the interplay region near the neutrino floor cannot be evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LHC Run 2 compressed-spectrum stop searches (soft-lepton, monojet, and four-body decay channels) with CheckMATE or SModelS using published small-splitting efficiency maps, and combine with a DDCalc-based spin-independent likelihood into one joint likelihood over (m_X, Delta m).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1812_02182_charged_leptophilic_dark_electron_v1", "model_name": "Charged leptophilic dark electron model", "family": "charged_leptophilic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1812.02182", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The laboratory recast step has no likelihoods: the magnetic-moment-induced direct-detection estimate is order-of-magnitude only (no LUX/XENON detector likelihood for the loop-induced coupling) and no LEP/ILC collider recast exists for the charged scalar and dark electron.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-induced magnetic-moment scattering cross section and recast it through public direct-detection likelihoods (e.g. DDCalc with LUX/XENON data), and implement the charged-scalar pair-production channel in a collider recast framework for LEP limits and ILC projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_06294_hadrophilic_sequential_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Hadrophilic scalar-mediator sequential freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06294", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged direct-detection recast handles the light hadrophilic scalar's momentum-dependent (long-range) DM-nucleon cross section; published XENON1T likelihoods and standard recast tools assume contact interactions, so the m_phi-dependent recoil spectrum must be redone by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing direct-detection recast code (e.g. DDCalc) with the 1/(q^2 + m_phi^2)^2 propagator form factor and the paper's scalar-nucleon/pion low-energy matching, exposing (m_chi, m_phi, y_q y_chi) as inputs against XENON1T and CRESST-style likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_09282_z3_leptophilic_complex_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 leptophilic complex scalar dark matter with vector-like lepton mediator", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.09282", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct-detection exclusions rely on comparing the one-loop charge-radius and tree-level Higgs-portal cross sections to published XENON1T upper limits; no detector likelihood is applied (likelihood_available: no), so combined scans and boundary shifts cannot be evaluated properly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the loop-induced charge-radius operator coefficient C(m_e, m_VLL) and the lambda_SH Higgs-portal amplitude as effective couplings in DDCalc (or the public XENON1T/LZ likelihood) to obtain a proper Poisson likelihood over the (m_S, m_VLL, g, lambda_SH) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_14972_fn_rhn_flavon_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen flavon-portal right-handed-neutrino freeze-out dark matter", "family": "freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.14972", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood exists for the flavor and direct-detection constraints: the B-meson-mixing bound v_phi*m_a > ~1.8e5 GeV^2 is only a source-level exclusion tied to one FN charge texture, and con_direct_future has at best a partial likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the flavon contribution to B_d/B_s mixing in a public flavor code (e.g. flavio or smelli) parameterized by the FN charges, and wrap published XENON/LZ spin-dependent limits as a likelihood over (m_N1, sigma_SD), validating against the quoted v_phi*m_a bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03128_light_exothermic_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light exothermic inelastic dark matter with vector mediator", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03128", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood packages the XENONnT ER and XENON1T S2-only datasets with the efficiencies and background model needed to reproduce the paper's 95% CL contours; the card marks likelihood_available as partial and the detector response as matching-required, so independent recasts of the inelastic limits are only approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned XENONnT-ER plus XENON1T-S2-only likelihood module from the published efficiency curves, exposure, and fixed ER background normalization, and validate it by reproducing the paper's benchmark limits at m_X = 0.1, 1, 10 GeV across delta_m = 1-30 keV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0809_3932_thermal_right_handed_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Thermal right-handed sneutrino dark matter in the F_D-term hybrid inflation model", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.3932", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection constraints are encoded only as paper-era CDMS-II bounds and SuperCDMS/Xenon1T projections (likelihood_available no, recasting_needed yes); no current-generation likelihood (LZ/XENONnT era) is attached to evaluate the surviving Higgs-pole region.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's sigma_SI output to an existing direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT data) over the m_N_LSP-coupling plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_1391_elastic_scalar_vector_isospin_violating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Elastic scalar-vector isospin-violating dark matter", "family": "isospin_violating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.1391", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood covering both the historical DAMA/CoGeNT low-mass region and modern xenon/germanium exclusions with free isospin ratio f_p/f_n is available for this model, so the constraint entries can only be checked against 2011-era published contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the isospin-violating elastic SI recoil spectrum in DDCalc (or a comparable public DD likelihood package), include current LZ/XENONnT/SuperCDMS datasets alongside the historical DAMA modulation and CoGeNT spectra, and rerun the low-mass fit with modern quenching and threshold treatments.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_09126_fermionic_higgs_portal_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic Higgs-portal dark matter with singlet-scalar inflation", "family": "higgs_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.09126", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is frozen at a LUX-era xenon bound with no machine-readable likelihood; current LZ/XENONnT results, which dominate the viable resonance regions, are not recast for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Score sigma_SI(m_chi) against current xenon exposures with a public direct-detection likelihood package (DDCalc-type), including the standard nucleon-matrix-element uncertainties the paper fixes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_06141_higgs_portal_fermion_dm_neutron_star_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal fermionic dark matter with a light scalar mediator in neutron-star matter", "family": "higgs_portal_fermionic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.06141", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No joint likelihood pipeline exists to confront the admixed-star predictions with GW170817 tidal-deformability posteriors, NICER radius measurements, and massive-pulsar mass constraints (card: likelihood_available partial), nor a recast of the same Higgs-portal couplings onto direct-detection, rare-meson, beam-dump, and supernova-cooling limits (likelihood_available no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood layer that ingests public GW170817 posterior samples and NICER PSR J0030/J0740 posteriors over the model's (m_chi, k_F^DM, EoS-parameter) space, and separately map (m_phi, y_phi, g_phiNN) onto existing light-scalar Higgs-portal exclusion compilations (e.g. the 1512.04119-style benchmark limits) to close the direct-search recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11038_light_scalar_mediator_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light scalar mediator freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.11038", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment-specific low-threshold direct-detection likelihood (target response, efficiency, backgrounds) is available for the light-scalar-mediator recoil signal, so only approximate curve-overlay recasts of the electron/low-threshold channel are possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap public low-threshold electron-recoil data and response models (e.g. DarkELF/QEDark-style target responses for semiconductor and noble-liquid targets) into a likelihood layer that accepts the light-mediator (1/q^2-enhanced) recoil spectrum and returns exclusions or projected reach.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_07626_extended_dm_eft_fermion_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Extended DM EFT with fermionic singlet DM", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.07626", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LHC recast chain or experiment likelihoods are wired up for this model: the card leaves the monojet/Higgs+MET analyses unselected, ships no cutflows or detector simulation, and marks direct-detection likelihoods (LUX/XENON-style) as not bundled, so quantitative exclusion contours cannot be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the recast pipeline: generate monojet and Higgs+MET signal events from the UFO model with MadGraph plus detector simulation in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5 against the relevant ATLAS/CMS MET searches, and couple direct-detection predictions to public xenon likelihoods via DDCalc, enforcing the EFT-validity cut on events with momentum transfer near Lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_vector_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Vector FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 18.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or collider recast exists for the feeble moduli-portal couplings of the vector FIMP: likelihood_available is no/unknown for all constraints and no recoil or collider rate calculation appears in the read text, so the laboratory observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nucleon-level scattering cross section induced by real and axial modulus exchange (via the Higgs and gauge-boson couplings), recast it through public direct-detection likelihoods (e.g. DDCalc against LZ and XENONnT), and map collider null searches onto the (m_X, m_phi, Lambda) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11264_semi_annihilation_bdm_v1", "model_name": "Semi-annihilation boosted dark matter interpretation", "family": "boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11264", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public XENON1T electronic-recoil likelihood (including event timing for modulation searches) is packaged for the BDM-electron recoil spectrum; the route's comparison step can only reproduce benchmark plots rather than derive statistical allowed regions for (m_BDM, v_BDM, sigma_elec, mediator parameters).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned Poisson likelihood over the released XENON1T SR1 ER spectrum with the published background model and detector response, adding a time-binned extension of the same likelihood to test the predicted daily modulation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04963_scalar_contact_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-contact inelastic scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04963", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood is identified for exothermic inelastic DM-electron scattering in the XENON1T electron-recoil data for this model (constraint likelihood_available unknown), so the preferred (m_X, delta, Lambda_S) region cannot be independently re-derived or updated to XENONnT/LZ data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an electron-recoil recast using the published XENON1T (and XENONnT/LZ) efficiency and energy-resolution curves, extending existing DM-electron scattering rate tools (e.g. QEDark/DarkELF-style atomic response plus detector smearing) to the exothermic delta ~ 2.8 keV kinematics, and fit as a binned Poisson likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_i_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_I with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged likelihood implements the subcomponent-rescaled LZ direct-detection constraint for the B_I Higgsino-like LSP: the card records likelihood_available as partial, and the xi_LSP ~ 0.058 rescaling of sigma_SI against the LZ bound is done only by reading published limit curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the public LZ spin-independent likelihood (e.g. the DDCalc implementation) into the recast chain with an explicit Omega_LSP/Omega_DM rescaling of the local density, so the mu-dependent benchmark points can be tested quantitatively rather than against digitized exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_ii_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_II with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged likelihood implements the subcomponent-rescaled LZ direct-detection constraint for the B_II Higgsino-like LSP: the card records likelihood_available as partial, and the xi_LSP ~ 0.058 rescaling of sigma_SI against the LZ bound is done only by reading published limit curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the public LZ spin-independent likelihood (e.g. the DDCalc implementation) into the recast chain with an explicit Omega_LSP/Omega_DM rescaling of the local density, so the mu-dependent benchmark points can be tested quantitatively rather than against digitized exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_iii_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_III with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged likelihood implements the subcomponent-rescaled LZ direct-detection constraint for the B_III Higgsino-like LSP: the card records likelihood_available as partial, and the xi_LSP ~ 0.058 rescaling of sigma_SI against the LZ bound is done only by reading published limit curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the public LZ spin-independent likelihood (e.g. the DDCalc implementation) into the recast chain with an explicit Omega_LSP/Omega_DM rescaling of the local density, so the mu-dependent benchmark points can be tested quantitatively rather than against digitized exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_07626_extended_dm_eft_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended DM EFT with scalar singlet DM", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.07626", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LHC recast chain or experiment likelihoods are wired up: the monojet/Higgs+MET analyses are unselected with no cutflows or detector simulation, and LUX/XENON-style direct-detection likelihoods are not bundled, so quantitative exclusions on (m_phi_s, m_S, Lambda, couplings) cannot be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate monojet and Higgs+MET events from the UFO model with MadGraph and recast against ATLAS/CMS MET searches in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, and attach public xenon-experiment likelihoods via DDCalc, enforcing the EFT-validity cut for events with momentum transfer near Lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04963_vector_contact_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-contact inelastic scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04963", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood is identified for exothermic inelastic DM-electron scattering in the XENON1T electron-recoil data for this model (constraint likelihood_available unknown), so the preferred (m_X, delta, Lambda_V) region cannot be independently re-derived or updated to XENONnT/LZ data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an electron-recoil recast using the published XENON1T (and XENONnT/LZ) efficiency and energy-resolution curves, extending existing DM-electron scattering rate tools (e.g. QEDark/DarkELF-style atomic response plus detector smearing) to the exothermic delta ~ 2.8 keV kinematics with vector-current couplings, and fit as a binned Poisson likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11844_spin2_portal_freeze_in_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 portal FIMP freeze-in during reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11844", "score": 15.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection or collider recast exists for the feebly coupled spin-2 portal: likelihood_available is no/unknown for every constraint and no benchmark cross-section or detector-response table was found, so the laboratory observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nuclear-recoil cross section from the massive spin-2 stress-energy coupling to quarks and gluons, recast it through public direct-detection likelihoods (e.g. DDCalc against LZ and XENONnT), and map collider missing-energy limits onto the (m_X, m_h, Lambda) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1685_zee_babu_z2_real_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Zee-Babu Z2 real scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1685", "score": 14.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection constraint is a quoted paper-era LUX exclusion line (sigma_p = 1.8e-9 pb, likelihood_available no); no current LZ/XENONnT likelihood for the Higgs-portal sigma_p at m_X ~ 130 GeV is implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the tree-level Higgs-exchange sigma_p against current LZ/XENONnT limits through a public likelihood package such as DDCalc to update the bound on lambda_HX.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_03765_model_a_multicomponent_radiative_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Model A multicomponent radiative-seesaw dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.03765", "score": 7.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The abundance-weighted spin-independent direct-detection constraint exists only as source-era LUX/XENON1T exclusion curves; no current experiment likelihood is wired to the component-fraction-weighted effective cross section sigma_eff.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the per-component scalar-nucleon cross sections and relic fractions from the multicomponent solver into DDCalc with current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, summing component contributions to the recoil rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 7, "rank_structure_formation": 35}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 140, "n_models": 139, "weight": 3690.1, "n_models_structure_formation": 56, "weight_structure_formation": 1557.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 86, "blocks_key_observables": 49, "minor": 5}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 96, "small": 37, "large": 7}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_05650_decaying_warm_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm majoron dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05650", "score": 52.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Ly-alpha forest constraint is available only as a 5.3 keV thermal-relic-WDM lower bound (XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE); no public flux-power likelihood or emulator accepts the decaying-warm-majoron transfer function directly, so applying the bound requires an ad hoc thermal-equivalent mapping that the card flags as approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast via a general small-scale-suppression Ly-alpha emulator: evaluate the majoron T(k) from the extended Boltzmann code and pass it through an existing Ly-alpha flux-power emulator framework trained on generalized cutoff shapes (alpha-beta-gamma parameterization), calibrating any decay-induced late-time suppression with a small set of dedicated hydrodynamic or N-body runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_04703_gauged_bl_dirac_neutrino_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L Dirac-neutrino two-component fermion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.04703", "score": 48.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Delta N_eff constraint is applied only as the quoted static bound Delta N_eff <= 0.285 with an analytic decoupling estimate; no pipeline folds the g_BL- and M_ZBL-dependent right-handed-neutrino decoupling into a current CMB+BBN likelihood, which the card flags as a leading constraint that was not updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute T_dec(g_BL, M_ZBL) with momentum-averaged collision rates, map to Delta N_eff via the entropy-dilution relation, and evaluate against the Planck 2018 + BAO (and forecast CMB-S4) N_eff posterior in CLASS/MontePython to replace the fixed 0.285 cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_09767_asymptotically_flat_coth_potential_unified_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical asymptotically-flat coth-potential unified dark sector", "family": "noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_sector", "arxiv": "1803.09767", "score": 45.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No data-comparison pipeline exists for this potential: the paper is a background demonstration with no likelihood table, and no implemented analysis confronts H(z), distances, and P(k) of the coth-potential UDM with CMB, BAO, SN, and LSS data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the perturbation module exists, wrap the model as a Cobaya theory class and run it against Planck 2018, BAO, and Pantheon+ likelihoods plus a linear P(k)/S8 probe to obtain posteriors on (alpha, M, V0, initial conditions).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_09767_cascading_step_potential_unified_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical cascading step-potential unified dark sector", "family": "noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_sector", "arxiv": "1803.09767", "score": 45.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No data-comparison pipeline exists for this potential: the paper is a background demonstration with no likelihood table, and no implemented analysis confronts H(z), distances, and P(k) of the cascading-step-potential UDM with CMB, BAO, SN, and LSS data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the perturbation module exists, wrap the model as a Cobaya theory class and run it against Planck 2018, BAO, and Pantheon+ likelihoods plus a linear P(k)/S8 probe to obtain posteriors on (alpha, M, V0, step parameters, initial conditions).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_09767_starobinsky_type_unified_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical Starobinsky-type unified dark sector", "family": "noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_sector", "arxiv": "1803.09767", "score": 45.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No end-to-end likelihood pipeline exists that confronts this potential's background split (H(z), Omega_kinetic, Omega_potential) and matter power spectrum with CMB/BAO/SN/LSS data; both card constraints have likelihood_available no/unknown and recasting_needed yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the modified CLASS module exists, wrap it in Cobaya with the standard Planck, BAO (BOSS/eBOSS/DESI), Pantheon+ and matter-power likelihoods, sampling alpha, M, V0, potential-shape parameters, and initial phi/phidot.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_04135_right_handed_neutrino_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino hot dark matter subcomponent in an SU(2)_V W-prime model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.04135", "score": 44.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled cosmological likelihood pipeline maps this model's right-handed-neutrino sector (m_nuR, T_f, g_starS, N_nuR) onto current CMB and LSS constraints; the card carries only the paper's rough 60 eV / 10 eV estimates and likelihood_available is 'no' for both cosmological constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the nu_R as an extra ncdm species plus Delta_N_eff in CLASS, wire it to the public Planck 2018 + BAO + full-shape LSS likelihoods in Cobaya/MontePython, and add a thin wrapper translating (m_nuR, T_f, g_starS) into the ncdm temperature and mass inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1810_09474_unified_superfluid_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Unified superfluid dark sector", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1810.09474", "score": 41, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or MCMC pipeline exists for the model: the card records likelihood_available = no for the background/growth constraint, no covariance for the growth-rate observable, and unknown likelihood status for the cluster-core requirement, so only fiducial-curve comparisons are possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS implementation of gap_1 exists, wire it into MontePython or Cobaya with standard Planck, BAO, and fsigma8/RSD likelihoods to obtain posteriors on the energy gap, coupling scale M, and initial state densities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_08062_mixed_minimal_cannibal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mixed cold plus minimal cannibal dark matter", "family": "multi_component_cannibal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.08062", "score": 40.75, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No survey likelihood is encoded for the model: the percent-level cannibal fraction and phase-timing targets are paper-level regions, not posteriors, and there is no pipeline comparing the predicted matter-power suppression to CMB, BAO, and weak-lensing S8 data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS cannibal module exists, wire it into Cobaya or MontePython with the standard Planck 2018, BAO, and KiDS/DES S8 likelihoods to turn the paper's target regions into real posterior constraints on (m, S_can, lambda, f_can,0).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_15543_minimal_decaying_dark_matter_s8_v1", "model_name": "Minimal decaying dark matter model for the S8 tension", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.15543", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No published standalone likelihood or end-to-end pipeline maps the model's particle-physics parameters (Lambda, M, T_rh) through the freeze-in yield and decay width to (tau, epsilon, abundance) and jointly fits CMB+BAO+weak-lensing data; the paper's constraints require manual recasting of related DCDM analyses (card: likelihood_available 'partial', recasting_needed 'yes').", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the operator-to-(tau, epsilon, Omega) mapping as a small parameter-translation module wrapped around the public two-body DCDM CLASS branch inside MontePython or Cobaya, and release the chains/likelihood configuration for Planck+BAO+shear.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_07926_electrically_charged_champ_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electrically charged massive particle dark matter", "family": "charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.07926", "score": 38.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Planck CMB mass bound (m_Ch > ~1e11 GeV for unit charge) is a spectrum-level comparison, not a packaged likelihood: no pipeline connects the CHAMP-modified spectra to the Planck TT/TE/EE likelihood for reproducible posterior bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the modified Boltzmann solver from gap_1 in an MCMC pipeline (Cobaya or MontePython) against the public Planck 2018 TT/TE/EE likelihood, sampling (m_Ch, q_Ch) alongside LCDM parameters, including the millicharge scaling Gamma/H proportional to q_Ch^2/m_Ch.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_01505_gut_scale_susy_pseudo_dirac_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "GUT-scale supersymmetry with pseudo-Dirac Higgsino dark matter", "family": "higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.01505", "score": 38.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The inelastic direct-detection constraint is only a quoted 200 keV splitting threshold from the authors' earlier XENON analysis; no public likelihood evaluates the inelastic pseudo-Dirac Higgsino recoil spectrum against XENON-class data for intermediate splittings.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the XENON1T (and successor LZ/XENONnT) data into a likelihood for inelastic nuclear scattering as a function of Delta m0 and mu, e.g. by adding an inelastic-kinematics recoil spectrum module to DDCalc, replacing the single hard threshold with a smooth exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_higgs_portal_png_domain_wall_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone hot-and-cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The motivating hot-component target (Delta N_eff = 0.61 +/- 0.30, m_eff = 0.41 +/- 0.13 eV) is a historical source-era fit with no current likelihood (likelihood_available: no), so the thermal pNG HDM parameter space cannot be judged against present CMB and LSS data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the thermal pNG as a massive ncdm species with its decoupling temperature ratio in CLASS/CAMB and run an MCMC recast against Planck 2018 plus BAO and weak-lensing likelihoods (Cobaya/MontePython) to obtain the current allowed (Delta N_eff, m_eff) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_07838_axion_condensate_stimulated_decay_v1", "model_name": "Axion condensate dark matter with stimulated photon decays", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.07838", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No survey-specific likelihood exists for the narrow photon line at E_gamma = m_a/2 from stimulated condensate decay, either against the late-time diffuse radio background or as a CMB-era spectral distortion from the recombination scenario; the card's diffuse-background constraint is only an approximate energy-budget estimate (recasting_needed yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast that maps (m_a, g_a_gamma, f_dm, converted fraction, line width) onto measured radio-background data (ARCADE-2-type absolute-temperature measurements and radio survey line sensitivities) and, for the recombination case, onto COBE/FIRAS-class spectral-distortion limits, including redshift and velocity broadening of the line.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_08409_inelastic_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic Dirac Dark Matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.08409", "score": 38, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Cosmological viability (extra dark radiation, entropy transfer, late annihilation/decay energy injection, supernova cooling) is imposed only through approximate paper recasts; no public likelihood chain covers MeV-GeV inelastic dark sectors with long-lived chi_2.", "proposed_resolution": "Chain existing public codes — AlterBBN/PRIMAT for light-element yields, ExoCLASS/CLASS for CMB energy injection and N_eff — into a likelihood module parameterized by (m_1, m_A_prime, alpha_D, Delta, tau_chi2), and add a documented supernova-cooling bound recast for the dark-photon portal.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04072_mirror_star_dissipative_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star dissipative mirror-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04072", "score": 37.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the kinetic-mixing viability check: the supernova-cooling and Delta N_eff bounds for a massless dark photon with a 3-5x heavier mirror electron are only quoted (epsilon < ~1e-9), not implemented against current SN and CMB/BBN data for this spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute SN1987A cooling and sector-reheating Delta N_eff for the MTH-like charged mirror spectrum and package the result as an epsilon(m_e') exclusion likelihood usable with Planck/BBN N_eff constraints (e.g. as a CLASS extra-fluid module plus a digitized SN bound).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07471_purely_gravitational_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Purely gravitational scalar dark matter", "family": "purely_gravitational_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07471", "score": 37.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB isocurvature constraint is applied only as a single quoted upper limit S_DM < 9e-6; there is no likelihood that propagates the model's scale-dependent (potentially blue) dark-matter isocurvature spectrum through a Boltzmann code to Planck data, which the card flags as the way small-scale spectra can evade the large-scale bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the model's isocurvature power spectrum shape from the coherent scalar fluctuations, feed it as a CDM-isocurvature initial condition into CLASS or CAMB, and evaluate against the Planck isocurvature likelihood so the constraint becomes a function of (R_chi, m_chi/H_inf, spectral tilt) rather than a fixed threshold.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_13086_kinetically_coupled_axion_dilaton_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically coupled axion-dilaton fuzzy dark matter model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.13086", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No MCMC analysis or likelihood pipeline exists for this model: the paper shows example parameter regions only, so quantitative H0/S8 tension relief and allowed regions for (kinetic-function slope, m_phi, f_phi, F) are not established.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the (re)implemented Boltzmann code to Cobaya or MontePython with Planck 2018, BAO, Pantheon, SH0ES, and DES/KiDS S8 likelihoods and run a full posterior scan over the model parameters, releasing the chains.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_5466_r_invariant_gauge_mediation_gravitino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "R-invariant gauge-mediated gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5466", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN calculation or likelihood exists for the late-decaying x_L with T_decay near 100 MeV; the card states no BBN abundance calculation was run, leaving the entropy-production window unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a late-decay BBN code (AlterBBN or ACROPOLIS-class tooling) over the (m_xL, T_decay, hadronic branching) plane to convert the qualitative BBN-safety benchmark into an actual constraint on Delta and T_decay.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_00430_axion_clump_photon_resonance_v1", "model_name": "Axion dark matter clump photon-resonance model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.00430", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects predicted coherent radio emission or merger-triggered bursts to actual radio surveys: the card lists radio transient/line searches as target likelihoods but no survey selection functions, plasma propagation treatment, or detectability pipeline exists for this signal class.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a detectability pipeline that folds predicted burst luminosities and rates through Galactic plasma dispersion/absorption and the published selection functions of radio transient and spectral-line surveys (CHIME, SKA precursors, FRB catalogs), returning survey-level exclusion or discovery likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_pseudo_dirac_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the exothermic down-scattering recoil-line signature in low-threshold detectors: existing sub-GeV electron-scattering tools assume elastic kinematics, and the R_0-weighted exothermic rate for keV-to-GeV masses with splitting-set energy deposition is not implemented in any packaged detector recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a sub-GeV detector-response package (QEdark/DarkELF-class electron-recoil rates plus standard nuclear-recoil codes) to exothermic inelastic kinematics with energy release Delta m, weight by the surviving excited fraction R_0, and confront existing xenon/semiconductor limit data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_11314_trilinear_augmented_gaugino_mediation_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Trilinear-augmented gaugino mediation gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.11314", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BBN constraints on the long-lived NLSP (con_bbn_long_lived_particles, likelihood_available: no) have not been computed for this model's spectra: the NLSP freeze-out yield, lifetime, and hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions were never fed into a light-element cascade calculation for the assigned benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute NLSP relic yields with micrOMEGAs from the SPheno spectra, derive decay spectra into the gravitino, and evaluate light-element constraints with a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS-type), producing an exclusion in the (tau_NLSP, yield) plane per NLSP class.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03013_scotogenic_type_ii_inert_doublet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic type-II seesaw inert-doublet dark matter cogenesis model", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03013", "score": 33.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The route carries no direct-detection or LFV likelihoods: the Higgs-exchange elastic scattering limit for each benchmark and the LFV branching-ratio constraints are checked only internally, with no exported likelihood or limit curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach DDCalc (XENON1T/LZ) likelihoods to the Higgs-mediated elastic cross section of eta_R and export SPheno/FlavorKit LFV observables against MEG-class bounds as standalone likelihood terms.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_01879_s3_inert_dark_scalar_v1", "model_name": "S3 symmetric inert dark scalar", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.01879", "score": 33.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection and LHC missing-energy limits are only available as inert-doublet-context recasts; no S3-specific pipeline computes sigma_SI from the SARAH spectrum and confronts it with experimental likelihoods, and the card records likelihood_available partial with recasting_needed yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the existing SARAH/SPheno-to-micrOMEGAs chain to compute sigma_SI for accepted S3 points and evaluate it against LUX/XENON-class likelihoods via DDCalc, and run the same spectra through SModelS or CheckMATE for the inert-scalar LHC missing-energy topologies, replacing the borrowed inert-doublet exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_13224_inflationary_vector_dark_matter_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced vector dark matter with neutrino decays", "family": "inflationary_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.13224", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB/BBN likelihood pipeline exists for this model's time-dependent neutrino injection: the constraint is only a window argument (Delta N_eff at recombination but not at BBN), and no Planck or CMB-S4 likelihood has been run against the actual decay history.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the modified CLASS run from the decay-integrator pipeline into a cobaya or MontePython likelihood using the public Planck 2018 likelihood plus a BBN light-element likelihood (e.g. PArthENoPE/PRIMAT abundances), and add a CMB-S4 Fisher forecast for the target Delta N_eff range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_14446_nonminimal_gravitational_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled gravitational scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.14446", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Planck isocurvature constraint is imposed via the quoted beta_iso < 0.038 bound rather than by computing the model's scale-dependent isocurvature spectrum and passing it through the Planck likelihood, so the xi lower boundary of the allowed region is only approximate (likelihood_available: partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the spectator isocurvature power spectrum from the same mode functions, add it as a CDI-type component in CLASS, and evaluate the actual Planck (or Planck+ACT/SPT) isocurvature likelihood over the (m_chi, xi, H_end) plane instead of applying the scale-independent beta_iso cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_12342_dark_proton_pion_asymmetric_mattergenesis_v1", "model_name": "Dark proton-pion asymmetric mattergenesis model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12342", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the two-component direct-detection signal: the combined dark-proton plus charged-pion recoil spectrum through dark-photon exchange is not encoded against low-mass detector analyses, and dark-photon portal exclusions are read from plots rather than tabulated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood summing the p' and pi'^- recoil contributions (weighted by their equal number densities) against XENON1T-class low-mass analyses, combined with tabulated dark-photon search, supernova, and BBN bounds over (epsilon, m_dark_photon, m_pprime, m_pionprime).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_00008_leptophilic_scalar_cosimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar Co-SIMP dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_cosimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00008", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN/CMB likelihood exists for the late-thermalizing sub-MeV dark sector populated by a late phase transition: the card's cosmological constraint has likelihood_available = no and the viability flag is only an approximate criterion on (T_pt, m_phi, Delta N_eff).", "proposed_resolution": "Model the entropy and radiation transfer of the late phase transition and Co-SIMP thermal contact as time-dependent (N_eff, injection) histories, evaluate light-element yields with a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS and CMB response with CLASS, and package the result as a likelihood over (m_phi, T_pt).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1107_4319_axion_axino_dark_radiation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-axino dark matter with gravitino-sourced dark radiation", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.4319", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The dark-radiation constraint on T_R rests on WMAP/ACT/SPT-era N_eff numbers quoted in the 2011 paper; no modern Planck/BAO Delta N_eff likelihood recast has been run for this model, so the quoted 5-sigma exclusion at T_R above about 9e10 GeV is stale.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the paper's analytic Delta N_eff(T_R, m_3/2, m_gluino) formula into a Cobaya or MontePython pipeline with the Planck 2018 plus BAO likelihoods (Delta N_eff as a derived parameter of CLASS/CAMB) and re-derive the T_R upper bound and the leptogenesis-compatibility window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1035_su2x_hidden_vector_monopole_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_X hidden-sector vector and monopole dark matter with Higgs portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1035", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood exists for the two-scalar interference scattering (likelihood_available: no); only 2013-era XENON100/LUX curves are cited, so modern exclusion status in the (m_V, theta, m_phi) space cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current LZ/XENONnT limits with a public direct-detection likelihood (DDCalc-class) using the source's H1/H2-interference sigma_p formula, scanning the scalar spectrum including the destructive-interference region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_10160_vector_mediated_light_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated low-energy SUSY with light gravitino dark matter component", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.10160", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological gravitino constraint is used only as a quoted pass/fail bound (m_3/2 < 4.7 eV); no CMB-lensing plus cosmic-shear likelihood is wired up that treats the eV gravitino as a thermal hot-relic subcomponent of this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a thermal light-gravitino species (analogous to a massive-neutrino-like component with its own temperature) to CLASS/CAMB and couple it to existing Planck lensing and cosmic-shear likelihoods in Cobaya/MontePython, reproducing the published 4.7 eV bound as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_02958_decaying_gravitino_rhn_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Decaying gravitino dark matter with right-handed-neutrino decay products", "family": "decaying_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.02958", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The S8/matter-power preference is imported from a phenomenological 2-body DDM fit; no CMB+BAO+SNIa+S8 MCMC has been run directly in the gravitino parameter basis (m_3/2, mass splitting, T_RH, m_gluino) with the particle-physics priors (relic density, BBN spectrum conditions) imposed jointly.", "proposed_resolution": "Reparameterize the public 2-body-decay modified CLASS (DDM branch of 2008.09615) in terms of (m_3/2, m1/m_3/2, T_RH, m_gluino) via the analytic decay-width and relic maps, and run MontePython/Cobaya against Planck, BAO, SNIa, and weak-lensing S8 data with the BBN and relic-density conditions as priors.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2112_09337_multi_scalar_field_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi Scalar Field Dark Matter", "family": "multi_component_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.09337", "score": 32, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's modified MontePython likelihood stack and chains are not confirmed public (only the modified CLASS repository is linked), so reproducing the quoted single- and two-field mass bounds or extending them to new data requires rebuilding the sampling setup, priors, and Ly-alpha treatment from the paper description.", "proposed_resolution": "Reassemble and publicly archive the MontePython configuration coupling two_sfdm_class to the Planck 2018, BAO, BBN, Ly-alpha, and SNe likelihoods with the paper's priors, validating against the quoted 95 percent lower bounds (log10(m/eV) around -21.9 single-field, -22.1 two-field).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_10283_kinetic_misalignment_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic-misalignment majoron dark matter in gauged U(1)Lmu-Ltau", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.10283", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated CMB/BAO likelihood exists for dark matter decaying invisibly to neutrinos in this model: the constraint is applied only as a quoted generic tau > 250 Gyr bound, with no pipeline mapping (m_J, f, sum m_nu^2) through tau_J into a Planck/BOSS decaying-DM likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with DM decay to massless/neutrino dark radiation (as in the cited 2203.07440-type analyses), wire it to Planck and BOSS likelihoods in MontePython or Cobaya, and rerun the constraint as a function of tau_J for the majoron benchmark instead of reusing the generic quoted bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0507300_dark_matter_from_early_decays_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter from early decays", "family": "decay_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0507300", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No BBN/CMB-spectral-distortion energy-injection pipeline is attached for the visible branching fraction of the parent decay, so the con_decay_bbn_cmb_reionization consistency region is only transcribed from related gravitino-LSP literature (likelihood_available 'no').", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the model's (tau, parent abundance, B_vis) with existing public injection codes for electromagnetic/hadronic decays during and after BBN (ACROPOLIS/AlterBBN-class BBN networks plus COBE/FIRAS mu- and y-distortion limits) to produce an in-registry exclusion on the visible branching fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin1_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-parent non-thermal vector WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical BBN/CMB spectral-distortion likelihood is attached for the electromagnetic energy injected by the W_mu parent decay: the tau_X < 10^4 s and energy-release limits are used qualitatively and graphically from the primary paper, with no public likelihood table for this model's photon-injection history.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the (tau_X, zeta) energy-injection recast with a public BBN code with electromagnetic injection (e.g. an AlterBBN/PRIMAT-class calculation) plus COBE/FIRAS mu- and y-distortion limits, parameterized by the parent lifetime and injected photon energy fraction, and expose it as a reusable likelihood on the lifetime-energy plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_12342_dark_neutron_asymmetric_mattergenesis_v1", "model_name": "Dark neutron asymmetric mattergenesis model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12342", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the GeV-scale dark-neutron search program: the XENON1T bound is a paper-level adjusted limit (sigma_nprime_p < 4.4e-39 cm^2 at 1.33 GeV) and the dark-photon epsilon versus mass exclusions are read off plots rather than encoded, preventing combined parameter-space scans.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood combining low-mass direct-detection limits (XENON1T-class analyses for a magnetic-moment plus dark-photon-exchange cross section) with tabulated dark-photon beam-dump, supernova, and BBN bounds over (epsilon, m_dark_photon, m_nprime).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_14542_331r_kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "331_R keV sterile-neutrino mixed warm-hot dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.14542", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB Delta N_eff bound on the hot nonthermal N1 fraction is applied only as a rough exclusion; no likelihood connecting (alpha, f_NT) to Delta N_eff and the CMB data is provided (con_cmb_alpha has likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive Delta N_eff(alpha, m_N2, T_RH) from the model's decay kinematics and evaluate it against the Planck Delta N_eff likelihood (e.g. via a CLASS + MontePython/Cobaya pipeline), replacing the qualitative alpha > 0 statement with a quantitative posterior.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin12_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermion-parent non-thermal fermion WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical BBN/CMB spectral-distortion likelihood is attached for the electromagnetic energy injected by the parent decay: the tau_X < 10^4 s and energy-release limits are used qualitatively and graphically from the primary paper, with no public likelihood table for this model's photon-injection history.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the (tau_X, zeta) energy-injection recast with a public BBN code with electromagnetic injection (e.g. an AlterBBN/PRIMAT-class calculation) plus COBE/FIRAS mu- and y-distortion limits, parameterized by the parent lifetime and injected photon energy fraction, and expose it as a reusable likelihood on the lifetime-energy plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_6736_decay_product_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decay-product hot dark matter", "family": "decay_produced_hot_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.6736", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB/LSS likelihood analysis exists for the decay-product HDM parameterization; both card constraints have likelihood_available=no, so whether current data can distinguish the model from a thermal sterile neutrino via higher distribution moments is untested.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS ncdm implementation exists, run MCMC fits with public Planck + BAO (and optionally full-shape LSS) likelihoods via Cobaya or MontePython over (mother mass, yield, tau, B_hdm, epsilon/x_2), and forecast future-survey sensitivity to the skewness difference.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_07048_milliev_scalar_dm_dark_photon_decay_v1", "model_name": "Milli-eV scalar dark matter decaying to dark photons", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.07048", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FIRAS and low-frequency radio-background constraint on the distorted CMB Rayleigh-Jeans tail is applied only qualitatively: the card records no numerical FIRAS likelihood and notes that absolute low-frequency measurements (ARCADE-2-class data) have large uncertainties, so the viable (m_A', epsilon) window cannot be delimited quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a spectral-distortion likelihood from the public FIRAS monopole residuals plus low-frequency absolute radiometry (ARCADE-2 and long-wavelength surveys), evaluated on the model's converted-photon intensity as a function of x, and use it to map the excluded versus viable (m_A', epsilon, abundance) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_00503_higgs_portal_dark_monopole_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal dark monopole dark matter", "family": "topological_defect_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.00503", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No multi-scatter direct-detection likelihood exists for macroscopic Higgs-portal monopole transits; XENON1T-style single-hit limits do not apply once the expected number of scatters per crossing exceeds order unity.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Monte Carlo transit simulation with XENON-class detector geometry, energy thresholds, and trigger/deadtime modeling for track-like multi-hit events, following existing multiscatter dark-matter analyses, and release it as a recastable likelihood parameterized by (M, R, sigma_A, local flux).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_13628_decaying_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm dark matter to invisible radiation", "family": "decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.13628", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No nonlinear-LSS likelihood exists for the warm decaying mother species itself; existing BOSS EFTofLSS limits apply to cold-parent two-body decaying dark matter and require an unvalidated model mapping.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the DWDM transfer functions to an EFTofLSS pipeline (CLASS-PT or PyBird with the BOSS DR12 likelihood) so the warm-mother momentum distribution enters directly instead of mapping onto cold-parent DDM parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_17947_mass_varying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mass-varying dark matter with rapid mass turn-on", "family": "mass_varying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.17947", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated Ly-alpha forest likelihood exists for the MVDM suppression shape: the primary bound relies on an extracted linear P(k) under a fiducial cosmology, and thermal-WDM limits are only an approximate recast because the MVDM transfer function differs in shape from thermal WDM at fixed M/T.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast MVDM transfer functions through an existing hydro-calibrated Ly-alpha flux-power emulator built for generalized small-scale suppressions (e.g. the WDM/nCDM alpha-beta-gamma transfer-function parameterizations used with eBOSS/XQ-100/HIRES-MIKE emulators), fitting the emulator's suppression parameters to the MVDM P(k) over the M/T-z_t plane; where the shape falls outside the emulator's training space, run a small set of dedicated hydrodynamical simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1706_05605_hidden_charged_dm_chiral_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-charged dark matter with chiral dark radiation", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1706.05605", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB+H0 likelihood analysis exists for this model's hidden-sector thermal history (constraint con_hidden_dr_neff_h0 has likelihood_available: no); the Delta N_eff ~ 0.59 benchmark and the claimed H0-tension relief have never been fit against Planck plus local-H0 data with the model's parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the modified CLASS implementation exists, run a Cobaya/MontePython MCMC over (N, Lambda, e_D, hidden temperature ratio) against Planck CMB, BAO, and local-H0 likelihoods to produce posterior constraints on the dark-radiation abundance and scattering strength.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_02640_pseudo_goldstone_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Goldstone-mediated sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.02640", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative BBN/CMB likelihood exists for late neutrino injection from rho and sterile-neutrino decays in this non-majoron setup: the card records only qualitative bounds (likelihood_available: unknown), and standard majoron limits cannot be copied because the pseudo-Goldstone couples only to sterile neutrinos.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast neutrino-injection BBN constraints (extending an injection code such as ACROPOLIS to pure-neutrino final states) and compute Delta N_eff with a modified CLASS run for the decaying rho/N_{2,3}, producing a pass/fail likelihood over (tau_phi, f, M_Ni).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_03295_leptonic_scalar_dm_dilepton_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic scalar dark matter with scalar dilepton mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03295", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB-safety claim (neutrino-only mediator decay avoiding electromagnetic energy injection) and the associated dark-radiation output of zeta -> nu_R nu_R are only qualitatively argued from cited Planck-era bounds; no packaged likelihood evaluates the Sommerfeld-enhanced late-time annihilation injection fraction or the Delta N_eff contribution for this model's parameters (likelihood_available unknown/no on the relevant constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the annihilation-plus-mediator-decay energy deposition chain in an injection code such as ExoCLASS or DarkHistory (tracking any subleading electromagnetic branch), compute the nu_R dark-radiation contribution to N_eff in CLASS/CAMB, and couple both to the Planck likelihood over (m_chi, m_zeta, f_ij).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_06243_hidden_vector_coherent_oscillation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden vector coherent oscillation dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.06243", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No CMB likelihood exists for statistically anisotropic dark-matter isocurvature: the model predicts an isocurvature power spectrum with order-unity angular dependence on the background vector direction (g_S), while Planck isocurvature bounds assume an isotropic template, forcing a rough isotropic-limit recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the anisotropic DM-isocurvature transfer in a modified CLASS/CAMB (off-diagonal a_lm covariance from a quadrupolar g_S template) and build a Planck-based likelihood analogous to existing statistical-anisotropy/quadrupolar-asymmetry analyses, validated against the paper's isotropic-limit S_DM bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_10043_sterile_neutrino_portal_fimp_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino portal FIMP fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.10043", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public cosmological likelihood exists for a long-lived dark scalar (tau_phi ~ 1e8-1e10 s) decaying dominantly to light neutrinos: the Planck exclusion and Delta N_eff = 0.12 benchmark are quoted from the source's private energy-transfer treatment, and light-element likelihood tables for the suppressed electromagnetic fraction are not available.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a decaying-species module that injects energy into the neutrino sector (plus a small electromagnetic branch handled by an exoCLASS/DarkAges-style deposition), parameterized by (tau_phi, f_phi, m_phi, branching fractions), and couple it to Planck and BBN (PRIMAT/AlterBBN) likelihoods in Cobaya or MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0612182_numsm_dodelson_widrow_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lightest sterile neutrino dark matter in the nuMSM from active-sterile transitions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0612182", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public joint likelihood exists for the X-ray decay-line searches plus Ly-alpha flux power in the (M1, sin^2(2theta)) plane; existing X-ray limits are published exclusion curves needing recast, and the quoted Ly-alpha lower bound was derived under approximate thermal-WDM distribution mappings rather than the exact nonequilibrium DW distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package Chandra/XMM/NuSTAR X-ray line limits as a mass-mixing likelihood module, and couple CLASS transfer functions computed from the exact f_s(q) to a modern Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood (eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES style) in a MontePython/Cobaya pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_2360_rh_sneutrino_condensate_bdm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino condensate baryon-dark matter model", "family": "supersymmetric_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.2360", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The isocurvature constraint is anchored to the WMAP-era beta < 0.26 bound; no modern Planck-level likelihood has been applied to this model's correlated CDM plus baryon isocurvature mixture sourced by the sneutrino and Affleck-Dine phase fields.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's CDM and baryon isocurvature amplitudes and correlations into the standard Planck isocurvature parameterization and evaluate with a CLASS or CAMB plus Planck 2018 likelihood pipeline (e.g. MontePython/Cobaya), updating the allowed H_I range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_vector_kinetic_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric vector-mediator SIDM with photon kinetic mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level recast exists for the momentum-dependent recoil spectrum induced by the 1-100 MeV kinetically mixed mediator; the direct-detection-plus-BBN constraint is only approximate (likelihood_available: partial, likelihood_reference null).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public direct-detection likelihood package (DDCalc-class) with the long-range 1/(q^2+m_phi^2)^2 propagator form factor and recast current xenon and low-threshold experiment limits onto the (epsilon, m_phi, m_X) plane, including the BBN mediator-lifetime floor as a prior.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_12906_pseudo_dirac_lepton_doublet_late_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac SU(2)_L lepton-doublet dark matter with late scalar decay", "family": "electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.12906", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The requirement that S decays complete after chi freeze-out but before BBN is imposed only as an order-of-magnitude statement on y_s; no BBN light-element likelihood or lifetime contour has been computed for the S mass, abundance, and leptonic decay products of this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the S freeze-out abundance and its decay spectrum into a late-decay BBN code (e.g. ACROPOLIS-class photodisintegration/injection machinery) to derive the allowed tau_S(y_s, M_S) region against observed light-element abundances.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9806400_so10_extra_generation_hot_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) extra-generation hot dark matter neutrino model", "family": "so10_extra_generation_hot_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9806400", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route has an empty likelihoods list: no modern 3+1 oscillation global-fit likelihood or cosmological (Sum m_nu, N_eff) likelihood is wired to the model's (M_R, M, tan beta, texture) parameter space, so the few-eV hot tau neutrino and the large-mixing sterile solution can only be checked against superseded 1998 targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that maps the diagonalized spectrum onto public 3+1 sterile-neutrino global-fit chi-squares and onto CLASS/CAMB-based Planck Sum m_nu and N_eff likelihoods (via MontePython or Cobaya), replacing the historical target comparison in the phenomenology_compare step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_09345_twin_simps_v1", "model_name": "Twin SIMPs", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.09345", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BBN/CMB energy-injection safety of the unstable heavier twin mesons (lifetimes around 1e-3 to 1e-2 s) rests on order-of-magnitude arguments; no likelihood evaluates the residual decaying abundance after annihilation into pions against photodissociation and CMB spectral/anisotropy limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the frozen-out heavier-meson abundances from the gap_1 Boltzmann solver and feed lifetime-abundance pairs into existing decaying-particle BBN codes (e.g. AlterBBN-style photodissociation treatments) and DarkHistory/ExoCLASS for CMB injection limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1809_01111_neutrinophilic_alp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.01111", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The most stringent stated constraint — CMB neutrino free-streaming limits on ALP-induced neutrino decay and scattering — has no recast for this model: mapping the Hermitian flavor-basis coupling matrix g_alpha_beta to mass-basis decay/scattering rates and evaluating them against a CMB likelihood has not been done, and no Planck-level neutrino-interaction likelihood run exists on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mass-basis nu_i -> nu_j + a decay and scattering rates from g_alpha_beta using the PMNS rotation, then evaluate the neutrino free-streaming modification with an interacting-neutrino extension of CLASS/CAMB against the Planck likelihood to produce exclusion contours in (m_a, g_alpha_beta) per flavor structure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_13182_dark_macho_phenomenological_v1", "model_name": "Dark massive compact halo object phenomenology", "family": "macroscopic_compact_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.13182", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB accretion bound is only a qualitative analytic recast: no energy-injection likelihood couples the dMACHO population luminosity n_dMACHO * L(z) to the ionization history and CMB anisotropy data, and the extracted mass-radius scaling itself needs re-derivation because the source text mangles the exponent sign.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the ExoCLASS/CLASS exotic-energy-injection module to take the dMACHO hydrostatic-accretion L(z, M, R) as input deposition, and run against Planck likelihoods to produce quantitative mass-radius exclusion contours, cross-checking the paper's quoted scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_08662_extended_ksvz_axion_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended KSVZ axion model with scalar S1 dark matter and an up-type vector-like quark", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08662", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LHC recast likelihood exists for the VLQ pair-production top-plus-MET signature with coupling-dependent branching ratios: the card states current ATLAS/CMS exclusion contours require dedicated reinterpretation, and no search likelihood is available for the boosted-top-fatjet-plus-MET analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast of the relevant ATLAS/CMS stop-like top+MET searches in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE with BR(VLQ->t S1) as a free parameter, and add the compressed Delta M < m_t region via existing multijet+MET recasts, to yield reusable exclusion likelihoods for this model class.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_03624_composite_millicharged_absorption_line_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite millicharged absorption-line dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.03624", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for either signature: neither a radio/mm spectral-line search likelihood (uGMRT/SKA-class bands) for dark-forest features nor a CMB spectral-distortion likelihood tailored to a narrow global absorption line from inelastic composite dark matter.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a narrow-line template likelihood against COBE/FIRAS data (extensible to PIXIE-like forecasts) for the global feature, and adapt existing radio absorption-line survey pipelines to set optical-depth limits per band, published as reusable likelihood modules over (nu_0, tau).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_04955_z3_leptophilic_co_simp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z3 leptophilic Co-SIMP dark matter for global 21-cm cosmology", "family": "co_simp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.04955", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative sensitivity forecast or likelihood exists for the Dark Ages second-trough discriminator at z~85; the card notes instrument sensitivity for LuSEE Night, DAPPER, and PRATUSH was not forecast.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct Fisher or mock-likelihood forecasts for LuSEE Night/DAPPER/PRATUSH-class instruments (noise plus foreground model over z~50-100) and evaluate the distinguishability of the alpha-dependent second-trough curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2002_00036_subkev_decaying_fermion_u1x_v1", "model_name": "Sub-keV decaying fermion dark matter in anomaly-free hidden U(1)_X", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2002.00036", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model is only compared to a quoted decaying-dark-matter Hubble-tension fit band (tau_DM ~ 35 Gyr, epsilon = 0.0013-0.229); no likelihood pipeline maps the hidden U(1)_X parameters (g, V_1, m_DM) onto a two-body DCDM cosmological fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Map (g, V_1, m_DM) to (tau_DM, epsilon) analytically and run an existing public two-body decaying-CDM modified CLASS (massive plus massless daughter, Blackadder-Koushiappas parameterization) with Planck, BAO and SH0ES likelihoods in MontePython or Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_3540_higgs_philic_u1_sneutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-philic U(1)' right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.3540", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented BBN/CMB energy-injection recast exists for the late-decaying neutralino NNLSP and long-lived NLSP: the card's hadronic-BBN and CMB-lifetime constraints are qualitative, with likelihood_available 'no' and no light-element or injection calculation rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the NNLSP lifetime and hadronic branching fractions into an existing injection framework (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN for BBN light elements; ExoCLASS/CLASS with DarkAges for CMB) and publish the resulting exclusion in the lifetime-versus-injected-energy plane for this benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1007_0898_a4_majoron_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "A4 seesaw Majoron decaying dark matter", "family": "majoron_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.0898", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB lifetime bound Gamma_J < 1.3e-19 s^-1 is a WMAP5-era number; no updated likelihood recast of Majoron decay to neutrinos (dark radiation injection) against Planck-era CMB data exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the CLASS dcdm-to-dark-radiation module over (m_J, Gamma_J, abundance) with the Planck 2018 likelihood in MontePython/Cobaya to replace the WMAP-era lifetime threshold with a current posterior bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_12161_miteves_noether_current_dm_v1", "model_name": "MiTeVeS Noether-current mimetic dark matter cosmology", "family": "mimetic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.12161", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled background-fit pipeline exists that implements the MiTeVeS H(z) with its Noether-current a^-3, stiff a^-6, and dark-energy terms inside a public sampler with the CC + Pantheon + BAO + CMB distance-prior likelihoods and the BBN speed-up prior; the paper's Polychord fit is not public.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the MiTeVeS background expansion (Omega_Lambda + Omega_m(1+z)^3 + Omega_r(1+z)^4 + Omega_stiff(1+z)^6 parameterization) as a theory class in Cobaya or MontePython, attach the existing public cosmic-chronometer, Pantheon, BAO, and CMB distance-prior likelihoods, and encode the BBN speed-up bound as a prior.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_12353_gauged_b_l_decaying_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L decaying Majoron dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.12353", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated CMB+LSS likelihood analysis exists for the I3 decaying component: the exclusion maps rely on transferring conservative published decaying-DM global-analysis bounds, which were derived for a generic dcdm-to-dark-radiation fluid with fixed datasets and may not match the I3-to-active-neutrino perturbation behavior or the paper's stable-plus-decaying two-component setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement I3 as a dcdm species decaying to (free-streaming) neutrino dark radiation at the perturbation level in CLASS or CAMB, map (v_D, v_M) to (f_dcdm, Gamma_dcdm) via the particle_mapping step, and run MCMC against current Planck, BAO, SNe, and weak-lensing likelihoods to replace the bound-transfer with a direct posterior on the VEV plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_15016_lepton_number_scalar_capture_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-number-two ultralight scalar dark matter for neutrinoless double beta capture", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.15016", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No experimental 0nubb likelihood is packaged for the comparison step: current KamLAND-Zen-class limits and next-generation (LEGEND-1000, nEXO) sensitivities are needed as half-life likelihoods to turn predicted rates into allowed/excluded regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Collect published half-life limits and projected sensitivities for 136Xe and 76Ge into simple Poisson/Gaussian likelihood curves and wire them to the forward model of gap_1, keeping the signal-shape degeneracy with standard 0nubb as an explicit assumption flag.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_17710_pq_inflation_axion_kinetic_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "PQ-inflation QCD axion kinetic-misalignment model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.17710", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No CMB likelihood is connected to the route: the n_s, r, and Delta N_eff predictions are only compared to quoted Planck/Keck bounds, and the card records no resolved likelihood files, so precision or future-CMB tests of the correlated inflation plus dark-radiation predictions cannot be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's (n_s, r, Delta N_eff) predictions into the public Planck 2018 plus BICEP/Keck likelihoods via CLASS/CAMB and Cobaya/MontePython, with a CMB-S4-style Delta N_eff forecast module for the reheating branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07951_kinetic_mixing_cosmic_millicharged_background_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic-mixing cosmic millicharged-particle background with dark photon", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07951", "score": 24.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable experiment-level likelihoods with detector acceptances exist for translating a cosmic millicharged background flux into event yields at fixed-target, neutrino, collider, and direct-detection experiments; only published beam-oriented exclusion curves are available for approximate recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast package that wraps published mCP search efficiencies (e.g. ArgoNeuT, milliQan, SENSEI, XENON-class detectors) as effective likelihoods over (q_chi, m_chi, flux), including terrestrial attenuation of low-velocity relic mCPs, and expose the T_rh mapping as a post-processing layer.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_2839_anomalous_u1_supersymmetric_radiative_seesaw_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) supersymmetric radiative seesaw dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2839", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No fraction-weighted direct-detection likelihood is set up: the neutralino component must be compared to XENON-class limits after rescaling the local density by Omega_chi/Omega_DM, which the card records as a needed recast with likelihood_available unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Use DDCalc (or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module) with current xenon-target likelihoods, feeding it the MSSM sigma_chi_N and multiplying the local density by the computed neutralino relic fraction from the freeze-out step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_00670_spontaneous_baryogenesis_scalar_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneous-baryogenesis scalar cold dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.00670", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline exists for the model's compensated baryon-plus-CDM isocurvature scenario: the Planck bound quoted by the card applies to an uncorrelated scale-invariant effective CDM isocurvature mode, so the key evasion mechanism (scalar CDM compensating baryon isocurvature, with nonquadratic-potential spectral shapes) cannot be evaluated against CMB data as posed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's correlated/compensated baryon-CDM isocurvature initial conditions (with amplitude and tilt set by H_*, V derivatives, and the scalar CDM fraction) in CLASS or CAMB, and run against the public Planck TT,TE,EE+lowE likelihood to derive bounds valid for the compensated mode rather than reusing the uncorrelated 0.040 limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03309_singlet_majoron_dm_extension_v1", "model_name": "Singlet majoron extension with majoron or sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03309", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the two decay signatures: the CMB bound on majoron decay to neutrinos (bound not digitized from the primary figure, per the card) and the X-ray/soft-gamma lifetime limits on the MeV sterile-neutrino branch are both available only as literature exclusion statements.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the CMB constraint on DM decaying to invisible/neutrino final states with CLASS plus the Planck likelihood as a tau(m_J, f) bound, and digitize published MeV-scale X-ray/soft-gamma decay limits into a sin^2(2theta)-versus-m_N1 likelihood curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_10135_colored_mediator_freezein_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Colored t-channel mediator freeze-in plus superWIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.10135", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Ly-alpha forest likelihood exists that accepts the model's nonthermal transfer function; current limits are quoted only via the thermal-WDM m_WDM > 3.3 keV benchmark, which the card flags as requiring a recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the nonthermal transfer function through an existing Ly-alpha framework, e.g. map the model's cutoff onto the area criterion or use a flux-power emulator (Vid Irsic/MIKE-HIRES-based likelihood) evaluated on the CLASS transfer function from the computed f(q).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_04311_z2_fermion_dark_u1_bound_states_v1", "model_name": "Z2 fermion dark matter from broken local U(1) with bound states", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04311", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "CMB and BBN safety of the light dark Higgs and dark photon (late decays and reannihilation-era energy injection) is treated only qualitatively in benchmark selection, with no quantitative energy-injection or N_eff likelihood for the mediator lifetime and abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute mediator lifetimes and decay branching from (lambda_H, epsilon) and evaluate them with existing BBN/CMB injection codes (e.g. an ACROPOLIS-class BBN injection calculation plus Planck f_eff annihilation limits) to turn the qualitative safety check into a quantitative bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A: Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No wired likelihood chain exists for the CMB/BBN response: the model's p-wave <sigma v>_rec, the phi electromagnetic-decay energy injection, and the phi abundance history are only compared to literature bounds; no f_eff computation, Planck energy-injection likelihood, or BBN photodisintegration cascade is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the Boltzmann-solver outputs (Y_phi, tau_phi, p-wave <sigma v>) to ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for f_eff and Planck energy-injection limits and to an ACROPOLIS-class BBN photodisintegration code for the MeV-scale scalar decay history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_prime_vector_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B': vector-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No wired likelihood chain exists for the CMB/BBN response: the recombination annihilation rate, the electromagnetic energy injection from A' and S decays, and their abundance histories are only compared to literature bounds; no f_eff computation, Planck energy-injection likelihood, or BBN photodisintegration cascade is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the Boltzmann-solver outputs (mediator yields, lifetimes, <sigma v>_rec) to ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for f_eff and Planck energy-injection limits and to an ACROPOLIS-class BBN photodisintegration code for the MeV-scale mediator decay histories.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_scalar_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B: scalar-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No wired likelihood chain exists for the CMB/BBN response: the recombination annihilation rate, the electromagnetic energy injection from phi and S decays, and their abundance histories are only compared to literature bounds; no f_eff computation, Planck energy-injection likelihood, or BBN photodisintegration cascade is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the Boltzmann-solver outputs (mediator yields, lifetimes, <sigma v>_rec) to ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for f_eff and Planck energy-injection limits and to an ACROPOLIS-class BBN photodisintegration code for the MeV-scale scalar decay histories.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_c_pwave_scalar_mediator_decay_chain_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model C: p-wave scalar-mediator SIDM with scalar mediator-decay channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No wired likelihood chain exists for the CMB/BBN response of the two-step decay chain: the electromagnetic injection spectrum from phi to S S followed by S to SM decays, the p-wave <sigma v>_rec, and the mediator abundance history are only compared to literature bounds; no f_eff computation, Planck energy-injection likelihood, or BBN photodisintegration cascade is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the cascade injection spectra for phi to S S to SM final states, then couple the Boltzmann-solver outputs to ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for f_eff and Planck energy-injection limits and to an ACROPOLIS-class BBN photodisintegration code for the MeV-scale decay chain.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_d_stable_vector_mediator_scalar_annihilation_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model D: stable vector-mediator SIDM with scalar annihilation outlet", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No wired likelihood chain exists for the CMB/BBN response: the residual stable A' abundance, the electromagnetic energy injection from Higgs-portal S decays, and N_eff shifts are only compared to literature bounds; no f_eff computation, Planck energy-injection likelihood, or BBN photodisintegration cascade is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the Boltzmann-solver outputs (residual Y_A', Y_S, tau_S) to ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for f_eff and Planck energy-injection limits and to an ACROPOLIS-class BBN photodisintegration and N_eff code for the MeV-scale S decay history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_10311_anomaly_free_alp_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free ALP inflaton dark matter for the XENON1T excess", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.10311", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The ALP-inflation consistency claim (f_phi about 10^3 sqrt(m_phi M_P), n=3 potential) is not backed by an implemented CMB likelihood: the two-sinusoid potential and its reheating constraints are not coded into any inflation-fitting pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Add the multi-natural ALP-inflation potential to an ASPIC-style slow-roll module or directly to CLASS/CAMB primordial-spectrum machinery, propagate the reheating efficiency epsilon, and fit n_s and r against the Planck likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_04453_hidden_sector_dark_fermion_hubble_tension_v1", "model_name": "Out-of-equilibrium U(1)_X hidden-sector dark-fermion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.04453", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmological likelihood is available for the time-dependent Delta N_eff produced by the out-of-equilibrium S decay near recombination; published N_eff bounds assume a constant extra relativistic density, so the Hubble-tension benchmark cannot be properly tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the decaying-scalar-to-dark-radiation fluid in CLASS/CAMB and run a dedicated MCMC against Planck+BAO+SH0ES likelihoods (e.g. in MontePython or Cobaya) to constrain tau_S, m_S, and the injected Delta N_eff(z).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_06928_right_handed_neutrino_coupled_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed-neutrino-coupled dark matter", "family": "interacting_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.06928", "score": 23.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated likelihood analysis constrains f_chi directly: the quoted f_chi < 0.0045 bound is inherited from Planck+BOSS neutrino-mass limits via an approximate suppression-equivalence, and the future CMB-S4/DESI forecasts were likewise not run through a model-specific pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the extended Boltzmann solver from gap_1 to MontePython or Cobaya with Planck, BOSS BAO, and CMB-lensing likelihoods to run a direct MCMC on (f_chi, m_N, coupling) and validate or replace the neutrino-mass-equivalent bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1706_02722_smallest_non_abelian_chiral_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Smallest non-Abelian chiral dark-sector dark-proton dark matter", "family": "chiral_nonabelian_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1706.02722", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-lepton cosmology constraints (Delta N_eff estimates 0.2 versus 2.9 depending on decoupling epoch, and late-decay energy-injection windows) exist only as analytic estimates with likelihood_available: no; nothing evaluates them against actual CMB/BBN data, and the card notes sterile-neutrino bounds do not translate one-to-one.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark-sector decoupling temperature and dark-lepton energy density in CLASS to get Delta N_eff against the Planck likelihood, and route the heavy dark-lepton decay channels through an energy-injection code (ExoCLASS/DarkAges plus a BBN injection code) to replace the analytic viability windows with data-level constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07951_pure_cosmic_millicharged_background_v1", "model_name": "Pure fermionic cosmic millicharged-particle background", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07951", "score": 23.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB likelihood run exists for this model's reheating-dependent fractional mCP abundance with baryon Coulomb drag: existing dmeff-type CLASS/CAMB analyses assume fixed DM fractions and velocity-power-law cross sections rather than the f_chi(q_chi, m_chi, T_rh) predicted here.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public interacting-DM CLASS/CAMB branch (dmeff with n = -4 Coulomb scattering) to take the model's fractional abundance as input and run the Planck (and forecast CMB-S4) likelihoods over the (q_chi, m_chi, T_rh) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07951_pure_cosmic_millicharged_background_v1", "model_name": "Pure fermionic cosmic millicharged-particle background", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07951", "score": 23.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Experiment-specific likelihoods and acceptances for translating a cosmic millicharged background flux into event yields at fixed-target, neutrino, collider, and direct-detection experiments are not public; beam-based and cosmic-background flux assumptions differ and cannot be interchanged without detector modeling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast package wrapping published mCP search efficiencies (ArgoNeuT, milliQan, SENSEI-class detectors) as likelihoods over (q_chi, m_chi, flux), including terrestrial attenuation and thermalization of slow relic mCPs, so search reach can be mapped onto T_rh.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_5013_u1h_wimpzilla_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_H-stabilized WIMPZILLA with dark radiation", "family": "superheavy_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.5013", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The N_eff constraint on the hidden photon plus scalar-decay dark radiation is only compared against Planck 2013/WMAP9/BBN point values (likelihood_available: partial, no likelihood_reference); no packaged likelihood maps (Y_phi, m_phi, tau_phi, Delta N_eff,H) to current CMB+BBN N_eff posteriors.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the analytic Delta N_eff formula in a likelihood module that evaluates against the public Planck 2018 (+BAO) N_eff posterior and a modern BBN N_eff determination (e.g. via CLASS/MontePython or cobaya chains), replacing the 2013-era point comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_09785_nonminimal_scalar_inflationary_fluctuation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled scalar dark matter from inflationary fluctuations", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.09785", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB isocurvature likelihood is implemented for this model's strongly scale-dependent (blue, peaked) dark-matter isocurvature spectrum; Planck constraints are published for power-law isocurvature and require recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the computed P_iso(k) into the Planck 2018 CDI isocurvature likelihood (via CLASS/CAMB initial-condition amplitudes and a MontePython/Cobaya likelihood run) rather than power-law-slope translation, and expose the result as a viability likelihood over (m, xi, H_I).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_01631_axi_higgs_ultralight_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axi-Higgs ultralight axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.01631", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The benchmark fit relies on compressed CMB scale parameters (l_a, l_eq, l_D, S_L) rather than full Planck likelihoods, and no public likelihood pipeline exists for this model against full CMB anisotropy, lensing, and weak-lensing data; the uncoupled-ULA CMB fraction limits also require recasting to the coupled axi-Higgs setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the modified Boltzmann code exists (gap_1), run full Planck 2018 TTTEEE+lensing, BAO, weak-lensing, and SN likelihoods through Cobaya on the (m_a, Omega_a, Delta v_rec) parameter space, replacing the compressed-observable fit and directly recasting the ULA CMB fraction constraints for the coupled model.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_11896_higgsed_dark_photon_gravitational_production_v1", "model_name": "Higgsed dark photon gravitational-production dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.11896", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB isocurvature viability of the k^2-suppressed blue longitudinal spectrum rests on a source-level argument; no Boltzmann-code implementation of vector dark-matter isocurvature transfer or Planck isocurvature likelihood evaluation exists for this model, so the quantitative constraint on the infrared spectrum has never been computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a dark-matter isocurvature mode with the model's k-dependent initial spectrum to CLASS or CAMB, propagate it to the CMB power spectra, and evaluate the Planck isocurvature likelihood over the (H_I, g, m_A_prime) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15760_z3_scotogenic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scotogenic neutrinophilic scalar dark matter", "family": "neutrinophilic_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15760", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public detector likelihood exists for monoenergetic neutrino lines from MeV-to-sub-GeV p-wave scalar DM annihilation in JUNO/Hyper-Kamiokande/DUNE-class detectors, including neutrino backgrounds, oscillations, and flavor composition.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published JUNO/Super-K diffuse-neutrino and DM-annihilation line analyses into a reusable sigma-v versus m_DM likelihood, with p-wave velocity suppression and the model's flavor branching folded in.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0204293_qcd_transition_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-transition sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0204293", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Ly-alpha/small-scale-structure likelihood accepts this model's non-thermal, possibly resonant momentum distribution; the card's WDM bound is applied only via an approximate thermal-WDM equivalent mass without any transfer-function run.", "proposed_resolution": "Pipe the solver's f_s(p) into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm species to compute the model transfer function, then evaluate it against an existing public Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (MIKE/HIRES/eBOSS-based WDM analyses) via the standard area-criterion or direct emulator recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1505_00306_supersymmetric_stronger_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric axion dark matter with early stronger QCD", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.00306", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB constraints are applied as single quoted 2015-era numbers (isocurvature inequality and tensor bound near H about 10^14 GeV) rather than a current CMB isocurvature/tensor likelihood, so the viable window is not evaluated against up-to-date data.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's predicted uncorrelated CDM isocurvature fraction and tensor-to-scalar ratio onto the Planck 2018 (plus BICEP/Keck) beta_iso and r likelihoods via CLASS/CAMB with an isocurvature mode in a standard sampler, replacing the quoted inequalities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_0022_u1x_isospin_violating_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X isospin-violating asymmetric Dirac dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_vector_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.0022", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only an approximate 2013-era LUX/XENON100-versus-CDMS-Si comparison exists; there is no modern global direct-detection likelihood for the isospin-violating (f_n/f_p near -0.7) low-mass window, which is the model's defining observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current xenon (LZ/XENONnT), silicon/germanium low-threshold, and NaI limits with a generalized-couplings direct-detection likelihood (DDCalc-class extended to arbitrary f_n/f_p and light-mediator finite-q corrections near m_h1 = 200 MeV) over the (m_chi, sigma_p, f_n/f_p) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1811_00028_ballistic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ballistic Dark Matter", "family": "ballistic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1811.00028", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative likelihood analysis exists for the BDM parameter space: the z_star > 5e4 bound for the all-BDM case is a by-eye comparison to WiggleZ-scale matter power without nuisance parameters, degeneracy marginalization, or Planck/BBN likelihood evaluation.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the BDM-enabled Boltzmann code to Cobaya/MontePython with the Planck 2018, BAO, and full-shape galaxy power spectrum likelihoods (plus a BBN Delta N_eff prior for post-BBN transitions) and run an MCMC over (z_star, transition width, f_BDM).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_06270_z3_nmssm_light_singlino_funnel_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3-symmetric NMSSM light singlino funnel dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.06270", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Relic-density and direct-detection viability are imposed as hard scan cuts (0.107 < Omega h^2 < 0.131, fixed sigma_SI/sigma_SD thresholds) rather than through the actual Planck and XENON/LZ-class experimental likelihoods, so blind-spot regions near the cut boundaries cannot be assessed statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the micrOMEGAs outputs in existing public likelihoods — the Planck Omega h^2 Gaussian and DDCalc/LZ-style direct-detection likelihoods as used in GAMBIT — updated to current exposure, replacing the step-function scan cuts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_02698_portalino_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Portalino-inspired neutrino-portal Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.02698", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative BBN/CMB likelihood exists for long-lived Portalinos: the excluded region in (tau_n, m_n, mixing) is drawn from approximate analytic lifetime and radiation-density estimates rather than a computed N_eff and light-element response to late Portalino decays.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the Portalino decoupling and decay history with a thermal-history Boltzmann code coupled to a BBN network (AlterBBN/PRyMordial-class tools plus an N_eff calculation) and interface the result to the Planck N_eff likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0211303_cdm_condensate_transition_v1", "model_name": "Cold dark matter condensate transition model", "family": "condensate_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0211303", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The only constraint is a historical COBE/DASI/MAXIMA/BOOMERANG/CBI + 2dF + HZT/SCP likelihood; no modern CMB/LSS/SN reanalysis pipeline for the condensate parameters (Omega_Q, w_f, z_t) exists, so current exclusions cannot be stated.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the modified CLASS module of gap_1 to Cobaya with Planck 2018, modern BAO, and Pantheon+ likelihoods and rerun the four-parameter scan (Omega_Q, w_f, z_t, H_0) with the other cosmological parameters freed.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_03956_non_susy_so10_triplet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-SUSY SO(10) triplet fermion dark matter", "family": "electroweak_triplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.03956", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-level spin-independent triplet-nucleon cross section and its comparison to LUX/XENON-class data are not implemented; the card only cites related-work statements and records likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the known two-loop electroweak result for hyperchargeless-triplet sigma_SI (wino-like, ~1e-47 cm^2 level) and evaluate it with DDCalc against XENONnT/LZ likelihoods, including the SO(10) scalar-content corrections noted in the card caveats.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1705_08450_hidden_sector_coscattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector coscattering dark matter", "family": "freeze_out_coscattering_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1705.08450", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline exists that maps the residual active-state (n2) abundance, lifetime, and visible branching fractions to CMB spectral-distortion, CMB anisotropy energy-injection, N_eff, and BBN constraints for this model; the card records the CMB spectral-distortion likelihood as unavailable and the BBN recast as not run.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a thin wrapper feeding the (abundance, tau_psi, branching fraction) output of the coscattering solver into ExoCLASS/DarkAges for anisotropy energy-injection limits, a CLASS spectral-distortion module compared to FIRAS, and an injection-capable BBN code, packaged as a reusable late-decay likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0604270_susy_so10_mixed_lsp_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric SO(10) mixed LSP-neutrino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0604270", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern mixed cold-plus-hot dark-matter likelihood is wired to the model: the hot tau-neutrino fraction Omega_HDM has not been confronted with Planck/BAO/LSS neutrino-mass bounds, which likely exclude much of the historical HDM component, and the card marks the structure-consistency constraint recast_required with no likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Map (m_nu, Omega_HDM, Omega_CDM) onto a standard nuCDM parameterization in CLASS or CAMB and evaluate the public Planck plus BAO/LSS likelihoods (e.g., via Cobaya or MontePython), replacing the qualitative 2006 structure argument.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_b_scalar_doublet_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation scalar doublet WIMP Case B", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 21.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the MeV gamma de-excitation signature in EXO-200, KamLAND-Zen, SNO, and Borexino: only published high-energy spectra with conservative background subtraction were used, and gamma-escape and acceptance effects can shift limits by a factor of about two.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published high-energy event spectra, model each detector's response (resolution, gamma-escape probability, fiducial acceptance) with a lightweight Monte Carlo, and package a binned Poisson likelihood over (Delta m, tau, capture rate), extendable to KamLAND-Zen 800 and nEXO-class data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1408_1176_high_scale_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "High-scale-inflation Q-ball dark matter and baryogenesis scenario", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.1176", "score": 21.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The isocurvature and BBN constraints are applied only as analytic pass/fail cuts using Planck 2014 inputs; no coupling to a current CMB isocurvature likelihood or BBN network exists, so the allowed (H_inf, phi_inf, T_RH) window cannot be re-derived with modern data.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the flat-direction baryon/CDM isocurvature amplitude into the Planck 2018 (or later) isocurvature likelihood via CLASS plus a sampler such as MontePython/Cobaya, and check late-decaying gauge-mediation Q-ball energy injection against a standard BBN code (e.g. AlterBBN/PRIMAT).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0808_0770_next_to_minimal_supergravity_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Next-to-minimal supergravity-motivated neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.0770", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable combined likelihood exists for the NmSuGra parameter space: the card's constraint set is the 2008 WMAP-upper-bound/CDMS/LEP/muon g-2/b-physics envelope, superseded by Planck, LHC Run 2 SUSY and Higgs results, and LZ-class direct-detection limits, none of which are implemented for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the scan in a modern global-fit pipeline: NMSSMTools/micrOMEGAs for spectrum, relic density and sigma_SI, DDCalc for LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, and updated flavor and Higgs-mass constraints (e.g. via HiggsTools), combined in a GAMBIT-style composite likelihood over (M0, M1/2, A0, tan beta, lambda).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1312_3636_nonthermal_split_susy_wimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal split-spectrum SUSY WIMP dark matter from moduli decay", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.3636", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern CMB likelihood analysis exists for this model's correlated multi-mode isocurvature plus Delta N_eff initial conditions; the primary analysis is WMAP-era and the card marks the Planck recast as unavailable, so current constraints on alpha_iso, cos Delta, and Delta N_eff cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's initial-mode covariance (correlated CDM isocurvature, dark-radiation isocurvature, and adiabatic modes) as initial conditions in CAMB or CLASS, then run Planck 2018 TT/TE/EE+lensing likelihoods through Cobaya or MontePython, scanning modulus mass, T_r, and branching fractions with the paper's prior structures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_09836_curvature_coupled_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-coupled (pseudo-)scalar dark matter", "family": "curvature_coupled_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09836", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB isocurvature likelihood interface exists for the model: Planck CDM-isocurvature bounds are published for power-law spectra, and no recast maps the curvature-coupled scalar's specific large-scale isocurvature spectrum onto a quantitative constraint on (m_phi, xi, H_I, N_tot, phi_e).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model's isocurvature transfer through CLASS with an uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature initial condition and evaluate the Planck (or equivalent) likelihood over the model parameter grid, publishing the resulting exclusion surface as a reusable table.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_06471_neutrino_philic_twin_2hdm_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-philic twin two-Higgs-doublet cogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06471", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood or acceptance recast exists for 5.5 GeV twin nucleons scattering through combined Higgs and dark-photon portals at low-threshold experiments (PandaX, XENON-1T, CDMS-lite class); the card only cites projection-level statements.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the twin-nucleon sigma_SI (Higgs-portal plus kinetic-mixing contributions) in DDCalc or an equivalent public direct-detection likelihood package and evaluate against published low-mass efficiency curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_10415_bl_origin_qcd_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "B-L origin QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.10415", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The isocurvature constraint on H_inf uses a single quoted source-era bound rather than the full CMB isocurvature likelihood, so the H_inf-F_a-theta_a exclusion cannot be updated or combined with other cosmological data.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's uncorrelated CDM isocurvature amplitude P_ISO(H_inf, F_a, theta_a) into the public Planck isocurvature likelihood via CLASS/CAMB initial conditions in a MontePython or Cobaya pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_09566_mirror_baryon_pbh_evaporation_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror baryon plus PBH-evaporated scalar singlet dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.09566", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihood exists for the mirror-sector cosmology constraint: the N_eff contribution from mirror radiation (x = T'/T) and the mirror-baryon fraction beta are only checked against assumed safety conditions (x < 0.5, 0.1 < beta < 5), and the card records likelihood_available: no with no BBN/N_eff likelihood rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Map (x, beta) to Delta N_eff and an interacting mirror-baryon fluid in a modified CLASS/CAMB run, and evaluate against the Planck lite plus BBN abundance likelihoods to replace the fixed x < 0.5 assumption with an actual posterior over the mirror-sector parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_03126_thermalized_boosted_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermalized boosted milli-charged dark matter subcomponent", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.03126", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No packaged likelihoods exist for the constraint set: heavy-X nuclear-recoil limits (XENON1T/PandaX/LUX/PICO/CRESST/CDMSlite), electron-recoil searches, and BBN/CMB N_eff plus stellar-cooling bounds are all applied as digitized exclusion contours at two fixed mass ratios rather than as reusable likelihood functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood module combining public direct-detection efficiency/exposure data (e.g. via DDCalc-style recasts of the listed experiments) with a CLASS-based Planck N_eff likelihood for f_MCP and a massless dark photon, parameterized in (m_ell, m_X/m_ell, Q, alpha_D, f_MCP).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0303564_baryonic_chaplygin_quartessence_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-including generalized Chaplygin gas quartessence", "family": "unified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0303564", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The only constraints are a figure-based 2dF likelihood with WMAP-era priors and related (not model-identical) WMAP/SNIa limits; no reusable likelihood over (alpha, A) for the baryon-including quartessence exists against modern data.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the CLASS implementation from gap_1 to Cobaya/MontePython with Planck 2018, modern galaxy power spectra (BOSS/DESI, linear cuts as in the paper), and Pantheon+ SNe, and rescan the (alpha, A, Omega_b0, h) space to replace the historical contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0504096_bulk_shortcut_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Bulk-shortcut sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0504096", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing Ly-alpha and X-ray sterile-neutrino WDM bounds are calibrated for thermal or standard resonant-production spectra; no validated procedure maps them onto the (uncomputed) nonthermal shortcut-production distribution, as the card's recast_required constraints note.", "proposed_resolution": "Once f(p) is available, compute T(k) with CLASS's non-cold-relic module and apply a generalized suppression-shape criterion (e.g., the area-criterion recast of Ly-alpha WDM limits) rather than the thermal-mass mapping; pair with standard X-ray decay-line limits at the model's (m_s, theta).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9910349_two_neutrino_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-neutrino hot dark matter with a four-neutrino mass pattern", "family": "hot_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9910349", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No runnable likelihood exists for the CHDM structure fit: the 2000-era CMB plus galaxy-survey compilation behind the quoted probabilities (0.09/0.34) is not preserved as software, and no modern-data recast of the two-degenerate-neutrino hot component has been set up.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast with current data: run CLASS with N_massive=2 degenerate neutrinos at the historical parameter point and a free (sum m_nu, Omega_nu) grid through Cobaya/MontePython against Planck 2018 plus BOSS/eBOSS full-shape likelihoods, replacing the unrecoverable source-era compilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1007_2631_neutral_su2n_vector_boson_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutral SU(2)_N vector-boson dark matter", "family": "non_abelian_vector_boson_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.2631", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Only the historical 2010 CDMS Ge envelope is available for the h-exchange X_1-nucleon scattering; no modern direct-detection likelihood (LZ/XENONnT-class) has been recast onto the (m_X, m_h) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the model cross section is computable (gap_1), recast current LZ/XENONnT spin-independent limits with a standard direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc) to replace the historical CDMS mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03238_flavor_specific_scalar_secluded_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-specific scalar mediator secluded Dirac dark matter", "family": "secluded_scalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03238", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection likelihood exists for this model: the S-wave bound-state-formation injection has not been mapped to a Planck constraint because the scalar's flavor-specific decay branchings and the resulting deposited-energy efficiency f_eff(z) were never computed for this dark sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the scalar branching fractions to mu+mu-, hadrons, and photons from the flavor-specific couplings, derive f_eff(z) with DarkHistory, and impose the Planck p_ann bound via ExoCLASS/CLASS on the combined annihilation-plus-BSF injection rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1232_s3_schizophrenic_neutrino_rh_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 schizophrenic-neutrino right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1232", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The N_eff prediction (Delta N_eff up to about 1 for a 1 TeV Z-prime) has not been confronted with a modern Planck+BAO/BBN N_eff likelihood; the card marks the likelihood as only partial and the recast as needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Map T_D(M_Zprime) to Delta N_eff with standard entropy-conservation formulae and evaluate against the published Planck 2018 plus BAO N_eff posterior (or a CLASS/MontePython run), producing an exclusion on the B-L breaking scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_11450_low_scale_trinification_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale trinification Majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.11450", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No low-threshold direct-detection recast exists for Higgs-mediated scattering of sub-MeV scalar dark matter, where nuclear-recoil energies fall below conventional detector thresholds; the paper only points to the channel without computing limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast electron-recoil and Migdal-effect analyses (e.g. XENON-class and semiconductor low-threshold experiments) for a sub-MeV Higgs-portal scalar with freeze-in-sized lambda_LR, to establish whether any present or planned experiment reaches the relevant cross sections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_10513_leptophilic_scalar_u1_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic scalar dark matter in a gauged U(1)_ model", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.10513", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined likelihood exists for the joint viability constraint (muon g-2, b -> s mu mu Wilson coefficients, relic band, XENON1T-class direct detection, neutrino trident, LHC multileptons); the card records likelihood_available: no and notes that no post-2022 flavor-anomaly global fit or updated direct-detection limit has been applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a joint likelihood using flavio/smelli for the b -> s mu mu Wilson coefficients and delta a_mu with current world averages, updated LZ/XENONnT spin-independent limits for the Higgs-portal coupling, published neutrino-trident bounds on (g_prime, m_Z_prime), and recast LHC multilepton limits, exposed over the full scan parameter vector.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_08557_atomic_dark_matter_dark_star_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter subcomponent forming dark stars", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08557", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological constraint on (epsilon, xi, m_X, m_e_dark, alpha_D) from dark acoustic oscillations, N_eff, and galaxy morphology is only carried over from cited benchmarks (epsilon <= 0.05, xi = 0.5); no CMB/matter-power likelihood has been rerun for this model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Use an existing atomic-dark-matter/ETHOS-type CLASS implementation to compute DAO-suppressed transfer functions over the card's parameter grid and run Planck plus matter-power likelihoods (MontePython/Cobaya) to derive posterior bounds on epsilon and xi specific to this benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2211_13653_hybrid_two_scalar_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid two-scalar dark sector", "family": "coupled_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.13653", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated MCMC constraint pipeline exists for the exact hybrid potential: current bounds are only recast from related coupled-dark-energy analyses, and the card notes a dedicated run with Planck+lensing+BAO+SN+RSD+weak-lensing data is required to obtain posteriors on (M, g, lambda, phi_i, chi_i).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS module exists, interface it with MontePython or Cobaya and run an MCMC over the hybrid-potential parameters against Planck 2018 (TT,TE,EE+lensing), BAO, SNe, and RSD/f sigma8 data, reproducing the coupled-dark-energy bounds as a validation limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0609081_higgs_singlet_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino dark matter from Higgs-singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0609081", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider likelihood covers the singlet-Higgs sector: the invisible-Higgs and displaced-vertex reach quoted for the historical 120 GeV benchmark has not been recast with current LHC Higgs measurements and long-lived-particle searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the H-S mixing and S -> NN branching in a Higgs-sector constraint tool (HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals-class plus current ATLAS/CMS invisible-width limits) and recast relevant displaced-vertex searches for the long-lived singlet decay length.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0801_4108_flaxino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Flaxino dark matter with stau NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.4108", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged BBN light-element likelihood is available for late-decaying charged stau NLSPs in this scenario; the card records only approximate literature bounds, so the BBN safety of near-degenerate stau-flaxino spectra cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's (tau_stau, stau abundance) plane through public BBN codes that include hadronic/electromagnetic injection and charged-particle catalysis (e.g. AlterBBN/PArthENoPE-class codes with CBBN bound-state corrections), packaged as a likelihood over the card's constrained parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5709_neutrinophilic_u1_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic local U(1) singlet-fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5709", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative LFV likelihood exists (con_neutrinophilic_lfv_zprime has likelihood_available: no): the claim that anarchical Yukawa choices keep mu->e gamma and related rates below sensitivity is qualitative, with no branching-ratio calculator wired to MEG/Mu2e-class limits for this model's Y_nu and v_2 structure.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one-loop LFV branching ratios in the neutrinophilic 2HDM as functions of Y_nu and v_2 (or adapt an existing 2HDM LFV code) and wrap current MEG-II and future Mu2e limits into a likelihood over the flavor parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_04936_dark_photon_dirac_hot_relic_v1", "model_name": "Dirac dark photon hidden-sector thermal relic", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.04936", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Ly-alpha forest flux-power likelihood is interfaced to this model's hidden-sector hot-relic transfer functions; the existing 3.3 keV thermal-WDM bound can only be applied through an unvalidated thermal-equivalent recast, and the card records no available likelihood for step s4.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface CLASS-computed transfer functions for the rescaled-thermal hidden-sector distribution to a public Ly-alpha likelihood or emulator (e.g. a lym1d/eBOSS-style flux-power likelihood or the Murgia et al. area-criterion recast), marginalizing over IGM thermal history, and validate against the 3.3 keV thermal-WDM limit in the pure-WDM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1406_0228_asymmetric_right_handed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric right-handed sneutrino dark matter in a supersymmetric neutrinophilic Higgs model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.0228", "score": 19.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-induced, neutron-dominated Z-coupling cross section is only compared against a hand-recast LUX-era limit; no modern isospin-violating direct-detection likelihood evaluation (LZ/XENONnT-class) exists for the (M_N2, loop trilinear ratio) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the loop-induced sneutrino-Z effective coupling as neutron/proton-specific couplings in DDCalc (or micrOMEGAs direct-detection module) and evaluate the public LZ and XENONnT likelihoods over the benchmark parameter plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0706_3667_affine_quintessence_unified_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Affine-EOS quintessence unified dark fluid", "family": "unified_dark_sector_scalar_field", "arxiv": "0706.3667", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood analysis exists for the affine parameters (p_0, alpha): background viability and the sound-speed bound are stated qualitatively (likelihood_available: no/unknown) with no parameter posterior from expansion-history or perturbation data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS implementation of gap_1 exists, run an MCMC (MontePython/Cobaya) with Planck CMB, BAO, and supernova likelihoods over (p_0, alpha, initial scalar trajectory) to produce the first quantitative affine-quintessence constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0808_3094_su5_nonuniversal_gaugino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) non-universal gaugino-mass neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.3094", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The viability of the WMAP-era allowed regions is not evaluated against modern data: no Planck relic-density target, Run-2 LHC simplified-model limits, or current direct-detection (LZ/XENONnT-class) likelihood is applied to the SU(5) representation benchmarks (con_lhc_and_direct_update is a recast flag only).", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the SOFTSUSY+micrOMEGAs scan against the Planck Omega_CDM h^2 band, pass spectra through SModelS for Run-2 LHC limits, and evaluate sigma_SI with micrOMEGAs plus DDCalc likelihoods for LZ/XENONnT, packaging the combination as a reusable constraint set.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0810_3625_so10_axion_gut_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) GUT inflation model with axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0810.3625", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The inflation-scale constraint is applied only as a WMAP5-era n_s ~ 0.96 target with no likelihood (likelihood_available no, recasting_needed yes); the Coleman-Weinberg/Higgs-potential predictions have not been confronted with any modern CMB likelihood including the r-n_s plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute the n_s and r predictions of the Coleman-Weinberg and Higgs-potential cases and evaluate them against the Planck 2018 plus BICEP/Keck likelihoods with Cobaya or MontePython (CLASS backend), scanning the SO(10) breaking-scale inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1110_5931_gravitationally_produced_x_boson_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitationally produced nonthermal X-boson dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_gravitational_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1110.5931", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No CMB likelihood exists for this model's specific signatures: a strongly blue-tilted uncorrelated CDM isocurvature spectrum (the quoted alpha < 0.064 bound assumes scale invariance) and local non-Gaussianity sourced by an isocurvature rather than adiabatic mode, for which no Planck-era template recast is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a parameterized blue-tilted CDI spectrum (amplitude and tilt at k0 = 0.002 Mpc^-1) to CLASS and constrain it with the Planck 2018 likelihoods in Cobaya/MontePython, and recast the Planck isocurvature-bispectrum f_NL analysis onto this model's isocurvature-sourced local shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_4614_two_singlet_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-real-singlet light scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4614", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable likelihoods exist for any of the model's constraints: the direct-detection comparison uses XENON10/CDMS-era published curves, and the LEP light-scalar compatibility has no recast likelihood, so exclusion statements cannot be updated to current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model implementation to DDCalc for current xenon-target (LZ/XENONnT-class) likelihoods on sigma_SI, and run the mixed-scalar spectrum through HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals-class tools for the LEP/LHC light-scalar and heavy-scalar constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3660_yukawa_coupled_quintessence_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Yukawa-coupled quintessence fermion dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_energy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3660", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The published constraints rest on Planck-2013 TT + WMAP polarization, Union 2.1 SNIa, and the HST H0 prior; no analysis pipeline with current-generation likelihoods (Planck 2018/ACT, modern BAO and SNIa compilations) exists for this model, so the reported negative-interaction preference cannot be re-evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the CLASS/CAMB module exists, wire it into Cobaya or MontePython with Planck 2018, DESI/BOSS BAO, and Pantheon+ likelihoods and rerun the (beta/M, alpha) posterior, including the fixed-alpha case.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_04061_curvature_induced_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-induced adiabatic scalar singlet dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.04061", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline connects the model's residual isocurvature fraction to a CMB likelihood: the adiabaticity claim rests on the analytic heavy-field tracking argument and no Planck isocurvature recast exists for the parameter region where tracking becomes marginal.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the isocurvature transfer for the spectator perturbations (including the light/marginal-tracking regime), implement it as a CDM-isocurvature amplitude in CLASS or CAMB, and constrain (m, xi, H_end) with the Planck adiabatic-plus-isocurvature likelihood in MontePython or Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9807374_n1_axion_wall_decay_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "N=1 axion domain-wall decay dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9807374", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route explicitly has no likelihood: existing haloscope analyses (ADMX-class) assume a standard halo model lineshape, and no likelihood exists for a cavity spectrum containing a population-II component broadened by the order-10^3 velocity-dispersion enhancement.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public haloscope lineshape likelihood to a two-component signal model (narrow population I plus broadened population II parameterized by its local fraction and dispersion) and recast existing cavity exclusion data with it.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph9806480_chiral_vorton_superconducting_string_dm_v1", "model_name": "Chiral vorton dark matter from Witten-type superconducting strings", "family": "topological_defect_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9806480", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the vorton overclosure and early-matter-domination constraint: the excluded Gmu band comes from an order-of-magnitude semianalytic argument and has never been recast against modern BBN and CMB data (likelihood_available is 'no' and recasting_needed is 'yes').", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vorton energy-density history as an early-matter-domination component in a Boltzmann code such as CLASS or CAMB and derive posterior bounds on (Gmu, s) from Planck CMB and standard BBN abundance likelihoods, replacing the symbolic excluded band with a statistical constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_04936_heavy_mediator_dirac_hot_relic_v1", "model_name": "Dirac heavy thermal hot relic with heavy scalar mediator", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.04936", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Ly-alpha forest flux-power likelihood is interfaced to the hidden-sector hot-relic transfer functions of this scalar-mediated Dirac model; the 3.3 keV thermal-WDM limit can only be applied via an unvalidated thermal-equivalent recast, and step s4 has no available likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Connect CLASS transfer functions for the rescaled-thermal hidden-sector distribution to a public Ly-alpha likelihood or emulator (e.g. a lym1d/eBOSS-style flux-power likelihood or the Murgia et al. area-criterion recast) with IGM thermal-history marginalization, validating against the thermal-WDM 3.3 keV bound in the appropriate limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2001_00948_solar_neutrino_boosted_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "Solar-neutrino-boosted bound-state dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.00948", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public bubble-chamber (PICO-class) likelihood or detector-response model exists for the boosted dark-matter recoil spectrum produced by solar-neutrino dissociation; the only constraint is an approximate event-count reinterpretation with low robustness.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a recast module that folds the boosted velocity distribution into the published PICO nucleation efficiency curves and exposure to produce a Poisson likelihood, structured like a DDCalc experiment module but accepting an arbitrary nonthermal incoming flux instead of a halo velocity distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_09566_mirror_baryon_heavy_pbh_multicomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror baryon plus heavy primordial-black-hole multicomponent dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.09566", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The mirror-radiation bound is imposed only as the assumed safety condition x < 0.5; no N_eff likelihood has been run mapping the mirror temperature ratio x and mirror-baryon fraction beta onto BBN and Planck constraints for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Map x to delta N_eff with the standard mirror-sector degrees-of-freedom relation, include the mirror-baryon fraction in the background of CLASS or CAMB, and evaluate the Planck+BBN N_eff likelihood (Cobaya/MontePython) to convert the assumed x < 0.5 condition into a posterior bound on (x, beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701007_right_handed_sneutrino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino superWIMP from late neutralino decay", "family": "sneutrino_superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701007", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route has no quantitative likelihood step: the exact suppressed transfer function of the decay-produced right-handed sneutrino is never computed (the chain stops at analytic lambda_FS), and both the Ly-alpha bound and the CMB/LSS relativistic-energy-injection bound are applied only through approximate WDM-style and figure-level mappings.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the public two-body decaying-CDM CLASS extension (neutralino lifetime tau and mass splitting Delta map directly onto its parameters) to compute the exact daughter transfer function and neutrino energy release, then constrain it with an area-criterion Ly-alpha WDM likelihood and the Planck CMB/LSS likelihoods in MontePython/Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701007_right_handed_kk_neutrino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed Kaluza-Klein neutrino superWIMP from late KK decay", "family": "kaluza_klein_neutrino_superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701007", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route has no quantitative likelihood step: the exact suppressed transfer function of the decay-produced right-handed KK neutrino is never computed (the chain stops at analytic lambda_FS), and both the Ly-alpha bound and the CMB/LSS relativistic-energy-injection bound are applied only through approximate WDM-style and figure-level mappings.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the public two-body decaying-CDM CLASS extension (parent lifetime tau and mass splitting Delta map directly onto its parameters) to compute the exact daughter transfer function and Neff-like energy release, then constrain it with an area-criterion Ly-alpha WDM likelihood and the Planck CMB/LSS likelihoods in MontePython/Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2101_11019_twin_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Twin Higgs Portal scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.11019", "score": 16.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood pipeline connects the model's predicted sigma_SI to current/next-generation direct-detection likelihoods or its twin-radiation Delta N_eff to BBN/CMB likelihoods; the card records only cited sensitivity projections, not executed statistical constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model outputs to DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT exposures and DARWIN projections) for sigma_SI(m_S) and to the Planck N_eff posterior (via CLASS+Cobaya) for the assumed twin spectrum, scanning (m_S, f/v, m_hhat) along the relic-fixed lambda_HS curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_06494_two_hidden_sector_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-hidden-sector long-lived dark photon dark matter", "family": "dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.06494", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Delta N_eff constraint on the two hidden-sector temperatures is applied only as a quoted BBN/CMB/BAO bound; no likelihood pipeline propagates the model's redshift-dependent hidden radiation content through a CMB/BBN fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the solved T1(z), T2(z) histories onto a Delta N_eff(z) input for CLASS/CAMB and evaluate against the Planck+BAO likelihood (and PArthENoPE/PRIMAT for BBN), replacing the single-number bound with a proper posterior.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_04936_heavy_thermal_hot_relic_v1", "model_name": "Heavy thermal hot relic dark matter in a cooler hidden sector", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.04936", "score": 15.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Ly-alpha forest flux-power likelihood is interfaced to the cooler-hidden-sector hot-relic transfer functions of this framework; the 3.3 keV thermal-WDM bound applies only through a thermal-equivalent recast whose validity across the keV-to-PeV, Tprime/T ~ 1e-1 to 1e-5 parameter space is unquantified, and step s4 records no available likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline that maps (m_DM, Tprime/T) to CLASS ncdm transfer functions and feeds them to a public Ly-alpha likelihood or emulator (e.g. lym1d/eBOSS-style flux power or the Murgia et al. area criterion) with IGM thermal-history marginalization, validated against the thermal-WDM 3.3 keV limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2211_02057_one_component_nonthermal_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "One-component non-thermal flavon portal dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02057", "score": 13, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No interfaced BBN likelihood exists for late-decaying flavons with hadronic/visible energy injection; the constraint is applied only as literature exclusion curves, so the lifetime-branching boundary of the viable region cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the flavon lifetime and visible branching fractions to an existing BBN energy-injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS-class light-element solvers), mapping (tau_phi, Br_visible, m_phi) onto light-element likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 8, "rank_structure_formation": 5}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 134, "n_models": 134, "weight": 3623.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 53, "weight_structure_formation": 1512.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 87, "blocks_all_observables": 10, "degrades_precision": 34, "minor": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 94, "large": 28, "small": 12}, "members": [{"model_id": "1805_08112_quartic_fuzzy_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark matter with repulsive quartic self-interaction", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08112", "score": 46, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS module implementing the quartic-FDM effective-fluid sound speed c_s^2(a,k) and the quartic-dominated (radiation-like) background phase is not publicly released; without it neither the matter-power cutoff nor the equality-shift observable can be recomputed or the lambda(m) bound updated with current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's averaged scalar-fluid treatment as a public CLASS extension (natural host: extend AxiCLASS's ultralight-axion fluid module with the lambda phi^4 correction to w(a) and c_s^2(a,k)), validate against the paper's quoted log10(lambda) = -91.86 + 4 log10(m/1e-22 eV) exclusion line, and couple it to MontePython/Cobaya with current Planck and LSS likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_12983_ultra_light_pion_baryon_wimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-Light Pion and Baryon WIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.12983", "score": 45, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level signal model exists for the millicharged-pion and pi0-photon couplings; the paper defers resonant-detector and modified-electrodynamics forecasts to future work, so laboratory observability cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the g_pi_gamma and millicharge signal power in axion-haloscope and light-shining-through-wall setups, and recast existing haloscope/millicharge exclusion data onto the (epsilon, m_pi, F_pi) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_02052_extreme_axion_cosine_fluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Extreme axion dark matter with cosine potential fluid modeling", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.02052", "score": 42, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified axionCAMB implementing the full cosine potential, extreme hilltop initial angles, the effective-sound-speed fluid switch, and the background lookup-table acceleration is described in the paper but not publicly released, so no one else can compute CMB or matter power spectra for extreme axions.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or reimplement the cosine-potential fluid treatment as a public axionCAMB (or CLASS) patch, including the shooting solver for f_a given (m_a, theta_i, Omega_a h^2) and validation against the paper's field-equation comparisons.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_06560_blue_axion_photon_decay_v1", "model_name": "Blue axion with two-photon decay", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.06560", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward model computes COB diffuse intensity and angular power from blue-axion two-photon decay across the card's cold, freeze-out non-cold, and hot-relic abundance cases, including the mixed cold-warm suppression of small-scale power and astrophysical EBL foreground modeling.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a decay-emissivity plus angular-power module using CLASS/CAMB ncdm transfer functions for the non-cold fraction and an EBL foreground model, validated against the HST 606 nm anisotropy bounds of arXiv:2205.01079 and the paper's 5-25 eV exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_13086_kinetically_coupled_axion_dilaton_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically coupled axion-dilaton fuzzy dark matter model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.13086", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS implementation evolving the kinetically coupled axion-dilaton background and perturbations (f(chi) kinetic coupling, EDE-like injection, fuzzy-axion power suppression) is not publicly available, so neither the CMB nor matter-power predictions can be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recover or reimplement the two-field sector in public CLASS (starting from AxiCLASS/CLASS_EDE as a template), adding the exponential kinetic function to the background and perturbation equations, and validate against the paper's example with EDE fraction near 0.097 and the roughly 10 percent matter-power step at F = 0.01.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_06216_irreducible_freeze_in_axion_background_v1", "model_name": "Irreducible freeze-in axion background", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.06216", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, documented freeze-in integrator computes the irreducible axion yield from SM plasma processes (inverse decays, e+e- annihilation, photon conversions with thermal/plasmon effects) for axion-photon and axion-electron couplings with a low BBN-limit reheating temperature; the paper's contours are said to be public but no repository is identified on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the paper's freeze-in Boltzmann integration as a documented module (e.g. extend the micrOMEGAs freeze-in machinery or a standalone Python integrator) taking (m_a, g_a_gamma, g_ae, T_R) and returning the yield, Omega_a and the nonthermal momentum distribution, validated against the published blue contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_07718_dilaton_resonant_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark photon dark matter from an oscillating dilaton", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.07718", "score": 36.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No pipeline connects the resonantly produced, nonthermally peaked dark-photon spectrum to late-time structure observables: the card gives no transfer function, no thermal WDM mapping, and no tool for the enhanced small-scale power or vector solitonic-core phenomenology quoted for m_A ~ 1e-21 eV.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear transfer function from the simulated production spectrum in a Boltzmann solver (CLASS with a nonthermal ncdm/vector fluid module) and run Schrodinger-Poisson-type wave-DM simulations generalized to spin-1 fields to predict halo cores and small-scale power for the ultralight regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_modulus_decay_axion_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulus-decay axion hot-and-cold dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation propagates the non-thermal, modulus-decay-produced axion momentum distribution (more energetic than the ambient plasma) together with the cold coherent-oscillation component into Delta N_eff, effective HDM mass, and scale-dependent power suppression for this mixed hot-plus-cold axion population.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the decay-produced axion phase-space distribution f(p; m_phi, decay_temperature, branching_fraction) as a custom ncdm species in CLASS alongside a cold axion fluid, then recast against Planck and LSS likelihoods for the (m_a, m_phi, branching) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_03295_e_model_attractor_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "E-model attractor scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_attractor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.03295", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann or background code implements the E-model attractor potential: the background scan (V0, alpha, rho_i, m -> Omega_m today) and the linear transfer function with the early steep-tracker-wing phase are not covered by existing ultralight-scalar solvers, which assume a harmonic m^2 phi^2 potential from the start.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ultralight-scalar Boltzmann code (axionCAMB or a CLASS scalar-field module) with the E-model potential V(phi)=V0(1-exp[-lambda phi/m_p])^2, evolving the full background field through the tracker and oscillatory regimes and switching to the effective-fluid/harmonic treatment once oscillations are fast, validated against w=0 for n=1 and the kpc Jeans length at m~1e-22 eV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_03295_tracker_attractor_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Tracker-potential scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_attractor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.03295", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann or background code implements the tracker attractor potential: the background scan (V0, alpha, rho_i, m -> Omega_m today) through the symmetric tracker wings that broaden the initial-condition basin, and the linear transfer function through that early phase, are not covered by existing ultralight-scalar solvers, which assume a harmonic m^2 phi^2 potential from the start.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ultralight-scalar Boltzmann code (axionCAMB or a CLASS scalar-field module) with the tracker potential V(phi)=V0 phi^(2n)/(1-phi^2/(6 alpha m_p^2))^n, evolving the full background field through the tracker and oscillatory regimes and switching to the effective-fluid/harmonic treatment once oscillations are fast, validated against w=0 for n=1 and the kpc Jeans length at m~1e-22 eV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_07255_scalar_dm_clumps_angular_momentum_v1", "model_name": "Light scalar dark matter clumps with angular momentum", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07255", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The photon-resonance (Floquet) solver from the cited follow-up paper is not public and has never been applied to non-spherical l > 0 clump profiles, so the predicted angular-momentum-enabled radio resonance cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an open-source Floquet-exponent solver for axion-photon parametric resonance that accepts non-spherical field profiles, validate it on the follow-up paper's spherical no-resonance result, then scan the l > 0 branch in (l, M, g_a_gamma).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_00430_axion_clump_photon_resonance_v1", "model_name": "Axion dark matter clump photon-resonance model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.00430", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical solver computes photon parametric-resonance (Floquet) growth exponents for finite, non-spherical or rotating axion clump profiles with backreaction and photon escape; only the paper's case-by-case analysis exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Release a mode-equation solver built on the paper's vector-spherical-harmonic decomposition that integrates the coupled axion-photon equations on user-specified clump profiles (spherical and angular-momentum-carrying), outputs growth exponents versus escape rate, and is validated against the primary paper's resonance/no-resonance boundaries.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_05621_3hdm_astrophobic_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generalized three-Higgs-doublet astrophobic QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.05621", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code computes the thermal axion yield and Delta N_eff for flavor-dependent astrophobic 3HDM coupling patterns; the paper's Y_a(T) evolution including SM decays and scatterings with suppressed nucleon/electron/photon/muon couplings exists only as a private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's production and absorption rates in a momentum-averaged Boltzmann integrator parameterized by the general coupling set (C_e, C_N, C_mu, E/N, f_a), validate against the paper's Delta N_eff curves for the benchmark charge assignments, and release it so any astrophobic variant can be scanned.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_11470_massive_dark_photon_soliton_eft_v1", "model_name": "Massive dark photon soliton EFT", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.11470", "score": 35.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for polarized vector Schrodinger-Poisson solitons; existing fuzzy-dark-matter soliton codes are scalar-field only, so the profile input to the Floquet and flux calculations cannot be generated with named public tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public scalar Schrodinger-Poisson soliton shooting/relaxation code to a three-component massive vector field, outputting profiles for each polarization state parameterized by (m, soliton mass).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_qcd_axion_saxion_decay_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hot-and-cold dark matter from saxion decay", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 35.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the nonthermal axion population from saxion decay: the card gives only an approximate distribution function, and computing Delta N_eff and the effective HDM mass m_eff self-consistently requires evolving a noncold species with the colder-than-thermal saxion-decay momentum spectrum through the CMB/LSS era.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the saxion-decay axion phase-space distribution f(q) as a function of T_sigma and the branching fraction, and implement it as a custom ncdm species in CLASS (which accepts user-supplied momentum distributions), validating against the analytic Delta N_eff and m_eff limits quoted in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_03295_t_model_attractor_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "T-model attractor scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_attractor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.03295", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann or background code implements the T-model attractor potential: the background scan (V0, alpha, rho_i, m -> Omega_m today) including the flat plateau wings that make initial conditions non-generic, and the linear transfer function through that early phase, are not covered by existing ultralight-scalar solvers, which assume a harmonic m^2 phi^2 potential from the start.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ultralight-scalar Boltzmann code (axionCAMB or a CLASS scalar-field module) with the T-model potential V(phi)=V0 tanh(lambda_1 phi/m_p)^2, evolving the full background field through the plateau and oscillatory regimes and switching to the effective-fluid/harmonic treatment once oscillations are fast, validated against w=0 for n=1 and the kpc Jeans length at m~1e-22 eV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_2959_mixed_axion_axino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mixed axion/axino dark matter for thermal leptogenesis", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.2959", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled relic-density solver combines axion misalignment, thermal axino production, and the two nonthermal channels with possible saxion decay and entropy production, which the route lists as required and the paper explicitly omits.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a PQMSSM relic pipeline coupling IsaReD (or micrOMEGAs) neutralino output with the axion misalignment and thermal/nonthermal axino production rates in one Boltzmann code, adding an optional saxion entropy-dilution branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1707_02077_colder_freeze_in_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Colder freeze-in axino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.02077", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the DFSZ freeze-in axino phase-space distribution f(q) (decay and scattering collision terms plus saxion entropy dilution); the distribution feeding CLASS in step s2 comes from the authors' private Boltzmann calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's reduced collision terms for DFSZ 2-body decay, 3-body decay, and 2-to-2 scattering production in a public momentum-dependent freeze-in solver, with a saxion entropy-dilution factor Delta, outputting f(q) tables in CLASS ncdm psd format.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_13799_cw_ultralight_scalar_higgs_portal_rhn_v1", "model_name": "Coleman-Weinberg ultralight scalar dark matter with GeV-scale right-handed neutrinos", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13799", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation exists for the dynamically induced thermal-misalignment mechanism: evolving the coherent scalar in its Coleman-Weinberg plus finite-temperature Higgs-portal potential through the electroweak crossover to obtain Omega_phi h^2 and the onset of oscillations; only the paper's semi-analytic A(m_phi) target curve is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated ODE solver for phi(T) using the SM lattice/dimensional-reduction thermal Higgs vev history and the CW-stabilized potential, with comoving-number conservation after oscillation onset, validated against the paper's statement that fixing Omega_DM determines A(m_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_1352_ltr_thermal_hadronic_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal hadronic axion dark matter with low-temperature reheating", "family": "thermal_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.1352", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes thermal hadronic-axion freeze-out, entropy-diluted yield, and axion-to-photon temperature ratio through a low-temperature-reheating history (scalar decay with entropy generation, 10 MeV <= T_rh <= 250 MeV); the primary paper's numerical implementation was never released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled scalar-decay/radiation/axion Boltzmann system from the primary-paper equations with hadronic axion-pion rates in a standalone solver (or extend an existing nonstandard-cosmology relic code to include the axion pion-scattering collision term), outputting T_F, Omega_a h^2, and T_a/T_gamma over the (m_a, T_rh) plane, validated by recovering the standard result for T_rh >> T_F.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_16242_wimp_qcd_axion_emde_multicomponent_v1", "model_name": "Noninteracting WIMP and QCD axion dark matter in an early matter dominated epoch", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.16242", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The coupled modulus-radiation-axion-WIMP background Boltzmann solver used in the paper is not established as publicly released, so the relic densities and dilution factors that anchor both routes cannot be recomputed with an existing public tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or reimplement the paper's SciPy/BDF coupled-fluid solver as an open Python package, validating against the paper's relic-density and T_D benchmark figures and the radiation-dominated limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_07362_stochastic_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Stochastic QCD axion dark matter scenario", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.07362", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical stochastic-inflation (Fokker-Planck/Langevin) solver is available to evolve the axion field distribution through a realistic time-dependent H(t) inflationary background and test whether stochastic equilibrium is reached within the assumed number of e-folds, which is the central validity question for the predicted abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a 1D Fokker-Planck (or lattice Langevin) solver for the axion field probability distribution with a user-specified H(t) from concrete low-scale inflation potentials, parameterized by (m_a, f_a, H_I, N_e), and validate against the analytic equilibrium distribution in the constant-H limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_02255_high_fa_qcd_axion_pbh_ucmh_v1", "model_name": "High-decay-constant QCD axion dark matter with PBH-seeded UCMHs", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02255", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The neutron-star/UCMH transient radio signal is estimated at paper level; existing public neutron-star axion-photon conversion pipelines assume ambient halo dark matter and are not adapted to transient encounters with dense UCMH profiles.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing neutron-star magnetosphere axion-photon conversion code to take a time-dependent UCMH density profile as input and output transient radio flux densities and SKA detectability for given encounter geometries.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_03627_hidden_monopole_axion_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden monopole dark matter via axion portal", "family": "hidden_monopole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.03627", "score": 32.9, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast code implements the momentum-dependent, spin-dependent monopole-nucleon cross section induced by the axion portal in direct-detection forecasts (PICO-500), nor the SHiP/beam-dump production and decay acceptance for the MeV-scale axion, so the m_a-f_a exclusion/reach contours cannot be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a direct-detection recast framework such as DDCalc (or a WimPyDD-style rate calculator) with the model's q-dependent spin-dependent form factor and PICO-500 detector response, and digitize/implement SHiP axion production-and-decay acceptance from published sensitivity studies to overlay both on the m_a-f_a plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_1352_kination_thermal_hadronic_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal hadronic axion dark matter with kination", "family": "thermal_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.1352", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/freeze-out code computes the thermal hadronic-axion yield, freeze-out temperature T_F, and free-streaming scale with a kination expansion history (H proportional to T^3, no entropy production); the primary paper's numerical solution was never released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the primary-paper freeze-out equations with hadronic axion-pion interaction rates in a standalone module (or as a nonstandard-H(T) extension of an existing thermal-axion relic code), parameterized by (m_a, T_kin, g_*S,F), and validate by recovering the standard radiation-domination freeze-out when T_kin is high.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1207_4858_supersymmetric_pq_axion_saxion_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Peccei-Quinn axion-saxion model with thermal saxion effects", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1207.4858", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver evolves the axion supermultiplet cosmology of this model: saxion coherent oscillation with thermal deformation and dissipation, thermal axino/saxion yields, saxion decays to axions/gluons, entropy injection, and the resulting axion cold component and Delta N_eff.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a dedicated coupled Boltzmann code (e.g. extending public mixed axion-neutralino freeze-out codes such as the Bae-Baer-Lessa-type setup) with inputs (F_a, T_R, m_sigma, initial saxion amplitude, branching fractions) and outputs (Y_sigma, Y_axino, Omega_a, Delta N_eff, dilution factor), validated against the paper's dissipation on/off limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_2555_minimal_pq_nmssm_singlino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal PQ-NMSSM light singlino LSP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2555", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No code evolves the model's nonstandard cosmological history: late saxion decay with entropy production diluting the thermal singlino abundance, nonthermal LSP production, and the residual axion misalignment fraction that together set the final multi-component relic density.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple a saxion decay/entropy-injection Boltzmann module (of the mixed axion-neutralino type developed for PQ-augmented SUSY, e.g. Bae-Baer-Lessa style codes) to the micrOMEGAs freeze-out output, with inputs (v_PQ, saxion mass/lifetime, initial amplitude, misalignment angle) and output the diluted LSP plus axion abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_3563_nonsequestered_lvs_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Non-sequestered LARGE-volume QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.3563", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented calculation of the QCD-axion misalignment abundance in the non-sequestered LVS modulus cosmology, where early matter domination and entropy injection from the O(10) TeV volume modulus modify the standard Omega_a(f_a, theta) relation depending on the decay timing relative to the QCD transition.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public axion relic solver (e.g. a MiMeS-style misalignment code that already handles non-standard expansion histories) with the modulus-dominated background H(T) and entropy-dilution factor derived from the decay_widths step, scanning f_a, theta_i, and T_d.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_01457_planck_scale_axion_lump_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planck-scale axion fuzzy-lump dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.01457", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the model's three hierarchical ultralight axion species with phenomenological depercolation, i.e. species-dependent redshifts at which a dark-energy-like homogeneous condensate converts into pressureless clustering dark matter, so the multi-component linear matter-power suppression cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend AxiCLASS (or CLASS's scalar-field fluid module) to evolve three axion fluids with independent masses and fractions, each with a time-dependent equation-of-state switch at its depercolation redshift, and output the combined transfer function over the r_H/r_B threshold parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1107_4319_axion_axino_dark_radiation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-axino dark matter with gravitino-sourced dark radiation", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.4319", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver evolves the full PQ sector of this scenario - axion misalignment plus KSVZ/DFSZ axino thermal and freeze-in production, saxion decays to axions/gluons with possible entropy injection, LOSP freeze-out and decay, and gravitino decay to axino plus axion - so the multi-component axion/axino relic density and its consistency with the Delta N_eff prediction cannot be computed end-to-end.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a PQMSSM Boltzmann network (in the style of the mixed axion/neutralino codes of Bae, Baer et al.) with species {axion, axino, saxion, gravitino, LOSP, radiation}, parameterized by f_a, T_R, m_axino, theta_i, saxion branching fractions, and LOSP identity/lifetime, and release it as a standalone module or micrOMEGAs/ULYSSES-style extension.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_0789_post_inflationary_axion_topological_defects_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary axion dark matter from topological defects", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.0789", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public abundance calculator combines misalignment, string, and domain-wall contributions with the temperature-dependent QCD axion mass and the fitted defect-simulation quantities, so the mass-window derivation and its sensitivity to simulation inputs cannot be re-evaluated without reimplementing the paper's formulae.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the misalignment-plus-defect abundance formulae with a modern lattice chi(T) into a small public code (e.g. as an extension of a misalignment calculator like MiMeS), taking the defect spectrum fits from gap_1 outputs as swappable inputs and exposing N_DW and bias-term parameters for the wall-decay constraint overlay.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1707_06418_dfsz_freeze_in_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ freeze-in axino dark matter with bilinear R-parity violation", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.06418", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the DFSZ freeze-in axino phase-space distribution: the channel-specific collision-term Boltzmann integration (2-body, 3-body, 2-to-2 with thermal masses) plus saxion entropy dilution is only implemented in the authors' private code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's reduced collision terms in a public momentum-dependent freeze-in code that outputs f(q) and yield per production channel for given (m_axino, T_R, mu, M_2, f_a) and applies the saxion dilution factor, in a format directly ingestible by CLASS ncdm.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_10139_simp_axion_portal_dark_pions_v1", "model_name": "SIMP dark pions through the axion portal", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10139", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver evolves the dark-pion number density through 3-to-2 WZW freeze-out while simultaneously tracking axion-mediated kinetic equilibrium (dark-sector temperature evolution and energy exchange with the SM bath); standard relic codes like micrOMEGAs/MadDM only treat 2-to-2 freeze-out with a common temperature.", "proposed_resolution": "Write (or extend micrOMEGAs with) a two-temperature coupled Boltzmann module solving dY_pi/dx with the 3-to-2 collision term plus the axion-pion and axion-SM energy-exchange rates, parameterized by (m_pi, m_a, f_pi, f_a, N_c, N_f), and validate against the paper's thermalized-region boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_10743_inflationary_light_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Inflationary light dark photon dark matter", "family": "dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.10743", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear perturbation/transfer-function solver handles a massive vector (dark photon) dark matter field with the paper's inflationary near-scale-invariant transverse-mode initial spectrum; existing fuzzy-DM implementations (axionCAMB-type CLASS/CAMB modifications) treat scalar ULDM with misalignment initial conditions only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS/CAMB ultralight-DM module to evolve massive vector perturbations with the paper's I(phi)-produced mode spectrum as initial conditions, outputting the small-scale transfer suppression and an effective half-mode scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_subdominant_axino_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-dominant axino decay gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function calculation exists for the mixed cold-gravitino plus relativistic decay-produced gravitino population: the card provides no phase-space distribution (distribution_function_available no) and the sub-3-percent warm-fraction bound is inherited from an approximate dark-radiation/warm-component estimate, not from a Boltzmann hierarchy for this two-population gravitino spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced gravitino momentum distribution f(q) from axino -> gravitino + axion (analytic for two-body decay of a frozen thermal axino population), combine it with the cold freeze-in gravitino component, and feed the tabulated mixed distribution to the CLASS ncdm module to compute the mixed cold+warm matter power spectrum as a function of Y_axino/Y_gravitino, m_axino, and tau_axino.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_09658_two_cosine_emergent_dark_energy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-cosine emergent dark-energy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09658", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver evolves an ultralight scalar with a time-dependent effective mass that jumps at trapping (light axion-like phase to heavier trapped phase plus emergent dark energy) in the two-cosine potential; existing fixed-mass modules (axionCAMB, CLASS ULA/fluid implementations) do not cover the trapping transition.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the CLASS scalar-field/fluid module (or axionCAMB) with a background solver for the two-cosine potential and a perturbation sector whose effective sound speed and equation of state switch at z_tr, parameterized by (m, m0, f, c, n, z_tr), validated against the paper's z_tr~5 benchmark and the fixed-mass fuzzy-DM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03309_invisible_qcd_axion_ars_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Invisible QCD axion sector compatible with ARS leptogenesis", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03309", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public ARS leptogenesis kinetic solver includes the PQ-sector interaction rates (axion and radial-mode scattering with the sterile neutrinos via h_N), so the compatibility of the axion sector with the baryon asymmetry rests on leading-rate estimates rather than a density-matrix computation.", "proposed_resolution": "Add h_N-mediated production and scattering rates for the sterile neutrinos (axion and PQ radial-mode channels) to a public ARS density-matrix code (AMIQS-type) and scan (f_a, h_N, m_N) to replace the leading-rate ARS viability condition with a quantitative boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_00984_inflaxion_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflaxion axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.00984", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the kinetically mixed axion-inflaton two-field background equations through inflation, reheating, and onset of oscillations, which is needed to compute the phi_DM displacement and relic abundance beyond the paper's semi-analytic estimates across the (beta, m_a, m_phi, H_inf) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public axion misalignment code such as MiMeS (or write a stiff-ODE two-field solver) to include the derivative kinetic mixing term and the reheaton decay history, validating against the beta positivity interval and the f ~ 1e17 GeV ALP window quoted in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_05790_oscillon_alp_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Oscillon-forming axion-like fuzzy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.05790", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the mixed transfer function of an ultralight fuzzy ALP condensate plus a relativistic ALP population injected at T_decay with the lattice-derived spectrum; the paper instead adapts two-component cold/warm fitting functions with modified r_osc scaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend AxiCLASS (or CLASS with an effective fuzzy-DM fluid) by adding a non-cold ncdm species whose phase-space distribution is sourced at T_decay from the oscillon-decay spectrum, producing exact linear power spectra for the (m, p, M, r_osc, T_decay) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_13581_nonabelian_axion_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian axion-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.13581", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code evolves the non-Abelian axion-inflation system (SU(2) gauge-scalar instability band plus strong backreaction on the m_Q trajectory) to produce the peaked curvature spectrum P_zeta(k); the authors' Julia solver is private, and every downstream quantity (f_PBH, Omega_GW, CMB observables) depends on this spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain release of the authors' Julia solver or reimplement it: solve the coupled axion-inflaton and SU(2) background equations with backreaction, evolve the gauge scalar perturbation modes through the |m_Q|<2 instability band, and validate against the paper's benchmark P_zeta peak.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_14586_bl_pq_inflection_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L inflection-point inflation with axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.14586", "score": 30.6, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable calculator implements the model's analytic chain (misalignment abundance, isocurvature bound, SN1987A check, RG-improved slow-roll observables); all relations exist only as formulas in the paper, so the routes cannot be run automatically over the (F_a, theta_a, H_inf, potential-parameter) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small model-card notebook encoding the paper's abundance and isocurvature relations plus a numerical slow-roll solver for the RG-improved B-L inflection potential (e.g. building on a generic slow-roll package), exposing F_a, theta_a, H_inf, N as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17730_axion_cogenesis_kinetic_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Axion cogenesis via kinetic misalignment without isocurvature", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17730", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver evolves the rotating Planck-scale PQ field from its inflationary initial conditions (Hubble-induced plus Planck-suppressed potential terms) through kinetic misalignment to the axion relic abundance; both the rotation setup (s1) and the Y_PQ-to-Omega_a h^2 integration (s2) are done with private, paper-specific calculations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public misalignment code such as MiMeS (or release a standalone ODE package) to evolve the complex PQ field with a quadratic Hubble-induced potential and conserved-charge kinetic-misalignment tracking, taking (f_a, m_a, H_I, T_R, Hubble-induced mass coefficients) as inputs and returning Y_PQ, Omega_a h^2, and the inflationary phase mass m_theta/H_I; validate against the paper's joint-abundance solutions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_2595_msugra_mixed_axion_axino_v1", "model_name": "mSUGRA mixed axion/axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.2595", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No coupled Boltzmann solver is wired into the route for the full PQ-augmented cosmology: the three-component relic sum uses separate analytic formulas, without simultaneous evolution of axion, thermal/nonthermal axino, saxion, gravitino, and late neutralino-NLSP decay for the T_R = 1e6-1e9 GeV regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or adapt from the coupled-Boltzmann follow-up literature the card cites) a coupled Boltzmann network for axion, axino, saxion, gravitino, and neutralino number densities as a function of T_R, f_a/N, and m_axino, and couple it to the Isajet spectrum output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1005_2215_pqmssm_mixed_axion_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "PQMSSM mixed axion/axino cold dark matter", "family": "mixed_axion_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1005.2215", "score": 30.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable public code assembles the full PQMSSM abundance pipeline for scans: the card notes the paper is formula-rich but no code artifact combines Isajet/IsaReD SUGRA-19 neutralino freeze-out with the analytic misalignment-axion, thermal-axino, and nonthermal-axino contributions into Omega_total h^2.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small scan wrapper that reads Isajet/IsaReD SUGRA-19 output and evaluates the paper's analytic axion misalignment, thermal axino, and mass-ratio-scaled nonthermal axino formulae over (f_a/N, theta_i, m_axino, T_R), applying the WMAP7 abundance and T_R > 10 MeV BBN windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5502_qcd_axion_string_radiation_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter from axionic string radiation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5502", "score": 29, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public semi-analytic string-axion abundance calculator packages the paper's pipeline (spectrum plus xi plus finite-temperature m_a(T) plus dilution factor Delta into Omega_axion h^2 and an f_a bound), even though the route's required_code_resources list one.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a small open-source calculator that takes tabulated (xi, spectrum, m_a(T) fit, Delta, g_*) inputs and returns Omega_axion h^2 with propagated simulation uncertainties, validated by reproducing the paper's Omega proportional to (f_a/1e12 GeV)^1.19 scaling and the f_a <= 3e11 GeV bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11014_companion_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Companion-axion dark matter model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11014", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The required code resource 'custom relic-abundance notebook or equivalent' for the two-axion misalignment calculation (temperature-dependent masses, mixing between a1 and a2, pre-/post-inflationary case switching, isocurvature amplitude) does not exist as a reusable implementation, so the preferred haloscope mass windows cannot be regenerated for other parameter choices.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's two-axion misalignment formulae (mass matrix diagonalization, temperature-dependent QCD-instanton masses, per-state Omega_i h^2, and the Planck beta_iso < 0.011 isocurvature check) as a documented notebook or small package validated against the paper's preferred-window and isocurvature-angle figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_12325_nonminimal_curvaton_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from a non-minimal curvaton scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.12325", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver evolves the non-minimal (axion-like, non-trivial field-metric) curvaton through inflation and its nonlinear post-inflation dynamics and decay to produce the final curvature spectrum P_zeta(k) and its non-Gaussianity; the card notes post-inflation dynamics materially alter the spectrum and lists a curvaton perturbation solver as a required-but-absent resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public multi-field transport code (PyTransport or MultiModeCode) with the non-trivial field metric and axion-like curvaton potential, and couple it to a delta-N/lattice treatment of post-inflationary curvaton oscillation and decay to output P_zeta(k) and f_NL over the field-metric dip parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07943_mixed_axion_adm_higgs_decay_v1", "model_name": "Mixed axion and asymmetric dark matter from Higgs dark matter decay", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07943", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative solar model exists that couples a trapped 5 GeV ADM population in the Sun to axion production and coronal photon emission with 11-year solar-cycle modulation; the claimed cycle-correlated signal cannot be forward-modeled or tested with any public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing solar DM capture-and-transport framework (e.g. the capture/thermalization machinery in DarkSUSY or Asteria-style solar axion emission codes) with an ADM trapping profile and a parametrized cycle-dependent modulation, outputting axion luminosity and photon flux versus solar-cycle phase for comparison with solar irradiance and coronal data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_06560_blue_axion_dark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Blue axion dark-portal decay variant", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.06560", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward model maps a decaying hot/non-cold blue-axion subcomponent (a -> gamma + dark photon) to COB mean intensity and angular power including the small-scale power suppression from the non-cold component; the source analysis pipeline is private and the card's computational_representation is null.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decay-emissivity plus limber angular-power module on top of a CLASS/CAMB non-cold (ncdm) transfer function, parameterized by (m_a, tau_a, hot fraction, temperature), and validate against the published HST 606 nm curves of arXiv:2205.01079.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_13145_kreuzer_skarke_axiverse_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kreuzer-Skarke type IIB axiverse dark matter ensemble", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13145", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's pipeline from Kreuzer-Skarke topological data (up to h^{1,1}=491) to axion mass, decay-constant, and photon-coupling ensembles is not released as a reusable public code, so the ensemble itself cannot be regenerated or varied (e.g. different QED divisor choices) by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Release the CYTools-based sampling scripts that construct kinetic matrices, instanton potentials, and electromagnetic charge vectors from KS database entries, with documented conventions for the QED divisor and mass-eigenstate diagonalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1601_01681_stiff_scalar_field_dm_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Stiff-era scalar field dark matter for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1601.01681", "score": 28.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation of complex, charge-conserving SFDM with a repulsive quartic and an early stiff phase: linear power-spectrum and CMB constraints on (m_s, lambda_s, transition temperatures) were not computed, and public fuzzy/axion-DM modules assume a real oscillating field without the stiff era.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing scalar-field-DM branch of CLASS or axionCAMB with the complex-field background (stiff, radiationlike, and CDM-like phases from the conserved-charge solution) and its perturbations including the lambda_s sound-speed term, then confront the resulting P(k) and CMB spectra with standard likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_00174_two_singlet_pq_ultralight_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-singlet Peccei-Quinn kinetic Nambu-Goldstone ultralight dark matter", "family": "ultralight_axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.00174", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical solver exists for the two-singlet PQ system with kinetic Nambu-Goldstone modes: the coupled homogeneous background plus inhomogeneous heavy/light mode evolution is treated only in an adiabatic analytic approximation, so the ultralight mass window (10^-32 to 10^-14 eV), the a^-3 scaling, and the transfer-function behavior of the modulus dark matter cannot be computed beyond rough estimates or confronted with CMB/large-scale-structure data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled phi_a/phi_d field equations with kinetic angular-momentum terms as a dedicated background-plus-linear-perturbation code (a standalone stiff ODE solver coupled to a modified CLASS/axionCAMB fluid treatment, analogous to existing ultralight-axion solvers), validate against the paper's adiabatic limit, and output the effective equation of state and transfer function across the quoted mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_07878_dfsz_lepto_axiogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric DFSZ lepto-axiogenesis axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.07878", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver exists for rotating-PQ-field cosmology in the supersymmetric DFSZ realization: evolving the PQ rotation with saxion dynamics and thermalization, transferring PQ charge to B-L through the Weinberg operator with DFSZ Higgs-sector-mass-dependent transfer rates, and computing the kinetic-misalignment axion yield Y_a; both routes currently rest on the paper's analytic estimates, so only approximate allowed/excluded bands are reproducible.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a public numerical package that integrates the coupled saxion/axion equations of motion with thermalization rates and the B-L transport equations (Weinberg-operator transfer plus sphaleron redistribution) over (f_a, m_S, T_R, m_susy, N_DW, neutrino masses), outputting Y_B and Omega_a h^2 and validated against the paper's quoted DFSZ allowed regions and the ~30 TeV SUSY-scale lower bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_07878_ksvz_lepto_axiogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric KSVZ lepto-axiogenesis axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.07878", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver exists for rotating-PQ-field cosmology in the supersymmetric KSVZ realization: evolving the PQ rotation with saxion dynamics and thermalization, transferring PQ charge to B-L through the Weinberg operator including the superpartner-scattering contributions to the transfer efficiency, and computing the kinetic-misalignment axion yield Y_a; both routes currently rest on the paper's analytic estimates, so only approximate allowed/excluded bands are reproducible.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a public numerical package that integrates the coupled saxion/axion equations of motion with thermalization rates and the B-L transport equations (Weinberg-operator transfer, sphaleron redistribution, and KSVZ heavy-quark and superpartner scattering rates) over (f_a, m_S, T_R, m_susy, N_DW, neutrino masses), outputting Y_B and Omega_a h^2 and validated against the paper's N_DW-dependent SUSY-scale lower bound and DM+baryogenesis band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_02485_kalb_ramond_like_particle_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kalb-Ramond-like particle dark matter", "family": "kalb_ramond_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.02485", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the massive antisymmetric-tensor KRLP (dark-photon-like, axion-like, and Higgs-portal operators) exists for automated relic computation; the published cross sections must be hand-coded into a freeze-in integrator for every portal choice.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the paper's appendix cross sections (or the dual pseudovector formulation, which fits the FeynRules/CalcHEP pipeline) as a model package for the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module, validated by reproducing the primary relic-density curves for the dark-photon-like and axion-like portals.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_01352_thermal_hadronic_axion_nonstandard_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Thermal hadronic axion in nonstandard cosmologies", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01352", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes thermal axion production (gluon- and photon-coupling rates) through nonstandard pre-BBN expansion histories (low-temperature reheating, early matter domination, kination); the interaction-rate integration exists only as the primary paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's axion interaction rates and modified Hubble/entropy evolution as an open momentum-averaged Boltzmann solver (e.g. a standalone Python module or an extension of a thermal-relic code) parameterized by m_a, f_a, T_end, and w, validated against the paper's LTR/EMD/kination benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1606_00794_inflaton_coupled_ultralight_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-coupled ultralight vector dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1606.00794", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/structure-formation solver handles an ultralight spin-1 condensate with frozen polarization and a nonthermal preheating-derived spectrum; existing fuzzy-DM machinery (axionCAMB/AxiCLASS, Schrodinger-Poisson solvers) is scalar-only, so the transfer function, half-mode scale, and core predictions rest on an unvalidated scalar analogy.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ultralight-axion Boltzmann code (AxiCLASS or axionCAMB) with a vector effective-fluid treatment sourced by the preheating spectrum, and adapt a Schrodinger-Poisson solver to the multi-polarization vector case to test the fuzzy-scalar analogy for cores and P(k) suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_1_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 1 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented relic-abundance and isocurvature calculator is attached to the route for the pre-inflationary misalignment scenario at f_A ~ 2.6e15-3.0e17 GeV, where the abundance requires tuned theta_i ~ 1e-3 to 1e-2 and the H_I < 1e9 GeV isocurvature bound must be evaluated jointly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard pre-inflationary misalignment abundance formula with anharmonic corrections and the Planck isocurvature amplitude as a small (f_A, theta_i, H_I) module, validating against the paper's Model 1 theta_i and H_I windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_13407_explicit_chiral_axion_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Explicit chiral-breaking axion-neutrino misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13407", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements this model's coherent axion-neutrino coupling and the late-transition perturbation source, so the CMB, lensing, BAO, and high-redshift-structure likelihoods cannot be evaluated; existing nu-DM scattering implementations cover a physically different interaction.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a fluid treatment of the coherent axion condensate coupled to the neutrino sector plus an injectable late-time perturbation source term, validate that the zero-transition limit recovers LCDM, and connect to Planck/ACT/SPT/BAO likelihoods via MontePython or Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13407_spontaneous_chiral_axion_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneous chiral-breaking axion-neutrino misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13407", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The transition condition is judged only by vacuum ordering and rough nucleation estimates; no tunneling/nucleation computation for the finite-temperature axion-neutrino cosine potential with dimension-six/eight Higgs-axion operators has been performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply CosmoTransitions (or a comparable bounce solver) to the derived V_eff(a,T) to compute the nucleation temperature and rate across the (M, lambda, g, m_a, f) parameter space, confirming the quoted T ~ 0.1 MeV-0.01 eV transition window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_05511_hybrid_mediation_mixed_axion_wino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid mediation mixed axion-wino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.05511", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver exists for mixed axion-neutralino cosmology with axino and saxion production and decay, late entropy injection, and coherent axion oscillations; the paper cites private-code results from earlier mixed axion-neutralino studies, so the axion completion of the wino relic (the model's defining prediction) cannot be recomputed for the benchmark scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or obtain release of) a coupled-yield solver for the PQ-augmented MSSM in the style of the cited Bae-Baer-type calculations — evolving neutralino, axion (coherent plus thermal), axino, and saxion abundances with decay and entropy terms, parameterized by (f_a, m_axino, m_saxion, T_R, wino annihilation cross section from micrOMEGAs) — and validate it against the wino-fraction range 0.02-0.32 quoted in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_21_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 2.1 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No axion relic-abundance and isocurvature calculator is implemented for this route: the misalignment abundance as a function of f_A, theta_i and the isocurvature amplitude as a function of H_I are currently only cited from the source paper, not computable within the registry pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire an existing public misalignment solver (e.g. a MiMeS-style axion field-evolution code) into the route, parameterized by (f_A, m_A, theta_i, H_I, N_DW), and add the standard analytic isocurvature amplitude formula for the pre-inflationary branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_22_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 2.2 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented relic-abundance and isocurvature calculator is attached to the route covering both the pre- and post-inflationary PQ histories allowed for this domain-wall-safe model across f_A ~ 1.3e7-1.5e13 GeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a (f_A, theta_i, H_I, N_DW) module combining the standard misalignment abundance with the Planck isocurvature bound for the pre-inflationary branch and existing string-decay abundance fits for the post-inflationary branch, validating against the paper's f_A/m_A window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_31_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 3.1 scalar-singlet axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented relic-abundance and isocurvature calculator is attached to the route for the broad singlet-set f_A window with both pre- and post-inflationary PQ-breaking possibilities.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a (f_A, theta_i, H_I, N_DW) misalignment-plus-isocurvature module (with string-decay abundance fits for the post-inflationary branch once gap_1 fixes N_DW), validating against the paper's stated viability condition v_BL below about 1e13 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_32_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 3.2 scalar-singlet plus 10_F axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance and isocurvature pipeline is connected for this model's singlet PQ-breaking history: mapping (f_A, theta_i, H_I, N_DW) to Omega_a h^2 and the CMB isocurvature amplitude is currently only a recast target with no Boltzmann/isocurvature likelihood rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire an existing axion relic calculator (e.g. a MiMeS-style misalignment solver) to the model's f_A/N_DW output, add the standard pre-inflationary isocurvature amplitude formula, and evaluate against the Planck isocurvature likelihood used by the cited SMASH-type analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_06353_cosmological_wetting_transition_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "cosmological wetting transition scalar dark matter", "family": "unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1907.06353", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the two-scalar wetting background and perturbations: the phi-oscillation fluid with its effective sound speed, the chi transition epoch, and the post-transition rolling dark-energy phase are not coded in CLASS or CAMB, so CMB and matter-power predictions (and the claimed CDM-like growth before t_c) cannot be computed or fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in CLASS as a two-field dark sector: an oscillation-averaged effective fluid for phi (mass-dependent sound speed, as in ultralight-axion implementations) switching to a quintessence-like component at the transition, then constrain (T_c, f, M) against Planck plus BAO/growth likelihoods via MontePython or Cobaya.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_11885_nonzero_velocity_axion_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Nonzero-initial-velocity axion misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11885", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public axion relic-abundance solver implements misalignment with nonzero initial field velocity: existing misalignment codes assume dot_theta_i = 0, so the paper's shifted f_a windows cannot be scanned automatically with temperature-dependent m_a(T) and entropy history.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a MiMeS-style misalignment solver (or write a small ODE code) to accept (theta_i, dot_theta_i) initial conditions with QCD-axion and ALP m_a(T), validated against the zero-velocity limit and the primary paper's analytic cases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2012_04618_triple_unification_ultralight_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Triple-unification ultralight scalar dark fluid", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2012.04618", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route contains no perturbation-level step at all: no Boltzmann/perturbation implementation exists for this non-minimally coupled (xi^2 R^2), symmetry-broken ultralight scalar, so the fuzzy-dark-matter small-scale cutoff and halo-scale phenomenology claimed for m ~ 1e-22 eV cannot be computed for this specific model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing ultralight-scalar Boltzmann module (axionCAMB or the CLASS ultralight-axion/SFDM branch) with the symmetry-breaking potential plus constant V0 offset and the non-minimal R^2 coupling, verify the standard fuzzy-DM transfer-function cutoff is recovered in the minimal-coupling limit, and add a background integrator spanning inflationary, oscillatory matter-like, and V0-dominated epochs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_03996_finite_modular_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Finite modular majoron", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.03996", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No integrator exists for the coupled cosmological history of this model: modulus stabilization by the Coleman-Weinberg potential, modulus decay to majorons, misalignment oscillations, and a possible early-matter-dominated era, all of which set both Omega_J and the dark-radiation contribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a background ODE integrator (rho_modulus, majoron field, radiation, with entropy injection at T_D) parameterized by (f_J, m_J, theta_i, T_R, T_D), validating against the paper's viable regions for f_J near 1e16 GeV, and release it as a small standalone package or an AlterBBN/CLASS-compatible module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_15920_long_lived_axion_domain_wall_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived axion domain wall dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.15920", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The 3D biased-domain-wall lattice simulation and its wall-masking/spectrum-extraction pipeline are private (run on UCR HPCC, no release identified), so the relic-abundance fit and axion spectra cannot be reproduced or re-run at other parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the biased N_DW=2 lattice code (a standard CosmoLattice/LatticeEasy-style scalar-field evolver with the biased periodic potential) together with the wall-masking spectrum analysis, validated against the paper's spectral components and relic contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_13821_alp_gravitational_reheating_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle misalignment during gravitational reheating", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13821", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public misalignment code implements the inflaton-dominated gravitational-reheating background (attractor exponent k, gravitational or non-minimally-coupled reheating branch) needed to compute Omega_a h^2 and the coupled Omega_GW(f) spectrum for this ALP scenario; existing misalignment calculators assume standard or generic nonstandard expansion histories without the paper's reheating transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public misalignment solver such as MiMeS (which already supports user-defined cosmologies) with the k-parameterized inflaton-oscillation equation of state and gravitational-reheating temperature evolution, and add a module computing the blue-tilted primordial tensor spectrum through the same background so relic-density and GW contours come from one consistent implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13821_qcd_axion_gravitational_reheating_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion misalignment during gravitational reheating", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13821", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public misalignment code implements the inflaton-dominated gravitational-reheating background (attractor exponent k, gravitational or non-minimally-coupled reheating branch) needed to compute the QCD axion Omega_a h^2 with m_a(T) and the coupled Omega_GW(f) spectrum; existing misalignment calculators assume standard or generic nonstandard expansion histories without the paper's reheating transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public misalignment solver such as MiMeS (which supports user-defined cosmologies and the temperature-dependent QCD topological susceptibility) with the k-parameterized inflaton-oscillation equation of state and gravitational-reheating temperature evolution, plus a module computing the blue-tilted primordial tensor spectrum through the same background, so relic-density and GW contours come from one consistent implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_00443_landscape_susy_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "Landscape SUSY DFSZ mixed axion-neutralino dark matter", "family": "mixed_axion_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.00443", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled Boltzmann network of axion coherent oscillations, thermal axions, saxions, axinos, gravitinos, neutralinos, and radiation that sets the mixed axion-neutralino relic abundance; the paper's eight-equation code and its IsaReD interface are private.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled axion/saxion/axino/gravitino/neutralino Boltzmann system as a public module (or extension of micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY relic machinery), taking MSSM spectra and freeze-out cross sections from IsaReD or micrOMEGAs and the SUSY DFSZ decay widths and thermal production rates from the published mixed axion-WIMP literature, and validate against the paper's f_a sweet-zone contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_01772_adjoint_su5_ksvz_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Adjoint SU(5) KSVZ QCD axion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.01772", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public GUT-threshold solver or released scan data exists for the Adjoint SU(5) spectrum, so the M_GUT-f_a allowed region (and hence the (3-13)e-9 eV axion mass window) cannot be independently regenerated or varied against updated proton-decay and LHC limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-loop gauge-coupling running with Adjoint SU(5) threshold matching (e.g. generate RGEs with PyR@TE or SARAH, or a standalone script following the paper's equations), impose current Super-K/Hyper-K proton-lifetime and LHC colored-multiplet limits, and release the resulting M_GUT-f_a scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10859_nonadiabatic_gravitational_uldm_v1", "model_name": "Non-adiabatically produced gravitational ultra-light scalar dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10859", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the gravitationally produced scalar's infrared-enhanced nonthermal distribution N_k(z = k/sqrt(2 m H_R)); the free-streaming suppression relative to CDM cannot be computed as a matter power spectrum without it.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's N_k as a tabulated psd file in CLASS's ncdm module (or an equivalent CAMB axion/ULDM branch for low-mass variants where wave effects matter), validate against the benchmark lambda_fs of about 70 pc, and release the input files.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_13337_large_extra_dimension_kk_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-extra-dimension Kaluza-Klein axion dark matter with trapped solar modes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13337", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No general public integrator couples a standard solar model (temperature/density profiles) to KK-tower Primakoff, photon-coalescence, and transverse-plasmon production rates; the released KKaxionDensity repository only cross-checks the trapped density, so the production step cannot be rerun or varied over solar-model uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the existing KKaxionDensity code (or a solar-axion package in the style of SolarAxionFlux-type tools) with the KK-tower production kernels for Primakoff, coalescence, and plasmon decay, taking a tabulated solar model as input and emitting per-mode production spectra and trapped fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_11935_vector_wave_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector wave dark matter in the nonrelativistic Schrödinger-Poisson limit", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.11935", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The three-component vector Schroedinger-Poisson solver used for the paper's soliton-merger simulations is not publicly released, so the core nonrelativistic evolution step cannot be rerun, converged, or extended by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or re-implement a 3D multi-component Schroedinger-Poisson solver by extending an existing public scalar fuzzy-DM code (PyUltraLight, AxioNyx, or GAMER) to three equal-mass vector components with spin-density diagnostics, validated against the paper's binary-merger core-mass fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_00999_multi_ultralight_axion_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-ultralight-axion mixed dark matter", "family": "multi_component_ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00999", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements the accurate effective-fluid approximation for multiple ultralight axion species plus a CDM component; the paper's multi-ULA code is not stated to be public, and existing public codes (axionCAMB, AxiCLASS) treat a single ULA only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend AxiCLASS (or axionCAMB) to N axion species with independent masses m_i and fractions Omega_ai using the paper's accurate effective-fluid approximation, validating against the published two-ULA transfer functions and the CDM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_02049_coherent_incoherent_bosonic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Coherent-incoherent self-interacting bosonic dark matter framework", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.02049", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear Boltzmann/perturbation module implements the hybrid two-fluid (condensate plus particle) pressure and self-coupling terms needed to produce the model's matter power spectrum; the hydrodynamic-limit results exist only as paper-level calculations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled condensate and particle fluids with their effective sound speeds and quartic self-coupling g in CLASS (following the axionCAMB/ultralight-axion pattern), parameterized by m, g, and initial condensate fraction, reproducing the related hydrodynamic paper's perturbation examples as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9908515_extra_dimensional_axion_kk_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Extra-dimensional brane axion Kaluza-Klein dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9908515", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves an axion KK tower's production and mass-dependent decays (lifetimes and branching ratios varying across the tower) through the early Universe to output electromagnetic injection histories, relic density, and N_eff; existing decaying-particle cosmology codes handle single species, not towers.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a decaying-particle BBN/injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN-class) to accept a spectrum of species with mass-indexed abundances Y(m) and lifetimes tau(m, Br), integrating over the KK tower parameterized by (n, m, M_*, f_PQ, T_R, Br); validate against the paper's benchmark T_R < 70 MeV and T_R < 350 MeV bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1740_saxion_diluted_gravitino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Saxion-diluted gravitino dark matter with neutralino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter_with_entropy_production", "arxiv": "1008.1740", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No integrated thermal-history solver tracks leptogenesis yield, thermal gravitino production, NLSP freeze-out, and saxion entropy injection consistently; the card lists the leptogenesis efficiency as only approximate and requires a SUSY spectrum calculator link for the NLSP composition dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Boltzmann pipeline coupling a SUSY spectrum calculator (SoftSUSY/SPheno) for NLSP composition and lifetime with a modified-cosmology abundance solver that evolves saxion, radiation, gravitino, NLSP, and baryon-asymmetry comoving densities through the entropy-injection epoch.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00305_plateau_string_axion_ula_dm_v1", "model_name": "Plateau-potential string axion ultralight dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.00305", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/transfer-function code implements the plateau-potential ULA perturbation equations with delayed oscillation and parametric resonance; existing fuzzy-DM modules assume a quadratic potential and cannot produce the resonance-amplified power spectrum near the Jeans scale.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a fuzzy-DM branch of CLASS or axionCAMB with the full V(phi)=(m f)^2 (phi/f)^2/[1+(phi/f)^2]^alpha potential: evolve the background with delayed onset x_osc, add the linear mode equation with the time-dependent effective mass V'' to capture the resonance band, and validate that the standard ULA suppression is recovered as alpha approaches quadratic behavior.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_08272_scalar_condensate_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar condensate freeze-in model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08272", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical implementation exists of the paper's coupled equations for the particle distribution f(k,t) and condensate envelope A(t) with the full set of Markovianized collision operators (including condensate decay, scattering, and stimulated processes); existing freeze-in solvers cannot capture number transfer between the condensate and the particle bath.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's local coupled Boltzmann system as a momentum-binned stiff-ODE solver over (m_phi, m_chi, g, lambda_phi, lambda_chi, initial amplitude), validated against the stated limits: energy conservation without expansion/collisions, pure freeze-in at zero initial amplitude, and pure misalignment at zero portal coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_16087_ksvz_axion_dgt5_q_decay_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axion dark matter with dimension-greater-than-five heavy-quark decays", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.16087", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The coupled solver for heavy colored Q freeze-out, early matter domination, entropy injection from d>5 operator decays, and the resulting modified H(T) feeding the axion misalignment calculation exists only as the authors' custom private integration; no public code reproduces the (m_Q, d, Lambda) to (T_decay^Q, dilution, Omega_a h^2) pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Q-sector Boltzmann system (strong-annihilation freeze-out, matter domination, d>5 decay width in terms of Lambda and m_Q) as an open cosmology module and couple its H(T) and entropy history to a public misalignment solver such as MiMeS, validating against the paper's benchmarks (theta_i = 0.5 and pi/3) and the recovery of the standard misalignment bound when Q never dominates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_17710_pq_inflation_axion_kinetic_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "PQ-inflation QCD axion kinetic-misalignment model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.17710", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code exists for the coupled radial-saxion/angular-axion background evolution of this PQ-inflation model through reheating, including inflaton decays and scattering into heavy quarks, Higgses, and axions and tracking of the Noether PQ charge; the paper's numerical solution is private, so T_reh, Y_theta, and Delta N_eff cannot be recomputed across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a public background-evolution module (an ODE solver for the Einstein-frame PQ field with the pole-inflation potential, PQ-violating rotation source, and perturbative decay/scattering reheating rates) that outputs T_reh, Y_theta, and the axion dark-radiation abundance as functions of f_a, dot_theta_end, and the PQ-violating coefficients, following the kinetic-misalignment formalism of the cited literature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_axino_lsp_axion_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB axino-LSP mixed axion/axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the thermally produced axino relic abundance as a function of f_a/N, m_axino, and T_R for the AMSB spectra considered; the paper relies on benchmark curves, so scanning the mixed axion/axino parameter space cannot currently be automated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the published hard-thermal-loop axino production rates from QCD scatterings as a small standalone module (or a micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY extension) taking (f_a/N, m_axino, T_R) plus the Isajet-generated AMSB spectrum, and validate against the paper's T_R versus m_axino benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02116_ultralight_axion_instanton_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight axion fuzzy dark matter with instanton potential and temperature-dependent mass", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02116", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver (axionCAMB or CLASS-based ULA code) implements the temperature-dependent axion mass m_a(T) with power-law index n and the anharmonic cosine-potential corrections, so CMB spectra, isocurvature transfer, and the modified matter-power cutoff for this model cannot be computed; the paper explicitly leaves the axionCAMB study out of scope.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend axionCAMB (or the CLASS ULA implementation) with a parameterized m_a(T) = m_a (T_osc/T)^n turn-on and anharmonicity-corrected effective fluid initial conditions from the paper's misalignment solution, validated against the analytic delayed-oscillation suppression scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_08820_emergent_strong_cp_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Emergent strong-CP vector dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.08820", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann/transfer-function code covers ultralight spin-1 dark matter near the fuzzy limit with polarization (spin-density) degrees of freedom; existing fuzzy-DM solvers target scalar fields.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an AxiCLASS/axionCAMB-style fuzzy-DM module to a massive vector field, including the three polarization states, and validate the small-scale suppression scale against the scalar fuzzy-DM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2102_05680_axion_pbh_dressed_minihalos_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with subdominant dressed primordial black holes", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.05680", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No neutron-star magnetosphere ray-tracing/plasma code is attached to predict the transient radio-line flux, bandwidth, and directionality from axion-photon conversion during a minihalo crossing; the analytic conversion formulae carry order-of-magnitude plasma uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing axion-photon ray-tracing framework for neutron-star magnetospheres (of the kind used for axion radio-line searches) to time-dependent minihalo-crossing density profiles, with anisotropic Goldreich-Julian plasma and refraction included, outputting S_nu(t) and line shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_11822_alp_photon_dark_photon_depletion_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with photon-dark-photon gauge-field depletion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.11822", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The model-specific lattice code evolving the coupled ALP-photon-dark-photon system with the mixed (g_AX/2f) phi F Xtilde coupling is private; no public repository exists, so the relic-depletion and magnetogenesis results cannot be reproduced or scanned beyond the published benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or re-implement the coupled axion-gauge lattice solver (e.g. as an extension of LATTICEEASY or CosmoLattice adding U(1) x U(1)_dark gauge fields with the three topological couplings), validated against the paper's f ~ 10^15 GeV homogeneous benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_10524_interacting_scalar_field_dm_v1", "model_name": "Interacting scalar-field dark matter with quintessence dark energy", "family": "interacting_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.10524", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public CLASS or CAMB implementation exists of the conformally coupled scalar-fluid system, i.e. the time-averaged dark-matter fluid with time-varying w_DM(z), scale-dependent effective sound speed c_eff^2(k,z), non-adiabatic pressure perturbations, and coupled quintessence perturbations delta phi; without it CMB spectra and the matter power spectrum cannot be computed for data comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's averaged background equations and coupled perturbation equations as a CLASS fork (new interacting-fluid species with tabulated w_DM(z), c_eff^2(k,z), and coupling source terms Q_0, Q_1), validating against the uncoupled fuzzy-DM limit when the conformal coupling is switched off; then attach standard Planck/BAO/weak-lensing likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1410_6218_three_higgs_flavored_pq_invisible_axion_v1", "model_name": "Three-Higgs flavored Peccei-Quinn invisible axion model", "family": "invisible_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.6218", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance calculation exists for the 3HFPQ axion class: the misalignment/domain-wall contribution as a function of v_PQ, N_DW, and the PQ-breaking epoch is not implemented, so whether a given charge assignment yields the full dark matter density cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard misalignment relic-density formulae (e.g. with a MiMeS-style axion cosmology code) parameterized by (m_a, v_PQ, N_DW, pre- vs post-inflationary PQ breaking), applying published string-wall simulation calibrations for the post-inflationary N_DW = 1 variants.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_05096_light_vector_neutrino_scattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light vector dark matter with neutrino contact scattering", "family": "neutrino_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.05096", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical Boltzmann solver treats thermalization of the misalignment-produced vector condensate and distortion of the neutrino distribution via the dimension-seven neutrino-vector operator in a low-reheating (T_R ~ 5 MeV) cosmology, so the BBN/CMB constraint rests on single-scattering rate estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the coupled momentum-space Boltzmann equations for the nu-X system in a low-reheating background, extending the low-T_R neutrino thermalization framework of arXiv:1411.6005 with the s^2-scaling collision term, and map the result onto N_eff and BBN abundances.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_04322_nonminimal_ultralight_axion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled ultra-light axion cold dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.04322", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Einstein-Boltzmann code includes the xi R phi^2 non-minimal coupling for an ultralight axion: the paper's custom recast is not packaged, and existing ULA solvers lack the non-minimal background and perturbation terms, so P(k), Phi(k,a), and the dark-radiation fraction cannot be regenerated across (xi, m_phi, initial-condition) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend AxiCLASS (or CLASS's scalar-field module) with the non-minimally coupled background and linear perturbation equations, including a WKB/effective-fluid switch in the rapid-oscillation regime and support for adiabatic, isocurvature, and mixed initial conditions; validate by recovering the xi=0 ULA limit and reproducing the primary paper's power spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_06893_dark_inflaxion_v1", "model_name": "Dark inflaxion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06893", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented solver evolves the coupled a0 field, decaying a1 inflaton, and radiation densities through reheating for this model; the a0 relic abundance depends on the model-linked initial conditions and the g_a-dependent expansion history, so generic single-ALP misalignment calculators do not apply directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's background equations as a small ODE system (a0, a1, radiation with a1 -> photons decay at rate set by g_a), scanning (M_c, m_phi, g_a, initial displacements) and validating against the paper's abundance curves and the 59-61 e-fold benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09730_natural_amsb_higgsino_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Natural AMSB higgsino-axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09730", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled-Boltzmann solver covers the SUSY DFSZ axion/axino/saxion/neutralino/gravitino system needed to compute the full mixed dark-matter abundance; the eight coupled equations the paper identifies were never run for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the eight coupled Boltzmann equations (WIMP, axion, axino, saxion, radiation, gravitino) of the Bae-Baer-Lessa-style mixed axion-neutralino cosmology as a public module interfaced to IsaReD/Isajet spectra, parameterized by PQ scale f_a, axino and saxion masses, and reheating temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_06071_qcd_axion_hilltop_phase_shift_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hilltop dark matter from heavy-axion phase shift", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.06071", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical calculator covers hilltop QCD-axion misalignment with the phase-shift initial condition: the abundance for theta_i near pi requires solving the axion field equation with the full anharmonic (log-divergent) enhancement and the temperature-dependent QCD axion mass, which the card handles only via the paper's analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing misalignment solver (e.g. a public axion relic code solving the field equation with the dilute-instanton-gas or lattice-QCD chi(T)) to hilltop initial conditions theta_i -> pi, including the heavy-axion phase-shift mapping from inflationary parameters to theta_i, and validate against the paper's Omega h^2 = 0.12 at f_a ~ 3e9 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_05376_fuzzy_dark_fluid_unified_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark fluid unified scalar", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.05376", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the unified dark fluid's background and linear perturbations with the Mexican-hat potential and non-minimal R^2 gravitational coupling, so CMB/LSS observables can only be compared through quoted summary bounds rather than computed spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the CLASS scalar-field/quintessence sector (or the AxiCLASS ultralight-axion module) with the model's Mexican-hat potential, V0 term, and non-minimal R^2 coupling, including field perturbations through the oscillatory regime via an effective-fluid treatment, then attach the standard Planck and LSS likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_01631_axi_higgs_ultralight_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axi-Higgs ultralight axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.01631", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann-solver implementation couples the rolling ultralight axion to a time-dependent Higgs VEV shift Delta v(z): existing varying-electron-mass CLASS/CAMB modifications treat the shift as constant through recombination, and ultralight-axion codes (e.g. axionCAMB-style) do not include the Higgs coupling, so the correlated early/late effects central to this model cannot be forward-modeled.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS (or CAMB) by adding the axi-Higgs scalar field to the background and perturbation equations, feeding its Delta v(z) into a modified recombination module (HyRec/RecFast with electron-mass rescaling) so the sound horizon, damping scale, and scale-dependent growth are computed consistently from (m_a, C, a_initial).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_12154_qcd_axion_hybrid_inflation_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hybrid-inflation dark matter", "family": "axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12154", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the two-axion hybrid-inflation dynamics (background trajectory through the waterfall and the coupled curvature/isocurvature perturbations), including the prolonged-waterfall regime where superhorizon evolution matters; this blocks both the dynamically fixed theta_i and the CMB spectral-index bands.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-axion potential (multi-natural inflation plus V_QCD(a - r_mix phi)) in a multi-field transport code such as PyTransport or MultiModeCode, extending it to track the waterfall instability; validate by reproducing the paper's figure-level f_phi > ~2.1e7 GeV and f_a > ~7.5e7 GeV CMB-compatible bands and the single-field low-n_s limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1505_00306_supersymmetric_stronger_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric axion dark matter with early stronger QCD", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.00306", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical solver evolves the axion zero mode and its fluctuation delta_theta through the intermediate stronger-QCD epoch with a time-dependent axion mass m_a(t) and evolving f_a; the isocurvature suppression factor rests on analytic order-of-magnitude estimates only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a standard misalignment/axion-cosmology solver to integrate the mode equations for theta and delta_theta with a parameterized stronger-QCD mass history m_a(Lambda_QCD_early(t)), the intermediate transition time, and the f_a(t_I) to f_a(t_0) relaxation, outputting the damping factor and Omega_a over the (H_tI, f_a_t0, Lambda_QCD_early) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1103_5413_pqmssm_mixed_axion_neutralino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "PQ-augmented MSSM mixed axion/neutralino cold dark matter", "family": "multi_component_axion_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1103.5413", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public coupled Boltzmann solver exists for the PQMSSM mixed-CDM abundance calculation: simultaneous evolution of axino, saxion, gravitino, and neutralino yields with late decays, neutralino re-annihilation, entropy dilution, and dark-radiation production. The published treatments (the paper's algorithm and the follow-up coupled-equation work) rely on private code layered on Isajet/IsaReD.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled Boltzmann network of the mixed axion/neutralino papers (yields, decay temperatures T_D and T_e, entropy injection, re-annihilation condition, Delta N_eff from saxion -> aa) as a public module that takes Isajet/IsaReD or micrOMEGAs neutralino spectra and annihilation rates as input and scans over f_a/N, T_R, m_axino, theta_i, and saxion branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_00436_asymmetric_bose_gas_light_bec_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light asymmetric Bose gas dark matter with present-day condensate", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.00436", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/linear-perturbation implementation exists for a conserved-charge complex-scalar Bose gas with a present-day condensate: existing ultralight-scalar modules (axionCAMB, CLASS fuzzy-DM extensions) assume a real, charge-symmetric field without chemical potential, so the model's linear matter power suppression cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS ultralight-scalar/fluid module with the condensate-plus-thermal two-component equations of state and sound speeds derived from the paper's Bose-Einstein distributions (chemical potential and condensed fraction as extra parameters), outputting transfer functions over the sub-eV mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_09836_curvature_coupled_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-coupled massive vector dark matter", "family": "curvature_coupled_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09836", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No inflationary mode solver exists for the non-minimally curvature-coupled massive vector: transverse and longitudinal polarization spectra as functions of (m_X, xi_vector, H_I, N_tot, reheating history) are unavailable, which cuts off every downstream quantity (isocurvature power, small-scale density contrast, induced-GW source).", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a numerical solver for the transverse and longitudinal vector mode equations on a parameterized inflation-plus-reheating background (extending existing dark-photon inflationary-production codes to nonzero xi_vector), validated against the minimally coupled vector misalignment limit and the paper's scalar-like identification for the homogeneous mode.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_10739_electroweak_symmetric_dark_matter_ball_v1", "model_name": "Electroweak symmetric dark matter ball", "family": "macroscopic_higgs_portal_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.10739", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for finite-charge non-topological soliton solutions of a complex Higgs-portal scalar with an electroweak-symmetric interior (coupled phi and Higgs profiles), which is needed to map (lambda_hphi, lambda_phi, mu_phi, Q) to M_DMB, R_DMB, and energy per charge.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a shooting/relaxation ODE solver for the coupled scalar-Higgs bounce-like profile equations at fixed charge Q (a straightforward extension of standard Q-ball profile solvers), validate against the primary paper's numerical soliton profiles, and release it with an interpolation table over the coupling space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_13233_type_ii_seesaw_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II seesaw electroweak-mass axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.13233", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No oscillation code implements the ALP-neutrino matter potential lambda_a_nu of this type-II seesaw model in dense ALP backgrounds, and no standardized dense-ALP environment (axion-star density profile) module exists to feed it, so the smoking-gun oscillation signature can only be reproduced as the paper's single benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend nuSQuIDS or GLoBES with an ALP-induced flavor-dependent matter potential proportional to the neutrino mass matrix and triplet mixing, coupled to a parameterized axion-star/local-ALP-density profile, scanning (lambda_a_nu, m_a, f_a, local ALP density).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_07114_multifield_ultralight_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multifield ultralight dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.07114", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/transfer-function code computes linear power spectra for general N-field ULA mixtures with arbitrary masses m_i and fractions f_i; existing ULA solvers handle one (or few) axion species and are benchmarked on the single-field case.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend axionCAMB or AxiCLASS to loop over N ULA species with independent (m_i, f_i), using the effective-fluid oscillation-averaged treatment per field, and verify the single-field transfer function is recovered at N=1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_04678_heavy_qcd_axion_level_crossing_v1", "model_name": "Heavy QCD axion dark matter from sterile-axion avoided level crossing", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.04678", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public two-field axion background solver exists for the sterile-QCD axion avoided level crossing: the coupled oscillation equations with the temperature-dependent QCD axion mass must be solved numerically to cover nonadiabatic transitions and to scan (m_sterile, mixing angle, theta_S,0) beyond the paper's adiabatic analytic scaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled two-axion equations of motion with the lattice-QCD chi(T) susceptibility (extending a MiMeS-style single-axion misalignment solver to a two-field mass matrix), validated against the no-transfer limit at zero mixing and the adiabatic near-total-transfer regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_06441_qcd_axion_curvature_pq_breaking_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with curvature-induced PQ breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.06441", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public numerical solver exists for the curvature-modified axion misalignment evolution: the coupled evolution of the axion in the time-dependent Hubble-induced mass plus temperature-dependent QCD potential (adiabatic relaxation) needed to obtain Omega_a h^2 and the surviving isocurvature amplitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an ODE integrator for the axion field with the paper's curvature-induced mass term and a lattice-QCD topological-susceptibility fit (Borsanyi et al. style chi(T)), and validate by recovering the paper's viable (f_a, theta_I) regions including the GUT-scale f_a ~ 1e16 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503057_axion_trapping_cosmic_string_wakes_v1", "model_name": "Axion trapping by cosmic string wakes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503057", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable semi-analytic code implements the cosmic-string wake evolution through a first-order QCD transition (straight and wiggly strings) together with the axion trapping/release density profile, so the sheet-like isocurvature prediction cannot be regenerated or scanned over string velocity, wake overdensity, and QCD parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's semi-analytic wake and interface-collapse model as a small standalone code taking (string tension/velocity, wake dimensions, T_QCD, axion 1/k^2 spectrum) as inputs and outputting the released sheet density profile, validating against the paper's straight-string numbers.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_08231_qcd_axion_stochastic_window_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with quasi-flat stochastic inflationary misalignment", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.08231", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stochastic-inflation Fokker-Planck solver evolves the QCD axion misalignment-angle probability distribution through a realistic finite-duration inflation with time-dependent H(N), which is the central ingredient replacing the equilibrium stochastic-window assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a Fokker-Planck / Langevin lattice solver for a spectator axion in stochastic inflation, parameterized by f_a, the inflationary potential (or H(N) trajectory), and inflation duration, validated against the constant-H equilibrium limit and the paper's quasi-flat regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_07176_qcd_axion_early_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with early matter domination", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07176", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public relic-abundance solver computes QCD axion misalignment plus string/domain-wall production through an early matter-dominated expansion history with entropy injection; the card's EMDE Boltzmann/relic calculation exists only as the paper's private solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing axion relic-abundance code (e.g. the misalignment module used in public axion codes such as AxionNet-style solvers or a lightweight standalone ODE code) with a coupled matter-radiation-decay background (rho_M, rho_R, T_R as parameters) so Omega_a(f_a, theta_i, T_R) can be evaluated on a grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_09836_curvature_coupled_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-coupled (pseudo-)scalar dark matter", "family": "curvature_coupled_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09836", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public inflationary mode-function solver exists for a spectator scalar with a non-minimal xi R phi^2 coupling: the superhorizon evolution, stochastic distribution, and resulting density-fluctuation spectrum P_delta_phi(k) as functions of (m_phi, xi, phi_e, H_I, N_tot, reheating history) must currently be assembled by hand from the paper's analytic approximations.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a numerical spectator-field mode solver (Bunch-Davies initialized mode functions evolved through a parameterized inflation-to-reheating background), parameterized by (m_phi, xi, H_I, N_tot, reheating model), validated against the minimal misalignment xi=0 limit and the paper's de Sitter analytics, and including a field-excursion check for negative xi.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_extended_e_i_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion extended model E_I with vectorlike matter and mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No tool on the card treats the coupled saxion/axino/axion/neutralino cosmology: saxion and axino decays can inject entropy, dilute or augment both relic components, and produce dark-radiation axions constrained by Delta N_eff, but the route computes the axion and neutralino abundances independently with a simple two-component sum.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a micrOMEGAs-style relic pipeline with a coupled Boltzmann solver tracking neutralino, axion (misalignment plus thermal), saxion, and axino energy densities with their decay widths and entropy injection, parameterized by f_A, saxion/axino masses, and the reheating temperature, validated against the mu=250 GeV benchmark fraction of about 0.058.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_02122_kalb_ramond_gravitational_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kalb-Ramond gravitational axion dark matter from heavy sterile fermions", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.02122", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The vacuum-lifetime condition on f_b/m_N relies on a rough analytic bounce estimate in the source appendix; no numerical implementation of the dimension-six-truncated KR one-loop potential in a bounce solver exists to map the metastability boundary across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the one-loop KR-axion effective potential in CosmoTransitions (or FindBounce) and compute the bounce action as a function of f_b/m_N and the string mass scale, validating against the source's long-lifetime limit for f_b >> m_N.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_03145_qcd_axion_mediated_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion-mediated Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.03145", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/entropy-history solver implements the coupled QCD-axion-mediated dark sector: freeze-out into axions, freeze-in from SM collisions, and freeze-in from axion annihilations with T_RH-dependent thermalization hierarchies must currently be pieced together from the paper's regime-by-regime analytic formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a hidden-sector-capable relic code (e.g. the micrOMEGAs hidden-sector module or a DRAKE-style two-temperature solver) with the axion-mediated collision terms and separated-sector entropy tracking, outputting Omega_chi h^2 and Delta N_eff continuously across the freeze-out/freeze-in boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_10805_ulap_oscillon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ULAP oscillon dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.10805", "score": 20.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/transfer-function solver handles a mixed dark-matter component of dense oscillons plus a homogeneous ultralight field; existing fuzzy-DM solvers (axionCAMB-type) assume a purely homogeneous wave-like component, so the modified small-scale power spectrum cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend axionCAMB (or CLASS with an ultralight-axion module) with an oscillon component modeled as a cold clumpy species with an initial isocurvature/Poisson power contribution parameterized by the lattice-derived oscillon mass function and energy fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_02080_axiogenesis_rotating_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Axiogenesis rotating QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.02080", "score": 20.1, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public numerical solver exists for the rotating PQ-field cosmology of this model: initiation of rotation by the P^n/M^(n-4) operator, thermal friction/damping of the radial mode, PQ-charge depletion after the electroweak epoch, and delayed axion trapping at the QCD transition are only captured by the paper's analytic scalings.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a numerical equation-of-motion solver for the complex PQ field with thermal potential and friction terms, evolving charge density from rotation onset through weak sphaleron freeze-out and QCD trapping, and validate against the paper's overproduction factor of about 140 at f_a = 1e8 GeV, T_ws = 130 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_darkly_charged_mirror_relics_v1", "model_name": "Darkly charged mirror-sector relics in a visible heavy QCD axion model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No multi-component hidden-sector relic calculator exists for the mirror pi'/e'/p' system, which requires coupled Boltzmann evolution with a mirror-sector temperature ratio, axion-mediated thermal contact and decoupling, and mirror QCD confinement rearranging abundances after heavy-quark freeze-out.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a hidden-sector Boltzmann code (micrOMEGAs hidden-sector mode or a DRAKE-style solver) with two-temperature evolution and a confinement-epoch abundance rearrangement module, parameterized by Lambda_QCD', v_EW', alpha_QED', and the temperature ratio.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_05437_faser_fermionic_dark_sector_cascade_v1", "model_name": "FASER fermionic dark-sector cascade model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05437", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forward-detector simulation covers this model's full chain: gluon-portal X-prime production in the ATLAS forward line, the X-prime to dark-sector cascade, propagation of long-lived X to 480 m, and FASER acceptance/efficiency for displaced multi-lepton pairs plus missing momentum, so event yields and an event-count likelihood cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public FORESEE forward-physics package with the gluon-coupled axion-like X-prime production mode and the X-prime -> X -> Y + eta-like cascade decay chain, attach FASER Run III geometry and efficiency maps, and wrap the resulting signal yields in a Poisson event-count likelihood with the paper's background assumptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_05437_faser_scalar_dark_sector_cascade_v1", "model_name": "FASER scalar dark-sector cascade model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05437", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forward-detector simulation covers the scalar cascade chain: gluon-portal X-prime production at the ATLAS IP, the X-prime to scalar dark-sector cascade, long-lived scalar X propagation to 480 m, and FASER acceptance/efficiency for displaced multi-lepton pairs plus missing momentum, so event yields and an event-count likelihood cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public FORESEE forward-physics package with the gluon-coupled axion-like X-prime production mode and the scalar X -> Y + eta-like cascade with its branching ratios, attach FASER Run III geometry and efficiency maps, and wrap the yields in a Poisson event-count likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_10504_dark_confining_axiverse_heavy_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-confining axiverse heavy axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.10504", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the coupled dark-glueball/radiation/axion system in which long-lived dark glueballs drive an early matter-dominated era whose entropy release dilutes the misalignment abundance of the keV-MeV heavy axion; the abundance is currently obtained only from rough analytic dilution estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Write an ODE integrator (or extend an existing early-matter-domination relic code) for the coupled glueball, radiation, and coherent-axion energy densities, parameterized by (Lambda_D, f_a, theta_i, glueball lifetime), returning diluted Omega_a h^2 and T_RH, and validate against the paper's overproduction-without-dilution limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_09245_qcd_axion_alp_pq_breaking_mixing_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion-ALP mass mixing with explicit PQ symmetry breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.09245", "score": 19.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves the coupled QCD-axion/ALP system with temperature-dependent mass mixing and an explicit PQ-breaking potential through level crossing, so eigenvalue evolution, adiabaticity, and the final Omega_a and Omega_A abundances all rest on the authors' private numerics.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public misalignment solver such as MiMeS (or write a standalone coupled-EOM integrator) to two axion fields with the V_mix + V_PQ potential, using published lattice chi(T) for the QCD axion mass, tracking adiabatic versus non-adiabatic eigenstate transfer, and validate against the paper's R_m regions and abundance-suppression benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0801_4108_flaxino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Flaxino dark matter with stau NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.4108", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical relic-abundance implementation exists for the flaxino: thermal production after thermal inflation plus nonthermal stau-decay contributions, including flaton-sector entropy release and branching to axions, are only covered by the primary paper's approximate analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the flaxino production Boltzmann equations (axino-like thermal scattering rates rescaled by F_a plus frozen-out stau decay injection) in a micrOMEGAs- or DarkSUSY-style relic module extended with the thermal-inflation reheating and entropy-dilution history, validated against the primary paper's benchmark abundance estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_3753_nonminimally_coupled_bec_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled relativistic BEC dark matter", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.3753", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No self-consistent halo-profile solver exists for the non-minimally coupled relativistic BEC: the primary calculation perturbs a fixed NFW input with the L^2 G_mu_nu derivative coupling instead of solving the coupled condensate (Gross-Pitaevskii/Madelung) plus modified Poisson system with a condensation criterion, so the claimed critical L = r_s/6 core behavior is unverified.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing scalar-field-dark-matter halo solver (a Schrodinger-Poisson/Gross-Pitaevskii code of the PyUltraLight class) with the Einstein-tensor derivative-coupling term in the Newtonian limit and a density-triggered condensation criterion, and solve for equilibrium profiles as a function of L, m, and self-coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_axion_curvaton_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-curvaton primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No second-order induced-GW integrator is bundled for this model, and the axion-curvaton case is non-standard: the scalar perturbations source tensors around curvaton decay rather than at horizon reentry in radiation domination, so public radiation-era induced-GW kernels (SIGWfast-class codes) do not directly apply.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the induced-GW transfer kernel for curvaton-decay-era sourcing (delayed sourcing between curvaton oscillation and decay) and implement it as an extension of a public second-order induced-GW integrator such as SIGWfast, taking the model's blue curvaton P_R(k) and decay epoch as inputs and returning Omega_SGW(f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_09389_reheating_induced_inflaxion_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheating-induced inflaxion axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.09389", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves the kinetically mixed axion-inflaton system through low-scale reheating with a temperature-suppressed axion potential, so the reheating-induced displacement (the input to the abundance formula) can only be estimated with the paper's analytic approximations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public misalignment code with temperature-dependent mass support (e.g. MiMeS) or write a scipy-based two-field background ODE module that adds the dimension-four kinetic mixing kappa and the reheaton decay width, outputting the axion displacement and T_osc over the (kappa, f, m_a0, T_max) hierarchy.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_09299_axion_kination_kinetic_misalignment_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion kination dark matter from kinetic misalignment", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.09299", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified CLASS version implementing the early matter and kination expansion eras (used with MontePython in the paper) is not public, and no released Boltzmann code supports this axion-rotation expansion history, so CMB/BBN allowed regions cannot be independently recomputed or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a CLASS patch that parameterizes the background with (T_MK, T_KR, Delta N_eff) for a rotating-axion fluid, couple it to MontePython/Cobaya with Planck and BAO likelihoods, and add a BBN module (e.g. via PArthENoPE or PRIMAT tables) for the light-element consistency check.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_02025_charged_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Charged scalar field dark matter with dark photon", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02025", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver module implements linear perturbations of a charged complex scalar field with dark U(1) coupling; existing CLASS/axionCAMB fuzzy-DM implementations cover only the neutral real-field case, so the model-specific transfer function cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing CLASS scalar-field-DM branch (or axionCAMB) with the paper's covariant complex-field perturbation equations including the dark U(1) gauge sector, and validate against the neutral-SFDM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1402_6523_susy_pq_dirac_neutrino_axion_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Peccei-Quinn Dirac-neutrino axion-axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1402.6523", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined axion-plus-axino relic density and Delta N_eff are computed only with approximate branch-dependent analytic formulae; no numerical Boltzmann implementation of the flaton/thermal-inflation cosmology (flaton decay, entropy release, axino production from flaton and neutralino decays) exists to map the narrow viable window precisely.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled background equations (flaton oscillation and decay, radiation, axino and RH-sneutrino number densities) as a numerical evolution code, validating against the paper's analytic branch formulae, and update the Delta N_eff prediction against Planck 2018 posteriors.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08188_one_hz_alp_two_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-axion 1 Hz ALP dark matter with low-scale inflation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08188", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented forward model evolves the coupled two-axion system (1 Hz ALP plus QCD axion) through low-scale inflation and reheating to compute Omega_a h^2 from (m_a, f_a, f_QCD, H_inf, misalignment angles); the card's only route is a placeholder data transform with no relic-abundance step.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a coupled background ODE solver for the two-axion potential with mixing during and after ultra-low-scale inflation (a small standalone Python/Mathematica code, or an extension of existing axion misalignment codes such as the MiMeS misalignment solver) parameterized by H_inf, e-fold count, and the two decay constants.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_i_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_I with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled-Boltzmann code tracks the saxion/axino decay history, entropy injection, and Delta N_eff from axion dark radiation for the SUSY DFSZ B_I setup; the card's caveats note this cosmology can modify the simple axion-plus-neutralino abundance accounting, but the mixed-abundance calculation used in the literature is not publicly released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or obtain and release) a coupled Boltzmann network evolving axion, neutralino, saxion, and axino energy densities with their decay widths and entropy dilution, interfaced with a micrOMEGAs-class relic calculation, and validate it against the paper's mu=250 GeV benchmark (Omega_LSP/Omega_DM about 0.058) and the variant f_A window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_ii_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_II with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled-Boltzmann code tracks the saxion/axino decay history, entropy injection, and Delta N_eff from axion dark radiation for the SUSY DFSZ B_II setup; the card's caveats note this cosmology can modify the simple axion-plus-neutralino abundance accounting, but the mixed-abundance calculation used in the literature is not publicly released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or obtain and release) a coupled Boltzmann network evolving axion, neutralino, saxion, and axino energy densities with their decay widths and entropy dilution, interfaced with a micrOMEGAs-class relic calculation, and validate it against the paper's mu=250 GeV benchmark (Omega_LSP/Omega_DM about 0.058) and the variant f_A window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_iii_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_III with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled-Boltzmann code tracks the saxion/axino decay history, entropy injection, and Delta N_eff from axion dark radiation for the SUSY DFSZ B_III setup; the card's caveats note this cosmology can modify the simple axion-plus-neutralino abundance accounting, but the mixed-abundance calculation used in the literature is not publicly released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or obtain and release) a coupled Boltzmann network evolving axion, neutralino, saxion, and axino energy densities with their decay widths and entropy dilution, interfaced with a micrOMEGAs-class relic calculation, and validate it against the paper's mu=250 GeV benchmark (Omega_LSP/Omega_DM about 0.058) and the variant f_A window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 9, "rank_structure_formation": 6}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Other / unclassified", "n_gaps": 140, "n_models": 139, "weight": 3576.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 45, "weight_structure_formation": 1181.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 70, "blocks_key_observables": 54, "minor": 15, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 42, "medium": 93, "large": 5}, "members": [{"model_id": "2303_15513_resonantly_produced_sterile_neutrino_n1_v1", "model_name": "Line-motivated resonantly produced sterile neutrino N1 dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.15513", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No unified public X-ray likelihood exists for the 7.1 keV benchmark that jointly treats the reported 3.55 keV detections (clusters, M31, Milky Way) and the strongest non-detection limits with consistent instrument responses and halo D-factors; the card records a disputed constraint landscape with only partial likelihood availability.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint spectral likelihood over the archival XMM/Chandra/Hitomi datasets (and XRISM velocity-resolved spectra as they arrive) with shared nuisance parameters for halo profiles and instrumental lines, released as an XSPEC/3ML-compatible module returning constraints in the (m_s, sin^2 2theta) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_01347_axi_higgs_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Axi-Higgs ultralight axion cosmology", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.01347", "score": 39, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists that confronts the axi-Higgs late-time Higgs-VEV relaxation history v(t)/v0, parameterized by (m_a, C, initial displacement), with atomic-clock frequency-ratio drift limits and quasar absorption-line constraints on electron-mass variation; the primary paper flags this channel as future testability without extracting any quantitative bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile published clock frequency-ratio drift limits (e.g. Yb/Cs, Al+/Hg+) and quasar mu = m_p/m_e variation measurements into a redshift-binned likelihood on Delta m_e/m_e(z), and evaluate it on the oscillating-plus-relaxing v(t) trajectory output by the axi-Higgs background solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_11902_ad_lball_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine L-ball resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter scenario", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.11902", "score": 39.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray line constraints on (m_s, sin^2 2theta) are only discussed qualitatively; no digitized exclusion contours or packaged flux likelihood accompany the card, so the viable-region claim cannot be re-evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the current combined X-ray limits (NuSTAR/Chandra/XMM blank-sky and M31 stacks) into a mass-mixing exclusion table and package it as a likelihood keyed to the model's decay rate, rescaled by the resonantly produced abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_06876_composite_adm_dark_photon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Composite asymmetric dark matter with a dark photon portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06876", "score": 38.25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the Super-K constraint on neutrinos from decaying dark nucleons: the route ends in an approximate pass/fail against a quoted flux bound with no spectral flux table or detector response model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the Galactic-plus-extragalactic neutrino flux from dark-nucleon decay (lifetime and spectrum from gap_3), and recast the published Super-K diffuse-neutrino and DSNB-search limits with public effective areas into a lifetime bound as a function of dark-nucleon mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_kev_miracle_higgs_decay_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "keV Miracle sterile neutrino from singlet Higgs decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable X-ray line likelihood grid over (m_s, sin^2 2theta, sterile fraction) is available; only literature limit curves and the 3.5 keV candidate-line discussion are quoted in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR line limits into a flux likelihood parameterized by line energy and target, and wrap it with the analytic decay-rate formula; the mixing angle is a free parameter here since abundance is set by S decays, so the likelihood must cover the full (m_s, sin^2 2theta) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_split_seesaw_bl_thermal_dilution_v1", "model_name": "split-seesaw B-L thermal sterile neutrino with entropy dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No importable X-ray line likelihood grid in (m_s, sin^2 2theta, sterile fraction) exists for this card; X-ray decay constraints are applied by quoting literature limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published XMM-Newton/Chandra/NuSTAR blank-sky and stacked-cluster line searches into a tabulated likelihood over line energy and decay flux, with the sterile fraction as a linear flux rescaling, and attach it to the registry as a reusable X-ray line likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1602_06651_abelian_zprime_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Abelian Z' sterile-neutrino progenitor dark matter variants", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.06651", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable X-ray line likelihood (with marginalization over halo column density and decay branching) is available for the radiative decay of the keV sterile state; only published exclusion curves under simple assumptions exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Package XMM-Newton/Chandra M31, Milky Way, and cluster line searches into a public likelihood over (M_s, sin^2 2theta, f_DM) with a documented column-density prior, so subcomponent and small-mixing scenarios can be scored consistently.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_02401_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino freeze-in/dark-freeze-out dark matter in a singlet scalar portal sector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.02401", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood or spectral analysis pipeline is available to compare the predicted 3.55 keV flux to cluster, galaxy, and blank-sky data; the card records the mixing benchmark but likelihood_available is unknown and no target column-density modeling is bundled.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a decaying-DM X-ray likelihood in the (m_psi, sin^2 2theta) plane from published XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR line searches with standard D-factor models for the stacked targets, and apply it to the 7.1 keV benchmark and surrounding parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_split_seesaw_bl_low_reheat_v1", "model_name": "split-seesaw B-L low-reheating sterile neutrino production", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable X-ray line likelihood grid over (m_s, sin^2 2theta, sterile fraction) is available; only literature limit curves and the 3.5 keV candidate-line discussion are quoted in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR line limits into a flux likelihood parameterized by line energy and target, and wrap it with the analytic decay-rate formula rescaled by the sterile dark-matter fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_13555_symmetry_restored_2hdm_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Symmetry-restored 2HDM plus 7.1 keV sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.13555", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "X-ray constraints on the suppressed first-column Yukawas are applied qualitatively; no packaged X-ray line likelihood in (M1, mixing) is linked to the card (con_xray_yukawa_suppression likelihood_available: unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published sterile-neutrino X-ray line searches (XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR stacked and blank-sky analyses, including the 3.5 keV literature) into a reusable likelihood grid over line energy and flux, then map onto (M1, sum|Y_nu,i1|^2) via the paper's mixing relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_05621_3hdm_astrophobic_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generalized three-Higgs-doublet astrophobic QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.05621", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative stellar-cooling or SN1987A likelihood exists for the astrophobic coupling patterns; the relaxed bounds on f_a are applied as quoted scaling limits, so partially suppressed variants (photon- or muon-suppressed) cannot be constrained self-consistently.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published stellar-cooling (RGB/WD/HB) and SN1987A bounds as likelihood functions in the multi-coupling space (C_e, C_p, C_n, C_mu, g_a_gamma) rather than single-coupling limits, so each 3HDM charge assignment can be scored directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_12258_pbh_sterile_neutrinogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH sterile neutrinogenesis of sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.12258", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public X-ray line likelihood covers the sterile-neutrino decay signal as a function of (m_s, sin^2 2theta, f_s) with astrophysical background modeling, so the 3.5 keV target region and XRISM-era sensitivity cannot be evaluated statistically for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Package existing blank-sky, M31, and cluster X-ray line search data into a reusable likelihood over line energy and flux with target J/D-factors, parameterized so the decay rate scales with sin^2 2theta and the abundance with f_s.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_11344_vector_dm_magnetic_dipole_absorption_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter with electron magnetic dipole coupling", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11344", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable detector likelihood or recast package exists for MDM vector-DM electronic absorption: Si, Ge, Xe, and Ar exclusion limits are available only as summarized curves, without the exposure and threshold tables needed to turn EXCEED-DM rates into a d_M exclusion curve.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published Si/Ge/Xe/Ar absorption limits and collect per-experiment exposure, efficiency, and threshold tables; package them with the updated EXCEED-DM MDM rate module as a Poisson-count likelihood so d_M(m_V) limits can be recomputed for arbitrary parameter points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1707_02077_colder_freeze_in_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Colder freeze-in axino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.02077", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood is available for the 3.5 keV decay signal; the lifetime/mixing target is compared only against literature values (con_xray_axino_lifetime, likelihood_available: no, robustness low).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decaying-dark-matter X-ray flux model (line energy, tau_axino, target column densities) interfaced to published XMM-Newton cluster and Andromeda line-search likelihoods so theta_axino_nu and tau_axino can be constrained statistically.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_08732_ultralight_scalar_neutrino_coupled_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight scalar dark matter coupled to Majorana neutrinos", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.08732", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged 0nu-beta-beta likelihood exists for the time-modulated half-life signature: con_0nubb_half_life records likelihood_available: no, and neither the KamLAND-Zen half-life limit nor the sensitivity of experiments to a periodic modulation of the decay rate is encoded with nuclear-matrix-element uncertainties, so the laboratory constraint can only be applied as a hand recast of quoted limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood module that maps (m_phi, g_phi_ee, phi_0) to isotope-specific half-life and modulation amplitude using published phase-space factors and a marginalized set of nuclear matrix elements, calibrated to the KamLAND-Zen limit and extendable to time-binned event-rate analyses of future ton-scale experiments.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_09840_kev_sterile_neutrino_mes_a4_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile neutrino dark matter in a minimal extended seesaw A4 model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09840", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line-flux likelihood exists for the keV sterile-neutrino radiative decay signal in this model; the card records only summary mixing-angle bounds from XMM-Newton/Chandra/Suzaku/Swift/NuSTAR with no halo-profile marginalization or line-flux recast implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published X-ray mixing-angle exclusion curves (or wrap public stacked-observation likelihoods such as the NuSTAR/XMM blank-sky analyses) into a line-flux likelihood in (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) with marginalization over the Milky Way and cluster density-profile uncertainty.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_11344_vector_dm_electric_dipole_absorption_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter with electron electric dipole coupling", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11344", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable detector likelihood or recast package exists for EDM vector-DM electronic absorption: Si, Ge, Xe, and Ar exclusion limits are available only as summarized curves, without the exposure and threshold tables needed to turn EXCEED-DM rates into a d_E exclusion curve.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published Si/Ge/Xe/Ar absorption limits and collect per-experiment exposure, efficiency, and threshold tables; package them with the updated EXCEED-DM EDM rate module as a Poisson-count likelihood so d_E(m_V) limits can be recomputed for arbitrary parameter points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_00184_type_iii_seesaw_freeze_in_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw freeze-in long-lived S dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00184", "score": 33.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No electroweak precision likelihood is attached to the triplet anchor sector: the claimed W-mass shift toward the CDF measurement has not been confronted with a global fit, so the parameter space consistent with precision data (and with the standard m_W average versus CDF) is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the oblique parameters and tree-level rho/W-mass shift from the triplet vev v2 and heavy lepton triplets, then evaluate against a public global electroweak fit (HEPfit or Gfitter inputs) to map allowed (M_Sigma, v2) regions under both the CDF and PDG-average W-mass choices.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04293_earth_shielded_plasma_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Earth-shielded plasma dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04293", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the target datasets: the DAMA electron-recoil annual-modulation comparison and the CRESST-III low-threshold recast lack public binned likelihoods with detector response, atomic electron binding effects, and backgrounds for a kinetically mixed dark-plasma flux.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct a binned DAMA/LIBRA modulation likelihood from published data tables with the NaI electron-recoil response and atomic binding (RRPA-style) form factors for dark-electron scattering, and add a CRESST-III low-threshold module, exposing both as functions of (epsilon, v_c, n_e_prime).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_12545_hidden_sector_kev_fermion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector keV fermion warm dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.12545", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No keV-scale kink-search beta-spectrum likelihood with realistic detector response exists for evaluating the |U_e4|^2, |U_e5|^2 branches in tritium spectra; only the analytic spectral formula is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a kink-search likelihood using the published KATRIN/TRISTAN keV-sterile sensitivity model (response matrix, resolution, endpoint systematics) applied to the two-branch spectrum with masses M_1, M_2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_2739_extra_dimensional_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Extra-dimensional sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.2739", "score": 32.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood is attached to the card (likelihood_available is unknown and the constraint text notes no full X-ray likelihood or exact exclusion curve), so the decay-line constraint on (M_s, theta_s) cannot be evaluated quantitatively or rescaled for a sub-dominant DM fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published galaxy/cluster X-ray decay-line limits (e.g. stacked cluster and M31/blank-sky analyses) into a reusable likelihood on the sin^2(2theta)-M_s plane with an explicit DM-fraction rescaling, and register it against con_xray_wdm_mixing.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1707_06418_dfsz_freeze_in_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ freeze-in axino dark matter with bilinear R-parity violation", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.06418", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Target-specific X-ray line likelihoods (Perseus, Andromeda, cluster stacks) are not bundled, so lifetime/mixing bounds for the 3.5 keV line are only partially applied (xray_line_decay_bounds, likelihood_available: partial, recasting needed).", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the analytic decay-flux step to published XMM-Newton/Chandra line-search likelihoods per target, constraining tau_axino and the bRPV mixing jointly with neutrino-mass consistency.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_fractional_cold_plus_warm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "fractional cold-plus-warm sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable X-ray line likelihood grid over (m_s, sin^2 2theta, sterile fraction) is available; only literature limit curves and the 3.5 keV candidate-line discussion are quoted, and fractional abundance rescaling must be applied consistently.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR blank-sky and stacked-object line limits into a flux likelihood parameterized by line energy, and wrap it with the analytic decay-rate formula rescaled by the sterile dark-matter fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_neutrinophilic_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a neutrinophilic vector mediator", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the keV sterile-neutrino X-ray decay line against the cluster, M31, Milky Way, and NuSTAR datasets the card cites; only published exclusion curves are available for by-hand overlay.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published X-ray line flux limits (blank-sky NuSTAR, M31, stacked clusters) into a reusable likelihood module mapping (m4, sin^2 2theta) to a decay-flux exclusion, packaged as a route-callable constraint function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2109_08701_broad_mass_pbh_lambda_universe_v1", "model_name": "Broad-mass PBH-Lambda dark matter universe", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2109.08701", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood exists for the unresolved CIB/CXB fluctuation auto- and cross-power measurements (Spitzer/IRAC CIB and soft CXB) that the card identifies as the leading discriminator, so background_power_consistency cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published Spitzer/IRAC CIB fluctuation and Chandra soft-CXB power and cross-power measurements into a likelihood with covariance and a parameterized foreground model (galaxy/AGN shot noise and clustering from literature luminosity functions), packaged for MCMC use with the gap_1 pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_02904_lepton_portal_freeze_in_scalar_hierarchical_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal freeze-in scalar with hierarchical lepton couplings", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02904", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No X-ray likelihood is in place for the two-photon decay line at E_gamma = m_phi/2: existing keV line searches (calibrated for sterile-neutrino single-photon decay) have not been rescaled to this model's (m_phi, f_phi, tau_phi) parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Rescale published blank-sky and cluster X-ray line limits to a two-photon final state (photon multiplicity and E_gamma = m_phi/2 kinematics) weighted by the decaying fraction f_phi exp(-t/tau_phi), and package the result as a lifetime likelihood over 1-10 keV masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_18645_dark_matter_pearls_void_domain_walls_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter pearls with low-tension vacuum domain walls around voids", "family": "macroscopic_vacuum_bubble_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.18645", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "None of the three linked constraints has a likelihood (likelihood_available is 'no' for the wall-tension viability, constant-variation tension, and 3.5 keV pearl-line fit), so the model cannot be scored quantitatively against spectroscopic constant-variation data or X-ray line data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood mapping predicted phase-dependent Delta alpha/alpha and Delta mu/mu onto published quasar-absorber and molecular-line measurement compilations, and refit the 3.5 keV line with current XMM/Chandra/XRISM cluster datasets under the pearl-collision emission model.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_0265_mlrsm_kev_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal left-right symmetric keV right-handed neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.0265", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray decay constraint on (M1, theta) is only graphical in the primary paper with no digitized exclusion or packaged likelihood (likelihood_available: no), so the mixing-decay observable cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published sterile-neutrino X-ray line limits (XMM-Newton, Chandra, NuSTAR blank-sky compilations) into a digital likelihood on the (M1, sin^2 2theta) plane, including the relic-fraction rescaling the card's n1_all_dm assumption allows.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1904_07108_kev_sterile_neutrino_double_seesaw_dm_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino double-seesaw freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.07108", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged X-ray decay-line likelihood in the (m_s, sin^2 2theta) plane is available for evaluating the 3.55 keV line benchmark against cluster, Andromeda, and blank-sky searches; only qualitative overlays of published limits can be used.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published X-ray line search limits (clusters, M31, Milky Way blank-sky, diffuse background) into a combined likelihood over m_s and sin^2 2theta with a specified halo model, applicable to any full-DM sterile-neutrino card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_b_minus_l_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) B-L vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the keV sterile-neutrino X-ray decay line against the cluster, M31, Milky Way, and NuSTAR datasets the card cites; only published exclusion curves are available for by-hand overlay.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published X-ray line flux limits (blank-sky NuSTAR, M31, stacked clusters) into a reusable likelihood module mapping (m4, sin^2 2theta) to a decay-flux exclusion, packaged as a route-callable constraint function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_11243_kev_hidden_photon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "keV hidden photon dark matter for XENON1T and stellar cooling", "family": "hidden_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11243", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stellar-cooling likelihood exists for the HB R-parameter band: the card marks likelihood_available 'no' with recasting_needed 'yes', and the resonant hidden-photon emissivity has not been propagated through calibrated HB stellar models to a statistical R-parameter constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Add the resonant kinetic-mixing hidden-photon emissivity as an exotic energy-loss term in MESA horizontal-branch models and build an R-parameter likelihood from globular-cluster HB/RGB star counts, marginalizing over stellar-model systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_00309_fermionic_scalar_portal_absorption_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic scalar-portal absorption dark matter", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.00309", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The astrophysical and cosmological constraints on the light Higgs-mixed scalar and the dark matter decay (SN1987A, HB-star cooling, invisible meson decays, diffuse X-ray limits) are only available as digitized literature curves; no combined machine-readable likelihood over (m_phi, theta, m_chi) exists for joint scans with the relic constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the SN1987A, HB-star, meson-decay, and diffuse X-ray exclusion curves used by the paper into interpolated one-sided likelihoods (following the standard light-scalar compilation format) so the relic-versus-signal tension can be scanned as a joint fit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1204_3902_constrained_numsm_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Constrained nuMSM resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1204.3902", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "X-ray line constraints (NuSTAR Galactic Center, M31, cluster and diffuse fields) exist only as published exclusion curves, not as reusable target-specific likelihoods with halo-profile and background systematics, preventing consistent statistical combination over the 1-50 keV window.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the NuSTAR GC/M31 line-search likelihoods (flux versus line energy with J-factor and background nuisance parameters) as a reusable module keyed to (M1, sin^2(2 theta_1)) with an explicit dark-matter-fraction rescaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_lmu_ltau_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) L_mu-L_tau vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the keV sterile-neutrino X-ray decay line against the cluster, M31, Milky Way, and NuSTAR datasets the card cites; only published exclusion curves are available for by-hand overlay.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published X-ray line flux limits (blank-sky NuSTAR, M31, stacked clusters) into a reusable likelihood module mapping (m4, sin^2 2theta) to a decay-flux exclusion, packaged as a route-callable constraint function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_09615_two_body_decaying_cdm_to_wdm_dr_v1", "model_name": "Two-body decaying cold dark matter to warm dark matter and dark radiation", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.09615", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The weak-lensing constraint was approximated by a split-normal S8 summary because the full KiDS-1000+BOSS+2dfLenS likelihood was unavailable, so the S8-tension preference (Delta chi^2 about 5.4) rests on a compressed statistic rather than the survey data vector.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the MCMC with the now-public KiDS-1000 (or DES Y3) cosmic-shear likelihood coupled to the DDM P(k), including a nonlinear prescription valid for the model's time-dependent suppression instead of the S8 prior.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_08431_sterile_neutrino_portal_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino-portal ultralight scalar dark matter with time-varying neutrino masses", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.08431", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No KATRIN spectral likelihood exists for time-varying active/sterile neutrino masses; the phase-averaged endpoint and sterile-kink distortion predicted by the model has never been fit to the KNM1/KNM2 spectral data (card: likelihood_available partial, recasting_needed yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-phase-averaged beta spectrum as a signal model in the public KATRIN sterile-neutrino analysis framework using the released KNM1/KNM2 spectral data and response model, recovering the static sterile limit as g phi goes to 0.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_08431_sterile_neutrino_portal_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino-portal ultralight scalar dark matter with time-varying neutrino masses", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.08431", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Short-baseline (BEST, gallium, reactor) sterile-neutrino likelihoods are published only for static Delta m_41^2 and theta_14; no time-binned or oscillation-averaged recast exists for a sterile mass modulated at frequency m_phi, so static best-fit regions cannot be transferred to this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast of the BEST and reactor rate likelihoods that averages the disappearance probability over the scalar phase (and adds time binning where exposure records permit), using the experiments' published rate data and response geometries.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_15718_ultralight_scalar_refractive_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight scalar dark matter with refractive neutrino masses", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.15718", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No oscillation-data likelihood exists for the energy-dependent refractive-mass Hamiltonian: existing dark-background oscillation bounds are single-effective-coupling recasts that do not cover this model's mediator and resonance structure (con_dark_background_oscillation is recast_required with likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the refractive potential Delta m_ref^2(E, rho_phi) in a global oscillation-fit framework (GLoBES or nuSQuIDS driving solar, atmospheric, and long-baseline datasets) and publish a likelihood over (m_phi, m_chi, g_alpha_k) including flavor-coupling degeneracies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_16532_one_to_one_mixed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "One-to-one resonantly produced mixed sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16532", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood exists that implements the fraction-weighted mapping f * sin^2(2 theta) for mixed models, so existing all-sterile 3.55 keV line detections and non-detection limits cannot be applied to the mixed parameter grid.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published X-ray stacking and blank-sky decay limits (XMM, Chandra, NuSTAR, eROSITA) into a likelihood over (m_s, sin^2(2 theta), f) with the sterile fraction rescaling the line-of-sight decay flux, and release it alongside the model grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_17636_quadratic_scalar_uldm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Quadratically coupled scalar ultralight dark matter EFT", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.17636", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood or recast pipeline converts atomic-clock and cavity frequency-comparison data into bounds on the quadratic Wilson coefficients c_i: existing clock dark-matter analyses target linear couplings, while the phi^2 signal oscillates at 2 m_phi, scales differently with rho_DM, and has distinct stochastic-amplitude statistics.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a ULDM time-series signal generator plus likelihood module for quadratic couplings (frequency 2 m_phi, stochastic field-amplitude distribution, finite coherence time) and apply it to released clock-comparison datasets, or extend an existing clock-analysis framework with the c_i = 16 pi^2/Lambda^4 parameterization and per-experiment sensitivity coefficients.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0101524_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0101524", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined X-ray line-search likelihood exists for the radiative-decay line at E_gamma = m_s/2; the card cites only representative M31 Chandra bounds with recasting_needed: partial and likelihood_available: no, so the mixing-angle exclusion cannot be evaluated as a statistical likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Package published X-ray line-search results (Chandra/XMM M31, Milky Way, stacked clusters) into a public combined likelihood over (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) with explicit dark-matter column-density priors, coupled to a standard radiative-decay-flux calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_08268_framed_standard_model_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Framed Standard Model hidden-sector dark matter candidates", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08268", "score": 29.25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The electroweak-precision floor on zeta_S is a model-internal comparison to the Z mass error, not a statistical constraint; no likelihood connects FSM Z-G mixing to the full set of electroweak precision observables.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Z-G mixing shift into oblique/precision parameters and evaluate it with an existing global electroweak fit package (e.g. HEPfit or GFitter inputs) to obtain a proper likelihood on zeta_S.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_05298_inverse_seesaw_sterile_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter with dynamical lepton-number breaking", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.05298", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The X-ray line constraint is carried only as summarized INTEGRAL/NuSTAR/XMM-Newton limits with likelihood_available unknown; no evaluable line-search likelihood in the (m_nu4, U_alpha4) plane, including target-dependent decay-flux modeling, is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published NuSTAR/INTEGRAL/XMM sterile-neutrino line flux limits into a reusable (mass, sin^2 2theta) likelihood with a standard line-flux calculator for Milky Way and cluster targets, and correct it for the Majoron-dominated lifetime of this model.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_03693_cdf_iihdm_low_mass_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "CDF-II-favored inert two-Higgs-doublet scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.03693", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The electroweak-precision constraint is only partially implemented (likelihood_available 'partial'): the preferred 54-74 GeV region is tied to the CDF-II W-mass input alone, and no oblique-parameter likelihood incorporating the current world-average W mass and post-2022 combinations exists to reassess the favored splitting region.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an S,T,U (oblique-parameter) Gaussian likelihood on top of the 2HDMC output using the current PDG/global electroweak fit with the W-mass measurement treated as a switchable input (CDF-II versus world average), so the favored Delta0/Delta+ region can be re-derived under either choice.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_06560_blue_axion_dark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Blue axion dark-portal decay variant", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.06560", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for any of the constraining datasets: all four card constraints have likelihood_available: no (HST COB anisotropy, LORRI diffuse intensity, red-giant cooling, and the projected 438/336 nm and LIM reaches are quoted only as published curves and forecast scalings).", "proposed_resolution": "Package the HST 606 nm anisotropy measurement, the LORRI intensity (16.37 +/- 1.47 nW m^-2 sr^-1), and the red-giant coupling bound as simple Gaussian/one-sided likelihoods over (m_a, tau_a, g_a_gamma_gamma_dark, hot fraction), and implement the source's future-band and LIM scaling as a forecast module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0804_4543_numsm_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "nuMSM lepton-asymmetry resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0804.4543", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No X-ray line-search likelihood over (M_1, sin^2 2theta) is packaged with the card (likelihood_available: no); only qualitative non-observation statements are available, so the decay-line observable can only be compared by eye to published exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and combine existing Chandra/XMM/NuSTAR line-search exclusion curves into a reusable likelihood over sterile-neutrino mass and mixing, weighted by the resonant-production abundance from step s1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01124_neutron_dark_decay_two_dark_particles_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay two-dark-particle dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01124", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists for the neutron-decay observable: the bottle-versus-beam lifetime discrepancy and the ~1% exotic branching fraction are used only as a target window, with likelihood_available marked 'no' for all three constraints on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a likelihood in Br_dark from the published bottle (UCNtau-type) and beam neutron-lifetime measurements with correlated systematics, so that the mass-sum window and branching fraction can be jointly constrained instead of imposed as hard cuts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_12130_vacuum_misalignment_composite_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite pNGB dark matter from vacuum-misalignment asymmetry", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12130", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The exotic Z-decay prediction (BR about 8e-9) cannot be recast quantitatively: the final-state identification is corrupted in the extracted text and no LEP or future Z-pole likelihood for this channel is recorded on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Confirm the exotic Z final state and pseudoscalar lifetime from the source PDF, then build a rare-Z recast comparing the predicted branching ratio to the LEP detector-stable bound and Tera-Z projections as a simple likelihood over (BR_Z_exotic, lifetime).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_3880_dark_matter_coupled_scalar_fifth_force_v1", "model_name": "Dark-matter-coupled scalar-field fifth-force model", "family": "coupled_dark_matter_dark_energy_fifth_force", "arxiv": "0906.3880", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No weak-lensing likelihood or numerical exclusion exists for the predicted small-scale clustering enhancement: the card's key constraint on beta = O(1) couplings is qualitative pressure only, with likelihood_available unknown and no data release attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Once nonlinear P(k, beta, lambda) predictions exist (gap_2), project them to cosmic-shear observables with baryon marginalization and build a likelihood against current stage-III/IV lensing data (DES/KiDS/Euclid-style pipelines) to convert the qualitative beta = O(1) pressure into numerical exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4899_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "7.1 keV sterile-neutrino dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4899", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray line constraint is recorded with likelihood_available: no; there is no machine-readable likelihood tying the model's (m_s, sin^2(2 theta)) to current X-ray line search limits, and the card notes updated line status was not adjudicated.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published sterile-neutrino X-ray line limits in the sin^2(2 theta) vs m_s plane (XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and blank-sky stacked analyses) into a simple likelihood module and evaluate the 7.1 keV benchmark against them.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1501_02666_nonthermal_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal two-component singlet-scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.02666", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the 3.55 keV line requirement (likelihood_available: no); the mass-lifetime target is a point estimate from stacked-cluster measurements rather than an evaluable constraint on M_phi3 and the two-photon decay rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a line-flux likelihood from published XMM-Newton/Chandra stacked-cluster and M31 line measurements and upper limits, parameterized in (M_phi3, decay rate, phi_3 abundance fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_05369_dw_modified_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with Dodelson-Widrow modification of a non-trivial initial abundance", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05369", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable X-ray line likelihood for radiative sterile-neutrino decay in the sin^2(2 theta)-M_1 plane; the card applies published non-observation bounds without a likelihood object.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the published XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR stacked X-ray line limits as a tabulated likelihood on (M_1, sin^2 2theta_alpha), scaled by the model's DW-fraction Omega_DW/Omega_DM, in a standard recasting format.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2003_13182_dark_macho_phenomenological_v1", "model_name": "Dark massive compact halo object phenomenology", "family": "macroscopic_compact_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.13182", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The molecular-cloud optical/X-ray glow channel has no encoded survey selection function or encounter event-rate model, so non-detection cannot be converted into a statistical constraint on the dMACHO population.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an encounter-rate model combining the local dMACHO halo velocity distribution with a catalog of nearby dense molecular clouds, fold in Chandra/XMM and optical survey sensitivities, and derive expected glowing-source counts versus (M, R) for a likelihood on non-detection.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_08486_cannibal_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cannibal scalar dark matter with 3-to-2 self-interactions", "family": "cannibal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.08486", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The S8 comparison uses only an approximate weak-lensing S8 baseline rather than a full cosmic-shear likelihood, so the claimed S8-tension relief and the 2-3 unit chi-square tradeoff are not evaluated against actual survey data vectors.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the MontePython analysis replacing the S8 proxy with a full public cosmic-shear likelihood (KiDS or DES Y3) using the CanDM P(k), including a nonlinear prescription checked against the model's scale-dependent suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_04037_resonant_u1_zprime_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonant U(1)' Z-prime portal Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04037", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only an approximate COHERENT CsI chi-square is available for the CEvNS route; no likelihood incorporates the full detector response, quenching-factor systematics, and LAr/reactor datasets needed for a precision constraint on the light Z-prime couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned CEvNS likelihood from the public COHERENT CsI and LAr data releases (timing plus recoil-energy spectra with quenching and efficiency systematics), for example by adapting an existing public CEvNS fitting framework to the model's momentum-dependent epsilon coefficients, and validate against the paper's COHERENT-only exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11944_charged_meson_vector_portal_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charged-meson vector-portal inelastic dark matter benchmark", "family": "vector_portal_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11944", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public MiniBooNE low-energy-excess likelihood exists for this signal: the chi-square fit to residual electronlike spectra depends on energy-dependent efficiencies, the 140 MeV E_vis threshold, and the <10-degree e+e- merging model, all of which are private analysis inputs, so the excess fit cannot be independently evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the MiniBooNE residual-event E_vis and angular histograms, efficiency tables, and pair-merging prescription into a public likelihood module (e.g. a GAMBIT/pyhf-style implementation) validated by reproducing the paper's benchmark chi-square fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_02779_dark_matter_pearl_vacuum_bubble_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter pearl vacuum-bubble model", "family": "macroscopic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.02779", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No emission model or likelihood exists for the pearl 3.5 keV X-ray prediction: the collisional (density-squared) and cosmic-ray-induced line emissivity is underived, and existing 3.5 keV line analyses assume decaying-DM (density-linear) morphology, so they cannot be applied without recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the pearl-pearl collision emissivity as a function of halo density and velocity dispersion, then recast the XMM-Newton/Chandra stacked-cluster, Galactic-center, and Tycho 3.5 keV line data with the rho^2 morphology template as a reusable flux likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10487_lmu_ltau_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) L_mu-L_tau Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10487", "score": 26.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The flavour/neutrino-mass recast route lacks packaged inputs and any likelihood: rare-B observables, B_s mixing, and one-loop neutrino-mass consistency for the shared Z-prime and leptoquark parameters cannot currently be evaluated within the registry.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's Wilson-coefficient contributions in flavio/smelli to obtain a rare-B and B_s-mixing likelihood, and add the paper's one-loop neutrino-mass formula as an analytic consistency constraint on Y_l.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1602_03191_gravitational_neutrino_condensate_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-anomaly neutrino-condensate cold dark matter subcomponent", "family": "neutrino_condensate_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.03191", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reproducible KATRIN likelihood for a clustered relic-neutrino overdensity: the card marks con_katrin_recast_required with likelihood_available no, and the capture-rate/beta-endpoint signal from a locally bound neutrino condensate has never been recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a KATRIN beta-spectrum-endpoint/capture likelihood parameterized by the local relic-neutrino overdensity and m_1, using published KATRIN neutrino-capture sensitivity analyses, and connect it to the overdensity predicted by the condensation calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_nucleon_decay_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L charged scalar dark matter triggering nucleon decay", "family": "baryon_lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast likelihood applies Super-Kamiokande (or DUNE/dark-matter detector) nucleon-decay search data to the DM-induced event topology; published efficiencies assume standard proton-decay kinematics, not a halo-DM-catalyzed neutron removal with invisible neutrino.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast of Super-K invisible-neutron-decay and de-excitation-gamma searches (and SNO+ style analyses) with published efficiency tables, taking the gap_2 event spectra as input and producing limits in the (m_chi, Lambda, operator coefficient) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_02217_scotozee_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "ScotoZee model with scalar inert dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02217", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The electroweak oblique fit and the LFV/g-2 constraints are only encoded as approximate ranges; no combined likelihood over S,T,U and the rare-decay upper limits is available for scanning the Yukawa textures.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a combined chi-square from a current global electroweak fit (S,T,U covariance) plus MEG II, trilepton, and mu-e conversion limits, packaged as a recast notebook over the paper's flavor-texture parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_05459_fopt_forbidden_decay_scotogenic_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "FOPT-enabled forbidden-decay scotogenic right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_forbidden_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.05459", "score": 26.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented LFV recast for this model: mu->e gamma and mu->3e reach for the Casas-Ibarra-constrained scotogenic Yukawa texture with light N1 is flagged (recasting_needed: yes) but no likelihood or recast pipeline exists on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scotogenic model in SPheno/FlavorKit (or use published scotogenic LFV loop formulae) and wrap MEG-II/Mu3e bounds as a likelihood over (Yukawas, M1, inert scalar masses) consistent with the Casas-Ibarra parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_03996_finite_modular_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Finite modular majoron", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.03996", "score": 26.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No experiment-specific likelihood exists for the narrow neutrino flux from decaying majoron dark matter, so the majoron_decay_neutrino_flux observable cannot be evaluated against neutrino-telescope data.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published bounds on dark-matter decay to monochromatic neutrinos (Borexino, KamLAND, Super-Kamiokande compilations) as a lifetime-versus-m_J limit curve and wrap it as a likelihood taking (m_J, tau_J, Omega_J) from the route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1007_0898_a4_majoron_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "A4 seesaw Majoron decaying dark matter", "family": "majoron_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.0898", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged X-ray/soft-X-ray line likelihood exists for the one-loop J -> gamma gamma line at E = m_J/2 in the sub-keV to keV range; the paper's exclusion contour is not preserved and modern line-search data have not been recast onto (m_J, Gamma_gg, abundance).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published diffuse X-ray background and blank-sky line searches (Chandra/XMM/NuSTAR and sounding-rocket data at sub-keV energies) into a reusable decaying-DM line-flux likelihood and evaluate the Majoron loop-decay parameter space against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_6632_self_interacting_boosted_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting boosted two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.6632", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the Super-Kamiokande/Hyper-Kamiokande boosted-dark-matter electron-scattering search; the SK-IV angular-cone limit tables have not been digitized and the electron-scattering limit must be recast to the model-specific chi_B-electron cross section through the kinetically mixed X.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the SK-IV boosted-DM search (2628.1 days, 161.9 kt-yr) angular-cone event limits and backgrounds, wrap them in a Poisson likelihood parameterized by incoming chi_B energy and scattering angle, and add the model's dark-photon-mediated chi_B-electron differential cross section as the signal model, with a Hyper-K projection mode.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_06348_charged_planck_scale_relics_v1", "model_name": "Charged Planck-scale relic dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1906.06348", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No search likelihood or recast maps the CPR flux and track efficiency onto existing large-area, monopole (e.g. MACRO-type), or paleo-detector exposures; the route's detector likelihood is listed as unavailable, so no quantitative bound on f_CPR can be set.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile exposure tables from published slow-monopole and heavy-track searches, fold them with the simulated CPR track efficiency from the detector-response gap, and release a Poisson counting likelihood on f_CPR(M_relic, q_CPR) that reproduces the paper's 4.3 m^2-per-event-per-year benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_02294_s3_z2_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 x Z2 sterile-neutrino dark matter model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.02294", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CLIC charged-scalar benchmark cross sections cannot be turned into exclusions or projected sensitivities because no detector-level analysis, efficiency map, or reusable likelihood exists for e+e- -> H+H- in this model (card: likelihood_available no, recasting_needed yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the S3 x Z2 scalar sector in FeynRules/UFO, simulate e+e- -> H+H- with the charged-scalar decay chains in MadGraph plus a fast CLIC detector card (Delphes), and publish signal efficiencies and a cut-and-count likelihood over the (m_H+, X) benchmark plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_03061_dark_matter_vortices_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter vortex filament model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.03061", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the cosmic-filament spin measurement used to fit (N_V/m, R): the observational spin proxy, filament selection function, and data covariance are not packaged, so the paper's MCMC constraint cannot be reproduced or reused by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a public likelihood from the filament-spin catalog of the source measurement (the 2106.05989 stacked line-of-sight velocity-difference analysis), including the filament selection function and an estimated covariance, exposing the vortex velocity template parameters (N_V/m, R) and nuisance parameters for orientation and stacking systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_14052_spin2_mediator_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electron-specific spin-2 mediator with hidden scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.14052", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public NA64/LDMX missing-energy likelihood or digitized acceptance model exists for invisibly decaying electron-specific spin-2 mediators; existing reach curves in the paper are not machine-readable.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the NA64 exclusion and NA64e/LDMX projected reach curves at the quoted EOT benchmarks and build a simple counting-experiment recast likelihood with published signal acceptances for missing-energy selections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf3_bl_portal_v1", "model_name": "Three-flavor chiral composite ADM with B-L portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast or likelihood exists for the Super-K atmospheric antineutrino bound on the dark baryon decay to a dark meson plus antineutrino: the M_* > 10^8.2 GeV limit is a quoted primary-paper interpretation, and no neutrino-flux calculation for this two-body decay spectrum at m_DM = 5-6 GeV has been run.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the monochromatic-plus-continuum antineutrino spectrum from the two-body dark-baryon decay and recast it through existing decaying-dark-matter Super-K flux analyses, delivering a likelihood in (m_DM, M_*, branching fractions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_05678_cool_atomic_dark_matter_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Cool atomic dark matter subcomponent", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.05678", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No survey-specific weak-lensing likelihood can consume cool-ADM predictions: the sigma8-tension claim rests on linear theory, and the route lists survey weak-lensing likelihoods as unresolved because they require the missing nonlinear matter-power model.", "proposed_resolution": "Once a nonlinear P(k) prescription exists (gap_2), interface it with public weak-lensing likelihoods (e.g. DES/KiDS 3x2pt in Cobaya/CosmoSIS) so the low-sigma8 interpretation can be tested directly against lensing data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_15565_scalar_self_interacting_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated self-interacting sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15565", "score": 24.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable X-ray line-search likelihood is linked; the exclusion of (m_s, theta) currently requires manually digitizing published limit curves and rescaling by the model abundance fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile published X-ray line limits (XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, Chandra blank-sky and stacked-object searches) into a machine-readable limit table or likelihood over (m_s, sin^2 2theta) with an abundance-fraction rescaling hook, validated by reproducing a published sterile-neutrino exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_07906_tiny_split_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Tiny-split mirror baryon dark matter with neutron--mirror-neutron oscillation", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07906", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood or recast framework exists for UCN storage and beam n-nprime searches that handles a nonzero mass splitting Delta m ~ 1e-7 eV: the published tau_osc limits assume near-degenerate states and specific ordinary/mirror magnetic-field settings, so they cannot be applied directly to the resonant split scenario that explains the beam-trap neutron-lifetime discrepancy.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast tool that evaluates the field-dependent oscillation probability from step s1 over each experiment's published magnetic-field settings, storage times, and event counts (UCN storage runs and beam proton-counting data), producing exclusion contours in the (Delta m, epsilon, mirror-field) space and reproducing the degenerate-limit tau_osc > 414 s and 448 s bounds as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_08820_emergent_strong_cp_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Emergent strong-CP vector dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.08820", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No environmental-EDM likelihood exists that folds local dark-matter density and spin-polarization uncertainties into the theta_eff cancellation prediction; the current comparison is a single-number bound check.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a simple likelihood combining the neutron-EDM measurement with a prior on local DM density and coherent spin polarization, so the theta_eff constraint on (M_*, n, m) becomes a quantitative posterior rather than a pass-fail check.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2102_05680_axion_pbh_dressed_minihalos_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with subdominant dressed primordial black holes", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.05680", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No radio transient-survey likelihood, survey sensitivity curves, or neutron-star population model are packaged to turn predicted encounter fluxes and rates into constraints on (m_a, g_a_gamma, f_PBH).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble sensitivity curves and cadence/beam parameters for relevant radio surveys, combine with a Galactic neutron-star population model (spatial and B-field/period distributions), and build a Poisson event-rate likelihood over the predicted transient population.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_00017_nucleon_coupled_boson_star_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nucleon-coupled boson star dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.00017", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged likelihood or machine-readable data tables exist for the HEAO-1, INTEGRAL, and COMPTEL diffuse hard-X-ray/soft-gamma spectra against which the boson-star flux must be compared; the card lists the diffuse photon likelihood as unavailable and the comparison as not rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the HEAO-1, INTEGRAL, and COMPTEL diffuse-emission spectra into energy-binned data products and wrap them in a simple chi-square/upper-limit likelihood module taking a predicted diffuse flux as input, validated by recovering the paper's f_* ~ 1e-9 strongest limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_05214_kev_sterile_neutrino_secret_scalar_qi_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino dark matter with light-scalar neutrino self-interaction after quintessential inflation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05214", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray line-search constraints (NuSTAR Galactic-center and related datasets) exist only as published upper-limit curves assuming standard production and DM fraction; no packaged likelihood lets the registry rescale them consistently for this model's relic fraction and halo modeling.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the NuSTAR and complementary X-ray line-search flux limits into a registry likelihood module parameterized by (M1, sin^2(2 theta_1), f_N1, D-factor) so mixing-angle exclusions can be recomputed for arbitrary relic fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_03909_decaying_alp_dm_direct_collapse_v1", "model_name": "Decaying axion-like dark matter direct-collapse model", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03909", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No statistical framework connects per-halo direct-collapse success to the observed high-redshift SMBH population: halo abundance, collapse duty cycle, and seed-growth modeling needed to turn the mechanism into a testable seed-abundance prediction are absent.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a semi-analytic population model (halo mass function plus collapse criterion from the extended chemistry code) predicting DCBH seed number densities versus z, and compare against quasar luminosity-function data in a simple Poisson likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_02713_baryon_violating_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-number-violating Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.02713", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood maps (lambda_1, lambda_prime_12, m_X, m_chi) to the neutron-antineutron oscillation lifetime and Super-Kamiokande dinucleon-decay limits with proper nuclear matrix elements; the card's leading constraint con_dinucleon_nnbar_bvn has likelihood_available: no and no nuclear matrix-element treatment was run.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood that runs the B=2 operator coefficients from the TeV matching scale to 2 GeV, contracts them with published lattice-QCD n-nbar matrix elements, applies the nuclear suppression factors for bound dinucleons, and compares to Super-K dinucleon and free-neutron oscillation limits, exposing tau_nnbar as a derived quantity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_10577_lrsm_rh_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric model with keV right-handed-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.10577", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood is implemented for the N1 -> nu gamma signal; the card uses only an approximate lifetime/mixing stability criterion without cluster or Milky Way halo-profile uncertainties propagated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published sterile-neutrino X-ray limits (NuSTAR, XMM-Newton blank-sky, Chandra) into a likelihood on the (m_N1, sin^2(2theta)) plane, reusing the standard decaying-DM flux formalism with documented halo-profile priors.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_14089_inelastic_dark_photon_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic dark-photon Dirac fermion thermal relic for the XENON1T excess", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.14089", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CRESST low-threshold nuclear-recoil bound has not been reanalyzed for exothermic inelastic kinematics; the card notes the elastic bound may shift for this model, leaving the leading nuclear-scattering constraint uncertain.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published CRESST low-threshold oxygen-recoil data with the exothermic nuclear scattering rate (splitting delta released into the recoil) using the public CRESST data release, producing an exclusion curve in (M_chi, epsilon, delta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_08888_high_scale_fopt_scotogenic_fimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "High-scale FOPT scotogenic FIMP right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.08888", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "GW exclusion is imposed only through a conservative one-year LVK O3 SNR > 1 threshold with approximate sensitivity curves; no proper LVK stochastic-background likelihood is attached, so the boundary of the excluded high-scale FOPT region in (alpha_*, beta/H_*, T_n) is not statistically defensible.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the SNR threshold with a likelihood built on the public LVK O3 isotropic stochastic-search cross-correlation data (e.g. via the pygwb analysis framework), evaluating the model's Omega_GW h^2 template per parameter point and extending the same machinery to projected ET/DECIGO sensitivities for forecasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15760_z3_scotogenic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scotogenic neutrinophilic Dirac-fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrinophilic_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15760", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No sensitivity likelihood exists for the model's critical signature, monoenergetic neutrinos from N anti-N annihilation at JUNO/Hyper-Kamiokande/DUNE; the paper's reach statement is qualitative and no detector-level analysis with neutrino backgrounds and oscillations is linked.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published sub-GeV dark-matter-to-neutrino annihilation limits and forecasts (existing Super-K/JUNO/HK sensitivity curves for monoenergetic neutrino lines) into a likelihood over (m_DM, sigma v, flavor composition) matching the model's neutrino-flavor branching from the fitted Yukawas.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15760_z3_scotogenic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scotogenic neutrinophilic scalar dark matter", "family": "neutrinophilic_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15760", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cLFV or neutrinoless-double-beta-decay likelihood was rerun; the mu -> e gamma prediction from the neutrino-fit Yukawa vectors is not connected to a MEG/MEG-II likelihood or global flavor fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in SARAH/SPheno with FlavorKit to compute BR(mu->e gamma) and 0nubb amplitudes over the neutrino-fit parameter space, and attach the published MEG-II limit as a one-sided likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0204293_qcd_transition_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-transition sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0204293", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line-search likelihood is available for the sterile-neutrino decay line; the card's constraint is a 2002 Virgo non-detection statement flagged as needing modern recasting, with likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood module from published modern X-ray line limits (XMM-Newton/Chandra/NuSTAR blank-sky and stacked-cluster sin^2(2theta) vs m_s curves), interpolating them into a reusable exclusion function over the 1-50 keV mass range including lepton-number-dependent abundance mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1997_low_scale_darkogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale darkogenesis with perturbative baryon transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1997", "score": 22.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No search or recast exists for the baryon-violating p + X -> anti-X + pi+ process; the paper explicitly states standard proton-lifetime limits with charged leptons do not apply, and no detector efficiency or likelihood is available for a single-pion-plus-missing-energy signature with these kinematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Super-Kamiokande single-charged-pion nucleon-decay-style analyses with the modified pion momentum spectrum of DM-induced scattering, folding in detector efficiency maps to produce a rate limit as a function of the transfer scale and superpartner masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_12423_quintessential_inflation_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hierarchical right-handed Majorana neutrino dark matter in quintessential inflation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12423", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No X-ray decay-line likelihood is interfaced for the 10 keV N1 benchmark: the mixing bound sin^2(2 theta) < 1e-11 is a summarized literature limit, with no exposure- and J-factor-resolved likelihood enabling a quantitative recast or a NuSTAR-reach forecast.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt published sterile-neutrino X-ray line likelihoods or limit tables from NuSTAR/XMM blank-sky and Galactic-center analyses, combine with standard halo J-factors and the sterile-neutrino radiative decay-rate formula, and package the result as a reusable (M_1, sin^2(2 theta)) likelihood in the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_05579_cxsm_z2_breaking_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-breaking complex singlet pseudo-Goldstone scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.05579", "score": 22.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Only approximate projection-level constraints exist for the Higgs-factory leg: the card records no packaged likelihood mapping the model's one-loop Higgs-coupling and S/T/U shifts onto CEPC/FCC-ee/ILC global-fit precision, so the complementarity claim cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the one-loop hZZ-coupling shift and oblique parameters as functions of (M_2, theta, v_s) and fold them into the published CEPC/FCC-ee global-fit covariance (e.g. via a Gaussian likelihood over the projected coupling precisions) to draw exclusion/discovery contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_13878_dark_population_transfer_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark population transfer sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.13878", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray decay-line limits are invoked without any digitized exclusion contour or flux likelihood, so the claimed weakening of the constraint for weakly mixed N2 cannot be quantitatively re-evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published keV-scale X-ray line limits (Chandra/Suzaku/NuSTAR compilations cited by the card's related papers) into a (m_s, theta) exclusion table rescaled by the N2 abundance fraction, and package it as a registry likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_0954_resonant_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced 7 keV sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.0954", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the 3.57 keV X-ray line in the (m_s, sin^2(2 theta), DM column density) plane: the card records only qualitative flux/mixing consistency with unknown likelihood availability and dominant instrument/background systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decaying-DM line likelihood from stacked XMM-Newton/Chandra (and NuSTAR blank-sky) spectra with instrument response and astrophysical-line background models, returning a joint flux likelihood versus sin^2(2 theta) at fixed m_s = 7.14 keV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_1525_u1r_sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_R lepton-number model with keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1525", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood exists for the 3.5 keV target: the card records likelihood_available = no, and comparing the (M_N^R, sin^2(2 theta_14)) plane against XMM-Newton M31/Perseus/stacked-cluster fluxes requires a recast with halo mass-profile and instrumental-response modeling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decay-flux calculator (standard radiative decay rate times line-of-sight DM column densities for M31, Perseus, and stacked clusters) and wrap published XMM-Newton flux measurements and upper limits into a Gaussian/profile likelihood over mass and mixing.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1506_06752_resonant_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced 7.1 keV sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1506.06752", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood is attached (likelihood_available: no); the 3.55 keV line and non-detection bounds are used only as a mass-mixing target rather than as a flux likelihood with profile uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a decaying-DM X-ray line likelihood in the (M_1, sin^2 2theta) plane from XMM-Newton/NuSTAR/eROSITA stacked and blank-sky analyses, with dark-matter column-density priors for the cluster/M31/Perseus targets.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01509_axion_quark_nugget_solar_flare_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter with solar-flare triggering", "family": "macroscopic_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01509", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects predicted AQN event-energy distributions to solar data: comparisons to the quiet-Sun EUV/soft-X-ray budget (~1e27 erg/s) and to MWA radio impulses at 98-160 MHz are order-of-magnitude consistency checks with no instrument selection functions, backgrounds, or statistical model (both card constraints have likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build an event-rate likelihood that folds the predicted per-event energy and altitude distributions through EUV/X-ray (SDO/AIA-type) and MWA low-frequency detection thresholds and solar-background models, using the proposed cross-band clustering statistic for the radio channel, and release it against the existing event catalogs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_07973_fermionic_uv_ir_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-singlet fermionic UV/IR freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.07973", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable public likelihood exists for the XMM-Newton Milky Way center 3.5 keV line flux; the paper's comparison is a flux-window match, and treating the feature as a signal versus an upper limit changes the inference.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a likelihood from published XMM-Newton (and Chandra/NuSTAR) 3.5 keV flux measurements and upper limits, with a switch between signal-fit and upper-limit modes, packaged so line-flux predictions from any decaying or cascade-annihilating model can be scored.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_10602_attractor_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Superconformal attractor inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1910.10602", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No detector likelihood or forecast pipeline exists to turn the predicted induced-GW spectrum into a quantitative detectability statement for ALIA/DECIGO-band instruments; the card lists the GW detector likelihood as unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a forecast likelihood from published ALIA/DECIGO power-law-integrated sensitivity curves and an SNR integral over the model Omega_GW(f), packaged so the route can report detectability per parameter point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2008_05029_effective_right_handed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Effective right-handed sterile-neutrino dark matter with SM gauge interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.05029", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The radiative-decay channel is only checked against the age-of-the-Universe bound (tau_N > 4.4e17 s); no instrument-level x-ray line likelihood (XMM-Newton, Chandra, NuSTAR blank-sky) is recast onto the flavor-dependent couplings G_R^l, although such searches would be far stronger.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's N -> nu gamma rate (photon energy m_N/2) onto published sterile-neutrino x-ray line flux limits from XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR halo searches, converting sin^2(2theta)-style limits into bounds on G_R^l versus m_N.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_scalar_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with scalar-mediated neutrino NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray decay-line constraints (M31, Galactic Center, empty-sky, DEBRA) exist only as summarized envelopes; no packaged likelihood as a function of (m_s, sin^2(2theta), f_s) is available for automated scanning.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published X-ray line/non-observation envelopes and package them as an f_s-rescalable interpolated likelihood mask over the (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) scan plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_11646_s3_2hdm_vll_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 symmetric two-Higgs-doublet vector-like lepton dark matter", "family": "vector_like_lepton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.11646", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The 1 TeV ILC missing-energy sensitivity exists only as private cut-based and TMVA-BDTD significance projections; there is no released analysis code or likelihood allowing the VLL reach to be recomputed for other benchmarks or updated detector/luminosity assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Release the analysis as a recast module (e.g. a MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE-style implementation of the 1l+2j+MET, dilepton, 4l, and 4j+MET selections with the Delphes ILD card and BDT training configuration), validated by reproducing the paper's significance tables for BP1-BP4.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_13043_jovian_captured_gev_dm_v1", "model_name": "Jovian captured GeV dark matter toy model", "family": "subcomponent_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.13043", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public time-series likelihood exists for the low-energy Borexino event rate, so the claimed 96 percent CL Jupiter-correlated modulation cannot be refit or tested against the captured-DM flux prediction with detector response and solar/detector systematics included.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a binned timing likelihood from the published 2011-2021 Borexino low-energy rate data with a parameterized detector-response and background-modulation model, or obtain the collaboration's internal time-series likelihood, and interface it to the Jupiter-flux prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_linear_seesaw_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Linear-seesaw mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 21.8, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No LFV likelihood exists for the charged-lepton flavour-violating decays driven by Y_nu and the linear-seesaw Y_SL term, whose LFV pattern differs from the inverse seesaw; the card records only paper-era bounds and no rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute mu->e gamma, mu->3e, and mu-e conversion with SPheno/FlavorKit output from the SARAH linear-seesaw implementation and compare against current MEG II/SINDRUM limits as a likelihood over the scanned flavour textures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_0646_scalar_decay_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-decay sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.0646", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No X-ray line likelihood over (m_s, theta) accompanies the card, and the scalar-decay mechanism leaves the active-sterile mixing angle unspecified, so the radiative-decay observable can only be checked by eye against published Chandra/Andromeda-type exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize existing X-ray line-search exclusion curves (Chandra/XMM/NuSTAR classes of analyses) into a reusable likelihood over sterile-neutrino mass and mixing, treating theta as an independent input parameter alongside the scalar-decay abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17829_dressed_pbh_particle_dm_coexistence_v1", "model_name": "Dressed primordial black holes in particle dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.17829", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FRB lensing channel lacks an optical-depth and time-delay likelihood for extended dressed lenses: CHIME-like burst samples constrain point masses, and no public tool maps the effective lens mass M_PBH^eff of a dressed halo into an FRB lensing rate bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an FRB lensing optical-depth calculation to the dressed-lens Einstein-radius/effective-mass mapping from the related work, and recast the existing CHIME FRB non-detection statistics into f_PBH bounds for the 10-10^3 M_sun dressed window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5120_quantum_environment_dark_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-environment dark neutrino dark matter component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1304.5120", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood or reproducible amplitude-analysis pipeline exists for testing pure-dephasing residuals (environment dimension M and dephasing strength) against polarized pion-nucleon scattering data; the card lists the polarized-target amplitude likelihood as required but likelihood_available is no/unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an open amplitude-fit pipeline on the SAID/GWU partial-wave database for polarized pi-N scattering below ~1080 MeV that includes the Kraus dephasing map (M, dephasing parameters) as fit parameters and returns a likelihood over (M, dephasing strength), reproducing the M=4 inference as a validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_1782_rpv_axino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "R-parity violating axino warm dark matter", "family": "axino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.1782", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray flux likelihood exists for the axino -> gamma + nu decay line: the mass-lifetime window (tau_DM ~ 2e27-2e28 s at 3.5 keV) is only an interval quoted from the line reports, with likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a decaying-DM line-flux calculator (D-factor integrals for the XMM-Newton cluster and M31 fields) coupled to a spectral likelihood built from the public X-ray data, returning constraints directly in (m_axino, tau_DM).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1505_00513_leptoquark_right_handed_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptoquark-assisted right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.00513", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable X-ray line/lifetime likelihood is attached to the card (likelihood_available is partial and no likelihood was rerun), so the decay-line constraint is applied only as a quoted tau_N1 > 1e28 s threshold rather than a proper flux likelihood over the mass-mixing plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Package published stacked-cluster and blank-sky X-ray line search results (XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, eROSITA) into a decaying-DM line-flux likelihood in the (M_R1, sin^2 2theta) plane and connect it to the analytic lifetime step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_04769_long_lived_stau_coannihilation_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived stau coannihilation neutralino dark matter scenario", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.04769", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for comparing predicted D, T, He3, He4, Li6, and Li7 abundances from the CBBN network against observed light-element abundances including nuclear-rate and observational (e.g. lithium depletion, Li6 systematics) uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a light-element abundance likelihood (Gaussian or profiled over nuclear-rate nuisance parameters) over the CBBN network outputs, using current recommended primordial D/H, He4, and Li7/H determinations, and expose it as a route-level likelihood asset.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_01316_density_dependent_baryon_dm_cooling_v1", "model_name": "Density-dependent baryon-DM cooling interaction model", "family": "baryon_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01316", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No rotation-curve likelihood exists for this model: nothing maps (m, sigma_int(n,v), baryon distribution) through the equilibrium heat equation to predicted rotation curves and compares them to MDAR data (e.g. SPARC-type samples) with per-galaxy systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a numerical equilibrium solver for the DM pressure profile given an observed baryon distribution (generalizing the paper's analytic solution to arbitrary Sigma_b(R)), and wrap it in a likelihood over the SPARC rotation-curve/MDAR dataset with mass-to-light and distance nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_00585_z2_scalar_neutrino_mass_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd scalar dark matter in the N=1 generalized one-loop neutrino-mass model", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.00585", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No global likelihood combines the LFV decays, flavor-changing Z decays, muon g-2, and S/T oblique constraints for this model's Yukawa and mass parameters; the card records only 95% CL cut-based bounds (likelihood_available: partial) and states a global likelihood was not reconstructed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's one-loop contributions in a flavor/precision framework (e.g. SPheno+FlavorKit or flavio) and assemble a combined likelihood over mu->e gamma, LFV Z branching ratios, (g-2)_mu, and electroweak S/T fits, replacing the current hard 95% CL cuts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_bminusl_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with B-L vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray decay-line constraints (M31, Galactic Center, empty-sky, DEBRA) exist only as summarized envelopes; no packaged likelihood as a function of (m_s, sin^2(2theta), f_s) is available for automated scanning.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published X-ray line/non-observation envelopes and package them as an f_s-rescalable interpolated likelihood mask over the (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) scan plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_neutrinophilic_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with neutrinophilic vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray decay-line constraints (M31, Galactic Center, empty-sky, DEBRA) exist only as summarized envelopes; no packaged likelihood as a function of (m_s, sin^2(2theta), f_s) is available for automated scanning.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published X-ray line/non-observation envelopes and package them as an f_s-rescalable interpolated likelihood mask over the (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) scan plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_13376_qcd_domain_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from matter-antimatter separation at the QCD phase transition", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13376", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public X-ray decay-line likelihood with target J/D-factor data is available to test the M_1 = 7 keV, sin^2(theta) = 5e-11 benchmark and the surrounding mass-mixing plane for this production scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published X-ray line search results (clusters, M31, blank-sky) with target density profiles into a reusable likelihood over (M_1, sin^2 2theta, Omega_N/Omega_DM), applicable to any production mechanism including this one.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0504096_bulk_shortcut_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Bulk-shortcut sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0504096", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No short-baseline oscillation likelihood implements the energy-dependent shortcut mixing: LSND/MiniBooNE fits in the card are representative only, so the allowed (E_res, theta) region and the small-mixing WDM tension cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the shortcut-modified oscillation probability in an existing short-baseline fitting framework (e.g., a GLoBES-based or public MiniBooNE/LSND data-release fit) and rerun the 3+1 analysis with E_res as an extra parameter.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9809547_bosonic_superheavy_x_vacuum_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bosonic superheavy X-particle from vacuum fluctuations", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9809547", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The UHECR constraint on the card is a historical SUGAR anisotropy recast with likelihood_available 'no'; no modern end-to-end likelihood combines superheavy-X decay fragmentation spectra, a Galactic-halo decay template, and current Auger/TA exposure and composition data to constrain (m_X, tau_X, Omega_X).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a pipeline using HDMSpectra for X decay spectra at m_X above 1e13 GeV, a Milky-Way halo decay template with CRPropa propagation, and published Auger flux/photon-fraction/anisotropy limits, packaged as a tau_X-versus-m_X exclusion likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9903542_superheavy_inflation_relic_x_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced superheavy X-particle dark matter", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9903542", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No end-to-end UHECR pipeline or likelihood exists for rare X decays: decay spectra, propagation, and modern Auger flux/composition/photon limits have not been combined into a constraint on (m_X, tau_X, Omega_X) for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Chain HDMSpectra decay spectra for m_X near 10^13 GeV into a propagation code (CRPropa or SimProp) and recast against current Auger spectrum, composition, and photon-fraction limits, delivering a tau_X(m_X, Omega_X) exclusion likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_06089_cp_pq_scotogenic_inert_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP/PQ scotogenic inert-doublet dark matter with axion component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.06089", "score": 20.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No scotogenic neutrino-mass and lepton-flavor-violation likelihood has been run for this model's complex Yukawa couplings h_alpha_j; the flavor consistency of the Z2-odd sector (mu->e gamma etc.) is asserted but not numerically evaluated (step s4 validation not run).", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the low-energy scotogenic sector in an existing spectrum-plus-flavor pipeline (e.g. SARAH/SPheno with FlavorKit, or a dedicated scotogenic scan code) and scan h_alpha_j, M_Nj, lambda_5 against neutrino oscillation data and MEG/Mu2e LFV bounds jointly with the dark-matter constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0364_u1x_three_higgs_neutral_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X three-Higgs-doublet neutral fermion dark matter", "family": "vector_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0364", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined flavor/electroweak-precision likelihood exists for the three-Higgs U(1)_X sector (meson mixing, charged-lepton flavor violation, EW precision); the card marks recasting_needed: yes and likelihood_available: no, and the OCR-lossy flavor formulas were not promoted, so the non-DM consistency of any DM benchmark cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-derive the meson-mixing, LFV, and oblique-parameter expressions for the three-doublet U(1)_X Higgs sector from the primary paper and implement them as a flavio/HEPfit-style constraint module evaluated jointly with the DM benchmark scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02699_u1_vectorlike_quark_inert_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1) vector-like quark model with inert scalar dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02699", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable flavor likelihood is available for the loop-induced C9 and B_s mixing constraints (likelihood_available: no); the paper applied them only as scan cuts, so viability cannot be re-evaluated with a global fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Express the model's one-loop Wilson coefficients (C9, B_s mixing amplitude) as functions of f, M_a, m_Zprime and wrap them in flavio/smelli to obtain a global b -> s l l plus B_s mixing likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_10185_u1x_majorana_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Extra U(1)_X right-handed Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "z_prime_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.10185", "score": 20.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The active-sterile neutrino mixing requirement that underpins the co-annihilation link (con_neutrino_mixing_coannihilation) has no attached likelihood, so the connection between oscillation data and the (mixing angle, chi_2-chi_1 mass gap) parameters is only qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach the public NuFIT chi-squared tables (and sterile-mixing bounds where relevant) as a likelihood on the loop-generated neutrino mass and mixing parameters of the model, propagated to the S_1R-S_2R mixing angle used in the co-annihilation rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_10504_dark_confining_axiverse_heavy_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-confining axiverse heavy axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.10504", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled, reusable likelihood exists for the model's monochromatic keV-MeV decay line (a -> gamma gamma, and e+e- above threshold): existing XMM-Newton/Chandra/NuSTAR/INTEGRAL/COMPTEL limits and Athena/AMEGO/e-ASTROGAM projections exist only as published curves that must be recast by hand for each (m_a, tau_a).", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published decaying-dark-matter lifetime limits across keV-MeV into a tabulated tau_min(m_a) likelihood module (separately for the photon and e+e- channels), so the line-flux prediction from (m_a, f_a, C_agamma, C_aee) can be scored automatically against current limits and future-telescope sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13607_z3_complex_scalar_semi_annihilation_adm_v1", "model_name": "Z_3 complex scalar asymmetric dark matter from semi-annihilation", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13607", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled exclusion pipeline (recast tables or detector likelihood) exists for the Higgs invisible width and spin-independent recoil limits applied to this Z3 scalar plus eta-mediator field content; the card flags recasting_needed and no likelihood_reference.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in a FeynRules/CalcHEP model file, then chain HiggsTools for BR(h->invisible) limits and DDCalc for current SI recoil likelihoods, validating against the scalar-singlet portal limit with semi-annihilation couplings off.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05799_so10_split_susy_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-parity neutralino dark matter in a split-SUSY SO(10) GUT", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05799", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood connects the analytic proton-decay lifetimes to current Super-K limits and projected Hyper-K/JUNO sensitivities; the comparison is stated only as qualitative testability of benchmark regions (con_so10_proton_decay_tests, likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the published Super-K exclusion and Hyper-K/JUNO projected sensitivities for the relevant channels (p -> K+ nu, p -> e+ pi0) as simple lifetime likelihoods and evaluate the benchmark partial lifetimes, including an uncertainty budget for hadronic matrix elements and threshold corrections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0805_3827_bec_scalar_field_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "BEC/SFDM self-interacting ultralight scalar dark matter for cluster collisions", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0805.3827", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative merger-morphology likelihood exists for confronting simulated BEC/SFDM collision outcomes with the Bullet Cluster and Abell 520 data; the card records the cluster comparison as qualitative with likelihood_available: no and low robustness.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a forward-model comparison pipeline that projects simulated dark-matter, gas, and galaxy distributions into weak-lensing convergence and X-ray maps and defines an offset/morphology likelihood against the published Bullet Cluster and Abell 520 reconstructions, including merger-geometry nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1003_2313_sub_ev_scalar_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-eV scalar dark matter through the super-renormalizable Higgs portal", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1003.2313", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No diffuse-photon-background likelihood is connected to the loop-induced phi -> gamma gamma decay line; the paper notes gamma-background constraints qualitatively but extracts no contour in (m_phi, x).", "proposed_resolution": "Map the analytic lifetime onto published decaying-dark-matter monochromatic-photon limits (cosmic optical/X-ray background and line searches) as a tabulated lifetime-versus-mass bound; low priority since the decay is negligible in the sub-eV regime the model targets.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1105_5136_fn_kev_sterile_neutrino_scenario_a_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen keV sterile-neutrino dark matter, Scenario A", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1105.5136", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No X-ray decay-line likelihood is wired to the model: the radiative decay rate follows analytically from M_1 and sin^2(2theta), but there is no packaged likelihood mapping (M_1, mixing) to existing X-ray line search limits for this card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard N_1 -> nu gamma decay-rate formula and interface it to published X-ray line limits (stacked galaxy/cluster and blank-sky sterile-neutrino searches) as a tabulated sin^2(2theta) vs M_1 exclusion likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1409_3227_vector_fermion_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector fermion-portal dark matter", "family": "vector_fermion_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.3227", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No runnable Galactic Center excess likelihood is bundled (likelihood_available: partial); the 20-40 GeV preferred window rests on source-era fits that cannot be re-evaluated for this model's b bbar/tau tau admixture.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a chi-square likelihood from published GC-excess spectra with correlated systematics (e.g. the Calore-Cholis-Weniger covariance) and evaluate the model's predicted spectrum over (m_X, m_psi, g_Xf).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_00415_iss23_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "ISS(2,3) sterile-neutrino dark matter from small lepton-number violation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.00415", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable X-ray line likelihood is bundled for the keV radiative-decay signal; the card only cites literature limits qualitatively (con_iss23_xray_stability: likelihood_available partial, recasting_needed yes), so exclusion in the (m_DM, sin^2 2theta) plane cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the standard stacked X-ray (e.g. NuSTAR/XMM/Chandra blank-sky and cluster) limit curves on sin^2 2theta versus m_DM into a reusable likelihood table and wire it into the s3 recast step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_01259_neutrinophilic_model_ii_scalar_z3_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic thermal dark matter Model II", "family": "neutrinophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.01259", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, reusable DUNE near-detector mono-neutrino forward simulation and likelihood exists for this Z3 semi-annihilating neutrinophilic model: the signal event generation (charged-current scattering with dark-sector radiation), background templates, and charge-identification-dependent selections behind the paper's Poisson binned log-likelihood projection are not released, so the DUNE reach cannot be independently evaluated or extended beyond the paper's benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the neutrinophilic mediator model in a neutrino-beam event generator (e.g. a GENIE/NuWro extension or MadGraph with DUNE flux inputs), rebuild the wrong-sign-lepton and missing-pT background templates for the liquid and gas argon near detectors, and package the binned Poisson log-likelihood with configurable detector-performance assumptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_01259_neutrinophilic_model_iii_coannihilating_dirac_u1_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic thermal dark matter Model III", "family": "neutrinophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.01259", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, reusable DUNE near-detector mono-neutrino likelihood exists for this neutrinophilic model: the signal event generation (missing transverse momentum plus wrong-sign charged leptons in liquid/gas argon), background templates, and charge-identification/detector-response assumptions live only inside the paper's private projection.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the neutrinophilic scalar-mediator radiation process in a neutrino event generator (GENIE with a BSM module, or a MadGraph/UFO implementation convolved with the DUNE flux), fold in published DUNE near-detector performance parameters for p_T^miss and lepton charge ID, and release a binned Poisson log-likelihood validated against the paper's democratic and hierarchical flavor-benchmark reach contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_11646_fourth_generation_dark_atom_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-generation helium-bound dark atom scenario", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.11646", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for anomalous-helium isotope searches or dark-atom direct searches applicable to this model (all three card constraints have likelihood_available: no), so even a completed transport calculation cannot be turned into quantitative exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published anomalous-helium/heavy-isotope search limits and package them as an abundance-versus-mass-and-charge exclusion likelihood module that consumes the terrestrial number density predicted by the transport calculation of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_14469_invisible_dilaton_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Invisible dilaton misalignment dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_misalignment_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.14469", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast exists mapping MICROSCOPE weak-equivalence-principle data and atomic-clock oscillation searches onto the quadratic, oscillating, composition-dependent coupling of the invisible dilaton; published alpha bounds apply to linear dilaton couplings and are not plug-and-play for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the Eotvos-parameter and clock-frequency-shift signal templates for a quadratically coupled oscillating condensate including the screening factor, then recast the published MICROSCOPE WEP limit and existing atomic-clock dark-matter likelihoods into (m_phi, Lambda_f) space, releasing the mapping as a lightweight likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9809547_fermionic_superheavy_x_vacuum_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic superheavy X-particle from vacuum fluctuations", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9809547", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The UHECR constraint on the card is a historical SUGAR anisotropy recast with likelihood_available 'no'; no modern end-to-end likelihood combines superheavy-X decay fragmentation spectra, a Galactic-halo decay template, and current Auger/TA exposure and composition data to constrain (m_X, tau_X, Omega_X).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a pipeline using HDMSpectra for X decay spectra at m_X above 1e13 GeV, a Milky-Way halo decay template with CRPropa propagation, and published Auger flux/photon-fraction/anisotropy limits, packaged as a tau_X-versus-m_X exclusion likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_13407_tdsidm_smbh_seed_v1", "model_name": "Nearly totally dissipative self-interacting dark matter SMBH-seeding model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13407", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for comparing the predicted SMBH seed catalog to high-redshift quasar luminosity functions, the M_BH-sigma relation, or the cosmic SMBH mass density; the paper makes only qualitative comparisons with unpackaged observational systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from published z>=6 quasar luminosity-function measurements (e.g. SHELLQs/SDSS compilations) and local SMBH demographics, including duty-cycle and Eddington-ratio nuisance parameters, so that (sigma/m, f_diss, M0) can be constrained statistically.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_03232_z8_z22_flavonic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z8 x Z22 flavonic dark matter", "family": "flavonic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03232", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood or digitized exclusion curve exists for mapping the axial flavon's two-photon decay (meV-keV mass range) onto the 16-yr INTEGRAL/SPI light decaying dark matter limits; only a qualitative figure-level comparison was possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published INTEGRAL/SPI lifetime-versus-mass exclusion curves (arXiv:2209.06299) into a tabulated likelihood module for photon-line decays, and apply it to the (m_a, g_a_gamma_gamma) plane implied by the (N, f) flavour benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1105_5136_fn_kev_sterile_neutrino_scenario_b_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen keV sterile-neutrino dark matter, Scenario B", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1105.5136", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray decay constraint on the FN-predicted active-sterile mixing is only qualitative: no digitized keV X-ray line-limit tables or likelihood are attached to compare the computed N_1 -> nu gamma lifetime against observations target by target.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sin^2(2theta) from the FN Yukawa textures, evaluate the radiative width analytically, and confront it with a compiled table of published X-ray line limits (XMM-Newton, Chandra, NuSTAR, eROSITA) interpolated in (M_1, sin^2(2theta)).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_5902_hidden_photon_misalignment_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden photon misalignment cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5902", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FIRAS spectral-distortion exclusion on resonant hidden-photon conversion exists only as an undigitized plot-level contour in the primary paper, so no quantitative likelihood in the (m_gamma_prime, chi) plane can be applied in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the FIRAS mu/y exclusion contour, or better, recompute it as a proper likelihood by folding the conversion-probability calculation through the FIRAS monopole-spectrum residuals, and store the result as a (m_gamma_prime, chi) likelihood table in the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02699_spin_flipped_vectorlike_scalar_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spin-flipped gauged U(1) model with singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "fermionic_leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02699", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable flavor likelihood exists for the variant's loop-induced b-s-Z-prime coupling including the possible scalar-leptoquark C9prime = -C10prime contributions; the card records likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes for con_spinflipped_flavor_constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the variant's one-loop Wilson-coefficient matching (C9, C9prime, C10prime as functions of f-prime, m_Qprime, m_Zprime) as a flavio/smelli model wrapper and evaluate the global b -> s l l plus B_s mixing likelihood over the variant parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_liouville_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Liouville-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No FRB-lensing likelihood exists that converts a compact-object mass function and fraction f_DM into constraints or forecasts from observed FRB catalogs; the route's optical-depth calculation is a forecast mapping with no statistical pipeline for current CHIME/ASKAP FRB samples.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an FRB millisecond-lensing likelihood module: point-lens optical depth over the observed FRB redshift distribution with instrumental time-resolution selection, taking (M_L, f_DM) grids as input and validated against published FRB compact-object constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2201_05412_majoron_semiannihilating_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majoron-assisted semi-annihilating Z3 scalar dark matter", "family": "semi_annihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.05412", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the box-shaped neutrino spectrum from Majoron decay at Hyper-Kamiokande or for the boosted-DM/neutrino coincidence signature at DUNE; only paper-level projections are available.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an event-rate recast using published Hyper-K/Super-K effective areas and atmospheric-neutrino backgrounds for a box spectrum parameterized by (m_chi, m_J), and extend the published DUNE semi-annihilation study into a reusable likelihood over (m_chi, <sigma v>_semi, scattering cross section).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1901_01259_neutrinophilic_model_ib_dirac_z2_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic thermal dark matter Model IB", "family": "neutrinophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.01259", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, reusable DUNE near-detector mono-neutrino forward simulation and likelihood exists for this neutrinophilic model: the signal event generation (charged-current scattering with dark-sector radiation), background templates, and charge-identification-dependent selections behind the paper's Poisson binned log-likelihood projection are not released, so the DUNE reach cannot be independently evaluated or updated for other parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the neutrinophilic mediator model in a neutrino-beam event generator (e.g. a GENIE/NuWro extension or MadGraph with DUNE flux inputs), rebuild the wrong-sign-lepton and missing-pT background templates for the liquid and gas argon near detectors, and package the binned Poisson log-likelihood with configurable detector-performance assumptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_3891_inverse_seesaw_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.3891", "score": 15.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No LFV likelihood exists for the charged-lepton flavour-violating decays driven by Y_nu and the inverse-seesaw mu_S term; the card records only paper-era bounds with texture-dependent applicability and no rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute mu->e gamma, mu->3e, and mu-e conversion with SPheno/FlavorKit output from the SARAH implementation and compare against current MEG II/SINDRUM limits as a likelihood over the scanned flavour textures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 10, "rank_structure_formation": 12}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Collider / beam-dump recast", "n_gaps": 144, "n_models": 142, "weight": 3511.6, "n_models_structure_formation": 8, "weight_structure_formation": 228.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 54, "minor": 15, "degrades_precision": 75}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 112, "small": 25, "large": 7}, "members": [{"model_id": "1911_03176_inelastic_dark_matter_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic dark matter with a dark photon mediator", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03176", "score": 45.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public detector-level likelihood or recast module exists for the BaBar monophoton acceptance or the Belle II displaced photon-plus-dilepton/hadron vertex search applied to long-lived chi_2 decays; exclusions depend on unpublished escape-probability, veto, and trigger assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the BaBar monophoton and Belle II displaced-vertex analyses as recast cards in a long-lived-particle framework (e.g. a MadGraph event chain with parameterized detector geometry, photon/veto acceptances, and displaced-vertex trigger efficiencies), and publish the resulting efficiency maps as reusable likelihoods over (epsilon, m_A', m_chi1, Delta, alpha_D, c tau_chi2).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_05704_type_i_non_degenerate_2hdma_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-I non-degenerate 2HDM+a dark matter benchmark model", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.05704", "score": 42, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No validated LHC recast exists for the non-degenerate type-I 2HDM+a cascade and missing-energy benchmark topologies (h+MET, Z+MET, top-associated MET, visible heavy-Higgs cascades); existing degenerate type-II limits cannot be reused directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS Run 2 mono-Higgs, mono-Z, tt+MET and heavy-Higgs search analyses in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE, validate against at least one published mono-Higgs or mono-Z cutflow as the card's validation tests specify, and wire in the public simplified likelihoods where available.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_02514_singlet_doublet_freeze_in_fast_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet freeze-in dark matter in fast-expansion cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.02514", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public collider recast or likelihood exists for the boosted W/Z/h plus missing-momentum jet-substructure MVA search; the FeynRules/MadGraph model files used by the authors are not public, so the quoted LHC mass reach cannot be reused or reinterpreted.", "proposed_resolution": "Publish the FeynRules/UFO model files and implement the boosted-boson-plus-MET selection as a recast analysis in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE, including a simplified-likelihood surface over (m_2, c_tau, branching fractions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_00820_nonthermal_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal WIMP baryogenesis model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.00820", "score": 37.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LHC bound on the colored psi/parent state is an approximate reinterpretation of gluino searches; no dedicated recast likelihood for the model's actual production cross section and u+MET-like decay topology exists (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vectorlike color-triplet psi in MadGraph/FeynRules and recast current jets+MET searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, producing an exclusion likelihood in the (m_phi/m_psi, m_chi) plane to replace the borrowed gluino floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_07921_leptophobic_axial_zprime_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free leptophobic axial Z-prime Dirac dark matter", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07921", "score": 36.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, up-to-date collider likelihood for the leptophobic Z': the dijet/dilepton/monojet exclusions are a paper-internal recast of pre-2019 ATLAS/CMS data, with only partial likelihood availability, so production-grade constraints cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable recast of current full-Run-2 dijet, dilepton, and monojet searches (e.g. in CheckMATE, MadAnalysis 5, or Contur using the UFO model from gap_1), including the radiatively generated kinetic-mixing dilepton channel, and expose it as a likelihood over (m_Zprime, m_chi, g_B, m_s).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04488_right_sneutrino_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Right-sneutrino FIMP dark matter with long-lived stau NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04488", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public detector-level recast or likelihood exists for the long-lived stau HSCP signature of this model: the beta/time-of-flight/dE/dx selection is done with private benchmark-level cuts on Delphes output, and CMS HSCP limits are applied only as quoted mass bounds rather than as a reusable statistical implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the CMS heavy-stable-charged-particle search (time-of-flight and dE/dx selections with published efficiency maps) in a public LLP recasting framework such as the LLP Recasting Repository or HackAnalysis on top of the existing MadGraph+Pythia+Delphes chain, and expose it as an event-count likelihood for stau benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_01082_gmsugra_dfsz_axino_lsp_bino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "GmSUGRA DFSZ axino LSP with long-lived bino NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.01082", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast or reusable likelihood exists for the HL-LHC non-pointing/displaced-photon plus missing-transverse-momentum search applied to slepton cascades ending in a long-lived bino decaying to axino plus photon; the paper's detector-level efficiencies are private and only an approximate likelihood is noted.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the displaced-photon selection (timing/pointing plus MET cuts) in a public LLP recasting framework such as CheckMATE or MadAnalysis with Delphes, validate against the paper's benchmark signal yields, and publish efficiency maps over (m_chi10, m_slepton_R, tau_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_08666_neutron_dark_decay_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark-decay light-scalar dark matter model", "family": "neutron_dark_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.08666", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route's constraints are applied only as pass-fail bands (2-solar-mass cut, neutron lifetime discrepancy, invisible-Higgs interval) with likelihood_available 'no' or 'unknown' throughout; there is no combined likelihood over (m_chi, m_phi, theta, z_chi, z_n) using actual bottle/beam lifetime data, NICER/pulsar mass-radius posteriors, and LHC invisible-Higgs measurements.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a global likelihood: a Gaussian bottle-vs-beam neutron-lifetime likelihood for Br(n -> chi phi), published NICER and radio-pulsar mass(-radius) posteriors applied to the TOV output of gap_1, and the ATLAS/CMS invisible-Higgs branching likelihood, packaged for a standard sampler (e.g. as a GAMBIT or Cobaya module).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3le_scotogenic_pattern_a_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_e scotogenic pattern-A fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 34.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider likelihood or recast tables exist for the flavor-specific B-3L_e Z' with its nonstandard lepton-flavor charges; the TeV-scale dilepton bound is only a qualitative simplified-narrow-resonance statement in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the ATLAS/CMS dilepton resonance searches for the exact B-3L_e charge assignment using generator-level cross sections from MadGraph5_aMC@NLO with the released model files and a Z'-recast framework (ZPEED-style), publishing exclusion tables in the (M_Z', g') plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_11314_trilinear_augmented_gaugino_mediation_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Trilinear-augmented gaugino mediation gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.11314", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No maintained public recast of current-luminosity CMS/ATLAS heavy-stable-charged-particle searches with efficiency maps applicable to the stau-NLSP benchmarks; the card only has the Run 1 recast plus a less detailed early 13 TeV reinterpretation, so collider viability of stau-NLSP points cannot be evaluated against present data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full-Run-2 CMS HSCP search (efficiency maps and signal-region likelihood) in a long-lived-particle recast framework such as CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5 LLP, and apply it to the MadGraph+Pythia stau samples from step s3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09458_two_component_majorana_fimp_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Two-component Majorana FIMP with scalar mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09458", "score": 34, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast of LHC heavy-stable-charged-particle searches (efficiency and acceptance maps for Drell-Yan-produced long-lived charged scalars) is available; the card lists the collider constraint as likelihood_available no, so only the quoted benchmark lower mass m_eta = 430 GeV can be used.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS HSCP searches for a Drell-Yan-produced charged scalar in a recasting framework such as SModelS or CheckMATE, including lifetime-dependent acceptance, to convert the benchmark limit into a coupling- and lifetime-dependent exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3ltau_scotogenic_pattern_c_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_tau scotogenic pattern-C fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 33.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No flavor-specific Z' dilepton recast exists: the LHC bound is recorded only as 'above the TeV scale' under simplified narrow-resonance and universal-coupling assumptions, while the B-3L_tau charge assignment gives tau-rich and quark (B-charge) couplings whose branching fractions change the excluded (M_Z', g') region, as the constraint's caveats state.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published ATLAS/CMS dilepton (and ditau) resonance searches with the exact B-3L_tau charges and widths, producing exclusion tables in the (M_Z', g') plane that also feed the suppressed Z'-portal contribution to the relic calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_02098_split_fermionic_wimps_v1", "model_name": "Split fermionic WIMPs with singlet scalar Higgs portal", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.02098", "score": 33.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast or likelihood exists for the Higgs/scalar-portal sector of this model (Higgs signal strengths, invisible/exotic decays, and heavy scalar searches), leaving the collider route a placeholder that cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute mixed-scalar production rates and branching fractions (including invisible decays to psi_1) as functions of (m_s, theta, g_1) and confront them with Higgs signal-strength and heavy-scalar search likelihoods via HiggsTools (HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals successors), adding invisible-decay limits where m_s < 2 m_1 channels close.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_04964_l2_right_sneutrino_nonthermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter with L=2 masses", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.04964", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast of heavy-stable-charged-particle and long-lived-particle searches has been implemented for the dominantly right-handed stau or neutralino NLSP spectra of this model, leaving the charged-track observable unevaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast ATLAS/CMS HSCP and displaced/long-lived searches for the 300-900 GeV NLSP benchmarks using SModelS long-lived results or a MadGraph+Pythia simulation with the published HSCP efficiency maps, producing exclusion contours in the (M_NLSP, tau_NLSP) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_06341_mirror_twin_higgs_reheaton_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror Twin Higgs reheaton baryogenesis atomic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.06341", "score": 33, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model-specific collider recast or likelihood exists for the TeV-scale top-philic color-triplet scalar phi_A with Y_phi = -1/3; the card notes no detector-level collider likelihood is encoded.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO model for the visible color triplet with its top-philic and right-handed-neutrino couplings, simulate production in MadGraph, and recast existing LHC squark/leptoquark searches with SModelS or CheckMATE to obtain mass-coupling limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3lmu_scotogenic_pattern_b_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_mu scotogenic pattern-B fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 32.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider likelihood or recast tables exist for the flavor-specific B-3L_mu Z' with its muon-philic charge assignment; the TeV-scale dilepton bound quoted in the paper is a simplified narrow-resonance statement rather than a reusable exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast ATLAS/CMS dilepton (especially dimuon) resonance searches for the exact B-3L_mu charges using MadGraph5_aMC@NLO cross sections from the released model files in a ZPEED-style framework, publishing exclusions in the (M_Z', g') plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_01770_vector_portal_scalar_light_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-portal scalar light dark matter in neutrino beams", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.01770", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public packaged detector likelihood (signal efficiencies, background model, binned counts) exists for sub-GeV dark-matter scattering searches at MiniBooNE, T2K, or SHiP, so BdNMC elastic and NC pi0-like event distributions cannot be converted into statistical exclusions or sensitivities.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recasting likelihood from the published MiniBooNE dark-matter-run data release and T2K/SHiP background estimates, and package it as a module that consumes BdNMC event distributions and returns exclusion contours in (m_chi, m_V, epsilon, alpha_D).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_10139_simp_axion_portal_dark_pions_v1", "model_name": "SIMP dark pions through the axion portal", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10139", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Beam-dump, collider, and supernova ALP limits are only available as published exclusion curves for specific coupling bases; no recast pipeline maps this model's ALP coupling choice, lifetime, and branching ratios onto those searches, so the laboratory observable cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer on an existing ALP-limit framework (e.g. extend a DarkCast/ALPINIST-style package) that takes the paper's ALP-SM coupling structure, computes tau_a and branching fractions, and re-derives beam-dump/collider/supernova exclusions with correct acceptance and lifetime weighting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17037_cannibal_codecaying_forbidden_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting forbidden vector dark matter with a cannibally co-decaying phase", "family": "forbidden_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17037", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Constraints on the light Higgs-mixed scalar S (9-114 MeV, mixing theta) are assembled from per-experiment recasts with no packaged combined likelihood over beam-dump, rare-meson, and lifetime constraints, so the surviving (m_S, theta) region and NA62 projections cannot be re-evaluated systematically.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the Higgs-mixed scalar production and decay in an intensity-frontier recast framework (e.g. add the model to a DarkCast-style scalar-portal limit compilation or SensCalc) with digitized likelihoods for the beam-dump and K/B-meson searches used in the paper plus the NA62 beam-dump configuration.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_06642_fermionic_clockwork_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic Clockwork FIMP with vector-like lepton portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06642", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast or likelihood exists for pair-produced Z2-odd vector-like leptons and Clockwork gears decaying to the FIMP plus Higgs or electroweak bosons; the source discussion of LHC and 100 TeV reach is purely qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate electroweak pair production of the vector-like leptons with MadGraph+Pythia using the FeynRules model from gap_1 and recast ATLAS/CMS multilepton/electroweakino plus missing-energy searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, giving exclusion contours in the (M_D, m) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01336_t_channel_superwimp_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "Excited-bound-state t-channel superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01336", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated collider recast exists for the long-lived colored charged mediator in the cosmologically favored lifetime and compression region; limits are only mapped approximately from adjacent t-channel LLP studies.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast HSCP, displaced-vertex, and soft-object searches for the down-type colored scalar with SModelS/CheckMATE LLP modules over (m_tilde_q, Delta m, tau_mediator), targeting the superWIMP-viable lifetime band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_12485_scalar_singlet_vectorlike_quark_uv_completion_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar singlet dark matter with vector-like quark UV completion", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.12485", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for B -> K(*) + invisible with two-body dark-scalar-pair (phi phi) kinematics: the analysis relies on neutrino-like three-body efficiency maps as a proxy, and Belle II/BaBar signal efficiencies for the phi phi missing-mass spectrum have not been rerun or released in reusable form.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-current b -> s phi phi differential rate (with lattice B -> K(*) form factors) in flavio or EOS, convolve with the published Belle II q^2-binned efficiency maps to build a likelihood over (C_d^S,sb, C_d^P,sb, m_phi), and validate against the paper's quoted branching windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_19338_nmssm_singlino_higgsino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Compressed NMSSM singlino-higgsino co-annihilation dark matter scenario", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.19338", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No analysis-level likelihood exists for the ATLAS/CMS compressed-electroweakino soft-lepton searches applied to this spectrum, where higgsino-like states decay through 5-10 GeV splittings and a final few-GeV transition to the singlino LSP adds remnants too soft for SModelS simplified-model topologies to capture faithfully.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS and CMS soft-lepton plus missing-energy analyses in a full recasting framework (MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE with MadGraph+Pythia event generation of the two-step higgsino-to-singlino cascade) and combine with the experiments' published pyhf/simplified likelihoods to give a point-by-point signal likelihood for the excess-compatibility claim.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_06179_light_fermionic_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Light fermionic dark sector with dark photon and dark Higgs", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06179", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public missing-energy recast likelihood exists for this multi-state dark sector: BaBar/NA64 exclusions and Belle II projections are quoted only as epsilon reach scales for a minimal invisible dark photon, while the model's chi_2 de-excitation and dark-Higgs associated-production topologies change signal acceptance.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct acceptance maps for BaBar single-photon, NA64 missing-energy, and Belle II searches using published efficiencies (e.g. via a DarkCast-style rescaling extended to semi-visible final states with chi_2 -> chi_1 + X and V S associated production), and package them as likelihood tables over (epsilon, m_V, M_chi1, M_chi2, M_S).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_05740_decay_induced_freeze_in_baryogenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decay-induced freeze-in baryogenesis scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05740", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast likelihood package exists for LHC displaced-lepton searches applied to the long-lived vectorlike leptons; the card cites only an illustrative existing exclusion (F_1 up to about 400-500 GeV) that is benchmark- and flavor-dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast ATLAS/CMS displaced-lepton and heavy-stable-charged-particle searches for pair-produced vectorlike leptons over the (M_i, c*tau_Fi) plane using MadGraph plus a public LLP recasting framework, and publish the efficiency tables as a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_08854_lmu_ltau_complex_scalar_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged L_mu-L_tau complex-scalar self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08854", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable recast/likelihood code exists for the light L_mu-L_tau Z prime laboratory constraints in this model: NA64-e missing-energy limits (loop-induced electron coupling with model-dependent invisible branching), neutrino trident and CCFR bounds, and the muon g-2 band must each be re-derived by hand for the dark-charge q, m_Zprime, gprime point being tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the L_mu-L_tau Z prime with dark-sector branching ratios in a fixed-target/precision recast framework (e.g. a DarkCast-style or GAMBIT-style module) that encodes the NA64-e, neutrino-scattering, and g-2 exclusions as functions of (m_Zprime, gprime, BR_invisible), including the one-loop electron coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_08854_lmu_ltau_dirac_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged L_mu-L_tau Dirac self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08854", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable recast/likelihood code exists for the light L_mu-L_tau Z prime laboratory constraints in this model: NA64-e missing-energy limits (loop-induced electron coupling with model-dependent invisible branching), neutrino trident and CCFR bounds, and the muon g-2 band must each be re-derived by hand for the dark-charge q, m_Zprime, gprime point being tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the L_mu-L_tau Z prime with dark-sector branching ratios in a fixed-target/precision recast framework (e.g. a DarkCast-style or GAMBIT-style module) that encodes the NA64-e, neutrino-scattering, and g-2 exclusions as functions of (m_Zprime, gprime, BR_invisible), including the one-loop electron coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02997_right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino dark matter with forbidden annihilation", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02997", "score": 30, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast exists mapping future lepton-collider Higgs-portal scalar sensitivities onto the (lambda_Hphi, m_phi) thermalization floor identified by the paper, so the collider-visibility observable cannot be quantitatively evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published light-scalar Higgs-mixing projections (e.g. ILC/FCC-ee exotic Higgs decay and scalar-strahlung studies, as in 1710.01585) into limits on lambda_Hphi versus m_phi and overlay the thermal-equilibrium lower bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_09719_composite_neutrino_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite neutrino-portal dark matter from a light hidden sector", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.09719", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing ATLAS/CMS HNL search acceptances do not cover this model's topologies: associated dark-matter production changes missing momentum and cut efficiencies for prompt, displaced, and long-lived composite singlet neutrinos, and no adapted recast or MATHUSLA/HL-LHC projection pipeline exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dedicated recast: generate N production with associated DM in MadGraph with a UFO of the effective model, pass through Delphes-based re-implementations of the ATLAS/CMS prompt and displaced HNL searches (MadAnalysis5/CheckMATE recast databases), and add a decay-in-volume estimate for MATHUSLA-type far detectors as a function of (m_N, U_N, c tau_N).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_19598_scalar_decoupled_light_higgsino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-decoupled light-higgsino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.19598", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast of the ATLAS/CMS compressed-electroweakino soft-lepton and disappearing/displaced-track searches is valid for the finite-gaugino MSSM mass splittings of this scenario; simplified pure-higgsino limits overstate the reach and the relevant detector efficiencies are not packaged.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS soft-lepton and disappearing-track analyses in a public recast framework (CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5) with efficiency maps parameterized in (M_C1, Delta M_plus, Delta M_0), driven by SLHA spectra from a standard MSSM spectrum calculator, and validate against the published simplified-model exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_02357_singlet_quintuplet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Well-tempered singlet-quintuplet fermion WIMP", "family": "coannihilating_wimp", "arxiv": "1804.02357", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the displaced-lepton and disappearing-track searches on the compressed quintuplet spectrum; the card marks likelihood_available no for both collider constraints and the source bound (five-plet masses below about 280 GeV) is a one-off recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS disappearing-track and displaced-lepton analyses for pair-produced quintuplet states in a long-lived-particle recast framework (CheckMATE, HackAnalysis, or the SModelS LLP database), parameterized by M, theta, and M-m, and validate against the quoted 280 GeV bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_02357_singlet_triplet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Well-tempered singlet-triplet fermion WIMP", "family": "coannihilating_wimp", "arxiv": "1804.02357", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the disappearing-track and soft-dilepton searches on the compressed singlet-triplet spectrum; both collider constraints are marked likelihood_available no and the source exclusions are one-off recasts sensitive to soft-lepton reconstruction thresholds.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS disappearing-track and compressed-spectrum soft-dilepton analyses in a recast framework (CheckMATE, MadAnalysis 5 PAD, or SModelS with its LLP database), parameterized by M, theta, and M-m, validating against the source-paper exclusion of the small-mixing relic strip.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_0864_down_scattering_excited_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Down-scattering excited Dark Matter", "family": "excited_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.0864", "score": 29.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Collider constraints on the charged scalars X1 and X2 rest on a quoted CMS 7 TeV HSCP bound; no modern LHC recast (Run 2 HSCP and charged-scalar searches) is implemented for this spectrum, and the card marks likelihood_available as no.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS 13 TeV HSCP and long-lived charged-particle searches for the X1 (long-lived, ~3.8 TeV) and X2 (sub-TeV) states using an existing recast framework such as SModelS or CheckMATE with the model's production cross sections from MadGraph.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5300_goldstini_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Goldstini decaying dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5300", "score": 29, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for goldstini signatures: LOSP decays to goldstino/gravitino with missing energy or displaced objects have no public model implementation or mapped LHC analysis, so the collider route cannot produce exclusions even for a chosen spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Define benchmark superpartner spectra, implement the goldstini couplings in a UFO model for MadGraph/Pythia/Delphes, and recast current ATLAS/CMS missing-energy and displaced-vertex searches in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_05601_750gev_complex_scalar_freezein_kev_v1", "model_name": "750 GeV complex-scalar portal keV freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05601", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or modern recast exists for the collimated photon-pair signature (s -> aa -> 4 gamma mimicking diphotons): the constraint is a historical 750 GeV geometric cut with likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: partial.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the light-pseudoscalar collimated-photon topology with a MadGraph plus detector-simulation (Delphes) pipeline including photon-pair merging at ECAL angular resolution, and confront it with current ATLAS/CMS high-mass diphoton and photon-jet search likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_02640_pseudo_goldstone_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Goldstone-mediated sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.02640", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No experiment-specific recast quantifies the suppression of canonical heavy-neutral-lepton signals at DUNE/SHiP-like searches when exotic N -> rho decays dominate: existing HNL sensitivity curves assume active-mixing-only decay widths and there is no likelihood including the exotic branching fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public HNL sensitivity framework (e.g. the decay-volume geometry codes used for SHiP/DUNE projections) to include the rho decay channel in the total width and visible branching ratios, and re-derive exclusion contours in (M_N2,3, mixing, f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_07723_u1d_pseudo_dirac_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D pseudo-Dirac dark matter with dark-Higgs bound states", "family": "dark_sector_bound_state_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.07723", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No LHC likelihood is wired in for the darkonium resonance signal: the visible-resonance cross section from s2 has no recast pipeline against ATLAS/CMS dilepton/dijet resonance searches including acceptance and branching-ratio assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast public ATLAS/CMS narrow dilepton and dijet resonance limits (cross section times branching ratio versus mass) into a likelihood over (m_chi, epsilon, alpha_D), including the visible-versus-dark branching fraction computed from the model's decay channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_06642_scalar_clockwork_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar Clockwork FIMP Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06642", "score": 29, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast or likelihood exists for the displaced b-jets plus missing energy signature of TeV-scale gear decays a1 -> h a0 at the LHC or a 100 TeV collider; the source discussion is qualitative only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement gear pair/associated production in MadGraph with the Clockwork UFO model, compute gear decay lengths, and recast existing long-lived-particle displaced-jet searches using CheckMATE or MadAnalysis LLP modules; extend to 100 TeV projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_2360_rh_sneutrino_condensate_bdm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino condensate baryon-dark matter model", "family": "supersymmetric_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.2360", "score": 28, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The long-lived NLSP collider signature has no detector-level treatment: no route step computes tau_NLSP for the very weak lambda_N regime and no LHC long-lived-particle search likelihood or recast exists for this scenario (the card explicitly flags the absence of a detector-level likelihood).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive tau_NLSP(lambda_N, m_NLSP, m_N) analytically from the N H_u L operator and recast existing LHC displaced-vertex and heavy-stable-charged-particle searches (e.g. via CheckMATE or SModelS long-lived-particle results) onto the (lambda_N, m_NLSP) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_0288_inert_doublet_single_higgs_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet single-Higgs-inflation dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.0288", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LEP/electroweak/Higgs constraint set (m_H0, m_A0, m_H+ exclusions and the invisible width) has likelihood_available 'no' and recasting_needed 'yes', with no packaged recast of LEP neutralino-search limits onto inert-scalar spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (HiggsTools) to the invisible-width prediction and encode the published LEP inert-doublet recast (m_H0/m_A0 splitting plane) as a digitized exclusion likelihood for the collider_route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_00117_leptonic_scalar_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic minimal scalar FIMP freeze-in model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.00117", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable efficiency maps or reusable likelihood for the HSCP, disappearing-track, and displaced-lepton recasts that define the m_F versus c_tau_F exclusion envelope; the paper's recast cannot be reproduced or updated from the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the recast in the MadAnalysis 5 or CheckMATE long-lived-particle modules using the published ATLAS/CMS efficiency tables for HSCP, disappearing-track, and displaced-lepton searches, validating against the primary paper's leptonic exclusion figure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17157_light_vector_simp_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Light-vector-meson dark pion SIMP model", "family": "strongly_interacting_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.17157", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No reusable likelihood or recast exists for confronting the model's semi-visible/emerging-jet and displaced-vertex signatures with ATLAS/CMS dark-shower searches over the (m_pi, m_rho, epsilon) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the existing ATLAS/CMS emerging-jet and displaced-vertex searches in a public framework (MadAnalysis5/CheckMATE-style) using the gap_2 shower samples, and publish efficiency maps over lifetime and mass ratio.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_vector_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal vector millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized exclusion curves or likelihood exist for recasting BaBar/NA64 invisible dark-photon searches (and Belle II/LDMX projections) into this model's near-resonant (epsilon, m_Aprime, e_D) parameter space; the card records the bounds only qualitatively with an ambiguous coupling normalization.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published BaBar and NA64 invisible-A' exclusion curves, verify the invisible branching ratio is near unity across the scanned e_D range, and recast via Darkcast-style rate rescaling into the EDGES-motivated parameter plane, packaging the result as a reusable exclusion map or approximate likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_02906_so10_split_susy_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) split-SUSY neutralino dark matter with non-universal gaugino masses", "family": "neutralino_split_supersymmetry_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.02906", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Collider viability is enforced by approximate LEP thresholds and gluino-mass cuts rather than simplified-model likelihoods, which is unreliable for the compressed higgsino-like chargino/neutralino spectra that dominate the surviving dark-matter strip.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the weak-scale spectra through SModelS/CheckMATE including soft-lepton and disappearing-track electroweakino searches to replace the flat LEP/LHC cuts with per-point exclusion likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03762_cp_even_sneutrino_nmssm_type_i_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "CP-even sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM with Type-I seesaw", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03762", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented LHC 2l+MET electroweakino recast exists for compressed Higgsino spectra decaying to a sneutrino LSP; the claim that favored regions survive direct searches is qualitative and cannot be checked against current or future data.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate Higgsino-like chargino/neutralino production with the modified decay chains to the sneutrino LSP (MadGraph plus Pythia) and recast the ATLAS/CMS compressed-spectrum dilepton+MET searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, producing exclusion contours in the (m_chargino, m_snu1) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_07920_bl_2hdm_right_handed_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L two-Higgs-doublet thermal right-handed neutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.07920", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Collider exclusions on the B-L/U(1)_X Z-prime are only figure-level in the paper; no machine-readable ATLAS/CMS dijet, dilepton, top-pair, and monojet recast grid exists for this model's charge assignments and branching ratios.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the relevant ATLAS/CMS resonance limits and build a ZPEED-style fast Z-prime exclusion code parameterized by (m_Zprime, g_X, branching ratios), cross-checking qualitatively against the paper's exclusion overlays.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11944_charged_meson_vector_portal_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charged-meson vector-portal inelastic dark matter benchmark", "family": "vector_portal_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11944", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The visible/invisible dark-photon constraint recast (NA64, E141, BaBar) under the model's mixed 50/50 branching benchmark is only an approximate curve rescaling because the original experimental likelihoods are unavailable, so exclusion contours for non-benchmark branching fractions cannot be computed reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public dark-photon recasting tool such as DarkCast to handle arbitrary visible/invisible branching splits of V1 (and the two-mediator V1/V2 case), using the published NA64 missing-energy and E141/BaBar visible-search yields to build branching-dependent limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_dr_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "d_R t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No recast likelihood exists for the LHC constraints on the (3,1)_{1/3} colored mediator across its prompt jets+MET, long-lived-particle, and mediator bound-state resonance regimes; the card records likelihood_available: no and that search efficiencies were not reproduced, so the compressed and small-coupling regions cannot be statistically evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO implementation of the d_R model for MG5_aMC@NLO and recast the relevant ATLAS/CMS jets+MET, heavy-stable-charged-particle/LLP, and dijet bound-state resonance searches in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE, exposing the result as an (m_X, Delta m, g_DM) exclusion likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_ql_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "q_L t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No recast likelihood exists for the LHC constraints on the (3,2)_{1/6} colored mediator across its prompt jets+MET, long-lived-particle, and mediator bound-state resonance regimes; the card records likelihood_available: no and that search efficiencies were not reproduced, so the compressed and small-coupling regions cannot be statistically evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO implementation of the q_L model for MG5_aMC@NLO and recast the relevant ATLAS/CMS jets+MET, LLP, and dijet bound-state resonance searches in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE, exposing the result as an (m_X, Delta m, g_DM) exclusion likelihood covering both doublet components.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_ur_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "u_R t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No recast likelihood exists for the LHC constraints on the (3,1)_{2/3} colored mediator across its prompt jets+MET, long-lived-particle, and mediator bound-state resonance regimes; the card records likelihood_available: no and that search efficiencies were not reproduced, so the compressed and small-coupling regions cannot be statistically evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO implementation of the u_R model for MG5_aMC@NLO and recast the relevant ATLAS/CMS jets+MET, LLP, and dijet bound-state resonance searches in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE, exposing the result as an (m_X, Delta m, g_DM) exclusion likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0406076_branon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Branon dark matter with thermal and misalignment production", "family": "branon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0406076", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Collider constraints exist only as an undigitized figure-level LEP-II single-photon plus Tevatron-I monojet exclusion; no machine-readable f-M contour or modern mono-photon/monojet likelihood recast is available for the branon EFT.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the gap_1 UFO model, recast current LHC mono-photon and monojet analyses with MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE (restricted to EFT-valid kinematics) and digitize the historical LEP-II/Tevatron contour as a validation target, publishing the resulting f-M exclusion as a reusable interpolated likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1465_u1r_u1bl_rh_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter in supersymmetric U(1)_R U(1)_{B-L} seesaw model", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1465", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The collider bound on M_Zprime/v_R is a historical ATLAS translation (recasting_needed yes, likelihood_available no); no current LHC dilepton Z-prime search recast to the BLR gauge couplings exists on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS high-mass dilepton limits into the BLR Z-prime coupling structure to update the m_Zprime-to-v_R translation used to bound the relic-pole scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5244_cnmssm_singlino_stau_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Constrained NMSSM singlino LSP with stau-NLSP coannihilation", "family": "singlino_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5244", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented recast likelihood exists for the 7 TeV ATLAS/CMS multilepton, ditau, and jets+MET selections applied to singlino-LSP cascades with soft taus from the small stau-neutralino splitting; cMSSM efficiency tables cannot be reused because the extra bino-to-singlino cascade softens MET and adds visible objects.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS SUSY analyses (7 TeV originals or, preferably, modern 13 TeV multilepton/ditau+MET successors) in a public recast framework such as MadAnalysis5-PAD or CheckMATE, generate cNMSSM singlino-cascade event samples with the NMSSMTools+MadGraph+Pythia+Delphes chain, and validate against the efficiency-ratio pattern reported in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_11115_a4_dirac_neutrino_fimp_v1", "model_name": "A4 Dirac-neutrino FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.11115", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No wired likelihood connects the model's (lambda_H_eta, m_eta) plane to LHC Higgs invisible/exotic-width data or its A4 flavon alignment to global neutrino oscillation fits; the card records qualitative consistency statements only, so precision exclusion of the collider and flavor parameter space cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the mother scalar onto the standard scalar-singlet Higgs-portal parameterization and evaluate it with a public Higgs-likelihood package (Lilith/HiggsTools-style invisible-width likelihood), and implement the A4 alignment's predicted (theta_23, delta_CP) correlation against a current NuFIT chi-square surface, exposing both as reusable likelihood modules for this card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03025_flipped_su5_light_neutralino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) light neutralino/slepton coannihilation scenario", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03025", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider or g-2 likelihood is implemented for the scan: LHC compressed-spectrum slepton/electroweakino search limits and the muon g-2 comparison are quoted only at source level, and the paper's non-universal spectra invalidate direct reuse of CMSSM exclusion contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a constraint module combining GM2Calc for Delta a_mu against the current experimental average with SModelS/CheckMATE recasts of ATLAS/CMS compressed slepton and electroweakino searches applied point-by-point to the flipped-SU(5) SLHA spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_09973_fourth_generation_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-generation U-antiquark dark atoms", "family": "dark_atom_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.09973", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint is only a quoted ~1 TeV R-hadron mass floor from older LHC searches; no current recast or likelihood exists for a stable charge +2/3 fourth-generation U (anti)quark hadronizing into heavy stable charged hadrons, which the card flags as requiring recast before use.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the latest ATLAS/CMS heavy stable charged particle (HSCP/R-hadron) searches for a stable up-type fourth-generation quark, generating signal samples with MadGraph+Pythia using standard R-hadron hadronization and charge-exchange scenarios, and publish the resulting m_U exclusion as a reusable limit table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01379_alternative_su3_4_leptonic_color_v1", "model_name": "Alternative [SU(3)]^4 leptonic-color dark matter model", "family": "leptonic_color_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01379", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Z prime dilepton constraint rests on 2016 13 TeV limits translated by hand with benchmark c_u,d coefficients and B_ll ~ 0.044; no current ATLAS/CMS Run-2/Run-3 high-mass dilepton likelihood has been recast onto this model's (m_Zprime, g_R, g_X) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the latest full-Run-2 ATLAS/CMS dilepton resonance searches (e.g. via the published sigma x B limit curves in a recasting framework such as ZPEED-style code or MadGraph plus the experiments' HEPData limits) onto the alternative left-right Z prime couplings to obtain an up-to-date exclusion in m_Zprime versus couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5244_snmssm_singlino_lsp_benchmark_lines_v1", "model_name": "Semi-constrained NMSSM singlino-like neutralino LSP benchmark lines", "family": "singlino_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5244", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented recast likelihood exists for ATLAS/CMS jets+MET searches applied to sNMSSM benchmark lines where the bino-to-singlino cascade reduces 2/3-jet+MET efficiencies by factors of 1/3 to 1/7; cMSSM exclusion contours and efficiency tables cannot be reused directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the jets+MET analyses (7 TeV originals or modern 13 TeV successors) in MadAnalysis5-PAD or CheckMATE, run the NMSSMTools+MadGraph+Pythia+Delphes chain over the three benchmark lines, and validate the recast against the paper's 1/3-1/7 efficiency-drop envelope and 0.9-0.75 M_1/2 bound reductions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_06893_super_natural_mssm_nonthermal_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Super-Natural MSSM with nonthermal axino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.06893", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LHC heavy-stable-charged-particle bound on the long-lived stau is only quoted from ATLAS plots; no efficiency-map-based likelihood is connected for this spectrum, including the intermediate 100 m - 30 km decay-length variants where detector-stable and displaced regimes mix.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS HSCP searches for direct-plus-cascade stau production using published efficiency maps (e.g. via the SModelS long-lived-particle database) with the lifetime-dependent in-detector decay fraction from c tau_stau.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03762_cp_odd_sneutrino_nmssm_type_i_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "CP-odd sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM with Type-I seesaw", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03762", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented LHC 2l+MET electroweakino recast exists for compressed Higgsino spectra decaying to a CP-odd sneutrino LSP; the claim that favored regions survive direct searches is qualitative and cannot be checked against current or future data.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate Higgsino-like chargino/neutralino production with the modified decay chains to the sneutrino LSP (MadGraph plus Pythia) and recast the ATLAS/CMS compressed-spectrum dilepton+MET searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, producing exclusion contours in the (m_chargino, m_snu1) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_13269_scale_invariant_vector_fimp_prebbn_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant Higgs-portal vector FIMP in a fast pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.13269", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level likelihood or acceptance model is stored for the light-scalar long-lived-particle reach at FASER, MATHUSLA, DUNE, and SHiP; only the paper's projection curves exist, so facility reach cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Use FORESEE for the FASER reach of the Higgs-mixed light scalar and construct geometry-plus-lifetime acceptance models for MATHUSLA, DUNE, and SHiP from their published sensitivity documents, exposing reach as a function of (sin theta, m_h2).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_00417_u1x_remnant_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_X remnant scalar dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00417", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LHC recast exists for the pp -> Z'Z' -> 4-lepton topology with a few-hundred-MeV kinetically mixed Z' produced through heavy-scalar decay; the paper explicitly leaves the collider analysis to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in MadGraph with the kinetic-mixing decay table, simulate the collimated lepton-pair signature, and recast existing ATLAS/CMS multilepton and dark-photon searches (e.g. via CheckMATE/Contur) into limits on (m_Zprime, epsilon, heavy scalar mass).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_01962_dark_z_fermionic_dm_extra_higgs_doublet_v1", "model_name": "Dark-Z-mediated fermionic dark matter with an extra Higgs doublet", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.01962", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recasting pipeline or likelihood exists for the long-lived dark-Z displaced-vertex signal: mapping (lifetime, production rate) to ATLAS/CMS Run 3 and SHiP reach requires detector acceptance and efficiency maps for MeV-scale displaced lepton pairs that are only available as the source paper's projection, not as a reusable tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark-Z production and displaced-decay signature in an LLP recasting framework (e.g. MadGraph event generation plus the SHiP/ATLAS displaced-vertex efficiency maps as used in existing dark-photon LLP recasts), reproducing the quoted 7-150 MeV LHC and 2m_e-15 MeV SHiP reach windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_02337_susy_422_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "SUSY 4-2-2 GUT neutralino dark matter with lepton-flavor violation", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.02337", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider selection uses static gluino/Higgs/B-physics cuts from the paper; no up-to-date recast of LHC electroweakino, smuon, and stau searches exists for the light electroweak spectra favored by the muon g-2 condition.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the surviving SLHA spectra through SModelS and CheckMATE/MadAnalysis 5 implementations of current ATLAS/CMS slepton, stau, and electroweakino searches to replace the legacy mass cuts with proper per-point exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_2543_parallel_universe_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Parallel-universe dark atomic matter with Higgs mixing", "family": "parallel_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.2543", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current collider likelihood is available on the card for the mixed two-Higgs system: the constraints use only 8 TeV ATLAS/CMS inputs (BR_inv < 0.65, old signal strengths), and evaluating today's exclusions requires a combined signal-strength plus invisible-width fit that treats the two unresolved mass eigenstates coherently.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the theta-scaled coupling pattern of the h1/h2 pair in HiggsTools (HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds) or Lilith, summing overlapping-peak contributions, and confront it with Run 2 signal-strength combinations and current invisible-Higgs limits (BR_inv of order 0.1).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0710_1883_r_invariant_new_inflation_gmsb_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-invariant new-inflation gauge-mediated gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.1883", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern LHC recast exists for the GMSB spectra of this scenario; the primary text is pre-LHC and con_lhc_gmsb_spectrum has likelihood_available unknown, so collider viability of the benchmark cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Once benchmark spectra exist (gap_1), recast current LHC SUSY searches with public recast tools such as SModelS or CheckMATE for both neutralino- and stau-NLSP limiting cases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1685_zee_babu_u1bl_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Zee-Babu global U(1) B-L complex scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1685", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Charged-scalar mass bounds and the Higgs diphoton modification are only summarized at paper-era values (likelihood_available unknown); no current LHC charged-scalar search recast or Higgs signal-strength likelihood is implemented for the h+/k++ sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS doubly- and singly-charged scalar searches for the Zee-Babu states and evaluate the H->gamma gamma shift against current signal-strength data using a public Higgs-fit package such as HiggsSignals or Lilith.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_05290_su5_u1x_zprime_portal_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) U(1)_X Z-prime portal right-handed neutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.05290", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable likelihood or model-specific recast exists for LHC dilepton limits on the SU(5) U(1)_X Z-prime with x_H = -4/5: the paper rescales sequential-Z-prime limit curves approximately, and both the relic band and the dilepton bound carry recasting_needed = yes with no digitized limit product.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_X model with x_H = -4/5 as a FeynRules/UFO file, compute pp -> Z' -> l+l- with MadGraph at NLO parton luminosities, and confront the latest ATLAS/CMS 139 fb^-1 dilepton limit curves using a dedicated Z-prime dilepton likelihood tool such as ZPEED, releasing the resulting alpha_X(m_Z') bound as a digitized product.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_03404_mirrored_gut_composite_adm_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored GUT composite asymmetric dark baryon model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.03404", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The beam-dump and SN1987A dark-photon constraints on the mirrored dark photon are not digitized or implemented; the card only quotes the paper's statement that epsilon=10^-7-10^-10 with m_A_prime of O(10-100) MeV is safe, with likelihood_available 'no'.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model into an existing dark-photon constraint framework such as DarkCast, adjusting branching fractions for decays into dark hadrons, and produce digitized exclusion curves in the (m_A_prime, epsilon) plane for this model's spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_03404_mirrored_gut_composite_adm_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored GUT composite asymmetric dark baryon model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.03404", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No acceptance or likelihood tooling exists to map MATHUSLA/FASER/SeaQuest/Belle-II/LHCb visible dark-hadron decay projections, derived for a related composite-ADM benchmark with epsilon~1e-4, onto the mirrored-GUT benchmark with epsilon=10^-7-10^-10 and its specific dark hadron lifetimes.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute dark-hadron production rates and lab-frame lifetimes from the spectrum module and kinetic mixing, then rerun the related study's detector-acceptance geometry (decay-volume Monte Carlo) for this parameter region to obtain reach curves valid at small epsilon.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m1_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with right-handed scalar mediator Model 1", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "LHC colored-mediator searches and neutral-meson-mixing constraints have no flavor-texture-specific recast for this model, so mediator bounds exist only as generic statements rather than exclusions on (M, Yukawa) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LHC pair-production/dijet searches for the (3,1)_{2/3} scalar and compute meson-mixing observables for candidate flavor textures with an existing flavor tool (e.g. flavio) extended by the model's Wilson coefficients.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_10514_z2_z2_two_inert_doublet_3hdm_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2 x Z2 two-inert-doublet 3HDM two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.10514", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The distinguishing collider signatures (h -> H1 H2 cascades, multilepton/dijet plus missing energy from the doubled inert spectrum) have no recast: LHC search efficiencies and likelihoods for these two-component compressed-spectrum final states are not encoded in any public recasting framework for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS electroweakino-like and mono-X analyses for the inert-3HDM benchmarks in MadAnalysis5/CheckMATE (reusing existing validated analysis cards), and publish efficiency maps over the (m_H1, m_H2, Delta m) plane so exclusion limits can be interpolated without full simulation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1997_high_scale_messenger_darkogenesis_v1", "model_name": "High-scale darkogenesis with leptodark messenger sphaleron transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1997", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Constraints on the chiral leptodark messenger sector rest on 2010-era LEP mass limits and a degenerate-limit S parameter estimate; no modern LHC electroweak-production recast, current precision-electroweak fit, or invisible-Z-width/monojet likelihood has been applied to the messenger and mixing parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the leptodark doublet/singlet sector in FeynRules/UFO, recast current LHC slepton- and electroweakino-like searches and monojet analyses (CheckMATE/MadAnalysis), and evaluate S,T,U with splittings against current global electroweak fit values.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_leptophobic_u1b_fermion_x_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophobic U(1)_B fermionic X superpartner cold dark matter", "family": "leptophobic_u1_b_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for the leptophobic Z_B mediator in this model: the card states no collider simulation was performed and likelihood_available is unknown for the dijet/monojet constraint, so the collider exclusion output of the recasting step cannot be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO model of the leptophobic Z_B with kinetic mixing epsilon, generate dijet and monojet signals in MadGraph+Pythia, and recast current LHC searches with CheckMATE or Contur across (M_ZB, g_B, epsilon, m_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_leptophobic_u1b_scalar_x_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophobic U(1)_B scalar X cold dark matter", "family": "leptophobic_u1_b_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for the leptophobic Z_B mediator in this model: the card states no collider simulation was performed and likelihood_available is unknown for the dijet/monojet constraint, so the collider exclusion output of the recasting step cannot be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO model of the leptophobic Z_B with kinetic mixing epsilon, generate dijet and monojet signals in MadGraph+Pythia, and recast current LHC searches with CheckMATE or Contur across (M_ZB, g_B, epsilon, m_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09730_natural_amsb_higgsino_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Natural AMSB higgsino-axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09730", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Collider constraints on the compressed light-higgsino spectrum and wino same-sign-diboson signatures rest on projected reach studies, not on a recast likelihood; the card marks the collider reach recast unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current LHC soft-dilepton (compressed higgsino) and electroweakino searches for the nAMSB spectra using SModelS or CheckMATE, and encode HL-LHC/ILC projections as reusable likelihood surfaces in (mu, M_2, Delta m).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_02803_gauged_inverse_seesaw_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged inverse-seesaw right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.02803", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No LHC dilepton Z prime search likelihood or recast is available for the B-L Z prime mediator; the card carries only source-level exclusion statements without an ATLAS/CMS acceptance map or likelihood, so updated collider limits on (M_Zprime, g_B-L) cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the current ATLAS/CMS high-mass dilepton searches for the B-L Z prime using an existing dilepton recast framework such as ZPEED or a MadGraph plus MadAnalysis5 pipeline, producing a reusable likelihood in the (M_Zprime, g_B-L) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03429_vll_decay_freezein_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like lepton decay freeze-in dark photon dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03429", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable detector-level recast or likelihood exists for Drell-Yan VLL pair production decaying to a charged lepton plus invisible A_H; only the paper's approximate recast of 13 TeV 139/fb analyses is available, and it cannot be re-evaluated for other branching-ratio or splitting choices.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS slepton-style lepton-plus-MET and multilepton searches in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE with public efficiency maps, generate the VLL pair-production signal from the explicit U(1)_H model, validate against the paper's 139/fb exclusion curves, and expose limits as a function of M_E, M_AH, and BR(E to A_H).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m2_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with scalar mediator Model 2", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "LHC colored-mediator searches and neutral-meson-mixing constraints have no flavor-texture-specific recast for this model, so mediator bounds exist only as generic statements rather than exclusions on (M, Yukawa) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LHC pair-production/dijet searches for the (3,1)_{1/3} scalar and compute meson-mixing observables for candidate flavor textures with an existing flavor tool (e.g. flavio) extended by the model's Wilson coefficients.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0509242_mirror_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken-Z2 mirror baryon dark matter", "family": "mirror_baryon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509242", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The 2005-era LHC Higgs projections have never been replaced by a modern signal-strength recast: the two-mixed-Higgs mirror sector (m_-, m_+, mixing angle, v2/v1) is not implemented in any public Higgs likelihood, so con_mirror_higgs_lhc_precision cannot be evaluated against post-discovery data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the mirror two-Higgs mixing model (rescaled couplings plus invisible/mirror decay widths) in HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds or Lilith and fit m_-, m_+, mixing angle, and v2/v1 to current LHC signal-strength and invisible-width data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07176_nonuniversal_u1prime_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-universal supersymmetric U(1)_prime neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07176", "score": 22.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable detector-level likelihood or implemented recast exists for the Z-prime mediated electroweakino multilepton and ditau signatures with family-dependent U(1)_prime charges; the primary paper provides benchmark selection cuts and graphical exclusions that must be digitized for quantitative reuse.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS ditau, dilepton, and electroweakino multilepton analyses as validated CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5 recast cards, drive them with the SARAH/SPheno UFO model for the non-universal charge assignment, and publish the resulting exclusion likelihood over (M_Zprime, g_prime Q_E3, BR(Zprime -> chi chi)).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_09234_z_portal_cpviolating_3hdm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z-portal CP-violating 3HDM dark matter", "family": "multi_higgs_doublet_z_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.09234", "score": 22.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast analysis or machine-readable likelihood exists for the inert-scalar cascade signatures at the LHC, which are the only complementary probe given the suppressed direct/indirect rates in the zero-Higgs-portal benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate inert-scalar pair and cascade production in MadGraph with the 3HDM UFO model and recast existing LHC electroweakino/slepton-like searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, publishing the resulting exclusion likelihood for the benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_03826_freeze_in_lepton_flavored_dm_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-in lepton-flavored dark matter with right-handed lepton mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03826", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood or detector simulation exists for the muon-collider prompt lepton and long-lived charged-track/displaced-lepton signatures; the paper's prospective 5-sigma discovery criterion and LLP counting depend on unfixed detector geometry, timing, and backgrounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the paper's event-simulation and selection chain as a parameterized recast (signal efficiency maps over m_med, tau_med, branching fractions for a reference muon-collider detector), so exclusions/reach can be re-evaluated as detector designs firm up.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_10112_gauged_charged_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged charged complex scalar dark matter with dark Higgs and dark photon", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.10112", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the Belle II B+ -> K+ + invisible measurement combined with KOTO and Higgs-invisible bounds in a form usable for this model's two-body (K+ H1) and three-body (K+ X Xbar) contributions; the card marks likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned likelihood from the published Belle II q^2 spectrum for B+ -> K+ nu nubar, including the SM prediction B_SM = 4.97e-6, and add KOTO/B0 -> K0 invisible exclusions as auxiliary constraints so mixed two-body/three-body dark-sector signals can be fit consistently.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_08125_left_right_triplet_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component SU(2)_R triplet fermion dark matter in broken D-parity left-right symmetry", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.08125", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No disappearing-track recast exists for charged SU(2)_R triplet partners with GeV-scale splittings and 0.1-1 m decay lengths produced via W_R/Z'; the s3 step has null tool_or_code and the card notes no detector efficiency simulation was performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the published ATLAS/CMS disappearing-track efficiency maps through MadAnalysis5 or SModelS to the model's chargino-like pair and associated production cross sections computed from the FeynRules model, scanning tau_charged over the quoted ns lifetimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_vector_mediator_m3_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with vector mediator Model 3", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "LHC searches for the colored vector mediator and neutral-meson-mixing constraints have no flavor-texture-specific recast for this model, so mediator bounds exist only as generic statements rather than exclusions on (M, coupling) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast LHC pair-production/dijet searches for the (3,2)_{1/6} vector and compute meson-mixing observables for candidate flavor textures with an existing flavor tool (e.g. flavio) extended by the model's Wilson coefficients.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_10928_adagio_dark_photon_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Adagio dark-photon thermal relic dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.10928", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled recast pipeline maps the Adagio-shifted relic-consistent (epsilon, alpha_D, m_A', m_chi) parameter space onto invisible dark-photon search likelihoods; existing published exclusions assume standard-cosmology thermal targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Use Darkcast plus published NA64/BaBar/Belle II invisible-mode limits, recomputing the relic-target contour with the modified-cosmology cross section from gap_1 and the benchmark branching ratios (invisible decay for 2 m_chi < m_A').", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_03749_local_baryon_number_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-number anomaly-cancellation Majorana dark matter", "family": "gauged_baryon_number_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.03749", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "ATLAS/CMS dijet and missing-energy search likelihoods are not implemented for this benchmark; the collider exclusion exists only as the primary paper's own recast, which cannot be rerun or extended from the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the 13 TeV ATLAS/CMS dijet resonance and mono-jet/missing-energy searches for the Z_B and Cucuyo-Higgs signal using CheckMATE or Contur on events generated from the UFO model, reproducing the paper's exclusion boundary and adding HL-LHC projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_09494_hidden_u1_scalar_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1) radiative inverse-seesaw scalar H2 dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.09494", "score": 21.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast exists for SM Higgs exotic decays into the model's GeV-scale hidden states (h -> HH, h -> Z'Z'); the paper provides no branching-ratio limit and the card records the collider observable as an implication only.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the exotic Higgs branching ratios from the model couplings and confront them with LHC exotic-decay limits via HiggsTools/HiggsBounds, adding a recast of light-resonance decay searches for 1-10 GeV Z' and scalar final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_03680_vector_portal_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "TeV-scale Majorana fermion dark matter with a massive vector portal", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.03680", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level likelihood or acceptance exists for the mono-photon plus missing-energy search at CLIC (sqrt(s)=3 TeV) or the 14 TeV LHC projection; the source rates are parton-level with backgrounds and efficiencies unmodeled.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate signal and SM-background mono-photon events with MadGraph/WHIZARD plus Delphes using a CLIC detector card and an HL-LHC card, and build a binned missing-energy likelihood (e.g. via MadAnalysis or CheckMATE) covering the M_med = 3 TeV near-resonance benchmark scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_03680_vector_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "TeV-scale scalar dark matter with a massive vector portal", "family": "vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.03680", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level likelihood or acceptance exists for the mono-photon plus missing-energy search at CLIC (sqrt(s)=3 TeV) or the 14 TeV LHC projection; the source rates are parton-level with backgrounds and efficiencies unmodeled, and the scalar case relies mainly on CLIC where coverage is weakest.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate signal and SM-background mono-photon events with MadGraph/WHIZARD plus Delphes using a CLIC detector card and an HL-LHC card, and build a binned missing-energy likelihood (e.g. via MadAnalysis or CheckMATE) covering the M_med = 3 TeV near-resonance benchmark scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_b_scalar_doublet_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation scalar doublet WIMP Case B", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 21.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint rests on the CMS 7 TeV 5 fb^-1 heavy-stable-charged-particle search only; no implemented recast covers electroweak scalar-doublet charged-state production with lifetime dependence, and Run 2/3 HSCP and long-lived-track searches are not applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement Drell-Yan production of the charged scalar doublet member in MadGraph and recast current ATLAS/CMS 13 TeV HSCP and disappearing-track searches (via existing long-lived-particle recast frameworks) as a function of (m_X, tau), updating the m_X > 210 GeV bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0905_2964_nmssm_pamela_neutralino_resonance_v1", "model_name": "PAMELA-favored NMSSM neutralino with light pseudoscalar resonance", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0905.2964", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The correlated light-a1 collider prediction lacks an updated recast: post-2009 BaBar Upsilon -> gamma a1(-> mu mu) results and later LHC exotic-Higgs-decay searches are not incorporated beyond the NMHDECAY source-era constraint set.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the NMSSMTools/NMHDECAY constraint chain with the final BaBar radiative-Upsilon dimuon limits and LHC h -> a1 a1 -> 4mu search likelihoods, mapping them onto the sub-GeV M_a1 and Br(h1 -> a1 a1) plane of the benchmark corner.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5114_e6ssm_inert_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "E6SSM inert neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5114", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The benchmark predicts more than 95 percent exotic SM-like Higgs branching to inert neutralinos, but no HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds or LHC invisible/exotic-decay recast has been applied, so present-day viability of the defining collider signature is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute BR(h -> chi chi) and soft-dilepton modes across the benchmark region and run HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds plus current ATLAS/CMS invisible-Higgs limits to map the surviving parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_3116_next_minimal_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Next minimal Dirac dark matter model", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.3116", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LEP H_LZZ light-Higgs bound and LHC Higgs-sector constraints on the 10-50 GeV mixed scalar are only qualitative on the card (likelihood_available: no), so there is no quantitative collider likelihood for the mixing parameter that the viable region depends on.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the light scalar's mixing-suppressed couplings in HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals, which include the digitized LEP H(Z -> Hll) limits for a 10-50 GeV scalar, and combine with current SM-like Higgs signal-strength fits to bound the mixing factor claimed at 0.980-0.990.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_4749_s3_inert_doublet_split_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 three-Higgs-doublet model with softly split H2^0 inert scalar dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.4749", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No LHC Higgs invisible-width likelihood is applied; the card only records the quoted 5e-4 Scenario 2b branching value, so collider consistency of other parameter points cannot be tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate Br(h -> H2 H2) from the rebuilt model files and apply a public Higgs invisible-width likelihood (e.g. Lilith or HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds with current ATLAS/CMS invisible limits) for con_split_h2_higgs_width.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_00508_accidental_real_singlet_z2_v1", "model_name": "Accidental real singlet scalar dark matter in scale-invariant local B-L", "family": "accidental_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00508", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No LHC Drell-Yan dilepton likelihood or recast exists for the Z_B-L mediator in this scale-invariant spectrum, so the dark-Higgs portal viability region (which the card says is pushed to few-TeV DM by the Z_B-L limit) cannot be re-derived with modern data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the latest ATLAS/CMS high-mass dilepton searches for the B-L gauge coupling and mass (e.g. with a ZPEED-style Z' dilepton likelihood adapted to B-L charges) and propagate the bound into the dark-Higgs portal relic region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_06783_gev_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "GeV-scale mixed sneutrino dark matter with Dirac neutrinos", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.06783", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current Higgs-invisible-width likelihood is wired into the route: the theta constraint is applied only as a 10 percent branching-ratio inequality from source-era ATLAS searches, not as a likelihood over BR_h_inv usable in a global fit with modern (few-percent) limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Attach a Higgs-coupling likelihood via Lilith or HiggsTools (HiggsSignals) with current ATLAS/CMS invisible-width results, mapping (theta, A_nu, m_snu1, m_chi10) to BR_h_inv through the card's tree-level width formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1505_00513_leptoquark_right_handed_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptoquark-assisted right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.00513", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only 8 TeV first-generation leptoquark limits are quoted; no recast of current 13/14 TeV LHC leptoquark searches exists for the modified branching pattern where the leptoquark also decays to right-handed-neutrino channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the leptoquark model in MadGraph/Pythia and recast current ATLAS/CMS first-generation leptoquark pair-production searches (e.g. via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis) as a function of BR(S -> e j) versus BR(S -> N q).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_majorana_dm_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Majorana fermion dark matter with 750 GeV quark-coupled pseudoscalar portal", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider leg of the joint fit relies on the historical 750 GeV diphoton excess; no modern statistical recast of ATLAS/CMS 13 TeV diphoton, dijet, and invisible-width searches exists for the quark-produced spin-zero portal with its correlated partial widths (Gamma/M of order 10^-2).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the simplified q-qbar-coupled pseudoscalar mediator as a FeynRules/UFO model and recast current high-mass diphoton, dijet, and monojet/invisible-width searches with MadGraph plus a recasting framework (MadAnalysis5-PAD or CheckMATE), returning a likelihood over (M, Gamma/M, partial widths).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03429_heavy_dark_photon_vll_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like lepton mediated heavy dark photon freeze-out dark matter", "family": "vector_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03429", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level recast or reusable likelihood exists for the compressed VLL to A_H plus soft-lepton signature; the collider constraint is only an approximate recast whose acceptance degrades rapidly as M_E - M_AH shrinks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS compressed-spectrum soft-lepton plus missing-energy analyses (slepton/electroweakino-style searches) in MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE with published efficiency maps, and produce exclusion curves as a function of M_E and the M_E - M_AH splitting for the VLL pair-production topology.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_07022_lepton_portal_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal real scalar dark matter with vector-like leptons", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07022", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated collider recast exists for compressed vector-like leptons nearly degenerate with the invisible scalar: LEP and LHC bounds are borrowed from slepton-analogy arguments without a validated acceptance calculation for VLL production and soft decay products.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast ATLAS/CMS compressed-slepton soft-lepton plus MET searches for doublet/singlet VLL Drell-Yan production using CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 with the gap_1 UFO model, mapping exclusions onto the (m_E1, Delta m) plane of the favored region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05487_minimal_light_lepton_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal light lepton portal dark matter", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05487", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Run-2 slepton-like and mono-Z+MET exclusions and HL-LHC projections exist only as the source's approximate recast; no validated reinterpretation of the public ATLAS/CMS analyses with model-specific branching fractions and flavor structure is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS slepton and mono-Z searches in a public recast framework (MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE) using events from the gap_1 model files, and reproduce the source exclusion contours before extending to other flavor structures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05487_minimal_light_lepton_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal light lepton portal dark matter", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05487", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated LHC search or public likelihood exists for the distinctive same-sign charged-scalar production channel H+H+jj predicted by the large quartic couplings; only qualitative HL-LHC projections are given.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing same-sign dilepton plus MET analyses onto the H+H+jj -> same-sign leptons plus chi chi topology and derive a phenomenological likelihood, proposing a dedicated HL-LHC analysis with the projected sensitivity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05487_singlet_extended_light_lepton_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-extended light lepton portal dark matter", "family": "lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05487", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Higgs-invisible bound on the scalar mixing and the branching-fraction-dependent LHC electroweak scalar search limits exist only as source-level statements; no rerunnable likelihood (Higgs invisible width plus slepton-like, mono-Z, and same-sign search recasts with the singlet-modified branching fractions) is bundled with the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute BR(h->ss) and extra-scalar branching fractions from the model file, apply the Higgs-invisible constraint through Lilith or HiggsSignals, and recast the ATLAS/CMS Run-2 slepton-like, mono-Z, and same-sign analyses with MadAnalysis5 or CheckMATE for singlet-extension benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412200_nonthermal_wino_anomaly_mediated_nmssm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal wino dark matter in UV-insensitive anomaly-mediated NMSSM extension", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412200", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No quantitative collider likelihood for the long-lived charged wino exists on the card: the disappearing-track observable is recorded as a recast route with likelihood_available unknown and no modern LHC efficiency map applied to this spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS disappearing-track searches using published efficiency maps in a public recast framework (MadAnalysis 5 or CheckMATE LLP modules), with production cross sections and tau_chargino computed from the model's Delta m_wino near 165 MeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1007_2631_neutral_su2n_vector_boson_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutral SU(2)_N vector-boson dark matter", "family": "non_abelian_vector_boson_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.2631", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current LHC recast exists for the associated Z' = X_3, Z-Z' mixing, and enhanced Higgs-sector production; the collider allowed region rests on pre-LHC precision bounds (m_Z' > ~900 GeV, mixing < few x 1e-4).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS dilepton Z' searches and Higgs signal-strength/exotic-Higgs analyses onto the SU(2)_N parameter space using the gap_1 model implementation with a collider recast framework such as MadGraph plus CheckMATE or Contur.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_4749_s3_two_inert_doublet_degenerate_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 three-Higgs-doublet model with degenerate CP-even inert scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.4749", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current Higgs invisible-width likelihood is evaluated; Scenario 1a's quoted 34.8 percent invisible branching indicates collider constraints can be decisive, but the card carries no quantitative collider likelihood to apply.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Br(h -> H2 H2, H3 H3) from the rebuilt model files and confront it with a public Higgs invisible-width likelihood (Lilith or HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds with current ATLAS/CMS limits) for con_degenerate_higgs_width.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_09494_hidden_u1_fermionic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1) radiative inverse-seesaw fermionic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.09494", "score": 20.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast exists for SM Higgs exotic decays into the model's GeV-scale hidden states (h -> HH, h -> Z'Z' with subsequent hidden/SM cascades); the paper provides no branching-ratio limit and the card records the collider observable as an implication only.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the exotic Higgs branching ratios from the model couplings and confront them with the global undetermined-BR fit and dedicated LHC exotic-decay searches via HiggsTools/HiggsBounds, adding a recast of light-resonance decay searches for 1-10 GeV Z' and scalar final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1232_s3_schizophrenic_neutrino_rh_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 schizophrenic-neutrino right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1232", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No modern LHC Z-prime likelihood has been recast for the B-L gauge boson of this model; the card quotes only the qualitative 2010-era statement that a TeV Z-prime is LHC-accessible.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS high-mass dilepton Z-prime search limits onto the B-L coupling-mass plane and package the exclusion curve as a likelihood usable alongside the relic scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_u1_prime_extra_doublet_fermion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' extra doublet neutral fermion cold dark matter", "family": "u1_prime_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for the Z' mediator and charged doublet partner: the card states no collider simulation was performed and likelihood_available is unknown for the collider constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a UFO model of the Z' plus extra doublet, generate dijet/monojet and charged-partner production in MadGraph+Pythia, and recast current LHC searches with CheckMATE or Contur.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_4321_pmssm_gravitino_lsp_model_set_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM gravitino LSP model set", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.4321", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Collider coverage of the gravitino model set rests on private fast-simulation recasts of 7/8 TeV ATLAS analyses; the HSCP, displaced/late-decay, and other non-MET searches that dominate gravitino-LSP sensitivity lack public, up-to-date recast implementations.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the search set in public recast frameworks (CheckMATE/MadAnalysis with Delphes, plus dedicated long-lived-particle recast tools such as SModelS LLP or HSCP efficiency maps) and update from 7/8 TeV to current LHC analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_05723_kinetically_mixed_lmutau_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically mixed L_mu-L_tau Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05723", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reproducible likelihood or recast code exists for the combined flavor/collider constraint set (neutrino trident, B_s mixing, b -> s mu mu band, and epsilon-dependent LHC dilepton limits); the primary's overlay is a hand-combined summary the card marks as only partially available.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the flavor side with flavio/smelli (trident, B_s mixing, b -> s mu mu global fit for the L_mu-L_tau Wilson coefficients) and recast LHC dilepton searches with a public recast tool as a function of (m_Zprime, g_l, epsilon), then combine into one likelihood module for the joint scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_10185_u1x_majorana_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Extra U(1)_X right-handed Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "z_prime_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.10185", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The ATLAS extra-gauge-boson constraint on (M_X, g_X) is available only as source-paper contours, not as a reusable likelihood or digitized limit data, so the collider compression of the dark-matter window cannot be re-evaluated for other charge assignments or branching structures.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the ATLAS dilepton Z-prime cross-section limits and implement the U(1)_X mediator recast in a dedicated Z-prime limit tool (ZPEED-style) or via MadGraph plus a recasting framework, publishing the resulting (M_X, g_X) likelihood grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_16480_minimal_susy_u1x_gaugino_singlet_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-parity-conserving minimal SUSY U(1)_X gaugino-singlet neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.16480", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable LHC dilepton recast or likelihood exists for the U(1)_X Z-prime with general x_H charge assignments and a model-dependent invisible width into neutralinos and right-handed neutrinos; the source only reads off published narrow-resonance bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma(pp -> Z') x BR(ll) with MadGraph for the x_H-parameterized charges and model branching ratios, and package the ATLAS 139/fb and CMS 140/fb dilepton limit tables as an interpolated likelihood over (m_Zprime, alpha_gX, x_H).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_16086_conversion_driven_t_channel_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Conversion-driven t-channel mediator dark matter", "family": "conversion_driven_freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.16086", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recasting workflow with validated efficiencies exists for the LHC LLP signatures of this model (HSCP, disappearing-track, displaced-vertex, missing-energy) in the soft-decay-product regime with an approximately 44 percent charged R-hadron fraction; the source recast is paper-internal and likelihood_available is only partial.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the colored-mediator pair production plus R-hadronization pipeline in MadGraph+Pythia and add the relevant ATLAS/CMS HSCP, disappearing-track, DV, and MET analyses (with soft-track efficiency maps) to an LLP recasting framework such as SModelS-LLP, CheckMATE, or MadAnalysis5, releasing the efficiency tables for small Delta m.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05653_type_ii_2hdms_pseudoscalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II 2HDMS with pseudoscalar singlet dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05653", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented collider recast exists for the invisible/MET signatures: the HL-LHC monojet and 2j+MET reach statement is a cut-and-count estimate for one representative benchmark with no simulation run and no reusable likelihood (con_2hdms_hllhc_met is recast_required).", "proposed_resolution": "Generate MadGraph monojet and 2j+MET samples for the 2HDMS benchmark grid and recast existing ATLAS/CMS MET analyses with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, producing a parameter-space exclusion/projection likelihood instead of a single-point estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12473_type_ii_2hdm_real_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-II 2HDM with real singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12473", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated collider recast exists for the Type-II 2HDM+S invisible/MET signatures; the card's collider constraint is only qualitative, drawn from related Higgs-portal studies, and states that exact exclusions require a dedicated recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate 2HDM+S signal events with MadGraph using the gap_1 model files and recast LHC mono-X, invisible-Higgs, and heavy-Higgs-to-invisible searches with CheckMATE or Contur to produce exclusion contours in (m_DM, lambda_S1, lambda_S2, tan_beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12473_type_x_2hdm_real_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-X 2HDM with real singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12473", "score": 19.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated collider recast exists for the Type-X 2HDM+S invisible/MET signatures; the card's collider constraint is only qualitative, drawn from related Higgs-portal studies, and states that exact exclusions require a dedicated recast, with the lepton-specific Type-X structure changing the relevant search channels (e.g. tau-rich final states).", "proposed_resolution": "Generate 2HDM+S signal events with MadGraph using the gap_1 model files and recast LHC mono-X, invisible-Higgs, and tau-enriched heavy-scalar searches with CheckMATE or Contur to produce exclusion contours in (m_DM, lambda_S1, lambda_S2, tan_beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0907_1894_so10_scalar_16_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal non-SUSY SO(10) scalar 16 dark matter", "family": "gut_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0907.1894", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level collider recast exists for the long-lived inert charged scalar: the displaced-vertex-plus-missing-energy signature in the small-mixing, small-mass-gap regime has no efficiency map or likelihood, and the card's collider constraint is a discovery-oriented target rather than an exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate charged-scalar pair and associated production with MadGraph using the gap_1 model files, decay with the lifetime set by (Delta M, s), and recast against ATLAS/CMS displaced-vertex and disappearing-track long-lived-particle searches using an LLP-capable framework such as CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5 with published efficiency maps.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_4213_light_gravitino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light gravitino dark matter scenarios", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.4213", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "LHC constraints on gravitino-LSP spectra are only partially usable: prompt-photon, delayed/non-pointing photon, kinked-track, and metastable charged-particle searches require model-specific recasting per NLSP identity, and no ready likelihood covers the compressed or detector-stable NLSP cases flagged in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement recasts of the relevant ATLAS/CMS displaced-photon and heavy-stable-charged-particle searches in a public LLP recasting framework (e.g. CheckMATE or MadAnalysis with long-lived-particle efficiency maps), parameterized by m_NLSP, c*tau_NLSP, and NLSP identity (neutralino vs stau).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1101_0365_two_singlet_light_cold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-singlet light cold dark matter model", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0365", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No Higgs invisible-width or LHC signal-strength recast exists for this pre-Higgs-discovery model, even though the S_1-Higgs mixing and the open h -> S_0 S_0 channel for m_0 below m_h/2 make these among the strongest constraints on the light-mass region.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the invisible and exotic Higgs decay widths and the mixing-angle suppression of signal strengths in the rotated (h, S_1) basis, then apply current ATLAS/CMS invisible-branching-ratio and coupling-fit limits (e.g. via Lilith or HiggsTools) to the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_7312_u1_prime_rh_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.7312", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level recast or likelihood exists for the LFV multilepton plus missing-energy and displaced-sneutrino LHC signatures (likelihood_available: no, applies: recast_required); no numeric exclusion has been extracted for the benchmark cascades.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline: generate benchmark cascade events with the gap_1 model files in MadGraph/CalcHEP + PYTHIA, then apply existing LHC multilepton and displaced-vertex search selections through CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5 recast cards with Delphes-level detector efficiencies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_00508_accidental_complex_scalar_z3_v1", "model_name": "Accidental complex scalar Z3 dark matter in scale-invariant local B-L", "family": "z3_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00508", "score": 19.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged recast of current LHC Z_B-L dilepton-resonance limits and the Higgs-invisible-width bound onto this model's (m_ZBL, m_S, lambda_h, lambda_sphi) parameter space exists; the card records only the 2015 qualitative tension statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Map current ATLAS/CMS dilepton Z' cross-section limits onto the B-L coupling-mass plane and compute the analytic invisible Higgs branching ratio for lambda_h, packaging both as bounds over the card's input parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_scalar_dm_gluon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar dark matter with 750 GeV gluon portal mediator", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider observable rests on the historical 750 GeV excess; no modern statistical recast of 13 TeV diphoton and dijet searches exists for the gluon-fusion-produced spin-zero portal, whose gluon-dominated total width is precisely the regime the card notes is squeezed by dijet limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the gluon-coupled scalar mediator plus real-scalar DM as a FeynRules/UFO model and recast current high-mass diphoton and dijet resonance searches (MadGraph with MadAnalysis5-PAD or CheckMATE), producing a joint likelihood over (M, Gamma/M, g_g, g_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_09018_scalar_dm_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar dark matter with 750 GeV quark-coupled portal mediator", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.09018", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current collider likelihood exists for the 750 GeV quark-coupled portal: the diphoton input is the historical excess and the dijet constraint is a Run-1 quote, so the width/branching-ratio consistency condition (Gamma/M down to O(10^-3)) has never been recast against full Run-2 data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast full Run-2 ATLAS/CMS high-mass diphoton and dijet resonance searches for a 750 GeV q qbar-produced spin-zero mediator (e.g. generate signal with MadGraph and apply published limits or a CheckMATE-style recast), replacing the historical-excess input with proper upper-limit likelihoods on the partial widths.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_07513_leptophilic_feeble_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly coupled leptophilic Majorana dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_conversion_driven_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.07513", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only an approximate recast of CMS/ATLAS long-lived charged-particle and disappearing-track searches exists for this charged-scalar mediator: detector-efficiency maps and a reusable likelihood for slepton-like LLPs in the compressed (Delta m ~ 2 GeV) regime with soft leptons are not available (likelihood_available: approximate, likelihood_reference null).", "proposed_resolution": "Add the relevant heavy-stable-charged-particle and disappearing-track efficiency maps to SModelS or the LLP Recasting Repository for a singly charged scalar decaying to chi plus a soft lepton, parameterized in (m_phi, Delta m, c tau), and publish the resulting acceptance-times-efficiency likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16781_charge_radius_idm_v1", "model_name": "Charge-radius photon-coupled inelastic dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16781", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public statistical likelihood or recast module exists for the intensity-frontier (FASER/beam-dump displaced-decay and electron-scattering) signatures of the charge-radius iDM model; only projection-level sensitivity curves from the author code are available, so parameter-space exclusions cannot be combined with other constraints in a global fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the Looking_forward_to_photon_coupled_LLPs event-yield output in a Poisson counting likelihood with published detector acceptances and backgrounds (e.g. as a FASER recast module in a framework like HEPLikelihoods or GAMBIT ColliderBit), operator-by-operator to keep the AM/CR coupling dimension distinct.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16781_electric_dipole_idm_v1", "model_name": "Electric-dipole photon-coupled inelastic dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16781", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public statistical likelihood or recast module exists for the intensity-frontier (FASER/beam-dump displaced-decay and electron-scattering) signatures of the electric-dipole iDM model; only projection-level sensitivity curves from the author code are available, so parameter-space exclusions cannot be combined with other constraints in a global fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the Looking_forward_to_photon_coupled_LLPs event-yield output in a Poisson counting likelihood with published detector acceptances and backgrounds (e.g. as a FASER recast module in a framework like GAMBIT ColliderBit), keeping the EDM two-body chi_1 -> chi_0 gamma decay mode distinct from the CR/AM three-body mode.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16781_magnetic_dipole_idm_v1", "model_name": "Magnetic-dipole photon-coupled inelastic dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16781", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public statistical likelihood or recast module exists for the intensity-frontier (FASER/beam-dump displaced-decay and electron-scattering) signatures of the magnetic-dipole iDM model; only projection-level sensitivity curves from the author code are available, so parameter-space exclusions cannot be combined with other constraints in a global fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the Looking_forward_to_photon_coupled_LLPs event-yield output in a Poisson counting likelihood with published detector acceptances and backgrounds (e.g. as a FASER recast module in a framework like GAMBIT ColliderBit), keeping the MDM two-body chi_1 -> chi_0 gamma decay mode distinct from the CR/AM three-body mode.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_08917_bino_higgsino_tempered_singlino_nmssm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bino-higgsino-tempered singlino NMSSM dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.08917", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast implementation exists for the ATLAS photon-rich electroweakino searches (soft photons from compressed chi_i -> gamma chi_1 decays with multilepton or b-jet objects), so LHC/HL-LHC exclusions on the singlino-bino coannihilation spectra cannot be evaluated numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS photon electroweakino analysis in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 with validated Delphes photon thresholds for the compressed regime, and validate against the overlap regions quoted in the paper's figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_09126_fermionic_higgs_portal_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic Higgs-portal dark matter with singlet-scalar inflation", "family": "higgs_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.09126", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The EWPT and LHC heavy-scalar mixing limits on (theta, m_s) are taken from the paper's 2015-era recast; no current combined collider likelihood for the mixed-singlet scalar is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply HiggsTools (HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals) plus an updated oblique-parameter fit to the (theta, m_s) plane and export the allowed-region flag or likelihood used by the combined scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_01263_type_iii_gmsb_lhu_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw GMSB gravitino dark matter with L H_u inflation", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.01263", "score": 18.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card notes modern long-lived-particle collider limits were not recast: the heavy-stable-charged-particle exclusion for a 1 TeV stau with 10 s lifetime is quoted from an old CMS search, with no current LHC Run 2/3 recast or reusable likelihood attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS full-Run-2 heavy-stable-charged-particle searches for the benchmark stau mass and lifetime using SModelS long-lived-particle results or a CheckMATE implementation of the HSCP analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_a_majorana_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation WIMP Case A", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint rests on the CMS 7 TeV 5 fb^-1 heavy-stable-charged-particle search only; no implemented recast covers scalar charged-excitation production with the lifetime dependence of the track signature, and Run 2/3 HSCP searches are not applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the charged scalar pair-production model in MadGraph and recast current ATLAS/CMS 13 TeV HSCP and disappearing/long-lived track searches (e.g., via existing long-lived-particle recast frameworks) as a function of (m_X, tau), replacing the 2012 CMS bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1405_6577_cmssm_q_ball_bino_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM Q-ball bino co-genesis dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.6577", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reproducible collider likelihood for the co-genesis parameter plane: only the 2014 ATLAS 8 TeV, 20 fb^-1 jets+MET contour is reproduced at paper level, with no analysis implementation packaged and no update to current 13 TeV ATLAS/CMS searches, so the surviving blue co-genesis region cannot be delineated against present data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the co-genesis CMSSM scan through a public recast framework (CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 with implemented ATLAS/CMS 13 TeV jets plus missing-ET searches), feeding SOFTSUSY spectra and standard cross-section tools, to produce an updated exclusion likelihood on the (m_0, M_1/2) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_01770_baryonic_vector_scalar_light_dm_v1", "model_name": "Baryonic-vector scalar light dark matter benchmark", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.01770", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public detector likelihood or background model exists for hadronic (NC pi0-like) dark-matter scattering searches at MiniBooNE, T2K, or SHiP, so BdNMC event distributions cannot be turned into statistically meaningful exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recasting likelihood from the published MiniBooNE dark-matter-run and T2K neutral-current pi0 data releases (efficiencies, backgrounds, binned counts) and package it as a module that consumes BdNMC event distributions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_flavored_bl3_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic third-generation B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recastable LHC ditau constraint exists for the (B-L)_3 mediator: the card carries only the primary paper's statement that the benchmark is consistent with current searches, with no production-cross-section times branching-ratio recast in the (m_Z_prime, g_(B-L)_3) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published ATLAS/CMS heavy-resonance ditau searches for a Z-prime with third-generation B-L couplings (b-quark-initiated production) into a tabulated exclusion contour in (m_Z_prime, g_(B-L)_3), stored as a registry data product alongside the analytic R_tau bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_14882_light_2hdm_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light two-Higgs-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14882", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No laboratory recast maps existing muon-philic light-scalar searches (muon g-2, beam dumps, B-factory and meson-decay searches) onto this model's (m_H, Y_l, mixing angle) parameter space to test whether the couplings needed for the relic target survive.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published muon-coupled light-scalar limits (g-2 preferred regions, NA64-mu type projections, meson and collider bounds) into a likelihood over the light-scalar mass and Y_l, joined with the relic-scan output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_05601_750gev_complex_scalar_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "750 GeV complex-scalar portal Majorana WIMP", "family": "simplified_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05601", "score": 16.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Collider constraints are anchored to the historical 750 GeV diphoton-excess context with only approximate likelihoods; no recast of the monojet/dijet/diphoton (including s -> aa -> collimated 4 gamma) signatures against current Run-2/Run-3 LHC searches exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the scalar-resonance production and monojet/dijet/diphoton topologies with MadGraph plus CheckMATE/MadAnalysis against current ATLAS/CMS search likelihoods, replacing the 2016 excess-era cuts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07987_asymmetric_inelastic_dark_qed_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric inelastic dark QED with dark muonium", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07987", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public event-level likelihood or validated recast exists for the low-missing-energy multi-lepton-jet final state from prompt darkonium decays; the y_X versus m_Aprime reach is available only as figure-level limits from the paper's own recast of LHC lepton-jet searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS prompt lepton-jet and exotic-Higgs-decay analyses as Rivet or CheckMATE recast cards validated against the published limits, and release the resulting likelihood over (y_X, m_Aprime, alpha_D, epsilon) for prompt A_prime decays.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_1685_zee_babu_z2_real_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Zee-Babu Z2 real scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.1685", "score": 14.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No current Higgs signal-strength likelihood is implemented for the charged-scalar loop shift in H -> gamma gamma (the card notes a current fit is outside the batch and paper-era inputs are used).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the charged-scalar loop amplitudes into a public Higgs signal-strength fitting tool (HiggsSignals or Lilith) with current LHC Run 2/3 data to constrain lambda_Hh, lambda_Hk, m_h+, m_k++.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_02718_u1x_charged_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X-charged Z2-odd scalar dark matter in a lepton-specific two-Higgs-doublet model", "family": "u1x_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.02718", "score": 14.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline or likelihood exists for the LHC t-tbar resonance constraint on the leptophobic Z-prime in this model; the card records only a qualitative source comparison with likelihood_available 'partial' and recasting_needed 'yes'.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the ATLAS/CMS t-tbar resonance cross-section limits used by the source, compute sigma(pp -> Z' -> t tbar) over the (M_Zprime, g_X) plane with MadGraph using the rebuilt model files, and package the comparison as a reusable mask/likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_4321_pmssm_neutralino_lsp_model_set_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM neutralino LSP model set", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.4321", "score": 11, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The collider filter on the neutralino pMSSM model set is a private fast-simulation recast of early 7/8 TeV ATLAS MET and non-MET analyses with no per-point public likelihood, so present-day exclusion statements over the model set cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the collider stage on public recast tooling (MadGraph plus Delphes with CheckMATE/MadAnalysis analysis implementations, complemented by SModelS simplified-model limits) using current LHC analyses, and publish per-point coverage likelihoods for the model set.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5647_zprime_mediated_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Zprime-mediated singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5647", "score": 5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint rests on a source-era 8 TeV monophoton recast; no validated 13/14 TeV monophoton-plus-MET recast with detector acceptance exists for the Chern-Simons Zprime mediator, which the card flags as the leading constraint channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate monophoton-plus-MET events for the Zprime model with MadGraph using the gap_1 model files and recast current ATLAS/CMS Run 2 monophoton analyses in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, including a validity check of the effective Chern-Simons operators at collider energies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 11, "rank_structure_formation": 39}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "CMB likelihood & ΔN_eff machinery", "n_gaps": 120, "n_models": 119, "weight": 3005.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 26, "weight_structure_formation": 643.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 43, "degrades_precision": 68, "minor": 9}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 89, "small": 24, "large": 7}, "members": [{"model_id": "1910_04901_self_interacting_neutrino_dw_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile neutrino dark matter with active-neutrino self-interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04901", "score": 43, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihood exists for the constraint overlay: X-ray line searches, BBN mediator bounds, and kaon-decay/DUNE laboratory limits are only compiled as figure regions from the paper, with likelihood_available set to no for both constraint entries.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood: published X-ray line flux limits mapped to sin^2(2theta) vs m4 via the standard radiative decay rate, an N_eff/BBN term for the few-MeV scalar coupled to neutrinos (e.g. computed with a BBN code including the phi thermal population), and digitized K+ -> mu + nu phi limits, exposed over (m4, theta, m_phi, lambda_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_05714_flavor_blind_zprime_mev_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-blind Z-prime mediated complex scalar MeV dark matter", "family": "thermal_mev_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.05714", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN light-element likelihood is implemented for this specific benchmark: the card's BBN/CMB constraint applies to broader light-WIMP classes and explicitly requires branch-by-branch recasting to the flavor-blind Z-prime scalar, which has not been done.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the solver output (time-dependent T_gamma/T_nu and expansion history) to a public BBN code such as PRIMAT, PArthENoPE, or AlterBBN to compute helium and deuterium yields and build a light-element likelihood for the benchmark's branching ratios.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_6061_bec_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Bose-Einstein-condensed scalar field dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6061", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no current-data likelihood for the SFDM expansion-history constraint: the quoted bounds on m and lambda/(mc^2)^2 derive from 2013-era BBN abundances and CMB equality values, and the card flags that recasting is needed before the allowed region can be trusted.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the gap_1 background solver to current Planck CMB and PRIMAT/PArthENoPE-style BBN likelihoods in Cobaya, sampling (m, lambda/(mc^2)^2) directly so the N_eff(t) and z_eq shifts are constrained by modern data rather than the historical 68% regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_3113_neutrino_interacting_asymmetric_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-interacting asymmetric dark matter with a charged mediator", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3113", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The laboratory/astrophysical portal constraints (heavy-neutral-lepton searches, active-sterile mixing, BBN/CMB N_eff for the MeV-scale sector) have only a partial, flavor-averaged treatment; the card notes a precision bound needs flavor-specific mixing and decay tables and no combined likelihood is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a combined constraint module from public heavy-neutral-lepton limit compilations and BBN/CMB N_eff bounds for MeV-scale sectors, computing the model's flavor-dependent U_i4 mixing pattern and mostly invisible heavy-neutrino branching ratios so laboratory limits are applied to the correct visible fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11140_adm_cmb_birefringence_cs_current_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter with Chern-Simons photon-current coupling", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11140", "score": 39, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No CMB birefringence likelihood is wrapped for the model: the Planck PR4 alpha measurement is used only as a quoted target band, with no machine-usable posterior connecting (M_chi, M, asymmetry) to the measured rotation angle.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the published Planck PR4 isotropic birefringence measurement (0.30 +/- 0.11 deg, foreground-improved 0.36 +/- 0.11 deg) as a Gaussian likelihood on alpha and chain it to the analytic alpha(M_chi, M, asymmetry) formula from step s1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_07528_millicharged_cointeracting_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged co-interacting dark photon dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.07528", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB spectral-distortion constraint is applied as phenomenological |y| and |mu| bounds with likelihood_available 'no'; there is no computation of the distortion Green's-function response to the redshift-dependent photon injection from A'-chi-enhanced conversion in this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's conversion-driven energy-injection history in a spectral-distortion Green's-function code (e.g. extend CosmoTherm or the SZpack/Green's-function distortion machinery) and wrap COBE/FIRAS mu and y limits as a likelihood over (m_A', epsilon, f_chi, g_d).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal Dirac-fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative CMB/BBN energy-injection likelihood exists for the late NLSP decays with neutrino-rich final states; the paper's constraints are plot-level and the card notes the numerical likelihood was not reconstructed.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the NLSP decay spectra through ACROPOLIS for BBN and ExoCLASS/DarkAges deposition functions for CMB, adding a neutrino-injection branch, and package the result as a tau_NLSP-m_NLSP likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal scalar-singlet dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative CMB/BBN energy-injection likelihood exists for late NLSP decays with neutrino-rich final states; the card records only plot-level constraints and notes the numerical likelihood was not reconstructed.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the NLSP decay spectra through ACROPOLIS for BBN and ExoCLASS/DarkAges deposition functions for CMB, including a neutrino-injection branch, delivering a reusable tau_NLSP-m_NLSP likelihood surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_08881_light_thermal_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light thermal pseudo-Dirac dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "vector_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08881", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The sub-10-MeV BBN/Neff bound is only quoted from the literature; no dedicated light-dark-sector BBN/Neff recast exists for this model's thermal history, and the card warns sub-10-MeV targets should not be used without one.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a dedicated light-sector cosmology calculation with a public BBN/Neff code (e.g. AlterBBN/PRIMAT combined with a dark-sector temperature-evolution solver) including the pseudo-Dirac states and dark photon in the thermal bath, to derive the model-specific low-mass floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04168_visible_sterile_neutrino_scalar_tensor_v1", "model_name": "Visible sterile-neutrino dark matter in scalar-tensor pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04168", "score": 36.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numeric likelihoods exist for the constraint set used by the model: the BBN N_eff < 3.4 bound, X-ray/pre-recombination photon-injection decay limits, and TRISTAN/HUNTER/PTOLEMY/KATRIN sensitivity curves are all figure-level inputs that must be digitized to test the scalar-tensor parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published BBN, X-ray, and laboratory-reach contours in the (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) plane and package them as a joint likelihood module that consumes the scalar-tensor abundance rescaling, reusing existing X-ray line-search flux limits where available.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_07269_alp_dark_photon_magnetogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with dark-photon late-time magnetogenesis", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07269", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihoods exist for the photon-mixing constraints: the X-ray bound on g_AA/f and the CMB spectral-distortion bound on g_AX/f in the presence of the predicted B_X background are applied as single quoted numbers, not as recastable likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a photon-ALP-dark-photon mixing recast that propagates the model's B_X background through the COBE/FIRAS spectral-distortion likelihood and existing astrophysical X-ray ALP-conversion datasets, producing exclusion contours in (g_AA/f, g_AX/f, B_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_00184_type_i_seesaw_freeze_in_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type I seesaw freeze-in long-lived S dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00184", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection likelihood has been recast for a 16 keV S decaying to nu + gamma: the tau_S > 1e25 s requirement is quoted from a related source without computing the energy-deposition efficiency for ~8 keV photon injection, so the critical lifetime constraint is a pass/fail proxy rather than an evaluated likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the DarkAges/ExoCLASS energy-deposition tables to soft keV photon injection from S -> nu gamma, couple to the Planck decaying-DM likelihood to obtain tau_S(m_S) bounds, and complement with X-ray line-search limits (e.g. blank-sky XMM/NuSTAR recasts) at E_gamma ~ m_S/2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_09194_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_curvature_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational dark matter from curvature-perturbation PBHs", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.09194", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or public sensitivity module exists for the MHz-GHz stochastic induced-GW signal, since detectors in this band are only proposed; the route ends at a spectrum with nothing to compare against quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published projected sensitivity curves of proposed high-frequency GW detectors (levitated sensors, bulk acoustic wave, Gertsenshtein-conversion searches) into a reusable power-law-integrated sensitivity/likelihood module for Omega_GW(f) in the MHz-GHz band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_heavy_dark_photon_dirac_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark-photon portal Dirac-fermion freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The stellar-cooling, CMB energy-injection, and lab (sigma_e) constraints exist only as figure-level exclusion curves; no packaged likelihoods are recorded for any of the three constraints, preventing statistically combined scans of the (epsilon, alpha_D, m_chi, m_Aprime) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the digitized stellar bound, the Planck p_ann annihilation likelihood mapped through the model's late-time <sigma v>, and published sigma_e limits (XENON, SENSEI, DAMIC, accelerator recasts) as interpolable likelihood surfaces keyed to the route's derived quantities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_heavy_dark_photon_scalar_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark-photon portal complex-scalar freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The stellar-cooling, CMB energy-injection, and lab (sigma_e) constraints exist only as figure-level exclusion curves; no packaged likelihoods are recorded for any of the three constraints, preventing statistically combined scans of the (epsilon, alpha_D, m_phi, m_Aprime) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the digitized stellar bound, the Planck p_ann annihilation likelihood mapped through the scalar's velocity-suppressed late-time <sigma v>, and published sigma_e limits (XENON, SENSEI, DAMIC, accelerator recasts) as interpolable likelihood surfaces keyed to the route's derived quantities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_02352_axion_quark_nugget_frb_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion Quark Nugget dark matter with magnetar-triggered FRB scenario", "family": "macroscopic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.02352", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No FRB population likelihood exists for the AQN trigger hypothesis: the model is compared to FRB energies, durations, frequencies, and the energy-distribution slope only by qualitative consistency, without an impact-rate-based population model or catalog selection effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the AQN impact rate (from B, rho_DM, magnetar population synthesis) into a public FRB population framework such as frbpoppy, forward-model the predicted energy/duration/rate distributions with CHIME/FRB selection functions, and release the resulting catalog likelihood over (B, trigger efficiency).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_00184_type_iii_seesaw_freeze_in_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw freeze-in long-lived S dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00184", "score": 33.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection likelihood has been recast for a 1 keV S decaying to nu + gamma: the tau_S > 1e25 s requirement is quoted from a related source without computing the energy-deposition efficiency for ~0.5 keV photon injection, so the critical lifetime constraint is a pass/fail proxy rather than an evaluated likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the DarkAges/ExoCLASS energy-deposition tables to sub-keV photon injection from S -> nu gamma, couple to the Planck decaying-DM likelihood to obtain tau_S(m_S) bounds, and complement with soft-X-ray line-search recasts at E_gamma ~ m_S/2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07753_forbidden_leptophilic_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Forbidden leptophilic Dirac-fermion dark matter with scalar mediator", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.07753", "score": 33.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihoods exist for the future probes that test the surviving parameter space: CMB-S4 annihilation sensitivity, next-generation beam-dump reach, and high-luminosity e+e- collider limits on the leptophilic scalar mediator are quoted projections without recast pipelines.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the CMB-S4 p_ann forecast, published beam-dump projection curves, and e+e- mediator-production sensitivities as likelihood modules over (m_chi, m_phi, delta, alpha_ll_S, alpha_chi_S), interpolating the digitized curves and folding in the temperature-suppressed forbidden annihilation rate for the CMB channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_01238_stable_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Stable scalar mediator self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.01238", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood or recast module exists for the CMB, BBN, supernova-cooling, and beam-dump constraints on the visibly-decaying dark Higgs h2 in the (m_h2, sin theta, tau_h2) plane, on which the model's cosmological viability hinges.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published light-scalar bounds (BBN energy-injection, Planck CMB, SN1987A cooling, beam-dump exclusions) into a constraint module keyed to (m_h2, mixing, lifetime), and combine with DDCalc-style direct-detection limits for the joint allowed-region evaluation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_01124_neutron_dark_decay_dirac_fermion_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay Dirac fermion plus photon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01124", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood or detector-acceptance recast exists for a monochromatic 0.782-1.664 MeV photon from n -> chi gamma in beam or ultracold-neutron experiments; existing radiative-decay and visible-branch searches were not designed for this exact final state and their efficiencies have not been mapped onto (m_chi, Br_dark).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published UCN and beam neutron-decay photon spectra (e.g. the UCNtau-style radiative search data cited via arxiv:1905.01912-era analyses) into an efficiency-corrected limit on Br(n -> chi gamma) as a function of E_gamma across the 0.782-1.664 MeV window, and release it as a tabulated likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_12673_pseudo_dirac_higgs_portal_excited_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac Higgs-portal dark matter with excited-state decay", "family": "pseudo_dirac_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.12673", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Delta N_eff signature has no forecast likelihood: the CMB-S4 constraint entry is 'recast_required' with likelihood_available 'unknown', and since the predicted shift (1e-4) is far below CMB-S4's ~0.03 sensitivity, no existing pipeline can quantify what future experiment or combination would test this signature.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Fisher/MCMC forecast module (e.g. in MontePython or cobaya with CMB-S4 and post-S4 noise specifications) that maps (tau_chi1, Delta m, branching) to a Delta N_eff posterior, establishing the exposure needed to reach the 1e-4 level and providing the missing forecast likelihood for this channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_02207_vector_simp_sux2_u1_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector SIMP dark matter in SU_X(2) x U(1)_Z' gauge model", "family": "vector_simp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.02207", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "All constraints on this model are event-count exclusion contours or qualitative CMB/IGM comparisons; no machine-readable likelihood exists for the beam-dump limits, the LDMX projection, or the p-wave energy-injection bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the 90% C.L. LSND/MiniBooNE/NA64 contours and the LDMX projection into interpolated likelihood functions, and recast Planck/IGM-temperature energy-injection limits to the model's p-wave thermally averaged cross section, releasing them as a small likelihood package.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0012317_low_reheat_standard_model_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat Standard Model neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0012317", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on MeV-scale reheating with a keV active-neutrino dark-matter component is not available as a runnable likelihood (con_low_reheat_bbn: likelihood_available no, recasting_needed yes); the paper's BBN compatibility statement rests on older cosmological inputs and has not been rerun with modern light-element data.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the low-reheat neutrino thermalization solution to a modern BBN code (PRIMAT or PArthENoPE) with current D/H and He-4 measurements, and release the resulting T_RH-m_nu likelihood following the methodology of the Planck-era reheating-floor analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1303_6267_long_lived_majorana_decay_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Warm dark matter from long-lived Majorana fermion decays", "family": "decay_produced_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1303.6267", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The dark-radiation branch is constrained only by the source-era Planck N_eff value (3.36 +/- 0.34); no current CMB/BBN likelihood for a late-decaying parent injecting nonthermal neutrinos and dark radiation has been applied, so the N_eff and BBN limits on tau2 and M1/M2 are outdated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute Delta N_eff(tau2, M1/M2) from the decay energy budget and evaluate it against the current Planck (plus BBN abundance) likelihoods for extra radiation and late electromagnetic/neutrino injection, updating the source-era bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin0_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-parent non-thermal vector WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical BBN/CMB spectral-distortion likelihood is attached for the photon emitted in S -> B_mu + photon; the lifetime cap tau_X < 1e4 s and energy-release bounds are taken conceptually and graphically from the paper (likelihood_available: approximate/no).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the electromagnetic-injection constraint with a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with photodisintegration) plus COBE/FIRAS mu- and y-distortion Green's-function limits, parameterized by (tau_X, zeta), and expose it as a likelihood over the model's lifetime-energy plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_10385_stable_vector_mediator_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting dark matter with a stable vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.10385", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection recast exists for this model's two-species annihilation (psi psi -> Z_D h_D plus residual Z_D Z_D -> h_D h_D) where visible energy arrives only after dark-Higgs decay; the required f_eff depends on species abundances, h_D visible branching, and recombination-era Sommerfeld enhancement.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute channel-weighted f_eff(z) with DarkHistory (or ExoCLASS) using h_D decay spectra for each mass point, include the Sommerfeld factor at recombination velocities, and compare to the Planck p_ann constraint to produce excluded regions in the mass-coupling plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_07786_u1_t3r_subgev_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV U(1)_T3R Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.07786", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast pipeline exists for the combined sub-GeV direct-detection bounds (XENON1T boosted-DM, CRESST-III, CDEX-1B) and Planck energy-injection constraint applied to this model's inelastic/isospin-violating two-mediator scattering and channel-dependent annihilation (likelihood_available: no on all cosmological/direct-detection constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module: compute sigma_SI with the scalar/vector mediator form factors, interface to published XENON1T/CRESST-III/CDEX-1B efficiency curves, and couple the annihilation-channel classification (p-wave, co-annihilation, invisible) to ExoCLASS/DarkHistory f_eff tables for the Planck injection bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_10263_light_rh_neutrino_lepto_axiogenesis_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Light-right-handed-neutrino lepto-axiogenesis axion dark matter (freeze-out)", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.10263", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood or digitized exclusion contours exist for combining Y_B, Omega_a h^2, and Delta N_eff in this model's (f_a, m_S, m_N, y_N) space; the dark-radiation constraint comparison is only a quoted Delta N_eff > 0.17 label and the baryon-yield underproduction region was not digitized.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the primary paper's allowed/excluded contours and wrap the standard Planck+BBN Delta N_eff likelihood (and CMB-S4 forecast at sigma(Delta N_eff) ~ 0.06) into a scan-ready likelihood over (f_a, m_a, m_S, m_N, y_N, Y_theta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_0067_z4_late_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z4 late-decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0067", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Visible-decay flux limits for the near-degenerate splitting regime (delta_m near 2 m_e, very soft e+e- or neutrino-only final states) exist only as un-digitized figure contours in the source literature; the card records likelihood_available: partial and un-recast exclusion regions for the charged-lepton decay channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and recast the soft-lepton and neutrino decay-flux constraints (Galactic and extragalactic, plus CMB energy-injection limits for the e+e- branch) into a lifetime-vs-branching likelihood keyed to (delta_m, tau_chi_star, branching fractions).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_07126_alp_catastrogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP catastrogenesis dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.07126", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The final constraints step uses approximate CMB GW limits, astrometry forecasts, and abundance cuts as hard boundaries; no composed likelihood exists that evaluates a (m_a, V, N, epsilon_b, T_ann) point against the very-low-frequency GW data and the f_ALP <= 1 and T_ann > 5 eV consistency requirements.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood combining published CMB B-mode/temperature bounds on Omega_GW at ultra-low frequencies, Gaia/Roman astrometry GW sensitivity curves, and the ALP abundance target, wrapped so that the semi-analytic Omega_GW(f) and Omega_a predictions can be scanned with a standard sampler.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_07639_gauged_global_qcd_axion_strings_v1", "model_name": "Gauged global string QCD axion model", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.07639", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "CMB angular-power constraints on string tension have not been recast for this model's mixed Y-junction network of global, heavy-core, and gauge strings; the primary paper invokes G_mu bounds only qualitatively, so no quantitative allowed region in (v_1, v_2, e) exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the simulated network's string abundance and effective tension spectrum onto the unconnected-segment-model templates used in Planck string analyses and rerun the CMB likelihood to derive quantitative G_mu limits for the hybrid network.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_03414_left_right_mirror_sterile_dirac_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Left-right mirror symmetric sterile Dirac fermion CDM", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.03414", "score": 28.6, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The domain-wall CMB safety check rests on an order-of-magnitude Delta T/T scaling with no domain-wall network simulation or CMB anisotropy likelihood for dark Z2M breaking at v_0 ~ 0.1 MeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a scaling-regime domain-wall network simulation (or apply published wall-network CMB constraints such as Zeldovich-type bounds recomputed for this wall tension) to replace the order-of-magnitude estimate with a quantitative Planck-based bound on v_0.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_06788_two_component_adm_bound_state_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Two-component asymmetric dark matter via bound states and freeze-in decay", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.06788", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN/CMB energy-injection likelihood exists for late bound-state decays into boosted light dark matter with associated visible entropy injection near the BBN epoch; the card flags the timing but implements no likelihood (con_late_decay_bbn_injection has likelihood_available no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast that maps Gamma_B, T_decay, and visible branching assumptions onto existing BBN codes (AlterBBN/PArthENoPE) and CMB energy-injection machinery (ExoCLASS/DarkHistory), producing exclusion contours in the (Gamma_B, m_heavy/m_light, coupling) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_bino_decay_gravitino_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-to-gravitino non-thermal dark radiation model", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical BBN/CMB spectral-distortion likelihood is attached for the photon injected in the bino-to-gravitino decay; the lifetime cap tau_B < 1e4 s and energy-release bounds are taken conceptually and graphically from the paper (likelihood_available: approximate/no).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the electromagnetic-injection constraint with a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with photodisintegration) plus COBE/FIRAS mu- and y-distortion Green's-function limits, parameterized by (tau_B, zeta), and expose it as a likelihood over the model's lifetime-energy plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_08778_cmssm_ld_vectorlike_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM LD 5+5 vector-like extension with neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08778", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The global likelihood is not reusable: the source MultiNest scan combined a now-outdated LUX hard cut, source-era flavor/Higgs data, and pre-2021 muon g-2 inputs into a private likelihood, so surviving regions cannot be re-evaluated against modern LZ/XENONnT/PandaX direct detection or the current a_mu value.", "proposed_resolution": "Reassemble the global likelihood from public components — DDCalc-style LZ/XENONnT SI likelihoods replacing the LUX hard cut, current HiggsSignals/HiggsBounds datasets, FlavorKit observables, Planck Omega h^2, and the updated muon g-2 world average — and rerun the scan with MultiNest or a modern sampler over the CMSSM+LD parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_04848_starobinsky_scalar_preheating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-inflaton scalar dark matter from dark-sector preheating", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04848", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB constraint on T_reh with dark preheating was obtained by recasting the published Starobinsky reheating parameterization, not by rerunning a CMB likelihood; there is no joint likelihood connecting the preheating-modified N_star to Planck/BICEP-Keck data.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the analytic N_star(T_reh, coupling) to (n_s, r) map as a theory module in Cobaya/MontePython and sample against the Planck 2018 plus BICEP/Keck likelihoods to get proper posterior bounds on T_reh and the couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_fast_decaying_axino_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fast-decaying axino gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the m_axino-m_3/2 region classification: the overclosure/reheating bound is a hard analytic cut against the quoted abundance normalization and the BBN checks are approximate literature tables, so the narrow Region III viability cannot be quantified statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's thermal-yield and lifetime formulas as a scan code over (m_axino, m_3/2, f_a, T_R, superpartner spectrum) with a joint likelihood combining the Planck Omega_DM h^2 measurement and tabulated BBN late-decay bounds, replacing the figure-level allowed/excluded regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1507_04351_interacting_cdm_dark_radiation_drag_v1", "model_name": "Interacting cold dark matter-dark radiation drag model", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1507.04351", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological constraint rests on Planck 2015 TT+lowP, CFHTLenS, and Planck SZ summary statistics partly inferred assuming LCDM; no model-consistent likelihood analysis with current CMB, BAO, and weak-lensing data exists, so the reported preference for nonzero drag cannot be treated as current evidence.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the inference in Cobaya/MontePython with Planck 2018 (or ACT/SPT) likelihoods, DESI/BOSS BAO, and full KiDS/DES weak-lensing likelihoods evaluated on the model's own matter power spectrum instead of LCDM-derived S8 summaries.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_00455_dark_baryon_sddm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-baryon self-destructing dark matter", "family": "self_destructing_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00455", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for SDDM visible-energy decay topologies (one to three lepton pairs with fixed invariant masses and directionality) in large neutrino detectors; detector-specific efficiencies, exposures, and backgrounds for Super-K, Borexino, SNO+, and DUNE are absent from the model paper, so limits in the rate-per-volume versus mass/lifetime plane cannot be set.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Super-K boosted-dark-matter and dinucleon-decay searches into an SDDM event-rate-per-volume likelihood: build detector geometry/exposure models, apply published multi-lepton reconstruction efficiencies and atmospheric-neutrino backgrounds, and release limits in the m_V versus daughter-mass plane as a reusable likelihood module extensible to SNO+ and DUNE.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10487_lmu_ltau_majorana_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) L_mu-L_tau Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "leptophilic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10487", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for the combined Planck relic-band plus PICO-60/LUX spin-dependent constraints on this model; the card notes only contour-level information is available and figure contours would need digitizing.", "proposed_resolution": "Once a model implementation exists, build a composite likelihood combining a Gaussian Planck Omega h^2 term with the published PICO-60 exposure limit (e.g. via DDCalc's spin-dependent likelihood machinery) instead of digitized exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11332_su2d_chiral_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D chiral fermion dark matter", "family": "chiral_fermion_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11332", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood is packaged for the constraints applied to this model: the XENON1T bound and LZ/XENONnT projections have no likelihood on the card, the relic-plus-perturbativity limit is only approximate, and the Higgs-invisible-width exclusion below about 57 GeV exists only as a paper statement requiring recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's sigma_SI output into DDCalc's XENON1T/LZ likelihoods, add a Gaussian Planck Omega h^2 term, and recast the ATLAS/CMS Higgs invisible branching-ratio limit through the sin^2(theta)-scaled invisible width formula to form a composite reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06611_mev_scalar_pseudoscalar_portal_v1", "model_name": "MeV complex-scalar thermal dark matter with pseudoscalar lepton portal", "family": "thermal_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06611", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood maps the solver output (N_eff, light-element abundances, Omega_chi h^2) onto the mass/branching plane; the card records likelihood_available as unknown/none for both cosmological constraints, so bounds are currently read off published figures.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the three-sector solver output to PRIMAT or PArthENoPE for light-element abundances and to the Planck N_eff posterior (e.g. via Cobaya/MontePython), producing a reusable likelihood over (m_chi, BR_EM, BR_nu, sigma_v).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_02207_simplified_spin1_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Simplified spin-1 dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.02207", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihoods exist for any constraint on this model: beam-dump/LDMX limits are event-count contours only, XENON1T/XENON10 electron-transition limits require operator-dependent recasting to the b5/b7 spin-1 matrix elements, and CMB/IGM energy-injection bounds are applied as published exclusion curves for other partial-wave assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode digitized 90% C.L. beam-dump contours and recast the XENON electron-recoil limits to the spin-1 b5/b7 cross sections (e.g. via QEdark-style form factors), and map the b_i-dependent annihilation partial waves onto Planck p_ann and IGM-temperature likelihoods, packaging all of them as reusable interpolated likelihood functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_05199_higgs_portal_gravitational_production_v1", "model_name": "Higgs portal scalar dark matter with gravitational reheating production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.05199", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forecast likelihood exists for the production-channel discrimination route: the mapping from future CMB B-mode measurements to H_inf and from primordial-GW spectral measurements to T_R is stated only qualitatively, with no experiment covariance or inflation-model likelihood encoded.", "proposed_resolution": "Build Fisher/mock likelihoods for LiteBIRD/CMB-S4 r-measurements (giving H_inf) and a DECIGO-like primordial GW spectrum (giving T_R via the reheating-induced spectral knee) for a chosen inflation model, then propagate the posteriors onto the abundance contours from gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509275_cmssm_gravitino_tp_ntp_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM gravitino dark matter with thermal and NLSP-decay production", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509275", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public BBN/CMB energy-injection likelihood reproduces the paper's constraint: the BBN code with hadronic injection and adopted light-element ranges is private, and no machine-readable CMB spectral-distortion bound is supplied for the (tau_NLSP, E_em, E_had, Omega_NLSP) inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS) with hadronic cascade yields and stau bound-state catalysis, couple it to updated light-element abundance likelihoods and the FIRAS mu/y distortion bound, and expose it as a function of (m_NLSP, m_3/2, B_h, Omega_NLSP h^2).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11332_su2d_two_component_chiral_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D chiral fermion plus T-prime boson dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11332", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists for the two-component constraints: the xenon spin-independent bound and the two-species relic-consistency condition are available only as paper-level statements (likelihood_available no/approximate), with no packaged abundance-weighted direct-detection likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a composite likelihood combining a Gaussian Planck term on the summed Omega h^2 with DDCalc XENON1T/LZ likelihoods evaluated on the fraction-weighted sum of the two components' recoil spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_04304_u1_emu_dirac_leptophilic_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_{e-mu} Dirac leptophilic dark matter with two-loop neutrino masses", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.04304", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB energy-injection bound on the Breit-Wigner-enhanced annihilation is applied only as a quoted B_CMB threshold (e.g. B_CMB > 40.32 excluded at 400 GeV); no tool computes the velocity-averaged enhancement at recombination-era velocities for this model and folds it through a Planck likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive <sigma v>(v) over the CMB-era velocity distribution for the resonant Zprime propagator and feed the resulting p_ann into ExoCLASS or DarkHistory with the Planck 2018 injection likelihood, scanning the resonance parameters a_x and m_Zprime - 2 m_X.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_01164_pure_scalar_inelastic_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pure-scalar inelastic coannihilation dark matter model", "family": "inelastic_scalar_coannihilation", "arxiv": "2111.01164", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public displaced-vertex likelihood or recast exists for the s2 long-lived-particle signature: the route carries only the paper's HL-LHC projection with no attached likelihood, and detector acceptances were not rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing ATLAS/CMS Run-2 displaced-vertex plus missing-energy searches for this topology using the LLP modules of MadAnalysis 5 or CheckMATE, and encode the HL-LHC 3 ab^-1 projection as an efficiency map over (m2, c tau_s2, production cross section).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_10092_su3_tenplet_accident_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(3) x U(1) ten-plet accident dark matter", "family": "accident_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10092", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihoods exist for any of the model's observables: the Delta N_eff bound, the multi-component relic plus halo-morphology constraints, and the direct-detection recast are all stated as unavailable in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the analytic Delta N_eff prediction in a Planck/BBN N_eff likelihood (e.g. via a MontePython/Cobaya likelihood module), and package the direct-detection recast against published xenon exclusion curves once gap_3 closes, giving a joint likelihood over (m_DM, g_D, lambda_H, T_prime_over_T).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf2_v1", "model_name": "Two-flavor chiral composite asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No direct-detection recast or likelihood exists for GeV-scale composite dark baryons scattering through a ~100 MeV dark photon: the light-mediator momentum dependence and detector thresholds for ~1 GeV dark matter are outside standard heavy-mediator WIMP pipelines, and the card records likelihood_available no.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DDCalc/DarkBit-style recoil machinery with a light-mediator propagator form factor and low-threshold XENONnT/LZ/DARWIN efficiency curves for m_DM near 1 GeV, exposing a likelihood in (m_DM, m_A_prime, epsilon, alpha_D).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf3_bl_portal_v1", "model_name": "Three-flavor chiral composite ADM with B-L portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection recast or likelihood exists for multi-component GeV dark baryons with nonzero U(1)_D charges scattering off protons via a ~100 MeV dark photon; light-mediator momentum dependence, multi-component abundances, and low thresholds are outside standard WIMP pipelines and likelihood_available is no.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a DDCalc/DarkBit-style recoil calculator with a light-mediator form factor, per-component abundance weighting over the dark baryon octet, and XENONnT/LZ/DARWIN efficiency curves for few-GeV dark matter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_16087_ksvz_axion_dgt5_q_decay_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axion dark matter with dimension-greater-than-five heavy-quark decays", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.16087", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN/CMB check is currently only the coarse T_decay^Q > 3 MeV temperature cut; no likelihood propagates the hadronic and electromagnetic injection from GeV-scale colored-relic decays with model-dependent final states into light-element and CMB constraints for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the Q decay spectra (per operator choice of q_L, d_R, u_R couplings) through a public late-decay BBN code such as ACROPOLIS/AlterBBN, extending it with hadronic-injection treatment where needed, to replace the 3 MeV proxy with an actual tau_Q-branching-ratio likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0710_1883_r_invariant_new_inflation_gmsb_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-invariant new-inflation gauge-mediated gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.1883", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged BBN/CMB energy-injection likelihood is available for this model's late NLSP decays; only related-literature gravitino-DM bounds exist and require recasting onto the new-inflation GMSB benchmark (con_bbn_cmb_late_decays: likelihood_available partial, recasting_needed yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the benchmark's (tau_NLSP, zeta_EM, zeta_had) through a public BBN energy-injection code such as ACROPOLIS, and wrap the resulting light-element and CMB bounds as a reusable likelihood over (m_3/2, T_R, NLSP parameters).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_cosmologically_stable_axino_codm_v1", "model_name": "Cosmologically stable axino-gravitino co-dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the cosmological region classification in the m_axino-m_3/2 plane: the thermal overclosure/reheating bound is imposed as a hard analytic cut against a fixed rho0/s0 = 4e-10 GeV normalization, and the BBN/structure comparisons are approximate literature tables rather than an implemented constraint pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's thermal-yield formulas as a scan code over (m_axino, m_3/2, f_a, T_R, superpartner spectrum) and attach a joint likelihood combining the Planck Omega_DM h^2 measurement with tabulated BBN late-decay bounds, replacing the figure-level allowed/excluded classification.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1406_4601_majoronic_dark_radiation_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majoronic dark radiation with residual-dark-parity scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.4601", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The constraint scan uses only historical inputs (2013-era N_eff hints of 3.6-3.8, LUX first result, early Higgs signal data); no likelihood pipeline against current Planck 2018 N_eff, LZ/XENONnT direct detection, and modern Higgs invisible-width limits exists, so the model's present viability cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the parameter scan with the muon-epoch Majoron decoupling Delta N_eff prediction tested against the Planck 2018 (and forthcoming CMB-S4) N_eff likelihood, sigma_SI against public LZ likelihoods via DDCalc, and Gamma_h_inv against current ATLAS/CMS invisible-width limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_05443_x_portal_vector_mev_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "X-portal vector MeV dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.05443", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled CMB energy-injection and BBN/N_eff likelihood recast for p-wave MeV annihilation to e+e- in this model; the cosmological mass window is currently an analytic estimate rather than a statistical constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the velocity-dependent energy-injection history with DarkHistory/ExoCLASS, the N_eff shift with AlterBBN, and couple both to the Planck likelihood for the model's e+e--dominated final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_07001_dirac_neutrino_portal_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal dark matter through the Dirac neutrino portal", "family": "neutrino_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.07001", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Rare-decay missing-energy constraints (E949/NA62 K+ -> pi+ + invisible, tau and meson decays) lack a reusable recast with experiment-specific efficiencies and spectra for an invisibly decaying pseudo-Dirac sterile mediator.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module that convolves the model's K/tau missing-energy spectra with published E949 and NA62 signal-region efficiencies, packaged as a likelihood over (m_4, U_alpha4) with invisible branching fraction as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_04858_primordial_extremal_black_hole_dark_electromagnetism_v1", "model_name": "Primordial extremal black holes with dark electromagnetism", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1906.04858", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing diffuse-gamma (COMPTEL/EGRET), BBN, and CMB injection limits apply to ordinary evaporating PBHs; no recast pipeline maps them onto the PeBH two-stage history (initial evaporation to the near-extremal state plus residual remnant emission) with the initial-to-remnant mass rescaling the source prescribes.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that takes the charged-remnant injection history from the extended Hawking code and rescales published f_PBH(M) evaporation constraints (and energy-injection BBN/CMB bounds) to f_eBH as a function of remnant mass and initial mass function, recovering the source's ~1.4e9 g BBN transition scale as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_prime_vector_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A': Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological and laboratory end-point constraints are not wired up as evaluable likelihoods for this model: Planck energy-injection, BBN photodisintegration/N_eff, and light-mediator direct-detection limits exist only as quoted exclusion statements, although public tools cover each physics ingredient.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast pipeline feeding the s2 outputs (mediator yield, lifetime, <sigma v>_rec with Sommerfeld enhancement) into DarkHistory/ExoCLASS for CMB energy injection, ACROPOLIS for BBN photodisintegration and N_eff, and DDCalc-style likelihoods for the kinetic-mixing nuclear-recoil rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_01164_scalar_vector_inelastic_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-vector inelastic coannihilation dark matter model", "family": "inelastic_scalar_coannihilation", "arxiv": "2111.01164", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented recast pipeline exists for the displaced inelastic-DM searches (HL-LHC displaced vertices, FASER forward decays, STCF-style low-mass searches); the route attaches no public likelihood and only qualitative reach statements from related work.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate A prime-mediated s1 s2 production with MadGraph+Pythia and build acceptance maps for displaced decays: use FORESEE for the FASER forward geometry and MadAnalysis 5/CheckMATE LLP modules for central displaced-vertex searches, packaged as an efficiency grid over (m2, Delta, epsilon, g_D, c tau_s2).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m1_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with right-handed scalar mediator Model 1", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BESIII and LHCb hyperon branching-ratio likelihoods are not packaged and experiment-specific efficiency models are unavailable, so laboratory limits can only be applied as a single quoted 90% CL upper bound rather than a proper likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a packaged likelihood from the published BESIII invisible-hyperon search (BR < 7.4e-5) and LHCb hyperon analyses, including an efficiency model per hyperon species, in a recasting framework so Wilson coefficients map directly to exclusion significance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_08508_alternative_u1x_dirac_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Alternative U(1)_X Dirac right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08508", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The constraint overlays use published exclusion curves rather than current experiment likelihoods: no up-to-date joint recast (latest LHC dilepton dataset, current xenon-experiment likelihoods, Planck Delta N_eff posterior) exists for this model's parameter bands.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a joint scan using public recast machinery: current dilepton resonance limits applied to the X boson (e.g. a ZPEED-style recast with the paper's charges), DDCalc for spin-independent limits, and the Planck N_eff likelihood, over (m_chi, m_X, g_X, x_H).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13009_near_continuum_z_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-continuum Z-portal dark matter", "family": "continuum_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13009", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "CMB constraints on late decays of above-gap continuum states require energy-injection likelihoods that integrate over a continuum of lifetimes and injection spectra weighted by the spectral density; existing decaying-dark-matter injection tools only treat a single species with a single lifetime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DarkHistory or ExoCLASS with an injection term integrated over the continuum lifetime distribution tau(mu) and abundance rho(mu), then evaluate Planck energy-injection likelihoods to bound the allowed spectral-density and portal-coupling region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01960_resonant_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Resonant pseudo-Dirac dark matter", "family": "pseudo_dirac_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01960", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB (or BBN photodissociation) energy-injection likelihood accepts the strongly velocity-dependent resonant annihilation rate of this model; standard Planck p_ann limits assume a constant s-wave cross section and cannot be applied blindly, as the card itself notes.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the redshift-dependent <sigma v>(v(z)) from the resonant thermal history into ExoCLASS or DarkHistory to compute the recombination-era injection and rerun the Planck anisotropy likelihood; add a BBN photodissociation check for the small-delta_R edge using the same injection history.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01960_resonant_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Resonant pseudo-Dirac dark matter", "family": "pseudo_dirac_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01960", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No accelerator recast exists for the resonant inelastic-dark-matter target: beam-dump and collider dark-photon limits must be remapped to the model's epsilon-g_D plane with the near-threshold m_A = 2 m_chi(1+delta_R) kinematics, semi-visible/displaced chi_2 decay modes, and the CMB-allowed coupling targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a dark-photon recast framework (e.g. DarkCast plus experiment acceptance maps) with the inelastic chi_1-chi_2 branching structure and chi_2 lifetime, and recompute existing beam-dump/collider exclusions along the resonant relic-target curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_11822_alp_photon_dark_photon_depletion_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with photon-dark-photon gauge-field depletion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.11822", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast maps the predicted magnetic and dark-photon spectra of the heavier ALPs (m_phi ~ 10^-12-10^-8 eV, large g_X = g_AX couplings) onto the X-ray photon-ALP conversion and CMB spectral-distortion bounds, which were derived for late-time ultralight magnetogenesis with different spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the constraint mapping for the paper's spectra: propagate the produced B and dark-photon backgrounds through photon-ALP-dark-photon mixing to compute X-ray conversion signals and mu/y distortions, then compare against COBE/FIRAS and X-ray survey limits as a reusable likelihood over (m_phi, f, g_A, g_AX).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412304_low_reheating_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating visible sterile-neutrino hot dark matter subcomponent", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412304", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihoods exist for the constraints that define the viable region: the BBN Delta N_eff bound at low T_R, and the radiative-decay X-ray/DEBRA/SN1987A bounds recast to a hot sterile subcomponent with fraction f_s; only qualitative excluded regions from the proceedings are recorded.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a radiative-decay flux calculator (Gamma_rad from m_s, sin^2 2theta, scaled by f_s) interfaced to current diffuse X-ray background and cluster limits, and encode the low-reheating BBN Delta N_eff bound as a likelihood, replacing the digitized historical exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0512172_negative_m0_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Negative-m0-squared mSUGRA gravitino superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0512172", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The BBN/CMB viability of late slepton decays is undetermined (likelihood_available unknown; the paper defers detailed cosmology): no public likelihood evaluates electromagnetic plus hadronic injection and charged-slepton bound-state catalysis for the model's tau_NLSP and Y_NLSP.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the analytic decay yields to a public BBN injection code (e.g. extend ACROPOLIS with hadronic yields and stau/selectron catalyzed BBN) plus the FIRAS spectral-distortion bound, returning allowed regions in (m_3/2, m_NLSP, Y_NLSP).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1602_05427_composite_accidental_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Composite accidental QCD axion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.05427", "score": 23.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative likelihood or recast pipeline exists for the ultralight-ALP byproducts (CMB polarization precession for 1e-33 to 4e-28 eV masses and black-hole superradiance for 1e-18 to 1e-10 eV); the paper only quotes mass windows.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published CMB birefringence constraints and black-hole spin/superradiance exclusion regions onto the (m_ALP, f_PQ) plane of the specific composite constructions that produce extra singlet ALPs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_07102_bosonic_forbidden_mesonic_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bosonic forbidden light dark matter with meson-decay portals", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.07102", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN/CMB likelihood is available for MeV-scale thermal scalar dark matter with a temperature-dependent forbidden annihilation rate; the m_1 above a few MeV and CMB-safe late-annihilation requirements are only rough analytic filters on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate N_eff and light-element yields with an MeV-DM-capable BBN code (e.g. an AlterBBN/PRyMordial-type extension with the thermalized S1-phi sector) and fold the exponentially suppressed <sigma v>(z) into the standard Planck energy-injection (p_ann) likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_07102_fermionic_secluded_mesonic_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic secluded light dark matter with meson-decay portals", "family": "light_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.07102", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN/CMB likelihood covers this MeV-scale p-wave secluded scenario: the effects of the thermalized X1-phi sector on N_eff and light elements, the pre-BBN phi decay requirement, and the velocity-suppressed recombination-era annihilation are only rough analytic filters on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine an MeV-DM-capable BBN code (AlterBBN/PRyMordial-type with the X1-phi sector and phi lifetime injection) with the Planck p-wave energy-injection treatment to produce a joint likelihood over (m_1, m_phi, y_phi, theta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m2_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with scalar mediator Model 2", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BESIII and LHCb hyperon branching-ratio likelihoods are not packaged and experiment-specific efficiency models are unavailable, so laboratory limits can only be applied as a single quoted 90% CL upper bound rather than a proper likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a packaged likelihood from the published BESIII invisible-hyperon search (BR < 7.4e-5) and LHCb hyperon analyses, including an efficiency model per hyperon species, in a recasting framework so Wilson coefficients map directly to exclusion significance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_14764_sesm_inelastic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SESM general-scalar-potential inelastic scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.14764", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection likelihood handles the model's inelastic kinematics: XENON1T nuclear-recoil and XENONnT electron-recoil constraints were applied at benchmark level with an effective coupling, and no released likelihood evaluates inelastic Higgs/Z-mediated recoil spectra with a mass splitting Delta m.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an open direct-detection package (e.g. DDCalc or a wimprates-based pipeline) with inelastic up/down-scattering kinematics and atomic ionization form factors for xenon, and wire in the public XENON1T nuclear-recoil and XENONnT electron-recoil data as a Poisson/profile likelihood over (M_S1, Delta m, eta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14801_type_iii_inert_doublet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-III radiative inert-doublet scalar dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14801", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No digitized limit curves or likelihoods are assembled for the joint fit: the Planck relic band, the LZ spin-independent upper limit, and the XENONnT/Borexino/TEXONO/Super-K neutrino magnetic-moment bounds are only quoted, not packaged as evaluable constraints over the model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Use DDCalc for the LZ likelihood, a Gaussian Planck relic band, and digitized published mu_nu exclusion curves from XENONnT/Borexino/TEXONO to build a joint likelihood over (M_R1, splittings, quartics, Yukawas, M_Sigma), including relic-fraction rescaling of the direct-detection bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15760_z3_scotogenic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scotogenic neutrinophilic scalar dark matter", "family": "neutrinophilic_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15760", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN/CMB excess-radiation bound is only quoted from minimal-model literature; no dedicated Delta N_eff calculation or likelihood exists for this model's neutrino-coupled thermal history with the extended-scenario cancellations the paper invokes.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the model-specific neutrino-sector heating with a nudec_BSM-style decoupling code including S1, S2, and N, and interface the resulting Delta N_eff to Planck and BBN (AlterBBN/PRyMordial) likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0005123_low_reheat_massive_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat stable massive neutrino dark matter", "family": "massive_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0005123", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood implements the modern BBN/CMB lower bound on T_RH (about 4.1-4.7 MeV in the cited Planck-era analysis); con_neutrino_low_reheat_floor has likelihood_available: partial and recasting_needed: yes, so the historical near-1-MeV window cannot be statistically tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published low-reheat neutrino-thermalization plus BBN/Planck analysis (arXiv:1511.00672-style) into a reusable T_RH likelihood module combining N_eff and light-element data, shared across the low-reheat model family.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0810_4421_scale_invariant_vector_field_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Locally scale-invariant vector-field cold dark matter", "family": "modified_gravity_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0810.4421", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The only quantitative constraint, M_S < 400 eV or M_S > M_Pl, is quoted from prior literature with no likelihood (likelihood_available: no for both card constraints); no CMB or LSS likelihood pipeline can currently be run for this model, so the disfavored intermediate-mass window cannot be rederived or updated with modern data.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the perturbation module of gap_1 exists, wire it into a standard cosmological sampler (Cobaya/MontePython with Planck, BAO, and growth likelihoods) to refit the Weyl-vector mass M_S, the coupling f, and phi_0, replacing the quoted background-era bound with a perturbation-level exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0903_0660_many_copy_standard_model_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Many-copy Standard Model hidden-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_baryonic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0903.0660", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No Delta N_eff/BBN likelihood is connected to the hidden-sector radiation density predicted by modulated reheating into N Standard Model copies; the BBN consistency check is currently a qualitative energy-budget argument.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the predicted hidden-sector radiation density to an effective Delta N_eff and evaluate it against a standard BBN/CMB likelihood (e.g. an AlterBBN or PArthENoPE-based Delta N_eff grid plus the Planck N_eff posterior), wiring the reheating branching ratios in as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_4858_millicharged_atomic_dm_elastic_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged atomic dark matter with elastic nuclear scattering", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4858", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The critical direct-detection observable is compared only to Xenon100-era published limits via an effective proton cross section; no detector-response module or modern recoil-spectrum likelihood exists for the screened atomic form-factor scattering, so present-day exclusions on epsilon cannot be stated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the momentum-dependent screened form factor as a nonstandard interaction in a direct-detection recast framework (DDCalc or an NREFT-based likelihood pipeline) and evaluate current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, validating against the paper's epsilon contours at alpha_prime = x_e = 0.1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_08430_complex_scalar_dark_higgs_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light-dark-Higgs complex scalar sub-GeV dark matter", "family": "sub_gev_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.08430", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB/BBN energy-injection likelihood covers the metastable dark Higgs with lifetime of order 0.01-10 s decaying to e+e-; the card's cmb_bbn_filter is an approximate flag, so late electron-photon reheating and recombination-era injection constraints are not quantitatively applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the metastable S abundance, lifetime, and electromagnetic injection spectrum into ACROPOLIS for BBN and ExoCLASS/DarkAges for recombination-era CMB constraints, and add the s-wave annihilation p_ann limit from the Planck likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_08430_pseudo_dirac_dark_higgs_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light-dark-Higgs pseudo-Dirac sub-GeV dark matter", "family": "sub_gev_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.08430", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB/BBN energy-injection likelihood exists for the long-lived dark Higgs (tau_S of order 1 s or longer, decaying to e+e-) combined with recombination-era s-wave annihilation of the pseudo-Dirac pair; the card's filter step is only a qualitative flag.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the metastable S abundance and electromagnetic injection and evaluate it with ACROPOLIS (BBN) and ExoCLASS/DarkAges plus the Planck p_ann bound (CMB), noting that pseudo-Dirac coannihilation suppresses the recombination-era s-wave rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1812_10963_leptophilic_light_flavon_hot_relic_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic light flavon hot-relic model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1812.10963", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable BBN/CMB electromagnetic energy-injection likelihood is bundled for the decaying pseudo-Goldstone flavon: the allowed regions in (m_eta, tau_eta, Omega_eta h^2) are read off published plots, not computed from a likelihood over the two-photon injection history.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the eta abundance and lifetime with an energy-deposition code (e.g. exoCLASS/DarkAges or Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi-style BBN injection tables) to build a likelihood over the (m_eta, tau_eta, Omega_eta,0 h^2) grid covering BBN through recombination photon injection.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_vector_mediator_m3_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with vector mediator Model 3", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BESIII and LHCb hyperon branching-ratio likelihoods are not packaged and experiment-specific efficiency models are unavailable, so laboratory limits can only be applied as a single quoted 90% CL upper bound rather than a proper likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a packaged likelihood from the published BESIII invisible-hyperon search (BR < 7.4e-5) and LHCb hyperon analyses, including an efficiency model per hyperon species, in a recasting framework so Wilson coefficients map directly to exclusion significance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_09249_dark_dimension_dark_graviton_v1", "model_name": "Dark-dimension dark graviton dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.09249", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood recasts CMB/BBN energy-injection and N_eff constraints onto a decaying multi-component graviton tower whose mass distribution evolves in time; existing decay constraints assume a single decaying species with fixed mass and lifetime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an energy-injection framework (e.g. DarkHistory or ExoCLASS) to accept a time-dependent superposition of decaying species drawn from the tower solver output, and combine with BBN photodissociation limits and Planck N_eff to produce exclusion contours in (T_i, m_KK, visible branching fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_11408_hidden_self_interacting_dirac_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Hidden self-interacting Dirac dark matter with scalar-mediated first-order phase transition", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.11408", "score": 22.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The visible-portal recast route has no implemented pipeline mapping portal coupling and mediator lifetime onto CMB energy-injection, BBN, and direct-detection limits for a late-decaying light dark scalar.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the mediator decay spectrum in ACROPOLIS for BBN and ExoCLASS/DarkAges for CMB energy injection, and add a portal-suppressed nucleon cross-section map for direct-detection recasting, scanned over (epsilon, tau_phi, m_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_14345_nonthermal_decay_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal decay-produced dark matter for the Hubble tension", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.14345", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN/CMB energy-injection likelihood exists for the viable lifetime band: constraints on visible energy release at tau ~ 10^2-10^4 s were cited from generic late-decay studies but never recomputed for this model's branching fractions and abundance, so con_decay_bbn_cmb is a recast target without a likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Run ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN for electromagnetic/hadronic injection and an ExoCLASS-style CMB energy-injection calculation over a (tau, f m_chi_prime/m_chi, visible branching) grid, and package the resulting light-element and CMB exclusion contours as a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_6189_split_neutrino_sneutrino_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Split-neutrino right-handed sneutrino inflaton dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.6189", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB constraint on the flat-direction inflaton uses only the amplitude and tilt normalization quoted in the 2012 primary paper; no Planck-era likelihood evaluation of (h, m_phi, A) exists (likelihood_available: no for cmb_flat_direction_inflation_target).", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the NH_uL flat-direction potential in a slow-roll inflation pipeline (e.g. an ASPIC-style module) and confront the predicted (A_s, n_s, r) with the Planck 2018 likelihood to map the allowed (h, m_phi, A) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_0618_symmetric_light_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric light-mediator self-interacting dark matter benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.0618", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public direct-detection likelihood implements the light-mediator recoil spectrum with the momentum-transfer form factor F(q) for an MeV-scale mediator; standard contact-operator WIMP limits cannot be applied to this benchmark, and the paper provides only illustrative projected contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc or the public LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) with the mediator propagator form factor (q^2 + m_phi^2)^-2 in the recoil spectrum, parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, epsilon_eff), and validate against the paper's projected contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1504_04371_dark_pair_plasma_vectorlike_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermally produced dark pair plasma of vectorlike fermions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.04371", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cluster-merger morphology likelihood exists (the card lists both the merger-morphology and mixed-DM CMB likelihoods as unavailable), so simulated dark-clump offsets cannot be statistically compared to weak-lensing and X-ray data for Abell 520/3827 and the Bullet Cluster.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a summary-statistic likelihood on lensing-peak/X-ray-peak/galaxy-centroid offsets from published Abell 520, Abell 3827, and Bullet Cluster reconstructions, with simulation-based forward modeling of the offset distribution over cluster initial-condition systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1903_03631_type_i_seesaw_majoron_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-I seesaw Majoron warm dark matter completion", "family": "majoron_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.03631", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB lifetime bound tau_J > 50-160 Gyr is only quoted from a pre-Planck analysis under a thermal-Majoron abundance mapping; no current-data likelihood exists to re-derive the bound for this completion's actual abundance, mass, and distribution (likelihood_available: partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Run the gap_2 solver against Planck 2018 TTTEEE+lensing likelihoods (via MontePython or Cobaya) scanning (m_J, tau_J, abundance) to produce an updated, reusable lifetime-abundance exclusion surface replacing the quoted 2007-era bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_06869_so10_u1_higgs_portal_singlet_doublet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1) Higgs-portal singlet-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.06869", "score": 21.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The complete-model inflation consistency check (s4) has no implemented likelihood: the SO(10) inflaton potential coefficients are compared only to Planck 2018 central values of n_s and A_s rather than evaluated against the Planck inflation posterior jointly with the GUT-threshold and dark-matter parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the slow-roll predictions (n_s, r, A_s) as functions of the SO(10) potential coefficients and evaluate them against the published Planck 2018 inflation chains (or a Gaussian approximation to the n_s-r posterior), sharing parameters with the GUT-threshold sector.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_06161_fimpzilla_conformal_scalar_v1", "model_name": "FIMPzilla scalar dark matter from a conformal sector", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.06161", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB tensor-to-scalar constraint on H_I (and hence T_R under efficient reheating), the model's principal experimental handle, is applied as an approximate exclusion curve rather than a proper likelihood interface to current r bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published BICEP/Keck+Planck tensor-to-scalar likelihood (e.g. via the released r posterior chains or a cobaya/MontePython interface) as a module mapping (m_phi, d, lambda, Lambda) to the required H_I and returning a likelihood, replacing the approximate curve in the abundance plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0407646_scalar_tensor_dm_baryon_relaxation_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-tensor dynamical relaxation of the dark-matter-to-baryon ratio", "family": "coupled_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0407646", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The viability checks are frozen at WMAP-era approximations (10 percent BBN expansion deviation, CMB shift parameter R_0, Cassini beta_b bound) with likelihood_available no; no modern BBN, Planck, LSS, or SN Ia likelihood evaluation exists for the modified expansion and growth histories.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the gap_1 solver to an AlterBBN-style BBN code with modified H(T), and to Planck CMB, BAO/LSS, and SN Ia likelihoods in a standard sampler (Cobaya/MontePython), replacing the shift-parameter and 10-percent-H rules of thumb.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_03123_deeply_bound_sexaquark_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Deeply bound uuddss sexaquark dark matter", "family": "sexaquark_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.03123", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihoods exist for the model's constraint set: nuclear-stability/deuteron-decay (SNO/Super-K), neutron-star, and DM-baryon scattering (CMB and direct-detection) limits are quoted only as compiled exclusion statements with likelihood_available no.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood over (m_S, lambda, sigma_Sb): recast published Super-K/SNO nucleon- and deuteron-decay lifetime limits into the S decay/conversion rates, and reuse the public Planck DM-baryon scattering likelihood machinery for sigma_Sb.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_04054_extremal_kerr_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extremal Kerr black hole dark matter from Hawking evaporation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.04054", "score": 20.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast tool or likelihood exists for direct detection of neutral Planck-mass extremal Kerr relics: the flux estimate reuses charged-relic detector assumptions that the card itself flags as inapplicable, and no detector-response model or track-search likelihood covers gravitational-only macroscopic relics.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive an event-rate model for Planck-mass relics from the local flux (rho_DM/M_EKBH times v_DM) with the relic's actual geometric/gravitational cross section, and wrap it as an exposure-based likelihood for large-area track detectors and paleo-detector searches, separating charged-analogue and neutral cases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_4321_pmssm_gravitino_lsp_model_set_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM gravitino LSP model set", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.4321", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN/CMB/diffuse-background late-decay constraint is applied via approximate digitized hadronic and electromagnetic injection curves with approximate decay-product mapping (notably for colored NLSP hadronization and neutrino limits), not a public likelihood in (tau_NLSP, abundance, branching fractions).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a public likelihood interpolating modern BBN injection bounds (Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi-type curves, or ACROPOLIS extended to hadronic injection and long lifetimes) over NLSP lifetime, yield, and hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions, including a colored-NLSP hadronization treatment.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_08205_three_scalar_inelastic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-scalar inelastic scalar dark matter model for muon g-2 and XENON1T", "family": "inelastic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.08205", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihoods exist for the route's statistical step: the XENON1T electron-recoil excess fit, the muon g-2 Gaussian target, and the Planck p_ann energy-injection bound with model-specific visible branching fraction are all unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct a binned XENON1T ER likelihood from the published data release and background model, add a Gaussian Delta a_mu term with the current world average, and map annihilation channels through published deposition efficiencies f_eff to the Planck p_ann limit in one joint likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_16480_minimal_susy_u1x_gaugino_singlet_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-parity-conserving minimal SUSY U(1)_X gaugino-singlet neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.16480", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN effective-radiation bound on right-handed-neutrino decoupling is applied only as a quoted threshold; no Delta N_eff likelihood connecting v_X, g_X, and the Z-prime-mediated decoupling temperature to BBN/CMB data is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the Z-prime-mediated right-handed-neutrino decoupling rate versus Hubble to get Delta N_eff(v_X, g_X) on a grid and attach it to standard BBN (PArthENoPE/PRyMordial) and Planck N_eff likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5709_neutrinophilic_u1_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic local U(1) singlet-fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5709", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection viability check uses only the source-era WMAP band and XENON100 limit; no likelihood against current LZ/XENONnT spin-independent limits and the Planck relic band has been implemented for this model's (m_psi, mixing) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the gap_1 model output to a modern direct-detection likelihood (e.g. DDCalc with LZ/XENONnT data) and the Planck Omega h^2 measurement, replacing the WMAP/XENON100 curves logged from the source.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2101_11019_asymmetrically_reheated_twin_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetrically reheated Twin Higgs Portal scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.11019", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood is wired up for any of the model's constraints (all three carry likelihood_available: no): the diluted sigma_SI is not connected to detector likelihoods, and the Delta N_eff target is not connected to Planck or CMB-S4 forecast likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's sigma_SI(m_S, lambda_HS/D) output to DDCalc (LZ/XENONnT/DARWIN projections including the neutrino floor) and its Delta N_eff output to the Planck N_eff posterior and a CMB-S4 Fisher forecast within a MontePython/Cobaya scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_03724_qg_broken_z2_scalar_dm_domain_wall_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-gravity-broken Z2 singlet scalar dark matter with domain walls", "family": "singlet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.03724", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline converts the QG-induced S_2 decay (heavy scalar decaying via Higgs mixing to photons, e+e-, and neutrinos) into CMB energy-injection lifetime limits and SKA-band radio synchrotron sensitivity for this model's mass and Lambda_QG range.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute decay spectra for the heavy scalar with HDMSpectra (or PPPC-style tables at lower masses), feed them to DarkHistory/ExoCLASS for a Planck lifetime bound as a function of (m_DM, Lambda_QG), and model Galactic synchrotron from the e+e- channel with an RX-DMFIT-style code for the SKA projection.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_01973_u1dm_z3_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Global U(1)_DM-remnant Z3 scalar WIMP", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.01973", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the combined constraint set: the direct-detection bound is the historical LUX curve (likelihood_available: no) and the relic/Higgs/N_eff combination is a qualitative multi-observable cut, so allowed regions cannot be re-derived against current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline using DDCalc or the published LZ/XENONnT efficiency curves for sigma_XN, Higgs signal-strength and invisible-width likelihoods (e.g. Lilith/HiggsSignals), and the Planck N_eff posterior for the Goldstone dark-radiation contribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_05539_inflaton_incomplete_decay_wimplaton_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton dark matter from incomplete decay", "family": "inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.05539", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No CMB likelihood evaluation is connected to the model's inflationary sector: the card only makes a qualitative Planck/BICEP-era statement that quartic inflation is excluded while nonminimal/warm variants can fit n_s ~ 0.96-0.97, without a numerical exclusion for a specified potential.", "proposed_resolution": "Fix the nonminimally coupled inflationary completion, compute slow-roll (n_s, r, alpha_s) over the model parameter space, and evaluate the public Planck 2018 plus BICEP/Keck likelihood on those predictions (e.g. via Cobaya/MontePython).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_07940_leptophobic_zp_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophobic Zp Majorana dark matter simplified model", "family": "simplified_vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.07940", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined global likelihood exists for the exact leptophobic Majorana axial-coupling benchmark: existing global fits cover related spin-one mediator variants, and the width-dependent (Gamma/m up to 0.3) dijet limits plus monojet and direct-detection channels have not been assembled into one reusable likelihood for this coupling structure.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing global-fit framework (GAMBIT ColliderBit/DarkBit or a MasterCode-style pipeline) with the Majorana axial Z' model: implement width- and BR(Zp->chichi)-dependent ATLAS/CMS dijet likelihoods, a monojet recast, the Planck relic target, and the (suppressed) axial direct-detection channel, validating against the paper's benchmark exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01741_pbh_remnant_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "PBH-remnant dark matter from matter-era mini-PBH production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1905.01741", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No integrated likelihood module exists that jointly evaluates the Planck 2018 inflationary constraints (n_s, alpha_s, P_R normalization), pre-BBN evaporation and photon-background consistency, and the remnant Omega_rem = Omega_DM condition for a given attractor potential (route step s4 lists both likelihoods as unavailable).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a constraint pipeline that wraps the public Planck 2018 likelihood (or its n_s-alpha_s Gaussian summary) together with the analytic evaporation-before-BBN condition and the remnant-abundance target, exposing the inflaton-potential parameters, beta, M, and M_rem as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_07371_two_state_superfluid_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Two-state unified superfluid dark sector", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.07371", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline connects the model's predictions to data: neither a SPARC/RAR rotation-curve likelihood for the phonon force parameters nor a background+growth likelihood (CMB/BAO/SNe distances plus f*sigma8) over (Delta E, M, Lambda_1, Lambda_2, state populations) has been assembled.", "proposed_resolution": "Once gaps 1-2 provide forward models, wrap them in a Cobaya/MontePython sampler combining public Planck/BAO/SNe and f*sigma8 likelihoods with a SPARC rotation-curve chi-square, sampling the EFT parameters and initial state populations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02399_majoron_inverse_seesaw_dim6_v1", "model_name": "Dimension-six extended-inverse-seesaw Majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02399", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific late-decay likelihood exists: the two-loop J -> gamma gamma rate was not computed for this operator structure and the X-ray/CMB lifetime bounds were not rerun as functions of (m_J, tau_J, branching fractions).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-induced photon and tree-level neutrino decay widths in the dimension-six model, then recast published X-ray line searches and CMB decaying-dark-matter bounds (e.g. via an exoCLASS-type injection treatment) into a lifetime likelihood over the m_J range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_12118_adr_sterile_neutrino_axion_like_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like dark matter coupled to ADR sterile neutrinos", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.12118", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No combined likelihood exists that joins short-baseline appearance data, long-baseline/atmospheric disappearance nulls, and BBN/N_eff constraints for a sterile neutrino whose effective mixing is modified by ADR and a time-varying condensate-induced mass, so the claimed reopened parameter patches cannot be statistically tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a GLoBES-based or existing 3+1 global-fit framework to accept environment-dependent effective (Delta m^2, theta_es) from the ADR and condensate terms, and combine with a BBN helium-plus-N_eff likelihood module over the shared parameters (epsilon, m_phi, phi_0, Delta m^2, theta_es).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_0580_three_degenerate_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three degenerate light mixed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.0580", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The surviving three-degenerate corner is defined against WMAP5-era relic, LEP, and pre-2010 direct-detection data; no modern likelihood recast (Planck relic band, current low-threshold direct detection, current chargino/slepton limits) has been applied to test whether the corner survives at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the combined scan with the rebuilt model files against Planck Omega h^2, DDCalc-based recasts of current low-mass direct-detection experiments (CRESST-III, DarkSide-50, SuperCDMS), and current LHC electroweakino/slepton search limits on the 150-480 GeV slepton and near-LEP-limit chargino spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_05420_feeton_b_minus_l_threshold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-threshold feeton B-L gauge boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05420", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood is available for any of the model's probes: the card lists likelihood_available as unknown and no INTEGRAL/SPI 511-keV likelihood, decaying-dark-matter neutrino-flux likelihood, or CMB B-mode (H_inf) likelihood is packaged for the feeton parameter space (m_f, g_{B-L}).", "proposed_resolution": "Package a Gaussian likelihood on the SPI 511-keV bulge flux, recast existing Borexino/KamLAND low-energy neutrino-flux limits onto the feeton decay rate, and add the Planck/BICEP r-limit as a bound on H_inf via the quoted Omega_V(m_f, H_inf) production relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_03837_u1x_millicharged_dark_fermion_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X millicharged dark fermion freeze-in model", "family": "millicharged_hidden_sector_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03837", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card carries only a placeholder limitation record instead of real constraints: no likelihoods or recasts are attached for the millicharge bounds the card says constrain delta (e.g. direct detection, CMB DM-baryon scattering, stellar cooling, accelerator millicharge searches), because related-paper enrichment was not completed.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the enrichment pipeline on paper 2312_03837 to attach the actual millicharge constraint set, then map published millicharge exclusion curves onto the (m_chi, effective charge) plane as reusable likelihood or exclusion-region records.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_00455_tunneling_sddm_v1", "model_name": "Tunneling-stabilized self-destructing bound-state dark matter", "family": "self_destructing_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00455", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for SDDM visible-energy decay topologies in large neutrino detectors; detector-specific efficiencies, exposures, and backgrounds for Super-K, Borexino, SNO+, and DUNE are absent, so limits in the rate-per-volume versus m_V/daughter-mass plane cannot be set.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Super-K boosted-dark-matter and multi-lepton searches into an SDDM event-rate-per-volume likelihood with explicit detector geometry/exposure models, published reconstruction efficiencies, and atmospheric-neutrino backgrounds, released as a reusable module extensible to SNO+ and DUNE.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_logarithmic_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Logarithmic-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No FRB-lensing likelihood exists that turns a compact boson-star mass function and fraction f_DM into constraints or forecasts from observed FRB catalogs; the route's optical-depth calculation is a forecast mapping with no statistical pipeline over current CHIME/ASKAP samples.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an FRB millisecond-lensing likelihood module: point-lens optical depth over the observed FRB redshift distribution with instrumental time-resolution selection effects, taking (M_L, f_DM) grids as input and validated against published FRB compact-object constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_14882_light_2hdm_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light two-Higgs-doublet fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14882", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection recast exists for this model's p-wave (velocity-suppressed) sub-GeV annihilation into muons through the light scalar; the constraint card cites CMB limits only qualitatively with likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the late-time velocity-weighted annihilation rate including the resonance and feed the muon final-state injection spectra through ExoCLASS or DarkHistory to derive Planck exclusion contours in (m_DM, m_H, Y_chi, Y_l).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701011_axino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "axino LSP superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701011", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for late NLSP decays in the (tau_NLSP, energy release, branching fraction, n_X/s) space: BBN electromagnetic/hadronic injection limits, catalyzed-BBN bounds for charged sleptons, and CMB spectral-distortion limits are all available only as published exclusion curves needing recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood module on top of a public injection code (ACROPOLIS/AlterBBN-style) covering EM and hadronic cascades, add the CBBN bound-state catalysis rates for charged parents, and include COBE/FIRAS mu- and y-distortion limits, exposing tau_NLSP, branching fractions, and n_X/s as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701011_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "gravitino LSP superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701011", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood maps NLSP lifetime, abundance, and electromagnetic/hadronic branching fractions onto BBN light-element and CMB spectral-distortion constraints for this scenario, including catalyzed BBN from charged slepton bound states; the card supplies only qualitative allowed/excluded statements (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a (tau_NLSP, n_X/s, B_EM, B_had) likelihood by interfacing NLSP decay spectra with an energy-injection BBN code (extend ACROPOLIS/AlterBBN to include the CBBN bound-state reaction network for charged relics) and add a Green's-function mu/y spectral-distortion calculator against COBE/FIRAS limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_0618_asymmetric_light_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric light-mediator self-interacting dark matter benchmark", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.0618", "score": 17.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public direct-detection likelihood implements the light-mediator recoil spectrum with the momentum-transfer form factor F(q) for an MeV-scale mediator; standard contact-operator WIMP limits cannot be applied to this benchmark, and the paper provides only illustrative projected contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc or the public LZ/XENONnT likelihoods) with the mediator propagator form factor (q^2 + m_phi^2)^-2 in the recoil spectrum, parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, epsilon_eff), and validate against the paper's projected contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_01301_planck_remnant_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planck-mass black-hole remnant dark matter from evaporation", "family": "black_hole_remnant_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.01301", "score": 17.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The route lists a CMB/BAO Delta N_eff likelihood as required but none is wired in: the dark-radiation companion signal, the only practically observable handle on this scenario (the remnants themselves are gravitational-only), can currently be compared to data only through the quoted 0.03-0.2 target range rather than through current Planck-era and Stage-IV projected likelihoods (constraint records likelihood_available: partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Connect the Delta N_eff output to an existing public CMB+BAO likelihood pipeline (Planck-based N_eff posterior plus a Stage-IV CMB Fisher/mock likelihood) so the (M_i, f_i, hidden light degrees of freedom) space can be scored directly, including the pre-BBN evaporation consistency cut as a hard prior.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_03909_subdominant_particle_x_direct_collapse_v1", "model_name": "Subdominant decaying particle X direct-collapse dark-sector model", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03909", "score": 15, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented energy-injection likelihood exists for X's photon injection: the COBE/FIRAS f_X ~ 1e-2 bound and the above-threshold CMB anisotropy constraints are used only as summary numbers, without deposition-efficiency modeling for X's decay spectra and tau_X ~ 1e15 s lifetimes.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement X's two- and three-body photon spectra in DarkHistory (or an ExoCLASS DarkAges module) to compute deposition efficiencies, couple to the Planck anisotropy likelihood and a FIRAS mu/y distortion calculation, and release the resulting (f_X, m_X, tau_X) constraint surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0005123_low_reheat_wimp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat WIMP dark matter", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0005123", "score": 7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood implements the modern BBN/CMB lower bound on T_RH (about 4.1-4.7 MeV from the Planck-era analysis cited in the card); con_wimp_low_reheat_floor has likelihood_available: partial and recasting_needed: yes, so historical near-1-MeV benchmarks cannot be statistically tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published low-reheat neutrino-thermalization plus BBN/Planck analysis (arXiv:1511.00672-style) into a reusable T_RH likelihood module combining N_eff and light-element data, applicable to any low-reheat dark-matter card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 12, "rank_structure_formation": 18}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Lyman-α forest modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 106, "n_models": 106, "weight": 2964.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 52, "weight_structure_formation": 1493.9, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 37, "degrades_precision": 53, "minor": 12, "unknown": 2, "blocks_all_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 96, "small": 10}, "members": [{"model_id": "2205_12983_ultra_light_pion_baryon_wimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-Light Pion and Baryon WIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.12983", "score": 45, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The ULP linear transfer function is not computed (transfer_function_shape unknown), so the scale of small-scale power suppression and its consistency with existing ULDM structure bounds cannot be checked for the three-pion system.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the linear perturbation evolution of the three oscillating pion fields with axionCAMB or the CLASS scalar-field module, extract the half-mode scale versus (m_pi, F_pi), and map onto published Lyman-alpha and subhalo ULDM mass bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_04901_self_interacting_neutrino_dw_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile neutrino dark matter with active-neutrino self-interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04901", "score": 43, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The case-dependent nonthermal f_s(x,z) spectra (warmer or cooler than thermal) have not been propagated to a linear transfer function, so Lyman-alpha and small-scale-structure limits derived for thermal WDM or standard-DW spectra cannot be rigorously applied to this model's momentum distributions.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the solver's f_s spectra into CLASS's ncdm module with arbitrary distribution functions to compute T(k) across the parameter band, then recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints (via existing WDM/nu-s emulator mappings on the half-mode scale) instead of thermal-equivalent-mass rules of thumb.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_02514_singlet_doublet_freeze_in_fast_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet freeze-in dark matter in fast-expansion cosmology", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.02514", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal momentum distribution f_chi1(p) from freeze-in decays and scatterings in the fast-expansion background has never been derived, so the warm-DM small-scale suppression cannot be computed or mapped onto thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated (momentum-dependent) freeze-in Boltzmann equation for chi_1 including the modified H(T), feed the resulting tabulated f(p) into CLASS as a non-cold relic to get the transfer function, and map the cutoff onto an equivalent thermal-WDM mass for use with existing Lyman-alpha likelihoods/emulators.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_06364_twin_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Twin sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.06364", "score": 41, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cooled N_B momentum distribution after twin-sector production and SM-bath entropy injection is not tabulated, so structure constraints rest on an approximate thermal-WDM mass rescaling (M_min ~ 25 keV x T_B/T_A) instead of actual transfer functions and warmness likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Output the momentum-resolved f(p) from the twin-sector production solver (gap_1 tool), feed it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to get the matter-power cutoff, and map onto existing Lyman-alpha/Milky-Way-satellite warm-DM likelihoods via the half-mode mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_04163_late_pq_phase_transition_axion_parametric_resonance_v1", "model_name": "Late-PQ-phase-transition axion parametric-resonance dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04163", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The resonance-produced axion phase-space distribution (initial k_a ~ m_s/2, then redshifted) has never been mapped to a linear matter transfer function; the warmness constraint currently uses only a v_a < 1e-4 rule-of-thumb comparison to thermal WDM rather than a CLASS/CAMB non-cold-dark-matter calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Take the resonance momentum spectrum (from gap_1's simulation or the analytic delta-function approximation at k_a ~ m_s/2), feed it to CLASS's ncdm module with an arbitrary distribution function, compute T(k) over the (m_s, f_a, T_RH) plane, and recast against Lyman-alpha WDM constraints via existing WDM likelihood mappings.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal Dirac-fermion dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale-structure constraint uses only a rough free-streaming-length estimate (r_FS < 0.1 Mpc); no FIMP phase-space distribution is propagated to a transfer function or Lyman-alpha likelihood for the decay-produced momentum distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the DM momentum distribution from sterile-neutrino and NLSP decay kinematics, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold dark matter species, and compare the resulting transfer function to Lyman-alpha forest bounds instead of the r_FS estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_11846_thdm_sterile_neutrino_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "THDM sterile-neutrino-portal scalar-singlet dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11846", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale-structure test is only the rough free-streaming estimate r_FS < 0.1 Mpc; no decay-produced phase-space distribution is propagated to a transfer function or Lyman-alpha likelihood for the FIMP scalar.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the scalar DM momentum distribution from the decay kinematics of each production channel, implement it as a non-cold species in CLASS, and compare the suppressed transfer function to Lyman-alpha forest constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5466_r_invariant_gauge_mediation_gravitino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "R-invariant gauge-mediated gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5466", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No thermal-equivalent WDM mapping exists for the entropy-diluted gravitino: the post-dilution gravitino temperature and momentum distribution have not been derived, so the 1-10 keV gravitino cannot be translated into the m_WDM variable used by Lyman-alpha analyses.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the diluted gravitino phase-space distribution analytically (thermal distribution redshifted by the dilution factor Delta), compute its transfer function with CLASS using an ncdm species with the derived temperature-to-photon ratio, and match the half-mode scale to the standard thermal-relic m_WDM parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_09794_type_iii_seesaw_freeze_in_n_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw freeze-in long-lived singlet N dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.09794", "score": 36, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The N phase-space distribution from h -> NN freeze-in is not derived (card: distribution_function_available no, free_streaming_length null), so the claimed CDM-like transfer function for the m_N = 0.1 GeV benchmark is unverified against Lyman-alpha free-streaming bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced momentum distribution f(q) with standard freeze-in kinetic theory, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute the transfer function, and compare the resulting suppression scale to thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_13754_z3_dirac_fermion_nonthermal_dm_self_interacting_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 Dirac fermion dark matter from self-interacting scalar freeze-out", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13754", "score": 35.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal phase-space distribution of the decay-produced Dirac fermion has not been derived, so the transfer function and free-streaming suppression are unknown and the paper's claimed consistency with Lyman-alpha limits cannot be verified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for two-body decay production from the cannibalizing scalar (including its nonstandard temperature history), feed it to CLASS as a non-cold species, compute the linear transfer function, and compare the suppression scale to Lyman-alpha warm-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_07372_hot_big_bang_black_hole_evaporation_particle_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stable particle dark matter from hot-big-bang black-hole evaporation", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.07372", "score": 35.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale-structure constraint rests on a rough thermal-WDM equivalence (m_min^wdm = 4.65 keV) applied to the distorted Hawking momentum spectrum; no linear transfer function has been computed for the actual nonthermal distribution of evaporation-produced dark matter, so the ~100 keV mass floor is only approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the redshifted phase-space distribution f(q) from the spin-dependent Hawking spectra of the instantaneously evaporating black-hole population, feed it into CLASS or CAMB as a non-cold species with a tabulated distribution, and recompute the half-mode scale and Lyman-alpha-equivalent mass floor across the (T_RH, M_min, m_dm, spin) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0705_2406_decaying_majoron_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.2406", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No majoron phase-space distribution or transfer-function mapping exists for the beta-parameterized (thermal plus out-of-equilibrium) production, so the keV majoron's roughly 1 Mpc free streaming cannot be recast onto thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for the majoron as a function of beta and the decoupling degrees of freedom N_D, feed it through CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute T(k), and map the resulting half-mode scale onto existing thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha emulator/likelihood bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_09194_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational dark matter from first-order-phase-transition PBHs", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.09194", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm-DM bound is only a quoted TeV-scale example; no transfer-function calculation propagates the redshifted Hawking spectrum into a linear matter-power cutoff for this model, so the free-streaming constraint cannot be recast quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Insert the Hawking-emitted distribution into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold species with custom f(q), compute the transfer-function suppression, and recast Lyman-alpha and satellite-count WDM limits by half-mode-mass matching.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_01007_massive_dark_photon_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive dark photon from axion tachyonic production", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.01007", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation bound on the warm dark photon uses a boost-factor criterion (gamma_eq < ~1.1e4) mapped from sterile-neutrino WDM studies instead of a transfer function computed for the actual nonthermal, helicity-asymmetric vector momentum distribution, so the free-streaming cutoff and viable f_a floor are only approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Take the produced vector momentum distribution (from the lattice or the linear tachyonic-band estimate), feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic with custom f(q), compute the linear transfer-function cutoff, and recast against Lyman-alpha/half-mode WDM limits to replace the sterile-neutrino analogy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_13754_z3_dirac_fermion_nonthermal_dm_higgs_portal_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Z3 Dirac fermion dark matter from Higgs-portal scalar freeze-out", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.13754", "score": 34.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal phase-space distribution of the decay-produced Dirac fermion has not been derived, so the transfer function and free-streaming suppression are unknown and the paper's claimed consistency with Lyman-alpha limits cannot actually be checked.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for two-body decay production from the frozen-out scalar, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold-dark-matter species with this distribution, compute the linear transfer function, and compare the resulting suppression scale to Lyman-alpha warm-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11344_vector_dm_magnetic_dipole_absorption_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter with electron magnetic dipole coupling", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11344", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal phase-space distribution f(p) of vector dark matter produced by MDM-operator freeze-in (and by the gravitational/parametric-resonance channels) has not been derived, so no transfer function exists and the warm-DM constraint is only a conservative mass floor rather than a quantitative small-scale-power bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) from the freeze-in collision term for the MDM operator (tracking the electroweak phase during production and T_RH dependence), feed it into a Boltzmann solver such as CLASS as a non-cold relic species to compute the transfer function, and map the resulting suppression onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM likelihoods to replace the ad hoc keV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1309_1934_dbi_galileon_thermal_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "DBI Galileon reheating thermal gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1309.1934", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card claims a warm, suppressed small-scale power spectrum (smooth cutoff) for the O(100) eV to keV gravitino, but no phase-space distribution function is provided (distribution_function_available: no) and no route computes the transfer function, so the structure-formation viability of the warm mass window cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gravitino momentum distribution from reheating-era thermal production in the modified DBI Galileon expansion history, feed it as an ncdm f(p) into CLASS to obtain the transfer-function cutoff, and confront it with Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite-count warm-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_real_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Cosmological damping is judged only through a rough 100 kpc free-streaming-length proxy; no linear transfer function has been computed for the nonthermal split-SIMP phase-space distribution (distribution_function_available: unknown), so Lyman-alpha and satellite-count constraints cannot be applied quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the post-freeze-out momentum distribution f(q) from the 4-to-2/freeze-in solver, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute T(k), and recast against existing Lyman-alpha WDM-equivalent bounds via the standard half-mode-mass mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_07078_dark_fermion_decay_injection_self_scattering_v1", "model_name": "Dark fermion self-scattering with scalar-decay injection", "family": "mixed_thermal_nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07078", "score": 34, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The large-scale-structure observable cannot be evaluated: the paper stops at the relic abundance and no pipeline maps the evolved nonthermal f(p,T), with its decay-induced high-momentum bump, onto a linear matter transfer function or free-streaming scale.", "proposed_resolution": "Export the final f(p) from the extended fBE solver as a tabulated psd for CLASS's ncdm sector, compute the mixed cold-warm transfer function and half-mode mass, and compare against Lyman-alpha/satellite-count WDM-style bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_09194_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_curvature_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational dark matter from curvature-perturbation PBHs", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.09194", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm-DM free-streaming constraint is only a rough TeV-scale scaling estimate; no transfer-function calculation exists that maps the redshifted Hawking momentum spectrum to a linear matter-power cutoff for this model's (m_chi, M_PBH) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the Hawking-emitted distribution into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic with a custom f(q), compute the suppressed transfer function, and recast Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite WDM bounds via the standard half-mode-mass matching.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1904_10015_blsmis_two_component_fimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "BLSMIS two-component S_1^1 plus nu_H^1 FIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.10015", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal momentum distribution of the keV S_1^1 warm component from Z'-mediated freeze-in has not been derived (distribution_function_available: unknown), so no mixed cold+warm transfer function exists for this two-component model and its scale-dependent suppression of small-scale power cannot be computed or confronted with Lyman-alpha/subhalo warm-DM limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the freeze-in phase-space distribution f(q) of S_1^1 from the Z'-decay and annihilation collision terms, feed it (together with the cold nu_H^1 fraction) into CLASS as a mixed cold-plus-noncold species to obtain the two-component transfer function, and map the result onto existing thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha bounds as a function of the S_1^1 abundance fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11344_vector_dm_electric_dipole_absorption_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter with electron electric dipole coupling", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11344", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal phase-space distribution f(p) of vector dark matter produced by EDM-operator freeze-in (and by the gravitational/parametric-resonance channels) has not been derived, so no transfer function exists and the warm-DM constraint is only a conservative mass floor rather than a quantitative small-scale-power bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) from the freeze-in collision term for the EDM operator (tracking the electroweak phase during production and T_RH dependence), feed it into a Boltzmann solver such as CLASS as a non-cold relic species to compute the transfer function, and map the resulting suppression onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM likelihoods to replace the ad hoc keV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1611_04590_subkev_fermionic_fermi_pressure_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-keV fermionic dark matter with Fermi-pressure dwarf cores", "family": "warm_fermionic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.04590", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal or colder hidden-sector momentum distribution f(p) invoked to relax the Lyman-alpha tension is only sketched; no derived distribution exists to feed a Boltzmann code, so the transfer-function step cannot be run for the non-thermal case.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for the Flooded-Dark-Matter colder hidden-sector and low-momentum nonthermal realizations (freeze-out plus entropy injection), tabulate it, and pass it to CLASS via the ncdm sector with a custom distribution file to compute model-specific transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_04964_l2_right_sneutrino_nonthermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter with L=2 masses", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.04964", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The momentum distribution of the decay-produced right-sneutrino (and any keV-scale sterile-neutrino component) is not derived, and the card supplies no thermal-WDM mapping, so the warmness of the nonthermal relic and the Lyman-alpha viability flagged in the constraint caveats cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f(p) of sneutrinos from freeze-in and late NLSP decays, compute the linear transfer function with CLASS, and map to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass so existing Lyman-alpha and Dodelson-Widrow-style bounds can be applied.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_01086_extended_lmu_ltau_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended L_mu-L_tau singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01086", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution f(p) of the scattering-produced scalar is not available (distribution_function_available: no); the hot/warm/cold classification rests on a free-streaming-length criterion rather than a computed transfer function, leaving the warm/cold mass split near 1e-4 GeV imprecise.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) from the momentum-dependent N N -> phi_dm phi_dm source term during leptogenesis, feed it to CLASS as an ncdm species to compute the transfer-function cutoff, and replace the free-streaming-length categories with a quantitative Lyman-alpha-style bound on m_phi_dm.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_12290_q_ball_model_a_solitosynthesis_v1", "model_name": "Q-ball dark matter from Model A solitosynthesis", "family": "nontopological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12290", "score": 33, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Structure-formation behavior of Model A Q-ball dark matter is entirely unquantified on the card (linear transfer function, small-scale power, and isocurvature/Poisson effects from very massive discrete objects are all 'unknown'), so no linear-cosmology observable can be attached to this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear-theory behavior of the post-freeze-out Q-ball population: compute the Poisson isocurvature power from the discrete macroscopic objects and any free-S relic component's free-streaming, and express the result as a transfer-function modification usable in CLASS/CAMB for Lyman-alpha and small-scale-structure comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_12545_hidden_sector_kev_fermion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector keV fermion warm dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.12545", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic momentum distribution f(p) of the keV hidden fermion after relativistic freeze-out and entropy dilution by hidden-scalar decay is not derived (card: distribution_function_available 'no', free_streaming_length null), so the warm-dark-matter structure suppression cannot be quantitatively mapped to Lyman-alpha or satellite bounds beyond the rough 100 kpc free-streaming estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the freeze-out plus entropy-dilution Boltzmann evolution to obtain the diluted f(p), feed it to CLASS as a tabulated non-cold relic to get the transfer function, and map to thermal-WDM-equivalent Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite mass bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0905_1253_leptophilic_nonthermal_wimp_cosmic_string_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic non-thermal WIMP model from U(1)' cosmic strings", "family": "nonthermal_leptophilic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0905.1253", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The linear small-scale power suppression is only qualitatively stated (smooth cutoff, free streaming possibly >= 0.1 Mpc); no transfer function or half-mode mass has been derived from the approximate burst-produced momentum distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Write down the redshifted monochromatic f(p) from string-loop burst production, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold (ncdm) species, and extract the transfer-function cutoff and half-mode mass for comparison with Lyman-alpha and subhalo-count constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02904_lepton_portal_freeze_in_scalar_hierarchical_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal freeze-in scalar with hierarchical lepton couplings", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02904", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in phase-space distribution f(p) of the keV scalar is not derived (card lists it as unknown), so its free-streaming suppression and the Lyman-alpha bound the card flags for subdominant keV dark matter cannot be included in the cosmological analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for the inverse-decay and 2-to-2 freeze-in production to obtain f(q), feed it to CLASS as a non-cold-dark-matter species, and apply Lyman-alpha constraints via the standard WDM-equivalent transfer-function mapping for fractional keV dark matter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_08249_inverse_seesaw_kev_neutrino_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale inverse-seesaw keV sterile-neutrino freeze-in model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08249", "score": 32, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The decay-produced sterile-neutrino momentum distribution f(p) has not been derived (the card gives only rate/number evolution), so the free-streaming length, half-mode mass, and warm-dark-matter transfer-function cutoff of this candidate cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for the decay-produced phase-space distribution (as done for heavy-particle-decay freeze-in in the literature), then feed f(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic to obtain the transfer function and compare against Lyman-alpha and satellite-count warm-DM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06039_linear_nonminimal_inflaton_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter from linear non-minimally coupled inflaton decay", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06039", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution or linear transfer function exists for the decay-produced keV-scale scalar: the card gives distribution_function_available: no and transfer_function_shape: unknown, and the Lyman-alpha bound is applied only through an imported 4 keV thermal-WDM mass criterion whose mapping to this nonthermal decay-produced population is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced f(p) (redshifted two-body decay spectrum from the inflaton condensate through the heating history), feed it to CLASS with a non-cold relic species to compute the transfer function, and recast onto Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via the standard half-mode-mass matching to thermal WDM or an existing Lyman-alpha emulator, replacing the flat 4 keV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_06039_linear_nonminimal_inflaton_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector dark matter from linear non-minimally coupled inflaton decay", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06039", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The phase-space distribution f(q) of the decay-produced vector DM is not computed (distribution_function_available is 'no'); the Lyman-alpha bound is imported as a 4 keV thermal-WDM mass floor rather than derived from the actual nonthermal spectrum of inflaton-condensate decay products.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced momentum distribution f(q) for two-body inflaton-condensate decay during reheating (standard decay-produced spectra with redshifting), and feed it into CLASS as a tabulated non-cold-dark-matter (ncdm) species to compute the model's actual transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_0265_mlrsm_kev_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal left-right symmetric keV right-handed neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.0265", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The N1 phase-space distribution after relativistic freeze-out through W_R/Z_R exchange followed by N2/N3 entropy injection has not been derived (distribution_function_available: unknown), so the quoted Lyman-alpha bound M1 > 1 keV cannot be recomputed for this model's actual thermal history.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for N1 freeze-out plus entropy dilution from N2/N3 decays, feed the resulting distribution into CLASS as a non-cold-DM species with a tabulated PSD, and recast against a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator to replace the cited literature bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_02692_reheating_produced_numsm_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheating-produced nuMSM sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02692", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No computation exists of the N1 phase-space distribution f(p) for the reheating-produced component sourced by the dimension-five Phi^dagger Phi N N / Lambda operator; the card records distribution_function_available: no, and the Lyman-alpha/structure-formation recast explicitly requires this nonthermal spectrum rather than a thermal-equivalent mass mapping.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing sterile-neutrino production solver (e.g. a sterile-dm/Venumadhav-style momentum-resolved code) with the operator-induced source term at T_R, derive f(p) as a function of A_11, T_R, and Lambda combined with the mixing-produced component, and feed the resulting transfer function to CLASS/CAMB for Lyman-alpha comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_06642_fermionic_clockwork_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic Clockwork FIMP with vector-like lepton portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06642", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FIMP phase-space distribution f_psi0(p) from gear and vector-like lepton decays/scatterings is not computed, so the possible small-scale power cutoff cannot be translated into an equivalent thermal-WDM mass and compared with Lyman-alpha limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for the FIMP momentum spectrum from each production channel, feed the resulting f(p) into CLASS to compute the linear transfer function, and apply the thermal-WDM-equivalent mapping of arXiv:1907.04558 to confront existing Lyman-alpha bounds across the (m_psi0, q, N) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_01336_t_channel_superwimp_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "Excited-bound-state t-channel superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01336", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal dark matter momentum distribution from late mediator decay is not derived or tabulated, so the claimed Lyman-alpha relaxation cannot be turned into a quantitative bound; the paper states the relaxation only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for dark matter produced by decays of the depleted mediator population (including bound-state fractions), feed it through CLASS as a non-cold relic transfer function, and apply an area-criterion or emulator-based Lyman-alpha likelihood to map the viable (m_chi, tau_mediator) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_00654_feeble_b_l_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly gauged B-L freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.00654", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The sterile-neutrino momentum distribution f_N(p) from phi decays and Z'-mediated scattering has not been computed (only integrated yields), so the free-streaming/warmness properties and any Lyman-alpha or structure-formation recast are impossible; the card lists every linear structure-formation entry as unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f_N(p,T) for both production regimes (standard freeze-in phase-space techniques), feed the resulting distribution to CLASS as a non-cold relic to get the transfer function, and map onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM-equivalent bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1205_5826_mgmsb_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal GMSB gravitino superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.5826", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm-gravitino structure-formation test is reduced to a single analytic lambda_FS ~ 0.1 Mpc estimate; no transfer function computed from the actual decay-produced (non-thermal, delta-like injection) gravitino phase-space distribution exists, and no matter-power or Lyman-alpha likelihood is attached, so constr_warm_fs cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gravitino momentum distribution from the exponential NLSP decay (monochromatic injection redshifted through the decay epoch), feed it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to obtain T(k), and evaluate against a public Lyman-alpha/Milky-Way-satellite half-mode-mass constraint instead of the lambda_FS rule of thumb.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0906_2595_msugra_mixed_axion_axino_v1", "model_name": "mSUGRA mixed axion/axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.2595", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm thermally-produced axino subcomponent has no derived momentum distribution, free-streaming scale, or mixed cold+warm transfer function; the m_axino ~ 100 keV cold/warm divide and the tolerated warm fraction are qualitative statements.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermal and NLSP-decay axino phase-space distributions, run them as a subdominant non-cold species in CLASS/CAMB to get the mixed C+WDM transfer function, and compare the suppression to Lyman-alpha and satellite-count limits on fractional warm dark matter.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_09458_two_component_scalar_fimp_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Two-component scalar FIMP Higgs-portal model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09458", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in phase-space distribution f(q) for the two scalar components produced in Higgs decays has not been derived (card lists distribution_function_available unknown), and warmness is judged only by an approximate thermal-WDM mass mapping rather than a full transfer-function calculation for the mixed cold-plus-warm two-component mixture.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the analytic freeze-in momentum distribution from h -> phi_i phi_j decays, feed both components into CLASS as ncdm species with arbitrary f(q) to compute the mixed transfer function, and confront it with Lyman-alpha constraints via an existing WDM/mixed-DM emulator or area-criterion mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_05740_decay_induced_freeze_in_baryogenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decay-induced freeze-in baryogenesis scalar dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05740", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in scalar's momentum distribution f_S(p) is not available (distribution_function_available: no); Lyman-alpha limits are applied only through an approximate mapping of thermal-WDM mass bounds, giving a model-dependent 4-16 keV lower-bound range on m_S.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for S produced by F_i decays and scatterings to obtain f_S(p), feed it to CLASS as a tabulated non-cold-dark-matter species to compute the transfer function, and apply a Lyman-alpha flux-power constraint directly instead of the mapped WDM bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_02057_multicomponent_nonthermal_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Multi-component non-thermal flavon portal dark sector", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02057", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution f(p) has been derived for boosted daughter chi_1 fermions produced in late chi_2 decays, so the free-streaming suppression of small-scale power is only estimated with a qualitative lambda_FS argument and cannot be mapped to a transfer function or Lyman-alpha limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced daughter momentum distribution as a function of lifetime and mass hierarchy, feed it into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold-DM species to compute the transfer function, and recast against Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via existing WDM-style emulators or the area criterion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_03878_extended_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational dark matter from extended primordial-black-hole evaporation", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.03878", "score": 30, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card records a smooth-cutoff suppression of small-scale power and a Lyman-alpha warmness check, but no transfer function computed from the actual Hawking-emitted phase-space distribution integrated over extended mass/spin distributions exists (distribution_function_available is only approximate, simulation_calibrated is no).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the emitted f(p) by integrating greybody spectra over the PBH distribution and redshifting through the evaporation-modified expansion history, then feed it to CLASS as a non-cold species to derive transfer functions and a rigorous Lyman-alpha bound instead of the equivalent-warm-DM estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_axion_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha upper bound M_ScaM < ~1e4 Msun rests on a phenomenological isocurvature-to-Lyman-alpha mapping; no dedicated transfer-function or flux-power calculation exists for the ScaM small-scale power enhancement.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the ScaM isocurvature power spectrum from the transition parameters, propagate it through a Boltzmann code (CLASS with an added white-noise/isocurvature component) to the flux power spectrum, and compare against a public Lyman-alpha likelihood to replace the quoted mass ceiling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1603_05601_750gev_complex_scalar_freezein_kev_v1", "model_name": "750 GeV complex-scalar portal keV freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05601", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution or linear transfer function has been computed for the decay-produced keV chi: the card flags a smooth-cutoff power suppression and an approximate distribution function, but no free-streaming/warm-DM calculation exists, so Lyman-alpha and satellite-count style bounds on the 1-10 keV window cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nonthermal f(q) from a -> chi chi freeze-in decay production (standard decay-produced momentum distribution), feed it into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold dark matter species to obtain T(k), and map the resulting cutoff onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM-equivalent constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_02640_pseudo_goldstone_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Goldstone-mediated sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.02640", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The N1 phase-space distribution from late decay production — which the card flags as potentially warm with structure-formation implications — has not been derived, and no thermal-WDM mapping or transfer function exists (thermal_wdm_mapping.available: false), so Lyman-alpha and satellite-count constraints cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for decay-produced N1 from the Boltzmann solution of gap_1, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic to obtain the transfer function and half-mode mass, and map to existing thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite likelihoods for the warm parameter regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_06642_scalar_clockwork_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar Clockwork FIMP Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06642", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No nonthermal phase-space distribution f(p) of the a0 zero mode from gear decays has been computed (card: distribution_function_available = no), so the transfer function needed to recast Lyman-alpha/WDM limits onto light scalar Clockwork FIMPs cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent freeze-in Boltzmann equation for a0 produced in gear decays to obtain f(p), feed it to CLASS as a non-cold dark matter species to compute T(k), and apply the nonthermal-to-thermal-WDM mapping of arXiv:1907.04558 to set the Lyman-alpha bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_05298_inverse_seesaw_sterile_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter with dynamical lepton-number breaking", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.05298", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal nu_4 momentum distribution from nonrelativistic heavy-neutrino decays is only approximate on the card, and no dedicated linear transfer function has been computed, so the Lyman-alpha bound relies on an admittedly rough thermal-WDM mass mapping (m_nu4 > ~7.5 keV for m_WDM = 3 keV).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for decay production from a thermal parent including the entropy-dilution history, feed it into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to compute T(k), and recast against a public Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator via the area criterion instead of the reference mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_14226_conformal_scotogenic_rhn_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Conformal scotogenic right-handed-neutrino dark matter from supercooled FOPT", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14226", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FIMP production option (N_1 from singlet-scalar decay) is left for future work: neither the freeze-in relic abundance nor the resulting nonthermal momentum distribution has been computed, so the viability of the nonthermal branch of the relic observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the freeze-in yield from singlet decays with the supercooled reheating history (e.g. by extending micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module or a dedicated Boltzmann integration over the post-FOPT temperature evolution) and compute the N_1 phase-space distribution to check warmness against Lyman-alpha style bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_14226_hybrid_scotogenic_type_i_rhn_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid scotogenic/type-I right-handed-neutrino dark matter from relativistic bubble walls", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14226", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in option (N_1 production from singlet-scalar decay) is not worked out: neither the freeze-in yield in the supercooled post-FOPT history nor the resulting nonthermal N_1 momentum distribution has been derived, leaving the nonthermal branch of the relic prediction unevaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the singlet-decay freeze-in yield and N_1 phase-space distribution with the post-FOPT temperature evolution (extending micrOMEGAs' freeze-in machinery or a dedicated Boltzmann integration), and check the resulting free-streaming length against Lyman-alpha style warmness bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_03414_left_right_mirror_sterile_dirac_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Left-right mirror symmetric sterile Dirac fermion CDM", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.03414", "score": 28.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The linear transfer function and free-streaming suppression for a 5-10 keV Dirac fermion decoupled from a colder dark sector are not computed anywhere in the card; without the phase-space distribution mapped to a CLASS/CAMB non-cold species, the model's departure from CDM on small scales cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the N1 phase-space distribution at dark-sector freeze-out (thermal at the dark temperature), compute the effective warm-dark-matter mass rescaling for the colder hidden sector, and feed it to CLASS's non-cold-dark-matter module to obtain the transfer function and compare with Lyman-alpha WDM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_10043_sterile_neutrino_portal_fimp_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino portal FIMP fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.10043", "score": 28.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FIMP phase-space distribution from N -> chi phi decays and the resulting free-streaming length are not supplied (route caveat; distribution_function_available unknown), so any warm-dark-matter or structure-formation check on the decay-produced chi is currently impossible.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for chi from the out-of-equilibrium N decay kinematics (standard decay-produced spectra), compute the free-streaming length versus (m_chi, m_N, decay epoch), and map to a thermal-WDM-equivalent mass for Lyman-alpha comparison via CLASS ncdm.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_00117_leptonic_scalar_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic minimal scalar FIMP freeze-in model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.00117", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No derived phase-space distribution f(q) for the decay-produced scalar FIMP from F -> f s decays, and consequently no linear transfer function for this model; the card only records a yield and a momentum scale, so the Lyman-alpha comparison rests on a crude WDM-equivalence proxy.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-thermal f(q) for two-body parent decays during radiation domination (standard freeze-in kinetic theory), tabulate it as input to the CLASS ncdm module with a user-supplied momentum distribution, and produce T(k) tables over the m_s, m_F, T_R space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_07898_pbh_evaporation_multi_species_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation multi-species dark matter mass-spectrum model", "family": "primordial_black_hole_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07898", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The late-time phase-space distribution f(q) of the Hawking-emitted dark species is not derived (the card records only emission-time greybody spectra), so free-streaming lengths and linear transfer functions cannot be computed and relic-density degeneracies among the degenerate, arithmetic, and geometric mass spectra cannot be broken with structure-formation data.", "proposed_resolution": "Redshift the per-species Hawking emission spectra (from BlackHawk-type output or the paper's greybody formulae) through evaporation and entropy dilution to build today's f(q) for each species, then feed the multi-species distributions into CLASS/CAMB as non-cold (NCDM) components to obtain transfer functions and Lyman-alpha/Milky-Way-satellite style warm-DM bounds per mass spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_02485_kalb_ramond_like_particle_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kalb-Ramond-like particle dark matter", "family": "kalb_ramond_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.02485", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in KRLP momentum distribution f(p) has never been derived (the card records distribution_function_available unknown and transfer_function_shape unknown), so the claimed warm suppression of small-scale power cannot be turned into a transfer function and confronted with Lyman-alpha or satellite-count constraints; only a rough BBN-era warmness threshold exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated freeze-in Boltzmann equation for f(p,T) per production channel (inverse decay, annihilation, Compton), feed it to CLASS as a non-cold ncdm species to compute the linear transfer function and half-mode mass, then apply existing Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite likelihoods, including the mixed cold(GPP)/warm(freeze-in) fraction dependence.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_higgs_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha bound M_ScaM < ~1e4 Msun rests on a rough isocurvature-to-power-spectrum mapping; no dedicated ScaM transfer-function calculation of the small-scale isocurvature enhancement exists to feed a modern Lyman-alpha likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the ScaM isocurvature power spectrum from the transition parameters, implement it as a modified initial power spectrum in CLASS/CAMB, and recast against an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator to replace the order-of-magnitude mass ceiling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_08588_fermionic_dm_two_pbh_evaporation_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter from two evaporating PBH distributions", "family": "primordial_black_hole_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.08588", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution or linear transfer function for the evaporation-produced fermionic DM is available (distribution_function_available: unknown, all structure_formation entries unknown), so the warm-DM free-streaming exclusion quoted as m_DM below about 1 TeV cannot be recomputed for the two-population case.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the redshifted Hawking-emission momentum distribution summed over both populations, feed it as a nonthermal ncdm species into CLASS to obtain the transfer-function suppression, and map onto Lyman-alpha thermal-WDM bounds to replace the borrowed single-population 1 TeV warm-DM cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_14152_dark_sink_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Dark Sink freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.14152", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark matter momentum distribution is not available (distribution_function_available 'no'): the paper tracks only the number yield and dark-sector energy density, so the free-streaming and linear-power-suppression behavior of MeV-scale sink-processed freeze-in DM is unknown (structure_formation linear block all 'unknown').", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the FreezeIn Boltzmann treatment from integrated yields to the unintegrated f(p) (freeze-in injection plus sink-annihilation reshaping), then feed the resulting distribution into CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute the transfer function and Lyman-alpha-scale suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_02666_nonthermal_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal two-component singlet-scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.02666", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The momentum distribution of the ~7.1 keV phi_3 component produced nonthermally from Higgs decays and SM annihilations was never derived (distribution_function_available: no), so its free-streaming and the card's claimed mixed cold-warm transfer function cannot be computed or tested against structure data.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f_phi3(p,T) for the freeze-in production channels, then feed the resulting distribution into CLASS to obtain the mixed cold+warm transfer function and a Lyman-alpha-style constraint on the warm fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_02960_u1d_vectorlike_singlet_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D vector-like singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.02960", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal momentum distribution of DM produced in heavy X decays is not derived (distribution_function_available: no) and all structure-formation entries are unknown, so for the light end of the quoted 10 eV to 2.5 GeV mass range the free-streaming suppression and warm-DM-type viability cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for the decay-produced singlet fermion from the X decay kinematics and subsequent redshifting, map it to a linear transfer function with CLASS using its non-cold relic machinery, and compare the resulting half-mode scale to Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite-count bounds to delimit the allowed M_DM range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_scalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 27, "severity": "unknown", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full nonthermal phase-space distribution f(q) of the freeze-in-produced dark matter is not computed (the paper evolves only number and energy densities), so free-streaming effects on the matter power spectrum and any Lyman-alpha-type structure bound cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent unintegrated Boltzmann equation for chi produced from neutrino annihilation through the light mediator (including reannihilation reprocessing), tabulate f(q), and pass it to CLASS as an ncdm species to obtain the linear transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_01604_spectator_pq_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spectator PQ-field ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.01604", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function or structure-formation mapping exists for the ultralight coherent S condensate, so its viability against small-scale-structure probes cannot be assessed; the problem is compounded because the OCR-extracted text leaves the ultralight m_S benchmark exponent unreliable, leaving the mass regime (and hence whether fuzzy-DM-like suppression applies) undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Confirm the m_S benchmark from the published PDF, then compute the S perturbation evolution (including the |S|^(2n) self-interaction pressure term) with an ultralight-scalar Boltzmann code such as axionCAMB or the CLASS ultralight-axion module to obtain the transfer function and compare to Lyman-alpha and CMB small-scale limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_pseudoscalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 26, "severity": "unknown", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full nonthermal phase-space distribution f(q) of the freeze-in-produced dark matter is not computed (the paper evolves only number and energy densities), so free-streaming effects on the matter power spectrum and any Lyman-alpha-type structure bound cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent unintegrated Boltzmann equation for chi produced from neutrino annihilation through the light mediator (including reannihilation reprocessing), tabulate f(q), and pass it to CLASS as an ncdm species to obtain the linear transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_05064_koto_scalar_p_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "KOTO two-scalar P dark matter", "family": "light_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05064", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The present-day phase-space distribution of P is not derived (card lists distribution_type and structure formation as unknown): a 10-125 MeV scalar produced by freeze-in near T_R ~ 10-100 MeV can retain a warm momentum distribution, and without f(p) no transfer function or Lyman-alpha/satellite comparison can be made, even though the card itself notes hot-relic masses in this range would be structure-formation excluded.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for the low-reheating freeze-in population (and the neutrino-portal freeze-out variant), feed it into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic to get the linear transfer function, and recast onto published WDM Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite-count limits via the half-mode mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_09515_sterile_neutrino_dark_sector_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with dark-sector freeze-out", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09515", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The sterile-neutrino momentum distribution at freeze-out has not been propagated to a linear matter power spectrum, so no transfer function, free-streaming scale, or Lyman-alpha comparison exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model's Fermi-Dirac distribution with effective chemical potential and temperature ratio xi into the CLASS ncdm module as a tabulated f(q), compute T(k) and the half-mode scale over the (M, xi) plane, and map onto thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha bounds for the constraint recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2002_00036_subkev_decaying_fermion_u1x_v1", "model_name": "Sub-keV decaying fermion dark matter in anomaly-free hidden U(1)_X", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2002.00036", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No nonthermal momentum distribution f(q) and linear transfer function have been computed for the Phi_6-decay-produced sub-keV fermion; only a delta-function free-streaming estimate (lambda_FS ~ 0.3-0.5 Mpc) exists, so Lyman-alpha and satellite-count constraints cannot be applied beyond a thermal-WDM proxy the card explicitly warns against.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the collisionless Boltzmann equation for decay-produced dark matter to obtain f(q) (analytic solutions for two-body decay production exist), feed it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm phase-space file to compute T(k), and recast Lyman-alpha limits via the Murgia-Viel {alpha, beta, gamma} transfer-function parameterization; the same f(q) sharpens the BBN/N_eff radiation-density check.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_13821_alp_gravitational_reheating_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle misalignment during gravitational reheating", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13821", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The semi-relativistic gravitationally produced ALP population has no derived late-time momentum distribution or transfer-function treatment, so its free-streaming imprint on linear structure (and any hot-fraction bound) cannot be evaluated; the card lists the linear structure-formation behavior as unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the phase-space distribution f(p) of the gravitationally produced ALPs from the 2-to-2 graviton-exchange production integrals in the reheating background, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold (ncdm) subcomponent alongside the cold misalignment field, and recast Lyman-alpha/hot-DM-fraction bounds on the resulting suppressed power spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13821_qcd_axion_gravitational_reheating_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion misalignment during gravitational reheating", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13821", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The semi-relativistic gravitationally produced axion population has no derived late-time momentum distribution or transfer-function treatment, so its free-streaming imprint on linear structure (and any hot-fraction bound) cannot be evaluated; the card notes no late-time transfer-function likelihood exists for this component.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the phase-space distribution f(p) of the gravitationally produced axions from the 2-to-2 graviton-exchange production integrals in the reheating background, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold (ncdm) subcomponent alongside the cold misalignment field, and recast Lyman-alpha/hot-DM-fraction bounds on the resulting suppressed power spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509275_cmssm_gravitino_tp_ntp_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM gravitino dark matter with thermal and NLSP-decay production", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509275", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mixed cold-plus-warm gravitino structure impact is only qualitative: no decay-produced gravitino momentum distribution f(q) has been derived and inserted into a Boltzmann solver, so no transfer function, half-mode mass, or thermal-WDM mapping exists for the NTP component (thermal_wdm_mapping available false).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for gravitinos from delayed two-body NLSP decay (redshifted decay-time distribution), implement it as a CLASS ncdm species mixed with the cold TP fraction, compute the suppression of the linear power spectrum, and compare against Lyman-alpha WDM-style bounds via existing emulators.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_17212_anomaly_free_axion_3hdm_bl_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free axion dark matter in a 3HDM with B-L Higgs fields", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.17212", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific transfer-function calculation exists for a thermally produced keV axion fraction; the card only uses the 5.3 keV thermal-relic WDM bound as a proxy, which the card itself flags as invalid for a mixed misalignment-plus-thermal momentum distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermal axion phase-space distribution f(p) for the model's production channels, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold (ncdm) species mixed with cold misalignment axions, and recast against Lyman-alpha flux-power data via an existing WDM-style emulator or area-criterion mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_10563_conformal_freeze_in_composite_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in composite dark-pion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.10563", "score": 24.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-pion phase-space distribution and linear transfer function have not been derived, so warm-DM and Lyman-alpha screens cannot be applied quantitatively; the card records no f(q), no free-streaming length, and no thermal-WDM mapping.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) from the COFI production plus confinement history, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to obtain the transfer function and half-mode scale, and map onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM bounds/emulators to produce a quantitative (m_DM, m_gap) exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_axino_lsp_axion_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB axino-LSP mixed axion/axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's warm-fraction criterion (regions with more than 50 percent warm dark matter) is qualitative: no mixed cold-plus-warm transfer function or thermal-WDM-equivalent mapping is derived for the TP/NTP axino momentum distributions, so structure-formation viability cannot be tested against data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the TP axino thermal-like distribution and the NTP distribution from neutralino two-body decay, compute mixed C+WDM transfer functions with CLASS for the resulting phase-space input, and recast against existing Lyman-alpha mixed cold/warm dark-matter fraction bounds to replace the 50-percent-warm heuristic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_5243_gmsb_nmssm_light_heavy_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated NMSSM light and heavy dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.5243", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution of the nonthermally produced LDM from late ONLSP decay has not been derived (distribution_function_available=no, all structure_formation entries unknown), so whether the light component free-streams enough to suppress small-scale power cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for the decay-produced LDM from the ONLSP lifetime and two-body kinematics (including redshifting after decay), and feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute the transfer function and check against Lyman-alpha warm-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_01804_low_reheat_hidden_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector glueball dark matter in a late-modulus low-reheat cosmology", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01804", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm/free-streaming constraint is imposed only through a present-day velocity proxy (v_G < ~3e-8); no glueball momentum distribution or linear transfer function has been computed for the nonthermal modulus-decay plus cannibalization production history, so the actual small-scale power suppression is unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the glueball phase-space distribution f(p) from the modulus-decay injection and hidden-sector cannibal evolution, implement it as an ncdm species in CLASS/CAMB (the card already lists an optional CLASS/CAMB warm-component calculation as a required resource), and extract the suppression scale for comparison with Lyman-alpha and dwarf-galaxy limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_04965_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational scalar singlet dark matter with a diluter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_generated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.04965", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution of the Hawking-produced scalar DM is not derived, so its free-streaming length after entropy dilution is unknown and no warmness/Lyman-alpha consistency check can be performed for the lighter part of the MeV-TeV mass range.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the Hawking-spectrum f(p) for the scalar including redshifting through the PBH- and diluter-dominated eras, compute the transfer function with CLASS using the custom distribution, and compare to Lyman-alpha WDM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_07345_fermion_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic UV freeze-in baryogenesis with early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07345", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal momentum distribution f(p) of the keV fermion from dimension-6 UV freeze-in, including redshifting through the EMD entropy-injection era, has not been derived; the Lyman-alpha bound is currently only a Delta_EMD^(1/3) rescaling of a thermal-equivalent mass limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated phase-space Boltzmann equation for the dimension-6 production kernel in RD and EMD histories, tabulate f(p) over the Delta_EMD = 1 to 1e4 scan, and feed it to CLASS as a custom ncdm distribution to obtain exact transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_07345_scalar_uv_freeze_in_baryogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "Scalar UV freeze-in baryogenesis with early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07345", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal momentum distribution f(p) of the keV scalar from dimension-5 UV freeze-in, including redshifting through the EMD entropy-injection era, has not been derived; the Lyman-alpha bound is currently only a Delta_EMD^(1/3) rescaling of a thermal-equivalent mass limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated phase-space Boltzmann equation for the dimension-5 production kernel in RD and EMD histories, tabulate f(p) over the Delta_EMD = 1 to 1e4 scan, and feed it to CLASS as a custom ncdm distribution to obtain exact transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0512172_negative_m0_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Negative-m0-squared mSUGRA gravitino superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0512172", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card notes warm-dark-matter-like structure effects from decay-produced gravitinos but provides no momentum distribution or transfer function (structure_formation transfer_function_shape unknown), so the small-scale suppression cannot be quantified or confronted with structure data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced gravitino f(q) from the slepton lifetime and two-body kinematics, run it through CLASS as a non-cold component to get the linear transfer function, and compare against Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite WDM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1205_0551_kevin_gevin_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "keVin-GeVin warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0551", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation bound on M_1 is a rescaled nonresonant-WDM mass limit (S_req^(1/3) scaling) rather than a transfer function computed from the diluted keVin momentum distribution, so the quoted lowest M_1 around 1.5 keV carries an uncontrolled mapping uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the post-dilution keVin phase-space distribution, insert it as a tabulated ncdm f(p) in CLASS/CAMB to compute the linear transfer function, and evaluate it against a Lyman-alpha WDM likelihood or emulator to replace the rescaled bound over the (M_1, S_req) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_03429_vll_decay_freezein_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like lepton decay freeze-in dark photon dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03429", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The freeze-in momentum distribution f(p) of the decay-produced A_H is not derived (distribution_function_available: no), so the free-streaming length and linear transfer function are unknown for light A_H, leaving the cosmological viability of the full-DM benchmark unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced phase-space distribution from the VLL width using standard freeze-in kinematics (or compute it with a tool like the CLASS-compatible freeze-in distribution machinery), map to a free-streaming scale, and compare against Lyman-alpha warm-dark-matter bounds for the light-M_AH benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15808_gravitational_preheating_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational preheating scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitational_preheating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.15808", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The final dark-matter phase-space distribution is not derived (distribution_function_available: unknown; all structure-formation entries unknown), so the nonthermal preheating-produced spectrum cannot be mapped to a linear transfer function and checked against free-streaming/small-scale-structure bounds, as the route's own caveat notes precise constraints require f(p), not just the yield.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract the comoving momentum spectrum f(k) of the s field from the lattice (or from the perturbative mode functions in the weak regime), redshift it to today, and feed it to a Boltzmann code supporting arbitrary non-cold relic distributions (e.g. a CLASS non-CDM module) to obtain the transfer function and an effective warm-DM mass for comparison with Lyman-alpha and satellite-count bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_08828_superweak_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superweak sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.08828", "score": 23, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark matter phase-space distribution is entirely unspecified: the freeze-in branch produces a nonthermal momentum distribution that has never been derived for the SWSM, and the card explicitly flags that no thermal-WDM mapping exists, so free-streaming and structure-formation viability of the candidate cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for Z-prime-mediated freeze-in production of N1 to obtain f(p), derive the resulting transfer-function suppression (or a validated thermal-WDM equivalent mass), and check it against Lyman-alpha warm-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_11045_axion_assisted_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-assisted resonance sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.11045", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The sterile-neutrino momentum distribution and linear transfer function for the axion-assisted resonance are unresolved (the card flags both), so structure-formation and dwarf phase-space constraints can only be applied via generic WDM proxies rather than the model's actual smooth-cutoff suppression.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f_s(p) from the modified production solver, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic to obtain the transfer function and half-mode mass, and map onto existing Lyman-alpha and subhalo-count WDM bounds to place quantitative structure constraints in the (m_s, sin^2 2theta, g_a) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_03826_freeze_in_lepton_flavored_dm_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-in lepton-flavored dark matter with right-handed lepton mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03826", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal freeze-in DM phase-space distribution and resulting linear transfer function are not computed anywhere: the card records distribution_function_available no, transfer_function_shape unknown, and the small-scale-structure observable enters only as a quoted 10 keV mass floor with no likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for DM produced by mediator decays (during and after mediator freeze-out) from the unintegrated Boltzmann equation, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic to get the transfer function, and map onto existing Lyman-alpha/subhalo-count WDM bounds to replace the generic 10 keV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0903_0660_many_copy_standard_model_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Many-copy Standard Model hidden-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_baryonic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0903.0660", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution or linear transfer function has been derived for the hidden-copy baryons produced during modulated reheating; the claim that they are cold on Lyman-alpha scales rests on an order-of-magnitude mass analogy rather than a calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the hidden-baryon momentum distribution from the reheating and hidden-sector thermal history, compute the free-streaming scale, and run it through a Boltzmann solver (CLASS/CAMB with a non-cold species) to obtain a transfer function comparable to Lyman-alpha warm-DM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_01301_superheavy_hawking_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy Hawking-radiation dark matter from black-hole domination", "family": "superheavy_hawking_radiation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.01301", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The present-day momentum distribution of Hawking-produced superheavy relics is not derived (phase_space.distribution_function_available is no), so the warmness/free-streaming constraint in the structure_and_cmb_checks step cannot be evaluated for the lighter, non-cold part of the parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by integrating the instantaneous greybody Hawking spectrum over the PBH mass-loss history (including the PBH-dominated reheating redshifting), then feed the resulting non-cold distribution into a CLASS non-CDM transfer-function calculation and recast against Lyman-alpha/free-streaming bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_01670_reheaton_decay_kination_emd_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheaton-decay nonthermal Dirac fermion dark matter with kination and early matter domination", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.01670", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function has been computed for the decay-produced keV dark matter with its boosted non-thermal momentum distribution from reheaton decay during a nonstandard expansion history; only conservative m_DM >= 5 keV and relativistic-at-BBN cuts are used.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced f(p) including the kination/EMD redshifting, feed it into CLASS as a non-cold relic with a custom phase-space distribution, and map the resulting transfer function onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM likelihoods or emulators.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1004_2326_pq_mssm_axino_thermal_inflation_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "PQ-extended MSSM axino dark matter with thermal inflation", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.2326", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axino phase-space distribution from flaton and NLSP decays is not derived (distribution_function_available unknown), so whether the GeV-scale axino component is cold, warm, or hot cannot be assessed quantitatively against structure-formation data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) analytically for two-body flaton -> axino axino decay at T_d plus the NLSP-decay component, compute the free-streaming length and an equivalent thermal-WDM mass, and feed the result into a CLASS transfer-function run for comparison with Lyman-alpha warm-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03507_hidden_sector_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector self-interacting dark matter with light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03507", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-acoustic-damping observable has no corresponding linear-perturbation step in the route: the hidden-sector parameters have not been mapped onto an ETHOS-style parameterization, so the CMB/Lyman-alpha damping signature cannot be evaluated for this benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-radiation content, drag opacity, and kinetic-decoupling temperature for the kinetic/Z-mixed vector mediator sector, map them to ETHOS parameters, and run the public ETHOS-modified CLASS to obtain the damped power spectrum and Lyman-alpha comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2003_12606_sterile_neutrino_higgs_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino Higgs-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.12606", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The sterile-neutrino momentum distribution f(p) was never computed (the paper solves only number density), so the free-streaming length, thermal-WDM equivalent mass, and any Lyman-alpha or structure-formation recast are undefined for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent (unintegrated) Boltzmann equation for the freeze-in distribution from scalar decays and Higgs-portal reactions, then feed the resulting f(p) into CLASS as a custom ncdm distribution to derive the transfer function and thermal-WDM mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_10415_bl_origin_qcd_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "B-L origin QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.10415", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The thermal light-gravitino abundance and free-streaming length for the model's O(1) eV gravitino at high reheating temperature are not derived, so the warm-dark-matter caveat (step s4) cannot be evaluated against existing structure-formation bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the thermal gravitino relic fraction and velocity distribution as a function of m_3/2 and T_R, map it to a mixed cold-plus-warm dark matter fraction, and apply published Lyman-alpha/CMB-lensing/cosmic-shear likelihoods for hot subcomponents.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_04372_gravitational_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational dark matter from primordial-black-hole evaporation with dark-sector self-interactions", "family": "gravitational_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.04372", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution of the Hawking-radiated dark matter (relativistic at emission, partially thermalized by self-interactions) is only approximate, and no free-streaming/transfer-function calculation exists to impose warm/hot-DM structure constraints on the viable (M_in, beta, m_DM) regions; the card records structure-formation impact as entirely unknown and only qualitative hot-DM discussion in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the redshifted Hawking phase-space distribution f(p) for each thermalization regime (e.g. with a BlackHawk/FRISBHEE-style evaporation calculation), map it to a free-streaming length and transfer function via a CLASS ncdm implementation, and recast Lyman-alpha warm-DM bounds onto the PBH parameter space to trim the relic-density-viable regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2002_04625_fermion_millicharged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fermion millicharged dark matter with supernova-remnant plasma dynamics", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2002.04625", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal phase-space distribution of the EM freeze-in population is not provided, so the small-scale-structure lower mass reach (CMB, Lyman-alpha, lensing, streams, satellites) can only be borrowed from a related freeze-in analysis whose production history may not match this model, as the card's recast_required constraint notes.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for photon-mediated freeze-in of the millicharged fermion (unintegrated Boltzmann equation over the SM bath), feed it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to get the transfer function, and recast Lyman-alpha and satellite-count limits via the standard transfer-function parameterizations instead of the borrowed 20 keV-scale bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1811_12388_partially_composite_susy_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter in partially composite supersymmetry", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1811.12388", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gravitino phase-space distribution from mixed thermal-scattering plus NLSP-decay production is not available, so thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha limits cannot be mapped onto this model (the card explicitly warns a naive mass comparison can misstate the exclusion).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for the two production components (thermal spectrum plus boosted decay spectrum redshifted from tau_NLSP), compute the transfer function with CLASS as a non-cold species, and map to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass for existing Lyman-alpha limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_11450_low_scale_trinification_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale trinification Majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.11450", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No computed phase-space distribution f(q) exists for the Majoron produced by h -> A A freeze-in in this model, so its warm-dark-matter free-streaming imprint (transfer function, Lyman-alpha viability of the sub-MeV mass range) cannot be evaluated; the card lists all structure-formation entries as unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for decay-produced freeze-in from the SM Higgs (standard Boltzmann-equation result for two-body decay production), feed it into CLASS as a non-cold relic, and compare the resulting transfer suppression against published Lyman-alpha warm-DM bounds via the half-mode-mass mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06226_low_reheating_dark_photon_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating dark-photon freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.06226", "score": 20.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The DM momentum distribution from low-T_rh freeze-in is never derived (the code solves only the integrated yield), so the warmness/free-streaming of the lightest viable m_chi points and any Lyman-alpha-type consistency check on the broadened band cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f_chi(p, T) from T_rh (as done for standard freeze-in warm-DM checks), compute the transfer function with a CLASS non-cold-DM run, and map the resulting free-streaming bound onto the (m_chi, T_rh) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_10015_blsmis_kev_s1_fimp_wdm_v1", "model_name": "BLSMIS keV S_1^1 freeze-in warm dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.10015", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The final S_1^1 phase-space distribution and linear transfer function are never extracted (only the nonthermal Z' distribution is computed), so the keV warm FIMP cannot be confronted with Lyman-alpha or other small-scale-structure constraints; the route caveat explicitly notes Lyman-alpha transfer functions are not included and the structure_formation block is entirely unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent freeze-in Boltzmann equation for f_S1(q) from Z' decay and annihilation, feed it to CLASS as a non-cold relic (ncdm with tabulated f(q)) to obtain the transfer function and half-mode mass, and map onto existing Lyman-alpha WDM-equivalent-mass bounds and emulators.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0902_2510_cmssm_rhn_gravitino_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM with GUT-scale right-handed neutrino, gravitino LSP, and sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0902.2510", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gravitino phase-space distribution from late sneutrino NLSP decay is not computed (distribution_function_available unknown, free_streaming_length null), so the small-scale-structure side of the BBN/LSS viability constraint cannot be evaluated for the decay-produced component.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for gravitinos from two-body sneutrino decay at the computed lifetime, implement it as a non-cold species in CLASS/CAMB to obtain the transfer-function suppression, and compare against Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite-count warm-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1003_2313_sub_ev_scalar_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-eV scalar dark matter through the super-renormalizable Higgs portal", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1003.2313", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The small-scale structure constraint is only an order-of-magnitude Compton-wavelength floor (m_phi > ~1e-26 eV from a 1 kpc halo argument); no model transfer function or connection to modern ultralight-scalar structure tools is worked out for this Higgs-portal scalar.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the linear transfer function for the misalignment-produced scalar with an existing ultralight-scalar Boltzmann code (axionCAMB or the CLASS ultralight-axion extension), which applies directly since the gravitational dynamics are portal-independent, and recast against existing fuzzy-DM Lyman-alpha and subhalo-count bounds to replace the order-of-magnitude floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_09801_z3_scalar_exponential_growth_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scalar dark matter with exponential-growth production", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.09801", "score": 18.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function, half-mode mass, or free-streaming constraint has been derived from the model's nonthermal distributions (colder-than-thermal for the freeze-in seed, hot high-q-peaked for the heavy-decay seed); the structure_formation block is entirely unknown and the paper's free-streaming check is described as naive, so the small_scale_structure channel cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the solved f_chi(q, x_end) into CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to compute the linear transfer function and half-mode mass across the seed scenarios, then compare against Lyman-alpha forest and Milky Way satellite-count bounds using existing WDM-style likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_03837_u1x_millicharged_dark_fermion_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X millicharged dark fermion freeze-in model", "family": "millicharged_hidden_sector_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03837", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution or transfer function is available for the freeze-in millicharged fermion (distribution_function_available unknown, all structure_formation fields unknown), so the card's small-scale-structure observable channel cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for the freeze-in plus dark-freeze-out chi population from the unintegrated Boltzmann equation, and compute the linear transfer function with CLASS treating chi as a non-cold, millicharged species (including any DM-baryon drag via its ETHOS-like coupling) for comparison with Lyman-alpha and CMB small-scale data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_17246_vectorlike_portal_scalar_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Vectorlike-portal scalar FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17246", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No late-time phase-space distribution f(p) is derived for the frozen-in scalar (the paper computes number densities only), so the free-streaming scale and linear transfer function needed for the card's small_scale_structure observable channel cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by integrating the unintegrated CTP production rate over temperature (decay plus scattering contributions), then feed it to CLASS as a non-cold-DM species to obtain the transfer function and half-mode mass for comparison with Lyman-alpha and subhalo-count constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_17262_nonthermal_inflaton_decay_fermion_dm_metric_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal inflaton-decay fermion dark matter (metric formalism)", "family": "nonthermal_inflaton_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.17262", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution f(q) for the decay-produced fermions, no free-streaming length, and no transfer-function or thermal-WDM mapping have been derived, so the assumption that this candidate behaves as cold dark matter cannot be checked against small-scale structure at the low-mass end of the metric-formalism parameter band.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-production momentum distribution from inflaton decay kinematics with redshifting through the metric-formalism reheating history, feed it into CLASS as a non-cold relic to obtain the linear transfer function, and publish the resulting half-mode mass and effective thermal-WDM mass mapping across the viable y_chi-m_chi band for comparison with Lyman-alpha bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_17262_nonthermal_inflaton_decay_fermion_dm_palatini_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal inflaton-decay fermion dark matter (Palatini formalism)", "family": "nonthermal_inflaton_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.17262", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution f(q) for the decay-produced fermions, no free-streaming length, and no transfer-function or thermal-WDM mapping have been derived, so the assumption that this candidate behaves as cold dark matter cannot be checked against small-scale structure at the low-mass end of the Palatini-formalism parameter band.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-production momentum distribution from inflaton decay kinematics with redshifting through the Palatini quartic-oscillation reheating history, feed it into CLASS as a non-cold relic to obtain the linear transfer function, and publish the resulting half-mode mass and effective thermal-WDM mass mapping across the viable y_chi-m_chi band for comparison with Lyman-alpha bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701011_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "gravitino LSP superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701011", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The decay-produced gravitino phase-space distribution and resulting linear transfer function are not available (distribution_function_available: no; the warm-DM observable is described only qualitatively with no free-streaming length or transfer function), so the small-scale suppression cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the two-body decay-produced f(q) from the parent lifetime and mass splitting, feed it to the CLASS non-cold-DM module as a tabulated distribution to compute T(k) and lambda_FS, and compare against thermal-WDM Lyman-alpha and satellite-count bounds via the standard area-criterion mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_03837_u1x_dark_photon_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "keV U(1)_X dark photon dark matter subcomponent", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03837", "score": 14.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution or linear transfer function exists for the keV dark-photon subcomponent (distribution_function_available unknown, all structure_formation fields unknown), so the card's small-scale-structure observable channel cannot be forward modeled even qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-photon f(p) from the freeze-in and hidden-sector production channels, then compute the mixed CDM plus up-to-5-percent keV-vector transfer function with CLASS as a non-cold subcomponent and compare against Lyman-alpha bounds on mixed hot/warm subcomponents.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 13, "rank_structure_formation": 7}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Other / unclassified", "n_gaps": 116, "n_models": 113, "weight": 2817.6, "n_models_structure_formation": 20, "weight_structure_formation": 544.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 58, "minor": 8, "blocks_all_observables": 12, "degrades_precision": 38}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 79, "large": 11, "small": 26}, "members": [{"model_id": "2404_05704_type_i_non_degenerate_2hdma_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-I non-degenerate 2HDM+a dark matter benchmark model", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.05704", "score": 42, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public spectrum-and-precision-checks calculator covers the full 2HDM+a (2HDM plus singlet pseudoscalar with mixing); 2HDMC handles only the pure 2HDM sector, so theory/flavor/EW viability filtering of benchmark points is not automated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend 2HDMC (or write a light wrapper around the Pseudoscalar_2HDMI UFO parameters) to include the a-A mixing sector, and chain it to HiggsTools (HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals) plus standard perturbativity/unitarity/bounded-from-below checks for the non-degenerate mass planes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_06821_neutrino_coupled_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-coupled ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.06821", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator exists for active-sterile pseudo-Dirac oscillation probabilities with a time-dependent, DM-background-induced Majorana mass across the paper's constant, modulating, and random-walk coherence regimes, nor a likelihood-level comparison to solar and Super-Kamiokande atmospheric data; current bounds are order-of-magnitude m^2_lim translations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the modulated pseudo-Dirac oscillation probability (averaging over scalar phase and coherence per baseline) as a module in a public neutrino-oscillation framework and recast published solar and Super-K disappearance likelihoods against it, replacing the m^2_lim < 1e-12 eV^2 and 1e-4 eV^2 proxy bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_01505_gut_scale_susy_pseudo_dirac_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "GUT-scale supersymmetry with pseudo-Dirac Higgsino dark matter", "family": "higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.01505", "score": 38.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the multi-scale EFT tower of this framework (two-Higgs-doublet plus Higgsinos below intermediate gaugino thresholds, matched to the MSSM/GUT at M_S) with two-loop running and threshold matching; the paper's SARAH-derived pipeline is not released, so per-mille unification residuals, the wino-scale ceiling, and tau_p cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the split-spectrum EFT tower in FlexibleSUSY (or SARAH/SPheno) with successive matching at the gaugino and M_S thresholds, validate the per-mille unification residuals and the M2 < 2e5 GeV ceiling against the paper's scans, and output tau(p -> e+ pi0).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04072_mirror_star_dissipative_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star dissipative mirror-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04072", "score": 37.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The MESA modifications used to generate mirror-star benchmark profiles (rescaled opacities, nuclear reaction rates, and equation of state for the Mirror Twin Higgs particle content) are not public, so mirror-star radius/core-temperature predictions cannot be scanned over mirror-sector parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a MESA extension with mirror microphysics parameterized by v'/v and the mirror electron mass, and publish grids of mirror-star profiles over mass, age, and composition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_09141_fimp_decay_entropy_v1", "model_name": "Simplified light FIMP with entropy-modified decay production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.09141", "score": 36.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The parameter-to-transfer-function pipeline (collision-term solver plus the neural-network maps) is distributed only as undocumented arXiv ancillary files with no repository, tests, or pinned dependencies (reproducibility_level: partial), so the route cannot be rerun reliably by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the paper's collision-term integrator and neural-network weights as a documented public repository with examples that reproduce the A_3.5keV = 0.46 and N_sat = 63 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_1071_neutrino_portal_secluded_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino portal secluded dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1071", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transport code computes TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrino attenuation and regeneration on the relic secluded-neutrino population as a function of m_phi, g_nu, theta_s, and source redshift distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend nuSQuIDS (or a comparable neutrino propagation code) with the secluded-sector nu-nu_s scattering cross sections and a relic-background target density to output absorbed spectra for standard source populations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_08666_neutron_dark_decay_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark-decay light-scalar dark matter model", "family": "neutron_dark_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.08666", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public TOV/equation-of-state code implements the dark-matter-admixed neutron-star setup of this model — neutron-to-chi conversion equilibrium with scalar-mediated dark self-repulsion (z_chi) and Higgs-induced neutron-dark repulsion (z_n) — so the neutron-star constraint cannot be re-evaluated for new parameter points or equations of state.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's chemical-equilibrium condition and repulsion terms in an open TOV solver (e.g. extend a CompOSE-compatible EoS pipeline) parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, z_chi, z_n) over a family of nuclear equations of state, and validate against the paper's benchmark maximum-mass curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_00277_right_handed_sneutrino_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino self-interacting dark matter in double focus point BLSSM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.00277", "score": 35.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public tool computes the velocity-dependent sneutrino self-scattering cross section sigma_V/m(v) from the BLSSM spectrum: the light bilepton mediator (1-4 MeV against a 1-10 GeV sneutrino) puts the Yukawa scattering deep beyond the Born regime, and existing beyond-Born treatments (partial-wave solvers, the CLASSICS approximations) are standalone and not interfaced to SARAH/SPheno output.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the public CLASSICS semi-analytic Yukawa cross sections (or a numerical partial-wave Schroedinger solver) in a module that reads the SPheno/SARAH BLSSM spectrum (m_snu, m_eta1, effective coupling from T_eta/Y_eta) and returns sigma_V/m at v = 30, 900, 2000 km/s, validated against the paper's benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_2476_ultralight_scalar_neutrino_nonselfconjugate_v1", "model_name": "Non-Self-Conjugate ultra-light scalar dark matter with neutrino mediator", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.2476", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No propagation code exists that goes beyond the homogeneous exponential attenuation: redshift evolution of the ultralight-scalar number density n_DM(z), energy redshifting of UHE neutrinos, and a realistic source-distance distribution are not implemented anywhere per the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a one-dimensional optical-depth integrator over redshift using the analytic u-channel cross section, n_DM(z) = rho_DM(z)/m_phi (rescaled by the scalar fraction f_phi), and AGN/GRB source-evolution functions, validated against the paper's exponential curves in the local limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_09194_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_curvature_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational dark matter from curvature-perturbation PBHs", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.09194", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No configured pipeline computes the Hawking-emitted phase-space distribution of a generic purely gravitationally coupled particle chi with greybody and spin factors for the light (M_PBH < 1e9 g) PBHs of this model; the card uses simplified analytic yields.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure BlackHawk (or an equivalent public greybody evaporation code) with an added massive spin-s BSM degree of freedom to output the chi number yield and emitted momentum spectrum over the M_PBH, m_chi grid used by the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_heavy_dark_photon_dirac_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark-photon portal Dirac-fermion freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stellar energy-loss calculator computes chi pair emission from RG/HB stellar plasmas through the heavy dark-photon portal (plasmon decay and electron bremsstrahlung with in-medium photon dispersion), which is the dominant low-mass constraint for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable stellar-cooling module that folds the portal production rates with standard MESA RG/HB profiles and applies the standard dark-luminosity criteria, calibrated to reproduce the rel_1908_00553 keV-scale exclusions for benchmark m_Aprime = 3 m_DM and alpha_D choices.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_heavy_dark_photon_scalar_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark-photon portal complex-scalar freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stellar energy-loss calculator computes complex-scalar pair emission from RG/HB stellar plasmas through the heavy dark-photon portal (plasmon decay and electron bremsstrahlung with in-medium photon dispersion), which is the dominant low-mass constraint for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable stellar-cooling module that folds the portal production rates (with scalar final-state phase space) into standard MESA RG/HB profiles and applies standard dark-luminosity criteria, calibrated to reproduce the rel_1908_00553 keV-scale exclusions for benchmark m_Aprime = 3 m_DM and alpha_D choices.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_02352_axion_quark_nugget_frb_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion Quark Nugget dark matter with magnetar-triggered FRB scenario", "family": "macroscopic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.02352", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The solar EUV/soft-X-ray test relies on quoted energy-budget coincidences (L_corona ~ 1e27 erg/s); there is no quantitative emission code for anti-nugget annihilation in coronal plasma producing spectra that could be fit to quiet-Sun data.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a model of anti-nugget annihilation emission in the solar corona (annihilation depth, spectral shape, nanoflare statistics) as a function of B and rho_DM, and compare it statistically to SDO/AIA and soft-X-ray quiet-Sun observations rather than to the integrated power alone.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_2555_minimal_pq_nmssm_singlino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal PQ-NMSSM light singlino LSP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2555", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The minimal PQ-NMSSM singlet sector (tadpole/mass terms from PQ breaking instead of the Z3 kappa S^3 term) is implemented only in a private modification of NMSSMTools 3.1.0; the spectrum, mixings, and benchmark contours cannot be reproduced with public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PQ-NMSSM superpotential (lambda S H_u H_d + mu_S^2 S, no singlet self-couplings) in a public spectrum chain — either the general-NMSSM mode of NMSSMTools or SARAH-generated SPheno — and validate against the paper's benchmark invisible-width and sigma_SI contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04293_earth_shielded_plasma_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Earth-shielded plasma dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04293", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the Earth-shielded velocity distribution: the collisional cutoff v_c and the annual/diurnal time dependence of the shielding factor from dark-electron Coulomb scattering on an Earth-bound dark-ion (mirror-helium) profile are handled only by the paper's private semi-analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a transport/Monte Carlo solver that propagates halo mirror electrons through a parameterized Earth-bound density profile n_He_prime(r) with dark-Coulomb (Rutherford) cross sections, outputting the detector-frame shielded distribution and its sidereal/annual time dependence; validate against the benchmark v_c near 30000 km/s for surface densities of 1e12-1e13 cm^-3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11590_astrophysical_q_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Astrophysical Q-ball dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11590", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical boundary-value solver for Q-ball field profiles beyond the thin-wall limit, needed to obtain mass density, M_Q, and R_Q from the scalar potential and to apply the stability filter.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a shooting/relaxation ODE solver for the radial Q-ball equation over the (potential parameters, omega) space, validated against the analytic thin-wall limit and the stability criterion dM/dQ, and release profile tables of M_Q(Q), R_Q(Q), and rho(r).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_18086_mirror_star_optically_thin_nugget_v1", "model_name": "Optically thin mirror-star nugget emission model", "family": "dissipative_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.18086", "score": 32.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The radiative-transfer treatment covers only optically thin nuggets; the optically thick part of the (M_nugget, Gamma_heat) scan is explicitly deferred by the paper, so signal predictions are unavailable in that regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the published Cloudy-based pipeline with a stellar-atmosphere-style optically thick radiative-transfer solution for high-mass nuggets, matching onto the optically thin results at the regime boundary of the existing scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1407_2739_extra_dimensional_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Extra-dimensional sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.2739", "score": 32.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public beta-decay recast tool covers this model's regime: evaluating the KATRIN/TRISTAN kink signature requires an experiment-specific response model (resolution, molecular final states, backgrounds) plus summation of multiple kink contributions from the dense KK tower, none of which is available per the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a KK-tower-summed sterile admixture spectrum in a public KATRIN/TRISTAN-like beta-spectrum response code, taking the mixing matrix from step_kk_spectrum and returning kink amplitudes/positions with a sensitivity likelihood for con_beta_decay_sensitivity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_6374_exothermic_yukawa_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Exothermic Yukawa-potential interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6374", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public cross-section calculator handles inelastic Yukawa scattering between split dark states (up- and down-scattering with splitting delta), including the quantum coupled-channel and resonant regimes where the classical analytic fit used by the paper breaks down.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing partial-wave Yukawa sigma_T(v) solver to a two-state coupled-channel Schroedinger calculation parameterized by (m_chi, m_phi, alpha_d, delta), releasing tabulated elastic and inelastic transfer cross sections that reduce to the YIDM elastic result as delta goes to 0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_10160_vector_mediated_light_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated low-energy SUSY with light gravitino dark matter component", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.10160", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No spectrum-generator implementation exists for the vector-mediated SUSY-breaking boundary conditions (U(1) D-term sector with E6-inspired matter), so soft masses and the Higgs-mass prediction cannot be computed from (F, charges, messenger scale) with public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vector-mediation model in SARAH and generate a SPheno (or FlexibleSUSY) module encoding the tree-level vector-mediated soft terms as high-scale boundary conditions, validated against the paper's benchmark spectra with m_3/2 ~ 1-2 eV and m_h ~ 125 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06039_linear_nonminimal_inflaton_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter from linear non-minimally coupled inflaton decay", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06039", "score": 32, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LanHEP/CalcHEP model files and the beta-scan scripts behind the allowed beta-m_DM region are not public, so the paper's numerical allowed intervals for the scalar case (m_DM ~ 5.3e-6 GeV x beta^(5/4)) can only be reproduced by re-deriving the scaling relations by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the linear non-minimal coupling vertices in LanHEP/FeynRules, regenerate the spin-dependent decay widths in CalcHEP, and script the beta scan (inflation observables, heating temperature, yield, relic target) as a small public notebook validated against the paper's quoted mass-beta scalings.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_10283_kinetic_misalignment_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic-misalignment majoron dark matter in gauged U(1)Lmu-Ltau", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.10283", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical solver or parameter scanner exists for the rotating B-L scalar condensate history: the trapping temperature, the persistence of rotation through the leptogenesis epoch, and the transition to coherent majoron oscillation are handled only by the paper's analytic n=6 benchmark, yet the route requires a 'parameter scanner for rotating scalar history'.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an ODE solver for the complex scalar in its radial potential plus explicit c_n S^n/M^(n-4) breaking term coupled to the thermal background, tracking Y_B-L, the trapping temperature, and Omega_J h^2 across (S_i, m_S, n, f), and validate by recovering the paper's Y_B ~ 9e-11 and n=6 viable regions including the rotation-halting exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04071_mirror_star_mirror_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star-forming mirror baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04071", "score": 31.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public mirror-star stellar-structure code exists; the benchmark profiles rely on private adaptations of SM stellar modeling, so radius and core temperature cannot be scanned over mirror-sector parameters (mirror Higgs vev, mirror electron mass).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend MESA with rescaled mirror microphysics (opacities, nuclear rates, and equation of state rescaled for the mirror QED/QCD parameters of the asymmetrically reheated MTH benchmark) and release the resulting mirror-star model grids.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_02692_reheating_produced_numsm_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheating-produced nuMSM sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02692", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver of the HNL density-matrix kinetic equations covers this model's setup: N2/N3 oscillation baryogenesis with an operator-set initial HNL abundance at reheating; the step is currently done with private/paper-level numerics, so the BAU observable cannot be scanned in a registry pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public density-matrix leptogenesis solver for GeV-scale HNL oscillations to accept a nonzero initial N_I density matrix set by (A_IJ, T_R, Lambda), and validate against the vanishing-initial-abundance nuMSM limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03309_bl_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Weakly coupled B-L gauge-boson freeze-in sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03309", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Testing ARS compatibility requires a leptogenesis kinetic solver that includes the new B-L gauge-scattering equilibration terms for N2/N3; public ARS density-matrix codes implement only Yukawa-mediated rates, so the 'B-L interactions too slow to erase the asymmetry' condition is checked only by leading-rate estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Add thermally averaged B-L gauge-boson production/scattering rates for the sterile states to a public ARS density-matrix solver (AMIQS-type code) and rerun the baryon-asymmetry scan over (g_B-L, m_V, Yukawas) to delimit the safe region quantitatively.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0012317_low_reheat_standard_model_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat Standard Model neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0012317", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public kinetic-equation solver reproduces active-neutrino production during MeV-scale reheating (weak collision integrals plus entropy injection from the decaying field); the paper's f_nu(p,t) code is private, so users must rely on the published abundance fits and effective-temperature parameterization rather than recomputing spectra at arbitrary T_RH.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the low-reheat neutrino kinetic equations in a public momentum-resolved code (e.g. extend pyBBN or a LASAGNA-style solver with a decaying-field entropy source), validated against the paper's n_nu/n_eq fit and the departure-from-equilibrium onset below T_RH of about 8 MeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_1164_compressed_stau_no_scale_fsu5_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Compressed-stau No-Scale F-SU(5) bino neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1164", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum calculator implements the No-Scale F-SU(5) framework with vector-like flippon multiplets and No-Scale boundary conditions; the paper used a proprietary SuSpect modification, so the chain from (M_1/2, M_V) to the sparticle spectrum, bino fraction, and 0-2 GeV stau-neutralino mass gap cannot currently be reproduced publicly.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the flippon field content and No-Scale F-SU(5) boundary conditions in SARAH/SPheno (or release the modified SuSpect), including the flippon-modified RGEs, and validate against the benchmark spectra tabulated in arXiv:1311.1164.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_6838_u1prime_amsb_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal U(1)' strictly anomaly-mediated wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.6838", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum calculator implements the strict anomaly-mediated U(1)' model: the U(1)' D-term contributions to scalar masses, the extra singlet superfields, and the charge-assignment dependence (q_L) that fix m_LSP/m_3/2 and the Higgs mass are handled only by paper-level estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)'-extended strict-AMSB boundary conditions (anomaly-mediated soft terms plus U(1)' D-term shifts for given charge assignments) as a model file in SARAH/SPheno or a SoftSUSY extension, validating against the paper's m_LSP about 3.3e-3 m_3/2 relation and Higgs-mass discussion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_10811_a4_discrete_dark_matter_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "A4 discrete dark matter scalar WIMP model", "family": "discrete_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.10811", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No scan pipeline implements the combined flavor and scalar-sector filter for this model: fitting the A4 Yukawa parameters to neutrino oscillation data and charged-lepton masses while imposing the Higgs mass, boundedness, perturbativity, and the >300 GeV non-DM scalar cuts must be built before viable DM parameter points can be certified.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a chi-squared scan over the A4 Yukawa and potential parameters using public NuFIT oscillation chi-squared tables as the likelihood, with analytic boundedness/unitarity conditions and the Higgs-mass constraint as filters, validated by reproducing the paper's benchmark table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_08305_inflaton_produced_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-produced scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.08305", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical pipeline evolves the chi mode functions through T-model inflation and reheating (tachyonic excitation plus post-inflation production from inflaton oscillations) to output the nonthermal phase-space distribution f_chi(k) as a function of (m_chi, lambda/xi, m_phi, T_reh); the calculation currently exists only as the paper's in-house analytic/numerical approximations.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a Bogoliubov/mode-function solver (Mathieu-type mode equation on the T-model inflaton background with m_eff^2 = m_chi^2 + lambda phi^2 + R/6) that tabulates f_chi(q) and its moments over the parameter grid, validated against the paper's quoted <q^2> asymptotics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_08268_framed_standard_model_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Framed Standard Model hidden-sector dark matter candidates", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08268", "score": 29.25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical implementation of the Framed Standard Model framon action, RG running, and Z-G/Higgs mixing exists, so the hidden-sector spectrum (17 MeV, sub-8 MeV, and TeV states) and mixing elements cannot be computed reproducibly from zeta_S and the RGE inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the FSM RGE mass functions and mixing-matrix solution as a standalone spectrum code (analogous to a SARAH/SPheno-style spectrum generator for this non-standard framework), validated against the published fit values for zeta_S near 2 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_13339_pseudo_dirac_transition_dipole_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac transition-dipole freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.13339", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator exists for the Solar upscattering flux of the heavier pseudo-Dirac state: chi1 -> chi2 inelastic dipole scattering on Solar constituents, propagation, and the resulting excited-state flux at Earth are available only as the paper's private semi-analytics.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Solar dark-matter scattering Monte Carlo such as DaMaSCUS-SUN to inelastic transition-dipole (EDM/MDM) cross sections with O(keV) splitting, outputting the excited-state flux at Earth as a function of (m_DM, delta, d_chi, mu_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00057_speed_breaker_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Speed-breaker inflationary primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1911.00057", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public implementation of the speed-breaker (base-plus-localized-bump/dip) potentials exists in a Mukhanov-Sasaki solver, so the exact curvature power spectrum — which cannot be computed in slow-roll because the feature violates it locally — cannot be reproduced or scanned over feature height, width, and location.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the V(phi)=V_b(phi)[1+delta(phi)] Gaussian-bump family (with the KKLT and alpha-attractor base potentials) in an existing exact-perturbation solver such as PyTransport or a stand-alone Mukhanov-Sasaki integrator, and validate against the paper's benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_04002_su5_inflection_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) inflection-point inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.04002", "score": 27.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SU(5) nonminimal inflection-point inflaton potential is not implemented in any public inflationary perturbation solver, so the enhanced P_zeta(k) spike — the single input driving M_PBH, f_PBH, and Omega_GW(f) — cannot be recomputed or scanned; only the paper's benchmark tables exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Einstein-frame SU(5) singlet potential with nonminimal coupling xi phi^2 R in a numerical mode-evolution code (PyTransport or MultiModeCode style) that handles ultra-slow-roll near the inflection point, validating against the benchmark n_s, r ~ 0.025, and quoted spike amplitude.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_0284_singlet_doublet_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet Majorana dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.0284", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The singlet-doublet Majorana model implementation used for annihilation event generation (MadGraph model files with the lambda, lambda-prime, m_D, m_N mixing sector and off-shell WW*/tt* channels) is not identified as publicly released, so the implemented route cannot be reproduced or extended by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Recreate the singlet-doublet model in FeynRules and publish the UFO/CalcHEP files, validating 2-to-2 static-limit rates and the three-body W f f-prime and t b W channels against the primary paper's benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_0284_singlet_doublet_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-doublet Majorana dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.0284", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modifications to WimpSim that propagate the model's three-body annihilation event records through the Sun to detector-level neutrino and muon spectra are private, so the off-shell-threshold spectral shapes cannot be regenerated from public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the event-record injection in the public WimpSim (or a modern equivalent such as the charon/HDMSpectra-based solar pipelines), reproducing the primary paper's Super-K and DeepCore detector comparisons, and release the patch.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_02906_so10_split_susy_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) split-SUSY neutralino dark matter with non-universal gaugino masses", "family": "neutralino_split_supersymmetry_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.02906", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum-generation pipeline implements the SO(10) generalized-gravity-mediation boundary conditions (non-universal gaugino ratios M1:M2:M3 plus threshold corrections) down to the weak-scale split-SUSY spectrum, so the paper's GUT-filtered scan cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the SO(10) high-dimensional-operator gaugino-mass ratios as boundary conditions in FlexibleSUSY or SARAH/SPheno with split-SUSY matching, and validate by reproducing the paper's M2-mu relic strips for M_S = 30-200 TeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_01111_neutrinophilic_alp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.01111", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public long-baseline oscillation code implements the time-dependent matter potential induced by a coherent Galactic ALP background with derivative coupling g_alpha_beta, including the transition between coherent and stochastic-phase regimes across the m_a range and a DUNE-like experimental likelihood with systematics, so the primary sensitivity forecast cannot be reproduced or turned into constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend GLoBES (or a nuSQuIDS-based propagator) with an ALP potential term H_ALP(t) = g_alpha_beta a0 m_a cos(m_a t) sampled over the experiment exposure, with stochastic field-amplitude averaging for m_a above the coherence threshold, coupled to the public DUNE GLoBES configuration files; validate by recovering the paper's sensitivity contours down to g ~ 1e-12 eV^-1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_04125_inflection_point_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflection-point inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.04125", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The exact background-plus-Mukhanov-Sasaki solver used to compute the ultra-slow-roll-enhanced P_R(k) for the sextic inflection-point potential is custom and unreleased, so the pipeline's first step is not reproducible as published.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the potential in a public single-field mode-by-mode solver (e.g. MultiModeCode or a PyTransport/aspic-style integrator) with exact background evolution through the ultra-slow-roll phase, validating against the slow-roll-failure comparison in the primary paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_08686_waterfall_scalar_preheating_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Twin waterfall scalar preheating dark matter", "family": "scalar_preheating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.08686", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver reproduces the preheating particle production of the stable waterfall scalar chi_2 during the tachyonic waterfall transition, which is the sole production channel (chi_1 decays to chi_2 pairs are kinematically blocked); the relic line over H_I ~ 2e8-1e10 GeV and lambda_H ~ 0.1-1e-7 rests on the source's un-released mode-equation calculation whose backreaction treatment the card flags as changing the result.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an open mode-function solver for the twin-waterfall transition (Bogoliubov evolution of chi_2 modes in the time-dependent chi_1 background, cross-checked with a CosmoLattice-style lattice run including backreaction), validated against the source waterfall-DM relic line with m_X = 1.2 m_1 and m_1 = 100 H_I, then chain it to the analytic reheating dilution step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_electric_dipole_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Electric-dipole freeze-in fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stellar energy-loss calculator exists for electric-dipole-coupled dark matter emission from red giants and horizontal-branch stars; the RG/HB dark-luminosity computation currently requires bespoke in-medium rate calculations on stellar profiles.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable stellar-cooling module that convolves dipole-operator production rates (plasmon decay, Compton-like and bremsstrahlung processes with in-medium photon dispersion) with standard MESA RG/HB stellar profiles, calibrated to reproduce the published keV-scale RG/HB bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03389_magnetic_dipole_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Magnetic-dipole freeze-in fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03389", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stellar energy-loss calculator exists for magnetic-dipole-coupled dark matter emission from red giants and horizontal-branch stars; the RG/HB dark-luminosity computation currently requires bespoke in-medium rate calculations on stellar profiles.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable stellar-cooling module that convolves magnetic-dipole production rates (plasmon decay and bremsstrahlung-like processes with in-medium photon dispersion) with standard MESA RG/HB stellar profiles, calibrated to reproduce the published keV-scale RG/HB bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_03624_composite_millicharged_absorption_line_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite millicharged absorption-line dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.03624", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forward-model code exists for the dark forest: a halo line-of-sight calculator that turns transition data, halo density/velocity profiles, and state occupation into absorption spectra tau_nu(nu) toward background radio/mm sources.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a semi-analytic dark-forest pipeline combining a standard halo model (mass function, NFW profiles, Maxwellian velocities) with a line radiative-transfer module producing tau_nu and equivalent widths, validated against the primary paper's example line strengths and optical-depth scalings.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_12442_scale_invariant_hidden_ng_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant QCD-like hidden-sector pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.12442", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the classically scale-invariant multi-field inflaton dynamics (scalaron plus singlet S in the Jordan/Einstein frame) exists to compute the river-valley trajectory and its scalar/tensor perturbations for this specific potential.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's Jordan-frame potential and non-minimal couplings in an existing multi-field transport code such as PyTransport or MultiModeCode, verify the effective single-field river-valley reduction, and validate against the paper's r = 0.0017-0.0044 range for 50-60 e-foldings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1610_06931_su_n_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pure SU(N) glueball dark matter with dark SU(N) stars", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1610.06931", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark SU(N) star mass-radius relation is only known in the large-N quartic-potential and time-averaged approximations; the Einstein-Klein-Gordon DSS solver listed as a required code resource does not exist for the glueball effective potential, limiting the accuracy of DSS masses, radii, and hence f_max.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing numerical boson-star Einstein-Klein-Gordon solver to the effective scalar glueball potential V(phi) with large-N scaling, and recompute the DSS mass-radius curve and contact frequency across the (m, N) plane, validating against the paper's analytic limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_06216_no_scale_bl_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "No-scale U(1) B-L hybrid-inflation gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.06216", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable public calculator exists for the metastable cosmic-string SGWB spectrum Omega_GW(f) as a function of G mu_CS and sqrt(kappa) in this model's window (sqrt(kappa) about 7.4-9.0); the paper's semi-analytic spectrum calculation is not released as code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the metastable-string loop spectrum (monopole-pair breaking with the standard loop-production functions) as a public module, e.g. by extending the metastable-string templates in PTArcade or packaging the Buchmuller-Domcke-Schmitz-type calculation with configurable loop and decay modeling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_08107_nonminimal_scalarized_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Nonminimally coupled scalarized cold-dark-matter field", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08107", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public modified-TOV neutron-star structure solver exists for this nonminimal coupling, so scalarized mass-radius, ADM-mass, and surface-gravity predictions cannot be generated across equations of state and coupling parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing DEF-scalarization TOV shooting code to the F(phi)R coupling and potential of this model, scanning central density, EOS, and coupling parameters to tabulate ADM mass, radius, surface gravity, and scalar charge.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_01249_hybrid_inflation_waterfall_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from hybrid-inflation waterfall dynamics with higher-dimensional inflaton terms", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2304.01249", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the small-scale curvature power spectrum generated during the hybrid-inflation waterfall transition including the quadratic and cubic inflaton-potential terms; the paper relies on its own classical equation-of-motion numerics, so P_zeta(k) cannot be regenerated across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement mode-by-mode numerical integration of the coupled inflaton-waterfall perturbations (or a stochastic delta-N treatment of the waterfall) for the potential with mu_1, mu_2, mu_3 terms, e.g. as an extension of a multi-field inflation solver such as PyTransport, and release it with the paper's tuned benchmark for validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_14993_stiff_reheating_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black-hole dark matter from stiff-era reheating collapse", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2309.14993", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No available code computes the scalar-induced GW spectrum Omega_GW(f) through a stiff era with arbitrary 1/3 < w <= 1 including the transition matching onto radiation domination; existing public induced-GW solvers are built for radiation-dominated kernels and the paper's own implementation is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend SIGWfast (or implement the second-order tensor Green-function kernels) for general constant w with mode matching at T_r, validating against the paper's w=1 spectra and the analytic radiation-era limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_11021_ddm_mathusla_toy_ensemble_v1", "model_name": "Dynamical dark matter MATHUSLA toy ensemble", "family": "dynamical_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.11021", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented MATHUSLA acceptance pipeline exists for the DDM toy ensemble: computing per-component decay probabilities in the surface-detector volume from the parent production and boost distributions is currently a paper-level projection with assumed zero background and perfect efficiency.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the parent-particle production in MadGraph/Pythia and fold the resulting chi_n boost spectra through the public MATHUSLA benchmark-geometry acceptance maps (as in the MATHUSLA physics-case study 1806.07396), summing over ensemble components with the scaling-law lifetimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11264_two_component_bdm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component boosted dark matter interpretation", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11264", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward-model code propagates a directional boosted chi_B flux through the Earth overburden with electron-scattering energy loss and detector orientation to predict the attenuated recoil spectrum and its daily modulation; the primary paper uses average rock densities and typical momentum-transfer-per-scatter estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing boosted/cosmic-ray dark-matter Earth-transport Monte Carlo (e.g. a DarkProp-style attenuation code) to vector-mediated chi_B-electron scattering, adding a layered Earth density profile, source-direction geometry, and detector-latitude time dependence to output attenuation factors and daily-modulation templates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11072_conformal_bl_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Conformal B-L pseudo-Goldstone dark matter", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11072", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled forward-model pipeline converts (m_DM, tau_DM) into a Galactic plus extragalactic neutrino flux for this model: the flux_model step has null tool_or_code and requires external halo, electroweak-cascade, and exposure assumptions not packaged anywhere.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine HDMSpectra (electroweak-corrected nu spectra for heavy DM decay) with standard NFW D-factor and cosmological line-of-sight integrals in a small script that outputs the differential neutrino flux per (m_DM, tau_DM) point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_15380_bino_neutralino_modulus_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bino-like neutralino dark matter from modulus decay in the MSSM", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.15380", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the effective three- and four-body modulus decay branching ratios into MSSM sparticle cascades ending in the bino-like LSP as a function of the sparticle spectrum, which the card identifies as the limiting calculation for B_DM.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the modulus with its W^a W_a and H_1 H_2 couplings in a FeynRules/SARAH model file and use CalcHEP or MadGraph to compute the higher-order partial widths over MSSM spectra, packaging the effective B_DM as a scan-ready module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_13924_r_symmetric_gut_higgs_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-symmetric GUT Higgs inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.13924", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released implementation of the R-symmetric GUT Higgs no-scale-like supergravity potential exists for a public multifield transport code, so the ultra-slow-roll background trajectory and enhanced P_R(k) — on which both observables depend exponentially — cannot currently be reproduced from the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the paper's Einstein-frame two-field potential (superpotential with the leading S H^3 term plus |S|^4 and |S|^6 Kahler corrections) in a public transport package such as PyTransport or CppTransport, and validate against the paper's benchmark n_s, r, A_s, and P_R(k) peaks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06882_bounce_generated_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Non-singular-bounce generated primordial black hole dark matter scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.06882", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code implements the loop-corrected and resummed primordial scalar power spectrum of the contraction/non-singular-bounce plus SR-USR-SR history, so the spectrum — the input to every downstream observable — cannot be regenerated for sound speeds, USR durations, or transition wavenumbers other than the paper's examples.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's EFT mode functions and one-loop regularization/renormalization/resummation formulas in a released numerical package parameterized by (c_s, A, N_Total, transition wavenumber), validated against the quoted peak amplitudes A = 1e-3 to 1e-2 and the 0.88 <= c_s <= 1 scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0710_5431_kev_sterile_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter with radiative decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.5431", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable public pipeline couples the sterile-neutrino decay X-ray background to primordial gas chemistry: the paper's benchmark H2/cooling results come from a private gas-evolution code, so the first-star collapse-threshold observable cannot be re-evaluated at other parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the decay X-ray flux (from m_s, theta, f_s and the halo/IGM geometry) as an ionization and heating source in a public primordial chemistry solver such as Grackle or KROME within a one-zone top-hat collapse model, reproducing the paper's benchmark minimum cooling halo masses as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1202_2253_pure_gravity_mediation_wino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pure gravity mediation neutral wino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2253", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-level wino-nucleon scattering prediction (sigma_SI ~ 1e-46-1e-48 cm^2 including two-loop gluon contributions) exists only as published formulas, with no public code producing Wilson coefficients for the heavy-Higgsino/scalar decoupling limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the Hisano et al. electroweak-loop matching (including two-loop gluon operators) into a small public module feeding DirectDM/DDCalc, parameterized by m_wino and M_SUSY with nucleon matrix-element inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04729_hidden_u1h_bosonic_h2_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden U(1)_H bosonic H2 dark matter for radiative neutrino mass", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04729", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The joint neutrino-oscillation fit, LFV branching-ratio computation, and loop-induced Z' leptonic branching-ratio calculation were performed with private scan code; no public tool reproduces the correlated f_ij scan that selects allowed points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the radiative neutrino-mass loop and the one-loop Z'-lepton vertex in a SARAH/SPheno (FlavorKit) model or a standalone public scan package, imposing current oscillation best fits, l_i -> l_j gamma limits, and the g < 4 perturbativity cut to reproduce the paper's branching-ratio scatter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_04858_primordial_extremal_black_hole_dark_electromagnetism_v1", "model_name": "Primordial extremal black holes with dark electromagnetism", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1906.04858", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Hawking-emission code computes spectra for near-extremal dark-U(1)-charged Reissner-Nordstrom black holes (suppressed temperature, dark-photon greybody factors), which are needed both for the residual emission of surviving remnants and for the burst spectrum of non-extremal merger products.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a BlackHawk-style Hawking-spectrum code to the dark-Reissner-Nordstrom metric, adding near-extremal temperature suppression, charged-particle greybody factors, and the dark-photon emission channel, validated against the ordinary Schwarzschild limit at zero charge.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m1_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with right-handed scalar mediator Model 1", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the baryon-ChPT form factors and exclusive amplitudes for hyperon dark decays (invisible, pionic, radiative) induced by the d_R d_R chi-u_R dimension-six operators of Model 1; branching fractions currently require redoing the paper's calculation by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's ChPT amplitudes for B -> chi(+pi/gamma) as a small open-source package (Wilson coefficients in, exclusive branching fractions out), validated against the paper's quoted rates, so it can be reused across the Model 1-3 operator basis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15605_multifield_sharp_turn_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black-hole dark matter from multi-field sharp-turn inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2203.15605", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no validated public pipeline that evolves the two-field sharp-turn/step benchmarks to P_R(k); the paper's perturbation solver is private and sharp features stress the time-stepping of generic transport codes.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the turn-rate-pulse parameterization (N_turn, eta_perp, Delta N) in PyTransport or MultiModeCode, validate against the paper's benchmark P_R(k) peaks and the three-turn/four-turn statements, and release the configuration.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_11222_post_recombination_superheavy_scalar_graviton_decay_v1", "model_name": "Post-recombination superheavy scalar dark matter decaying to gravitons", "family": "superheavy_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.11222", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes graviton-photon (inverse Gertsenshtein) conversion probabilities along lines of sight through realistic Galactic magnetic-field and plasma models; only the ALP-photon analogue is implemented, and the conversion probability dominates the flux prediction's uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the gammaALPs mixing-matrix framework, which already ships Jansson-Farrar-type Galactic field and electron-density models, to the spin-2 graviton-photon mixing case, and propagate the sub-PeV decay spectrum to sky-averaged conversion probabilities with field-model variations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0512172_negative_m0_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Negative-m0-squared mSUGRA gravitino superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0512172", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The negative-m_0^2 mSUGRA boundary condition is only implemented in the authors' private ISAJET modification, so no public spectrum generator is documented to evolve m_0^2 < 0 inputs to non-tachyonic weak-scale spectra with correct NLSP identification for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Add m_0^2 < 0 GUT-scale input handling (with weak-scale tachyon vetoing) to a maintained public spectrum generator such as SoftSUSY or SPheno and validate against the paper's Model A/B benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_5013_u1h_wimpzilla_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_H-stabilized WIMPZILLA with dark radiation", "family": "superheavy_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.5013", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator exists for the nonthermal superheavy WIMPZILLA abundance in this model's m_DM ~ 10^12-10^14 GeV, T_R ~ 10^9 GeV window; the card inherits the abundance from cited literature estimates, so the relic observable cannot be recomputed across the (m_DM, T_R, inflationary-history) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard gravitational/inflationary superheavy-production formulas from the cited WIMPZILLA literature (hep-ph/9802238 lineage) as a small numerical module parameterized by m_DM, T_R, and H_inf, and validate it against the quoted 10^12-10^14 GeV abundance window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m2_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with scalar mediator Model 2", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the baryon-ChPT form factors and exclusive amplitudes for hyperon dark decays (invisible, pionic, radiative) induced by Model 2's left/right quark-chi operators (O_ab, Ostar_ab); branching fractions currently require redoing the paper's calculation by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's ChPT amplitudes for B -> chi(+pi/gamma) as a small open-source package (Wilson coefficients in, exclusive branching fractions out), validated against the paper's quoted rates, covering both chiralities of the Model 1-3 operator basis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_11896_higgsed_dark_photon_gravitational_production_v1", "model_name": "Higgsed dark photon gravitational-production dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.11896", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the gravitationally produced longitudinal dark-photon spectrum with a Higgsed, time-dependent mass history m_A_prime(t); existing gravitational-production results cover the Stueckelberg or decoupled-Higgs limits, so the two-peak energy-density spectrum and relic mass window cannot be recomputed or scanned without rebuilding the paper's mode-equation integrator.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release a longitudinal-mode ODE integrator over inflation and reheating parameterized by H_I, g, t_c, and the dark-Higgs VEV time law, validated by recovering the Stueckelberg spectrum in the small-g limit and the paper's quoted mass window at H_I = 1e14 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_08686_singlet_scalar_waterfall_decay_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Singlet scalar dark matter from waterfall preheating and decay", "family": "singlet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.08686", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver exists for the mode-equation preheating calculation of S production during the waterfall transition (time-dependent effective mass m_S,eff^2 = m_S,0^2 + lambda_S chi_1(t)^2); the relic prediction relies on the source's un-released numerical treatment, and its assumption caveat warns that different waterfall dynamics or backreaction shift the relic line.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an open mode-function solver for particle production across the waterfall transition (Bogoliubov mode equations with the chi_1(t) background, or a lattice run in CosmoLattice for the tachyonic regime with backreaction), validated against the source benchmarks at H_I = 1e6 and 1e8 GeV with lambda_H = 1e-2, and couple its yield to the perturbative chi_1 -> S S decay source term.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13378_dark_quark_nugget_dark_binary_v1", "model_name": "Dark-quark-nugget dark binaries with a long-range dark force", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13378", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable semi-analytic code exists for primordial dark-binary formation and merger-rate evolution of macroscopic dark matter (dark quark nuggets) including an attractive long-range dark force and model-dependent charge-to-mass assignments; the calculation is currently done only via the paper's bespoke analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the standard primordial-black-hole binary-formation semi-analytic formalism into a public code that adds dark-charge configurations and the extra 1/r dark force to the three-body decoupling and torque calculation, parameterized by (M, f, alpha, charge-to-mass ratio, initial separation distribution), outputting merger-rate histories R(z).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1010_3431_scalar_graviton_soft_core_halo_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-graviton soft-core halo dark matter", "family": "modified_gravity_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.3431", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forward-model and fitting pipeline exists that combines the scalar-graviton soft-core profile P_h(r) with galaxy-specific baryonic components and fits observed rotation curves; the profile has only been verified as a vacuum solution, so its parameters (R_h, rho_h(0)) have never been confronted with galaxy data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the soft-core profile as a halo component in a SPARC-based rotation-curve fitting framework (ODE solution for P_h plus standard disk/bulge/gas decompositions), and fit the galaxy sample to produce per-galaxy posteriors on R_h and rho_h(0) and a survey-level goodness-of-fit likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1203_6646_secluded_dm_hidden_cft_v1", "model_name": "Secluded dark matter coupled to a hidden CFT", "family": "secluded_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.6646", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The saturated Sommerfeld boost factor from a tower of hidden mediators (masses m_n, couplings alpha_n) has no numerical implementation; only single-mediator approximations plus analytic tower arguments exist, limiting the reliability of the low-velocity annihilation prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Numerically solve the Schroedinger equation with the summed Yukawa potential of the KK/composite vector tower to obtain velocity-dependent and saturated boost factors, validated against the single-mediator Hulthen limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_07973_fermionic_uv_ir_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-singlet fermionic UV/IR freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.07973", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No code computes the effective line-of-sight density rho_eff for annihilation through a long-lived pseudoscalar that propagates an astrophysical decay length before decaying to photons, which is the distinctive morphology ingredient of the 3.5 keV cascade prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a standard J-factor calculator (e.g. CLUMPY or a custom line-of-sight integrator over a Milky Way halo model) with a displaced-decay kernel that convolves the annihilation profile with the pseudoscalar decay length, following the primary paper's rho_eff treatment.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_vector_mediator_m3_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with vector mediator Model 3", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the baryon-ChPT form factors and exclusive amplitudes for hyperon dark decays (invisible, pionic, radiative) induced by the Fierzed quark-chi operators of the Model 3 vector mediator; branching fractions currently require redoing the paper's calculation by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's ChPT amplitudes for B -> chi(+pi/gamma) as a small open-source package (Wilson coefficients in, exclusive branching fractions out), validated against the paper's quoted rates, so it can be reused across the Model 1-3 operator basis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_02401_two_form_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-form-field inflationary primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2202.02401", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline maps the inflaton-dependent two-form kinetic function I(phi) to the sourced small-scale curvature spectrum and the associated Omega_GW(k): the mode-function integration on the Starobinsky background, the source convolution integrals, and the two-form-specific GW diagrams exist only as the paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release a numerical solver for two-form mode growth under I(phi)^2 H^2 coupling with the sourced curvature and tensor convolution integrals (extending an existing inflationary perturbation code or SIGWfast-style induced-GW framework), validated by recovering the A about 3.2e-4, f_PBH=1 benchmark and the paper's Omega_GW peaks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_solo_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Solo-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "PBHbounds constraints are compiled for monochromatic mass functions, and although the single-bump mass function is peaked, the finite-width f_PBH(M) still requires an extended-mass-function recast that is not wired into the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the PBHbounds pipeline with the standard Carr-et-al extended-mass-function method, integrating the predicted f_PBH(M) against each digitized monochromatic constraint curve to produce combined exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1408_1176_high_scale_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "High-scale-inflation Q-ball dark matter and baryogenesis scenario", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1408.1176", "score": 21.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Q-ball property calculator exists for this scenario: the mass-charge relations M(Q) and R(Q) for gauge-mediation and new-type Q balls, stability against nucleon decay, evaporation/decay temperatures, and fragmentation charge estimates are scattered analytic formulae with no reusable implementation, which the card itself lists as a required code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the gauge-mediated and new-type Q-ball M(Q), R(Q), stability, decay-temperature, and fragmentation-charge formulae (with lattice-calibrated fragmentation coefficients from the literature) as a small public module parameterized by (M_F, m_3/2, lambda_G, lambda_N, T_RH), validated against the paper's Q_N ~ 1e23-1e31 and m_3/2 window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_06929_so10_netdm_model_i_dirac_triplet_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) NETDM Model I with (1,1,3)_D Dirac fermion", "family": "so10_netdm", "arxiv": "1502.06929", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented two-loop RGE pipeline for the SO(10) -> SU(4)_C x SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R breaking chain with the Model I (1,1,3)_D dark and Higgs field content, so M_int and M_GUT (and their threshold sensitivity) cannot be recomputed independently of the source paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the intermediate-scale field content in a two-loop RGE generator such as SARAH or PyR@TE, validate against the source Table scales (M_int ~ 10^8.08 GeV), and expose M_int(M_GUT) with threshold-correction bands as a reusable module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_06929_so10_netdm_model_i_dirac_triplet_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) NETDM Model I with (1,1,3)_D Dirac fermion", "family": "so10_netdm", "arxiv": "1502.06929", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No proton-decay lifetime calculator exists for this model's dimension-six operators at the two-loop-determined M_GUT, so the proton-decay viability step is done only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gauge-boson-mediated d=6 proton-decay Wilson coefficients for this breaking chain, run them to the proton scale, combine with lattice nucleon matrix elements, and compare tau(p -> e+ pi0) against Super-Kamiokande limits and Hyper-Kamiokande projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_06929_so10_netdm_model_ii_weyl_adjoint_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) NETDM Model II with (15,1,1)_W Weyl fermion", "family": "so10_netdm", "arxiv": "1502.06929", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented two-loop RGE pipeline for the SO(10) -> SU(4)_C x SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R chain with the Model II (15,1,1)_W dark multiplet and left-right Higgs content, so M_int (~10^13.66 GeV) and the raised M_GUT cannot be recomputed with controlled threshold corrections.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the field content in a two-loop RGE generator such as SARAH or PyR@TE, validate against the source Table scales, and expose M_int and M_GUT with threshold-correction uncertainty bands as a reusable module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_06929_so10_netdm_model_ii_weyl_adjoint_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) NETDM Model II with (15,1,1)_W Weyl fermion", "family": "so10_netdm", "arxiv": "1502.06929", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No proton-decay lifetime calculator exists for this model's gauge-mediated dimension-six operators at the raised M_GUT > 10^15 GeV, so proton-decay viability is assessed only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the d=6 proton-decay Wilson coefficients for this breaking chain, run them to the proton scale, combine with lattice nucleon matrix elements, and compare tau(p -> e+ pi0) against Super-Kamiokande limits and Hyper-Kamiokande projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_08375_quintet_minimal_dark_matter_higgs_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_L quintet fermion minimal dark matter with Higgs inflation", "family": "minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.08375", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The RG-improved Higgs-inflation prediction (n_s = 0.9672, r = 0.0031) including quintet and right-handed-neutrino threshold effects and a consistent reheating-determined e-folding number exists only as the paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-loop SM RGEs extended with the quintet and seesaw contributions (generated with PyR@TE or SARAH), match to the RG-improved effective potential in the Einstein frame, and compute slow-roll n_s and r with the reheating-consistent e-fold count, validating against the paper's benchmark values.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0511630_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0511630", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No X-ray decay-line flux pipeline (decay rate, target D-factors, instrument response) is attached to the card, so the mass-mixing X-ray exclusion can only be transcribed from literature curves rather than re-evaluated for arbitrary (m_s, sin^2 2theta, Omega_s).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the required 'X-ray decay-flux calculator': radiative decay rate as a function of m_s and mixing, folded with published diffuse-background and M31/cluster D-factors and flux limits, packaged so the exclusion curve can be regenerated for any production scenario.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9809547_bosonic_superheavy_x_vacuum_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bosonic superheavy X-particle from vacuum fluctuations", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9809547", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes gravitational particle production for this bosonic X field: the Bogolyubov mode-equation integration for a minimally or conformally coupled scalar (xi=0 or 1/6) through chaotic inflation and the transition to the Friedmann stage, with smooth matching to avoid the artificial-particle problem the paper warns about at large m_X.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or release an existing group-internal) mode-function solver that evolves the scalar field equations on a numerically computed chaotic-inflation scale-factor history with smooth junctions, validated by reproducing the paper's n_X versus m_X/m_phi curves for xi=0 and xi=1/6.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412200_nonthermal_wino_anomaly_mediated_nmssm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal wino dark matter in UV-insensitive anomaly-mediated NMSSM extension", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412200", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum generator implements the UV-insensitive anomaly-mediated NMSSM with vector-like D and L fields, so the wino-LSP region, EWSB viability, and charged-neutral splitting rest on the paper's analytic scan rather than a reproducible numerical spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the superpotential and AMSB soft terms of the vector-like NMSSM extension in SARAH and generate a SPheno spectrum module, validating against the paper's viable-EWSB and wino-LSP contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509128_deflected_amsb_bino_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "Deflected anomaly-mediated bino neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509128", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Deflected-AMSB boundary conditions (F_phi, A_X, deflection parameter d, N_f messenger thresholds) are not implemented in any current public spectrum generator; the original scan relied on ISAJET/ISASUGRA-era running that cannot be pinned or reproduced as-is.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the deflected-AMSB high-scale soft terms with messenger-threshold corrections as a model file in SoftSUSY or SPheno (both accept general non-universal boundary conditions), validate against the paper's WMAP contour regions, and pin versions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1109_6291_dw_sterile_neutrino_wdm_halo_model_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino WDM halo model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1109.6291", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public halo-model implementation includes this paper's WDM-calibrated ingredients (suppressed mass function, softened concentration-mass relation, modified subhalo terms) needed to produce the nonlinear P(k) and halo statistics for DW sterile-neutrino masses.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public halo-model code (e.g. halomod/pyHMcode or HMcode) with the paper's WDM mass-function, concentration, and subhalo calibrations, parameterized by the filtering mass M_f, and validate against the paper's 0.5-10 keV examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_3539_superheavy_scalar_r2_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy scalar dark matter from R^2 inflation", "family": "superheavy_gravitational_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.3539", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No mode-function/Bogoliubov solver exists for gravitational particle production of a scalar with a scalaron-dependent effective mass at the end of R^2 inflation, so the occupation number, number density, and velocity dispersion of the superheavy relic cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a numerical mode-equation solver on the Starobinsky R^2 background (evolve the scalaron and scale factor, solve the scalar mode functions through the nonadiabatic mass transition, extract Bogoliubov beta_k), following the standard gravitational-production framework of Chung-Kolb-Riotto/Ema et al., and validate against the paper's 1e16 GeV viable-abundance benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1202_5717_type_iii_seesaw_darkon_v1", "model_name": "Type-III seesaw plus darkon Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5717", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the coupled RG evolution of the SM plus Type-III seesaw triplets plus darkon singlet, including the positive lambda_SH contribution to the Higgs-quartic beta function and the triplet threshold, so the vacuum-stability windows must be re-derived from the paper's formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate two-loop RGEs for the SM+Type-III-seesaw+singlet field content with PyR@TE or SARAH, include threshold matching at M_Sigma and M_S, and release an integration script validated against the paper's lambda_SH stabilization benchmark (lambda_S=0.1, lambda_SH>=0.031).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_3459_long_lived_scalar_a_neutrino_portal_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived scalar A neutrino-portal dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3459", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Above M_A of about 8 TeV the card notes three- and four-body decays dominate, but no spectrum generator exists for these multi-body neutrino-portal final states including electroweak showering, so the simple line interpretation breaks down in the heavy-mass regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the three- and four-body decay matrix elements from the primary paper in a spectrum generator and convolve with HDMSpectra electroweak fragmentation to produce neutrino (and secondary gamma) spectra for M_A above 8 TeV up to the PeV benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_01267_unitary_spin1_schannel_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Unitarity-consistent spin-1 s-channel Dirac dark matter model", "family": "spin1_simplified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01267", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public gauge-invariant UFO model implements the unitarity-safe spin-1 completion (restricted g_u^L = g_d^L couplings, induced WWZ-prime triple gauge vertex, or dark-Higgs mass generation), so mono-W event generation with arbitrary isospin-breaking couplings reproduces the spurious energy-growing amplitudes the paper corrects.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing spin-1 DMsimp-style FeynRules/UFO implementation with the WWZ-prime interaction proportional to g_u^L - g_d^L and an optional dark-Higgs sector, validate that the high-energy mono-W growth cancels, and release the UFO for MadGraph5_aMC@NLO.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_06834_scale_invariant_su2_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant SU(2)_DM vector dark matter with leptogenesis", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.06834", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative ARS leptogenesis solver is set up for this model; the phi > 2.5 TeV lower bound rests on transferring Akhmedov-Rubakov-Smirnov results rather than solving the sterile-neutrino density-matrix equations for the scale-invariant scalar/Yukawa sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing ARS density-matrix code (kinetic equations for oscillating right-handed neutrinos) to this model's Y_D, Y_M structure and singlet-scalar-dependent M_N, and rederive the BAU-viable region of the hidden vev.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_13326_pbh_eeftoi_dispersion_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from EEFToI dispersion enhancement", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1912.13326", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public mode-function solver handles the EEFToI dispersion relation with a transient negative quartic term stabilized by a sextic term, so the enhanced curvature power spectrum P_R(k) cannot be computed for new coefficient choices; every downstream quantity (mass function, f_PBH, induced GWs) depends on it.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated numerical integrator for the Mukhanov-Sasaki equation with omega^2(k, tau) including the time-dependent quartic and sextic spatial-derivative terms, with WKB initial conditions and an automatic check of the EFT-subdominance criterion, validated against the paper's benchmark spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_01347_u1r_superheavy_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_R superheavy LSP dark matter", "family": "superheavy_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.01347", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No spectrum calculation exists for the gauged U(1)_R SUGRA model at superheavy soft-mass scales (10^10-10^12 GeV): public SUSY spectrum codes target TeV-scale MSSM spectra and do not implement the Green-Schwarz-induced gaugino masses and inflatino/U(1)_R-gaugino mixing that determine the LSP identity.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model in SARAH and generate a SPheno module implementing the U(1)_R vector multiplet, Green-Schwarz gaugino-mass terms, and inflatino mixing, then run RGEs to the 10^10-10^12 GeV soft scale to determine the LSP composition and mass for each Kaehler benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0408448_long_lived_radion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived radion dark matter in Randall-Sundrum cosmology", "family": "extra_dimensional_radion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0408448", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No solver exists for the post-inflation Randall-Sundrum radion background: evolving R(t) and Omega_R(t) through stabilization with the potential V(R) and brane matter densities, needed to determine the relic fraction and check overclosure/premature matter domination, is currently done only by hand in the primary.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated ODE integrator for the Einstein-frame scalar-tensor background (radion plus brane radiation/matter with couplings A(R), B(R)), scanning M_R, R_initial, and stabilization epoch, validated against the primary's matter-like scaling and the tau_R ~ 1.2e7 yr (GeV/M_R)^3 lifetime branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1006_4008_resonant_msm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonant MSM sterile-neutrino dark matter with technically natural N2-N3 degeneracy", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1006.4008", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code solves the nuMSM kinetic equations that generate the required low-temperature lepton asymmetry (L/B ~ 3e5) from oscillations and decays of nearly degenerate GeV-scale N2/N3, so the input asymmetry for resonant N1 production cannot be computed from model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release a density-matrix kinetic-equation solver for the nuMSM (M, delta m_phys, Yukawa textures as inputs; late-time lepton asymmetry as output), building on published resonant-leptogenesis formalisms for GeV-scale HNLs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05890_scale_invariant_pseudoscalar_wimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant pseudoscalar WIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "scale_invariant_wimpzilla_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05890", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the classically scale-invariant scalar/Agravity sector: RG-improved running of the singlet quartics, Higgs portal, and non-minimal gravitational couplings f0/f2, and the resulting pseudo-Goldstone inflaton trajectory and mass spectrum, exist only in the source paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the model's RGEs (SARAH/RGBeta for the matter sector, adding the Agravity beta functions from the source literature) and code an RG-improved potential minimizer plus single-field slow-roll solver that outputs the mass spectrum, n_s, and r as functions of the input couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1808_08236_despicable_dark_relic_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Despicable dark relic non-minimally coupled scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1808.08236", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver evolves mode functions of a non-minimally coupled spectator scalar (xi R phi^2) through an oscillating-inflaton reheating background with tachyonic bursts, so the occupation spectrum entering everything downstream can only be reproduced by reimplementing the paper's private numerics.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a stiff-ODE mode-function solver that takes (xi, m_phi, H_inf, H_reh, reheating equation of state w) and outputs the tachyonic occupation spectrum n_k, validating against the paper's abundance contours for quadratic and quartic reheating; a linear-mode module on top of a lattice reheating code such as CosmoLattice would also serve.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_04061_curvature_induced_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-induced adiabatic scalar singlet dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.04061", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public background solver evolves the non-minimally coupled singlet (m^2 chi^2 + xi R chi^2 + lambda chi^4) through inflation, reheating, and the quartic-to-quadratic oscillation transition to output Omega_chi h^2; the paper's integrator is private and tied to its two inflation templates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a released ODE integrator for the coupled inflaton-plus-spectator background (parameterized by m, xi, lambda, H_end, H_reh, and reheating equation of state), reproducing the paper's Omega_chi h^2 = 0.12 examples for MeV mass and |xi| of order one, and packaged so alternative inflation potentials can be swapped in.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_02225_superheavy_gravitational_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stable gravitationally produced superheavy scalar dark matter after non-minimal inflation", "family": "gravitationally_produced_superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.02225", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical code computes gravitational production of a conformally coupled superheavy scalar through the rapid post-inflationary Hubble-rate spikes of quartic non-minimal inflation; the exponentially suppressed Bogolyubov coefficient for m_chi > H_infl currently rests on the paper's analytic approximation and unreleased numerics, and the abundance is exponentially sensitive to this step.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or build a mode-function solver that evolves the chi field equation on the numerically computed non-minimal-inflation background (inflaton evolution with xi from 1 to about 100), extracts Bogolyubov coefficients through the spike phase, and scans m_chi/H_infl and reheating histories; validate against the paper's analytic exponential-suppression limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_12118_adr_sterile_neutrino_axion_like_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like dark matter coupled to ADR sterile neutrinos", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.12118", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public QKE solver evolves the active-sterile density matrix with both an altered-dispersion-relation potential and a time-dependent sterile mass sourced by the oscillating scalar condensate; the primary paper's scans used an unreleased implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing momentum-dependent QKE code (e.g. LASAGNA or FortEPiaNO) with two new potential terms: the parameterized ADR potential epsilon-term and the m_s(t) contribution from the Bessel-function condensate solution, then validate against the primary paper's suppressed-population regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0509592_complex_scalar_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Complex scalar dark fluid", "family": "complex_scalar_dark_fluid", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0509592", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No halo-profile solver or rotation-curve fitting pipeline exists for the quadratic-regime complex-scalar (boson-star-like) halos of this model, so the claimed spiral-galaxy rotation-curve success cannot be tested against data.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the static Einstein-Klein-Gordon (or Newtonian Gross-Pitaevskii limit) equations for the rotating complex scalar in the quadratic-potential regime to produce circular-velocity profiles as functions of (m, omega, central density), then fit them to a standard rotation-curve compilation such as SPARC with a chi-square/likelihood pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503052_su5_goldstino_bino_wino_split_susy_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) Goldstino split-SUSY Bino-Wino neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503052", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No named public spectrum code implements the SU(5) Goldstino gaugino-mass boundary conditions with split-SUSY threshold matching needed to run GUT-scale ratios to the weak-scale M1, M2, M3 and neutralino mixing.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Goldstino-loop GUT boundary conditions as a model file in FlexibleSUSY (or the SoftSUSY split-SUSY mode) with split-SUSY matching at m_SUSY, validating against the paper's M1/M2 near-degeneracy surfaces.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph9806480_chiral_vorton_superconducting_string_dm_v1", "model_name": "Chiral vorton dark matter from Witten-type superconducting strings", "family": "topological_defect_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9806480", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No model-specific superconducting-string stability solver exists to evaluate whether chiral Witten-type vorton loops are classically and quantum-mechanically stable on cosmological timescales; both stability steps are currently done, at best, by hand-comparison to non-universal detailed-vorton papers.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a field-theoretic vorton stability code that solves the current-carrying loop equations of state for given carrier mass, loop charge, and potential parameters, computes the classical stability region (e.g. via the Carter-Peter equation-of-state criterion), and estimates quantum charge-loss/tunneling rates, exposing a stable-lifetime region in (Gmu, carrier mass, N) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1007_5100_no_scale_fsu5_golden_point_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "No-Scale F-SU(5) Golden Point neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.5100", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified F-SU(5) spectrum generator (adapted SuSpect RGEs with flipped SU(5) x U(1)_X two-step unification, TeV vector-like multiplets, and no-scale M0=A=B_mu=0 boundary conditions) is not public, so the Golden Point spectrum feeding all downstream observables cannot be reproduced with released code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the F-SU(5) field content and vector-like multiplet thresholds in SARAH to generate a SPheno spectrum module (or publish the modified SuSpect routines), enforce the no-scale boundary conditions at M_F, and validate against the published Golden Point (M_1/2=455.3 GeV, tan beta=15.02, Omega h^2=0.1123).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_5865_hidden_condensate_matter_parity_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-condensate matter-parity-violating gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5865", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No pipeline computes precision tau_NLSP and tau_3/2 from a full supersymmetric spectrum with the induced bilinear matter-parity violation; the card relies on approximate analytic lifetime formulae tied to a reference spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model point in a public RPV-capable spectrum and decay calculator (SPheno/SARAH with bilinear RPV) to compute NLSP decay widths, and add the supergravity gravitino RPV decay widths as a small post-processing module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_09126_fermionic_higgs_portal_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic Higgs-portal dark matter with singlet-scalar inflation", "family": "higgs_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.09126", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver for the RGE-improved two-scalar inflationary sector: computing n_s, r, and the stability/monotonicity flag from (lambda_h, lambda_s, lambda_sh, y_chi, xi_h, xi_s) along the Higgs or singlet inflation axis requires reimplementing the paper's one-loop running plus non-minimal slow-roll analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the model's one-loop RGEs with SARAH/RGBeta, add the Einstein-frame potential with non-minimal couplings, and code a slow-roll solver that returns n_s, r, and vacuum-stability flags per scan point, validated against the paper's resonance-region benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_01263_type_iii_gmsb_lhu_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw GMSB gravitino dark matter with L H_u inflation", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.01263", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the type-III-seesaw GMSB model exists for computing BR(mu to e gamma) from the messenger Yukawa matrix Y_D, so the LFV messenger-mass window (3.21e11-2.28e12 GeV) cannot be independently reproduced or updated to MEG II sensitivity.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(5)-adjoint type-III messenger sector in SARAH and use the generated SPheno/FlavorKit code to compute BR(mu to e gamma) as a function of (M, Y_D, neutrino hierarchy), validating against the paper's quoted two-messenger window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_12750_vas_supergravity_a4_asteroid_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "VAS supergravity a4 quartic-superpotential asteroid PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2301.12750", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released numerical pipeline solves the VAS a4 inflationary background and Mukhanov-Sasaki perturbations for the quoted superpotential W=A[a0+T^2+a3 T^3+a4 T^4+S(T+b2 T^2)]; the paper's benchmark-specific integration is not public, so P_R(k) — the input to every downstream step — cannot currently be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the VAS a4 scalar potential in a public single-field inflation solver (e.g. PyTransport, MultiModeCode, or a bespoke background+Mukhanov-Sasaki integrator) and validate against the quoted n_s=0.9636, r=0.0208, and the P_R peak slightly above 1e-2 at k~1e13 Mpc^-1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_12750_vas_supergravity_b3_asteroid_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "VAS supergravity b3 quartic-superpotential asteroid PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2301.12750", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released numerical pipeline solves the VAS b3 inflationary background and Mukhanov-Sasaki perturbations for the quoted superpotential W=A[a0+T^2+a3 T^3+S(T+b2 T^2+b3 T^3)]; the paper's benchmark-specific integration is not public, so P_R(k) — the input to every downstream step — cannot currently be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the VAS b3 scalar potential in a public single-field inflation solver (e.g. PyTransport, MultiModeCode, or a bespoke background+Mukhanov-Sasaki integrator) and validate against the quoted n_s=0.9616, r=0.0216, and the P_R peak slightly above 1e-2 at k~1e13 Mpc^-1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17760_smooth_crossover_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Smooth-crossover primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.17760", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scalar-induced GW spectrum through the crossover was computed with a non-public Julia code; no public induced-GW integrator handles the fully time-dependent w(t) and c_s^2(t) background this model requires.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain public release of the paper's Julia induced-GW code, or extend SIGWfast's kernel computation to arbitrary tabulated w(t)/c_s^2(t) thermal histories, validating on the pure-radiation limit and the paper's model A/B detector-band shift.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_a_majorana_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation WIMP Case A", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 18.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator exists for exoergic WIMP-nucleus bound-state capture cross sections in the MeV mass-gap regime: the semiclassical approximation is only valid when many bound levels contribute, and outside that regime realistic nuclear charge distributions and wave functions are required.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a numerical capture-rate code solving the Schrodinger problem for the charged excitation in the nuclear Coulomb potential with realistic charge form factors for Xe, C, and O targets, computing level-resolved capture cross sections times velocity as a function of (Delta m, m_X, couplings) and validated against the paper's semiclassical limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_01770_baryonic_vector_scalar_light_dm_v1", "model_name": "Baryonic-vector scalar light dark matter benchmark", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.01770", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nuclear-response modeling needed to convert the baryonic-vector dark-matter flux into quasi-elastic and deep-inelastic neutral-pion-like event distributions in mineral-oil or argon detectors is not covered by BdNMC alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface BdNMC fluxes with a neutrino-interaction generator's nuclear model (e.g. GENIE or NuWro form factors and final-state interactions) adapted to the baryonic-current vertex, to produce detector-level QE/DIS pi0-like distributions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_05382_n2hdm_dark_doublet_phase_v1", "model_name": "N2HDM Dark Doublet Phase", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.05382", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The NLO electroweak corrections to h_125 -> H_D H_D in the N2HDM dark doublet phase, shown in related work to be sizable for heavy dark charged scalars, exist only as a private calculation, so the precision invisible-Higgs constraint near BR < 0.11 cannot be evaluated with public tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the arXiv:2104.03184 one-loop electroweak corrections to the dark-scalar invisible width as a public extension of N2HDECAY (or a standalone module), validated against the published m_H_D near 62 GeV benchmark scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_01050_hidden_su_n_confinement_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-SU(N) confinement induced scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.01050", "score": 15.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No parameter-space scanner implements the model's analytic chain end-to-end (confinement-induced mass, T_osc = Lambda_N relic curve, lifetime map) over (Lambda_N, M, lambda_phi, QCD coupling ratio), so the viable eV-MeV region can only be read off the paper's figure rather than recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small scan notebook encoding the source's analytic mass, relic, and decay-rate formulas, validated by reproducing the paper's viable-region figure including the M < M_P reference condition, and expose it as the route's model-card calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_cdm_3x24_v1", "model_name": "Three-24 type III GMSB gravitino cold dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 12.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mu -> e gamma prediction (BR > 1e-14) has no route or implemented pipeline from the type III seesaw Yukawa/messenger structure to a branching ratio comparable with current MEG II limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the type III seesaw GMSB model in SARAH/SPheno with FlavorKit to compute BR(mu -> e gamma) over the messenger-scale and Yukawa parameter space and compare against the current MEG II bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0902_2510_cmssm_rhn_neutralino_sneutrino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM with GUT-scale right-handed neutrino and neutralino-sneutrino coannihilation", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0902.2510", "score": 10, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectrum generator implements the nuCMSSM RGE system used here: the GUT-scale right-handed neutrino with large y_N and universal RHN soft terms whose running drives the left tau sneutrino nearly degenerate with the neutralino LSP, which is the mechanism that creates the coannihilation strip.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the CMSSM-plus-one-RHN model in SARAH and generate a two-loop SPheno spectrum generator (or patch SOFTSUSY with the y_N/M_N RGE terms and RHN soft masses), validating by recovering the source's sneutrino coannihilation strip and the m_h = 114.4 GeV contour.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_01263_type_iii_gmsb_messenger_inflation_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw GMSB gravitino dark matter with messenger inflation", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.01263", "score": 0.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LFV/perturbativity leg of the exclusion (no viable three-messenger mass window) cannot be independently verified because no public code computes BR(mu to e gamma) for the type-III-seesaw GMSB messenger Yukawa sector; only the paper's own recast exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Reuse a SARAH/SPheno-FlavorKit implementation of the type-III-seesaw GMSB messenger sector (the same implementation needed for the viable L H_u branch card) to recompute the LFV and perturbativity windows as a function of messenger count and neutrino hierarchy.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 14, "rank_structure_formation": 22}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "PBH formation & abundance pipeline", "n_gaps": 106, "n_models": 102, "weight": 2634.3, "n_models_structure_formation": 29, "weight_structure_formation": 827.9, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 44, "blocks_key_observables": 58, "minor": 4}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 80, "small": 22, "large": 4}, "members": [{"model_id": "1911_13281_n_machos_v1", "model_name": "N MACHOs", "family": "multi_sector_compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.13281", "score": 47, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Microlensing and femtolensing constraints on N-MACHOs are proxied by monochromatic point-lens PBH limits; no likelihood exists that folds in the OGLE and Subaru/HSC survey detection efficiencies, finite-source and finite-lens-size effects, and an extended N-MACHO mass function in the 10^-16 to 10^-8 solar-mass window.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an event-rate likelihood from the published OGLE 5-year and Subaru/HSC M31 efficiency curves plus GRB femtolensing data, generalized to arbitrary lens mass functions and finite lens radii from the polytropic M-R relation, validated by recovering the published monochromatic PBH bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_00208_hidden_sector_phase_transition_axion_minicluster_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector phase-transition axion minicluster dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.00208", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood exists for extended AU-scale lenses in this scenario; point-MACHO limits are not directly applicable and survey efficiencies were never assembled.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from published EROS/OGLE/HSC-Subaru microlensing survey efficiency functions with finite-size and extended-lens magnification corrections for the predicted (M_m, R_m, f_MC) population.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_07255_scalar_dm_clumps_angular_momentum_v1", "model_name": "Light scalar dark matter clumps with angular momentum", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07255", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing event-rate calculator or likelihood handling extended (finite-size) clump lenses is available; published Subaru HSC limits assume pointlike lenses, and the card's compactness constraint says extended clumps weaken direct application of those limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public HSC/OGLE microlensing event-rate code with finite-lens-size magnification for the angular-momentum-modified R_90(M, l) relation and standard-halo kinematics, producing exclusion curves in (M, R_90, halo fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_12405_cosmological_gauge_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmological gauge field dark matter", "family": "standard_model_classical_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.12405", "score": 36, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or constraint mapping exists connecting the predicted CGF dark-star mass-radius population to observational compact-object data (microlensing, GW merger catalogs), so the dark-star branch of the route ends without any data comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "After unit verification, map the TOV mass-radius solutions onto existing compact-object constraint machinery: recast microlensing (OGLE/Subaru-HSC) and LIGO/Virgo subsolar or exotic-compact-object search limits as bounds on the CGF dark-star abundance fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_04053_early_matter_dominated_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Early matter-dominated primordial black hole dark matter with non-Gaussian clustering", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1909.04053", "score": 35.9, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The constraint on f_PBH*sqrt(tau_NL) is applied only as a quoted approximate rewriting of the Planck CDM isocurvature bound; there is no implemented likelihood that ingests the clustered-PBH isocurvature spectrum (with its C_2 and scale dependence) into a Planck analysis, so precise, prior-robust allowed regions and BBN-consistent T_R joint constraints cannot be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PBH-induced CDM isocurvature spectrum as an initial-condition option in CLASS/CAMB parameterized by (f_PBH, tau_NL, C_2, M_PBH) and constrain it with the Planck isocurvature likelihood in Cobaya, adding the BBN T_R > few MeV consistency check on the early matter-dominated reheating.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_11522_pbh_superradiance_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy scalar dark matter from primordial-black-hole superradiance", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11522", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN/CMB filtering of the PBH parameter space (M_i below about 1e9 g, beta, injected relativistic energy) is done by overlaying literature exclusion curves rather than by any likelihood, so the allowed-region boundaries carry uncontrolled precision (card notes dedicated BBN/CMB/N_eff constraints are needed).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Hawking energy-injection constraints as a likelihood by feeding BlackHawk emission spectra for spinning PBHs into a BBN code (e.g. ACROPOLIS-style photodisintegration treatment) and a Delta N_eff calculation, producing a (M_i, beta, a_star) likelihood surface for the pre-BBN evaporation window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_07333_generalized_no_scale_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generalized no-scale inflation with PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.07333", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No integrated likelihood exists for the final comparison step: PBH abundance constraint compilations, the NANOGrav 15-year stochastic-GW likelihood, LISA/Taiji/TianQin-band sensitivities, and Planck/BICEP-Keck n_s/r bounds are not wired into a single pipeline that scores a given (alpha, potential-parameter) point.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine a public PBH-bounds compilation (PBHbounds-class), the PTArcade interface to the NANOGrav 15-year data, interferometer power-law-integrated sensitivity curves, and the Planck n_s/r constraint into one joint likelihood evaluated on the outputs of the Mukhanov-Sasaki plus SIGW pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_10340_halo_axion_star_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Halo axion-star QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.10340", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No finite-size-lens microlensing recast pipeline exists that convolves the axion-star density profile (and its minihalo environment) with EROS/MACHO/OGLE/MOA event-selection efficiencies and finite-source effects to produce excluded dark-matter fractions as a function of M_AS and R_AS.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an extended-lens microlensing calculator that computes magnification light curves for the solved axion-star profiles, folds in published survey efficiency curves and cadences from EROS/MACHO/OGLE/MOA, and outputs an exclusion likelihood on the axion-star fraction; validate by recovering point-lens limits in the compact-radius limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_13333_rolling_pq_axion_bubble_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Rolling-PQ axion-bubble PBH seed model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.13333", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast pipeline connects the clustered PBH/minicluster population to high-redshift quasar angular correlations and CMB isocurvature bounds; existing axion-bubble clustering limits were derived without the rolling-PQ large-scale suppression, and a PBH-to-quasar occupation and merger/accretion model is needed to compare with SMBH abundance data.", "proposed_resolution": "Rederive the z~6 quasar angular-correlation and isocurvature likelihoods from the cited clustering analyses with the rolling-transfer power spectrum as input, and build a light PBH-seed occupation plus accretion/merger growth module (calibrated on standard SMBH-seed semi-analytic models) to map f_PBH and the PBH mass function onto quasar abundance and clustering statistics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_00208_pq_after_inflation_axion_minicluster_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflation PQ-breaking axion minicluster dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.00208", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood with survey selection functions and an extended-lens (finite-size) treatment exists for the predicted AU-scale minicluster population, including the special hundreds-of-solar-mass regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published EROS/OGLE/HSC-Subaru efficiency functions into a likelihood over (M_m, R_m, f_MC) with extended-lens magnification corrections replacing the point-lens approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_04537_hidden_su_n_qcd_axion_bubbles_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion bubbles from hidden SU(N)_H PQ breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04537", "score": 33.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No observational likelihood exists for the predicted clustered axion-minicluster population; existing minicluster microlensing analyses (e.g. HSC/OGLE) assume standard post-inflationary minicluster spectra, not the rare high-density bubble-seeded population, and the card notes no minicluster likelihood was found.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing microlensing (HSC, OGLE) and photometric-survey minicluster constraints for the bubble-seeded mass-and-density spectrum produced by gap_1's calibrated collapse model, packaging the result as a likelihood over (f_a, N, bubble fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_12136_pbh_sterile_neutrinogenesis_v1", "model_name": "PBH sterile neutrinogenesis sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.12136", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented X-ray decay-line likelihood rescales published sterile-neutrino sin^2(2theta) limits by the PBH-produced fraction f_s and combines them with the Dodelson-Widrow subdominance condition, so the X-ray observable is only a qualitative bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the public X-ray line limits (e.g. NuSTAR, XMM blank-sky) as a likelihood in (m_s, sin^2(2theta)) rescaled by f_s, and add the analytic Dodelson-Widrow yield as the subdominance constraint, giving a joint mixing-angle recast for the PBH-production scenario.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_02255_high_fa_qcd_axion_pbh_ucmh_v1", "model_name": "High-decay-constant QCD axion dark matter with PBH-seeded UCMHs", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02255", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for either the transient haloscope sensitivity boost (likelihood_available: no) or for recasting OGLE/astrometric microlensing limits onto UCMH-dressed PBH lenses with extended envelopes (likelihood_available: partial, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood computing finite-size lens magnification for UCMH density profiles against OGLE event rates, and a time-domain haloscope likelihood that folds stream encounter probability into ADMX/ABRACADABRA exclusion statistics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_12290_q_ball_model_a_solitosynthesis_v1", "model_name": "Q-ball dark matter from Model A solitosynthesis", "family": "nontopological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12290", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No macroscopic-dark-matter recast likelihood exists that maps the predicted Q-ball mass/flux distribution (with its extended, non-monochromatic charge spectrum) onto microlensing compact-object limits, the DEAP-3600 multiple-scatter search, and proposed gravitational direct-detection sensitivities as a function of (m_Q, sigma_nucleus, local flux).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module that convolves the predicted Q-ball charge/mass distribution with published exclusion curves (Subaru HSC/EROS/MACHO-type microlensing above ~1e23 g, DEAP-3600 multiple-scatter efficiency vs sigma_nucleus, gravitational-detector projections), using extended-mass-function weighting rather than monochromatic limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_12290_q_ball_model_b_solitosynthesis_v1", "model_name": "Q-ball dark matter from Model B solitosynthesis", "family": "nontopological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12290", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No macroscopic-dark-matter recast likelihood exists that maps the predicted Model B Q-ball mass/flux distribution onto microlensing compact-object limits, the DEAP-3600 multiple-scatter search, and gravitational direct-detection projections as a function of (m_Q, sigma_nucleus, local flux) for an extended charge spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module convolving the predicted charge/mass distribution with published exclusion curves (microlensing above ~1e23 g, DEAP-3600 efficiency vs sigma_nucleus, gravitational-detector projections) using extended-mass-function weighting rather than monochromatic limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09239_nontopological_soliton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scalar nontopological soliton dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09239", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing microlensing and accretion limits are published for monochromatic compact-object mass functions; no implemented likelihood recasts them onto the extended, formation-dependent NTS mass functions this model predicts.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard extended-mass-function recast (Carr et al.-style integral constraint method) over digitized EROS/OGLE/Subaru-HSC and accretion bounds as a reusable likelihood taking an arbitrary NTS mass function and f_NTS.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_03580_affleck_dine_clustered_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine baryogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2107.03580", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB isocurvature constraint is applied only as the single-number Planck bound beta_iso < 0.035 at k = 0.002 Mpc^-1; no likelihood exists that treats the model's blue-tilted, scale-dependent P_iso(k) = f_PBH^2 P_PBH(k) consistently across the full Planck k-range.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PBH-number-density isocurvature transfer in CLASS/CAMB with the model's P_PBH(k) shape and evaluate against the Planck likelihood (e.g. via MontePython/Cobaya) to replace the fixed beta_iso pivot-scale bound with a proper scale-dependent constraint on f_PBH^2 xi_star.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11590_astrophysical_q_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Astrophysical Q-ball dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11590", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable EROS-2/OGLE-IV survey-efficiency tables or event-rate likelihood usable for extended Q-ball lenses; existing MACHO/PBH limits are published only as point-lens f_DM exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize EROS-2 and OGLE-IV detection-efficiency curves and exposure, build an event-rate Poisson likelihood over a standard halo model that accepts arbitrary magnification thresholds from the finite-size kernel, and validate by recovering the published point-lens f_DM limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_04071_mirror_star_mirror_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star-forming mirror baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04071", "score": 31.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing survey likelihood is available for mirror-star populations: existing compact-object limits assume delta-function mass functions and standard halo distributions, not the disk-like, extended mass functions expected for a dissipative mirror sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published OGLE/EROS event-rate likelihoods and LSST microlensing forecasts with the event-duration distribution computed for parameterized mirror-star mass functions and disk/halo spatial distributions, releasing the efficiency-convolved likelihood as a reusable module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_13137_qcd_axion_bubble_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion bubble dark matter with primordial black holes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.13137", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the clustering-induced PBH isocurvature and CMB axion-isocurvature constraints specific to the bubble scenario; the card imports headline exclusion numbers (e.g. f_PBH < 7e-10 for f_a = 1e16 GeV) without an evaluable constraint module over (f_a, H_inf, theta_i, bubble fraction).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the bubble-clustering isocurvature power spectrum and the pre-inflationary axion isocurvature amplitude as functions of the model parameters, and evaluate them against Planck isocurvature and large-scale-structure limits in a reusable likelihood module coupled to a PBHbounds-style constraint compilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_05785_preinflationary_qcd_axion_minicluster_v1", "model_name": "Pre-inflationary QCD axion minicluster scenario", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05785", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood is packaged for extended axion-minicluster lenses from this scenario; point-lens EROS/Subaru-HSC limits overstate sensitivity, and the recast requires the scenario-specific mass function and density profiles as inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an event-rate calculator for finite-size lenses following the existing minicluster-microlensing formalism (arXiv:1707.03310), parameterized by the simulated mass function and profiles, and package EROS and Subaru HSC constraints as a likelihood on f_MC.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_instantly_evaporating_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED instantly evaporating black-hole dark matter production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 31.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection concept for boosted PBH-emitted dark particles rests on a CDEX electron-scattering analysis built for 4D PBH emission spectra; no recast to LED higher-dimensional emission spectra (or to this model's assumed scattering interaction) exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute the boosted dark-matter flux at Earth from the LED emission spectrum, specify a benchmark DM-electron cross section, and recast the published CDEX-style electron-recoil likelihood with the modified flux and spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_13581_nonabelian_axion_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian axion-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.13581", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No aggregated PBH-abundance constraint likelihood (microlensing, evaporation, CMB accretion, mergers) or induced-GW detector likelihood is attached to the route, so viability of f_PBH(M) and Omega_GW(f) predictions cannot be evaluated automatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire a public PBH-constraint compilation (PBHbounds-style f_PBH(M) curves) and GW sensitivity/upper-limit curves (LISA, PTA, LVK) into a constraint-aggregation step returning pass/fail or likelihood values for each benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_00464_ligo_mass_primordial_black_hole_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "LIGO-mass primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1603.00464", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihood confronts the PBH capture-channel prediction with modern gravitational-wave catalogs: the route's likelihood step is planned, and the population discriminants (dark-matter-tracing spatial bias, absent counterparts, mass spectrum, eccentricity, stochastic background) have no coded population model within existing LVK inference frameworks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the halo-capture PBH channel (rate density, mass spectrum, redshift evolution, eccentricity distribution) as a population model in a public GW population-inference framework and fit it jointly with astrophysical-binary foreground models against the current LVK catalog, adding the stochastic-background and counterpart-absence terms.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_03878_extended_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational dark matter from extended primordial-black-hole evaporation", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.03878", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no BBN/CMB likelihood coupled to FRISBHEE outputs for extended PBH mass/spin distributions: the pre-BBN timing requirement and Delta N_eff bound are applied as monochromatic-style thresholds, while the card stresses that a late-evaporating high-mass tail can dominate the BBN risk and detailed light-element yields were not calculated.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface FRISBHEE's time-dependent entropy and radiation injection histories with a BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) and a Planck N_eff likelihood, so that distribution-tail-dependent light-element and Delta N_eff constraints are evaluated statistically rather than by a single evaporation-temperature cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_14606_inflaton_curvaton_ssr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-curvaton sound-speed-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2310.14606", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists to confront the predicted SIGW anisotropy with detector data or forecasts (NANOGrav/LVK upper limits, DECIGO/LISA sensitivity to anisotropic backgrounds), and the PBH abundance comparison lacks a packaged likelihood that propagates the extended mass function through the constraint compilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood layer combining public PBH bound data tables via the standard extended-mass-function recast with a stochastic-GW anisotropy sensitivity model (angular response of DECIGO/LISA and PTA upper limits), so (Omega_GW, C_ell, f_PBH) benchmarks can be scored consistently.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01416_usr_kkl_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-slow-roll KKL-potential primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.01416", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PBH constraint-curve likelihood or PTA stochastic-background likelihood has been connected to this model's f_PBH(M) and Omega_GW(f) outputs; constraints are currently qualitative window statements (recasting_needed yes, likelihood_available partial, no PTA likelihood rerun).", "proposed_resolution": "Pipe the computed Omega_GW(f) through the public NANOGrav/EPTA free-spectrum likelihoods (PTArcade/ceffyl-style) and evaluate f_PBH(M) against a digitized mass-dependent PBH constraint compilation, including a Planck scalar-amplitude consistency check at the pivot scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_10537_bl_double_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically conformal B-L double-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.10537", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for either observable: PBH mass-fraction constraints (evaporation, microlensing, CMB accretion, dynamics) are available only as a review-level compilation requiring recast (likelihood_available: no), and the SIGW comparison is forecast-only against planned BBO/DECIGO sensitivity curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a machine-readable f_PBH(M) exclusion likelihood from the standard PBH-constraint compilations (extended mass-function method) and package digitized BBO/DECIGO/LISA/ET sensitivity curves as a signal-to-noise forecast module for the computed Omega_GW spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_12325_nonminimal_curvaton_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from a non-minimal curvaton scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.12325", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "PBH mass-fraction constraints are recorded only as an undigitized figure comparison and no likelihood is attached; the extended f_PBH(M) mass functions of this scenario need a proper recast against the monochromatic bound compilations before exclusion statements are quantitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Hook the predicted f_PBH(M) into the public PBHbounds constraint compilation using the standard extended-mass-function recasting integral, and add PTA/LISA sensitivity comparisons for the corresponding SIGW spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04742_spinning_pbh_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "Spinning primordial black hole dark matter from early matter domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1909.04742", "score": 28.4, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists to compare the predicted spinning-PBH merger stochastic background Omega_GW(f) against LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA stochastic-search upper limits; the primary source reports enhanced detectability without rerunning any detector likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood module that folds the model's Omega_GW(f) (from the analytic merger-rate chain with spin-enhanced waveforms) through the public LVK stochastic-background sensitivity curves and cross-correlation upper limits, exposing (M_min, M_max, a_star, f_PBH) as parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00057_speed_breaker_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Speed-breaker inflationary primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1911.00057", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline recasts the predicted PBH mass function f(M) against the compiled f_PBH constraint landscape or re-runs CMB large-scale consistency for the feature model; the CMB spectral-index check and the extended-mass-function PBH bounds are only qualitative in the source.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the computed P_R(k) to CLASS/CAMB plus the public Planck likelihood for the CMB-scale check, and apply the extended-mass-function method to a maintained PBH-constraint compilation (PBHbounds-style) to convert narrow-band mass functions into f_PBH exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_04924_pbh_false_vacuum_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.04924", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or systematic recast exists for confronting this model's extended (possibly multi-peak) PBH mass function with the compiled evaporation, lensing, accretion, dynamical, and GW constraint windows, which are published as monochromatic f_PBH(M) curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard extended-mass-function recasting integral (Carr et al. procedure) over the compiled monochromatic PBH bounds, wrapped as a likelihood taking the predicted dn/dM from the nucleation-history pipeline as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_04924_pbh_false_vacuum_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.04924", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level stochastic gravitational-wave likelihood is available for the supercooled-transition and PBH-era GW spectra; the card provides only spectral targets (alpha, beta_PBH) without a computed spectrum-to-detector comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the stochastic GW spectrum with standard phase-transition templates (sound-wave/bubble-collision formulas as in PTPlot-style tooling) for the model's transition temperature range and compare against published LISA/pulsar-timing power-law-integrated sensitivity curves as a likelihood layer.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09790_modified_affleck_dine_pbh_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Modified Affleck-Dine primordial black hole subcomponent model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.09790", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the predicted PBH correlation function xi_PBH to high-redshift quasar angular-correlation data, including the uncertain PBH-to-quasar occupation fraction the card flags as a key assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a quasar-clustering likelihood from public high-z quasar catalogs (the arXiv:2304.08153 measurement, n_QSO about 40 Gpc^-3) with the occupation fraction as a nuisance parameter, taking xi_PBH from the gap_1 solver output.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_higgs_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing/weak-lensing variability event-rate calculator or likelihood exists for low-internal-density extended miniclusters; existing MACHO/OGLE/HSC point-lens likelihoods do not cover the extended-profile ScaM regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing extended-lens microlensing framework (as developed for axion miniclusters, e.g. the arXiv:1707.03310-style formalism) to ScaM density profiles and mass functions, and wrap it around published MACHO/OGLE/HSC event catalogs as a likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_linear_chaotic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated linear chaotic inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern constraint recast or likelihood exists for this benchmark: the card marks both constraints likelihood_available=no, so current PBH mass-window bounds, updated Planck running-of-running posteriors, and induced-GW sensitivity cannot be applied to (f, Lambda^4, beta_s).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast likelihood combining a current f_PBH(M) constraint compilation (e.g. PBHbounds), Omega_GW computed from the model P_R(k) with a public scalar-induced-GW code (e.g. SIGWfast) compared against PTA/LISA sensitivities, and updated Planck constraints on (n_s, alpha_s, beta_s).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_04125_inflection_point_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflection-point inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.04125", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the PBH constraint envelope: the card's existing mass-window constraints are monochromatic exclusion curves with heterogeneous astrophysical assumptions, and applying them to this model's narrow-but-finite mass function requires an unbuilt recasting layer.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood on top of a public PBH bounds compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds curves) that convolves the model's f_PBH(M) mass function with each constraint's response, so f_PBH<=1 windows become quantitative posteriors over (V0, c2, c4, c6, phi_i, N_reh, w_reh).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_13182_dark_macho_phenomenological_v1", "model_name": "Dark massive compact halo object phenomenology", "family": "macroscopic_compact_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.13182", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Microlensing exclusions from Subaru/HSC, EROS/MACHO, and OGLE are published only for point-mass lenses; the extended-lens (finite R/R_E) recast exists as analytic thresholds without digitized contours or a reusable event-rate likelihood in the (M, R, f_DM) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute the HSC/EROS/OGLE event-rate likelihoods with the finite-size-lens magnification threshold (dropping events with R above roughly 3 R_E), digitize the paper's mass-radius contours for validation, and release the recast as a tabulated likelihood over (M, R, f_DM).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_14978_dissipative_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2208.14978", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled constraint pipeline exists for this route: PBH abundance bounds are available only as monochromatic compilations (likelihood_available 'partial' for con_pbh_abundance_constraints) with no extended-mass-function recast, and no SGWB detector-sensitivity likelihood is attached for the induced-GW companion signal (likelihood_available 'no').", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an extended-mass-function recast of the public PBH bound compilations (Carr-et-al. method over evaporation, microlensing, and accretion bounds) for the predicted peaked mass function, and add LISA/pulsar-timing SGWB sensitivity likelihoods evaluated on the computed Omega_GW(f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_05959_qcd_epoch_pbh_population_v1", "model_name": "QCD-epoch first-principle primordial-black-hole dark matter population", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.05959", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No released likelihood pipeline connects the QCD-shaped PBH mass function to the LVK GWTC-3 catalog: the early-binary merger-rate model with its suppression and accretion factors and the hierarchical population likelihood for a mixed PBH/astrophysical population are not available as a runnable implementation for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PBH early-binary merger-rate density R(m1,m2,z) for extended mass functions as a source model inside a public GW population-inference framework (gwpopulation or icarogw style) with GWTC-3 selection effects, exposing f_PBH and the spectrum parameters as sampled quantities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_04628_supercool_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supercool radiative-symmetry-breaking phase-transition PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2312.04628", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The PTA compatibility claim is figure-level: the model's GW spectrum has never been passed through a public PTA stochastic-background likelihood, and no PBH-abundance likelihood against microlensing/evaporation limits is wired up either.", "proposed_resolution": "Insert the model's phase-transition GW spectrum as a custom signal in PTArcade (NANOGrav 15-yr free-spectrum likelihood) and compare f_PBH(M_PBH) against compiled PBH constraint curves (e.g. via the public PBHbounds compilation) as a likelihood mask.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_quadratic_chaotic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated quadratic chaotic inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern constraint recast or likelihood exists for this benchmark: the card marks both constraints likelihood_available=no, so current PBH mass-window bounds, updated Planck running-of-running posteriors, and induced-GW sensitivity cannot be applied to (f, Lambda^4, beta_s).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast likelihood combining a current f_PBH(M) constraint compilation (e.g. PBHbounds), Omega_GW computed from the model P_R(k) with a public scalar-induced-GW code (e.g. SIGWfast) compared against PTA/LISA sensitivities, and updated Planck constraints on (n_s, alpha_s, beta_s).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_06574_lognormal_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lognormal primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1712.06574", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reconstructed type-Ia supernova lensing-magnification likelihood exists for extended (lognormal) PBH mass functions with finite source size: the card states the JLA/Union 2.1 Hubble-residual lensing likelihood implementation would need reconstruction, and the central recast disagreement hinges on exactly these assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the supernova-lensing magnification-PDF convolution code from the primary paper's analytic expressions, with switchable point-source/finite-source treatment and monochromatic/lognormal mass functions, and validate by recovering both the f_PBH<1.09 (JLA) and <1.38 (Union 2.1) recast bounds and the stronger comparison-paper exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_00463_affleck_dine_hbb_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine high-baryon bubbles", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1807.00463", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LIGO-mass observable is only compared at the level of Omega_PBH estimates; no pipeline maps the predicted extended PBH mass function to binary merger rates and a GWTC catalog likelihood, which the card flags as unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the HBB-derived M_PBH distribution into an established early-binary PBH merger-rate calculation and evaluate against public LIGO/Virgo population likelihoods (GWTC-3 rate and mass-spectrum data), alongside a PBHbounds-style overlay for the abundance constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_10056_reverse_engineered_usr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Reverse-engineered ultra-slow-roll primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.10056", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The final multi-messenger recast has no assembled likelihood: PBH-abundance bounds, PTA and LISA stochastic-background constraints on the induced GW spectrum, and LVK compact-binary population inference for the subdominant stellar-mass component are all invoked but never combined into an evaluable pipeline for the plateau parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Omega_GW(f) from the plateau with a public induced-GW code (SIGWfast-class), then build a joint likelihood combining the PBHbounds-style f_PBH constraint compilation, NANOGrav free-spectrum posteriors, LISA sensitivity, and an LVK merger-rate population likelihood, all parameterized by (plateau height, width, k-location, collapse threshold).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03756_nonperiodic_alp_fragmentation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fragmenting non-periodic-potential axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03756", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing microlensing and astrometric-lensing limits (HSC/OGLE/EROS-style) assume point lenses; no extended-NFW-halo recast with finite-source effects exists for this model's minihalo mass-radius combinations, so no exclusion can be placed in (M_s, r_s, f).", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute magnification and astrometric-deflection cross sections for extended NFW/soliton profiles including finite-source suppression, and recast published survey event-rate likelihoods into constraints on the model's halo population.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_17834_subsolar_pbh_curvature_perturbations_v1", "model_name": "Subsolar-mass primordial black holes from monochromatic curvature perturbations", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.17834", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled joint likelihood maps (A_zeta, k_star) through the induced-GW spectrum and PBH mass function into NANOGrav 15-yr posteriors and OGLE microlensing event rates; the card relies on approximate published contours and never ingested collaboration likelihood files.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the recast with the NANOGrav 15-yr free-spectrum likelihood (PTArcade/ceffyl-style) applied to the computed Omega_GW(f), plus an OGLE event-rate likelihood evaluated over the model's PBH mass function (or, minimally, the digitized PBHbounds-style OGLE curve), returning a joint posterior in (A_zeta, k_star, M_PBH, f_PBH).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_15065_mst_eft_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "MST-EFT primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.15065", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood combines the PTA stochastic-background fit (NANOGrav 15-year/EPTA) with microlensing PBH-fraction limits for this model's parameter space; the paper's comparison is text-level only.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the model's Omega_GW(f) output in a PTArcade new-physics likelihood and confront f_PBH(M) with public digitized microlensing constraint curves (PBHbounds-style), producing a joint posterior over the transition parameters, w, and c_s.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1107_5669_pbh_reheated_scalar_unification_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-reheated scalar-field unification dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_unified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.5669", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "All three constraints (BBN reheating timing, Planck-relic overclosure, and the rho_GW/rho_rel < 0.2 BBN bound) are analytic paper-level criteria with likelihood_available: no; no modern BBN or CMB N_eff likelihood has been applied to the PBH-reheating history.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the reheating and relic-gravitational-wave history into Delta N_eff and light-element predictions using a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PArthENoPE) coupled to the Planck N_eff likelihood, replacing the order-of-magnitude t_ev < 1 s and rho_GW < 0.2 rho_rel criteria.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_02168_multifield_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter seeded by multifield inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.02168", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood for the PBH-fraction constraints (evaporation, microlensing, accretion, induced-GW) around the 1e-16 to 1e-11 M_sun window is attached, so whether a predicted mass function fits inside the open window cannot be scored quantitatively (card records likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a public f_PBH(M) constraint compilation (PBHbounds-style) and wrap it as an extended-mass-function likelihood that convolves the model's predicted mass function with each per-mass-bin bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_01249_hybrid_inflation_waterfall_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from hybrid-inflation waterfall dynamics with higher-dimensional inflaton terms", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2304.01249", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for comparing the model's extended PBH mass function to abundance constraints: the card records that evaporation/microlensing/accretion bounds are delta-function proxies and that no Subaru/HSC M31 event-efficiency recast was performed (likelihood_available is 'no' for both constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the compiled PBH abundance bounds (evaporation, HSC microlensing with published detection efficiencies and halo model, CMB accretion) for arbitrary extended mass functions using the standard extended-mass-function weighting, packaged as a reusable f_PBH likelihood over the 10^17-10^23 g window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_01739_qcd_axion_domain_wall_pbh_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-axion domain-wall PBH mixed dark matter scenario", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.01739", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood recast exists for this monochromatic PBH population: the comparison of f_PBH about 0.0256 in the 5.8e-10 to 0.62 solar-mass range against OGLE ultrashort events and existing bounds is done only by eye against published curves (likelihood_available is at most partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a monochromatic PBH microlensing likelihood from the OGLE ultrashort-timescale event catalog plus digitized Subaru HSC/EROS efficiency curves (starting from the public PBHbounds compilation) and evaluate it on the model's (M_PBH, f_PBH) predictions as a function of T_en and m_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_03639_sound_speed_resonance_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from sound-speed resonance during inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1805.03639", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized PBH abundance constraint curves or likelihood are attached to the card, so the f_PBH(M) output of the SSR pipeline cannot be scored against the EGB/Kepler/HSC/MACHO/EROS/FIRAS/Planck bounds the primary paper cites, including the extended-mass-function correction beyond the narrow-peak (monochromatic) approximation.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a public PBH constraint compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds repository), digitize the specific bound curves used in the primary paper, and implement the standard extended-mass-function recast integral so the SSR f_PBH(M) distribution is compared consistently rather than at its median mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2011_10606_higgs_noncanonical_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical Higgs-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2011.10606", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the model's full extended PBH mass function against the compiled evaporation, microlensing, GW, and CMB-accretion constraints; the card records only an approximate compiled-constraint comparison with recasting needed, and f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to the threshold and peak-width treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an up-to-date public f_PBH(M) constraint compilation into an extended-mass-function likelihood applied to the model's beta(M), including collapse-threshold and non-Gaussianity nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2011_10606_tmodel_noncanonical_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical T-model primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2011.10606", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the model's full extended PBH mass function against the compiled evaporation, microlensing, GW, and CMB-accretion constraints; the card records only an approximate compiled-constraint comparison with recasting needed, and f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to the threshold and peak-width treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an up-to-date public f_PBH(M) constraint compilation into an extended-mass-function likelihood applied to the model's beta(M), including collapse-threshold and non-Gaussianity nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_13924_r_symmetric_gut_higgs_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-symmetric GUT Higgs inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.13924", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "PBH abundance constraints are applied only as shaded compilation windows with no packaged f_PBH(M) likelihood, so benchmark viability against the observational mass windows cannot be scanned or re-evaluated systematically.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap a maintained public PBH constraint compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds dataset) as an f_PBH(M) likelihood, including an extended-mass-function treatment for the model's predicted mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_06506_false_vacuum_island_pbh_v1", "model_name": "False-vacuum-island primordial black hole scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2404.06506", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable PBH abundance constraint is wired to the model: the predicted nearly monochromatic (M_PBH, f_PBH) points cannot be automatically tested against evaporation, microlensing, GW-merger, and accretion bounds across the asteroid-to-supermassive mass range the scenario spans.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize or import a public monochromatic f_PBH(M) constraint compilation (e.g. the Kavanagh PBHbounds curves cited in PBH review literature), build an interpolated exclusion function, and evaluate the paper's benchmarks including the asteroid-mass all-DM points against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_09598_thermal_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1903.09598", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged PBH abundance likelihood exists that convolves this model's extended (narrow but non-monochromatic) mass function with the mass-dependent microlensing, evaporation, and CMB-accretion bounds; the paper uses a monochromatic overlay proxy.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an extended-mass-function recast on top of a public PBH constraint compilation (e.g. the bradkav/PBHbounds curve set), applying the standard Carr-et-al. convolution of f(M) against each mass-dependent bound, including the Subaru/HSC and CMB-accretion envelopes with their stated caveats.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_05637_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from delayed vacuum decay in first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.05637", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Neither the PBH-abundance constraints nor the stochastic GW predictions are connected to evaluable likelihoods: the card records only quoted LIGO-Virgo/NANOGrav context and no PTA, interferometer, or PBH-fraction likelihood is bundled.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the predicted Omega_GW(f) through public PTA free-spectrum posteriors (NANOGrav via PTArcade-style tools) and LVK isotropic stochastic-background likelihoods, and evaluate f_PBH(M) against the PBHbounds constraint compilation for the nearly monochromatic mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15605_multifield_sharp_turn_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black-hole dark matter from multi-field sharp-turn inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2203.15605", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "PBH abundance constraints are available only as a monochromatic-mass compilation without a machine-readable likelihood, while the sharp-turn scenario predicts extended and possibly multi-peaked mass functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a PBHbounds-style constraint compilation with the standard extended-mass-function recasting integral so any predicted f_PBH(M) can be tested against evaporation, lensing, dynamical, accretion, and GW limits in one call.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_03078_curvaton_asteroid_mass_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass primordial black-hole dark matter from a quadratic curvaton with vanishing mean", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2307.03078", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "PBH abundance constraints in and around the asteroid-mass window are available only as monochromatic limit curves; no recast onto this model's extended mass function or packaged likelihood exists, so allowed f_PBH can be overstated.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the standard extended-mass-function recasting method to a maintained compilation of PBH limit curves (e.g. the public PBHbounds-style collection referenced through the Carr et al. review) and release the result as an f(M)-to-exclusion likelihood usable in parameter scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_06716_dark_sector_vacuum_scalarization_solitos_v1", "model_name": "Dark-sector vacuum-scalarized non-topological soliton stars", "family": "compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.06716", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood implementation exists for this model: the OGLE/HSC event-rate recast (survey efficiency convolution and f_DM limits or anomaly-region fit) is not assembled.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a standard compact-object microlensing event-rate code using published OGLE and Subaru/HSC efficiency curves, producing f_DM(M) limits and the anomaly-region likelihood for the ~1e-6 M_sun benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_05179_supercooled_fopt_pbh_dm_magnetogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supercooled FOPT primordial black hole dark matter with magnetogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.05179", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Neither the asteroid-mass PBH window constraint nor the blazar IGMF lower bound has a machine-readable likelihood (both carded as likelihood_available no with recasting needed); the f_PBH = 1 viability check currently amounts to eyeballing published monochromatic window boundaries and blazar-cascade lower-bound curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a constraint module combining a public PBH bound compilation (evaporation, Voyager/CMB, HSC/OGLE microlensing curves, with a convolution option for the nearly-monochromatic mass function) and digitized blazar-cascade B_0-lambda_0 lower bounds, returning pass/fail and margins per (T_reh, beta/H, delta_c, helicity) point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0509141_clustered_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black hole dark matter from radiation-era collapse", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0509141", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the clustered-PBH isocurvature component to CMB/LSS data: the isocurvature constraint is a recast target with likelihood_available: no, and existing Planck isocurvature likelihoods are parameterized for smooth CDI spectra rather than the Poisson-plus-clustering PBH spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the computed P_PBH(k) (Poisson plus peak-clustering terms) into the Planck CDM-isocurvature amplitude-and-tilt parameterization and evaluate against the public Planck isocurvature likelihood, producing exclusion contours in (M_PBH, PBH fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_05774_affleck_dine_high_bubble_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine high-B-bubble PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1701.05774", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented extended-mass-function constraint recast or microlensing likelihood exists for this scenario: applying compiled f_PBH(M) bounds to the broad log-normal spectrum requires integration over the spectrum, and the compact high-B stellar-like objects (whose mass-radius and luminosity properties are themselves underived) are not covered by standard point-lens PBH bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Carr et al. extended-mass-function recasting formalism against a public bound compilation (PBHbounds-style: EROS/OGLE/Subaru-HSC microlensing, CMB accretion, dynamical limits), derive the HBB objects' mass-radius/luminosity relation to decide where point-lens and faint-object search bounds apply, and output allowed regions in (C_M, gamma, M_0).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_05774_affleck_dine_high_bubble_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine high-B-bubble PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1701.05774", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No binary-formation model plus modern GW catalog likelihood is implemented for this model: converting the log-normal mass function into merger rates and spin distributions comparable to the LIGO/Virgo binary black-hole population requires a PBH binary formation channel, which the card records only as an assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple a standard early-Universe PBH binary formation calculation for the log-normal spectrum to a public GW population-inference framework (gwpopulation or icarogw) and evaluate the merger-rate and spin predictions against the current GWTC catalog.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_11761_large_extra_dimension_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Large-extra-dimension primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2201.11761", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood pipeline recasts galactic/extragalactic photon data, BBN light-element yields, and CMB anisotropy energy-injection bounds for LED PBH evaporation spectra; existing published constraints assume standard 4D Hawking spectra and cannot be applied to the modified spectral shapes and lifetimes.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that feeds LED evaporation spectra into existing injection frameworks (ExoCLASS/DarkHistory for CMB, standard BBN injection codes, INTEGRAL/isotropic-photon flux likelihoods), parameterized by (n, M_*, M, f_PBH), and release it alongside the spectra code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_08046_modified_higgs_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Modified Higgs-inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2307.08046", "score": 22.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "PBH abundance constraints (evaporation, CMB accretion, microlensing, stellar survival) are quoted from monochromatic compilations without an extended-mass-function recast or likelihood for this model's predicted mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the standard extended-mass-function recasting integral to a maintained PBH constraint compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds dataset) using the model's Press-Schechter mass function, producing an f_PBH(dip parameters) exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1902_04082_co_decaying_dm_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from co-decaying dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1902.04082", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled constraint pipeline integrates the co-decay nonmonochromatic f_PBH(M) against observational limits: the HSC M31 microlensing efficiency curve and the CMB accretion energy-injection bound both require an extended-mass-function recast, and neither likelihood is available per the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an extended-mass-function constraint integrator using the Carr et al. (arXiv:1705.05567) method over a public PBH-bounds compilation, with the published HSC detection-efficiency curve for the microlensing event rate and an accretion-luminosity module (arXiv:1612.05644 prescription) for the CMB energy-injection limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_10602_attractor_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Superconformal attractor inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1910.10602", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for confronting the model's extended PBH mass function in the 1e16-1e18 g window with the compilation of evaporation, femtolensing, CMB-accretion, and stellar-survival constraints; the card records likelihood_available: no and notes the bounds assume narrow/monochromatic mass functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an extended-mass-function likelihood by recasting an up-to-date public f_PBH(M) constraint compilation (PBHbounds-style) with the standard extended-mass-function weighting integral, taking beta(M) from the model's Press-Schechter output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_00111_fermi_ball_collapse_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermi-ball collapse primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.00111", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood machinery applies current PBH abundance limits (evaporation BBN/CMB/gamma curves and lensing/dynamical bounds) to the model's predicted mass function; only benchmark comparisons against monochromatic curves exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer on the public PBHbounds constraint compilation (with BlackHawk for evaporation spectra) that convolves the model's extended PBH mass function with each mass-dependent f_PBH limit curve and returns an exclusion verdict over (T_*, eta_psi, beta/H, v_b).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_12181_cgf_dark_matter_stars_v1", "model_name": "CGF cosmological SU(2)-weak gauge-field dark matter stars", "family": "compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.12181", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No finite-size-lens microlensing likelihood exists for extended CGF dark matter stars (radii 5.23-13.6 in paper units); the constraint currently rests on quoting point-lens compact-object limits that are not directly portable to the CGF star density profiles.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public point-lens microlensing recast (e.g. the Subaru/HSC M31 constraint pipeline) with finite-lens magnification computed from the TOV density profiles, producing abundance bounds as a function of position on the CGF mass-radius curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_15343_nonminimal_supergravity_pbh_dm_cubic_v1", "model_name": "Cubic Kähler nonminimal supergravity PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.15343", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihoods exist for any of the card's constraints: microlensing/evaporation limits on f_PBH(M) and LISA/DECIGO/BBO/SKA sensitivity to Omega_GW are only compared to by eye against published curves (likelihood_available is 'no' on all three constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the public PBHbounds constraint compilation for extended mass functions and power-law-integrated LISA/DECIGO/BBO sensitivity curves into a registry likelihood module that consumes the route's f_PBH(M) and Omega_GW(k) outputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_15343_nonminimal_supergravity_pbh_dm_sextic_v1", "model_name": "Sextic Kähler nonminimal supergravity PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.15343", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihoods exist for any of the card's constraints: microlensing/evaporation limits on f_PBH(M) and LISA/DECIGO/BBO/SKA sensitivity to Omega_GW are only compared to by eye against published curves (likelihood_available is 'no' on all three constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the public PBHbounds constraint compilation for extended mass functions and power-law-integrated LISA/DECIGO/BBO sensitivity curves into a registry likelihood module that consumes the route's f_PBH(M) and Omega_GW(k) outputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_09630_double_well_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass primordial black holes from double-well inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.09630", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline confronts the model's outputs with data: PBH abundance bounds (evaporation, microlensing, accretion) exist only as published exclusion curves for monochromatic mass functions, no PTA/LISA/AEDGE likelihood or sensitivity computation has been run for the induced-GW spectrum, and the CMB consistency check has not been run through a Planck likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast layer that applies public PBH-bound compilations with the extended-mass-function weighting procedure to f_PBH(M), evaluates Omega_GW(f) against NANOGrav free-spectrum posteriors and LISA power-law-integrated sensitivity curves, and checks A_s, n_s, r against the Planck/BICEP chains.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_16877_qcd_colored_primordial_black_hole_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes with QCD color charge", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2310.16877", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PBH mass-function likelihood is assembled for this model: existing evaporation, lensing, dynamical, and accretion PBH limits must be recast onto the critical-collapse mass function with color dressing, and the card records likelihood_available: no for all three constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood wrapper around a public PBHbounds-style constraint compilation plus a FIRAS-type CMB spectral-distortion bound on P_R(k_PBH), taking the model's extended critical-collapse mass function as input and marginalizing over the color-dressing survival fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04397_su5_u1_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) x U(1) hybrid-inflation primordial black hole dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.04397", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No PBH-constraint likelihood is wired to the model: the card's f_PBH benchmarks are compared to compiled monochromatic bounds by eye, with no extended-mass-function recast of evaporation, microlensing, and accretion constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the computed beta(M) mass function to the public PBHbounds compilation using the standard extended-mass-function recasting procedure, producing an f_PBH(M) exclusion test for the BP1-BP3 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04397_su5_u1_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) x U(1) hybrid-inflation primordial black hole dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.04397", "score": 22.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No gravitational-wave detector likelihood or sensitivity comparison has been run for the scalar-induced background, so the benchmark Omega_GW h^2 spectra cannot be quantitatively tested against LISA/BBO/PTA reach.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the induced Omega_GW h^2 spectrum against public power-law-integrated sensitivity curves and SNR calculations for LISA, BBO, and SKA-like PTAs, and against the NANOGrav free-spectrum posteriors for the heavier-PBH benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17829_dressed_pbh_particle_dm_coexistence_v1", "model_name": "Dressed primordial black holes in particle dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.17829", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No event-level lensed-waveform likelihood exists for confronting dressed-PBH amplification templates with LVK O3 (and future ET/CE) data, so non-detections cannot be converted into f_PBH bounds in the stellar-mass window.", "proposed_resolution": "Build dPBH F(f) templates into an existing Bayesian lensed-GW search pipeline (of the kind used for LVK microlensing analyses) and run population-level rate calculations to translate O3 non-detection into f_PBH(M_PBH) exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_06613_radiative_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Radiative hybrid inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.06613", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood recasts the model's extended PBH mass function onto the OGLE 5-year and Subaru/HSC microlensing event-rate analyses and the Planck CMB accretion bounds; only monochromatic published exclusion curves are available, and all-DM claims require an extended-mass recast the card says was not rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an extended-mass-function recast tool that convolves f_PBH(M) with published OGLE/HSC efficiency curves and Planck accretion constraint curves (extending a public PBH-bounds compilation), returning allowed benchmark regions directly in the model's potential-parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1709_07865_string_axion_pbh_coexistence_dm_v1", "model_name": "String axion dark matter coexisting with O(10) solar-mass primordial black holes", "family": "string_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.07865", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PBH abundance and merger-rate likelihood exists for the O(10) solar-mass subdominant PBH component: the mapping from (curvature peak amplitude, scale) to a merger rate and to microlensing/dynamical/accretion abundance bounds is not implemented, so the target fraction of 1e-3 to 1e-2 cannot be quantitatively tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a PBH population module that computes the mass function from the curvature peak (Press-Schechter-type threshold collapse), the early-binary merger rate against LIGO/Virgo rate posteriors, and evaluates f_PBH against a maintained abundance-constraint compilation (e.g. the public PBHbounds curves) as a likelihood over (peak amplitude, peak scale).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_00711_hidden_sector_nucleon_compact_star_v1", "model_name": "interacting hidden-sector nucleon compact-star dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.00711", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood is attached that accepts an extended compact-object mass function and halo fraction for this scenario; the card only quotes a related-literature bound (con_dark_compact_object_microlensing, likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing PBH microlensing constraint machinery (EROS/OGLE/Subaru-HSC efficiency curves, e.g. the PBHbounds compilation) to integrate over an arbitrary hidden-star mass function and fraction, producing an f(M) likelihood reusable for any macroscopic-DM card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_06106_rapid_turn_multifield_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Rapid-turn multifield inflation seeded primordial black holes", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2004.06106", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No joint likelihood exists that applies extended-mass-function PBH abundance constraints, scalar-induced gravitational-wave limits, and PBH binary merger-rate data to this model's outputs; existing monochromatic PBH bounds cannot be applied directly to the rapid-turn mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood layer that convolves f_PBH(M) with the compiled mass-dependent constraint curves (PBHbounds-style compilation) using the extended-mass-function method, plus an induced-GW spectrum calculator (SIGWfast-class) compared to PTA/LVK sensitivity and a merger-rate likelihood with an explicit binary-formation model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_15280_quantum_well_stochastic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-well stochastic-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2111.15280", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No PBH observational constraint overlay is connected to the predicted mass function: both card constraints have likelihood_available = no, and microlensing, CMB-accretion, dynamical, and gravitational-wave f_PBH(M) limits were not digitized, so the model's f_PBH prediction cannot be confronted with data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a constraint-overlay module that convolves the model's extended mass function with digitized f_PBH(M) exclusion curves (e.g. the public PBHbounds compilation), using the standard extended-mass-function recasting formula, and expose it as a likelihood over (Delta_phi, V_0, k(N=0)).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0302035_massive_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0302035", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Ly-alpha forest flux-power likelihood or emulator exposes the PBH Poisson isocurvature amplitude (f_PBH M_PBH) as an input parameter; the existing high-resolution MIKE/HIRES bound is a published result, not a reusable likelihood, and its reionization/thermal priors cannot be varied.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing forest flux-power emulator (trained on Sherwood/Nyx-class hydrodynamic grids) with a white-noise isocurvature amplitude parameter added to the linear input spectrum, and couple it to the public eBOSS/MIKE/HIRES flux-power likelihoods with marginalizable IGM thermal-history nuisances.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0302035_massive_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0302035", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB accretion bound exists only as a recast target: no assembled pipeline connects a PBH accretion-luminosity model for this mass range to the Planck likelihood, and the conservative accretion prescription is the dominant uncontrolled uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble an ExoCLASS/CLASS energy-injection run with the disk/spherical accretion luminosity prescriptions of the cited Planck analyses, scanning (M_PBH, f_PBH, accretion efficiency) against the public Planck TT,TE,EE likelihood in Cobaya or MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_07263_planet_9_axion_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Planet 9 axion-star dark matter subcomponent", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07263", "score": 20.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The HSC/OGLE microlensing constraint on Earth-mass axion stars requires a recast with finite-size/extended-lens corrections for dilute axion-star profiles, and no public event-rate likelihood for an axion-star mass function has been run for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public compact-object microlensing event-rate code with the extended-lens magnification of dilute axion-star density profiles, apply it to the Subaru HSC and OGLE event samples, and release the resulting likelihood over (M_AS, f_AS, m_a).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_05300_primordial_fifth_force_dm_halos_v1", "model_name": "Primordial dark matter halos from scalar fifth forces", "family": "fifth_force_clumped_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.05300", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood handles extended lenses with the PDMH mass-radius relation R ~ 100 (M/M_sun)^(2/3) AU; the viable-window boundaries are read off from point-lens survey thresholds plus an extended-lens argument rather than computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement extended-lens magnification profiles for the assumed nonsingular isothermal PDMH density profile and recompute EROS/MACHO/OGLE/HSC event-rate likelihoods as a function of (M_PDMH, R_PDMH, f_DM), following the extended-lens treatment of the cited 1707.03310 framework.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_13326_pbh_eeftoi_dispersion_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from EEFToI dispersion enhancement", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1912.13326", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood exists that confronts this model's extended PBH mass function with the heterogeneous multi-channel abundance limits (lensing, dynamical, accretion, GW) or its induced-GW spectrum with stochastic-background searches; the card lists constraint likelihood_available as only partial.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that applies the standard extended-mass-function method to a public PBH constraint compilation (PBHbounds-style curves) and couples a SIGWfast-type second-order GW calculation to existing stochastic-background upper limits (e.g. LIGO/Virgo O3, PTA).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2009_04731_clustered_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2009.04731", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No clustering-aware likelihoods exist for recasting LIGO/Virgo merger-rate data, microlensing surveys, or CMB accretion limits onto (f_PBH, M_PBH); published homogeneous-PBH bounds are not valid once PBHs are significantly clustered, and both card constraints have likelihood_available no.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing public assets — the LVK compact-binary rate posteriors, EROS/OGLE/Subaru-HSC microlensing likelihoods, and Planck PBH-accretion constraints — by inserting clustering-corrected line-of-sight densities and merger rates, packaging the result as a (f_PBH, M_PBH, xi) likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_13689_spiked_extended_pbh_mass_function_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spiked extended primordial black-hole mass-function dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.13689", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microlensing likelihood exists for this extended-plus-spike PBH mass function: HSC (M31) and OGLE bounds are published as monochromatic exclusion curves, and the event-rate convolution over f_PBH(M) with the surveys' detection-efficiency functions has not been implemented for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the HSC and OGLE detection-efficiency and event-rate curves and implement the standard extended-mass-function recast (integrating dR/dM against f_PBH(M) and re-deriving the exclusion from the published event counts), packaged as a mass-function-agnostic microlensing recast module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_09408_qcd_pbh_aborted_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "QCD-epoch primordial black hole dark matter with aborted-PBH baryogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.09408", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PBH binary-formation and merger-rate model coupled to a gravitational-wave catalog likelihood exists for this scenario's tens-to-hundreds solar-mass, QCD-epoch mass function, so the predicted mass-gap merger signal cannot be confronted with LVK data or combined with the baryon-abundance target.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a merger-rate forward model (early-binary and cluster channels) taking the QCD-epoch PBH mass function as input, and recast it through a public GW population-inference likelihood (e.g. GWTC hierarchical population tools) jointly with the eta_b constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_04312_qcd_axion_pbh_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion misalignment dark matter in a PBH-dominated epoch", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.04312", "score": 19.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the joint constraint set (pre-BBN PBH evaporation requirement, PBH-diluted axion abundance band, and Delta N_eff CMB sensitivity); all card constraints are marked likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the abundance and Delta N_eff outputs in a simple Gaussian/limit likelihood against Planck Omega_c h^2 and Planck+future (CMB-S4) Delta N_eff posteriors, plus a hard BBN-evaporation prior on M_in, packaged as a MontePython/Cobaya likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_01741_pbh_remnant_radiation_domination_v1", "model_name": "PBH-remnant dark matter from radiation-era mini-PBH production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1905.01741", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood module exists for the joint early-universe consistency check: BBN energy injection and extragalactic photon-background constraints on promptly evaporating mini PBHs combined with Planck constraints on n_s and running; both route likelihoods are recorded as unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a constraint module that couples BlackHawk-generated Hawking spectra to a decaying-particle BBN code (e.g. extend ACROPOLIS to evaporating-PBH injection) and photon-background limits, and wrap Planck 2018 n_s/alpha_s chains as a Gaussian likelihood, exposing both as functions of (M, M_rem, beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_02467_step_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from step-feature single-field inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.02467", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast machinery convolves the model's broad, oscillatory-spectrum-derived PBH mass function f_PBH(M) with mass-dependent PBH constraint curves, nor compares the oscillatory Omega_GW(f) against LVK/PTA stochastic-background likelihoods; only monochromatic-bound and benchmark comparisons are currently possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an extended-mass-function recast over a PBHbounds-style constraint compilation (Carr et al. convolution method) and a joint likelihood comparing the induced-GW spectrum with published LIGO/Virgo stochastic upper limits and PTA free-spectrum posteriors, parameterized by step amplitudes/positions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_10925_galileon_usr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Galileon ultra-slow-roll primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.10925", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The microlensing (EROS-2/MACHO) constraint on the near-solar and 10^4 solar-mass PBH benchmarks has not been recast for the model's actual mass function; the enrichment did not digitize an exclusion curve and the card marks recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the EROS-2 (and complementary OGLE/dynamical) f_PBH(M) exclusion curves and convolve them with the extended Galileon PBH mass function beta(M) to produce a proper f_PBH bound for each w benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_03426_axion_domain_wall_pbh_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion domain-wall primordial-black-hole subcomponent model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.03426", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable microlensing likelihood exists that applies EROS/OGLE efficiencies and Gaia DR4/Roman projections to the model's generated (non-monochromatic) PBH mass function; current comparisons use monochromatic or narrow-mass recasts of published exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an event-rate likelihood that convolves the model PBH mass function with published OGLE/EROS survey efficiency curves and a standard Galactic model (extending public PBH-bound compilation codes to extended mass functions), and add Gaia DR4 and Roman projected sensitivities for forecasting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph9802236_primordial_quark_object_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial quark-object dark matter", "family": "quark_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9802236", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public microlensing likelihood that maps an arbitrary compact-quark-object mass function and halo model to LMC/bulge survey event rates; only MACHO/EROS-era summary limits exist and the card marks the constraint as recast_required with likelihood_available partial.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing compact-halo-object microlensing machinery (e.g., the PBH microlensing constraint pipelines built on MACHO/EROS/OGLE efficiency curves) to accept an extended quark-object mass function and Milky Way halo model, exposing an event-rate likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1706_03746_pbh_dm_inflaton_running_emd_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from running-inflaton perturbations in an early matter-dominated era", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1706.03746", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood or constraint-recast machinery is attached to the card (constraint entry is a placeholder with likelihood_available unknown): the extended PBH mass function with EMD cutoffs cannot currently be confronted with evaporation, microlensing, and CMB-accretion abundance bounds, which are published for monochromatic mass functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer applying the standard extended-mass-function method to public compilations of monochromatic f_PBH(M) bounds (e.g. the PBHbounds compilation), taking the model's f(M) from the formation pipeline and returning excluded regions in (dn/dlnk, T_reh) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1706_03746_pbh_dm_spectator_blue_spectrum_emd_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from blue spectator-field perturbations in an early matter-dominated era", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1706.03746", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood or constraint-recast machinery is attached to the card (constraint entry is a placeholder with likelihood_available unknown): the extended PBH mass function with EMD cutoffs cannot currently be confronted with evaporation, microlensing, and CMB-accretion abundance bounds, which are published for monochromatic mass functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer applying the standard extended-mass-function method to public compilations of monochromatic f_PBH(M) bounds (e.g. the PBHbounds compilation), taking the model's f(M) from the formation pipeline and returning excluded regions in (A_s, n_s, T_reh) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_12750_vas_supergravity_a4_asteroid_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "VAS supergravity a4 quartic-superpotential asteroid PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2301.12750", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood stack is attached for the recasting step: Planck/BICEP n_s-r constraints, asteroid-mass PBH window bounds, and LISA/DECIGO sensitivity curves are all cited qualitatively (likelihood_available: no on all three constraints) with no machine-readable benchmark tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's (n_s, r) into the public Planck+BICEP/Keck likelihoods via Cobaya, compare f_PBH(M) against a maintained bound compilation such as PBHbounds, and evaluate Omega_GW(f) against published LISA/DECIGO power-law-integrated sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_12750_vas_supergravity_b3_asteroid_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "VAS supergravity b3 quartic-superpotential asteroid PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2301.12750", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood stack is attached for the recasting step: Planck/BICEP n_s-r constraints, asteroid-mass PBH window bounds, and LISA/DECIGO sensitivity curves are all cited qualitatively (likelihood_available: no on all three constraints) with no machine-readable benchmark tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's (n_s, r) into the public Planck+BICEP/Keck likelihoods via Cobaya, compare f_PBH(M) against a maintained bound compilation such as PBHbounds, and evaluate Omega_GW(f) against published LISA/DECIGO power-law-integrated sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17760_smooth_crossover_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Smooth-crossover primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.17760", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled pipeline confronts the template's outputs with data: PBH abundance/evaporation constraint curves are not digitized into the workflow and no LISA/DECIGO/BBO sensitivity or PBH likelihood is packaged for the (A, crossover scale, c_s^2_min) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire f_PBH(M) into a public PBH-constraint compilation (PBHbounds-style, including asteroid-mass-window evaporation limits) and Omega_GW(f) into standard LISA/DECIGO/BBO power-law-integrated sensitivity curves, producing an automated observational-status verdict per template point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09990_trapped_vacuum_bubble_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Trapped-vacuum-bubble primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.09990", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood is available for either the PBH abundance window or the CMB-scale inflation constraints; the mass-function-dependent PBH bounds are quoted as compilations, and the broad two-channel mass function has not been recast through extended-mass-function constraint machinery.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard extended-mass-function recasting of public PBH constraint compilations (asteroid-window evaporation, microlensing, CMB accretion bounds) for the two-channel mass function, and attach the Planck slow-roll observable constraints (A_s, n_s, r) as a simple Gaussian likelihood on the potential parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_09566_mirror_baryon_heavy_pbh_multicomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror baryon plus heavy primordial-black-hole multicomponent dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.09566", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The heavy-PBH component is only checked against review-quoted monochromatic mass windows; no likelihood-level recast of evaporation, microlensing, accretion, and dynamical PBH constraints exists for the model's f_PBH = 1 - beta/5.33 fraction, extended mass functions, or clustering, so the 10^17-10^23 g allowed range is not quantitatively established.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the current f_PBH(M) constraint curves in a public compendium (PBHbounds-style), apply the standard extended-mass-function recasting method of the cited Carr et al. review, and evaluate the joint constraint as a function of (beta, M_PBH, mass-function width) to produce likelihood contours for the mirror+PBH budget.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_hilltop_p4_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated p=4 hilltop inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 16.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern constraint recast or likelihood exists for this benchmark: the card marks both constraints likelihood_available=no, so current PBH mass-window bounds, updated Planck running-of-running posteriors, and induced-GW sensitivity cannot be applied to (f, Lambda^4, beta_s).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast likelihood combining a current f_PBH(M) constraint compilation (e.g. PBHbounds), Omega_GW computed from the model P_R(k) with a public scalar-induced-GW code (e.g. SIGWfast) compared against PTA/LISA sensitivities, and updated Planck constraints on (n_s, alpha_s, beta_s).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 15, "rank_structure_formation": 16}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Dwarf-galaxy dynamics & density profiles", "n_gaps": 96, "n_models": 96, "weight": 2421.4, "n_models_structure_formation": 73, "weight_structure_formation": 1937.2, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 51, "minor": 3, "blocks_key_observables": 42}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 64, "small": 10, "large": 22}, "members": [{"model_id": "1011_2217_dodelson_widrow_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2217", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-galaxy phase-space-density constraint on the DW sterile neutrino has no likelihood (likelihood_available: unknown), and the halo-history dependence of the coarse-grained Q_cg evolution is uncalibrated, leaving the Tremaine-Gunn-style bound qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a phase-space likelihood comparing the primordial Q of f_DW(y) with measured dwarf-spheroidal phase-space densities, using WDM simulations to calibrate how much Q_cg degrades during halo assembly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_03644_late_sommerfeld_dm_to_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Late Sommerfeld-enhanced dark-matter conversion to dark radiation", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.03644", "score": 40.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dwarf-galaxy self-interaction likelihood exists for the velocity-dependent sigma_T/m_chi(v) prediction; the route only supports an approximate threshold comparison at a single 30 km/s benchmark rather than a proper halo-population recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood over published dwarf and low-surface-brightness halo fits (e.g. Jeans/isothermal SIDM halo-model inferences of sigma/m at measured velocity dispersions) that consumes sigma_T/m_chi(v) curves, replacing the single-velocity threshold cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_01928_singlet_susy_singlino_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-SUSY singlino self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01928", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SIDM small-scale-structure observable is evaluated only against the phenomenological 0.1-10 cm^2/g target window at v = 200 km/s; no simulation-calibrated halo prediction or astrophysical likelihood connects this model's velocity-dependent cross section to dwarf, LSB, or cluster data (simulation_calibrated is 'no', likelihood_available is 'no').", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model's velocity-dependent sigma(v)/m through an SIDM halo-modeling framework calibrated on SIDM N-body simulations (e.g. isothermal Jeans modeling of rotation curves and cluster profiles) to build a likelihood over the dwarf-to-cluster velocity range instead of a fixed target interval.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_16966_u1_dark_photon_sidm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' dark-photon self-interacting dark matter from a MeV first-order phase transition", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16966", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dwarf-to-cluster SIDM comparison uses target cross-section ranges rather than a likelihood: no public pipeline maps the CLASSICS sigma/m(v) curve onto halo rotation-curve, core-size, and cluster data with astrophysical (baryonic and halo-formation) marginalization.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple sigma/m(v) to a calibrated SIDM halo model (isothermal-Jeans or SIDM-adapted concentration-mass emulator) and build a joint likelihood over published dwarf/LSB rotation curves and cluster core measurements, replacing the O(1)-O(10) and 0.2 cm^2/g targets with posterior constraints on (m_DM, m_Aprime, g').", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_00277_right_handed_sneutrino_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino self-interacting dark matter in double focus point BLSSM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.00277", "score": 35.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf and cluster self-interaction constraints used by the card exist only as quoted target ranges (0.1-10 cm^2/g at 30 km/s, 0.1-1.25 at 2000 km/s, 0.1-0.47 at 900 km/s) with no public likelihood, so the allowed region can only be delimited by hard cuts rather than a statistical fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood for sigma_V/m(v) from published SIDM halo inferences (dwarf/LSB rotation curves and merging/relaxed cluster analyses, e.g. the Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu data points), parameterized in (m_snu, m_phi, effective coupling), and release it as a reusable SIDM constraint module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_09154_hidden_u1d_two_component_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component hidden U(1)_D scalar dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.09154", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction motivation is filtered only through qualitative sigma_self/m targets; no halo-shape or small-scale-structure likelihood connects the light component's dark-photon-mediated self-scattering to dwarf/cluster observables (card: no halo-shape likelihood attached).", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt the standard velocity-dependent SIDM cross-section calculation for a light-mediator Yukawa potential and compare against the compiled dwarf/LSB/cluster sigma/m constraints (e.g. the Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu data points) packaged as a simple likelihood over (m_Zprime, alpha_D, m_light).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_12322_lepton_quarticity_self_interacting_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-quarticity self-interacting Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.12322", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood connects a velocity-dependent scalar-mediated self-interaction cross section sigma/m(v) to dwarf, galaxy, and cluster halo observations; the sigma/m ~ 1 cm^2/g target and 0.1 cm^2/g halo-shape floor are literature ranges, not an evaluable statistical constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood mapping (m_DM, m_S, y_chi) through the Yukawa transfer cross section into halo predictions via calibrated SIDM N-body/isothermal-Jeans modeling (e.g. extending existing SIDM rotation-curve and cluster-shape fitting pipelines), covering the dwarf-to-cluster velocity range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_17564_fopt_rescued_self_interacting_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition rescued self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17564", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The SIDM small-scale-structure requirement is imposed only as a target band in sigma_T/m_DM with no halo-scale likelihood and no simulation calibration for this velocity-dependent light-mediator model (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's velocity-dependent sigma_T/m through an existing SIDM halo-modeling framework (isothermal-Jeans or gravothermal-fluid fits calibrated on published SIDM N-body suites) against dwarf and cluster rotation-curve/density-profile datasets to replace the target band with a quantitative likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03554_two_real_singlet_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-real-singlet self-interacting scalar dark matter model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03554", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The self-interaction constraint is only an approximate astrophysical target range (about 1 cm^2/g at dwarf/Milky-Way scales, below 0.1 cm^2/g at clusters); no quantitative likelihood maps halo density-profile data onto the model's sigma/m(v) curve.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from published rotation-curve and cluster core datasets (dwarf-to-cluster halo samples used in SIDM fits) parameterized directly in sigma_T/m as a function of velocity, so any velocity-dependent SIDM model, including this one, can be scored quantitatively instead of against rough target bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_18086_mirror_star_optically_thin_nugget_v1", "model_name": "Optically thin mirror-star nugget emission model", "family": "dissipative_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.18086", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No search likelihood exists for the predicted mirror-star HR-diagram locus: the Gaia DR3 comparison is illustrative only, with no selection function, white-dwarf contamination model, or statistical machinery to turn candidate counts (or their absence) into bounds on (rho_core, M_nugget, Gamma_heat).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Gaia DR3 candidate-search likelihood over the published color-magnitude locus with a G<30 completeness/selection model and a white-dwarf population contamination model, so that follow-up non-confirmation converts into exclusion regions over the paper's scan parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1035_su2x_hidden_vector_monopole_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_X hidden-sector vector and monopole dark matter with Higgs portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1035", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The long-range dark-photon self-interaction constraint rests on an approximate halo bound with stated order 1-10 uncertainty and no likelihood; there is no simulation-calibrated mapping or likelihood from the massless-mediator (velocity-dependent, Sommerfeld-enhanced) sigma_T/m_V to dwarf, cluster, and CMB data for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dark-Coulomb SIDM constraint pipeline: compute screened transfer cross sections with halo velocity averaging, calibrate the halo-observable mapping against existing long-range-force SIDM simulations (or run a small suite for the massless-mediator scaling), and combine with published dwarf/cluster core and CMB energy-injection likelihoods to bound alpha_X versus m_V.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_00909_mev_singlet_scalar_simp_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "MeV singlet-scalar SIMP dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.00909", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Cluster self-interaction constraints are applied as fixed sigma/m cuts (Bullet ~1 cm^2/g, Abell 1-3 cm^2/g) with mutually exclusive preferred regions and no velocity-dependent halo-level likelihood, leaving the SIDM interpretation of this model unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood over dwarf-to-cluster velocity scales from published SIDM halo analyses (rotation curves, cluster cores, merging clusters), evaluated at the model's velocity-independent contact cross section, so Bullet and Abell inputs are combined statistically instead of as disjoint cuts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_17037_cannibal_codecaying_forbidden_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting forbidden vector dark matter with a cannibally co-decaying phase", "family": "forbidden_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17037", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The SIDM comparison stops at the 0.1-10 cm^2/g target band: no likelihood maps the model's velocity-independent sigma_SI/m_X onto dwarf, LSB, and cluster halo data, and the card notes no simulation calibration for this constant-cross-section scenario across all halo masses.", "proposed_resolution": "Use existing constant-cross-section SIDM N-body calibrations to build an isothermal-Jeans or emulator-based halo likelihood over dwarf rotation curves, halo shapes, and cluster mergers, and evaluate whether a velocity-independent cross section can satisfy dwarf and cluster data simultaneously.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_05633_velocity_dependent_sidm_millicharged_thermal_v1", "model_name": "Velocity-dependent SIDM thermally coupled through millicharged dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.05633", "score": 31.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public statistical likelihood exists for the velocity-dependent SIDM halo-core observable; the dwarf-to-cluster sigma_T/m window is a compiled phenomenological target, so the model's critical small-scale-structure observable can only be checked pass/fail.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood for velocity-averaged sigma_T/m from isothermal-Jeans fits to dwarf and LSB rotation curves plus cluster core measurements (Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu-style analysis), released as a reusable module taking sigma_T(v)/m as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_5870_kev_sterile_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Single keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5870", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray radiative-decay constraint is recorded only as an analytic envelope bound on the mixing sum; no packaged X-ray line-search likelihood (with halo J/D factors and instrument response for Chandra/Suzaku/XMM stacks) is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Package published X-ray line flux limits (dwarf spheroidal, Milky Way, and cosmic X-ray background analyses) as a reusable likelihood over (m_4, mixing sum) with explicit J/D-factor priors, so the analytic decay-rate step feeds a statistical constraint instead of a quoted envelope.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1205_0569_composite_sterile_dirac_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Composite sterile Dirac neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0569", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray decay-line constraints on (m_d, sin^2 2theta_d) are applied only by quoting literature exclusion curves; no reusable X-ray line likelihood rescaled to this model's production-dependent sterile abundance is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published X-ray flux limits (Chandra/XMM/NuSTAR blank-sky and M31/dwarf compilations) into a digitized likelihood in the (m_d, theta_d, f_sterile) plane that scales with the abundance fraction output by the production solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_03559_freeze_twin_electron_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-twin electron and positron dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.03559", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction constraint is applied only as a qualitative sigma/m ~ 1 cm^2/g threshold: no velocity-dependent transfer-cross-section calculation for twin-electron Bhabha scattering through the massive twin photon is confronted with cluster and dwarf SIDM likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the velocity-dependent momentum-transfer cross section for e'-e'bar scattering (Born/classical/resonant regimes as appropriate for m_gamma_prime/m_e_prime) and evaluate it against published SIDM halo-scale constraints (Bullet Cluster, cluster ensembles, dwarf rotation curves) using an existing SIDM constraint compilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_11820_broken_u1_asymmetric_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneously broken U(1)' asymmetric self-interacting dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11820", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No halo-scale SIDM likelihood exists: the dwarf/group/cluster cross-section windows (O(1)-O(10) cm^2/g at dwarf velocities, <=0.5 and <=0.1 cm^2/g at groups and clusters) are applied as hard targets rather than a statistical likelihood over sigma_T/m_chi(v), as the card's constraint block states (likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a velocity-binned likelihood from published SIDM halo inferences (dwarf rotation curves, group and cluster profiles) using an isothermal-Jeans or SIDM-halo-model mapping from sigma_T/m_chi(v) to core sizes, so the (m_chi, m_A', alpha') plane can be scanned statistically instead of by window cuts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_2690_sterile_neutrino_pion_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from pion decays after the QCD phase transition", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.2690", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for either constraint on the card: the CMB-abundance/dwarf-spheroidal phase-space bound and the X-ray decay-line bound are both quoted as exclusion statements with likelihood_available: no, so mass-mixing scans cannot be evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a public likelihood layer: recast existing X-ray line search limits (XMM/Chandra M31 and cluster stacks) into a decay-rate likelihood in (m_s, |U_ls|^2), and implement the dwarf-spheroidal primordial phase-space-density bound as a likelihood over the computed f_s(q).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1603_06580_5d_u1_repulsive_axion_ultralight_dm_v1", "model_name": "5D U(1) repulsive-axion ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06580", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented dwarf-spheroidal stellar-kinematic likelihood exists for the repulsive-BEC polytropic core profile, so posteriors on core radius and interaction strength cannot be obtained.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the polytropic (or simulation-calibrated) core profile plus an outer NFW-like halo into an existing dwarf-spheroidal Jeans-analysis pipeline (GravSphere-style) and fit classical dwarf kinematic datasets for (m, f, lambda4_eff, central density).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_10385_stable_vector_mediator_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting dark matter with a stable vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.10385", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SIDM constraint is only a phenomenological target window (0.1-10 cm^2/g at dwarf velocities, <1 cm^2/g at cluster velocities), not a halo-observation likelihood, so parameter-space statements are qualitative (card lists likelihood_available: approximate and recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt or build a velocity-binned sigma_T/m likelihood from published dwarf rotation-curve and cluster ensemble fits (Kaplinghat-style SIDM halo-model inference) and map the model's sigma_T/m(v) curve onto it.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_08854_lmu_ltau_complex_scalar_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged L_mu-L_tau complex-scalar self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08854", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the dwarf-to-cluster velocity-dependent self-interaction window: comparing this model's CLASSICS-computed sigma_V/m_DM(v) to halo core data (dwarfs, LSBs, merging clusters) is done via literature target bands with no statistical machinery, and likelihood_available is 'no' for con_lmutau_sidm_velocity_window.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a public likelihood that ingests sigma/m(v) curves and compares them to the compiled rotation-curve and cluster datasets of Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu (arXiv:1508.03339) and Sagunski et al. (arXiv:2007.15522), marginalizing over halo concentration and baryonic-feedback nuisance parameters, packaged as a module usable downstream of CLASSICS.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_08854_lmu_ltau_dirac_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged L_mu-L_tau Dirac self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08854", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the dwarf-to-cluster velocity-dependent self-interaction window: comparing this model's CLASSICS-computed sigma_V/m_DM(v) to halo core data (dwarfs, LSBs, merging clusters) is done via literature target bands with no statistical machinery, and likelihood_available is 'no' for con_lmutau_sidm_velocity_window.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a public likelihood that ingests sigma/m(v) curves and compares them to the compiled rotation-curve and cluster datasets of Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu (arXiv:1508.03339) and Sagunski et al. (arXiv:2007.15522), marginalizing over halo concentration and baryonic-feedback nuisance parameters, packaged as a module usable downstream of CLASSICS.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_07882_super_resonant_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Super-Resonant Dark Matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.07882", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The halo self-interaction comparison uses inherited SIDM target cross-section ranges rather than a likelihood: no implemented statistical pipeline maps the model's resonant sigma/m(v) over (m, y, delta) onto dwarf, low-surface-brightness, and relaxed-cluster data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published velocity-binned SIDM halo inferences (dwarf/LSB rotation curves and cluster constraints) into a likelihood over sigma/m(v) and evaluate it on the model's Breit-Wigner cross section as a function of (m, y, delta).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_03295_leptonic_fermion_dm_dilepton_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic fermion dark matter with scalar dilepton mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03295", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-core observable rests on a bare sigma_el/m = 1 cm^2/g benchmark with no likelihood (con_self_interaction_benchmark has likelihood_available: no) and no simulation calibration for this velocity-dependent cross section, so halo-scale data cannot statistically constrain (m_chi, m_zeta, couplings).", "proposed_resolution": "Connect the model's velocity-dependent Yukawa transfer cross section to existing SIDM halo analyses by building a likelihood over dwarf and cluster sigma/m inferences (e.g. via the isothermal-Jeans SIDM halo model calibrated on public SIDM simulations), returning posteriors on (m_chi, m_zeta, couplings) rather than a single benchmark check.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_03295_leptonic_scalar_dm_dilepton_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic scalar dark matter with scalar dilepton mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03295", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-core observable rests on a bare sigma_el/m = 1 cm^2/g benchmark with no likelihood (con_self_interaction_benchmark has likelihood_available: no) and no simulation calibration for this model, and cluster-scale/halo-shape constraints on the velocity-dependent cross section are explicitly not recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's velocity-dependent light-mediator transfer cross section onto existing SIDM halo inferences by building a likelihood over dwarf and cluster sigma/m measurements (e.g. isothermal-Jeans halo modeling calibrated on public SIDM simulations), constraining (m_chi, m_zeta, mu_12) directly instead of checking a single benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_04665_z4_dirac_neutrino_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Z4 Dirac-neutrino scalar self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.04665", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No SIDM halo likelihood or simulation calibration connects the model's predicted sigma/m(v) to dwarf-galaxy core morphology; the card structures the SIDM target as a viability range with likelihood_available 'unknown' and simulation_calibrated 'unknown'.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply an existing SIDM halo-modeling framework (isothermal-Jeans matching or SIDM-simulation-calibrated rotation-curve fits to the SPARC dwarf sample) to convert the velocity-dependent cross section into a quantitative dwarf-to-cluster likelihood rather than a target band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_13218_millicharged_excited_sfdm_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged excited-state scalar field dark matter halo", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.13218", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The white-dwarf/red-giant stellar-cooling bound on the millicharge is only cited secondhand with likelihood_available: unknown, and existing millicharge bounds are derived for particle dark matter rather than an ultralight scalar field, so the constraint requires a recast before it can gate the benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Trace the original stellar-cooling millicharge literature, verify applicability of the emission calculation to an eV-scale charged scalar, and encode the resulting g(m) exclusion curve as a machine-readable prior for the route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14981_dark_cluster_microhalo_clumps_v1", "model_name": "Dark cluster microhalo clumps", "family": "clumped_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14981", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for compact-star survival and transient rates (type-Ia-like white-dwarf supernovae and neutron-star X-ray superbursts) that converts an ignition probability per star into an excluded M-R region with quantified uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Poisson rate likelihood over catalogued old white dwarfs and superburst monitoring exposure, with the compact-star population model and local dark-matter density as nuisance parameters, releasing it in a standard recasting framework.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_vector_kinetic_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric vector-mediator SIDM with photon kinetic mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood connects sigma_T/m_X(v) to dwarf, low-surface-brightness, and cluster halo data; the astrophysical self-interaction window constraint has likelihood_available: no and depends on halo modeling external to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a halo-scale SIDM likelihood by combining the isothermal-Jeans or SIDM-simulation-calibrated core-density model with published dwarf rotation-curve and cluster core datasets, parameterized directly in sigma_T/m_X at dwarf and cluster velocities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_00320_vector_dark_matter_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Strongly self-interacting vector dark matter via freeze-in", "family": "self_interacting_freeze_in_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.00320", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction observable is judged only against the heuristic 0.1-10 cm^2/g dwarf window and a ~1 cm^2/g cluster ceiling; no halo-level likelihood maps the model's velocity-dependent sigma_T/m_X onto dwarf and cluster structure data (likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a published SIDM halo-inference framework (rotation-curve/cluster-profile fits parameterized by sigma_T/m at each system's characteristic velocity) and wrap it as a likelihood over (m_X, m_h2, alpha_X) using the model's Born/classical/resonant cross-section formulas.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_07662_variant_axion_domain_wall_safe_mev_dm_v1", "model_name": "variant axion model with domain-wall-safe PQ charges", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.07662", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, reusable stellar-cooling global-fit likelihood (white-dwarf luminosity function, horizontal-branch R parameter, TRGB brightness) is packaged for this model: the paper's preferred 0.45-30 meV region cannot be reproduced or updated without rebuilding the fit, and the flavor-dependent coupling combinations of Models U/C/T/D/S/B require refitting rather than reusing DFSZ results.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published WD luminosity-function, HB R-parameter, and TRGB likelihood ingredients into an open code parameterized by (g_ae, g_agamma, g_ap, g_an, m_a), validate it by reproducing the paper's preferred mass interval, and expose it for scans over the six variant-axion charge models.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01341_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_thermal_effects_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-effects freeze-in sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01341", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "X-ray line constraints on (m_N1, theta) are applied only as literature exclusion curves; no machine-readable, target-by-target line likelihood (dwarfs, clusters, Milky Way blank sky) is attached for joint scans with the freeze-in abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile published NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Chandra sterile-neutrino line limits into an interpolated likelihood over (m_N1, sin^2 2theta) rescalable by the model's f_DM, for direct use in the registry scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_vector_z_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric vector-mediator SIDM with Z-boson mass mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the astrophysical self-interaction window: the card's small-scale-structure constraint (dwarf-core preference plus cluster/Bullet-Cluster upper bounds) has likelihood_available 'no' and requires recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a sigma_T/m(v) likelihood from published halo-scale inferences (dwarf, LSB, group, and cluster data points with uncertainties) that consumes the velocity-dependent cross-section output and returns a joint constraint on (m_X, m_phi, alpha_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1709_09717_constrained_sidm_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Constrained self-interacting dark matter with dark photon and dark fermions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.09717", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-to-cluster self-interaction constraint is only a set of preferred sigma/m bands inferred from halo fits; no reusable likelihood with baryonic-modeling nuisance parameters exists to constrain (m_chi, m_phi, g_chi) statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a velocity-binned likelihood from published dwarf, spiral, and cluster sigma/m inferences (Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu-style data compilation) including halo-modeling nuisance parameters, and couple it to the analytic Yukawa transfer-cross-section calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_01464_scalar_fragmentation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "primordial black holes from scalar-field fragmentation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1908.01464", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood connects the predicted neutron-star/white-dwarf capture and destruction rates (consumed pulsars, orphan kilonovae/GRBs, solar-mass BH remnants) to actual survey data, so the compact-star channel cannot constrain or detect the 1e17-1e22 g window quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a rate likelihood combining pulsar census data in the Galactic Center, transient-survey (ZTF/LSST kilonova/GRB) detection efficiencies, and LIGO/Virgo sub-/solar-mass BH merger limits, marginalizing over local DM density and compact-star population models.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_scalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SIDM comparison uses only an analytic viscosity-cross-section proxy; no likelihood maps the velocity-dependent sigma_V/m_chi from the light-mediator exchange onto dwarf and cluster halo data.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's velocity-dependent transfer/viscosity cross section to an existing SIDM halo-inference framework (e.g. isothermal Jeans modeling fits to dwarf and cluster profiles) to produce a quantitative allowed band in (m_phi/m_chi, g_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_13367_affleck_dine_forbidden_decay_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine asymmetric dark matter with finite-temperature forbidden decay", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.13367", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The late-time phenomenology (velocity-dependent sigma/m from the light singlet scalar, direct detection through the Higgs portal, Higgs-invisible and heavy second-doublet collider signatures) is recorded only as qualitative prospects with no model implementation or recast, so none of these laboratory/astrophysical tests can be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the psi/S/H2 model in FeynRules and micrOMEGAs for direct-detection cross sections, compute sigma/m(v) with standard Yukawa-potential transfer cross-section methods against dwarf-scale SIDM targets, and run HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals plus LHC heavy-Higgs recasts for the H2 and Higgs-invisible channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09510_dark_su_n_scalar_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(N) scalar glueball dark matter", "family": "glueball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.09510", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction constraint is applied only as a literature hard cut sigma/m < 0.19 cm^2/g (Lambda > about 17 MeV); the card flags that recasting is needed and no likelihood maps the velocity and mass dependence of glueball 2-to-2 scattering onto specific dwarf and cluster datasets.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the glueball elastic self-scattering cross section from the effective potential as a function of Lambda and N, and recast published halo-scale SIDM constraints (cluster merger and dwarf-halo analyses) into a sigma/m(Lambda, N) likelihood replacing the flat 0.19 cm^2/g cut, including the subcomponent-fraction weakening noted in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_asymmetric_vector_kinetic_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric vector-mediator SIDM with photon kinetic mixing", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The astrophysical self-interaction constraint is only a qualitative window (0.1-10 cm^2/g at dwarf velocities, cluster bounds above): likelihood_available is no, and there is no structured dwarf-core/halo-shape/cluster likelihood on sigma_T/m_X(v) to which the transfer-cross-section output can be compared.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood over sigma_T/m_X(v) from rotation-curve and dwarf-spheroidal Jeans fits using the SIDM isothermal-core halo model calibrated against existing SIDM N-body simulations, combined with cluster halo-shape and merging-cluster upper bounds, so any (m_X, m_phi, alpha_X) point can be scored directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_03456_ultralight_axion_soliton_nfw_halo_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-light axion soliton-core plus NFW halo model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.03456", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged stellar-kinematic likelihood exists for fitting soliton-core+NFW density profiles to dwarf-spheroidal data (Fornax, Sculptor), so the m_a < 1.1e-22 eV core bound cannot be reproduced or updated with modern datasets.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the soliton+NFW profile family in a public dwarf Jeans-analysis pipeline (e.g. extend GravSphere or a Walker-Penarrubia slope-estimator reimplementation) and release a likelihood over (m_a, rho_c, halo virial parameters) validated by recovering the source's 95 percent C.L. mass bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_07712_bosonic_seesaw_axion_like_s_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bosonic-seesaw invisible axion-like s dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.07712", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for constraining a decaying eV-scale axion-like s in the (m_s, g_sgamma) plane: the card's line-emission and stellar-cooling constraint has likelihood_available no, so the critical diphoton-line observable can only be checked against digitized exclusion curves rather than evaluated statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a reusable (m_s, g_agamma)-parameterized likelihood from published decaying-ALP dark matter line searches (optical/X-ray) and horizontal-branch/white-dwarf cooling limits, e.g. building on the AxionLimits compilation, and apply it to the s model via its computed g_sgamma with the model-specific coupling map documented as a recast assumption.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_pseudoscalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SIDM comparison uses only an analytic viscosity-cross-section proxy; no likelihood maps the velocity-dependent sigma_V/m_chi from the light-mediator exchange onto dwarf and cluster halo data.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the model's velocity-dependent transfer/viscosity cross section to an existing SIDM halo-inference framework (e.g. isothermal Jeans modeling fits to dwarf and cluster profiles) to produce a quantitative allowed band in (m_phi/m_chi, g_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_11551_leptophilic_u1_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic U(1)_L self-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.11551", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative likelihood exists for the velocity-dependent SIDM cross section against dwarf-galaxy core targets and cluster-merger upper bounds; current constraints are literature comparison values (e.g. sigma_T/m < 1.25 and < 0.47 cm^2/g) without a halo-model-consistent statistical framework, so the joint relic-plus-structure step cannot be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable SIDM likelihood from isothermal-Jeans modeling of dwarf and low-surface-brightness rotation curves plus cluster-merger and halo-shape bounds, parameterized directly in sigma_T/m(v) so any light-mediator model can be scored, and combine it with the Planck relic-density target.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_scalar_higgs_portal_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric scalar-mediator SIDM with Higgs mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The astrophysical self-interaction constraint is only a qualitative window (0.1-10 cm^2/g at dwarf velocities with cluster-scale upper bounds): likelihood_available is no, so there is no structured dwarf-core/halo-shape/cluster likelihood on sigma_T/m_X(v) against which the model can be scored.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood over sigma_T/m_X(v) from dwarf and low-surface-brightness rotation-curve/Jeans fits using the SIDM isothermal-core halo model calibrated on existing SIDM N-body simulations, combined with cluster halo-shape and merging-cluster bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_6632_self_interacting_boosted_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting boosted two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.6632", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The SIDM window (0.1-1 cm^2/g) and Bullet Cluster bound are applied only as velocity-averaged literature targets; no dwarf/cluster likelihood exists for this model's specific chi_A self-interaction velocity dependence (card: velocity dependence unknown, constraints not recomputed).", "proposed_resolution": "Once the mediator of the chi_A self-interaction is specified, map sigma_AA(v) onto existing SIDM halo constraint sets (dwarf rotation curves and cluster merger bounds) using published velocity-binned sigma/m limits, packaged as a likelihood over (sigma_AA/m_A, velocity dependence).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1501_01973_u1dm_z3_scalar_simp_v1", "model_name": "Global U(1)_DM-remnant Z3 scalar SIMP", "family": "strongly_interacting_massive_particle", "arxiv": "1501.01973", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood exists for the self-interaction observable: the 0.1-10 cm^2/g preference range and the Bullet Cluster / halo-shape upper bounds are qualitative targets, so benchmark viability (e.g. the noted tension of benchmark A) cannot be scored statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published velocity-binned sigma/m constraints (Bullet Cluster, cluster halo shapes, dwarf/LSB rotation-curve SIDM fits) into a simple velocity-dependent likelihood on sigma_self(v)/m_X and evaluate the model's constant tree-level cross section against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_01246_vector_mediator_reannihilating_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Closed-sector vector-mediator reannihilating SIDM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01246", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m(v) to dwarf core and cluster halo-shape/merger data; the card marks both astrophysical constraints likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes, with baryonic feedback as an unmodeled systematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a velocity-binned SIDM halo likelihood by combining published dwarf rotation-curve/core inferences and cluster ellipticity plus merging-cluster bounds into a likelihood over sigma_T/m at v ~ 30 and ~ 1000 km/s, calibrated against existing SIDM N-body simulations (or an isothermal-Jeans SIDM halo model) with a baryonic-feedback nuisance treatment.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_14399_dark_fopt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark first-order phase transition primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.14399", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the Milky Way SN Ia rate constraint on (M_PBH, f_PBH) that marginalizes over the Galactic dark-matter halo profile, white-dwarf population and velocity distribution, and the detonation-criterion nuisance parameter.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the event-rate integral (halo profile x WD number density x transit cross section x ignition probability) with a Poisson/Gaussian likelihood against the 0.54 +/- 0.12 per century rate, with NFW/cored profile and ignition-efficiency nuisance parameters, releasing it in a standard framework such as a cobaya/MontePython external likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0502222_bstv_scalar_oscillation_cdm_v1", "model_name": "BSTV scalar-field oscillation cold dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0502222", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No galaxy rotation-curve or dwarf-dynamics likelihood exists for the combined MOND-sector-plus-non-clustering-boson prediction (card records likelihood_available: no for the galaxy_nonaccumulation_condition constraint).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a rotation-curve likelihood on a public dataset such as SPARC that fits the TeVeS weak-field acceleration relation plus any residual clustered scalar component, constraining a_0 and lambda_dB jointly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf2_v1", "model_name": "Two-flavor chiral composite asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The self-interaction estimate sigma_0/m_DM ~ 0.01-0.1 cm^2/g is only checked against quoted cluster and ultra-faint-dwarf ranges; no halo-shape, merging-cluster, or dwarf likelihood has been run for this velocity-independent dark-baryon cross section.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's constant sigma_0/m_DM onto existing SIDM constraint compilations (cluster shapes/mergers, dwarf profiles) as a reusable likelihood module, since the velocity-independent case needs no new simulation beyond published SIDM calibrations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1008_2399_hylogenesis_antibaryonic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hylogenesis antibaryonic dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.2399", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the predicted IND heating luminosity to compact-star observations: the card lists compact-star thermal observations as the target but no dataset of old neutron-star or white-dwarf temperatures with a capture-heating comparison framework is packaged.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published temperature/luminosity measurements of old, cold neutron stars and white dwarfs in high-DM-density environments and wrap them in a likelihood comparing observed cooling against the capture-limited IND heating prediction with astrophysical nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_prime_vector_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A': Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping sigma_T/m_DM(v) to halo observables: the dwarf/LSB core preference (0.1-10 cm^2/g) and cluster-merger upper limits are quoted only as literature numbers, with no packaged halo-profile or merger likelihood and no simulation calibration for this model's velocity dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood using the isothermal Jeans-model mapping from sigma_T(v) to core sizes fit to dwarf/LSB rotation curves, combined with published cluster-merger offset constraints, and spot-check the semi-analytic mapping against existing velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A: Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the velocity-dependent sigma_T/m(v) prediction to the small-scale-structure data: the dwarf/LSB core preference (0.1-10 cm^2/g) and the cluster-merger upper limits (0.47-1.25 cm^2/g) are quoted literature numbers with no public likelihood, and the halo response to a velocity-dependent cross section is not simulation-calibrated on this card (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a registry-level SIDM halo likelihood: combine the isothermal Jeans halo-response model (Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu style) evaluated at dwarf, LSB, and cluster characteristic velocities with published cluster-merger constraints, and validate the velocity-dependent mapping against existing velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_prime_vector_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B': vector-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the velocity-dependent sigma_T/m(v) prediction to the small-scale-structure data: the dwarf/LSB core preference (0.1-10 cm^2/g) and the cluster-merger upper limits (0.47-1.25 cm^2/g) are quoted literature numbers with no public likelihood, and the halo response to a velocity-dependent cross section is not simulation-calibrated on this card (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a registry-level SIDM halo likelihood: combine the isothermal Jeans halo-response model (Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu style) evaluated at dwarf, LSB, and cluster characteristic velocities with published cluster-merger constraints, and validate the velocity-dependent mapping against existing velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_scalar_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B: scalar-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the velocity-dependent sigma_T/m(v) prediction to the small-scale-structure data: the dwarf/LSB core preference (0.1-10 cm^2/g) and the cluster-merger upper limits (0.47-1.25 cm^2/g) are quoted literature numbers with no public likelihood, and the halo response to a velocity-dependent cross section is not simulation-calibrated on this card (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a registry-level SIDM halo likelihood: combine the isothermal Jeans halo-response model (Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu style) evaluated at dwarf, LSB, and cluster characteristic velocities with published cluster-merger constraints, and validate the velocity-dependent mapping against existing velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_c_pwave_scalar_mediator_decay_chain_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model C: p-wave scalar-mediator SIDM with scalar mediator-decay channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the velocity-dependent sigma_T/m(v) prediction to the small-scale-structure data: the dwarf/LSB core preference (0.1-10 cm^2/g) and the cluster-merger upper limits (0.47-1.25 cm^2/g) are quoted literature numbers with no public likelihood, and the halo response to a velocity-dependent cross section is not simulation-calibrated on this card (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a registry-level SIDM halo likelihood: combine the isothermal Jeans halo-response model (Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu style) evaluated at dwarf, LSB, and cluster characteristic velocities with published cluster-merger constraints, and validate the velocity-dependent mapping against existing velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_d_stable_vector_mediator_scalar_annihilation_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model D: stable vector-mediator SIDM with scalar annihilation outlet", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists mapping the velocity-dependent sigma_T/m(v) prediction to the small-scale-structure data: the dwarf/LSB core preference (0.1-10 cm^2/g) and the cluster-merger upper limits (0.47-1.25 cm^2/g) are quoted literature numbers with no public likelihood, and the halo response to a velocity-dependent cross section is not simulation-calibrated on this card (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a registry-level SIDM halo likelihood: combine the isothermal Jeans halo-response model (Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu style) evaluated at dwarf, LSB, and cluster characteristic velocities with published cluster-merger constraints, and validate the velocity-dependent mapping against existing velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1410_6218_three_higgs_flavored_pq_invisible_axion_v1", "model_name": "Three-Higgs flavored Peccei-Quinn invisible axion model", "family": "invisible_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.6218", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled likelihood or recasting tables map this model's flavored axion couplings (off-diagonal quark/lepton couplings, g_a_gamma, g_ae, g_aN) onto rare-decay, stellar-cooling, and helioscope/haloscope limits, so constraint comparison is limited to rough screening.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile digitized public bounds (K -> pi + invisible from E787/E949/NA62, mu -> e a, globular-cluster and white-dwarf cooling, CAST and ADMX exclusions, e.g. from the AxionLimits compilation) into a coupling-space constraint module keyed to the model's coupling calculator output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_10743_neutrino_portal_multicomponent_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate neutrino-portal scalar-fermion self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.10743", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No statistical likelihood exists for the dwarf-core preference (sigma_T/m of 1-10 cm^2/g at v~50 km/s) versus the cluster bound (sigma_T/m < 0.47 cm^2/g); the constraint is applied as a qualitative band, so the (m, y) parameter space cannot be given confidence regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from published dwarf and low-surface-brightness rotation-curve fits and colliding-cluster analyses, parameterized by the model's velocity-dependent sigma_T/m curve, and apply it to the (m, y) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_6374_yukawa_potential_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Yukawa-potential interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6374", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public joint likelihood exists that confronts velocity-dependent SIDM predictions with dwarf-galaxy core measurements and cluster shape/dynamics data simultaneously, which is the model's defining test (dwarf-scale scattering with cluster-scale suppression).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood combining dwarf/LSB rotation-curve and stellar-kinematics core inferences with cluster ensemble constraints on sigma/m at v~1000 km/s, parameterized directly in (sigma_T/m at v_peak, v_peak) so any Yukawa point can be scored.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_2384_b_l_right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_B-L right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2384", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray radiative-decay constraint is applied only as an order-of-magnitude mixing formula (theta_1^2 < ~1.7e-6 (1.6 keV/M_1)^5); no curated X-ray line-limit tables or likelihood are attached for a quantitative flux comparison across targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published keV X-ray line limits (XMM-Newton, Chandra, NuSTAR, eROSITA blank-sky and dwarf/cluster targets) into digitized limit tables with matched J/D-factors and wire them into the width-to-flux step as an interpolable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_06681_agnostic_vector_portal_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Agnostic vector-portal self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.06681", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf and cluster self-interaction requirements are applied as fixed benchmarks (sigma_T/m = 1 cm^2/g at 10 km/s; < 0.5 cm^2/g at 1000 km/s) with no statistical likelihood, so the allowed (m_chi, m_V) plane inherits unquantified astrophysical systematics the card itself flags.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the fixed cross-section targets with a velocity-binned likelihood built from published SIDM halo inferences (dwarf/LSB rotation-curve and cluster-merger analyses), marginalizing over halo-formation systematics, and evaluate it on the model's velocity-dependent sigma_T(v)/m curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_11045_axion_assisted_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-assisted resonance sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.11045", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the X-ray decay-line and dwarf phase-space constraints or for Athena/eXTP forecasts; only summarized exclusion regions are available, preventing a proper recast of the suppressed X-ray signal and future-mission reach for this model's reduced mixing.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a decay-line likelihood from published XMM/NuSTAR/Chandra blank-sky and dwarf X-ray limits plus dwarf phase-space bounds, and add Athena/eXTP instrument-response forecast modules, exposing an exclusion/detectability flag as a function of (m_s, sin^2 2theta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_01246_scalar_mediator_closed_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Closed-sector scalar-mediator SIDM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01246", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dwarf-core or cluster-scale likelihood exists to confront sigma_T/m_chi(v) with halo data; the card records likelihood_available: no for both astrophysical constraints, and the quoted 0.1-50 cm^2/g ranges are phenomenological targets from simulations rather than packaged statistical constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a velocity-binned SIDM halo likelihood: combine Jeans-based isothermal halo-matching fits to dwarf rotation curves and stellar kinematics with cluster ellipticity and merging-cluster constraints, calibrated against existing SIDM N-body simulations, exposing sigma_T/m_chi(v) as the interface so any velocity-dependent mediator model can be scored.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_00529_freeze_in_hidden_sector_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-in hidden-sector self-interacting dark fermion model with a light dark photon", "family": "self_interacting_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.00529", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public simulation-calibrated likelihood exists for the dwarf-to-cluster velocity-dependent sigma_T/m fit that selects the viable region; the DGC comparison is a literature target range (1.2-3.7 cm^2/g at low velocity) without a released statistical pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's sigma_T/m(v) curves through a published SIDM halo-inference framework (e.g. isothermal-Jeans or SIDM-simulation-calibrated rotation-curve/cluster likelihoods), packaging the dwarf, LSB, and cluster datasets into a reusable likelihood over (m_D, m_gamma_prime, g_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_11408_hidden_self_interacting_dirac_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Hidden self-interacting Dirac dark matter with scalar-mediated first-order phase transition", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.11408", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No small-scale-structure likelihood exists for the velocity-dependent self-interaction cross section of this model; the card states small-scale-structure likelihoods are not built and the joint SIDM/relic constraint has likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model's Yukawa sigma(v)/m into published dwarf-to-cluster SIDM inference results (velocity-binned sigma/m posteriors from rotation-curve and cluster analyses) and package them as a reusable likelihood over (m_chi, m_phi, g_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_07114_multifield_ultralight_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multifield ultralight dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.07114", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The stellar-heating constraint exists only as an analytic scaling, not a released likelihood: no public pipeline maps N-field granularity spectra to stellar velocity-dispersion data in ultrafaint dwarfs with halo and stellar-population modeling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast pipeline that takes multifield SP granularity power (from gap_1 simulations), computes diffusion-driven heating of stellar tracers in dwarf-galaxy potentials, and wraps it as a likelihood against measured velocity dispersions (e.g. Segue 1/2, Eridanus II style analyses), with N and m_i as parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1505_00034_logotropic_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Logotropic dark fluid", "family": "unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1505.00034", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The halo-scaling predictions (Sigma_0~141 M_sun pc^-2, M_300~1.93e7 M_sun, Burkert-like rotation curves) are only compared to quoted values with no likelihood (likelihood_available: no), so the cored-halo test cannot be run quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a rotation-curve and dwarf-spheroidal likelihood (e.g. fits of logotropic cored profiles to the SPARC sample and classical dSph enclosed-mass data) that constrains A and tests the universality of Sigma_0 and M_300.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_10356_spin_zero_no_freeze_in_no_freeze_out_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Spin-zero no-freeze-in/no-freeze-out warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.10356", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the heterogeneous temperature-to-mass ratio synthesis (spiral rotation curves, dwarf galaxies, stellar mass functions, UV luminosity functions, reionization optical depth); the constraint is an author-level synthesis with likelihood_available: no and low robustness.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint likelihood combining a rotation-curve/phase-space-density likelihood (THINGS/SPARC/LITTLE-THINGS), a UV-luminosity-function cutoff likelihood, and a reionization optical-depth term, each expressed as a function of the WDM cutoff scale rather than a thermal-relic mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_2075_dark_atom_sidm_dao_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "Dark-atom self-interacting dark matter with dark acoustic oscillations", "family": "atomic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.2075", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative likelihood for velocity-dependent self-interaction constraints from dwarf, cluster, and halo-shape data: existing bounds are constant-cross-section statements, while the dark-atom sigma_T/m is strongly velocity dependent, so evaluating the benchmark at the correct velocities is currently a hand recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood that maps sigma_T/m(v) curves onto dwarf (30-60 km/s) and cluster (~1000 km/s) constraints, e.g. by recasting Bullet-Cluster and halo-shape limits and dwarf central-density measurements into velocity-binned bounds applied to the dark-atom scattering phase-shift calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1406_6586_cold_wavelike_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cold wavelike Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.6586", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for the model's two decisive comparisons: a Fornax-like dwarf-spheroidal Jeans likelihood for soliton-core fits (the primary constraint preserves no likelihood) and an HFF ultra-faint lensed-galaxy luminosity-function likelihood that takes a fuzzy-DM-suppressed halo mass function as input.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dwarf-spheroidal Jeans likelihood (soliton+NFW-envelope profile, marginalizing stellar anisotropy and baryonic mass) against the Fornax phase-space data, and reconstruct the HFF constraint as a UV-luminosity-function likelihood fed by the fuzzy-DM half-mode-suppressed halo mass function with lensing-magnification and selection systematics as nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_08064_self_interacting_higgs_portal_scalar_early_md_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting Higgs-portal singlet scalar dark matter in an early matter-dominated era", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.08064", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative likelihood exists for the self-interaction observable sigma_self/m_s: halo-shape and cluster SIDM constraints are cited as literature bounds, and the card records detector and halo likelihoods as not reconstructed, so the recast step cannot produce statistically meaningful limits in the nonstandard cosmology.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble an interpolated likelihood module from published SIDM posteriors on sigma/m (dwarf, LSB, and cluster halo fits) and combine it with DDCalc-based direct-detection likelihoods inside a GAMBIT-style scan of the singlet parameters with the early-matter-domination relic calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_06494_hidden_dirac_fermion_dark_photon_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector Dirac fermion self-interacting dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.06494", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-to-cluster SIDM constraint exists only as target cross-section bands from the literature (likelihood_available: no); there is no halo-level likelihood connecting sigma_T/m(v) predictions of this dark-photon model to rotation-curve and cluster data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from published SIDM halo fits (e.g. the Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu dwarf-to-cluster dataset) that accepts an arbitrary sigma_T/m(v) curve, so the model's velocity-dependent prediction can be scored rather than compared to bands by eye.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_05431_hidden_supersymmetric_n1_sym_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hidden supersymmetric N=1 Yang-Mills dark sector", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.05431", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction constraint is applied only as a generic 2 cm^2/g Bullet Cluster cutoff; no velocity-dependent SIDM halo/cluster likelihood is attached that could exploit the model's predicted velocity dependence across dwarf-to-cluster scales.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published SIDM constraints (merging-cluster analyses and halo-profile inferences across dwarf, group, and cluster velocity scales) into a tabulated likelihood over sigma/m(v) and evaluate the gVY-predicted cross section against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_03145_qcd_axion_mediated_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion-mediated Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.03145", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "None of the model's three constraint classes has a likelihood: BBN/CMB Delta N_eff, globular-cluster/red-giant/SN1987A cooling, and halo SIDM limits are all applied as quoted thresholds (likelihood_available no across the card), preventing statistically meaningful parameter scans.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a composite likelihood over (f_a, m_chi, g_a_chi, T_RH): reuse public Planck/BBN N_eff posteriors, published R/R2 and red-giant cooling likelihood parameterizations for the KSVZ/DFSZ couplings, and published sigma_T/m constraints from dwarf-to-cluster halo analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_05676_lsidm_vectorlike_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Light Self-Interacting Dark Matter (LSIDM) model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05676", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No SIDM halo likelihood exists to confront the predicted velocity-dependent sigma_T/m with data: the card's SIDM constraint is a literature target band (likelihood_available: no) and no halo-simulation-calibrated likelihood over dwarf-to-cluster scales was run.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published Kaplinghat-Tulin-Yu halo-inferred sigma_T/m(v) points for dwarfs, LSBs, and clusters into a Gaussian likelihood over the model's predicted velocity-dependent cross-section curve, optionally cross-checked against SIDM N-body-calibrated halo models (e.g. the isothermal Jeans method).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1107_3829_a4_split_seesaw_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "A4 split-seesaw keV sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.3829", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray test uses only the source-era analytic mixing bound theta^2 < 1.8e-5 (1 keV/m_s)^5; no current X-ray line likelihood (XMM-Newton/Chandra/NuSTAR/eROSITA blank-sky and stacked-object limits) is wired to the model's (m_s, theta^2) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published sterile-neutrino decay-line limits (NuSTAR Galactic-center/blank-sky, XMM stacked dwarfs and M31) into a tabulated likelihood over (m_s, sin^2 2theta) scaled by the model's relic fraction, and evaluate the A4 split-seesaw points against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_00553_lmu_ltau_scotogenic_freeze_in_two_component_v1", "model_name": "L_mu - L_tau scotogenic freeze-in two-component dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.00553", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable public likelihood exists for a monochromatic 3.5 keV dark-matter decay line: the card only carries an approximate flux-window target from the primary paper, while current constraints (stacked XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR/eROSITA observations, including blank-sky non-detections) are scattered across analyses with disputed status.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decay-line likelihood module that combines published 3.5 keV detection fluxes and blank-sky/dwarf non-detection limits into a joint likelihood on Gamma(N2 -> N3 gamma) x (Omega_N2/Omega_DM), parameterized by line energy and halo line-of-sight integrals, packaged for registry-wide reuse on any decaying keV-splitting model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09359_mirror_dark_plasma_steady_state_halo_v1", "model_name": "Mirror dark plasma steady-state halo model", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09359", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No galaxy-by-galaxy rotation-curve likelihood exists for confronting the predicted cored profiles with data; the LITTLE THINGS dwarfs are cited only as context and no statistical fit of the model to rotation curves has been performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood over SPARC and LITTLE THINGS rotation curves restricted to the model's validity domain (isolated, star-forming galaxies), fitting the solver's v_halo(r) plus the measured baryonic components with epsilon and the SN heating normalization as shared parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_08557_atomic_dark_matter_dark_star_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter subcomponent forming dark stars", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08557", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No population model or likelihood connects a dark-star-formed black-hole mass function to gravitational-wave merger rates and compact-object bounds, so the mass-gap prediction cannot be tested against LVK catalogs, MACHO microlensing, or ultra-faint-dwarf heating limits at likelihood level.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a semi-analytic dark-star binary population-synthesis model (halo-dependent formation efficiency, pairing, and merger delay times) and add it as a subpopulation channel in an LVK population-inference framework (e.g. gwpopulation), alongside recasts of MACHO and dwarf-heating limits for the epsilon-weighted compact-object fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_08679_two_component_baryon_scattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component baryon-scattering dark matter for cool-core cluster heating", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.08679", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood connects the predicted baryon-DM heating rate to observed cool-core cluster thermodynamics; the heat-balance comparison against Chandra/XMM cooling-time and temperature profiles exists only as a source-level estimate, and the Bullet Cluster/dwarf-evaporation self-interaction bounds on the dark U(1) thermalization realization have not been recast for this two-component setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood over a sample of cool-core clusters comparing dQ_b/dt to bremsstrahlung cooling rates from archival Chandra/XMM thermodynamic profiles, and recast published merging-cluster and dwarf-evaporation self-interaction limits into bounds on the (m_chi, m_psi, alpha_D) kinetic-equilibrium parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0609081_higgs_singlet_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino dark matter from Higgs-singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0609081", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray radiative-decay constraint is not encoded as a likelihood: published telescope line limits in the keV band exist but have not been wired to this model's (m_s, theta) with the abundance scaling the card notes (subcomponent abundance weakens the bound).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published X-ray line limits (e.g., stacked cluster/dwarf and blank-sky keV-band searches) into a sin^2(2 theta) versus m_s exclusion function scaled by the model's computed sterile abundance fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1006_4008_resonant_msm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonant MSM sterile-neutrino dark matter with technically natural N2-N3 degeneracy", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1006.4008", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged X-ray line likelihood exists to convert stacked XMM/Chandra/NuSTAR observations into a bound on the N1 mixing angle theta versus M_1 for this model; the card records the X-ray likelihood as unavailable and only literature exclusion curves are cited.", "proposed_resolution": "Package published X-ray line search results (blank-sky XMM/NuSTAR and dwarf/cluster stacks) into a reusable sin^2(2theta)-vs-M_1 likelihood module with explicit dark-matter-distribution systematics, applicable to any decaying keV dark-matter candidate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_3753_nonminimally_coupled_bec_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled relativistic BEC dark matter", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.3753", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No rotation-curve or lensing likelihood exists for NMC-BEC cored profiles: step s3 requires fitting predicted effective density profiles to dwarf and galactic halo data with a baryonic component, and neither datasets nor a statistical pipeline are attached to the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a rotation-curve likelihood against a public compilation such as SPARC (plus stacked dwarf kinematics), fitting the NMC-BEC profile family with standard stellar mass-to-light nuisance parameters, reusing an existing rotation-curve fitting framework rather than writing one from scratch.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_axion_curvaton_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-curvaton primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the PBH abundance bounds near the LIGO mass range (microlensing, Eridanus II, CMB accretion); the card marks likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes, since bounds quoted for monochromatic spectra must be recast for this model's extended mass function and the CMB accretion bounds are disputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the extended-mass-function recasting method of Carr et al. over a maintained bound compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds datasets for microlensing, dwarf-galaxy dynamical heating, and CMB accretion), returning f_PBH(M) constraints as an approximate likelihood with the disputed accretion bounds as a switchable systematic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_parametric_resonance_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation parametric-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the PBH abundance bounds near the LIGO mass range (microlensing, Eridanus II, CMB accretion); the card marks likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes, since bounds quoted for monochromatic spectra must be recast for this model's extended mass function and the CMB accretion bounds are disputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the extended-mass-function recasting method of Carr et al. over a maintained bound compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds datasets for microlensing, dwarf-galaxy dynamical heating, and CMB accretion), returning f_PBH(M) constraints as an approximate likelihood with the disputed accretion bounds as a switchable systematic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_01853_minimal_vector_fermion_multicomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal vector-fermion multicomponent dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.01853", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction target (0.1-1 cm^2/g at dwarf scales, avoiding ~10 cm^2/g at cluster scales) is only compared against quoted literature ranges; no velocity-dependent SIDM likelihood or simulation-calibrated halo-response mapping exists for this model's light-vector-mediated scattering.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the velocity-dependent transfer cross section across the Born/resonant regimes for the g_X, m_X parameter space and confront it with published velocity-binned SIDM constraints (dwarf, group, and cluster halo fits) via a likelihood over sigma_T/m(v), rather than a fixed-window cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_00609_resonant_self_interacting_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonant self-interacting dark matter with dark deuteron bound states", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.00609", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated likelihood or simulation suite maps the resonant velocity-dependent cross section sigma_elastic(v)/m of this large-scattering-length model onto dwarf, LSB, and cluster halo observables; current comparisons use order-of-magnitude SIDM target values with unquantified baryonic and halo-model systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the resonant sigma(v) = 4*pi*a^2/(1 + k^2 a^2) kernel in an SIDM-capable N-body code (e.g. the GIZMO or Arepo SIDM scattering modules) and run a controlled halo suite across dwarf-to-cluster masses, or calibrate a semi-analytic isothermal-Jeans SIDM likelihood (rotation-curve and cluster datasets) parameterized directly in (m, a).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1904_11993_heavy_adm_higgs_portal_wd_ignition_v1", "model_name": "Heavy asymmetric fermion dark matter with Higgs-mixed scalar portal white-dwarf ignition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.11993", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists that confronts predicted white-dwarf ignition or destruction rates with data: the card's only constraint entry is a placeholder with likelihood_available unknown, and no statistical comparison to observed old massive white dwarfs or the Type Ia supernova rate is available for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a survival-probability likelihood from a catalog of old, massive white dwarfs (e.g. the Gaia local white-dwarf sample with cooling ages) plus the observed Type Ia rate, expressed as a bound in the (m_X, sigma_nX) plane given the local dark matter density and velocity distribution, and publish it as a reusable module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_11993_heavy_adm_vector_portal_wd_ignition_v1", "model_name": "Heavy asymmetric fermion dark matter with vector portal white-dwarf ignition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.11993", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists that confronts predicted white-dwarf ignition or destruction rates with data for this model: the card's only constraint entry is a placeholder with likelihood_available unknown, and no statistical comparison to observed old massive white dwarfs or the Type Ia supernova rate is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a survival-probability likelihood from a catalog of old, massive white dwarfs (e.g. the Gaia local white-dwarf sample with cooling ages) plus the observed Type Ia rate, expressed as a bound in the (m_X, sigma_nX) plane for the vector-portal cross section, and publish it as a reusable module shared with the Higgs-portal variant of this model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1011_2217_boson_decay_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Boson-decay sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.2217", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-galaxy phase-space-density (Tremaine-Gunn-style) constraint on the boson-decay distribution has no likelihood (likelihood_available: unknown), and the evolution of the coarse-grained Q_cg is halo-history dependent, so the comparison is currently only an order-of-magnitude argument.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a phase-space likelihood comparing the primordial Q of f_BD(y) against measured dwarf-spheroidal coarse-grained phase-space densities, with a simulation-calibrated degradation factor for Q evolution during halo assembly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_14981_long_range_dark_nuggets_v1", "model_name": "Long-range dark nuggets", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14981", "score": 16.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood converts nugget-induced ignition rates into statistically quantified exclusions from observed white-dwarf survival, type-Ia-like supernova rates, and neutron-star superburst monitoring; only a source-level rate comparison exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a Poisson rate likelihood over catalogued old compact stars and transient survey exposures, with stellar population and local dark-matter density nuisance parameters, and release it in a standard recasting framework.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_mirrored_dirac_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored Dirac neutrino dark matter with B-prime-minus-L-prime annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Self-interaction constraints on nu' scattering through a massless or slightly broken B'-L' gauge boson (long-range dark force) have not been evaluated against halo-shape/merging-cluster data for this model; the card notes no self-interaction likelihood was run for this gauge channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the velocity-dependent nu'-nu' transfer cross section for the light B'-L' mediator (Born/classical/resonant regimes as appropriate) and confront it with standard sigma/m bounds from merging clusters and dwarf-galaxy halo profiles to bound (alpha_B'-L', m_Z'_B-L).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_red_tilt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation red-tilted primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the PBH abundance bounds near the LIGO mass range (microlensing, Eridanus II, CMB accretion); the card marks likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes, since bounds quoted for monochromatic spectra must be recast for this model's extended mass function and the CMB accretion bounds are disputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the extended-mass-function recasting method of Carr et al. over a maintained bound compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds datasets for microlensing, dwarf-galaxy dynamical heating, and CMB accretion), returning f_PBH(M) constraints as an approximate likelihood with the disputed accretion bounds as a switchable systematic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_running_mass_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Running-mass inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the PBH abundance bounds near the LIGO mass range (microlensing, Eridanus II, CMB accretion); the card marks likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes, since bounds quoted for monochromatic spectra must be recast for this model's extended mass function and the CMB accretion bounds are disputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the extended-mass-function recasting method of Carr et al. over a maintained bound compilation (e.g. the PBHbounds datasets for microlensing, dwarf-galaxy dynamical heating, and CMB accretion), returning f_PBH(M) constraints as an approximate likelihood with the disputed accretion bounds as a switchable systematic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 16, "rank_structure_formation": 3}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 92, "n_models": 89, "weight": 2283.4, "n_models_structure_formation": 20, "weight_structure_formation": 551.8, "severity_counts": {"minor": 5, "degrades_precision": 55, "blocks_key_observables": 31, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 35, "medium": 51, "large": 6}, "members": [{"model_id": "2205_12983_ultra_light_pion_baryon_wimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-Light Pion and Baryon WIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.12983", "score": 45, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical CMB isocurvature likelihood is implemented for the ULP misalignment initial conditions, so the H_inf/F_pi isocurvature bound exists only as the paper's analytic upper-limit formula.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ULP as an axion-like uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature component in CLASS or CAMB and evaluate the Planck isocurvature likelihood over (m_pi, F_pi, H_inf), packaging it as a reusable module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2001_01846_pq_dirac_neutrino_scalar_wimp_axion_v1", "model_name": "PQ Dirac-neutrino model with scalar WIMP and axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.01846", "score": 41.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged haloscope likelihood that applies the local axion-fraction rescaling Omega_a/Omega_CDM to ADMX-style exclusions exists for this multicomponent scenario; only raw exclusion curves assuming a full axion halo are available.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the public ADMX limit tables in a likelihood function that rescales the signal power by the axion density fraction and the model's DFSZ g_agamma, e.g. as a module in a global-fit framework such as GAMBIT's DarkBit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_07528_millicharged_cointeracting_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged co-interacting dark photon dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.07528", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable radio line-search likelihood exists for the Bose-enhanced dark-photon-to-photon conversion line: the SKA/LOFAR reach in the card is a one-hour sensitivity estimate without instrument response, foreground, or halo line-of-sight modeling packaged for reanalysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a radio line-search module that combines an NFW/halo line-of-sight emissivity integral for the conversion rate with published LOFAR/SKA noise curves and a Galactic synchrotron foreground model, exposing it as a frequentist sensitivity/likelihood function over (m_A', epsilon, f_chi, g_d), patterned on existing axion/dark-photon radio-line search pipelines.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_06560_blue_axion_photon_decay_v1", "model_name": "Blue axion with two-photon decay", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.06560", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihoods exist for the constraining data: HST 606 nm COB anisotropy, the LORRI diffuse-intensity measurement, and projected LIM sensitivities are available only as published bounds and scaling arguments (likelihood_available: no for all three), and the FIRAS photon-injection spectral-distortion constraint is only partially available and needs recasting into the eV-mass blue-axion decay history.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the HST anisotropy curve, the LORRI intensity 16.37 +/- 1.47 nW m^-2 sr^-1, and a FIRAS photon-injection recast (following the arXiv:2012.07292 low-mass treatment, e.g. via a spectral-distortion Green's-function solver) as likelihood modules over (m_a, tau_a, abundance fraction), plus a LIM forecast likelihood reproducing the 1e29/1e27 s reaches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_06216_irreducible_freeze_in_axion_background_v1", "model_name": "Irreducible freeze-in axion background", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.06216", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for recasting CMB energy-injection and cosmic-radiation-background photon-line/continuum decay limits onto a subdominant freeze-in axion population with nonthermal momentum distribution; the card lists likelihood_available: no for all constraints and only published limit curves as inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood that combines digitized X-ray/CRB decay limit tables with a CMB energy-injection calculation (e.g. DarkHistory or ExoCLASS with a decaying subcomponent) and rescales exclusion curves by the freeze-in fraction Omega_a/Omega_DM and decay epoch, exposed as a function of (m_a, g_a_gamma, g_ae, T_R).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_11470_massive_dark_photon_soliton_eft_v1", "model_name": "Massive dark photon soliton EFT", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.11470", "score": 35.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the narrow-band radio line from soliton decay: the card's constraints (resonant_decay_survival, ground_radio_frequency_floor) are analytic viability estimates with likelihood_available = no, and no radio-survey line-search likelihood is connected to the (m, g, distance) parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a matched-filter narrow-line likelihood from public low-frequency radio survey data (e.g. LOFAR/MWA spectral cubes), taking the predicted line frequency, bandwidth, and flux density as inputs and returning exclusion contours in (m, g).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_qcd_axion_saxion_decay_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hot-and-cold dark matter from saxion decay", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 35.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The motivating HDM constraint (Delta N_eff = 0.61 +/- 0.30, m_eff = 0.41 +/- 0.13 eV) is a historical 2013-era combined fit with no reusable likelihood; the card flags likelihood_available: no and states the target must be recast with current data before use.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the hot-axion parameter constraint with current Planck + BAO + weak-lensing likelihoods in Cobaya or MontePython, sampling over (Delta N_eff, m_eff) or directly over (f_a, T_sigma) once the CLASS implementation of gap_1 exists, and publish the resulting chains as a reusable likelihood surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_06952_electromagnetic_alp_misalignment_targets_v1", "model_name": "Electromagnetically coupled ALP misalignment dark matter targets", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.06952", "score": 35.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route only overlays digitized exclusion curves; there is no unified likelihood in the (m_a, g_agamma) plane combining haloscope, helioscope, and astrophysical photon-coupling constraints (the card marks likelihood_available unknown/no for both constraints), so target bands cannot be evaluated statistically or combined with the relic-density condition.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published limit and projection curves from community compilations of ALP-photon bounds into approximate per-experiment likelihood tables (treating each curve as a 95 percent CL boundary with documented assumptions on local density and line shape), and couple them to a misalignment relic solver so target-band membership becomes a joint likelihood evaluation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_01604_spectator_pq_ksvz_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axion dark matter with spectator PQ-field domain-wall solution", "family": "axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.01604", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline maps the spectator-suppressed axion isocurvature amplitude (as a function of H_I, f_a, S_I) onto the Planck CDM-isocurvature constraint, so the claimed viability of f_a ~ 1e12 GeV with H_I up to ~1e13 GeV cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the suppressed isocurvature power spectrum from the spectator background (delta a / a_i with S_I-enhanced effective decay constant during inflation), implement it as an uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature component in CLASS/CAMB, and evaluate against the Planck beta_iso likelihood (e.g. via MontePython/Cobaya), jointly with the misalignment Omega_a h^2 target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2112_11387_dark_axion_portal_mixed_axion_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Dark Axion Portal mixed axion-dark-photon dark matter", "family": "multi_component_axion_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.11387", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The 30-400 eV axion component's haloscope observability cannot be assessed: the batch did not reproduce haloscope sensitivity curves and the route lists the haloscope likelihood as unavailable, with no digitized sensitivity overlay for axion-photon conversion in this unusually high mass window.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize existing and projected axion-photon coupling sensitivities covering the eV-to-hundreds-of-eV range (e.g. from the AxionLimits compilation) and implement a simple overlay/likelihood that rescales them by f_ax = 0.9 for the mixed-abundance benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_07362_stochastic_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Stochastic QCD axion dark matter scenario", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.07362", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented joint CMB isocurvature plus primordial B-mode likelihood recast exists for the stochastic-axion parameterization (H_I, f_a, m_a): the card marks the isocurvature constraint as likelihood_available partial with recasting_needed yes, and states no CMB likelihood was rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the analytic stochastic-axion isocurvature amplitude P_S(H_I, f_a, m_a) into a Cobaya/MontePython run against the public Planck isocurvature and BICEP/Keck B-mode likelihoods, sampling jointly with the abundance requirement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_03627_hidden_monopole_axion_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden monopole dark matter via axion portal", "family": "hidden_monopole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.03627", "score": 32.9, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Delta N_eff ~ 0.6 prediction is only compared to quoted bounds; no CMB/BBN likelihood incorporating the model's hidden-photon dark-radiation history exists for a proper allowed-region determination or H0-tension assessment.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the hidden-photon energy density sourced by axion decay as an extra relativistic fluid in CLASS and evaluate it against the Planck (plus BBN) N_eff likelihood in Cobaya or MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1207_4858_supersymmetric_pq_axion_saxion_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Peccei-Quinn axion-saxion model with thermal saxion effects", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1207.4858", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood module exists to confront the model's Delta N_eff, entropy injection, and late saxion decays with current CMB and BBN data; the card records likelihood_available no/partial and recasting_needed for both constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a constraint module combining the Planck Delta N_eff posterior, AlterBBN/PArthENoPE light-element yields with energy injection from saxion decays, and relic-density consistency, callable on the Boltzmann-solver outputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_01457_planck_scale_axion_lump_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planck-scale axion fuzzy-lump dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.01457", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SPARC rotation-curve extraction of (m_a_e, M_e, r_B_e) has no public machine-readable likelihood, covariance, or fitting pipeline for the condensate-plus-halo lump profile, so the benchmark cannot be reproduced or turned into a statistical constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a fitting pipeline combining the public SPARC baryonic mass models with a Schrodinger-Poisson soliton solver (e.g. PyUltraLight-derived profiles) plus the model's virialized halo component, and publish the resulting chi-square likelihood over (m_a_e, M_e, r_B_e) and baryonic nuisance parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_subdominant_axino_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-dominant axino decay gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The overclosure/reheating and saxion constraints are hard analytic cuts and external requirements (likelihood_available no, saxion recasting_needed yes); no quantitative pipeline scans (m_axino, m_3/2, f_a, T_R) against modern relic-abundance, BBN, and N_eff data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's yield and lifetime formulas as a scan code with a joint likelihood over the Planck Omega_DM h^2 measurement, BBN late-decay bounds, and Planck N_eff, including a derived saxion abundance and decay history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_13445_mixed_cdm_ula_halo_model_v1", "model_name": "Mixed cold dark matter and ultralight axion halo model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.13445", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No survey likelihood pipeline exists for subcomponent ULA fractions: existing DES-Y1 plus Planck FDM constraints assume ULAs are all of the dark matter, and the route's likelihood step has no tool for propagating the mixed-model nonlinear P(k) into weak-lensing or clustering posteriors on (m_ax, Omega_ax/Omega_d).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap axionCAMB plus axionHMcode as a theory module in Cobaya or MontePython, interface it with DES/KiDS shear and galaxy-clustering likelihoods including baryonic-feedback marginalization, and rederive fraction-mass constraints for subdominant ULAs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_10263_light_rh_neutrino_lepto_axiogenesis_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light-right-handed-neutrino lepto-axiogenesis axion dark matter (freeze-in)", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.10263", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood evaluates the hot-axion dark radiation prediction against BBN plus CMB data for this scenario; the card carries only a quoted Delta N_eff > 0.17 exclusion label and a CMB-S4 0.06 projection, with the model-dependent KSVZ/DFSZ saxion branching not wired into any statistical pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's T_Saa and saxion branching ratios to Delta N_eff and evaluate it in an existing public BBN+CMB Neff likelihood (e.g. Planck chains via CLASS/MontePython or a PArthENoPE-based BBN module), including the CMB-S4 forecast for the projection region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_14586_bl_pq_inflection_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L inflection-point inflation with axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.14586", "score": 30.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the model's predictions to data: the axion-abundance/isocurvature and scalar-running comparisons are benchmark-only quotes, and no pipeline maps the inflection-point primordial spectrum (n_s, alpha_s at N=40) into the public Planck likelihood for a proper parameter-space constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model's primordial power-spectrum parameterization through CLASS/CAMB into the public Planck 2018 likelihood via Cobaya or MontePython, scanning the inflection-potential parameters, and add analytic priors for the isocurvature and SN1987A bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_07739_supersymmetric_flaxion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric flaxion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07739", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No experimental likelihood or recast exists for the flavored-axion K+ -> pi+ a signal; the card's kaon bound uses a quoted branching limit with no detector acceptance or likelihood (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: partial), so the f_a bound cannot be applied statistically across charge assignments.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast of the NA62 K+ -> pi+ + invisible search (efficiency and background tables) into a branching-ratio likelihood for a massless invisible pseudoscalar, parameterized by the flavor-changing coupling s-d/f_a, and attach it to the route as the rare_kaon_rate likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_07739_supersymmetric_flaxion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric flaxion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07739", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The inflationary consistency step records domain-wall/isocurvature status qualitatively; no computed axion isocurvature power spectrum or CMB isocurvature likelihood is wired to the route (recasting_needed: yes, likelihood_available: no), so the viable (f_a, theta_i, H_inf) region cannot be delineated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the flaxion isocurvature amplitude from the standard formula for a PQ field broken during inflation (including the sflaxion-modified f_a during inflation) and evaluate it against the Planck uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature likelihood (beta_iso bound), producing an analytic exclusion in the (f_a, theta_i, H_inf) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13959_quartic_2hdsmash_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quartic U(1)-breaking 2hdSMASH axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13959", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The axion relic abundance enters only as a qualitative v_S = O(1e9-1e10) GeV window with no relic-density likelihood and an unspecified PQ cosmology (pre- vs post-inflationary, initial angle treatment), so the dark-matter requirement cannot be imposed quantitatively on benchmark scans.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Omega_a h^2 over the v_S grid with a standard misalignment calculator (e.g. MiMeS with the QCD topological susceptibility) for the model's inflationary history, fixing the pre-/post-inflationary PQ-breaking branch implied by the inflation sector, and package the result as a relic-density likelihood on (v_S, theta_i).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_02993_anthropic_fuzzy_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anthropic fuzzy axion dark matter from inflationary Brownian misalignment", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.02993", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Ly-alpha forest likelihood exists for a subdominant ultralight axion fraction near m_phi ~ 10^-19 eV; existing bounds (m_a > 2e-20 eV) assume canonical all-ULA dark matter, so the anthropic partial-fraction scenario cannot be constrained quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an emulator-based ULA Ly-alpha analysis (Rogers-Peiris-style flux-power emulator built on hydrodynamic simulations) to a two-parameter (m_phi, Omega_phi/Omega_dm) grid using AxionCAMB mixed ULA+CDM transfer functions, and release the resulting likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_02993_anthropic_fuzzy_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anthropic fuzzy axion dark matter from inflationary Brownian misalignment", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.02993", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No statistical framework exists for the black-hole superradiance test at the goldilocks mass: turning ~10^7 M_sun SMBH spin measurements into a population-level detection/exclusion likelihood for an axion with GUT-scale f_phi, marginalizing over accretion-history and spin-measurement systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple an existing superradiance cloud-evolution calculator (e.g. SuperRad) to a hierarchical Bayesian SMBH spin-population model with self-consistent accretion priors, and publish spin-gap exclusion curves as a reusable likelihood in the m_phi-f_phi plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_06526_su5_pq_axion_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) x U(1)_PQ axion-inflation dark matter model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.06526", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The route has no ingested likelihoods: the Planck inflation posterior (for n_s, r, alpha_iso at k = 0.05 Mpc^-1), the axion relic/isocurvature band, and the Super-K/Hyper-K p -> e+ pi0 lifetime limit are only used as quoted ranges, so joint parameter-space evaluation of the shared (f_a, xi, lambda, M_R8) space cannot be done statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the public Planck 2018 inflation chains (or the plik-lite likelihood via Cobaya/MontePython) for the (n_s, r, alpha_iso) comparison and encode the published Super-K p -> e+ pi0 limit and Hyper-K sensitivity as one-dimensional lifetime likelihoods in the registry constraint format.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_00730_landau_ginzburg_self_interacting_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Landau-Ginzburg self-interacting scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00730", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No rotation-curve or core-size likelihood exists for the model's density-dependent-sound-speed solitonic cores; the paper's comparison to galactic data is qualitative, so (m, lambda_4, Lambda) cannot be constrained statistically.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood that fits the hydrostatic c_s(rho) core profiles plus an outer NFW envelope and baryonic components to a public rotation-curve sample such as SPARC, constraining the effective coupling and the 60 kpc core-size ceiling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_10857_2hdsmash_dfsz_axion_majoron_v1", "model_name": "2hdSMASH DFSZ axion-majoron dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.10857", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "None of the card's four constraints has a usable likelihood (likelihood_available is no or partial throughout), so SN1987A cooling, axion overabundance, inflation, and heavy-Higgs limits can only be applied as hard literature cuts rather than in a joint statistical scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a composite likelihood combining the SN1987A f_a bound, an Omega_a h^2 abundance target, Planck/BICEP inflation posteriors on (n_s, r, A_s), and collider heavy-Higgs limits via HiggsBounds, exposed in a global-fit framework such as GAMBIT.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_18397_defect_free_dark_photon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Defect-free dark photon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.18397", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood or detector-response recast exists connecting the model's cold dark-photon abundance to specific direct-detection datasets (radio-telescope monochromatic searches, haloscopes, heliospheric probes); the card records detector likelihoods as not extracted and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast pipeline from public dark-photon limit compilations (AxionLimits-style digitized curves plus published FAST/LOFAR/SKA1 sensitivity formulas) that maps (m_Aprime, epsilon, local density, coherence properties from the production spectrum) to exclusion/target statements.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_02614_quartic_scalar_soliton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-mass quartic self-interacting scalar dark-matter soliton", "family": "self_interacting_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.02614", "score": 28.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No galactic-center stellar-dynamics likelihood exists to quantitatively test the predicted soliton central density profile: the paper only asserts consistency, and the card marks likelihood_available as no with the mapping from stellar kinematics to an allowed central dark-matter density left as an assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a likelihood for the enclosed-mass profile near supermassive black holes from published S-star orbit fits and nuclear-star-cluster kinematics (Milky Way and selected external galaxies), including a marginalized baryonic mass model, and evaluate the soliton density profile against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_13145_kreuzer_skarke_axiverse_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kreuzer-Skarke type IIB axiverse dark matter ensemble", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13145", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No joint likelihood exists for the photon-coupling observables of a multi-axion population — CMB birefringence, X-ray spectral oscillations, helioscope and supernova bounds are available only as digitized single-axion exclusion curves, and the card notes experimental curves were not even digitized for this scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the AxionLimits compilation into a programmatic likelihood layer that evaluates each mass eigenstate's (m_a, g_agamma, f_s) against birefringence, X-ray oscillation, helioscope, and SN limits and combines them into an ensemble-level pass/fail or chi-square per KS toy model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_thermal_qcd_axion_domain_wall_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal QCD axion hot dark matter with domain-wall cold axions", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The motivating HDM target (Delta N_eff = 0.61 +/- 0.30, m_eff = 0.41 +/- 0.13 eV) is a historical fit with likelihood_available = 'no'; there is no current cosmological likelihood implementing the thermal-axion hot component, so the model cannot be tested against present CMB/LSS data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the thermal QCD axion as an extra non-cold relic (ncdm species with its decoupling-set temperature ratio) in CLASS or CAMB and recast the Delta N_eff / m_eff constraint with current Planck + BAO + weak-lensing likelihoods in Cobaya or MontePython, mapping the posterior back onto f_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_12130_vacuum_misalignment_composite_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite pNGB dark matter from vacuum-misalignment asymmetry", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12130", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stellar-cooling or supernova energy-loss likelihood exists for the light U(1)_X pseudoscalar with anomaly-induced electroweak couplings; the card only quotes bound-level statements (f > O(100) TeV for m_eta < 9 keV) without a reusable constraint object.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published stellar-evolution (HB/RGB) and SN 1987A axion-like-particle emission calculations onto the (m_eta, f) plane using the template anomaly coefficients, and package the result as a tabulated likelihood with a future-supernova sensitivity projection.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_1_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 1 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No axion direct-search likelihood is included for this model's ultralight window m_A ~ 1.9e-11 to 2.2e-9 eV, where NMR-type searches (CASPEr) rather than standard haloscopes apply, so the g_aX predictions cannot be confronted with experimental exclusions or projections.", "proposed_resolution": "Overlay the model's g_a_gamma, g_ae, and g_aN predictions on a maintained exclusion compilation (AxionLimits-style database including CASPEr, helioscope, and stellar-cooling curves) and package the comparison as a per-coupling likelihood or hard-cut recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_08407_time_varying_pq_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with time-varying Peccei-Quinn scale", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.08407", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined constraint pipeline maps the model's (f_PQ^0, n_r/n_a, thermalization rate) onto digitized CAST, stellar-cooling, supernova, and cosmological axion limits; the narrow f_PQ ~ 1e8 GeV window from the primary paper exists only as an undigitized figure.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast that combines AxionLimits-style digitized CAST and stellar/SN g_agamma bounds with a radial-mode cosmology module (dark-radiation and thermalization constraints as a function of n_r/n_a), reproducing and then generalizing the primary paper's allowed f_PQ window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_heavy_axino_decay_axion_wino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB axion-wino dark matter from heavy axino decay", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct and indirect wino-detection constraints exist only as paper reach curves; no machine-readable experiment likelihood is available for sigma_SI and indirect rates rescaled by the local wino fraction in the mixed axion/wino scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the wino direct-detection prediction through a public likelihood package such as DDCalc with current xenon-experiment likelihoods, adding a local-fraction rescaling parameter xi_wino for the mixed axion/wino composition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_21_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 2.1 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Neither a CMB isocurvature likelihood nor axion haloscope/helioscope/NMR direct-search likelihoods are connected to the route; constraints con_so10_relic_history (likelihood_available: no) and con_so10_coupling_bounds (partial) are recorded only as recast targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the model's (m_A, g_a_gamma, g_ae, g_aN) output with a maintained axion search-limit database (AxionLimits-style exclusion curves for ADMX, IAXO, ARIADNE targets) and with the Planck isocurvature likelihood in Cobaya/MontePython, using the source paper's coupling normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_22_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 2.2 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No axion search likelihood is included for the m_A ~ 3.8e-7 to 0.5 eV window, where haloscope, helioscope, and fifth-force limits and projections should constrain the model's g_aX couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Overlay the model's g_a_gamma, g_ae, and g_aN predictions on a maintained exclusion compilation (AxionLimits-style database including ADMX-type haloscopes, IAXO/CAST, and stellar-cooling curves) and package the comparison as a per-coupling likelihood or hard-cut recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_31_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 3.1 scalar-singlet axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No axion direct-search likelihood is included for the model's broad QCD-axion mass range, so the g_aX predictions cannot be confronted with haloscope, helioscope, or stellar-cooling exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Overlay the model's g_a_gamma, g_ae, and g_aN predictions on a maintained exclusion compilation (AxionLimits-style database of haloscope, helioscope, and stellar-cooling curves) and package the comparison as a per-coupling likelihood or hard-cut recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_32_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 3.2 scalar-singlet plus 10_F axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Axion haloscope/helioscope/NMR and stellar-cooling exclusions are recorded only as recast targets; no likelihood exists that takes the model's predicted (m_A, g_a_gamma, g_ae, g_aN) window and returns quantitative search constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood layer over a public axion-limit compilation (AxionLimits-style digitized exclusion curves for ADMX, CAST, stellar cooling) that interpolates limits at the model's SO(10)-predicted coupling ratios and returns exclusion status per (m_A, f_A) point.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04677_qcd_axion_strings_post_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary QCD axion dark matter from string-network radiation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04677", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No released likelihood or pipeline converts the string+misalignment+domain-wall axion number density into a target m_a with quantified uncertainty for laboratory search planning; abundance matching is currently a by-hand estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the mass-abundance relation as a small public code that takes the emission-spectrum parameters (q, xi) and QCD topological susceptibility chi(T) as inputs and returns Omega_a h2(m_a, f_a) with an uncertainty band, exposing a Gaussian relic-abundance likelihood against the Planck Omega_DM h2 measurement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_11176_dark_qcd_pi_axiverse_v1", "model_name": "Dark-QCD pi-axiverse", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.11176", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recasting module maps existing haloscope, axion-photon, and oscillating-fine-structure-constant search limits onto a multi-component pi-axion mixture in which each species carries its own mass, parity assignment, photon coupling, and local density fraction; published limits assume a single axion making up all local dark matter.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer on top of a public axion-limit compilation (AxionLimits-style datasets plus experiment-specific likelihoods where released) that rescales each experiment's reach by the species' local fraction rho_i/rho_DM and separates parity-odd and parity-even coupling channels, exposing exclusion in the (epsilon, F_pi, m_i) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13821_alp_gravitational_reheating_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle misalignment during gravitational reheating", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13821", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood package exists for this model's constraint set: the haloscope exclusion/projection curves are only plotted, and the BBN/CMB Delta N_eff bound on the integrated GW energy is applied approximately rather than through a packaged likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the digitized axion-photon exclusion curves from the public AxionLimits compilation plus a Delta N_eff likelihood (Gaussian on the quoted 0.3 current / 0.06 CMB-S4 bounds applied to the integrated Omega_GW) into a scriptable constraint module over (m_a, f_a, c_gamma, k, T_RH).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13821_qcd_axion_gravitational_reheating_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion misalignment during gravitational reheating", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13821", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood package exists for this model's constraint set: the haloscope exclusion/projection curves are only plotted, and the BBN/CMB Delta N_eff bound on the integrated GW energy (which rules out the minimal reheating branch) is applied approximately rather than through a packaged likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the digitized axion-photon exclusion curves from the public AxionLimits compilation plus a Delta N_eff likelihood (Gaussian on the quoted 0.3 current / 0.06 CMB-S4 bounds applied to the integrated Omega_GW) into a scriptable constraint module over (f_a, c_gamma, k, T_RH, xi_h) with the minimal-branch exclusion flagged automatically.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_5851_post_inflation_string_wall_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflation N_DW=1 QCD axion dark matter with string-wall decay production", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5851", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No haloscope or astrophysical-cooling likelihood exists on the card to evaluate the predicted m_a ~ 1e-3 to 1e-2 eV window; the recasting step requires an explicit KSVZ/DFSZ coupling choice that the primary simulation does not fix, and both quoted constraints have likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood module that maps (m_a, F_a) to g_agamma for the KSVZ and DFSZ benchmark couplings and evaluates published haloscope exclusion data and stellar/SN1987A cooling bounds over the predicted mass window, releasing it as a reusable axion-window likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_06382_string_axiverse_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "String-axiverse misalignment dark matter parameterization", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.06382", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged pipeline connects the string-prior parameterization (M_susy, S, theta_i) through the uncorrelated axion isocurvature amplitude to a current Planck isocurvature likelihood; the paper's analysis used a quoted Planck 2015 bound rather than a reusable likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure CLASS with an uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature mode scaled to the axion fraction, couple it to the Planck 2018 likelihood in MontePython (the sampler already used by the paper), and expose the string-prior parameters as sampling parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_01772_adjoint_su5_ksvz_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Adjoint SU(5) KSVZ QCD axion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.01772", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable exclusion or projection likelihood exists for the ABRACADABRA-like axion-photon search or the CASPEr-Electric nucleon-EDM search in this model's (3-13)e-9 eV window; the comparison is currently a figure-level overlay of digitized projection curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published ABRACADABRA and CASPEr-Electric sensitivity curves (or take them from the AxionLimits compilation) and package them as simple exclusion/projection likelihoods in (m_a, g_agamma) and (m_a, g_aD) usable by the registry pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_13337_large_extra_dimension_kk_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-extra-dimension Kaluza-Klein axion dark matter with trapped solar modes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13337", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectral likelihood exists for the SphinX quiet-Sun deep-solar-minimum x-ray data against which the trapped KK-axion two-photon decay spectrum must be compared; the current exclusion is a flux-overshoot argument without a quiet-Sun background model or statistical treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a binned Poisson/Gaussian likelihood from the SphinX 1-6 keV quiet-Sun spectrum with a parameterized quiet-Sun thermal background, taking the trapped-nugget decay-line forest (summed over KK modes weighted by trapped density) as the signal template; release it as a standalone module keyed to (g_agamma, R, delta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_17212_anomaly_free_axion_3hdm_bl_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free axion dark matter in a 3HDM with B-L Higgs fields", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.17212", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood for the axio-electric signal of a keV anomaly-free axion with fractional local DM abundance; the card records that no XENON1T fit was rerun and the constraint is only a literature target.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the public XENON1T (and updated XENONnT) electron-recoil data release with the axio-electric cross section parameterized by (m_a, g_ae, f_a_DM), reproducing the published ALP fit of the excess as a validation point.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_17212_anomaly_free_axion_3hdm_bl_v1", "model_name": "Anomaly-free axion dark matter in a 3HDM with B-L Higgs fields", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.17212", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No X-ray decay-line pipeline encoding halo D-factors and instrument response exists for the threshold/mixing-induced g_agamma of this anomaly-free axion, so the keV a -> gamma gamma line prediction cannot be compared quantitatively to X-ray line searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decay-line flux model (NFW/cored D-factors for the Galactic halo and clusters) and recast published XMM-Newton/NuSTAR/Chandra blank-sky line limits, with eROSITA/XRISM/ATHENA projections, as a likelihood over (m_a, g_agamma).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9908515_extra_dimensional_axion_kk_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Extra-dimensional brane axion Kaluza-Klein dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9908515", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern likelihood recasts the summed two-photon decay flux of the long-lived KK axion population against current keV-MeV diffuse X-ray/gamma background data and CMB spectral-distortion limits; the card records only source-era analytic bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a line-plus-continuum decaying-DM photon-background likelihood from current diffuse X-ray/gamma measurements (Chandra/NuSTAR/INTEGRAL/COMPTEL-class compilations) and COBE-FIRAS mu/y limits, taking the tower-summed injection history from the gap_1 tool as input and returning bounds in the (T_R, Br, f_PQ) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_06473_brickred_axion_neutrino_mediators_v1", "model_name": "BrickRed KSVZ axion with colored neutrino-mass mediators", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.06473", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood or imported exclusion data exists for comparing the BrickRed (m_a, g_a_gamma) bands to CAST, ADMX, HAYSTAC, CAPP, RBF and projected IAXO/MADMAX sensitivities, or for the Planck isocurvature and black-hole-superradiance filters; all three constraints are marked likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the community-digitized axion exclusion curves (AxionLimits-style compilation) plus the Planck isocurvature amplitude bound and published superradiance mass bands, and wrap them as step-function/Gaussian likelihoods over (m_a, g_a_gamma, H_I, f_a) so BrickRed charge assignments can be scored automatically.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_axino_lsp_axion_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB axino-LSP mixed axion/axino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The ADMX-like axion-detection prospect at large f_a/N has no likelihood attached: the card supplies no haloscope sensitivity mapping for the axion-dominated regions, and detectability depends on the relic axion fraction Omega_a/Omega_DM which the route computes only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Tabulate published ADMX (and successor haloscope) exclusion limits in (m_a, g_agammagamma) rescaled by the model's local axion fraction from gap_1's abundance code, giving a reusable likelihood for the axion-dominated large-f_a/N region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1708_05008_qcd_axion_dark_photon_depletion_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark-photon depletion model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1708.05008", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model's Delta N_eff and modified axion isocurvature predictions are not interfaced to Planck (or forecast CMB-S4) likelihoods, so the neff_dark_radiation_bound and axion_isocurvature_bound_relaxed constraints are applied only as quoted literature limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the depletion-model outputs (Delta N_eff, isocurvature amplitude after depletion) as derived parameters in a Cobaya/MontePython pipeline using the public Planck N_eff and isocurvature likelihoods, plus a CMB-S4 Fisher forecast at sigma(Delta N_eff) ~ 1e-2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_05771_warm_inflation_pq_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with Peccei-Quinn breaking during warm inflation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.05771", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline connects the model's scale-dependent axion isocurvature spectrum (suppressed at CMB scales, few-percent on small scales) to the Planck isocurvature likelihood; the card's Planck constraint has likelihood_available unknown and recasting_needed partial, so viability in the (f_a, N_c) plane is asserted rather than computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's isocurvature power spectrum as a CDM-isocurvature initial condition in CLASS/CAMB and evaluate it against the Planck 2018 TTTEEE isocurvature likelihood via Cobaya/MontePython, scanning transition e-fold and f_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_01327_axionlike_dark_matter_electroweak_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Axionlike dark matter electroweak cogenesis model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.01327", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists for the photophobic-longevity and electron-EDM consistency constraint: the card records likelihood_available=no and only qualitative excluded regions in (m_phi, f, ALP-photon coupling, ALP-Higgs mixing).", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published ALP-photon astrophysical bounds (AxionLimits compilations) and the ACME/JILA electron-EDM limits into a joint likelihood over (m_phi, f, theta_mix, anomaly charges), evaluated for the photophobic UV charge assignments the paper sketches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_09610_dfsz_axion_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axion model with electroweak-scale scalar sector", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09610", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The astrophysical axion constraints are available only as a hard 10^8-10^17 GeV window on f_a, with no likelihood over (f_a, couplings) that reflects the DFSZ-specific photon and electron couplings.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published stellar-cooling, SN 1987A, and haloscope exclusion curves into a joint likelihood evaluated at the DFSZ g_agamma and g_ae predictions, replacing the flat f_a window in the recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9804291_hadronic_axion_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hadronic axion hot dark matter in the hadronic axion window", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9804291", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the hadronic-axion window: the stellar/solar/supernova constraint set (hadronic_axion_window) has likelihood_available 'no', and the modern thermal-axion cosmology bound is only 'partial', so the modern_bound_overlay recasting step cannot be run as a joint likelihood over (f_a, m_a, C_a) including the reheating-history dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published thermal-axion CMB/LSS posterior chains (Planck+LSS thermal axion analyses) and the stellar/solar/supernova exclusion curves into a MontePython/Cobaya likelihood module parameterized by (m_a, f_a, C_a, T_reheat), with a switch between standard and low-reheating thermalization histories.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_06071_qcd_axion_hilltop_phase_shift_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hilltop dark matter from heavy-axion phase shift", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.06071", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged CMB isocurvature likelihood is available for the recast: the card only carries the scalar bound P_S < 8.4e-11, whereas hilltop initial conditions produce enhanced, potentially non-Gaussian isocurvature whose constraint should come from an actual Planck isocurvature likelihood rather than a single-number cut.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the Planck uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature likelihood (beta_iso constraint) as a callable module mapping (f_a, theta_i, H_inf) -> P_S -> delta-chi2, including the non-Gaussian hilltop correction to the isocurvature statistics derived in the hilltop-axion literature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_07232_susy_dfsz_late_decaying_gravitino_axino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ late-decaying gravitino/axino dark matter", "family": "superwimp_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07232", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level recast connects the predicted MeV axion flux from late gravitino/axino decay to an inverse-Primakoff event rate and exclusion in Hyper-Kamiokande or liquid-xenon experiments: existing axion analyses target solar keV axions, not a monochromatic MeV cosmic flux, and the card records no likelihood for con_late_decay_bbn_axion_final_state.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the inverse-Primakoff cross section on water and xenon at MeV energies, fold in the decay-produced axion flux for the lifetime contours (10^12 s to 10^22 s), and recast published Hyper-K/Super-K and XENONnT/LZ single-scatter data into an exclusion in the (tau, R, g_agamma) plane, packaged as a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_03518_corrected_alp_pq_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with radiative, thermal, and geometric PQ-field corrections", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.03518", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only an approximate analytic H_I/S_i isocurvature bound exists (likelihood_available is partial); there is no recast of the evolving-PQ-field isocurvature spectrum into the Planck isocurvature likelihood for mixed cold/warm axion components.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the model's isocurvature power spectrum from the PQ-field evolution and map it onto the Planck CDI-isocurvature likelihood (e.g. via CLASS + MontePython/Cobaya), including the ALP dark-matter fraction as a nuisance direction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1103_5413_pqmssm_mixed_axion_neutralino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "PQ-augmented MSSM mixed axion/neutralino cold dark matter", "family": "multi_component_axion_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1103.5413", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern likelihood pipeline exists for the route's constraints: the relic target is the quoted WMAP7 value rather than a Planck-era likelihood, the BBN bound is a hard T_D > 2 MeV threshold instead of a reaction-network calculation of hadronic/electromagnetic injection from axino/saxion decays, and the Delta N_eff constraint requires an un-performed recast (all three constraints have likelihood_available no or partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the WMAP7 target with the Planck 2018 Omega_DM h^2 likelihood, couple the computed axino/saxion decay temperatures and hadronic branching fractions to a BBN injection code (e.g. AlterBBN or PRIMAT with late-decay modules) to replace the 2 MeV threshold, and map the predicted Delta N_eff onto the Planck N_eff posterior.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_1262_susy_axion_hybrid_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "SUSY axion hybrid-inflation model with saxion-diluted axion dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.1262", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN/N_eff likelihood exists for an MeV-scale saxion matter-domination-and-decay history with a nonthermal relativistic axion component, so both the bbn_check and radiation_branching steps reduce to threshold triage instead of quantitative exclusion contours in (T_sigma, B_sigma_to_aa).", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the saxion decay history with a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PArthENoPE) modified for late entropy injection plus a Planck Delta N_eff likelihood, or digitize published low-reheating-temperature BBN constraints and free-streaming Delta N_eff bounds into a reusable likelihood parameterized by (T_sigma, B_sigma_to_aa).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_04287_vector_coherent_oscillation_curvaton_v1", "model_name": "Vector coherent-oscillation dark matter with curvaton-generated curvature perturbations", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04287", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood evaluates a nearly scale-invariant, statistically anisotropic dark-matter isocurvature spectrum (the model's smoking-gun signature) against CMB data; the card's cons_2303_cmb_iso_aniso is only 'approximate' and the route caveat notes a modern likelihood update is needed for current exclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the quadrupolar (g_*-type) anisotropic isocurvature transfer in a modified CLASS/CAMB plus a Planck-likelihood MCMC recast, extending the existing Planck axion-isocurvature and statistical-anisotropy analyses to the correlated anisotropic CDM-isocurvature case parameterized by (m_A, H_inf, R_A, Gamma_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_04678_heavy_qcd_axion_level_crossing_v1", "model_name": "Heavy QCD axion dark matter from sterile-axion avoided level crossing", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.04678", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB isocurvature likelihood evaluation exists for this model: the sterile-axion fluctuations inherited through the level crossing have not been propagated to an isocurvature amplitude, and the card records likelihood_available unknown with no full CMB scan performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Evolve the spatial perturbation modes through the crossing with the same two-field solver as gap_1 (the card notes they obey the same linear equations as the homogeneous fields), compute the CDM isocurvature fraction as a function of H_I and theta_S,0, and constrain it with the public Planck isocurvature likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_06441_qcd_axion_curvature_pq_breaking_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with curvature-induced PQ breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.06441", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No axion isocurvature likelihood is wired in: the constraint is applied only as the quoted Planck isocurvature-fraction number, with no mapping from the model's predicted beta_iso and axion DM fraction to a proper CMB likelihood including inflationary priors on H_I.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the predicted uncorrelated CDM isocurvature amplitude into the standard Planck 2018 isocurvature parameterization and evaluate it with an existing CLASS/CAMB plus Planck likelihood pipeline (MontePython/Cobaya), optionally adding future CMB tensor sensitivity curves for the joint r-plus-haloscope test.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06741_gravity_reheating_qcd_axion_relic_v1", "model_name": "Gravity-reheating QCD axion relic", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.06741", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public GW forecast pipeline computes the primordial tensor spectrum through the gravity-governed reheating epoch that fixes the axion relic and evaluates it against ET/BBO/DECIGO noise curves, so the headline forecast (ET probing 1e9 <= f_a <= 1e14 GeV at SNR > 10 for xi = 1) cannot be reproduced or extended to other (theta_i, xi, T_rh) choices.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the tensor transfer function for the model's reheating equation of state (shared with the paper's RHN scenario), couple it to the misalignment abundance calculation so that f_a and the GW spectrum are computed from the same history, and wrap with published mission PSDs in a Fisher/MCMC forecast code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503057_axion_trapping_cosmic_string_wakes_v1", "model_name": "Axion trapping by cosmic string wakes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503057", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No CMB/LSS likelihood exists for sheet-like axion isocurvature fluctuations or for the associated subdominant string-wake contribution; the route lists only a 'future CMB/LSS isocurvature or defect likelihood' and both constraints have likelihood_available no.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the evolved sheet statistics exist, derive their contribution to the matter power spectrum and CMB anisotropies and implement it as a template likelihood against Planck string/isocurvature bounds and small-scale structure data, updating the WMAP-era defect limit cited in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_0221_model_independent_string_qcd_axion_domain_wall_one_v1", "model_name": "Model-independent string QCD axion with domain wall number one", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.0221", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented joint likelihood combining CMB isocurvature bounds and the axion relic-density target for this construction; the card's constraints rest on BICEP2-era numbers and the route's likelihood step is a planned recast only, so current-data exclusion contours in (H_inf, f_a, misalignment angle) cannot be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the analytic isocurvature amplitude and the defect-plus-misalignment Omega_a h^2 prediction into a Cobaya/MontePython pipeline using the public Planck CDM-isocurvature likelihood and the Planck Omega_DM h^2 measurement, replacing the BICEP2-era tensor inputs with current Planck/BK constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_08231_qcd_axion_stochastic_window_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with quasi-flat stochastic inflationary misalignment", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.08231", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline maps the non-equilibrium (quasi-flat) end-of-inflation axion distribution into isocurvature power P_S and confronts it jointly with Planck isocurvature and tensor (r_0.002) constraints; only equilibrium-distribution isocurvature bounds exist in the literature.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the isocurvature power spectrum from the quasi-flat theta_end distribution (including the hilltop enhancement), feed it as a CDM-isocurvature component into CLASS/CAMB, and build a recast against the public Planck 2018 + BK inflation likelihood over (f_a, H_end).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_2326_pq_mssm_axino_thermal_inflation_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "PQ-extended MSSM axino dark matter with thermal inflation", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.2326", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood mapping exists between this model's axion subcomponent (cold misalignment plus possible hot axions from flaton decay) and the thermal hot-axion cosmological limits cited in the card, which apply to fully thermalized eV axions rather than the model's mixed population.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the model's thermal-axion fraction after flaton decay and entropy dilution, then recast it through an existing hot-dark-matter fraction likelihood (Planck-era thermal-axion analyses implemented in MontePython/Cobaya) instead of applying the eV thermal-axion mass bound directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_2420_ussm_a_neutralino_gauged_axion_v1", "model_name": "USSM-A neutralino dark matter with gauged axion", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.2420", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No likelihood exists for the combined constraint set: the WMAP-era relic-density comparison has not been updated to Planck, and the CAST helioscope bound on the axion-gauge coupling is not digitized into a usable exclusion in the (m_a, M_St) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a simple joint likelihood using the Planck 2018 Omega_c h^2 measurement as a Gaussian target and digitized CAST (plus modern helioscope/haloscope) exclusion curves mapped onto the model's M_St-suppressed coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1212_5647_axion_mediated_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion-mediated singlet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "axion_mediated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.5647", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider constraint rests on the paper's 8 TeV monophoton recast with only a partial likelihood; no Run 2 (13 TeV) monophoton-plus-MET recast of the axion-like mediator with its electroweak branching structure is implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate mediator-plus-photon production with MadGraph using the FeynRules EFT model and recast current ATLAS/CMS 13 TeV monophoton searches via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, including invisible and electroweak-boson decay branches of the mediator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_4138_pq_scotogenic_mixed_axion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Peccei-Quinn scotogenic mixed axion-WIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4138", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No haloscope likelihood exists for the axion component in the mixed regime: ADMX-class sensitivity assumes the axion is all of the local dark matter, and no packaged likelihood rescales the reach by the axion fraction Omega_a/Omega_DM predicted jointly with the WIMP component.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble published ADMX (and other haloscope) exclusion curves into a likelihood parameterized by (m_a, g_agammagamma, local axion fraction), with the fraction supplied by the misalignment estimate of step r1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_07865_string_axion_pbh_coexistence_dm_v1", "model_name": "String axion dark matter coexisting with O(10) solar-mass primordial black holes", "family": "string_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.07865", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Planck isocurvature bound is applied only as the analytic scaling H_inf < 1e9 GeV (f_a/1e16 GeV)^0.405 quoted from the literature; no CMB isocurvature likelihood is rerun for this axion-fraction and double-inflation spectrum, so the bound cannot be updated or applied when the axion is subdominant.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the axion isocurvature amplitude for the model's (f_a, theta, H_inf) in CAMB/CLASS with an uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature mode and run against the Planck likelihood, parameterized by the axion dark-matter fraction so the bound generalizes beyond the all-axion assumption.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_07176_qcd_axion_early_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with early matter domination", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07176", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB isocurvature likelihood recast exists for the EMD-modified relation between (f_a, theta_i, H_I) and the axion isocurvature fraction; the existing bounds assume standard cosmological history and cannot be copied directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the EMD-modified isocurvature amplitude beta_iso(f_a, theta_i, T_R, H_I) using the gap_1 relic solver, then evaluate it against the Planck isocurvature likelihood (uncorrelated CDM isocurvature mode in the standard Planck chains) to produce exclusion contours in the (H_I, f_a) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_extended_e_i_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion extended model E_I with vectorlike matter and mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented likelihood exists for the final recast step: the LZ spin-independent limit is not reproduced as a likelihood for the xi_LSP-rescaled Higgsino cross section, and the compiled CAST/ADMX/haloscope axion-photon curves used for the E_I g_Agamma target are not digitized into a usable exclusion function.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the LZ limit via a public direct-detection likelihood package (e.g. DDCalc-style) with the local-fraction rescaling xi_LSP = Omega_LSP/Omega_DM applied to the event rate, and digitize the standard axion-photon limit compilation into (m_A, g_Agamma) exclusion curves evaluated at the E_I E/N value.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_02122_kalb_ramond_gravitational_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kalb-Ramond gravitational axion dark matter from heavy sterile fermions", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.02122", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for recasting the KR axion into ALP cosmology constraints: both card constraints have likelihood_available no/unknown, so relic-density, structure, and isocurvature bounds can only be compared by eye against generic ALP exclusion plots.", "proposed_resolution": "Once gap_1 supplies (m_b, Omega_b_axion, isocurvature amplitude), wire these into existing public ALP constraint compilations (AxionLimits-style curves plus the Planck isocurvature likelihood) as a composite likelihood over (m_N, f_b, initial displacement).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_10805_ulap_oscillon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ULAP oscillon dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.10805", "score": 20.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood is available to constrain the oscillon-modified ULAP power spectrum; published FDM bounds (m_FDM > 20-37.5 x 1e-22 eV) assume standard homogeneous fuzzy-DM transfer functions and cannot be applied without recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the XQ-100 plus HIRES/MIKE flux-power analysis with hydrodynamical simulations (or an emulator such as a LaCE-type framework) run on oscillon-modified initial power spectra, marginalizing over the IGM thermal history as in the original FDM analysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1503_02953_dfsz_axion_higgs_model_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axion-Higgs model with small singlet-doublet coupling", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.02953", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Astrophysical axion constraints (stellar cooling, SN1987A, haloscopes) are applied only as a quoted lower scale on v_phi; no likelihood over (m_a, g_agamma, g_ae, g_aN) exists for the DFSZ coupling pattern, so the constraint cannot enter a joint fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published bound curves compiled in AxionLimits into approximate likelihoods for the DFSZ E/N = 8/3 coupling pattern (including the tan-beta dependence of g_ae), packaged as a function of (f_a, tan beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07263_planet_9_axion_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Planet 9 axion-star dark matter subcomponent", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07263", "score": 20.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No radio line-search likelihood or sensitivity pipeline exists for a narrow axion-decay line from a single localized outer-Solar-System source: the card records FAST/SKA detectability only as quoted sensitivity estimates with likelihood_available: no and no telescope pipeline run.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a point-source narrow-line sensitivity model for FAST and SKA1-Low/Mid (system temperature, bandwidth matched to the line width, integration time) and wrap it as a likelihood over (m_a, f_a, r_9), reusing existing radio axion-line search frameworks developed for neutron-star axion searches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_02080_axiogenesis_rotating_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Axiogenesis rotating QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.02080", "score": 20.1, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or recast module maps the favored small-f_a window (1e6-1e8 GeV) onto haloscope/helioscope exclusions with this model's anomaly coefficients, nor onto collider constraints for the 1-10 TeV states invoked to raise the weak transition temperature.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the digitized g_a_gamma and axion-matter-coupling exclusions from the public AxionLimits compilation into a likelihood keyed to (m_a, anomaly coefficients), and add LHC electroweak-state search limits for the 1-10 TeV spectrum variants.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_darkly_charged_mirror_relics_v1", "model_name": "Darkly charged mirror-sector relics in a visible heavy QCD axion model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB energy-injection likelihood exists for Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation of mirror charged relics into the heavy QCD axion; the current bound is a generic <sigma v> constraint scaled with an assumed f_eff = 0.1 and (Omega_i/Omega_DM)^2, not a Planck recast for axion-to-hadronic deposition.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the axion decay cascade spectra (e.g. with HDMSpectra-style tools for hadronic final states), derive f_eff(z) with DarkHistory or ExoCLASS including the velocity-dependent Sommerfeld factor, and build a Planck ionization-history likelihood for each relic component.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_04197_misaligned_axion_chern_simons_condensate_v1", "model_name": "Misaligned axion Chern-Simons condensate model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04197", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged pipeline maps (m_a, g, axion fraction) to CMB EB/TB spectra and a birefringence likelihood for this model; the con_cmb_birefringence_recast constraint is marked recast-required with only a partial likelihood and no model-specific beta(z,nu) computation.", "proposed_resolution": "Once beta(z) is derived (gap_1), implement the rotation in a modified CLASS/CAMB polarization module and recast the published Planck/WMAP isotropic-birefringence rotation-angle posteriors (Minami-Komatsu-style EB analyses) into a likelihood over g and m_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03776_ultralight_pngb_strong_gravity_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight real pNGB dark matter for strong-gravity scenarios", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03776", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB isocurvature constraint on the pre-inflationary scenario is applied only as an approximate H_I/v_Phi restriction; no isocurvature likelihood has been evaluated for the model's (theta_i, v_Phi, H_I) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's predicted uncorrelated CDM isocurvature amplitude onto the Planck beta_iso likelihood (standard axion-isocurvature recast) to obtain quantitative allowed regions in (m_eta, v_Phi, H_I).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_18524_pq_inflation_axion_dm_higher_dimensional_v1", "model_name": "PQ inflation axion dark matter with higher-dimensional operators", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.18524", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline exists that confronts this model's joint predictions (tensor-to-scalar ratio, axion isocurvature fraction, theta_min quality violation, domain-wall consistency) with Planck CMB and neutron-EDM data; the card records likelihood_available no/partial and recasting_needed yes for the corresponding constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module that maps (f, xi, lambda, g, l, N_DW) to (r, beta_iso, theta_min) and evaluates them against the public Planck inflation/isocurvature likelihoods and the published neutron-EDM bound on theta, packaged for a sampler such as Cobaya or MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_11837_palatini_higgs_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Palatini-Higgs QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.11837", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No recast pipeline connects the Palatini-Higgs spectator-axion parameters (H_*, v_PQ, theta_i) to the Planck cold-dark-matter isocurvature likelihood; only the paper's analytic comparison to published beta_iso limits exists, so the critical CMB isocurvature observable cannot be evaluated numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a thin Cobaya/CosmoMC theory module that computes the axion isocurvature amplitude beta_iso(H_*, v_PQ, theta_i) from the standard spectator-field formula and evaluates it against the public Planck likelihood with a CDM-isocurvature extension of CAMB/CLASS.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_09389_reheating_induced_inflaxion_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheating-induced inflaxion axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.09389", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No isocurvature likelihood recast exists for this low-scale inflaxion scenario: the card flags likelihood_available 'partial' with recasting_needed 'yes', so the claimed isocurvature relief cannot be quantitatively confronted with Planck.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the model's dark-matter isocurvature amplitude as a function of H_inf and the reheating-fixed misalignment angle, then map it onto the Planck 2018 beta_iso bound (directly, or via a CLASS+MontePython run with CDM isocurvature initial conditions).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_07406_minimal_pq_axion_texture_zero_v1", "model_name": "Minimal PQ axion model for five-texture-zero fermion mass matrices", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07406", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined f_a window from black-hole superradiance, SN1987A, and neutron-EDM considerations is a quoted range with no reproducible likelihood, so the astrophysical constraint on this model cannot be re-evaluated or combined statistically with search data.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published SN1987A axion-nucleon cooling limits and black-hole superradiance exclusions using this model's derived coupling ratios, encoding them as parameterized likelihood curves in f_a alongside the neutron-EDM bound instead of a fixed interval.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1607_04294_dynamical_decay_constant_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with a dynamical decay constant", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.04294", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No route connects the model's central prediction (modified axion isocurvature perturbations for high-scale inflation) to CMB data: the card contains no isocurvature observable, derived spectrum, or comparison against the Planck isocurvature bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the isocurvature power amplitude for the dynamical-f scenario (fluctuations imprinted at f_inf and rescaled by the subsequent f evolution) and evaluate it against the public Planck CDM-isocurvature likelihood as a function of (H_inf, f_inf/f0, n).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08188_one_hz_alp_two_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-axion 1 Hz ALP dark matter with low-scale inflation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08188", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the model's direct-detection signature: an m_a ~ 1e-15 eV ALP oscillating at 1 Hz with photon, gluon/EDM, nucleon, and lepton couplings; the card's single constraint entry is a placeholder with likelihood_available unknown and no packaged experimental comparison for the 1 Hz frequency window.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood over (m_a, g_agamma, g_d, g_aN, g_ae) in the 1e-15 eV window from published low-frequency haloscope, nuclear-EDM (CASPEr-electric), co-magnetometer, and torsion-balance limits, e.g. by wrapping the digitized exclusion data compiled in AxionLimits into interpolated likelihood curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_04824_geometric_baryogenesis_qcd_axion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Geometric-baryogenesis QCD axion cold dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.04824", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled CMB isocurvature likelihood evaluation exists for this model: the allowed axion CDM fraction as a function of (f_a, theta_osc, H_inf, M) is asserted from the quoted Planck bound rather than computed, so the overclosure/isocurvature constraint region cannot be mapped quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the axion isocurvature amplitude analytically from (H_inf, f_a, theta_osc), map it onto the Planck 2018 beta_iso constraint via a Cobaya/CosmoMC run with the standard uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature parameterization, and tabulate the allowed (f_a, theta_osc, H_inf) region for the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_mirrored_dirac_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored Dirac neutrino dark matter with B-prime-minus-L-prime annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or digitized exclusion contours exist for the heavy-axion beam-dump (CHARM), collider, and cosmological constraints in the (M_a, f_a) plane, or for mapping them onto the mirror-neutrino parameter space; both linked constraints report likelihood_available: no and recasting_needed: yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the primary paper's beam-dump/collider/cosmology contours in the (M_a, f_a) plane, wrap them as a binary-exclusion likelihood module, and combine with the relic-density likelihood so the full route can be scanned over (m_nu', v'/v, M_a, f_a, alpha_B'-L').", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0005123_low_reheat_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat invisible axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0005123", "score": 9, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood implements the modern BBN/CMB lower bound on T_RH (about 4.1-4.7 MeV in the cited Planck-era analysis); con_axion_low_reheat_floor has likelihood_available: partial and recasting_needed: yes, so the relaxed f_PQ region near very low T_RH cannot be statistically bounded.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published low-reheat neutrino-thermalization plus BBN/Planck analysis (arXiv:1511.00672-style) into a reusable T_RH likelihood module combining N_eff and light-element data, shared across the low-reheat model family.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 17, "rank_structure_formation": 21}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 82, "n_models": 81, "weight": 2203.4, "n_models_structure_formation": 51, "weight_structure_formation": 1414.7, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 31, "blocks_key_observables": 40, "minor": 8, "unknown": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 54, "small": 17, "large": 11}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_05563_nonthermal_subkev_light_dark_matter_fraction_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal sub-keV light dark matter fraction from radiative decays", "family": "light_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.05563", "score": 52.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The momentum distribution of the boosted decay-produced sub-keV component (born relativistic, redshifting through radiation domination) has not been derived in a form usable by a Boltzmann solver, so the mixed cold+hot transfer function for this scenario cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the analytic f(q) for two-body decay production during radiation domination as a function of tau and m_parent/m_DM, tabulate it into the CLASS ncdm module alongside a dominant CDM component, and compute the mixed transfer function and Delta N_eff self-consistently.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_08484_scalar_dark_fifth_force_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter with a long-range dark fifth force", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08484", "score": 46, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear perturbation-theory or simulation framework exists for dark-sector fifth forces with DM-baryon equivalence-principle violation, which the card identifies as required before galaxy power-spectrum and higher-point statistics from DESI/Euclid-like surveys can be used.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the beta-dependent perturbation-theory kernels including relative DM-baryon density and velocity modes, implement them in an EFT-of-LSS pipeline (CLASS-PT or PyBird style), and cross-check with a small suite of N-body simulations that include the dark-only fifth force.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_11889_neutrino_nugget_kination_ede_v1", "model_name": "Early mass-varying sterile-neutrino nugget dark matter with kination-diluted scalar EDE", "family": "sterile_neutrino_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.11889", "score": 44, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The microphysical nugget-formation dynamics (m_D, lambda, m_phi, m_psi1) and the phenomenological fluid transition used in the MCMC are related but not identical idealizations; no derived mapping exists from the Lagrangian parameters to the effective w(z), c_s^2(z), transition width, and the fraction of EDE energy entering kination versus nuggets.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective fluid parameters by evolving the coupled sterile-neutrino-scalar equations through the instability (linear perturbation theory plus a spherical-collapse or lattice treatment of nugget condensation), including the modified scalar potential required for kination rather than matter-like oscillation, and tabulate the resulting w(z) and energy partition for use in the Boltzmann solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_10160_conformal_freeze_in_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in quark-portal dark matter", "family": "conformal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.10160", "score": 39.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No derivation exists of the confined keV-scale dark-matter momentum distribution from the CFT energy density after QCD-induced conformal breaking; the paper tracks energy density only, so the model-specific f(q) needed for a precision warm-DM recast is absent.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive or parameterize the confinement mapping — e.g. assume dark-sector self-thermalization at the gap scale with a parameterized mean momentum and width, bracketed by extreme energy-partition scenarios — and tabulate the resulting f(q) as input to a Boltzmann solver, checking sensitivity of the transfer function to the ansatz.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_11140_adm_cmb_birefringence_cs_current_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter with Chern-Simons photon-current coupling", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11140", "score": 39, "severity": "unknown", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "For the 5 keV warm benchmark no momentum distribution or linear transfer function exists (distribution_function_available: no, thermal_wdm_mapping unavailable), so the small-scale structure implications mentioned by the paper cannot be evaluated against warm-dark-matter bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete asymmetry-generation/production history for the 5 keV benchmark, derive f(p), compute the transfer function with CLASS/CAMB, and map to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass to apply existing Ly-alpha and subhalo-count bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_11256_messenger_inflation_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Messenger-inflation minimal GMSB gravitino superWIMP", "family": "superwimp_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.11256", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function exists for the decay-produced gravitino population: the card gives only an analytic free-streaming length for gravitinos injected at tau_B ~ 1 s with relativistic momenta, but the actual non-thermal f(q) (set by two-body NLSP decay kinematics convolved with the decay-time distribution) has never been fed through a Boltzmann code, so the smooth_cutoff transfer-function shape and half-mode mass are unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) from bino -> gravitino + photon/Z kinematics with the exponential decay-time distribution, implement it as a non-cold species in the CLASS/CAMB ncdm sector, and compute the transfer-function suppression and half-mode mass as functions of (m_B, m_3/2, tau_B).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_11256_messenger_inflation_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Messenger-inflation minimal GMSB gravitino superWIMP", "family": "superwimp_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.11256", "score": 38.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Hadronic and electromagnetic branching fractions of the late bino NLSP decay are not tabulated in the card, so the BBN safety statement rests solely on the tau_B < 1 s benchmark; corners of the spectrum with longer lifetimes cannot be checked against photodissociation and hadrodissociation constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the bino -> gravitino + gamma/Z/h branching ratios and the resulting EM/hadronic energy injection across the GMSB parameter space, and evaluate them with a public BBN injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS-class solver) rather than the lifetime-threshold criterion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_02906_minimal_inflaton_higgs_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal nonminimal-coupling inflaton dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02906", "score": 38, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The structure-formation lower mass floor (m_phi > ~10 keV) is only cited, not derived: the nonthermal momentum distribution of preheating-produced inflaton quanta is never computed, so no transfer function exists to check the floor for this specific production mechanism.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract the inflaton occupation spectrum f(k) from the lattice simulations of gap_1, redshift it to late times, and feed it as a tabulated non-cold relic distribution into CLASS/CAMB to compute the linear power suppression and a proper mass floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_00820_nonthermal_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal WIMP baryogenesis model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.00820", "score": 37.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal WIMP momentum distribution from parent decay (initial energy ~ m_phi/2) is not tracked; the paper omits the momentum-dependent treatment, so free-streaming effects on small-scale structure are unquantified (structure_formation fields all unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p,z) for decay-produced WIMPs redshifting and scattering through reheating, compute the free-streaming length and transfer function with a modified CLASS non-cold-relic module, and verify the claim that momentum dependence does not change the abundance results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_2613_radiative_seesaw_warm_n1_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Radiative seesaw warm N_1 dark matter with N_2 entropy dilution", "family": "radiative_seesaw_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2613", "score": 36.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The post-dilution N_1 momentum distribution f(p) is not derived (card: distribution_function_available = no), so the free-streaming cutoff and transfer function for this diluted thermal relic cannot be computed beyond a sterile-neutrino mass analogy.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by evolving the decoupled thermal N_1 spectrum through the N_2 entropy-injection epoch (redshifting plus dilution in a momentum-resolved Boltzmann calculation), then feed the resulting f(p) into CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold dark matter species to obtain model-specific transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_split_seesaw_bl_low_reheat_v1", "model_name": "split-seesaw B-L low-reheating sterile neutrino production", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full sterile-neutrino momentum distribution from subthermal U(1) B-L gauge-boson-mediated production below the B-L breaking temperature has not been derived; the card records only an approximate distribution and the statement that the low-energy average momentum is close to the keV Miracle case, which is insufficient for production-specific transfer functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent production Boltzmann equation with massive B-L gauge-boson scattering rates, integrating from T_R downward and including entropy dilution from disappearing degrees of freedom, to obtain f(p) as a function of (T_R, T_B-L, m_s, gauge coupling), validated by recovering the quoted T_R ~ 5e13 GeV abundance requirement.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_14773_pbh_evaporated_ncdm_v1", "model_name": "Non-cold fermionic dark matter from primordial black hole evaporation", "family": "primordial_black_hole_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.14773", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Delta N_eff estimate uses the relativistic-limit formula only; there is no calculation tracking the emitted species' energy density through the relativistic-to-nonrelativistic transition, which the card notes overstates the CMB effect.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute rho_DM(a) directly from the derived f(q) distribution and feed it to CLASS as an ncdm species so the CMB radiation-density contribution is evaluated self-consistently instead of via the relativistic-limit Delta N_eff formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_12405_cosmological_gauge_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmological gauge field dark matter", "family": "standard_model_classical_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.12405", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "CGF cosmological perturbation equations beyond the leading classical order are not derived, so there is no way to propagate the w=0 CGF fluid into CMB/LSS precision observables; the card's own constraint states falsification requires calculating fluctuations, and no Boltzmann-code implementation of the CGF fluid exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linearized perturbation equations for the oscillating classical SU(2) gauge-field fluid (effective sound speed and anisotropic stress) and implement it as a generalized-dark-matter fluid species in CLASS or CAMB, then compare against Planck background and perturbation data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_3624_gravitino_lsp_right_handed_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino LSP with right-handed sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.3624", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The non-thermal momentum distribution of gravitinos produced in late right-handed sneutrino decay is not derived (distribution_function_available is 'no'); the card characterizes the warm component only by a single free-streaming length of about 6 Mpc and a fraction, which is insufficient input for a Boltzmann-code transfer-function calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gravitino phase-space distribution f(q) from the exponential decay of a nonrelativistic sneutrino population (standard late-decay redshifted-monochromatic form with lifetime tau_snu_R) and supply it as a tabulated ncdm distribution to CLASS/CAMB for the warm component alongside a cold thermal-scattering component.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_07122_light_freeze_in_two_body_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light freeze-in dark matter from thermal two-body scalar decay", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.07122", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The unintegrated momentum distribution f(p) of chi from thermal two-body scalar decay is not derived; the paper only solves integrated number and energy Boltzmann equations, and the distribution depends on the unspecified spectrum (m_phi, m_psi), blocking any transfer-function computation.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for freeze-in from thermal two-body decay (a known semi-analytic calculation for decay-produced FIMPs) to obtain f(q) as a function of m_phi/m_chi and g_*_dec, and package it as a CLASS ncdm psd input table.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0709_0297_goldilocks_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Goldilocks gravitino dark matter from neutralino decays", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.0297", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal phase-space distribution f(q) of gravitinos from late two-body neutralino decays has never been derived and propagated to a linear transfer function for this model; only an approximate free-streaming length lambda_FS is used, so the actual small-scale power suppression shape is unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) analytically for monochromatic two-body decay with exponential decay-time distribution during radiation domination, tabulate it as a CLASS ncdm distribution over the (m_chi, m_gravitino, tau_chi) plane, and compute transfer functions to replace the lambda_FS proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_2959_mixed_axion_axino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mixed axion/axino dark matter for thermal leptogenesis", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.2959", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axino phase-space distribution f(q) combining thermal production with nonthermal neutralino-NLSP-decay and gravitino-cascade components has not been derived, so the mixed cold/warm/hot transfer function cannot be computed and only crude m_axino and fraction flags stand in for structure-formation predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for each axino production channel (thermal scattering/decay spectrum, decay kinematics of the neutralino NLSP and gravitino cascades with redshifting), sum weighted by the channel abundances, and feed it to CLASS/CAMB as one or more non-cold (ncdm) species to compute the mixed transfer function and half-mode scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_00184_type_i_seesaw_freeze_in_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type I seesaw freeze-in long-lived S dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00184", "score": 34.0, "severity": "unknown", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The phase-space distribution of the decay-produced keV-scale S has not been derived (card: distribution_function_available 'no', no transfer function or thermal-WDM mapping), so free-streaming and structure-formation viability of a 16 keV Higgs-decay freeze-in candidate cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for S pairs from relativistic h -> SS decay during freeze-in using standard decay-produced FIMP results, evolve it through CLASS as a non-cold relic to obtain the transfer function, and map to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass for comparison with existing Ly-alpha and subhalo-count bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13799_cw_ultralight_scalar_higgs_portal_rhn_v1", "model_name": "Coleman-Weinberg ultralight scalar dark matter with GeV-scale right-handed neutrinos", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13799", "score": 34.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The isocurvature-suppression claim is only sketched as a mechanism: no quantitative isocurvature power spectrum from thermal erasure of initial conditions has been derived, so the CMB-facing observable cannot be compared to Planck isocurvature limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the residual scalar isocurvature amplitude as a function of inflationary Hubble scale and the thermal relaxation history, then compare against Planck isocurvature constraints via a CLASS run with a correlated CDM-isocurvature mode.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_07659_decoupled_real_scalar_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decoupled self-interacting real scalar dark matter", "family": "real_scalar_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.07659", "score": 33.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card gives the phase-space distribution (Bose-Einstein with chemical potential) but no route step or derived pipeline maps it to a linear transfer function, free-streaming length, or half-mode mass, so the warm/cold classification promised as a derived quantity cannot be computed quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Tabulate the frozen-out f(q) with temperature and chemical potential and feed it to the CLASS non-cold dark matter (ncdm) module with a custom distribution file to obtain T^2(k) and the half-mode scale across the (m, lambda, T_dark, mu) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_00184_type_iii_seesaw_freeze_in_s_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw freeze-in long-lived S dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00184", "score": 33.0, "severity": "unknown", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The phase-space distribution of the decay-produced 1 keV S has not been derived (card: distribution_function_available 'no', no transfer function or thermal-WDM mapping); for a 1 keV decay-produced candidate the free-streaming scale is potentially in tension with Ly-alpha bounds, but this cannot be assessed without the distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for S pairs from relativistic h -> SS decay during freeze-in using standard decay-produced FIMP results, evolve it through CLASS as a non-cold relic to obtain the transfer function, and map to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass for comparison with existing Ly-alpha and subhalo-count bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_08821_hidden_sector_two_higgs_doublet_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector dark matter with two-Higgs-doublet scalar portal", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.08821", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The XENON1T comparison uses only optimistic unsuppressed spin-independent scattering; no derivation or recast covers velocity- or momentum-suppressed portal-induced nuclear scattering across the model's spin and operator classes.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nonrelativistic effective operators for each vertex class connecting portal mixing to nuclear scattering and evaluate suppressed cases with a public direct-detection framework such as DDCalc or WimPyDD against XENON1T/LZ likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_05096_phase_transition_hot_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hot and heavy phase-transition-produced scalar dark matter", "family": "non_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.05096", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full nonthermal phase-space distribution f_X(p) from bubble-wall pair production is only approximate on the card (distribution_function_available: approximate); without the complete distribution, the CLASS NCDM run in step s3 and every downstream small-scale-structure statement rest on the single-velocity v(t_eq) proxy.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full emitted momentum spectrum from the anti-adiabatic wall-crossing amplitude integrated over the incoming thermal flux and wall geometry, redshift it through the reheating history, and tabulate f_X(q) in the psd format CLASS ncdm accepts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_10160_conformal_freeze_in_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "conformal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.10160", "score": 31.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The final confined dark-matter momentum distribution after SM-induced conformal breaking is not derived; the paper tracks CFT energy density only, so no f(q) exists to feed a Boltzmann solver for structure-formation checks away from the cold 1-10 MeV benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive or model the mapping from CFT energy density to the post-confinement PGB momentum spectrum (e.g. a thermalized dark-sector ansatz at the gap scale with parameterized deviations), tabulate f(q), and feed it to CLASS's non-cold-relic module to compute the transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1202_5456_leptophilic_sommerfeld_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic Sommerfeld-enhanced WIMP toy model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5456", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The exact relation between the effective decoupling temperature and the smallest-protohalo cutoff mass M_cut has not been derived for strongly resonant cases where asymptotic free streaming is reached near or after matter-radiation equality, so the quoted O(10^-10) to O(10) M_sun cutoffs are only approximate in exactly the most extreme regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear matter power cutoff for late (post-equality) effective decoupling by solving the full perturbed Boltzmann hierarchy with the model's velocity-dependent annihilation and self-scattering terms in an ETHOS-parameterized modified CLASS, replacing the standard T_kd-to-M_cut fitting formulae in this regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1303_6267_long_lived_majorana_decay_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Warm dark matter from long-lived Majorana fermion decays", "family": "decay_produced_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1303.6267", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full daughter phase-space distribution f(q) from three-body chi_2 -> chi_1 f fbar decays occurring over an extended lifetime (tau2 > 1 s) has never been derived for this model — only a free-streaming-length estimate exists — so no nonthermal transfer function can be computed and thermal-WDM mass bounds cannot be honestly recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-space Boltzmann equation for chi_1 injection from redshift-distributed chi_2 decays with the three-body spectrum, tabulate f(q) over (M1/M2, tau2), and feed it to CLASS as a non-cold-dark-matter species to obtain the linear power suppression and half-mode scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_6736_decay_product_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decay-product hot dark matter", "family": "decay_produced_hot_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.6736", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Decays occurring during the CMB era (tau > 5.2e10 s) are excluded from the source's reduced-parameter treatment; the perturbation-level effect of CMB-era decays on anisotropies has not been derived, so the model cannot be evaluated in that lifetime regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full time-dependent decay source terms for the daughter phase-space perturbations and implement them in a modified CLASS (extending existing decaying-CDM modules to hot daughters), performing the dedicated CMB power-spectrum study the paper calls for.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_13628_decaying_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm dark matter to invisible radiation", "family": "decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.13628", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Boltzmann hierarchy neglects inverse decays and scattering, yet the posterior preference lies partly in the relativistic-decay regime where inverse processes matter, so the favored parameter region is not reliably evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the inverse-decay collision integrals for the phi nu nu interaction at background and perturbation level, add them to the modified CLASS hierarchy, and recheck the favored relativistic-decay parameter region of the primary MCMC.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_15858_memory_burdened_pbh_evaporation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Memory-burdened PBH evaporation dark matter cogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.15858", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution f(p) of dark matter emitted during the memory-burdened (slowed) evaporation phase is only approximate; existing Hawking-emission codes implement semiclassical evaporation and do not include the k,q-suppressed phase, so the input needed for the transfer-function step does not exist for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Hawking-spectrum code such as BlackHawk with the memory-burden prescription (mass-loss rate suppressed by (M/M_in)^(-k) beyond onset fraction q) to output the time-integrated emitted f(p) including redshifting through entropy injection, then pass it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1108_2282_dfsz_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axino cold dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.2282", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full axino phase-space distribution f(p) for the mixed thermal-plus-NLSP-decay population is not available (card: distribution_function_available approximate, only benchmark present velocities), so the transfer-function step cannot be fed a real input and free-streaming is judged only by a velocity heuristic.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p,t) for both populations — a redshifted thermal spectrum from production at T_R and a decay-injected spectrum from the NLSP lifetime and mass ratio — and tabulate it as a psd file for the CLASS ncdm sector to compute the mixed cold-warm transfer function over (m_axino, f_a, T_R, NLSP identity).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_7373_moduli_produced_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Moduli-produced wino or higgsino neutralino dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.7373", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model-specific wino/higgsino kinetic-decoupling calculation in a low-reheat plasma (T_kd relative to T_rh, and the resulting k_fs and k_d damping scales) is flagged as required but not implemented; only the qualitative wash-out conclusion is recorded.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the standard neutralino elastic-scattering-rate and kinetic-decoupling formalism (as implemented in DarkSUSY) to the modified temperature-scale-factor relation of a moduli-reheating history, deriving T_kd(T_rh, m_chi) and the damped transfer function for wino and higgsino benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_05298_inverse_seesaw_sterile_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inverse-seesaw sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter with dynamical lepton-number breaking", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.05298", "score": 29, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Majoron Delta N_eff prediction lacks a coupled thermalization calculation: the paper itself notes a detailed simultaneous treatment of scalar/Majoron thermalization via lambda_1H is beyond its scope, leaving the CMB observable at order-of-magnitude level.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled Boltzmann equations for the phi_1/phi_2/J sector thermalizing through the Higgs portal to obtain Delta N_eff(lambda_1H, v1, v2), then evaluate it against Planck N_eff posteriors with a CLASS-based Majoron cosmology run including late J -> nu nu decays.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_5129_thermal_unparticle_unmatter_v1", "model_name": "Thermal unparticle unmatter dark matter", "family": "unparticle_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.5129", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only background-level (constant-w) constraints exist for unmatter: the density-perturbation equations of the thermal unparticle fluid (effective sound speed and anisotropic stress from the continuous spectral density) have not been derived, so no perturbation-level CMB/LSS constraint on Omega_U and d_U can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive c_s^2(d_U) and the perturbation closure for the unparticle fluid from its spectral-density thermodynamics, implement it as a generalized dark fluid in CLASS, and run a Planck plus BAO plus SNIa fit (e.g. with Cobaya) over (Omega_U, d_U), superseding the CMB-shift-parameter-only analysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_06788_two_component_adm_bound_state_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Two-component asymmetric dark matter via bound states and freeze-in decay", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.06788", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full nonthermal phase-space distribution f(p) of the boosted light component injected by late bound-state decays is not derived (distribution_function_available no; the decay step yields momentum injection but 'not a complete f(p)'), preventing free-streaming and small-scale structure assessment.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p,t) analytically from the two-body decay source term convolved with the bound-state decay history and redshifting, then feed it as a non-cold species (CLASS ncdm with tabulated psd) to obtain the transfer function and an effective free-streaming/half-mode scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_4899_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "7.1 keV sterile-neutrino dark matter with low-scale leptogenesis", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4899", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The full momentum distribution f(p) of sterile neutrinos produced by out-of-equilibrium singlet-scalar decay at T ~ 100 GeV is only approximately known for this model; the primary paper explicitly leaves the detailed free-streaming/velocity analysis beyond scope, blocking any quantitative small-scale-structure statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p,T) by solving the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for freeze-in from decays of an initially thermal scalar (standard decay-produced freeze-in formalism), including entropy dilution from T_prod ~ 100 GeV to today, and tabulate it as a psd file for the CLASS ncdm module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_02668_preheating_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Preheating-produced sterile-neutrino fermionic dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.02668", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal Bogoliubov momentum spectrum has not been propagated to any late-time constraint: no free-streaming length, transfer function, or thermal-WDM mapping is derived from it, so the spectrum's only current use is qualitative (the card's structure-formation block is entirely unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Redshift the derived f(k) spectra to today, compute the free-streaming scale and linear transfer function with a Boltzmann code that accepts non-cold distribution functions (CLASS ncdm with tabulated psd), and derive the effective thermal-WDM mass mapping across the (M_R, M_i, tau, H_dS) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_03624_composite_millicharged_absorption_line_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite millicharged absorption-line dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.03624", "score": 26.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from the composite model's binding energy, ionized fraction, and dark-radiation content onto the effective parameters of existing atomic-dark-matter Boltzmann codes has not been derived, so CMB anisotropy and matter-power constraints on the ionized regime cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dictionary from (E_binding, epsilon, dark-sector temperature ratio, dark fine-structure analogue) to the atomic-DM parameterization used in the cited atomic-dark-matter literature, then run the existing public atomic-DM CLASS extension to obtain CMB and matter-power predictions and compare the DAO scale against the related-paper examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1205_5967_e6_custodial_susy_two_candidate_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "E6-inspired custodial SUSY model with two dark-matter candidates", "family": "e6_inspired_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.5967", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "For the eV-scale inert-neutralino variant there is no derivation of the hidden-state thermal decoupling history through the heavy Z-prime (decoupling temperature, temperature ratio, resulting Delta N_eff and hot-DM fraction), so the hot-dark-matter recast in step s3 cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the Z-prime-mediated interaction rates and decoupling temperature of the light inert neutralinos as a function of M_Z' and the singlet VEV, compute their temperature ratio and Delta N_eff, and evaluate the hot fraction with CLASS ncdm against Planck CMB plus BAO likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_03670_dark_photon_freeze_in_emd_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon freeze-in Dirac fermion dark matter during early matter domination", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.03670", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card provides only the number-density yield, not the full nonthermal momentum distribution f(p) of chi produced during the EMD era, so the free-streaming length, linear transfer function, and any EMDE-enhanced microhalo prediction cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by solving the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for freeze-in during the parameterized EMD (including entropy injection redshifting), then feed it to a Boltzmann code (CLASS with a non-cold relic distribution) to obtain the transfer function and small-scale cutoff/enhancement.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1007_0898_a4_majoron_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "A4 seesaw Majoron decaying dark matter", "family": "majoron_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1007.0898", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Majoron relic abundance is normalized by a free parameter beta with no derivation of the production mechanism or phase-space distribution f(p); for the quoted 0.12-0.17 keV thermal mass window the free-streaming behavior is critical, yet the card's structure-formation entries are all unknown, so relic-density and structure observables cannot be evaluated from model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the Majoron thermalization and decoupling history in the seesaw scalar sector (fixing beta), compute f(p), and feed it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to obtain the transfer function and check keV-scale free-streaming against Ly-alpha/structure bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_02294_s3_z2_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "S3 x Z2 sterile-neutrino dark matter model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.02294", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculation exists of the S3 x Z2 sterile-neutrino relic abundance and momentum distribution from its actual production channels (feeble scalar-sector Yukawas and the dimension-5 L N_s D phi operator); public sterile-neutrino codes implement only mixing-driven thermal production, so the model's warm/cold classification and DM fraction are undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the freeze-in Boltzmann equation at the distribution-function level for N_s production via the S3 x Z2 scalar and Yukawa couplings (e.g. extend a freeze-in phase-space code or write a dedicated momentum-dependent solver as done for scotogenic FIMPs), outputting f(p) and Omega h^2 over the keV-MeV mass range; feed f(p) into CLASS to obtain the transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_02343_dlrm_right_fermion_quintuplet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Doublet left-right model with right-handed fermion quintuplet dark matter", "family": "left_right_symmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.02343", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Delta N_eff from Dirac right-handed-neutrino decoupling is computed only with an instantaneous rate-versus-Hubble estimate rather than a full thermal-history solution, a precision limitation the card itself flags and which matters for the CMB-S4 Delta N_eff = 0.06 target.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a neutrino-decoupling Boltzmann code (e.g. a nudec_BSM- or FortEPiaNO-style solver) with W_R/Z_R-mediated right-neutrino interaction rates to compute Delta N_eff(M_WR, g_R) through the QCD transition, replacing the instantaneous-decoupling estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_12161_miteves_noether_current_dm_v1", "model_name": "MiTeVeS Noether-current mimetic dark matter cosmology", "family": "mimetic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.12161", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Linear cosmological perturbation theory for MiTeVeS (scalar/vector/mimetic sector sound speed, closure relations, and growth equations) has not been derived, and consequently no Boltzmann-solver implementation exists, so no large-scale-structure or growth prediction can be made; the paper explicitly defers perturbations to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linearized field equations for the mimetic scalar-vector sector around FLRW (including the effective sound speed c_s and any anisotropic stress), then implement them in a modified Einstein-Boltzmann code such as a CLASS or hi_class extension to output the matter power spectrum and growth rate for comparison with clustering data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_10092_su3_tenplet_accident_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(3) x U(1) ten-plet accident dark matter", "family": "accident_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10092", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The spin-independent scalar-nucleon cross section for the six-state ten-plet multiplet through the Higgs portal has not been computed, so LZ/XENON-class direct-detection limits cannot be applied to this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the per-component Higgs-portal scalar-nucleon cross section (standard scalar-portal formula weighted by the multiplet composition and local abundance fractions from the multi-component relic calculation) and recast published xenon-experiment limits onto the (m_DM, lambda_H) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0502222_bstv_scalar_oscillation_cdm_v1", "model_name": "BSTV scalar-field oscillation cold dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0502222", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The soft-boson non-accumulation condition is stated only qualitatively via a de Broglie-wavelength argument; no linear transfer function or clustering calculation for the oscillating q quanta exists to quantify where the scalar CDM does or does not cluster on galaxy scales.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the perturbation equations for the oscillating scalar amplitude in the evolving quadratic effective potential and compute its Jeans/de Broglie suppression scale as a function of boson mass, giving a quantitative galactic-accumulation criterion.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_msm_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "MSM sterile-neutrino WDM from heavier-field decay", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The decay-produced sterile-neutrino momentum distribution from the heavier MSM field is only available as an approximate analytic form; a Boltzmann-level computation of f(q) for the specific parent decay history (parent abundance, decay rate, entropy evolution) is missing.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the decay-production Boltzmann equation for the parent field (following existing public FIMP/decay-spectrum solvers such as the Merle-Totzauer approach) and tabulate f(q) for direct input into the CLASS/CAMB ncdm module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_01056_kination_nonequilibrium_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kination non-equilibrium Majorana dark matter production", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01056", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal dark-matter momentum distribution f(p) from out-of-equilibrium production during kination has not been derived (the card tracks number density only and marks distribution_function_available no), so the free-streaming scale and small-scale cutoff k_cut for this branch cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by solving the unintegrated production Boltzmann equation over the kination era (production kinematics from the radiation bath, then redshifting through reheating), and implement the result as a non-cold ncdm species in CLASS to obtain the transfer-function cutoff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_02347_cosmic_selection_rule_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-selection-rule SU(N)d glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02347", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The model's linear structure-formation behavior is entirely uncomputed (transfer function and CDM-likeness unknown, no glueball f(p)); evaluating the dark-radiation/structure observable requires mapping the pre-confinement relativistic dark-gluon epoch and the post-confinement glueball fluid onto CMB and LSS perturbation variables, which no existing interacting-dark-radiation implementation covers with a confinement transition.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS-based interacting-dark-radiation (ETHOS-like) implementation with a time-dependent transition at the dark confinement temperature, converting self-coupled dark-gluon radiation with temperature ratio T_dark/T_SM into a cold or warm glueball fluid, then compare against Planck and LSS data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1809_10135_colored_mediator_freezein_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Colored t-channel mediator freeze-in plus superWIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.10135", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the exact nonthermal dark matter momentum distribution combining the freeze-in component (from mediator decays and scatterings) and the late superWIMP decay component; the card records only an approximate phase-space treatment, and the Ly-alpha constraint currently relies on a thermal-WDM proxy.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full phase-space distribution f(q) by integrating the unintegrated freeze-in and superWIMP decay Boltzmann equations (as done in tools like the FIMP module of micrOMEGAs or a dedicated code in the style of Ballesteros et al. freeze-in distribution calculations), then feed it to CLASS as a non-cold dark matter species to obtain the model-specific transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_07462_q_ball_decay_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter from Q-ball decay", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07462", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function exists for the nonthermal scalar spectrum produced by Q-ball decay, whose injection momentum is set by the Q-ball angular frequency rather than a thermal bath, so the thermal-WDM 5.3 keV bound cannot be applied without recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced phase-space distribution f(q) for scalars emitted from Q-ball decay at the decay temperature and pass it to the CLASS/CAMB non-cold-relic (ncdm) module as a tabulated distribution to obtain model-specific transfer functions across the (m_chi, K, Q) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_08815_interacting_scalar_field_dm_ede_v1", "model_name": "Interacting scalar-field dark matter and early dark energy", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.08815", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The coupling Q = beta phidot^2 psidot^2 is imposed at the conservation-equation level without a microscopic action, and the card flags possible stability and prior pathologies of the perturbed energy-transfer terms outside the worked examples; no derived stability/viability conditions delimit the (m_phi, lambda_phi, beta) space over which the Boltzmann solution is trustworthy.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gauge-consistent perturbed energy-momentum transfer and its no-ghost/gradient-stability conditions for this coupling (following the interacting-dark-energy instability literature), encode the resulting viability bounds as hard priors in the MCMC, and add runtime stability checks to the public modified CLASS.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0607012_warm_neutralino_low_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating warm neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0607012", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full nonthermal neutralino phase-space distribution f(p) from scalar-decay cascades is not derived; the card only gives the single warmness parameter r_chi, which is insufficient input for a Boltzmann transfer-function calculation or a defensible mapping to thermal-WDM limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by integrating the decay-injection spectrum (scalar decay to SUSY cascades to neutralinos) over the scalar decay history without the instantaneous-decay approximation, and tabulate it as a psd file for CLASS/CAMB non-cold-relic (ncdm) input.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_wdm_2x24_v1", "model_name": "Two-24 type III GMSB gravitino warm dark matter variant", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitino phase-space distribution f(q) has been derived for the two-24 keV-range regime from its actual production channels (thermal-plasma scattering during reheating plus MSSM/stau decays), so the warm small-scale cutoff cannot be computed and the mapping to an equivalent thermal WDM mass is unanchored.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gravitino momentum distribution by integrating the thermal scattering production rate over the reheating history and adding the NLSP-decay component, following standard nonthermal-relic phase-space calculations, and tabulate f(q) as an ncdm input for CLASS.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_3523_supersymmetric_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nearly supersymmetric atomic dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.3523", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function exists for this model: the dark plasma undergoes dark acoustic oscillations and Coulomb-coupled damping before dark recombination, but the card records transfer_function_shape and all structure-formation entries as unknown, with no phase-space distribution or Boltzmann-hierarchy implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the tight-coupling dark-photon/dark-baryon perturbation equations for this sector and implement them in CLASS via an ETHOS-like parameterization (dark-radiation interaction rates from alpha_D and constituent masses), producing P(k) with the dark-acoustic-oscillation scale and Silk-like damping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_2384_b_l_right_handed_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_B-L right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2384", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No momentum distribution f_N(p) has been derived for N_1 produced by thermal freeze-out followed by entropy dilution from heavy RHN decay (with possible Z_B-L-mediated interactions), so the free-streaming input to structure-formation constraints is undefined for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the redshifted post-dilution N_1 spectrum semi-analytically (thermal spectrum at freeze-out diluted by the computed S ~ 160 entropy factor), tabulate it, and feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold-dark-matter psd file to obtain the linear transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_03167_fimp_dark_matter_from_flavon_portal_v1", "model_name": "FIMP dark matter from flavon portals", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03167", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No full non-thermal momentum distribution f(q) for the FIMP including both flavon-decay and scattering production channels; the paper's free-streaming length is a decay-only indicative estimate, so linear-power suppression predictions are unreliable.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) by integrating the unintegrated freeze-in Boltzmann equation with both S/h_S/A_S decay and 2->2 scattering source terms (standard freeze-in distribution formalism), then feed the tabulated distribution into CLASS as a non-cold ncdm species to get the exact transfer function instead of a free-streaming-length proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0005123_low_reheat_massive_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat stable massive neutrino dark matter", "family": "massive_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0005123", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model's phase-space distribution f(p) and resulting transfer function have not been derived (distribution_function_available: unknown, structure_formation largely unknown), so the warm-versus-cold classification and free-streaming character listed among the route's derived quantities cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) from the low-reheat production calculation (output of the gap_1 solver), feed it to the CLASS/CAMB NCDM module to obtain T(k) and the free-streaming scale across the (m_nu, T_RH) plane, and record the resulting cutoff scales on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_scalar_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Scalar FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card states the scalar FIMP has a nonthermal momentum distribution but no distribution function is supplied (distribution_function_available: no) and no thermal-WDM mapping or transfer-function estimate exists, so whether the model behaves like CDM on small scales cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f_X(p, T) of moduli-portal freeze-in through reheating (following existing freeze-in phase-space calculations), derive the free-streaming length and an equivalent thermal-WDM mass, and feed the resulting transfer function to CLASS/CAMB for small-scale structure constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1812_10963_leptophilic_light_flavon_hot_relic_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic light flavon hot-relic model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1812.10963", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The non-thermal momentum distribution of the freeze-in-produced eta is not derived (distribution_function_available: no), so the mixed hot+cold transfer function cannot be computed accurately for the freeze-in regime at large v_phi.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for freeze-in production through the charged-lepton couplings to obtain f_eta(q), and feed it into a Boltzmann solver's non-cold species (CLASS ncdm with a tabulated distribution) to get the subcomponent transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_07759_scalar_extended_accidental_composite_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-extended accidental composite dark matter", "family": "accidental_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.07759", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The composite-state matrix elements needed for direct detection — electromagnetic dipole and charge-radius moments of dark baryons with charged constituents, and the Higgs-portal nucleon coupling of hybrid states — are not derived for this model class.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-baryon electromagnetic form factors and Higgs-portal couplings using naive dimensional analysis anchored to the lattice spectrum of gap_1, then match onto the standard nonrelativistic direct-detection EFT operators so existing tools (e.g. DirectDM plus DDCalc-style limit codes) can produce exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1403_1782_rpv_axino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "R-parity violating axino warm dark matter", "family": "axino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.1782", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axino phase-space distribution f_axino(q) from thermal production after reheating (as a function of T_R, f_a, m_axino) is only approximate and never tabulated, yet it is the required input for the transfer-function step and for any warmness statement beyond a crude thermal-WDM analogy.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for axino production from thermal-bath scatterings (freeze-in/thermal-production treatment as in the related 1707.06418-style calculations) over the (T_R, f_a) benchmark region and release tabulated f(q) files consumable by CLASS ncdm.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_02117_phase_transition_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generative-sector first-order phase-transition asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02117", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The bubble-wall velocity and sound-wave source efficiency for the generative-sector transition are assumed rather than computed, and the card flags that detector reach depends on sound-wave lifetime, wall velocity, and efficiency assumptions; no model-specific calculation of these quantities exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the wall velocity and friction for the generative-sector particle content with a hydrodynamic wall-velocity solver (WallGo-class), and adopt updated sound-wave lifetime/efficiency fits from hydrodynamic simulations in the GW amplitude formulae.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_02225_decay_product_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stable fermion dark matter from decays of gravitationally produced superheavy particles", "family": "superheavy_decay_product_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.02225", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full decay-product phase-space distribution f(q) for S from chi -> S S (including the redshifting of the decay-injected momentum for the relevant y and T_dec range) has not been derived, so no linear transfer function or free-streaming suppression scale exists beyond the paper's rough nonrelativistic-by-1-keV criterion.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) analytically for two-body decays of the nonrelativistic chi population as a function of y, m_S/m_chi, and decay time, tabulate it as a non-cold-dark-matter distribution file, and run CLASS or CAMB in ncdm mode to obtain the model's transfer function and half-mode scale across the parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2108_05377_melting_cosmic_string_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Melting cosmic string scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.05377", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function or phase-space characterization exists for the scalar dark matter produced at the inverse phase transition; the card marks nonthermal momentum distribution yes but all structure-formation fields unknown, so whether the ~15 eV oscillating field behaves as cold dark matter is unverified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the post-transition scalar field power spectrum and effective sound speed from the inverse-phase-transition dynamics (lattice or perturbative calculation of field inhomogeneities at oscillation onset) and map it to a linear matter transfer function in a Boltzmann code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_12332_regular_black_hole_remnant_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planck-mass regular black-hole remnant dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2203.12332", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Only a representative 0.1c recoil speed exists; the full Hawking-recoil velocity distribution from the final evaporation stage of the regular metric, and the resulting remnant free-streaming length and matter-power suppression, have not been derived, blocking the coldness/structure-formation observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute final-stage emission spectra for the regular black-hole family (extend BlackHawk with the regular metric's greybody factors and finite-temperature endpoint), build the recoil velocity distribution over formation times, and feed it as a non-cold-DM momentum distribution into CLASS/CAMB to obtain the transfer function and free-streaming bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_09566_mirror_baryon_pbh_evaporation_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror baryon plus PBH-evaporated scalar singlet dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.09566", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No late-time phase-space distribution has been derived for the Hawking-emitted scalar singlet (Schwarzschild PBHs, 0.1 g to 1e9 g, m_chi up to 1e9 GeV), which is the required input for the CLASS-style NCDM transfer-function recast against small-scale-structure limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the instantaneous Hawking emission spectrum for a spin-0 particle from Schwarzschild PBHs (e.g. with BlackHawk-class greybody factors), redshift it through evaporation and free-streaming to obtain f(q) today, and feed it to the CLASS ncdm module via a tabulated psd file to produce the transfer function for the WDM-equivalent recast of arXiv:2004.14773.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_07943_kk_gauge_boson_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kaluza-Klein gauge boson dark matter from brane-world quantum gravity", "family": "extra_dimensional_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.07943", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No momentum distribution or coldness criterion has been derived for the gravitationally produced KK vector, and its isocurvature spectrum in the non-standard brane-world expansion is uncomputed, leaving the structure-formation behavior (transfer function, small-scale power) entirely unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the mode-by-mode spectrum of the inflationary-produced massive vector (transverse and longitudinal modes) under the brane-world expansion law, derive the present-day momentum distribution and isocurvature power, and check the result against CMB isocurvature and small-scale structure coldness requirements.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1410_5432_scale_free_ewbg_singlino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scale-free electroweak-baryogenesis singlino dark matter", "family": "singlino_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.5432", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The baryon-asymmetry calculation is incomplete: the CP-violating sources are deferred by the paper and the washout/BAU-survival estimate depends on an unquantified hierarchy between nucleation and roll temperatures, so no quantitative BAU prediction can be attached to a parameter point.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the CP-violating sources for the vector-like sector across the bubble wall and solve the standard electroweak-baryogenesis transport equations (VEV-insertion or WKB formalism) for the benchmark wall width L_w T ~ 30, packaging the result as a reusable BAU calculator for this model class.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_02338_scalar_dm_preheating_v1", "model_name": "Z2-stabilized scalar dark matter from preheating and reheating", "family": "feebly_interacting_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.02338", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No full nonthermal momentum distribution f(p) of the scalar is derived from the preheating dynamics; the card tracks only energy-density ratios and a dark temperature, so free-streaming and phase-space quantities needed for structure-formation constraints cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract the scalar occupation-number spectrum directly from the LATTICEEASY output and evolve it through the decoupled dark-sector era (including 4-to-2 redistributions) to obtain a tabulated f(p) today, suitable for use as a CLASS ncdm input.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_hidden_scalar_decay_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky inflaton-decay hidden scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The full phase-space distribution f(p) of the scalar pair-produced by scalaron decay over the extended Starobinsky reheating period — including the xi_X- and xi_h-dependent production history and subsequent redshifting — is not available (distribution_function_available is no), leaving only a characteristic-momentum L_FS estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by integrating the scalaron decay rate over the reheating history (standard inflaton-decay distribution techniques give a quasi-analytic result), parameterized by (m_X, xi_X, xi_h), in a form usable as a CLASS/CAMB ncdm input table.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_15653_hadrophilic_uv_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV hadrophilic UV freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.15653", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in phase-space distribution f(p) for chi produced at low reheating is not computed, so the linear transfer function is unknown and the Ly-alpha/LSS lower bound on m_chi (down to ~10 keV) can only be guessed via invalid thermal-WDM mappings.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) from the unintegrated freeze-in production integral including the low-reheat history, feed it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution to compute the transfer function, and recast against Ly-alpha constraints using an existing area-criterion or emulator-based bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_05684_z3_scalar_semiproduction_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 scalar dark matter with semi-production freeze-in", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.05684", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relic calculation closes the Boltzmann hierarchy with a thermal-shape ansatz at a separate dark-sector temperature; the full momentum-level distribution solution, which the authors explicitly leave to future work and which the semi-production rate depends on, has not been derived or implemented, and no resulting transfer function exists for structure-formation statements (all linear entries are unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f(p) of the Z3 scalar during semi-production (extending momentum-resolved freeze-in solvers), quantify the error of the moment ansatz on Omega h^2, and output f(p) so a CLASS non-cold-relic run can determine whether the model imprints any small-scale suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_09349_two_component_boosted_light_dm_nu2hdm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component boosted light dark matter in a neutrinophilic 2HDM", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.09349", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The model-specific boosted phi3 flux from present-day chi1 annihilation, its energy-dependent electron and nuclear scattering cross sections, and the resulting detector recoil spectra have not been derived, so existing boosted-DM search limits cannot be recast onto this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the galactic boosted phi3 flux from the chi1 annihilation rate and halo J-factor, compute H/h-mediated phi3-electron and phi3-nucleus cross sections at boost factors of 1e3-1e4 including Earth attenuation, and recast published boosted-DM likelihoods from Super-K/XENON-class analyses onto the (m_phi3, coupling) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_10359_heavy_dark_baryon_hidden_mssm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark baryons in a hidden MSSM-like sector", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.10359", "score": 19.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The uncorrelated baryon and dark-baryon isocurvature spectra from independent Affleck-Dine phase fluctuations are known only at order-of-magnitude level with equal phase masses assumed; the exact O(1) coefficients and the unequal BAD/DAD phase-mass dependence needed to set Boltzmann-solver initial conditions are underived.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the isocurvature power spectra of the two AD phase fields during inflation (including spectral tilt from m_phase/H_I and independent phase masses for the visible and dark AD fields), yielding amplitude and tilt formulas that can be passed directly to CLASS/CAMB as uncorrelated baryon and CDM isocurvature initial conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00691_u1d_dark_sector_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D dark-sector Majorana WIMP model", "family": "hidden_sector_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "1710.00691", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop/off-shell-photon-mediated chi_1-nucleon scattering amplitude is only sketched diagrammatically in the source; without the full amplitude no direct-detection cross section or exclusion can be derived for the DAMA/XENON-class experiments the paper mentions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-level photon-penguin chi_1-proton scattering amplitude (analogous to the gamma-Goldstone annihilation topology with the photon attached to a proton), express it as effective electromagnetic form-factor operators, and evaluate recoil rates with standard direct-detection formalism to compare against current xenon limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1808_08236_despicable_dark_relic_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Despicable dark relic non-minimally coupled scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1808.08236", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-sector thermalization history (2-to-2 kinetic and 4-to-2 number-changing equilibration from the initial nonthermal tachyonic spectrum, and the resulting dark temperature and freeze-out) is treated with instantaneous-equilibration estimates; no momentum-space Boltzmann treatment exists to determine when the approximations fail and what the relic spectrum is when equilibrium is not reached.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for the phi distribution with lambda phi^4 2-to-2 and 4-to-2 collision terms starting from the gap_1 tachyonic spectrum (extending existing dark-freeze-out/cannibal-sector Boltzmann codes), mapping out in (xi, lambda, m_phi) where instantaneous chemical equilibrium is a valid approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_hidden_vector_decay_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky inflaton-decay massive Abelian vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The phase-space distribution f(q) of the scalaron-decay-produced massive vector is not available (distribution_function_available: no), so the free-streaming and transfer-function calculation cannot go beyond the rough L_FS estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced momentum distribution for two-body scalaron decay through the Starobinsky reheating history (standard inflaton-decay f(q) techniques) and supply it as a tabulated non-cold-DM distribution to CLASS/CAMB ncdm modules to compute the model's transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0212275_dark_group_warm_dark_baryons_v1", "model_name": "Dark group warm dark baryon model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0212275", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The post-confinement dark-baryon momentum distribution is not derived (distribution_function_available: no; thermal_wdm_mapping unavailable); only an analytic free-streaming scale of about 0.6 Mpc is quoted, which is insufficient input for a Boltzmann computation of the transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-baryon phase-space distribution after confinement of the secluded thermal dark sector (thermal distribution at T_D with mass ~ Lambda_c) and establish the mapping to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass so existing WDM bounds can be reused.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0412586_long_range_scalar_dm_interaction_v1", "model_name": "Long-range scalar-interacting dark matter with screening species", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0412586", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological evolution of the relativistic screening species, and hence the redshift dependence of the screening length r_s(z) that the simulations need as input, is not derived; the card flags production of the screening population as an unresolved difficulty and no linear-theory (Boltzmann) treatment of the scale-dependent growth is provided.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the coupled scalar-plus-screening-species background and linear perturbation equations and implement them as a modified CLASS species, yielding r_s(z) and consistent initial conditions/transfer functions for the N-body step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_05420_feeton_b_minus_l_threshold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-threshold feeton B-L gauge boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05420", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution of inflationary-produced feetons is not provided (distribution_function_available: no) and every structure-formation field is unknown, so no transfer function or free-streaming assessment exists to check whether the ~1 MeV nonthermal vector behaves as cold dark matter on observable scales.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the primordial momentum distribution and power spectrum of the longitudinal vector modes produced during inflation (Graham-Mardon-Rajendran-type calculation for m_f ~ 1 MeV, H_inf ~ 1.6e11 GeV), then feed the resulting f(p) or transfer function into a modified CLASS/CAMB run to verify CDM-like behavior and any small-scale isocurvature bump.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_vector_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Vector FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card states the vector FIMP has a nonthermal momentum distribution but no distribution function is supplied (distribution_function_available: no) and no thermal-WDM mapping or transfer-function estimate exists, so whether the model behaves like CDM on small scales cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f_X(p, T) of moduli-portal freeze-in through reheating (following existing freeze-in phase-space calculations), derive the free-streaming length and an equivalent thermal-WDM mass, and feed the resulting transfer function to CLASS/CAMB for small-scale structure constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_2219_dfsz_axino_kim_nilles_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axino dark matter in the Kim-Nilles mechanism", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.2219", "score": 14.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The momentum-space phase-space distribution f(q) of freeze-in DFSZ axinos produced through the Kim-Nilles axino-Higgsino-Higgs (mu/f_a) and axino-top-stop (m_t/f_a) channels is not derived; without it neither the warmness of light axinos nor the transfer-function suppression can be computed for this specific channel mix.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent freeze-in Boltzmann equation for the two-body Higgs/Higgsino decay and stop-scattering collision terms (following the treatment used for freeze-in axino distributions in the related 1707.06418-style analyses), tabulate f(q) versus m_axino, f_a, mu, and the Higgs/Higgsino/stop spectrum, and feed it to the CLASS ncdm module to obtain the model-specific transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 18, "rank_structure_formation": 8}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 86, "n_models": 82, "weight": 2162.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 39, "weight_structure_formation": 1085.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 38, "blocks_key_observables": 41, "blocks_all_observables": 5, "minor": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 75, "major_program": 7, "medium": 4}, "members": [{"model_id": "2205_12983_ultra_light_pion_baryon_wimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-Light Pion and Baryon WIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.12983", "score": 45, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No structure-formation pipeline exists for the mixed multi-field system of three dark pions plus superheavy dark baryons; halo and boson-star profiles for such pion/baryon admixtures are not calibrated by any simulation or solver referenced in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Schroedinger-Poisson solver such as PyUltraLight or AxioNyx to three coupled scalar fields with an additional cold particle component, and calibrate mixed halo/boson-star density profiles across the m_pi < 1 eV ULP regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_10100_inflationary_dark_photon_proca_stars_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced dark photon dark matter with Proca-star substructure", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.10100", "score": 43, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Proca/vector Schroedinger-Poisson simulation pipeline exists that evolves inflation-seeded small-scale vector isocurvature perturbations through collapse into Proca-star solitons and compact halos; the paper's numerical simulations are not released, so soliton and compact-halo mass functions cannot be regenerated across (m, H_I).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public wave-dark-matter Schroedinger-Poisson solver (e.g. PyUltraLight, AxioNyx, or GAMER's fuzzy-DM module) to three vector field components with initial conditions drawn from the inflationary longitudinal-mode power spectrum, and release calibrated soliton and compact-halo mass functions versus m and H_I.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_10029_b_l_gauged_pq_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L gauged Peccei-Quinn axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.10029", "score": 40.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No defect-network simulation exists for the post-inflationary PQ/fiveness breaking histories of this model, in particular the 10:1 relatively-prime charge structure whose string-domain-wall decay can dominate the axion abundance; the paper explicitly leaves one domain-wall-resolution scenario to detailed numerical simulations, so the dominant-DM corner of parameter space cannot be quantitatively evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice field-theory simulations of the coupled string-domain-wall network for the two-scalar (phi, phi_prime) fiveness potential with the 10:1 charge assignment, following the methodology of existing axion-string network simulations, and extract the network decay contribution to Omega_a h^2 and the domain-wall collapse condition as functions of F_A and the phase-transition ordering.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_04163_late_pq_phase_transition_axion_parametric_resonance_v1", "model_name": "Late-PQ-phase-transition axion parametric-resonance dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04163", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public lattice/field-evolution simulation exists for saxion parametric resonance after a late PQ phase transition, including the thermal PQ potential, backreaction, and dissipation into SM fields, so the axion yield and momentum spectrum rest on analytic scaling estimates only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the radial PQ-field potential with its thermal correction and the y P psi psi dissipation channel in a public lattice code such as CosmoLattice or LATTICEEASY, scan (f_a, m_s, T_c, n), and output the axion number density and momentum spectrum at the end of resonance.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_07838_axion_condensate_stimulated_decay_v1", "model_name": "Axion condensate dark matter with stimulated photon decays", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.07838", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated axion minicluster/axion-star population model (mass function, density profiles, and fraction of clumps satisfying the strong-resonance condition) is available to convert the per-clump burst estimate into predicted event rates and constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine existing post-inflationary axion lattice/N-body simulation results for minicluster mass functions and internal densities with the paper's resonance condition (growth rate times clump light-crossing time) to construct a population model, then fold it through radio-transient survey sensitivities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_13086_kinetically_coupled_axion_dilaton_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically coupled axion-dilaton fuzzy dark matter model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.13086", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The S8/weak-lensing comparison uses linear theory only; no nonlinear prescription or emulator exists for the matter power spectrum of a percent-level fuzzy-axion fraction coexisting with CDM in this two-field cosmology, which weak-lensing scales require.", "proposed_resolution": "Run mixed CDM plus ultralight-axion nonlinear evolution (e.g. AxioNyx-style or hybrid N-body with an axionEmu/axionHMcode-type halo-model calibration) for small fractions F around 0.01 and build a nonlinear correction usable in the weak-lensing likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_00208_hidden_sector_phase_transition_axion_minicluster_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector phase-transition axion minicluster dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.00208", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No field-theory simulation exists of axion evolution during a slow (H Delta t ~ 1) first-order hidden-sector phase transition with bubble nucleation and a discontinuous m_a(T); the density-contrast spectrum that seeds miniclusters rests on a toy bubble model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of the axion field with stochastic bubble nucleation and position-dependent oscillation onset, parameterized by (H Delta t, Delta s/s_plus, Lambda), and extract the resulting density-contrast power spectrum and minicluster seed mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_00208_hidden_sector_phase_transition_axion_minicluster_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector phase-transition axion minicluster dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.00208", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Minicluster survival, tidal disruption, and internal profiles from formation through the present-day Galactic halo are uncalibrated for this scenario (card marks present-day mass function as future work), so the compact fraction f_MC and lens profiles entering constraints are unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of minicluster collapse and subsequent tidal evolution in a Milky Way potential, initialized from the phase-transition density-contrast spectrum, to predict the z=0 minicluster mass-radius distribution and surviving compact fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_00430_axion_clump_photon_resonance_v1", "model_name": "Axion dark matter clump photon-resonance model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.00430", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Galactic axion-clump population is uncharacterized: no clump mass function, spatial distribution, or merger/encounter rate is provided or simulated, so neither the steady radio source counts nor the merger-transient rate can be predicted.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Schrodinger-Poisson / N-body simulations of axion clump (minicluster/axion-star) formation and mergers to derive a Milky-Way clump mass function, encounter rate, and post-merger remnant properties, parameterized by axion mass and self-coupling sign for reuse in the population route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_11470_massive_dark_photon_soliton_eft_v1", "model_name": "Massive dark photon soliton EFT", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.11470", "score": 35.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated soliton population model exists for vector fuzzy dark matter: predicting the expected number, mass function, and survival fraction of polarized solitons in galactic halos requires vector-field cosmological/halo simulations that have not been run or cited in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Run vector Schrodinger-Poisson halo simulations (extending scalar fuzzy-DM simulation codes to spin-1 fields) to calibrate a soliton mass function and polarization-state statistics, including depletion by resonant electromagnetic decay.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_qcd_axion_saxion_decay_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hot-and-cold dark matter from saxion decay", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 35.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The cold-axion abundance from N_DW = 1 string-wall network annihilation (setting the quoted f_a of (2.0-3.8)e10 GeV) depends on the network axion emission spectrum, which is only estimated from older field-theory simulations; the card marks the nonlinear calibration as unknown and the route step as simulation-calibrated only in a dated sense.", "proposed_resolution": "Recalibrate the string-wall axion emission using modern large-scale field-theoretic lattice simulations of post-inflation PQ-breaking networks (adaptive-mesh string simulations plus domain-wall annihilation runs), and fold the updated instantaneous emission spectrum into the semi-analytic abundance formula used in step s2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_01136_infrared_confining_fuzzy_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark matter from infrared confining dynamics", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.01136", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The finite-temperature axion mass m_a(T) from the infrared SU(3)_theta dynamics is only known from a dilute-instanton-style expression valid above a confinement-scale threshold; its behavior across the transition, which controls the oscillation onset and hence the relic band, has no lattice or otherwise controlled calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform a lattice calculation of the topological susceptibility of the SU(3)_theta sector with the model's light dark-quark content across the confinement transition (analogous to QCD chi(T) lattice studies), and feed the resulting m_a(T) into the misalignment calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_13333_rolling_pq_axion_bubble_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Rolling-PQ axion-bubble PBH seed model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.13333", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The fractions of hidden-monopole branches that set which regions end in the alternate axion minimum, and hence the bubble statistics, are only estimated; the paper itself states they should be determined by dedicated numerical calculations of the hidden U(1)_H monopole-induced potential dynamics.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice or numerical field-evolution simulations of the axion in the temporary Witten-effect potential across the two minima to calibrate the branch fractions entering the bubble-probability calculation, replacing the analytic estimate used in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_00208_pq_after_inflation_axion_minicluster_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflation PQ-breaking axion minicluster dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.00208", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The initial axion density-fluctuation spectrum from post-inflation strings and domain walls is uncalibrated for this model's general temperature-dependence exponent n (0-20); existing string-network simulations target the QCD axion case, leaving the minicluster seed spectrum uncertain.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend lattice simulations of PQ string/domain-wall networks through the oscillation epoch for generic ALP m_a(T) exponents n, extracting the initial density-contrast distribution that feeds the minicluster collapse estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_00208_pq_after_inflation_axion_minicluster_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflation PQ-breaking axion minicluster dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.00208", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The present-day minicluster population (surviving fraction f_MC, tidally processed mass-radius distribution, and Solar-neighborhood encounter statistics) is left as future work, blocking both lensing constraints and the direct-detection intermittency prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of minicluster collapse near matter-radiation equality and their tidal evolution in a Milky Way halo, delivering the z=0 (M_m, R_m, f_MC) distribution and local encounter-rate statistics for haloscope signal modeling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_01604_spectator_pq_ksvz_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axion dark matter with spectator PQ-field domain-wall solution", "family": "axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.01604", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The domain-wall/string-wall-network avoidance for N_DW > 1 rests on analytic scaling conditions (n >= 5, m >= 2n-1, spectator not re-randomizing the axion); no lattice field simulation of the coupled P-S-axion system verifies that dangerous defects indeed never form or collapse before the QCD epoch.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of the PQ field P and spectator S with the S^m P mixing operator through PQ breaking and the onset of S oscillation (extending existing axion string-wall network simulation codes), scanning (n, m, N_DW, lambda_s) to confirm the analytic uniform-displacement and collapse conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_16242_wimp_qcd_axion_emde_multicomponent_v1", "model_name": "Noninteracting WIMP and QCD axion dark matter in an early matter dominated epoch", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.16242", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear formation, survival, and present-day properties of axion miniclusters seeded by EMDE-enhanced perturbations are not simulation-calibrated (the card marks simulation_calibrated no), so the linear threshold estimate cannot be turned into a predicted minicluster mass function or detectability statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized with the EMDE-enhanced axion power spectrum at T_D in the 1-50 MeV range to calibrate the minicluster mass function, concentrations, and tidal survival, following the methodology of existing post-inflationary minicluster simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_0789_post_inflationary_axion_topological_defects_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary axion dark matter from topological defects", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.0789", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The relic-abundance prediction rests on dynamic-range-limited lattice simulations of the post-inflationary string-wall network; the extrapolation of the area parameter, scaling behavior, and mean radiated axion energy to the physical log(F_a/H) is the dominant systematic and shifts the predicted N_DW=1 mass window m_a=(0.8-1.3)e-4 eV.", "proposed_resolution": "Run high-dynamic-range string-wall simulations with adaptive mesh refinement (extending public AMR frameworks of the GRChombo/Buschmann-et-al type to N_DW>=1 wall networks), publish the radiated axion spectra and area-parameter scaling fits as data products, and quantify exact-scaling versus logarithmic-deviation systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09658_two_cosine_emergent_dark_energy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-cosine emergent dark-energy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09658", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Inhomogeneous trapping is not modeled: different patches of the universe can settle into different local minima of the two-cosine potential, producing domain walls and modified perturbations that the homogeneous background treatment cannot capture.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice scalar-field simulations of the two-cosine potential through the trapping epoch (adapting existing axion-string/domain-wall lattice codes) to quantify the fraction of Hubble patches trapped in adjacent minima and the resulting domain-wall energy density versus (c, n, z_tr).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_11243_kev_hidden_photon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "keV hidden photon dark matter for XENON1T and stellar cooling", "family": "hidden_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11243", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The small-scale structure prediction of the nonthermal (inflationary/misalignment) production mechanism is uncomputed: no transfer function or clump mass function exists for the potentially very large small-scale inhomogeneities the card flags, so obs_hp_nonthermal_abundance cannot be evaluated beyond the homogeneous abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the vector-field perturbation spectrum from inflationary fluctuation production with curvature coupling (lattice or linear mode evolution for the massive vector), derive the resulting isocurvature power spectrum and clump mass function, and connect to small-scale-structure and direct-detection substructure bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_12730_kinetically_misaligned_audible_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically misaligned audible axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12730", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public lattice or mode-evolution code covers tachyonic dark-photon production from a kinetically rotating (finite-velocity) ALP including nonlinear backreaction and energy backtransfer, so the ALP relic abundance is bounded rather than computed and the GW spectrum shape is only estimated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public lattice code such as CosmoLattice with a rotating complex PQ field coupled to a dark U(1) gauge field, simulate the kinetic-misalignment benchmarks of the paper, and tabulate the resulting dark-photon spectra, GW spectra, and residual ALP energy density over the (m_phi, f_phi, S_i, alpha) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_13445_mixed_cdm_ula_halo_model_v1", "model_name": "Mixed cold dark matter and ultralight axion halo model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.13445", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No mixed CDM+ULA simulation suite spans the model's applicability range (m_ax 1e-33 to 1e-21 eV, subdominant fractions of a few percent to ~25%), so the axionHMcode halo model is uncalibrated in nonlinear P(k), the halo cutoff mass M_cut, and soliton behavior at small ULA fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a grid of mixed-DM simulations combining N-body CDM with a Schrodinger-Poisson or Madelung ULA solver (extending AxioNyx or a PIC-based ULA code) over (m_ax, Omega_ax/Omega_d), and fit calibration residuals for axionHMcode's profiles, bias, and cutoff-mass prescriptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_axion_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public simulation pipeline maps a late second-order axion-like phase transition into a ScaM mass function and density profiles; the paper's initial-condition generator and N-body collapse runs are private and only qualitatively described.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing axion-minicluster simulation chain (lattice/field evolution of the scalar through the transition to set isocurvature initial conditions, then Gadget-style N-body collapse through matter-radiation equality) parameterized by transition temperature and scalar potential, releasing the resulting M_ScaM mass function and profile fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_5502_qcd_axion_string_radiation_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter from axionic string radiation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5502", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, large-dynamic-range axionic string-network simulation output (scaling parameter xi and radiated axion spectrum with controlled log(f_a/H) extrapolation) is attached to this card; the primary 512^3 lattice result leaves order-of-magnitude systematics in the string-radiated abundance and hence in the f_a bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt or rerun modern adaptive-mesh-refinement PQ field-theory simulations of the string network (including the N_DW=1 string-wall collapse epoch), publish xi(log), the instantaneous emission spectrum, and an explicit large-log extrapolation with uncertainty bands, and store these as tabulated calibration products for the abundance step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_06194_post_inflationary_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary ALP dark matter with white-noise isocurvature", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.06194", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The white-noise isocurvature spectrum is derived in the harmonic approximation with axion strings, domain walls, and minicluster formation explicitly neglected, and no simulation-calibrated correction to the isocurvature normalization and cutoff scale exists for this generic ALP mass-temperature model (n, b).", "proposed_resolution": "Run post-inflationary lattice field simulations of the ALP field with the temperature-dependent mass m_a(T) parameterized by (n, b), including string/domain-wall decay, and extract the corrected isocurvature power normalization, spectral cutoff, and minicluster fraction as fitting functions to feed the CLASS initial conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_07126_alp_catastrogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP catastrogenesis dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.07126", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated field-theory simulations of biased ALP string-wall networks exist in the late-annihilation (T_ann below ~100 eV) regime, so the GW spectral shape, the network annihilation dynamics, and the nonrelativistic ALP emission spectrum are all taken from scaling estimates calibrated elsewhere.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of biased N-vacua domain-wall networks (extending existing axion string-wall simulation codes or a CosmoLattice-class solver) across a grid of epsilon_b and sigma values, and publish fitted templates for Omega_GW(f) and the emitted ALP momentum spectrum as functions of (T_ann, sigma, epsilon_b).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_10857_2hdsmash_dfsz_axion_majoron_v1", "model_name": "2hdSMASH DFSZ axion-majoron dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.10857", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No axion string/domain-wall network simulation exists for the 2hdSMASH N_DW > 1 defect cosmology with bias-term destabilization, so the axion relic abundance beyond misalignment and the domain-wall viability condition rest on analytic estimates only.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing lattice axion-defect simulation frameworks (post-inflationary PQ string-wall network codes) to N_DW > 1 with an explicit PQ-breaking bias term, scanning v_S over the paper's 3.1e9-5.9e10 GeV range to output Omega_a h^2 and wall-annihilation epochs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_07639_gauged_global_qcd_axion_strings_v1", "model_name": "Gauged global string QCD axion model", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.07639", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological field-theory simulation exists for the two-scalar U(1)_Z x U(1)_PQ defect network with heavy-core global strings, gauge strings, and Y-junctions; the scaling density xi, loop distribution, and crucially the axion emission spectrum from heavy-core strings are all unquantified, so the enhanced-relic claim (m_a > 1e-5 eV as all of DM) rests on an assumed scaling regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend existing axion-string lattice simulation frameworks to evolve the two complex scalars plus the U(1)_Z gauge field with hierarchical VEVs, measure the Y-junction scaling parameters, loop distribution, and per-string axion emission spectrum, and feed these into the semi-analytic relic calculator to sharpen the opened axion mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_1774_thermal_qcd_axion_domain_wall_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal QCD axion hot dark matter with domain-wall cold axions", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The cold axion abundance from post-inflation string-wall network annihilation (including the N_DW >= 2 biased-wall case) is only estimated semi-analytically; no calibrated defect-network simulation result is attached to the card, so Omega_axion_CDM from step s2 carries order-of-magnitude uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run (or import spectra from) lattice field-theory simulations of axion string-wall networks around the QCD epoch, extract the emitted-axion spectrum and wall-annihilation time as functions of N_DW, f_a and the PQ bias term, and package the result as a fitting formula that replaces the current string-wall abundance estimate in step s2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_07662_variant_axion_domain_wall_safe_mev_dm_v1", "model_name": "variant axion model with domain-wall-safe PQ charges", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.07662", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The claim that meV variant axions can be the dominant dark matter rests on the post-inflationary string-wall decay abundance, which carries order-of-magnitude simulation uncertainty; no converged N_DW = 1 string-wall network simulation pins down Omega_a(m_a) well enough to decide whether the cooling-preferred window is a full-DM or subcomponent scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Use large-scale field-theory string-wall network simulations with controlled log(f_a/H) extrapolation (the ongoing adaptive-mesh axion-string simulation program) to narrow the cold-axion yield for N_DW = 1, and propagate the resulting Omega_a(m_a) band into the registry's relic-density and isocurvature checks for this model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_higgs_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public simulation pipeline exists for Higgs-like second-order phase-transition minicluster formation: neither the initial-condition generator (roll-off-time fluctuation field from the Higgs-like potential) nor the calibrated N-body collapse runs near matter-radiation equality are released, so the ScaM mass function and density profiles cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Higgs-like roll-off fluctuation field as an initial-condition module (filtered white noise mapped to overdensity, as described in the paper) and rerun the collapse with a public N-body code such as Gadget-4, releasing the resulting mass function and profile fits parameterized by transition temperature and quartic coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_higgs_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Milky Way survival of generic ScaMs against stellar encounters is only estimated by analogy with axion-minicluster disruption simulations, which assume different (denser) profiles; no ScaM-specific tidal-survival calculation exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun stellar-encounter disruption Monte Carlo simulations (following the arXiv:2011.05377 methodology) with ScaM profiles from the N-body collapse runs, producing a survival fraction S(M, rho, orbit) usable as a correction in the lensing likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1903_05090_axion_quark_nugget_survival_distribution_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter with survival-based size distribution", "family": "axion_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.05090", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code implements AQN formation from axion domain-wall collapse at the QCD epoch and subsequent early-universe survival, so the surviving baryon-charge distribution dN/dB (B_min, slope alpha, B_cut) cannot be computed from model inputs (m_a, T_form).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's domain-wall collapse and plasma-annihilation survival semi-analytics as a public code parameterized by (m_a, T_form, initial distribution), validated against the quoted T_form ~ 41 MeV and B_min ~ 1e24 survival benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_12326_qcd_axion_dark_photon_fermion_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with a dark photon-fermion nonlinear sector", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.12326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear simulation exists of an axion superradiant cloud coupled to a massless dark photon through a F' F' / f'_a with f'_a near 1e11 GeV, so the claimed damping of spin-down (tachyonic dark-photon production threshold, energy escape versus reabsorption, cloud saturation amplitude) rests on analytic estimates only.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3+1 field-theory simulations of the coupled axion-dark-photon system on a Kerr background (extending existing axion-photon superradiance lattice codes to a massless hidden vector) to calibrate the saturation amplitude and effective spin-down rate as functions of m_a, f'_a, and black-hole spin.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_08407_time_varying_pq_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with time-varying Peccei-Quinn scale", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.08407", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No lattice or mode-function calculation exists for parametric-resonance decay of the complex PQ field with a temperature-tracking f_PQ and thermal portal scalar, so the axion and radial-mode number densities and the axion momentum spectrum needed for the abundance and coldness test are only rough analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PQ-field plus portal-scalar potential with its finite-temperature corrections in a public lattice code such as CosmoLattice (or a linearized mode-function solver for the early stage), scan (f_PQ^0, g, lambda_S, initial displacement), and output tabulated axion/radial spectra and n_r/n_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_21_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 2.1 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Model 2.1's post-inflationary target window has N_DW=3, so the relic abundance is set by a long-lived string-wall network whose decay requires an explicit bias term; no simulation-calibrated prediction of the axion yield from a biased N_DW=3 wall network exists for this route.", "proposed_resolution": "Run (or adopt from the lattice literature) field-theory simulations of biased N_DW=3 string-wall networks to extract the axion emission spectrum and wall-decay time as functions of the bias parameter, and package the result as a fitting function for the relic calculator of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_22_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 2.2 axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "For the post-inflationary history this model permits, the axion abundance from string-wall network decay with the reduced domain-wall number is not simulation-calibrated, leaving an order-unity uncertainty in the predicted m_A giving the full relic density.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt or extend published post-inflationary axion string-wall lattice simulation results (spectral-index-calibrated emission fits) for the N_DW value of this construction, and propagate the quoted systematic band into the relic prediction rather than a single misalignment estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_32_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 3.2 scalar-singlet plus 10_F axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The post-inflationary scenario with reduced but possibly nonunity domain-wall number has no quantitative axion-abundance prediction: string-wall network emission for this model's N_DW is not computed, and the card notes such histories require an explicit domain-wall solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt published lattice string-wall network simulation results (axion emission spectra as a function of N_DW and wall-bias term) to this model's domain-wall number, or run a dedicated field-theory lattice simulation of the PQ-breaking network to obtain the post-inflationary abundance and minicluster spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04677_qcd_axion_strings_post_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary QCD axion dark matter from string-network radiation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04677", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, reusable lattice string-network simulation code with cleaned numerical outputs (string density xi, emission spectrum) is available; the paper's simulation is private and limited to modest m_r/H scale separations.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the PQ-scalar lattice simulation (e.g. building on public codes such as jaxions or CosmoLattice-style field solvers) with adaptive-mesh refinement to push m_r/H, and publish the attractor xi(log) and instantaneous emission spectrum F(k) as tabulated data products.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11885_nonzero_velocity_axion_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Nonzero-initial-velocity axion misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11885", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The topological-defect (string and domain-wall) relic contribution for post-inflationary PQ breaking is uncalibrated: no defect-network simulation output with a converged decay spectrum is available to add to the nonzero-velocity misalignment abundance, so post-inflationary parameter scans are incomplete.", "proposed_resolution": "Run (or adopt converged results from) large-scale axion string/domain-wall network simulations for N_DW = 1 and tabulate the emitted axion spectrum as a correction term to the misalignment abundance, parameterized so it can be combined with the nonzero-velocity result.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_09679_su2r_axiogenesis_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_R axiogenesis with QCD axion kinetic-misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.09679", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The axion yield from the rotating PQ field carries an unquantified order-one uncertainty from parametric-resonance fluctuation production and axion self-scattering thermalization; no lattice or nonlinear field simulation of the rotating complex PQ field in this kinetic-misalignment regime backs the analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run classical lattice field-theory simulations (e.g. with a CosmoLattice-class code) of the rotating complex PQ field including the higher-dimensional PQ-breaking potential, tracking fragmentation, parametric resonance, and self-scattering to calibrate the axion number yield as a function of f_a and Y_P.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05501_friendly_axion_pair_v1", "model_name": "Friendly coupled axion dark matter pair", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05501", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public 3+1D lattice-simulation pipeline exists for the coupled two-axion potential with nearby masses and hierarchical decay constants, including autoresonant energy transfer, oscillon formation and lifetimes, and convergence-checked final component abundances; homogeneous autoresonance estimates are explicitly unreliable in the nonlinear regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public scalar-field lattice code (e.g. CosmoLattice or AxioNyx) with the coupled two-axion potential over (mu, F/f, initial angles), add an oscillon finder and per-field abundance extraction, and run a resolution-convergence study reproducing the paper's abundance-equilibration benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_10486_qcd_axion_parametric_resonance_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter from Peccei-Quinn-field parametric resonance", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.10486", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public lattice-simulation campaign extracts the full axion momentum distribution from PQ radial-field parametric resonance across the model's quartic and quadratic potentials and the f_a = 1e8-1e11 GeV range; only a single internal LATTICEEASY check of number density and N_p = O(100) is reported, so the spectrum needed for the LSS recast does not exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Run LATTICEEASY (or CosmoLattice) simulations of the oscillating PQ field for a grid of (S_i, m_S,i, potential shape), extract and publish tabulated axion f(p) spectra including the saxion-thermalization dilution history, parameterized for downstream Boltzmann use.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_01739_qcd_axion_domain_wall_pbh_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-axion domain-wall PBH mixed dark matter scenario", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.01739", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public simulation of the N_DW=1 axion string-wall network with PQ breaking during inflation and late horizon re-entry provides the closed-wall area fraction and closed-wall size distribution; the key input F_closed of about 0.8 is a quoted percolation result that cannot be independently reproduced or varied.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a field-theory lattice simulation (or a calibrated percolation study) of the N_DW=1 string-wall network at horizon re-entry with inflation-stretched initial phase correlations, outputting the closed-wall fraction and size spectrum as a function of the re-entry configuration for public reuse.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_15920_long_lived_axion_domain_wall_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived axion domain wall dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.15920", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relic formula is extrapolated from the constant-thickness N_DW=2 benchmark; no simulations cover time-dependent QCD wall thickness, N_DW>2, or full complex-field string-wall networks, which the card flags as needed for the QCD-axion and general-ALP application.", "proposed_resolution": "Run complex-PQ-field lattice simulations with a temperature-dependent axion mass (time-dependent wall thickness) and N_DW>=2 biased potentials to test whether the benchmark scaling and abundance fit survive in the physical QCD/ALP regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1202_5851_post_inflation_string_wall_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflation N_DW=1 QCD axion dark matter with string-wall decay production", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5851", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, large-dynamical-range lattice simulation of N_DW=1 axion string-wall network collapse backs the card's relic prediction; the private simulation's compressed dynamical range and extrapolated string/wall scaling parameters and epsilon_w dominate the quoted uncertainty on Omega_a,tot h^2 and the F_a window.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the PQ-field lattice simulation with a released code at larger dynamical range (adaptive-mesh or large static grids), publish the string scaling parameter, wall area parameter, and wall-decay spectrum epsilon_w with convergence tests, and propagate the calibrated values into the abundance formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_00669_nonrelativistic_axion_eft_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonrelativistic axion EFT dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.00669", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver couples the matched (and, for dense condensates, resummed) axion EFT effective potential to self-gravity to produce axion-star profiles and stability indicators; existing ultralight-dark-matter GPP codes implement gravity-only or simple-quartic dynamics, not this model's higher-order resummed V_eff.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson solver (PyUltraLight-style pseudo-spectral, or a stationary shooting code) to take the paper's resummed V_eff(psi*psi) as input, and validate the dilute limit against known quartic axion-star mass-radius relations before scanning (m_a, f_a).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_04902_majoron_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive majoron misalignment dark matter in a lepton-number breaking phase-transition model", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.04902", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical model of the post-transition string/domain-wall network exists for this scenario, so the defect contribution to the majoron relic abundance (majoron radiation from strings, wall annihilation) and the viability of specific explicit-breaking operators are judged only qualitatively, leaving the misalignment abundance estimate uncontrolled.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice field-theory simulations of the global/gauged U(1)_L string network with the explicit-breaking bias term (axion-string-network methodology adapted to majorons) to compute the defect-radiated majoron spectrum and wall-decay timescales as functions of the breaking operator, and package the result as a correction factor on Omega_J(m_J, v_L, theta_J).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_00999_multi_ultralight_axion_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-ultralight-axion mixed dark matter", "family": "multi_component_ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00999", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure-formation simulations for multi-ULA (and mixed ULA+CDM) cosmologies are lacking, so the halo and subhalo mass-function predictions rest on uncalibrated semi-analytic Press-Schechter mappings.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of nonlinear simulations for two-ULA and ULA+CDM mixtures (N-body with multi-ULA initial transfer functions, plus targeted Schrodinger-Poisson or fuzzy-DM-solver runs where wave effects matter) to calibrate the halo-mass-function cutoff against the semi-analytic prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_02049_coherent_incoherent_bosonic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Coherent-incoherent self-interacting bosonic dark matter framework", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.02049", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological solver exists that co-evolves the coherent condensate (Gross-Pitaevskii) with the incoherent higher-momentum component (kinetic equation) under a shared gravitational potential including the order-g^2 collisional transfer terms; existing fuzzy-DM wave solvers evolve only a pure condensate.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public pseudo-spectral Schroedinger-Poisson code (e.g. AxioNyx or PyUltraLight-class solvers) with a coupled N-body or Vlasov module for the incoherent component plus the g^2 condensate-particle exchange terms, and validate against the CDM and pure-FDM limiting cases listed in the card's validation tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_06473_brickred_axion_neutrino_mediators_v1", "model_name": "BrickRed KSVZ axion with colored neutrino-mass mediators", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.06473", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "For post-inflationary PQ breaking the axion relic abundance from string/domain-wall decay is not calculable within the card's analytic misalignment estimate, so the defect-contribution flag in compute_relic_filters cannot be turned into a quantitative Omega_a h^2 for that history.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt calibrated string/domain-wall axion-emission results from existing large-scale lattice field simulations of post-inflationary PQ networks (parameterized as a defect enhancement factor over misalignment for N_DW=1) and add that parameterization to the relic-filter step; a new simulation campaign is not needed if published calibrations are ingested.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_16087_ksvz_axion_dgt5_q_decay_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axion dark matter with dimension-greater-than-five heavy-quark decays", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.16087", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The post-inflationary string/domain-wall axion production contribution is omitted from the abundance contours because no calibrated defect-emission result exists for an early-matter-domination expansion history; existing axion-string simulations assume radiation domination, so the defect branch of the constraint cannot be evaluated for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run axion string/domain-wall network simulations (or extend published scaling-network emission fits) with a matter-dominated background during Q domination to calibrate the defect-sourced axion spectrum and abundance, providing a correction factor to the misalignment-only Omega_a h^2 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1708_05008_qcd_axion_dark_photon_depletion_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark-photon depletion model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1708.05008", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public simulation handles the tachyonic/parametric axion-dark-photon energy transfer including dark-photon backscattering into axions; the primary calculation assumes small backscattering and its own validity constraint (backscattering_numerical_validity) marks strong-coupling points untrustworthy.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3+1D lattice simulations of the axion plus dark U(1) gauge field with the temperature-dependent QCD axion mass and enhanced a F_D F_Dtilde coupling (e.g. extend CosmoLattice's axion-gauge module), mapping the depletion factor and Delta N_eff over (f_a, theta_i, coupling hierarchy) including full backreaction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2012_07602_two_component_ultralight_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component ultralight axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2012.07602", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated nonlinear simulation capability exists for two-component ultralight-axion dark matter across mass ratios and density fractions: halo mass function, coexisting-soliton structure, and granularity for mixed (m_1, m_2, Omega_1:Omega_2) are known only from isolated related-literature benchmarks, and the card marks nonlinear structure simulation_calibrated: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of two-field Schroedinger-Poisson simulations (extending GAMER or AxioNyx wave-DM solvers to two wavefunctions with a shared potential) initialized from MASTER transfer functions, spanning mass ratios 10-100 and minor fractions 0-0.5, and calibrate fitting functions for the halo mass function and soliton-halo relation in the mixed case.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_05771_warm_inflation_pq_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with Peccei-Quinn breaking during warm inflation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.05771", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PQ field dynamics through the thermal transition during warm inflation — in particular the tachyonic growth phase and whether the symmetry is restored after inflation — is only treated semi-analytically; no lattice or numerical field-evolution result exists to validate the transition timing and the resulting axion fluctuation spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of the complex PQ scalar coupled to the warm-inflation thermal bath (extending existing PQ phase-transition lattice codes with a T(N) background and dissipation term) to compute the tachyonic dynamics, check post-inflation non-restoration, and extract the axion isocurvature spectrum versus transition e-fold N_c.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_09610_dfsz_axion_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axion model with electroweak-scale scalar sector", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09610", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The axion relic density from topological-defect (string and domain-wall) decay is not calculable for this model with any public tool; the defect contribution in the post-inflationary PQ-breaking scenario carries order-of-magnitude uncertainty, leaving Omega_a h^2 undetermined beyond the misalignment estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a parameterized defect-decay emission spectrum calibrated to large-scale axion-string network simulations, implement it alongside a standard misalignment solver, and propagate the simulation spread as a systematic band on Omega_a h^2(f_a); track convergence of ongoing community string simulations for the N_DW = 6 DFSZ domain-wall structure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_11822_alp_photon_dark_photon_depletion_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with photon-dark-photon gauge-field depletion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.11822", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The post-inflationary inhomogeneous scenario (epsilon ~ 10^4-10^6, string/domain-wall initial conditions) is only qualitative because current lattice resolution cannot resolve the relevant spectra; relic abundance and B_0 windows may shift with proper string-network initial conditions.", "proposed_resolution": "Run high-resolution lattice simulations with string-network initial conditions (adaptive-mesh or large static grids as in modern axion-string studies) coupled to the gauge sector, to quantify how initial inhomogeneity changes the depletion factor and magnetic spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04638_axion_monodromy_scalar_clump_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-monodromy scalar clump dark matter from parametric resonance", "family": "axion_like_scalar_clump_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04638", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated clump mass function or aggregation history exists for delayed parametric-resonance fragmentation of the axion-monodromy field; collapse times and soliton seed properties are only rough analytic scaling estimates, so the predicted clump population is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3+1D nonlinear simulations of the oscillating scalar with the mass-plus-cosine monodromy potential in a radiation-dominated background, adapting an existing lattice code (e.g. CosmoLattice) for the resonant growth phase and a Schroedinger-Poisson solver (e.g. PyUltraLight/AxioNyx-class codes) for soliton formation and aggregation, and extract a clump mass-radius function versus (m0, M_I, f, T_g).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_04638_polynomial_scalar_clump_dm_v1", "model_name": "Polynomial self-interacting scalar clump dark matter", "family": "scalar_clump_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04638", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated prediction exists for the nonlinear fragmentation and ballistic aggregation of the tachyonically unstable scalar into clumps; the clump mass-radius distribution over (m, c1, c2, rho_I, T_cs) is only an analytic scaling estimate, leaving the population prediction and its relic-fraction normalization uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate the phi^4-minus/phi^6-plus scalar in an expanding radiation-era background with a lattice code (e.g. CosmoLattice) through fragmentation, then follow soliton collisions and aggregation with a nonrelativistic Schroedinger-Poisson solver, and fit a clump mass function and survival fraction versus the instability temperature T_cs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_03518_corrected_alp_pq_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with radiative, thermal, and geometric PQ-field corrections", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.03518", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public numerical code evolves the corrected PQ-field system (Coleman-Weinberg + thermal + curvature terms) with saxion oscillations, parametric resonance, and tachyonic production to output cold/warm axion and saxion yields; both upstream route steps are done only by in-paper numerics.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a dedicated PQ-field evolution solver (homogeneous-mode ODEs plus linear mode functions for resonance/tachyonic bands, or an adapted CosmoLattice run for the nonlinear regime) parameterized by f_a, lambda, H_I, S_i, reheating temperature, thermal couplings, and curvature couplings, releasing yields and momentum spectra on a benchmark grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_1262_susy_axion_hybrid_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "SUSY axion hybrid-inflation model with saxion-diluted axion dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.1262", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The topological-defect (string and domain-wall) axion contribution to the relic abundance at f_a near 1e15 GeV with N=1 and subsequent saxion entropy dilution is uncalibrated; the route caveat says it can only be bracketed, leaving an order-unity uncertainty on Omega_a h^2.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt published axion string-network simulation emission spectra (extrapolated in log(f_a/H)) to this scenario by adding the saxion matter-dominated epoch and dilution factor to the semi-analytic defect-emission abundance formula, and propagate the simulation scatter as a bracketed systematic on Omega_a h^2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_07779_susy_instanton_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric instanton-generated ultralight axion", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07779", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation is uncalibrated for this model: the card marks halo and subhalo mass-function effects as expected-but-unsupplied and simulation_calibrated as unknown, so predictions at and below ~10 kpc rely on linear-theory extrapolation.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate a halo/subhalo mass-function suppression fitting function from existing fuzzy-DM Schroedinger-Poisson simulation suites over m_a = 1e-22 to 1e-21 eV, including sub-unity axion fractions per the route's validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_07086_clockwork_axion_defect_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Clockwork axion with defect-network cosmology", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.07086", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No field-theory or Nambu-Goto simulation of the clockwork defect network (strings and gear-mode domain walls with clockwork-suppressed tension) exists to calibrate the network scaling density, axion emission efficiency, and emission spectrum; the route currently rests on analytic estimates whose validity breaks down in the high-f regime where Delta N_eff > 0.1 is claimed.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice field-theory simulations of the N+1 clockwork scalar system through the PQ phase transition (extending existing axion-string simulation frameworks to nearest-neighbor clockwork potentials), extract the network scaling parameters and the emitted-axion spectrum as functions of N, q, and the gear mass spectrum, and fit a calibrated emission model to replace the analytic estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_10739_electroweak_symmetric_dark_matter_ball_v1", "model_name": "Electroweak symmetric dark matter ball", "family": "macroscopic_higgs_portal_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.10739", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The soliton formation efficiency and charge distribution from dark-matter-number trapping by expanding bubbles in a first-order electroweak phase transition are uncertain, so the present-day ball mass function and local flux normalization entering the encounter rate are not calculable.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of the complex scalar field during a first-order electroweak phase transition (with the transition parameters obtained from a CosmoTransitions-style effective-potential analysis) to extract the trapped-charge and soliton mass distributions as a function of the asymmetry and portal coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_01007_alp_dark_photon_audible_axion_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle coupled to a light dark photon", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.01007", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, validated lattice pipeline exists for the coupled ALP-dark-photon system (phi X Xdual/4f with alpha_D ~ 10-100) through nonlinear backreaction, so the dark-photon spectrum, ALP depletion factor, and GW anisotropic-stress source are only available as analytic/linear templates; the paper's improved Python simulation is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the axion-dark-photon Chern-Simons coupling in CosmoLattice (which already supports abelian gauge fields) or publicly release the paper's solver, and run a grid over (alpha_D, m_X/m_a, initial misalignment) to tabulate GW spectra and ALP depletion factors validated against the published audible-axion template scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_07114_multifield_ultralight_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multifield ultralight dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.07114", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public multifield Schroedinger-Poisson solver exists for N independent ultralight scalar fields with equal or different masses; the primary-paper simulation code is private, blocking reproduction of halo granularity and soliton structure for arbitrary (N, m_i).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public Schroedinger-Poisson code (e.g. PyUltraLight, AxioNyx, or a GAMER wave-DM branch) to evolve N coupled wavefunctions sourcing a common gravitational potential, and validate against the paper's N=1 limit and equal-mass granularity suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503057_axion_trapping_cosmic_string_wakes_v1", "model_name": "Axion trapping by cosmic string wakes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503057", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The post-QCD nonlinear evolution of the released sheet-like axion overdensities to low redshift is uncomputed (route caveat: post-QCD nonlinear evolution is unresolved), so there is no prediction of the present-day morphology, mass, or abundance of the sheets that any survey could target.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body or Press-Schechter-style seeded-collapse simulations initialized with the sheet-like isocurvature profiles from the wake code, tracking fragmentation into axion miniclusters/sheets down to z=0 and outputting their mass function and clustering.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_0221_model_independent_string_qcd_axion_domain_wall_one_v1", "model_name": "Model-independent string QCD axion with domain wall number one", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.0221", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, calibrated simulation or emulator for the N_DW=1 axion string-wall network: the defect-decay axion spectrum and its relic-abundance factor A_xi are taken from private lattice runs with large dynamic-range extrapolation, so the post-inflation defect contribution to Omega_a h^2 cannot be recomputed for this model's f_a range.", "proposed_resolution": "Run modern lattice field-theory simulations of the string-wall network for N_DW=1 (following the Hiramatsu/Kawasaki-style setups cited via arXiv:1202.5851) across the f_a in 1e10-1e12 GeV window, and release a fitted emulator mapping (f_a, N_DW=1) to the radiated axion spectrum and relic abundance with quantified extrapolation systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04426_condensed_axion_cooling_v1", "model_name": "Condensed-phase axion/ALP dark-matter cooling scenario", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04426", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No validated calculation or field simulation exists for axion/ALP Bose-Einstein condensate formation with the long-range gravitational correlation required to cool primordial hydrogen; the card treats the condensed phase and its hydrogen momentum-exchange rate as an assumption whose validity is flagged as debated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run self-gravitating scalar-field (Schrodinger-Poisson) simulations of the axion subcomponent through z ~ 200-20 to quantify condensate coherence length and the gravitationally mediated axion-hydrogen momentum-exchange rate, and publish the resulting cooling rate as a fitting function usable in thermal-history codes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_07176_qcd_axion_early_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with early matter domination", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.07176", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear formation, mass function, and late-time tidal survival of axion miniclusters seeded by EMDE-enhanced small-scale perturbations (including the homogenized-field T_R < 58 MeV regime) have not been simulated, so the initial M_mc estimates cannot be propagated to present-day observables.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized with the EMDE-enhanced axion perturbation spectrum (analogous to existing post-inflationary minicluster simulations) through matter-radiation equality, then couple to a semi-analytic tidal-stripping model to obtain the surviving minicluster mass function and compactness distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_09836_curvature_coupled_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-coupled (pseudo-)scalar dark matter", "family": "curvature_coupled_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09836", "score": 21.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nonlinear collapse and survival of the small-scale density clumps implied by the peaked fluctuation spectrum are unsimulated: no calibration exists for the clump mass function, density profiles, or tidal survival, leaving the small-scale clumpiness observable qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations seeded with the model's peaked isocurvature spectrum, following the axion-minicluster simulation methodology, to calibrate a clump mass function and survival fraction, and derive the transfer-function/halo-model quantities the card's structure_formation block leaves unknown.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_10415_bl_origin_qcd_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "B-L origin QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.10415", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The staged B-L/PQ symmetry-breaking history can produce a string-domain-wall network (despite effective N_dw=1) whose viability under post-inflationary restoration is asserted but not simulated; no defect-network simulation exists for this two-stage breaking pattern with Z6R structure.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice field-theory simulations of the sequential B-L and PQ phase transitions (or adapt existing axion string-wall network codes) parameterized by the breaking order, T_max, and reheating history, to map which histories avoid stable walls and to quantify any defect contribution to the axion abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_06203_on_axion_like_angular_dm_production_v1", "model_name": "O(N) axion-like angular dark matter production model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.06203", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The O(N) lattice code used to compute defect evolution and axion-like number density is private, and its results carry unresolved string-core and finite-dynamic-range extrapolation systematics, so the production efficiency for the physical rapid-mass-turn-on regime cannot be independently recomputed or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Release the described C++ lattice implementation, or reimplement the O(N) potential with temperature-dependent explicit breaking in a public lattice framework (e.g. CosmoLattice or jaxions), and run adaptive-mesh or larger-dynamic-range simulations to control the string-core extrapolation of n_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_01107_axion_dm_dark_higgs_ede_trapping_v1", "model_name": "Axion dark matter with dark-Higgs early-dark-energy trapping", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.01107", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The explosive tachyonic production of dark photons from axion oscillations, including backreaction and the resulting axion depletion that sets both the dark-matter abundance and the trapping dark-photon bath, is treated only with semi-analytic approximations; no nonlinear simulation calibrated for this axion-dark-photon-dark-Higgs system exists on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3+1D lattice simulations of the coupled axion-dark-photon-dark-Higgs system (e.g. by extending CosmoLattice's gauge-field sector) over the m_phi-f_phi plane, and calibrate a semi-analytic depletion/production module against them for use in parameter scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_18524_pq_inflation_axion_dm_higher_dimensional_v1", "model_name": "PQ inflation axion dark matter with higher-dimensional operators", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.18524", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No lattice simulation exists of the post-inflation resonant amplification, PQ symmetry restoration, and subsequent axion string/domain-wall network for this model, so the defect contribution to Omega_a and the final (inhomogeneous) axion field configuration are unquantified beyond the paper's qualitative argument.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3+1D classical lattice simulations (CosmoLattice or equivalent) of the PQ field after inflation for benchmark (g, l, xi, f) points to determine the restoration criterion and defect formation, then attach existing axion string-network scaling results (arXiv:1507.00119-style extrapolations) to convert defect densities into an axion abundance with quantified N_DW dependence.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_09245_qcd_axion_alp_pq_breaking_mixing_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion-ALP mass mixing with explicit PQ symmetry breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.09245", "score": 19.7, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Possible domain-wall formation triggered by level crossing in the two-axion system is only noted qualitatively; no field-theory lattice simulation of the two-field potential with explicit PQ breaking exists to determine whether defects form and with what energy budget.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice field simulations of the coupled axion/ALP fields across the level-crossing epoch for representative (N_H, r_m, R_m) benchmarks to determine domain-wall formation, network evolution, and contribution to the energy density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1606_02389_hidden_pq_higgs_axion_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Hidden Peccei-Quinn Higgs double-field axion-inflation model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1606.02389", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The axionic-string/domain-wall relic abundance for this model's specific PQ-breaking history rests on a qualitative dilution argument; no lattice simulation of the hidden-PQ field with its explicit breaking terms has been run to confirm defects are non-catastrophic.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a PQ-field lattice simulation (adapting existing axion-string network codes) for the model's breaking epoch and domain-wall number N, or, for the pre-inflationary branch, formalize the analytic dilution bound in N_e and verify the H_inf < 2 f_a/N condition across the viable parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_13116_low_scale_hypercolor_axion_domain_wall_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale hypercolor axion-domain-wall dark sector", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.13116", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No axion string-wall network simulation exists for a domain-wall network destabilized by a low-scale hypercolor instanton bias; existing lattice defect simulations assume the standard QCD-only potential, so the wall-decay axion abundance and the upper f_a bound carry uncalibrated network and emission-spectrum uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend existing axion string-wall lattice simulation setups (e.g. the Kawasaki-Saikawa type field-theory simulations) to include a subdominant HC-instanton bias term in the axion potential, and fit the resulting wall decay time and axion emission spectrum as functions of Lambda_HC and f_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_02025_charged_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Charged scalar field dark matter with dark photon", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02025", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical Schrodinger-Poisson / Klein-Gordon-Poisson simulation exists for charged SFDM halos with excited 'atomic' states and dark-photon coupling; the paper's halo-state occupation results rest on analytic toy solutions only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Schrodinger-Poisson solver (e.g. PyUltraLight- or AxioNyx-class codes) to a two-component complex field coupled to a dark U(1) gauge field, and simulate ground/excited-state halo configurations to test the atomic-halo ansatz.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_14288_two_component_wave_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-component wave dark matter with distinct boson masses", "family": "multi_component_fuzzy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.14288", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public cosmological solver evolves two gravitationally coupled ultralight scalar wave functions with distinct masses; the primary simulations exist but are unreleased and cover only 75/25 fractions with mass ratios 3:1 and 1:3, so soliton coexistence and rotation curves cannot be predicted elsewhere in the (m_major, m_minor, f) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public wave-dark-matter simulation code (e.g. the GAMER ELBDM spectral solver or PyUltraLight) to two coupled Schrodinger fields sharing one Poisson potential, validate against the published 3:1 concentric-soliton and 1:3 no-minor-soliton results, and scan mass ratios and fractions to fit a two-component core-halo relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_05492_trapped_axion_dark_photon_production_v1", "model_name": "Trapped-axion resonant dark photon production", "family": "dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.05492", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No lattice or nonlinear mode-solver calculation exists for the trapped-axion release benchmark: the dark-photon spectrum, backreaction on the axion condensate, final axion/dark-photon energy ratio, and the predicted reduction of polarization asymmetry are all uncomputed for the delayed-release (H_release << m_a) regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3+1D lattice simulations of the coupled axion-dark-photon system (extending an existing axion-gauge-field lattice framework such as CosmoLattice) initialized from the trapped-then-released axion configuration, scanning alpha/f_a, m_a/H_release, and trapping-potential heights, and output the dark-photon spectrum, polarization fractions, and final energy partition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0308183_inhomogeneous_dilaton_oscillatons_v1", "model_name": "Inhomogeneous dilaton oscillaton dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0308183", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Whether inhomogeneous dilaton regions actually gravitationally cool into long-lived oscillatons — the mechanism the galactic dark-matter component depends on — has never been simulated for this model: existing oscillaton/boson-star collapse results use minimally coupled scalars with simple potentials, not the non-minimal curvature coupling and trough-tail dilaton potential with m_phi ~ 20-270 MeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public numerical-relativity or Newtonian scalar-collapse code (e.g., GRChombo or an axion-star solver) with the scalar-tensor non-minimal coupling and the dilaton trough potential, evolve representative post-reheating overdensities, and measure cooling efficiency, oscillaton lifetimes, and the resulting mass-radius relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9807374_n1_axion_wall_decay_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "N=1 axion domain-wall decay dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9807374", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public high-dynamic-range simulation of the N=1 string-wall network reaches physically relevant v_a/m_a; the wall-decay Lorentz factor gamma (7 measured at v_a/m_a=500, about 60 extrapolated) and the radiated axion spectrum that set both the relic contribution and the population-II velocity dispersion are extrapolations with order-of-magnitude uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run modern adaptive-mesh or large-lattice field-theory simulations of the post-QCD N=1 string-wall network (in the style of recent AMR axion-string codes) to larger log(v_a/m_a), extracting the wall-decay axion energy spectrum and a fitted scaling law for gamma versus v_a/m_a.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9807374_n1_axion_wall_decay_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "N=1 axion domain-wall decay dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9807374", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The minicluster fate of the two axion populations is uncomputed: the card marks halo/subhalo effects 'not calculated' and simulation_calibrated 'no', so the fraction of wall-decay (population II) axions that avoid minicluster binding and their tidal-stripping history in the Galactic halo — the inputs to both the smooth-component observable and the local cavity phase space — are unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of minicluster formation seeded by the two-population initial phase space (cold population I plus high-dispersion population II) and follow tidal disruption in a Milky-Way potential to output the local smooth density fraction and velocity distribution of each population.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1607_04294_dynamical_decay_constant_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with a dynamical decay constant", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.04294", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The overclosure condition from enhanced perturbations (validity domain avoid_domain_wall_overclosure) is only an analytic criterion: whether field fluctuations exceeding the axion period at QCD potential turn-on produce domain walls or axion miniclusters requires a nonlinear field simulation that does not exist for the dynamical-f case.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of the axion field with the time-dependent kinetic coefficient through the QCD mass turn-on to map the (f_inf/f0, n, theta_i) region that forms domain walls or overdense miniclusters, calibrating the analytic overclosure boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_08425_high_tension_string_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "High-tension string-theory QCD axion-string dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.08425", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Existing axion-string network simulations are field-theory codes at logarithmically enhanced tension and cannot reach the high-tension string-theory regime (large mu_eff, reconnection probability P <= 1, modulus-regulated cores), so the string-radiated axion spectrum and GW background rely on extrapolated scaling relations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend Nambu-Goto or field-theory string-network simulations with an effective high-tension, low-reconnection parameterization (mu_eff, P) and a domain-wall collapse module near the QCD epoch, calibrating the axion emission spectrum and Omega_GW(f) to replace the scaling-relation estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 19, "rank_structure_formation": 14}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "PBH formation & abundance pipeline", "n_gaps": 89, "n_models": 84, "weight": 2068.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 24, "weight_structure_formation": 653.7, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 62, "degrades_precision": 15, "blocks_all_observables": 11, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 66, "small": 17, "large": 6}, "members": [{"model_id": "2004_14773_pbh_evaporated_ncdm_v1", "model_name": "Non-cold fermionic dark matter from primordial black hole evaporation", "family": "primordial_black_hole_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.14773", "score": 36, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No released pipeline connects the Hawking-emission spectrum and evaporation-history redshifting to the CLASS ncdm f(q) input; the paper's implementation is private, so the transfer-function route cannot be reproduced end to end.", "proposed_resolution": "Write and release a small converter that takes BlackHawk (or analytic) emission spectra, applies the radiation- vs PBH-dominated redshifting branches, and outputs a CLASS-ready tabulated psd file, validated against the paper's transfer-function fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_11522_pbh_superradiance_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy scalar dark matter from primordial-black-hole superradiance", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.11522", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the coupled system of Kerr PBH mass, spin, superradiant bound-state occupation, and DM number density used by the paper; the dedicated superradiance solver is not released, and existing PBH codes (BlackHawk, FRISBHEE, ULYSSES) omit the superradiance channel entirely.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public PBH-cosmology framework (FRISBHEE or the ULYSSES PBH modules, with BlackHawk-style Kerr greybody evolution) by adding the analytic superradiance rate equations for the dominant scalar bound levels, and validate against the paper's factor-of-few to factor-20 enhancement contours in (M_i, a_star, mu).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_12258_pbh_sterile_neutrinogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH sterile neutrinogenesis of sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.12258", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The abundance calculation assumes a monochromatic PBH mass function and instantaneous evaporation; no implemented calculation handles extended mass functions and time-resolved evaporation for the sterile-neutrino yield and spectrum, which shifts both f_s and the warmness bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Use or extend a public PBH evaporation code (BlackHawk-style time-dependent greybody emission) coupled to a background Friedmann solver to integrate sterile-neutrino production over extended mass functions and non-instantaneous reheating, outputting f_s and f(p) directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_10340_halo_axion_star_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Halo axion-star QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.10340", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Schrodinger-Poisson boundary-value solver is configured for halo axion stars, i.e. solitons embedded in an axion minicluster or PBH-seeded minihalo with an external gravitational potential and halo-density boundary conditions, as required to obtain the modified mass-radius relation M_AS(m_a, M_halo, M_PBH).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public Schrodinger-Poisson soliton solver (e.g. PyUltraLight or a standalone boundary-value soliton profile code) to include a fixed external PBH point-mass potential plus minicluster halo boundary conditions, and validate against the paper's halo axion-star mass-radius relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_13333_rolling_pq_axion_bubble_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Rolling-PQ axion-bubble PBH seed model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.13333", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public semi-analytic pipeline computes the axion-bubble population for a rolling PQ radial field: stochastic inflationary axion fluctuations with the c_I-dependent suppression, the probability of landing in the rare Witten-effect minimum, and the resulting PBH mass function and f_PBH at horizon reentry.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's Gaussian P(N, theta) bubble statistics with the rolling-PQ transfer as a standalone code (stochastic spectator-field evolution during inflation plus a Press-Schechter-style collapse criterion with threshold at horizon reentry), validated against the paper's benchmark f_PBH = 3e-9 window 1.15 < c_I < 1.76 at f_a = 1e16 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_04537_hidden_su_n_qcd_axion_bubbles_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion bubbles from hidden SU(N)_H PQ breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04537", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No code maps the model parameters (f_a, N, theta_i distribution, bubble fraction) to Omega_a, the bubble statistics, f_PBH(M), and a comparison against compact-object constraints; the route's required PBH-constraint recast is currently unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's vacuum-selection probability and misalignment formulae in a small pipeline that outputs f_PBH(M_PBH) and feeds it to the public PBHbounds constraint compilation (supermassive-window limits from CMB accretion, dynamical friction, and mu-distortions), validating against the quoted O(5e5) M_sun minimum PBH mass at f_a ~ 1e16 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_16122_pbh_evaporated_wimpy_baryogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporated non-thermal WIMPy baryogenesis dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.16122", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model-specific Boltzmann system (PBH evaporation source plus B- and CP-violating WIMP reannihilation) exists only as the authors' unreleased modification of ULYSSES, with no pinned version, environment, or example inputs, so the relic-density and Y_B benchmarks cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Publish (or reimplement) the WIMPy-baryogenesis equation set as an ULYSSES model module with pinned dependencies, validated against the paper's M_in = 1e6 g, TeV-DM benchmark trend and its semi-analytic relic expression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_06533_poisson_pbh_velocity_floor_v1", "model_name": "Poisson primordial-black-hole dark matter with small-scale velocity floor", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.06533", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing PBH accretion energy-injection pipelines (ExoCLASS/DarkHistory-style codes coupled to Planck likelihoods) assume only baryon-DM relative streaming for the effective velocity and do not include the Poisson-discreteness PBH velocity distribution, so the velocity-floor correction to CMB and dark-ages injection bounds cannot be propagated self-consistently.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing PBH accretion energy-deposition code (e.g. the ExoCLASS PBH-accretion module or DarkHistory) to average the Bondi rate over the Maxwell-Boltzmann PBH velocity distribution with the paper's sigma_PBH(f_PBH, M_PBH, z), then rerun the Planck likelihood to produce corrected f_PBH(M_PBH) bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_02255_high_fa_qcd_axion_pbh_ucmh_v1", "model_name": "High-decay-constant QCD axion dark matter with PBH-seeded UCMHs", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02255", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator maps an enhanced small-scale P_zeta(k) to a PBH mass function and f_PBH for collapse during an early matter-dominated era; standard radiation-era PBH abundance codes do not cover the pressureless-collapse regime this scenario requires.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing PBH-abundance code (peak-theory/Press-Schechter PBH calculators) with the matter-dominated collapse criterion including angular-momentum and inhomogeneity suppression factors, parameterized by the EMD duration and T_rh2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_03580_affleck_dine_clustered_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine baryogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2107.03580", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the stochastic Affleck-Dine field pipeline mapping AD potential parameters and phi_c to the high-baryon-bubble distribution, PBH mass function f(M), f_PBH, and correlation function xi(x); the whole forward model currently lives only in the paper's semi-analytic derivations.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's stochastic (Fokker-Planck/peaks-style) bubble statistics and QCD-transition collapse formulas as a numerical code that takes the AD potential parameters and inflationary Hubble scale as inputs and outputs f(M), f_PBH, xi(x), and P_PBH(k), validated against the paper's benchmark spectra and limiting-case analytics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11590_astrophysical_q_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Astrophysical Q-ball dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11590", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No finite-size lensing code that maps an extended Q-ball density profile to a projected surface density, magnification curve, and microlensing event duration outside the point-lens regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an extended-lens magnification calculator (Abel-projected surface density plus lens-equation solve with finite source size), following existing finite-size PBH/boson-star microlensing recasts, and verify it reduces to the point-lens light curve as R_Q -> 0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2109_08701_broad_mass_pbh_lambda_universe_v1", "model_name": "Broad-mass PBH-Lambda dark matter universe", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2109.08701", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward-model pipeline exists that takes a broad PBH birth mass function through the Poisson-enhanced high-z halo mass function, HOD assignment, star-formation/accretion emissivity, and projection to CIB/CXB angular power, source counts, and tau; the paper's emcee+HOD implementation is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the paper's pipeline as a public code: compute the PBH Poisson-plus-adiabatic power spectrum, feed it to a Press-Schechter/Sheth-Tormen halo mass function, attach the paper's HOD and emissivity prescriptions (f_*, f_esc, IMF, accretion efficiency as free parameters), and project with Limber integrals to P_ij(q), counts, and tau, validating against the paper's background figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_16963_reheating_pbh_dm_broken_power_law_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from stiff reheating with a broken-power-law scalar spectrum", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.16963", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public end-to-end pipeline maps the broken-power-law parameters plus reheating history (A_0, n_0, k_*, w_re, T_re, delta_c) jointly to f_PBH(M), the induced Omega_GW(f) including the stiff-to-radiation transition, and the NANOGrav 15-year likelihood; every non-likelihood step of the route has tool_or_code null and the route status is planned, so the paper's Bayes-factor result cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing scalar-induced-GW code (e.g., SIGWfast-type kernel integrator) with the sudden and smooth stiff-to-radiation transition transfer functions, couple it to a reheating-era PBH abundance module, wrap both as a custom deterministic signal in PTArcade/enterprise, and release the joint scan configuration with the microlensing/CMB f_PBH bounds applied.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04575_dissipative_dark_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark cosmology with early matter dominance and delayed compact objects", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04575", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Microlensing survey exclusions (Subaru/HSC, OGLE, EROS-2, MACHO, Kepler) are only available as point-lens limits, but DarkCOs have radii around 1e2-1e5 m; no tool computes finite-lens-size detection efficiencies and rescaled f(M) bounds for this model, and no survey likelihood is packaged.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement extended-lens magnification (finite lens and finite source) in a microlensing efficiency calculator, reweight the published survey efficiencies for R_DarkCO in the 1e2-1e5 m range, and package the result as an f(M_DarkCO, R_DarkCO) likelihood following the existing extended-lens recast literature.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_05608_evaporating_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Evaporating primordial black-hole dark matter as varying dark energy", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.05608", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation of the evaporating-PBH coupled matter-radiation fluids exists, so only background distances and CMB shift parameters can be used; full CMB anisotropy and matter-power perturbation constraints on (M_in, f_PBH, alpha) cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PBH mass-loss source term and the sourced radiation component as coupled species in CLASS or CAMB (background plus linear perturbations), then run against the full Planck anisotropy likelihood instead of shift parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_delayed_evaporating_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED delayed evaporating black-hole dark matter production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical code integrates the full LED black-hole history for this scenario: formation rate from plasma collisions at reheating, the DEBH accretion-dominated growth phase, and higher-dimensional Hawking evaporation with dark-sector emission, as functions of M_*, n, and T_RH.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a PBH evaporation code such as BlackHawk/FRISBHEE with n-extra-dimension Schwarzschild-Tangherlini thermodynamics and greybody factors, adding a plasma-collision formation-rate module and the accretion-growth equation for the delayed-evaporation branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_instantly_evaporating_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED instantly evaporating black-hole dark matter production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical code integrates LED black-hole formation from plasma collisions at reheating with higher-dimensional Hawking evaporation and dark-sector particle yield as functions of M_*, n, and T_RH, so the IEBH relic-abundance window cannot be recomputed or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a PBH evaporation code such as BlackHawk/FRISBHEE with n-extra-dimension Schwarzschild-Tangherlini thermodynamics and greybody factors plus a plasma-collision formation-rate module, and validate by recovering the 4D limit and the paper's quoted reheating-ratio window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_14606_inflaton_curvaton_ssr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-curvaton sound-speed-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2310.14606", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public PBH abundance calculator handles the non-Gaussian probability tail (local f_NL from the curvaton) on the narrow SSR-peaked curvature spectrum, even though f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to that tail and to delta_c.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a peaks-theory/Press-Schechter PBH abundance module that takes the SSR resonant P_R(k) plus a local-f_NL-deformed PDF and threshold delta_c = 0.7 as inputs, validating against the paper's f_PBH near 1 benchmark at 0.1 Hz and against published non-Gaussian PBH abundance results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_10537_bl_double_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically conformal B-L double-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.10537", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No inflationary power-spectrum solver is set up for the classically conformal B-L Coleman-Weinberg double-inflation potential; the PBH-forming enhanced spectrum is inherited from a cited benchmark and cannot be varied over the model's own parameters (v_phi, g_BL, inflationary benchmark).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the B-L Coleman-Weinberg two-stage potential in a numerical mode-by-mode inflation solver (e.g. MultiModeCode or the CLASS/CAMB primordial-module interface) and validate against the cited benchmark k_peak ~ 1e14 Mpc^-1 before scanning model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_axion_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No lensing event-rate calculator handles the low internal densities and extended profiles of ScaMs, so microlensing/variability constraints and future-survey sensitivities in the 1e-7 to 1e2 solar-mass window cannot be evaluated (point-lens MACHO limits do not apply directly).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a finite-size-lens event-rate code (extending published axion-minicluster microlensing methodology from the 1707.03310-style analyses) that takes the ScaM mass function, rho_ScaM profiles, and f_ScaM and outputs rates for OGLE/HSC-style and future cadence surveys.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_05238_warm_inflation_planck_pbh_relics_v1", "model_name": "Planck-mass primordial black-hole relics from warm inflation", "family": "primordial_black_hole_relics", "arxiv": "1910.05238", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public perturbation solver computes the primordial curvature power spectrum P_R(k) for warm inflation with the paper's dissipation coefficient and thermal-noise sourcing, which is the input every downstream quantity (PBH abundance, Planck-relic density, induced GW spectrum) depends on.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a public warm-inflation background plus stochastic-perturbation solver (mode-by-mode integration of the Langevin-sourced perturbation equations with dissipation coefficient Upsilon(T,phi)), packaged so its P_R(k) output feeds standard PBH-abundance and induced-GW formulas; validate against the paper's benchmark producing M_PBH near 10^3 g.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00057_speed_breaker_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Speed-breaker inflationary primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1911.00057", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No induced-GW calculator or merger-SGWB recast is set up for the model's benchmarks: second-order scalar-induced Omega_GW(f) from the amplified spectrum and the PBH-binary merger background needed to compare with PTA and LIGO SGWB limits were not computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the computed P_R(k) through a public scalar-induced GW code (SIGWfast-class kernel integration), add a PBH binary merger-rate model for the merger SGWB, and compare against published PTA and LIGO O-run SGWB sensitivity curves and upper limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_13576_microscopic_horizonless_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Microscopic horizonless relic dark matter", "family": "compact_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.13576", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator maps the enhanced curvature spectrum (A_0, k_0, n) through collapse-threshold statistics and PBH-to-remnant mass loss to the microscopic relic abundance f_DM(M_relic), which is required to interpret both the abundance observable and the Hawking-evasion constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing PBH abundance code (peaks-theory/Press-Schechter threshold machinery) with a parameterized remnant branch: initial PBH mass function from the benchmark spectrum, an evaporation-suppression or remnant-mass relation M_relic(M_PBH), and output f_DM, released alongside the SGWB pipeline so both share the same spectrum parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_04924_pbh_false_vacuum_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.04924", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the semi-analytic pipeline mapping a supercooled first-order-transition nucleation history (beta/H_I, H_I t_*, V^(1/4)) through the false-vacuum-domain distribution to the PBH mass function and f_PBH, including both horizon-crossing and subhorizon collapse channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Release a code implementing the paper's thin-wall nucleation and collapse formalism as a parameterized module (inputs beta/H_I, H_I t_*, V^(1/4); output dn/dM and f_PBH), validated against the published beta/H_I ~ 3.8 exponential-nucleation benchmark and the V^(1/4)=10^5-10^8 GeV asteroid-mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07454_subhorizon_collapsed_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Sub-horizon-collapsed primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.07454", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code propagates the sub-horizon collapse parameter f_H through the PBH binary merger rate to the isotropic SGWB spectrum and its angular power spectrum C_l(f); the card lists the merger-rate model and SGWB anisotropy calculator as required but unimplemented resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the f_H-shifted mass function and formation redshift in an existing PBH merger-rate framework (early-binary formation rate a la Ali-Haimoud et al.) and couple it to an astrophysical-SGWB anisotropy formalism (Cusin-Cusin/Contaldi-type line-of-sight C_l calculation) to output Omega_gw(f) and C_l(f) versus f_H.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_11639_pbh_dm_from_bl_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from late B-L phase-transition patches", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.11639", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public end-to-end pipeline maps the classically scale-invariant B-L potential parameters to the late-nucleating-patch PBH abundance: the bounce/nucleation calculation and the delayed-patch collapse probability (currently a rough beta/H ~ 8 criterion) are not implemented in any released code.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple CosmoTransitions (or BubbleDet-era successors) evaluating the B-L finite-temperature effective potential to a module implementing the late-patch survival probability P(t_n) and PBH collapse criterion, outputting f_PBH(M_PBH) as a function of (T_RH, beta/H, potential parameters), validated against the paper's f_PBH=1 window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09790_modified_affleck_dine_pbh_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Modified Affleck-Dine primordial black hole subcomponent model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.09790", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes the stochastic Affleck-Dine field distribution and the high-lepton-bubble volume fraction for a time-dependent Hubble-induced mass history (c1 early, c2 late); this quantity normalizes the entire PBH seed abundance and correlation function.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a stochastic-inflation Fokker-Planck (or lattice Langevin) solver for the AD flat-direction potential with piecewise Hubble-mass coefficients c1/c2, outputting the bubble probability and its spatial correlation as functions of (c1, c2, phi_c, M_F, T_RH), validated against the paper's benchmark suppression results.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_linear_chaotic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated linear chaotic inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public inflationary perturbation-spectrum solver implements the modulated p=1 chaotic potential, so the numerical P_R(k) on CMB-to-PBH scales (beyond the slow-roll n_s expansion) cannot be reproduced or scanned; the paper's own numerical solution is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement V(phi) = linear chaotic p=1 plus periodic modulation in a public mode-equation solver (MultiModeCode or PyTransport, or as an external primordial-spectrum module for CLASS), parameterized by (Lambda^4, modulation period f, modulation amplitude), and validate against the paper's n_s(k_PBH)=5.85 and beta_s bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_13182_dark_macho_phenomenological_v1", "model_name": "Dark massive compact halo object phenomenology", "family": "macroscopic_compact_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.13182", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the spherically symmetric hydrostatic accretion calculation onto an extended dMACHO (density/temperature/ionization profile and luminosity L(z) as functions of M and R); existing PBH-accretion codes assume point-mass Bondi accretion and cannot reproduce the extended-object radius dependence.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the primary paper's hydrostatic accretion ODEs (spherical hydrostatic equilibrium with heating, cooling, and ionization) as a public solver parameterized by (M, R, mass profile, ambient gas density and temperature), validated against the paper's L(z) and molecular-cloud flux examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_05959_qcd_epoch_pbh_population_v1", "model_name": "QCD-epoch first-principle primordial-black-hole dark matter population", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.05959", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code maps a sampled curvature power spectrum P_R(k) through QCD-epoch equation-of-state-dependent collapse thresholds and critical-collapse scaling to the PBH mass function f(m); the paper's first-principle formation machinery is private, blocking regeneration of the population for new spectrum parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a formation module that tabulates the QCD-era equation of state, the corresponding collapse threshold delta_c(M_H), and the critical-collapse relation, taking (A, n_s, M_min, M_max) as inputs and returning f(m), validated against the paper's published mass functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_05959_qcd_epoch_pbh_population_v1", "model_name": "QCD-epoch first-principle primordial-black-hole dark matter population", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.05959", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "All-dark-matter claims for the asteroid-mass ultra-slow-roll mapping cannot be evaluated because no recasting machinery convolves this broad, multi-featured mass function with the compiled monochromatic multi-messenger PBH bounds (evaporation, microlensing, CMB accretion, dynamical), whose statuses the card notes are themselves evolving.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the standard extended-mass-function recast method to a maintained bound compilation (PBHbounds-style curves), integrating f(m)/f_max(m) over the QCD-shaped and USR-mapped mass functions to produce allowed f_PBH windows with per-constraint provenance flags.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_04628_supercool_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supercool radiative-symmetry-breaking phase-transition PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2312.04628", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator implements the late-blooming PBH mass and abundance from patch-to-patch false-vacuum decay statistics, and f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to the transition-tail assumptions, so M_PBH and f_PBH cannot be independently evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the late-blooming formalism (survival probability of late-nucleating Hubble patches, overdensity threshold, horizon-mass collapse) as a module taking (T_n, beta/H_n, alpha) from the effective-potential step, and quantify sensitivity to the decay-rate tail by varying the nucleation-rate expansion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_quadratic_chaotic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated quadratic chaotic inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public inflationary perturbation-spectrum solver implements the modulated p=2 chaotic potential, so the numerical P_R(k) on CMB-to-PBH scales (beyond the slow-roll n_s expansion) cannot be reproduced or scanned; the paper's own numerical solution is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement V(phi) = quadratic chaotic p=2 plus periodic modulation in a public mode-equation solver (MultiModeCode or PyTransport, or as an external primordial-spectrum module for CLASS), parameterized by (Lambda^4, modulation period f, modulation amplitude), and validate against the paper's n_s(k_PBH)=2.84 and beta_s bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_06574_lognormal_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lognormal primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1712.06574", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public PBH accretion energy-injection module covers this model's broad lognormal, stellar-mass spectrum: existing Planck accretion bounds are computed for monochromatic masses and depend strongly on the accretion efficiency and PBH-baryon relative-velocity prescription, so the CMB constraint statistic cannot be evaluated for the lognormal benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an exotic-energy-injection Boltzmann pipeline (e.g. the ExoCLASS/DarkAges branch of CLASS) with a PBH-accretion luminosity module parameterized by accretion efficiency and relative velocity, integrated over an arbitrary d f_PBH/d ln M, and expose the mass-function-weighted Planck constraint statistic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_06574_lognormal_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lognormal primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1712.06574", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No merger-rate forward model exists for this card: the gw_rate step has null tool_or_code, so there is no code that converts the lognormal mass function plus a PBH clustering model into a LIGO/Virgo binary-black-hole merger-rate distribution for comparison with observed rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a semi-analytic PBH binary-formation and merger-rate calculator (early-universe binary formation plus late-time capture) that takes d f_PBH/d ln M and a clustering parameterization as input and outputs differential merger rates in component masses for direct comparison with LIGO/Virgo population inferences.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_15065_mst_eft_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "MST-EFT primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.15065", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public PBH mass-function calculator handles the equation-of-state-dependent collapse threshold delta_c(w, c_s) needed for this model's favored 0.2 <= w <= 1/3 window; abundance results are exponentially sensitive to this threshold.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a standard Press-Schechter/peak-theory PBH abundance code with the w-dependent threshold prescriptions (Musco-type) tabulated over the model's w and c_s ranges, and validate against the radiation-era w = 1/3 limit named in the card's validation tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1107_5669_pbh_reheated_scalar_unification_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-reheated scalar-field unification dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_unified_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.5669", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No background-evolution integrator exists for the coupled scalar-field plus PBH plus radiation system with a general unification potential, so PBH density growth during the kination-like era (and hence the evaporation epoch) is only computed with idealized analytic scalings.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Friedmann-Boltzmann background solver for the scalar field, PBH matter component, and Hawking-produced radiation (e.g. by extending a public PBH-cosmology solver such as FRISBHEE to include a rolling scalar with an arbitrary unification potential), parameterized by V(phi), beta, and V_end^(1/4).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_02168_multifield_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter seeded by multifield inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.02168", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of this two-field nonminimally coupled potential in a multifield inflation solver, so the USR-amplified P_R(k) — the input to the CMB, PBH, and induced-GW steps — cannot be regenerated independently of the paper's private MCMC pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Einstein-frame two-field system (curved field-space metric from the nonminimal couplings plus the dimension-4 potential) in PyTransport or MultiModeCode, and validate against the paper's quoted n_s region and P_R peak amplitude ~1e-3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_06785_pbh_running_indices_md_asteroid_full_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass PBH dark matter from running-index inflation in early matter domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1802.06785", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward-model code maps running-index parameters (alpha_s, beta_s) plus early-matter-domination history (T_R, H_MD) to a PBH mass function including the anisotropy and angular-momentum collapse suppression used in the primary paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a small pipeline that builds P_zeta(k) from the running-index expansion, applies the published matter-era collapse probability with anisotropy/spin suppression, integrates to M(f_PBH) over the reheating history, and validates against the paper's benchmark T_R = 1e4 GeV asteroid-mass solution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_01340_gauss_bonnet_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gauss-Bonnet-corrected single-field-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2108.01340", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code solves the inflationary background and curvature perturbations for a scalar field with a smeared-step Gauss-Bonnet coupling xi(phi) R_GB^2 through the fixed-point ultra-slow-roll regime, so the primordial power spectrum that seeds both the PBH abundance and the induced GW background can only be taken from the paper's two benchmarks rather than scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Gauss-Bonnet-modified background and Mukhanov-Sasaki mode equations (with the modified sound speed and friction terms) in an extension of a public inflation spectrum solver such as PyTransport or MultiModeCode, parameterized by the natural-inflation potential plus (phi_c, xi_0, xi_1), and validate against the paper's benchmark spectra and f_PBH totals.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_00775_spinning_pbh_evaporation_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spinning-PBH evaporation Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2212.00775", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline computes the induced stochastic gravitational-wave background for a spin-dependent PBH-dominated era: the doubly peaked ISGWB spectrum (from scalar perturbations amplified during PBH domination plus the abrupt spin-dependent evaporation transition) is not implemented in any released code coupled to the FRISBHEE background history.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the induced-GW kernel integrals for a PBH-dominated-to-radiation transition (extending a public scalar-induced-GW code such as SIGWfast) with the equation-of-state history and spin-dependent evaporation time taken from FRISBHEE/BlackHawk, and validate against the doubly peaked spectra in the source paper before comparing to LISA/ET sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_14069_memory_burden_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Memory-burden primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.14069", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public evaporation/injection pipeline implements the memory-burden lifetime and suppressed late emission: BlackHawk assumes semiclassical Hawking evaporation throughout, and downstream BBN/CMB constraint codes therefore have no valid input for this model, leaving the relaxed light-PBH window (1e6-1e9 g) unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend BlackHawk with a switchable post-half-decay memory-burden mode (lifetime scaling t_H^(n), suppressed spectra from gap_1), pipe the resulting injection histories into DarkHistory/ExoCLASS and standard BBN injection codes to recompute f_PBH(M, n) exclusion curves, and validate by recovering the standard Hawking exclusions in the n = 0 limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_09598_thermal_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1903.09598", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code maps thermal-inflation parameters (m, H/m, g, V0) to the enhanced curvature spectrum P_R(k) and the resulting critical-collapse PBH mass function f_PBH(M); the calculation exists only as the paper's private numerical integral, so the model cannot be scanned beyond the quoted benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a small standalone integrator that solves the mode equations through the thermal-inflation and fast-roll phases to get P_R(k), then feeds it into a standard Press-Schechter/critical-collapse mass-function module, validated against the m~600 TeV, H/m~0.30 all-DM benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_01653_pbh_stiff_kination_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from an early stiff/kination epoch", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1912.01653", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented pipeline maps a small-scale curvature spectrum P_zeta(k) through the stiff-era mass mapping to f_PBH(M) and then applies extended-mass-function recasting against current evaporation, microlensing, and CMB-accretion bounds; the card names a required PBH mass-function integrator and bounds recast that do not yet exist for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a mass-function integrator with the paper's M(k, w, T1) mapping and Press-Schechter beta(M), couple it to the public PBHbounds curve compilation, and apply the standard Carr-et-al extended-mass-function recast to produce allowed/excluded (w, T1, P_zeta) regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2102_05680_axion_pbh_dressed_minihalos_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with subdominant dressed primordial black holes", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.05680", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No extended-lens solver plus recast pipeline exists to translate naked-PBH microlensing and cosmological-lensing exclusions to PBHs dressed with truncated r^-9/4 axion minihalos in the (f_PBH, M_PBH) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement magnification curves for the projected truncated r^-9/4 profile in an extended-lens microlensing code, propagate the disruption-adjusted minihalo mass distribution, and recast published survey event-rate likelihoods, verifying recovery of the naked-PBH limit as M_halo goes to 0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_05771_warm_inflation_pq_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with Peccei-Quinn breaking during warm inflation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.05771", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The predicted few-percent small-scale axion density contrast has no forward model to minicluster observables: nonlinear collapse of these isocurvature seeds into miniclusters, their mass function, and any observational comparison (microlensing, pulsar timing) are absent from the card (simulation_calibrated: no, no linked constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed small-scale isocurvature spectrum into N-body or Press-Schechter-style minicluster formation modeling (adapting existing post-inflation axion minicluster simulation pipelines to this initial spectrum) to predict a minicluster mass function, then compare against microlensing constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_05637_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from delayed vacuum decay in first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.05637", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the delayed-vacuum-decay PBH pipeline (late-nucleation probability, overdensity growth of false-vacuum Hubble patches, and resulting f_PBH and M_PBH as functions of transition temperature and nucleation-rate parameters); the mechanism exists only as the paper's analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the mechanism as a public calculator taking (T_PT, beta/H, alpha) — optionally sourced from CosmoTransitions for concrete potentials — and returning f_PBH(M) and the companion GW spectrum, validated against the paper's 1e20 g all-DM and 45 M_sun benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_04965_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational scalar singlet dark matter with a diluter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_generated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.04965", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical solver has been run for the coupled Friedmann-Boltzmann system of PBH evaporation, radiation, and the long-lived N_3 diluter; the relic abundance and the T5 turning-point temperature rely on instantaneous-decay analytic estimates whose error is uncontrolled.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public PBH-evaporation cosmology solver (FRISBHEE/ULYSSES-class code) to include the N_3-dominated era and continuous entropy injection, outputting Omega_DM h^2 and the exact era-transition temperatures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_04965_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_scalar_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational scalar singlet dark matter with a diluter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_generated_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.04965", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged cosmic-string stochastic GW spectrum code exists that includes both the PBH-dominated and the N_3-diluter-dominated early matter eras, and no detector likelihood has been applied beyond benchmark overlays on sensitivity curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a standard cosmic-string loop GW calculation to the staged expansion history with two matter eras, release it parameterized by (Gmu, T_ev, T5), and evaluate against LISA/ET/BBO power-law-integrated sensitivities or mock-data likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_06793_neutrino_portal_fimp_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal FIMP dark matter with primordial black hole evaporation", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.06793", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The coupled Boltzmann system for neutrino-portal freeze-in (Littlest-Seesaw dark-sector collision terms for y_DS-mediated scattering and decays) combined with the ULYSSES PBH evaporation source term exists only as unreleased custom code; no public tool computes the mixed freeze-in plus Hawking yield with entropy dilution for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's freeze-in collision terms as a ULYSSES extension (or a micrOMEGAs freeze-in model file coupled to BlackHawk/ULYSSES greybody-weighted PBH source terms), taking (y_DS, m_chi, m_phi, m_N, M_in, beta) and returning Omega_DM h^2 with entropy dilution, validated against the paper's benchmark contours and the M_in <= 1e9 g BBN window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_10084_dark_fopt_fermi_ball_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-FOPT Fermi-ball-collapse primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2304.10084", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public end-to-end pipeline exists for PBH-transit PTA sensitivity: the Monte Carlo sampler of PBH positions/velocities and the Doppler/Shapiro SNR analysis used in the paper are private, and public PTA likelihood codes (enterprise-style stochastic-background analyses) do not handle single-object transit signals or extended mass functions.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Monte Carlo Galactic PBH phase-space sampler and Doppler/Shapiro residual generator as an open package, validate against the paper's monochromatic sensitivity curves, and couple it to real PTA pulsar catalogs and noise models from the enterprise framework to replace the SNR-threshold criterion with a proper likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_03078_curvaton_asteroid_mass_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass primordial black-hole dark matter from a quadratic curvaton with vanishing mean", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2307.03078", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code maps the mixed inflaton-curvaton parameters (H, m^2/H^2, Gamma) through the non-Gaussian compaction-function probability distribution to the PBH mass function f(M) and f_PBH; the calculation exists only as formulas in the paper and is sensitive to the collapse threshold C_c and window-function choices.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's nonlinear delta-N statistics and compaction-threshold collapse mapping (C_c = 0.55 baseline, with threshold and window variations exposed as options) as a reusable PBH mass-function code, validated against the published f_PBH ~ 0.1 and f_PBH ~ 1 benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0509141_clustered_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black hole dark matter from radiation-era collapse", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0509141", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code implements the rare-peak (peaks-theory) clustering calculation that maps a PBH formation threshold and peak height nu to the initial PBH two-point function xi_PBH and power spectrum P_PBH(k) for a monochromatic mass function, so the core clustering step must be reimplemented from the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a small peaks-theory module (BBKS-style thresholded-peak correlation functions on the radiation density field) parameterized by (M_PBH, B(t), nu), validated against the paper's two-point function, and release it as a registry utility; extend later to broad mass functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_04638_axion_monodromy_scalar_clump_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-monodromy scalar clump dark matter from parametric resonance", "family": "axion_like_scalar_clump_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04638", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No finite-size (extended-lens) microlensing recast exists for the scalar clumps: survey limits are published as point-lens PBH constraints, and the card notes an extended-lens calculation with a clump abundance and halo spatial distribution is required before any survey exclusion or null forecast can be stated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a point-lens microlensing survey pipeline (Subaru HSC M31, OGLE/EROS cadences) with magnification curves for extended soliton density profiles parameterized by (M_clump, R_clump), convolve with a Milky Way/M31 halo clump population model from gap_1, and recompute event-rate limits including finite-source effects.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_04638_polynomial_scalar_clump_dm_v1", "model_name": "Polynomial self-interacting scalar clump dark matter", "family": "scalar_clump_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04638", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No extended-lens microlensing recast is available for the finite-size scalar clumps: existing survey limits assume point lenses, and the null-signal claim cannot be turned into a quantitative survey statement without magnification curves for extended soliton profiles plus a halo clump distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a point-lens microlensing survey likelihood (Subaru HSC M31, OGLE/EROS) with finite-lens finite-source magnification for soliton density profiles parameterized by (M_clump, R_clump), combined with a Milky Way/M31 halo population model derived from the gap_1 mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2201_11761_large_extra_dimension_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Large-extra-dimension primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2201.11761", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes higher-dimensional PBH evolution for the ADD setup: the greybody factors, temperature-mass relation, accretion history, and primary/secondary evaporation spectra as functions of n and M_* exist only in the unreleased CosmoLED code, and public evaporation tools (BlackHawk) are restricted to 4D black holes.", "proposed_resolution": "Publicly release CosmoLED, or extend BlackHawk with n-extra-dimension Myers-Perry/brane greybody factors, the higher-dimensional T_BH(M, n, M_*) relation, and radiation-era accretion, validated by reproducing the paper's n=2, M_*=10 TeV surviving-mass window of about 10^21-10^22 g.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_08046_modified_higgs_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Modified Higgs-inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2307.08046", "score": 22.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The inflaton background plus Mukhanov-Sasaki mode-equation solver for the Gaussian-dip modified Higgs-inflation potential exists only as private author code, so the enhanced curvature power spectrum P_R(k) cannot be independently reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dip-modified Einstein-frame Higgs potential in a public single-field perturbation solver (e.g. PyTransport or a standalone Mukhanov-Sasaki integrator) and validate against the paper's quoted n_s, r, and PBH mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1902_04082_co_decaying_dm_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from co-decaying dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1902.04082", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public solver for the co-decaying dark-sector thermal history: coupled equations for A freeze-out, B decay rate Gamma_B, dark-sector entropy ratio, and the duration N_dur of the early matter-dominated epoch, which set all downstream PBH predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the co-decay Boltzmann system (n_A, n_B, dark and SM radiation, Gamma_B decay term) as a standalone ODE integrator or as an extension of a generic early-matter-dominated-era code, validated against the paper's analytic A-fraction abundance expression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01301_superheavy_hawking_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy Hawking-radiation dark matter from black-hole domination", "family": "superheavy_hawking_radiation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.01301", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Boltzmann code the paper used for PBH/radiation energy-density evolution is not stated to be public (associated_code has no repositories), so there is no public end-to-end calculator mapping (M_i, rho_BH_i/rho_R_i, m_DM, spins) to Delta N_eff and Omega_DM h^2 for parameter scans beyond the analytic benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled PBH-radiation background equations and Hawking yield formulae as a small public module (or as an extension of an existing public PBH evaporation spectrum code), validated against the paper's Delta N_eff about 0.03-0.2 range and abundance contours, and couple its Delta N_eff output to current Planck/CMB-S4 Neff likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_09630_double_well_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass primordial black holes from double-well inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.09630", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public implementation of the double-well inflation model (Jordan-frame non-minimal coupling, non-canonical kinetic factor, Coleman-Weinberg-like Z2 potential) exists in any background plus Mukhanov-Sasaki solver, so the PBH-producing curvature power spectrum cannot be regenerated from the model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Einstein-frame transformed potential and field-space factor in an existing public single-field perturbation solver (a Mukhanov-Sasaki mode-by-mode integrator), validating against the paper's quoted P_R,max of order 1e-2, N_I=31-37, N_II=18-24 benchmarks and CMB n_s/r values.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_planckeon_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED Planckeon black-hole remnant dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical code computes the LED black-hole formation rate from plasma collisions and evolves the population through evaporation to the remnant endpoint as functions of M_*, n, and T_RH, so the Planckeon relic density condition cannot be recomputed or scanned over parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a PBH evaporation code such as BlackHawk/FRISBHEE with n-extra-dimension Schwarzschild-Tangherlini thermodynamics, a plasma-collision formation-rate module, and an evaporation cutoff at M_* leaving one stable remnant per black hole, validating against the 4D limit and the paper's abundance relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_multi_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Multi-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No inflationary perturbation-solver setup exists for the multi-bumpy potential: computing P_R(k) through several successive slow-roll-violating bump crossings requires a numerical Mukhanov-Sasaki integration that the card leaves with tool_or_code null, and both PBH and SIGW predictions hang on this spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the power-law-times-Gaussian-bumps potential in a public mode-by-mode Mukhanov-Sasaki solver (e.g. a PyTransport/BINGO-class inflation perturbation code), verifying the paper's peak locations and amplitudes for the three-bump benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_multi_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Multi-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "PBHbounds constraints are compiled for monochromatic mass functions, while this model predicts several distinct PBH mass peaks; no extended-mass-function recasting tool is wired into the route, so multi-peak f_PBH(M) cannot be confronted with the constraint envelope self-consistently.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the PBHbounds pipeline with the standard Carr-et-al extended-mass-function method, integrating the predicted multi-peak f_PBH(M) against each digitized monochromatic constraint curve to produce combined exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_solo_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Solo-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No inflationary perturbation-solver setup exists for the solo-bumpy potential: computing P_R(k) through the slow-roll-violating bump crossing requires a numerical Mukhanov-Sasaki integration that the card leaves with tool_or_code null, and both the PBH and SIGW predictions hang on this spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the power-law-times-Gaussian-bump potential in a public mode-by-mode Mukhanov-Sasaki solver (e.g. a PyTransport/BINGO-class inflation perturbation code), verifying the paper's asteroid-mass and solar-mass benchmark peak scales and amplitudes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17829_dressed_pbh_particle_dm_coexistence_v1", "model_name": "Dressed primordial black holes in particle dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.17829", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public wave-optics amplification-factor calculator handles the dressed-PBH extended lens with the steep rho_h proportional to r^-9/4 accreted-halo profile; existing diffraction-integral codes target point-mass or standard (SIS/NFW) profiles, so the event-by-event dPBH vs bare-PBH waveform discrimination cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public wave-optics diffraction-integral code to accept the dressed-PBH density profile parameterized by (M_PBH, M_h, R_h), tabulating F(f) over the LIGO/ET/CE band for the 10-100 M_sun window and verifying recovery of the bare point-mass limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_09462_kerr_pbh_evaporated_non_cold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kerr primordial-black-hole evaporated non-cold dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.09462", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The pipeline handles only monochromatic PBH mass and spin distributions; extended formation-era mass/spin distributions, which modify the evaporation history and the combined emitted spectrum, are explicitly deferred and unsupported in the released FRISBHEE workflow.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend FRISBHEE to evolve a binned extended PBH mass and spin distribution (e.g. lognormal or critical-collapse shapes), superposing the per-bin emitted spectra into a single f_DM(q) and Delta N_eff for the downstream CLASS step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_11502_alpha_attractor_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Sgoldstino-stabilized alpha-attractor non-oscillatory PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.11502", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Scalar-induced gravitational-wave estimators assume radiation domination; the kination era changes the induced-GW kernel and spectrum amplitudes/frequencies, and no tool computes Omega_GW for this model's kination-modified history or its evaporating-PBH early-matter variants.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public induced-GW code such as SIGWfast with kination-era Green's-function kernels and the model's expansion history, then recast against LISA/PTA/ET sensitivity curves alongside the PBHbounds constraint compilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11502_canonical_kahler_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Sgoldstino-stabilized canonical Kahler non-oscillatory PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.11502", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Scalar-induced gravitational-wave estimators assume radiation domination; the kination era changes the induced-GW kernel and spectrum amplitudes/frequencies, and no tool computes Omega_GW for this model's kination-modified history or its evaporating-PBH early-matter variants.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public induced-GW code such as SIGWfast with kination-era Green's-function kernels and the model's expansion history, then recast against LISA/PTA/ET sensitivity curves alongside the PBHbounds constraint compilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_16035_transient_constant_roll_pbh_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from transient constant-roll inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.16035", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public pipeline maps the transient constant-roll curvature power spectrum plus its squeezed bispectrum to a PBH mass function beta(M) and a scalar-induced Omega_GW(f): existing abundance calculators assume Gaussian or simple fNL statistics, while PBH abundance is exponentially sensitive to the model's non-Gaussian tail.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the paper's analytic P_R(k) and bispectrum to a non-Gaussian PBH abundance calculation (compaction-function/threshold statistics with the constant-roll tail, extending an open abundance code) and to a public induced-GW integrator such as SIGWfast, parameterized by (eta, phase duration, transition times, H_inf) with explicit collapse-threshold and reheating settings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07263_planet_9_axion_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Planet 9 axion-star dark matter subcomponent", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07263", "score": 20.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Solar-System capture code exists for macroscopic axion stars: the capture probability of a 5-15 Earth-mass axion star into a 300-1000 AU Planet 9 orbit is currently an order-of-magnitude analytic estimate depending on the poorly known low-relative-velocity tail of the axion-star phase-space distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a three-body capture Monte Carlo (Sun-Neptune or Sun-passing-star perturber) sampling axion-star masses and a Galactic-halo velocity distribution, validated against existing free-floating-planet and PBH capture-rate calculations, and output capture probability as a function of M_AS, Omega_AS/Omega_DM, and velocity-dispersion parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2009_04731_clustered_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2009.04731", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No binary-population code exists that computes PBH binary formation, hardening, disruption, and merger rates inside the evolving clustered environment; the card notes binary disruption is only modeled analytically, so the cluster-modified merger rate cannot be forward-modeled to LIGO/Virgo.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a PBH binary population-synthesis module that takes the simulated (or analytic) cluster population as input, evolves early- and late-Universe binary channels with three-body perturbations and cluster encounters, and outputs a merger-rate density R_PBH(z; M_PBH, f_PBH).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_04312_qcd_axion_pbh_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion misalignment dark matter in a PBH-dominated epoch", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.04312", "score": 19.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public integrated solver evolves the coupled Friedmann-Boltzmann system of a spinning, evaporating PBH population (monochromatic M_in, beta, a_star) together with the temperature-dependent QCD axion misalignment field, so the entropy-diluted Omega_a h^2 and the PBH-emitted axion Delta N_eff cannot be recomputed outside the paper's private code.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine BlackHawk greybody/spin emission spectra with a Friedmann-Boltzmann PBH-domination solver (FRISBHEE-style) and add a module tracking m_a(T) axion oscillation onset and entropy dilution, outputting Omega_a h^2(m_a, f_a, theta_i, M_in, beta, a_star) and Delta N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_axion_curvaton_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-curvaton primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented PBH mass-function calculator is bundled that maps the model's P_R(k) to an extended PBH mass spectrum including critical-collapse scaling and window-function variants; the card flags these choices as order-one systematics that shift the mass peak and the PTA mass reach.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Press-Schechter/peaks PBH abundance module taking P_R(k), collapse threshold delta_c, and window-function choice as inputs, with critical-collapse scaling M = K M_H (delta - delta_c)^gamma included as a switchable option, and quantify the window/critical-collapse systematic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_parametric_resonance_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation parametric-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented PBH mass-function calculator is bundled that maps the model's P_R(k) to an extended PBH mass spectrum including critical-collapse scaling and window-function variants; the card flags these choices as order-one systematics that shift the mass peak and the PTA mass reach.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Press-Schechter/peaks PBH abundance module taking P_R(k), collapse threshold delta_c, and window-function choice as inputs, with critical-collapse scaling M = K M_H (delta - delta_c)^gamma included as a switchable option, and quantify the window/critical-collapse systematic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_08639_slow_reheating_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from slow reheating", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1804.08639", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No pipeline applies the compiled monochromatic PBH constraints (microlensing, evaporation, dynamical, CMB, gravitational-wave) to the slow-reheating extended mass function with its delta_c-dependent M_min/M_max cutoffs; the card's key constraint entry is marked recasting_needed: yes and the primary paper explicitly leaves the observational abundance evaluation undone.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the slow-reheating d f_PBH/dM in an extended-mass-function recast (Carr et al. procedure) on top of a maintained monochromatic bounds compilation such as PBHbounds, parameterized by (T_reh, sigma(M), delta_c), and output allowed f_PBH as a function of reheating parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_08639_slow_reheating_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from slow reheating", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1804.08639", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No merger-rate model exists for PBHs formed during slow reheating: converting the extended mass function and f_PBH into a LIGO/Virgo merger-rate prediction requires binary-formation and clustering modeling that must account for the enhanced small-scale clustering of matter-era-formed PBHs, which standard radiation-era merger-rate formulae do not cover.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend published analytic PBH binary formation rates (Ali-Haimoud/Raidal-type calculations) to extended mass functions with initial clustering statistics appropriate to matter-dominated formation, and compare the resulting rate against the LIGO/Virgo compact-binary population.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_14307_qcd_axion_pbh_early_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with primordial black-hole early matter domination", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14307", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No validated public release of the coupled PBH-radiation-axion solver (background evolution with evaporation and entropy injection plus the axion equation of motion with QCD temperature-dependent mass) is confirmed; the AXIONPBH material referenced by the paper was not fetched or validated, so the abundance route cannot be run independently.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain and validate the AXIONPBH code against the paper's density plots, or extend FRISBHEE's PBH-evaporation background module with an axion misalignment sector using the standard dilute-instanton m_a(T), and release it publicly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_10925_galileon_usr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Galileon ultra-slow-roll primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.10925", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code maps Covariantized Galileon coefficients c_i, sound speed c_s, and USR transition location to the enhanced curvature power spectrum P_zeta(k); standard Boltzmann/inflation pipelines (CLASS/CAMB, generic slow-roll solvers) do not implement Galileon SR/USR/SR mode evolution.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a numerical Mukhanov-Sasaki-type mode solver for the Galileon EFT (effective c_s(tau) and z(tau) from the c_i) that reproduces the paper's sharp-transition benchmarks and outputs P_zeta(k) on the scales relevant for PTA and PBH formation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_03426_axion_domain_wall_pbh_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion domain-wall primordial-black-hole subcomponent model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.03426", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code computes the number density and size/shape statistics of self-enclosed N_DW=1 axion domain walls from post-inflationary string-wall network evolution (including the early-matter-domination option and the string density parameter whose uncertainty exponentially suppresses the PBH abundance), so the closed-wall abundance step cannot be run outside the authors' in-house calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Package a wall-counting module that takes percolation statistics from existing lattice string-wall network simulations (e.g. field-theoretic axion-string simulation outputs) and outputs the closed-wall size distribution as a function of f_a, N_DW, and the expansion history, calibrated against the primary paper's f_PBH(f_a) bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_12094_strangelet_macro_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmological strangelet macro dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_strange_quark_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12094", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No tool exists to recast monochromatic macro-DM limits onto the extended post-evaporation strangelet mass function dn/dM, i.e. to integrate flux, energy-deposition, and lensing optical-depth constraints over an arbitrary mass distribution and return the allowed distribution weight.", "proposed_resolution": "Write an extended-mass-function constraint integrator that convolves the surviving dn/dM with each digitized constraint's response (flux-limited, energy-threshold, or lensing optical depth), following the standard extended-mass-function recast formalism used for PBH constraints, and validate against the paper's monochromatic mass windows.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_03746_pbh_dm_inflaton_running_emd_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from running-inflaton perturbations in an early matter-dominated era", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1706.03746", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented forward-model pipeline exists that maps the running-inflaton curvature spectrum (A, n, dn/dlnk) plus the early-matter-domination history (T_reh, M_min, M_max) to a PBH mass function f(M); the matter-era collapse probability beta ~ 0.056 sigma^5 with the optional sigma^(3/2) inhomogeneity suppression is only an analytic estimate in the paper, and the card's single recovery route contains no computational step for it.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a numerical PBH-abundance module that integrates the primordial spectrum with running over the EMD horizon-crossing window, applies the matter-dominated collapse probability including the angular-momentum/inhomogeneity suppression factors, and outputs f(M) with the M_min/M_max cutoffs; this could be built as an extension of existing PBH abundance codes that currently assume radiation-era formation thresholds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1706_03746_pbh_dm_spectator_blue_spectrum_emd_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from blue spectator-field perturbations in an early matter-dominated era", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1706.03746", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented forward-model pipeline exists that maps the blue spectator-field curvature spectrum (A_s, n_s, alpha_s) plus the early-matter-domination history (T_reh, M_min, M_max) to a PBH mass function f(M); the matter-era collapse probability beta ~ 0.056 sigma^5 with the optional sigma^(3/2) inhomogeneity suppression is only an analytic estimate in the paper, and the card's single recovery route contains no computational step for it.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a numerical PBH-abundance module that integrates the blue spectator spectrum over the EMD horizon-crossing window, applies the matter-dominated collapse probability including the angular-momentum/inhomogeneity suppression factors, and outputs f(M) with the M_min/M_max cutoffs; this could be built as an extension of existing PBH abundance codes that currently assume radiation-era formation thresholds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_04312_alp_pbh_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle misalignment dark matter in a PBH-dominated epoch", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.04312", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code couples an evaporating-PBH cosmology (monochromatic mass, spin-dependent greybody Hawking emission, entropy injection) to the ALP misalignment field evolution, so the diluted Omega_a h^2 and the PBH-emitted relativistic-ALP Delta N_eff cannot be reproduced outside the authors' private Boltzmann implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public PBH-cosmology solver (FRISBHEE, or BlackHawk-supplied emission spectra fed into a Friedmann-Boltzmann integrator) with the coherent ALP field equation and oscillation-onset tracking in the PBH-dominated background, parameterized by (m_a, f_a, theta_i, M_in, beta, a_star), and validate against the paper's benchmark abundance and Delta N_eff curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_04694_rsb_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from radiative-symmetry-breaking first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04694", "score": 18.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the late-blooming PBH dark-matter fraction from supercooled RSB transition parameters: the mapping from (alpha, beta/H_n, percolation history, phi_0) to f_PBH exists only as semi-analytic literature formulas applied by hand in the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the late-blooming collapse formalism (patch nucleation statistics, vacuum-domination duration, overdensity growth, and collapse criterion) as a reusable calculator taking (g, g_tilde, lambda, phi_0, g_star) inputs, validated against the paper's mapped 1e-10 < f_PBH <= 1 regions, and couple it to a public PBH mass-window constraint compilation for the exclusion overlay.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_06785_pbh_running_indices_rd_ligo_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark-matter subcomponent from running-index inflation in radiation domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1802.06785", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline maps running-index parameters (alpha_s, beta_s) through radiation-era collapse to a PBH mass function and binary-merger rate in the 4-40 solar-mass integration window used by the primary paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the curvature-spectrum-to-mass-function calculation (Press-Schechter with delta_c = 0.42) coupled to a standard early-universe binary-formation rate prescription, validated against the paper's beta_s = 0.023-0.026 benchmark strip.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01301_planck_remnant_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planck-mass black-hole remnant dark matter from evaporation", "family": "black_hole_remnant_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.01301", "score": 17.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PBH evaporation calculator is attached: the companion Delta N_eff prediction of 0.03-0.2 per light species depends on greybody factors and the PBH spin distribution built up during the black-hole-dominated era, and the route also cannot handle mass functions broader than monochromatic without numerical integration of the evaporation history (both flagged in the card's caveats and required_code_resources).", "proposed_resolution": "Integrate a spin-aware greybody evaporation code for the PBH-radiation-remnant system that outputs T_RH, the hidden-species energy density (hence Delta N_eff per species), and the remnant number density for arbitrary initial mass functions, validated against the card's monochromatic limiting formulas in both domination regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_hilltop_p4_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated p=4 hilltop inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 16.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public inflationary perturbation-spectrum solver implements the modulated p=4 hilltop potential, so the numerical P_R(k) on CMB-to-PBH scales (beyond the slow-roll n_s expansion) cannot be reproduced or scanned; the paper's own numerical solution is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement V(phi) = hilltop p=4 plus periodic modulation in a public mode-equation solver (MultiModeCode or PyTransport, or as an external primordial-spectrum module for CLASS), parameterized by (Lambda^4, modulation period f, modulation amplitude), and validate against the paper's n_s(k_PBH)=4.91 and beta_s bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_red_tilt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation red-tilted primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented PBH mass-function calculator is bundled that maps the model's P_R(k) to an extended PBH mass spectrum including critical-collapse scaling and window-function variants; the card flags these choices as order-one systematics that shift the mass peak and the PTA mass reach.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Press-Schechter/peaks PBH abundance module taking P_R(k), collapse threshold delta_c, and window-function choice as inputs, with critical-collapse scaling M = K M_H (delta - delta_c)^gamma included as a switchable option, and quantify the window/critical-collapse systematic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_running_mass_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Running-mass inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented PBH mass-function calculator is bundled that maps the model's P_R(k) to an extended PBH mass spectrum including critical-collapse scaling and window-function variants; the card flags these choices as order-one systematics that shift the mass peak and the PTA mass reach.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a Press-Schechter/peaks PBH abundance module taking P_R(k), collapse threshold delta_c, and window-function choice as inputs, with critical-collapse scaling M = K M_H (delta - delta_c)^gamma included as a switchable option, and quantify the window/critical-collapse systematic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 20, "rank_structure_formation": 17}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Indirect-detection likelihood (γ-ray / cosmic-ray / ν)", "n_gaps": 74, "n_models": 73, "weight": 1902.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 17, "weight_structure_formation": 508.5, "severity_counts": {"minor": 7, "blocks_key_observables": 36, "degrades_precision": 28, "blocks_all_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"small": 12, "medium": 53, "large": 9}, "members": [{"model_id": "1909_07706_dark_fermion_relaxion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-fermion-production relaxion warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07706", "score": 48.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark fermion's post-dilution phase-space distribution f(p) is not derived: the card records only an approximate thermal form, so the transfer-function cutoff rests on a thermal-equivalent m_WDM mapping the paper itself flags as approximate, and no model-specific transfer function exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for a fermion decoupling relativistically at T_d with g_star(T_d) and subsequent entropy dilution by factor S (a rescaled Fermi-Dirac spectrum with shifted temperature), feed it to CLASS as a non-cold-DM species, and tabulate the resulting transfer function and half-mode scale over (m_psi, T_d, S).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_06364_twin_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Twin sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.06364", "score": 41, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The model-specific visible branching fraction Br(N_B -> SM photons + ...) as a function of the inter-sector mixing M_AB has not been computed, so the suppressed X-ray/gamma-ray line flux cannot be quantitatively recast against NuSTAR-style line limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-induced N_B -> nu gamma (SM) radiative decay rate through the M_AB sterile-mixing portal in the seesaw limit, tabulate the visible branching over (M_NB, M_AB, mixing angles), and insert it into the standard sterile-neutrino line-flux formula against published line-search limit tables.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_03644_late_sommerfeld_dm_to_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Late Sommerfeld-enhanced dark-matter conversion to dark radiation", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.03644", "score": 40.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The perturbation treatment is only a generic parameterization: the card notes perturbations are model dependent beyond the background, and the conversion source term has not been derived from the actual Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation rate of the Dirac-fermion/light-vector model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the conversion rate Gamma(z) and its perturbation from the velocity-averaged Sommerfeld-enhanced cross section of the specific model, mapping (m_chi, m_med, alpha, T_kd) onto the phenomenological (zeta, a_t) parameters, and encode the mapping in the Boltzmann implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04124_fimp_dirac_singlet_2hdm_v1", "model_name": "FIMP Dirac singlet dark matter in extended neutrino 2HDM", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.04124", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FIMP phase-space distribution from N1 decays is only approximate on the card, and no linear transfer function has been computed for this decay-produced keV fermion, so the warm/hot classification cannot be turned into a quantitative small-scale power suppression.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-thermal f(q) from the N1 decay kinematics as a function of K1 and Br_chi, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold (ncdm) species with a tabulated distribution, and compute the transfer-function cutoff across the paper's parameter scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_14091_z3_sterile_neutrino_portal_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z3 sterile-neutrino portal scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14091", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Photon spectra for the secluded NN and semi-annihilation N+fermion and h+scalar final states are approximated by W+W--like proxies in the paper; no dedicated gamma-ray spectra for the sterile-neutrino cascade decays in this model have been computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the N decay chains (conservative electron-flavor choice) and shower the NN, N, and h channels with Pythia or HDMSpectra to produce per-channel dN_gamma/dE tables, replacing the W+W- proxy in the H.E.S.S./CTA comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_2406_decaying_majoron_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_decaying_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.2406", "score": 35, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The radiative branching ratio Br(J -> photons) is left uncomputed by the paper, so the predicted far-ultraviolet photon line from subdominant radiative decay cannot be quantified or compared to diffuse-background data.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the loop-induced J -> gamma gamma rate from the seesaw model's charged-fermion couplings for the quoted keV mass window and publish it as an analytic branching-ratio formula usable in decaying-DM photon-flux estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_01136_infrared_confining_fuzzy_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark matter from infrared confining dynamics", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.01136", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The theta-sector thermal history is assumed rather than computed: no Boltzmann treatment exists of theta-hadron annihilation/decay into the light fermions n, of the evolution of T'/T through the dark confinement transition, or of the resulting time-dependent Delta N_eff, all of which the card flags as high-extrapolation-risk assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the coupled Boltzmann/entropy-transfer equations for the SU(3)_theta sector (hadron annihilation to n n, hidden g*'(T') across confinement), for example by extending a dark-sector thermal-history code in the style of hidden-sector Delta N_eff trackers, to replace the benchmark T'/T = 1/4 assumption with a computed history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_14091_z3_sterile_neutrino_portal_fermion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z3 sterile-neutrino portal fermion WIMP dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14091", "score": 35.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Photon spectra for the secluded NN and semi-annihilation N+scalar final states are approximated by W+W- proxies in the paper; no dedicated gamma-ray spectrum for cascade decays of electroweak-scale sterile neutrinos in this model has been computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the N decay chains (conservative electron-flavor choice) and shower them with Pythia or HDMSpectra to produce per-channel dN_gamma/dE tables, replacing the W+W- proxy in the H.E.S.S./CTA comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_04430_fourth_family_dirac_neutrino_zprime_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-family Dirac-neutrino Z' WIMP", "family": "zprime_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.04430", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop/RG-induced effective couplings of the fermiophobic Z' to light quarks, and the corresponding nucleon-level matrix elements needed to compute sigma_SI for xenon targets, have not been derived for this model (the card explicitly flags them as needed for recasting).", "proposed_resolution": "Run the Z' couplings from the matching scale to the nuclear scale with an EFT running/matching package (e.g. DirectDM plus wilson) to obtain nucleon-level Wilson coefficients, then feed them to a rate calculator such as DDCalc.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_00032_inelastic_dark_photon_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GeV inelastic dark photon thermal relic", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.00032", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Galactic regeneration of the excited state — the halo-integrated chi_1 chi_1 -> chi_2 chi_2 upscattering rate and steady-state chi_2 population given the Milky Way velocity distribution and chi_2 lifetime — has only an approximate treatment, and the resulting MeV gamma-ray flux normalization is correspondingly uncertain.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and implement a halo-model calculation of the local chi_2 fraction: integrate the velocity-dependent upscattering cross section over an NFW-plus-velocity-distribution Milky Way model with chi_2 decay/downscattering losses, and validate the paper's approximate re-equilibration regime; release as a small flux code feeding J-factor-weighted spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition fermion dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No gauge-invariant derivation exists for fermion particle production from runaway bubble collisions; the primary paper removes unphysical gauge-dependent contributions with an ad hoc prescription and explicitly states a rigorous resolution is lacking, so the predicted psi_f yield carries uncontrolled theory systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the bubble-collision production rate for a Yukawa-coupled fermion in a manifestly gauge-invariant framework (e.g. a real-time lattice or Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin treatment of the colliding field configurations in R_xi gauge with explicit cancellation checks), and quantify the shift relative to the paper's prescription across the wall-gamma and m_chi range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_05056_pseudo_sakharon_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-sakharon long-lived dark matter", "family": "long_lived_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.05056", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Hadronic decay spectra and branching fractions for S -> d dbar at m_S ~ 20 GeV have not been computed (explicit card caveat), so the photon, e+/e-, and neutrino injection spectra needed for CMB and indirect-detection limits do not exist for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate S -> d dbar fragmentation spectra with Pythia (or take the d dbar channel tables from PPPC4DMID) at the benchmark m_S = 20 GeV and across the weak-scale mass range, producing dN/dE for gamma, e+-, p-bar, and nu final states.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04276_dirac_scotogenic_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Dirac scotogenic freeze-in dark matter with gauged U(1) B-L", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04276", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FIMP phase-space distribution f(p) from off-shell B-L Z'-mediated gauge-scattering freeze-in under the low-reheating hierarchy (T_RH ~ 4 MeV - 5 GeV) has not been derived or implemented; the card records distribution_function_available: no, so warmness is judged only through a thermal-WDM proxy.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f(p,T) with the SM-fermion annihilation collision term through the effective Z' operator and a T_RH cutoff (following existing FIMP distribution-function frameworks), then feed the tabulated f(p) into CLASS's ncdm sector to obtain the model's transfer function and thermal-equivalent WDM mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_00984_inflaxion_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflaxion axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.00984", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The phi_DM decay rates inherited from the reheaton couplings (to photons, hidden photons, or fermions in L_c) have not been derived per coupling choice as reusable formulas, so the joint reheating-temperature versus dark-matter-lifetime window cannot be evaluated outside the paper's example figures.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mixing-suppressed decay widths of the light eigenstate for each candidate coupling operator in L_c (a F F-dual, fermion couplings) as functions of (beta, m_a, m_phi, f), and package them with the corresponding T_reh estimate as a small calculator module for parameter scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09458_two_component_scalar_fimp_charged_fermion_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Two-component scalar FIMP with charged-fermion mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09458", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The differential photon spectrum dN/dE for the loop-induced three-body decay phi_2 -> phi_1 gamma gamma through the charged fermion mediator has not been derived in reusable form; only the total width and a monochromatic-line approximation are available, while the card notes the two-photon final state broadens the feature.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the full one-loop three-body matrix element for phi_2 -> phi_1 gamma gamma (e.g. with FeynCalc/Package-X) and publish the resulting normalized dN/dE as a function of m1, m2, and m_psi for direct use in gamma-ray recasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_dark_thermal_bath_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Phi_16 dark-thermal-bath degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No tabulated phase-space distribution f(p) exists for Q_{B-L}=8 fermions produced by decay of the nonrelativistic phi_16 dark thermal bath; the paper provides only characteristic momenta and a free-streaming-length estimate, which is insufficient for a Boltzmann-solver transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced f(p) for a thermal-bath mother scalar decaying after becoming nonrelativistic (thermal parent spectrum convolved with two-body decay kinematics and redshifting), tabulate it, and feed it to the CLASS ncdm sector (psd_file) to compute T(k) and refine Delta N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_coherent_oscillation_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Coherent-oscillation phi_16 degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No tabulated phase-space distribution f(p) exists for the Q_{B-L}=8 fermions produced by decay of the coherently oscillating phi_16 condensate; the paper provides only characteristic momenta and a free-streaming-length estimate, which is insufficient for a Boltzmann-solver transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced f(p) for the condensate-decay history (monochromatic injection redshifted through the oscillation and decay epochs), tabulate it, and feed it to the CLASS ncdm sector (psd_file) to compute T(k) and refine Delta N_eff, following existing scalar-decay WDM distribution derivations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_07863_phi16_free_decay_deg_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Free phi_16 decay degenerate fermion dark matter from broken U(1)_{B-L}", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.07863", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No tabulated phase-space distribution f(p) exists for Q_{B-L}=8 fermions produced by decay of free, never-thermalized nonrelativistic phi_16 particles from inflaton decay; the paper provides only characteristic momenta and a free-streaming-length estimate, which is insufficient for a Boltzmann-solver transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced f(p) for the free-decay history (inflaton-decay phi_16 spectrum redshifted to nonrelativistic momenta, convolved with two-body decay kinematics), tabulate it, and feed it to the CLASS ncdm sector (psd_file) to compute T(k) and refine Delta N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_5865_hidden_fermion_assisted_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-fermion-assisted gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5865", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal momentum distribution of gravitinos from late stau or hidden-fermion X decays is not available (distribution_function_available is no), so the warm fraction f_WDM and free-streaming scale lambda_FS cannot be propagated to a linear transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced gravitino phase-space distribution f(q) from two-body decay kinematics redshifted from the decay epoch, and feed it to CLASS or CAMB as a tabulated non-cold dark matter species to compute mixed cold/warm transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_03295_leptonic_fermion_dm_dilepton_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Leptonic fermion dark matter with scalar dilepton mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03295", "score": 29, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The one-loop effective Higgs portal coupling lambda_eff of the fermion dark matter (generated by f_L, f_R and the scalar dilepton loop) is only qualitatively estimated as 'very small'; no explicit loop calculation exists to turn the loop-suppressed direct-detection prediction into a quantitative nuclear recoil rate.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one-loop chi-chi-Higgs matching (loop of zeta and neutrinos with couplings f_L, f_R, lambda_02) analytically or with an automated loop tool, then feed sigma_SI into a standard direct-detection recast such as DDCalc against current xenon limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_13218_millicharged_excited_sfdm_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged excited-state scalar field dark matter halo", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.13218", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relativistic Lorentz-factor distribution of the scattering SFDM component is not derived from the model; the flux calculation assumes an ad hoc power law with free normalization K and index p, which controls the predicted gamma-ray spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the boosted-component distribution from a specified production or acceleration mechanism within the SFDM halo (e.g. from excited-state transition dynamics or a specified early-universe production history), replacing the (K, p) power-law ansatz with model-determined parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01729_z3_inert_multiplet_semiannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Z3 semi-annihilating inert scalar multiplet model", "family": "semi_annihilating_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.01729", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Sommerfeld corrections from electroweak gauge-boson exchange, which the card lists as shaping both freeze-out and present-day rates for heavy large multiplets, are not provided by micrOMEGAs-class solvers and have not been computed for this two-multiplet Z3 spectrum with its coannihilating charged states.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute coupled-channel electroweak Sommerfeld factors (Hisano-type) for the phi1/phi2 multiplet spectrum including mass splittings, and patch them into the thermally averaged annihilation, semi-annihilation, and coannihilation rates of the Boltzmann solver and into present-day sigma_v for the gamma-ray recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01124_neutron_dark_decay_two_dark_particles_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay two-dark-particle dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01124", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The neutron-star mass constraint cannot be evaluated: no dark-sector equation of state has been derived for this two-particle (fermion plus repulsive/self-interacting scalar) sector, and no two-fluid TOV computation exists to map it to a maximum neutron-star mass M_max.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the zero-temperature EOS of the chi-phi sector as a function of lambda and the mass splitting, then integrate it in a two-fluid TOV solver coupled to a standard nuclear EOS with neutron-to-dark conversion in beta equilibrium, and compare M_max against observed ~2 M_sun pulsars.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_08339_neutrino_portal_dark_force_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal dark matter with neutrino-mediated self-interactions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.08339", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Delta N_eff lower mass floor (~9 MeV) rests on an estimate; the full neutrino-decoupling calculation including MeV-scale dark states thermally coupled to neutrinos has not been done, which limits the precision of the CMB-S4 reach statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a neutrino-decoupling code (e.g. FortEPiaNO or NUDEC_B.C.) with the dark fermion/scalar pair coupled to the chosen neutrino flavor, recompute N_eff(m_DM, m_partner), and interface the result with Planck and CMB-S4 forecast likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_00174_two_singlet_pq_ultralight_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-singlet Peccei-Quinn kinetic Nambu-Goldstone ultralight dark matter", "family": "ultralight_axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.00174", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The normalization of the long-range spin-dependent force is not derived: the induced NG-mode coupling to Standard Model fermions (through the phi_a^2 H_u H_d portal and phi_d-phi_a mixing) has no quantitative expression, so the predicted force cannot be mapped onto laboratory spin-force exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective NG-fermion coupling and force range as functions of f_a and the angular-momentum constants, then recast onto existing monopole-dipole and dipole-dipole force-search compilations (torsion-balance, comagnetometer, and ARIADNE-class limits).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_05703_regurgitated_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Regurgitated fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.05703", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark scalar finite-temperature potential is left agnostic, so the FOPT parameters (T_*, beta/H_*, transition strength) that feed Fermiball formation and the gravitational-wave prediction cannot be computed for any concrete benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify one or more benchmark renormalizable finite-temperature potentials for phi, compute the bounce action and transition parameters with CosmoTransitions, and tabulate (T_*, beta/H_*, alpha) over the dark-sector coupling space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_05703_regurgitated_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Regurgitated fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.05703", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-level effective DM-nucleon interaction for the fermion RDM candidate (dark Yukawa y_phi plus Higgs portal lambda_phi) has not been matched onto nucleon operators, so no sigma_N prediction exists to recast against direct-detection limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform the one-loop matching of the psi-phi-Higgs-portal system onto the spin-independent nucleon effective operator (standard Higgs-exchange loop calculation), and express sigma_N as a function of (y_phi, lambda, m_DM, m_phi) for the recast step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_05703_regurgitated_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Regurgitated scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.05703", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark scalar finite-temperature potential is left agnostic, so the FOPT parameters (T_*, beta/H_*, transition strength) that feed Fermiball formation and the gravitational-wave prediction cannot be computed for any concrete benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify one or more benchmark renormalizable finite-temperature potentials for phi, compute the bounce action and transition parameters with CosmoTransitions, and tabulate (T_*, beta/H_*, alpha) over the dark-sector coupling space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_08901_inert_triplet_fermionic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Y=0 inert-triplet radiative neutrino model with fermionic dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.08901", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-level spin-independent direct-detection cross section for the N_R-dominant fermionic DM is not derived anywhere in the card or source (the paper only argues tree-level Z-portal avoidance qualitatively), so the direct-detection constraint con_fdm_zportal_direct_detection_condition cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one-loop effective DM-quark operators (photon/Z/Higgs penguins and box diagrams with charged scalars and leptons) following standard leptophilic-DM loop calculations, then recast against current SI/SD limits with DDCalc for the relic-compatible scan points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_12916_littlest_seesaw_rhn_portal_fimpzilla_v1", "model_name": "Littlest Seesaw right-handed-neutrino-portal FIMPzilla dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.12916", "score": 27.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gravitational production contribution for the superheavy (~1e10 GeV) dark fermion at large T_RH is omitted, and the card flags high extrapolation risk: the RHN-portal yield alone may not be the full relic abundance near the maximal reheating temperature.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the gravitational particle-production yield for the dark Dirac fermion using standard superheavy-DM gravitational production formalisms as a function of T_RH and m_chi, and add it as a floor contribution in the Boltzmann integration.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1606_00794_inflaton_coupled_ultralight_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-coupled ultralight vector dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1606.00794", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The time evolution of the couplings g''(t) and g'''(t) after reheating, and the resulting depletion of Y_mu through decays to fermion pairs, are stated by the source to be required for the correct abundance but have never been derived.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the running/effective evolution of g'' and g''' as the inflaton bath dilutes, compute the Y_mu -> f fbar depletion rate against the Hubble rate, and fold the surviving abundance into the preheating calculation of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_00455_dark_baryon_sddm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-baryon self-destructing dark matter", "family": "self_destructing_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00455", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The baryon-number-violating transition cross section for converting the stable dark baryon into the unstable dark meson on nuclei is not derived from the composite dark-sector dynamics; the dimension-six operator's coefficient and the bound-state matrix elements are unspecified, leaving the overall event-rate normalization undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive sigma_transition from the scalar-mediated bound-state wavefunctions: compute the overlap matrix element between dark-baryon and dark-meson states for the dimension-six dark-fermion-neutron operator, expressing the result as a function of binding energy, constituent masses, and the operator scale, and publish it as a parameterized rate module for the Earth-transition step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_0880_familon_like_wispy_pseudogoldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Familon-like WISPy pseudo-Goldstone dark matter", "family": "familon_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.0880", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The thermal-population avoidance constraint has no quantitative implementation: the freeze-in/thermalization production rate of relativistic pseudo-Goldstones from fermion-current couplings as a function of f_X and reheating temperature is not derived or coded, so the hot-component bound cannot be checked (likelihood_available: unknown, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermal production rate from derivative fermion-current couplings (standard freeze-in collision integrals), compute the resulting hot fraction and Delta N_eff versus (f_X, T_R), and encode the exclusion where the thermal component violates hot dark matter or dark radiation bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_05180_elko_electromagnetic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Electromagnetically interacting Elko dark matter", "family": "elko_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.05180", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Elko-nucleon electromagnetic scattering amplitude induced by the tensor photon coupling has not been derived, so no direct-detection cross section or gamma-ray annihilation spectrum can be computed and the direct/indirect recast target cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-relativistic EFT matching of the Elko tensor photon operator onto nucleon-level operators (analogous to magnetic-dipole/anapole dark matter treatments), map to the standard NREFT basis used by XENON/LUX likelihood tools, and compute the gamma-ray annihilation spectrum for comparison with Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_07601_dilaton_pngb_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dilaton forbidden dark matter", "family": "composite_forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.07601", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No derivation or recast pipeline exists for the dilaton-SM contact-operator phenomenology: for any chosen operator basis O_SM and scale M_*, the collider production, nuclear-scattering, and annihilation-product rates, and the dilaton thermal-equilibrium/decay condition that the relic calculation assumes, have not been computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Fix a minimal set of SM-singlet contact operators (e.g. Higgs-portal-like and gauge-boson operators), derive the dilaton production/decay and DM scattering rates for each, verify the dilaton-SM equilibration condition during freeze-out, and recast against existing collider and direct/indirect-detection limits with standard tools (MadGraph for collider, DDCalc-class for direct detection).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0411283_decaying_dm_to_lorentz_violating_fermions_v1", "model_name": "Decaying dark matter to Lorentz-violating fermions", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0411283", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The linear perturbation theory of the Lorentz-violating daughter fermion gas (effective sound speed, anisotropic stress, and clustering behavior of a component whose w(k,z) depends on the k/b momentum scale) has never been derived, so the growth-and-smoothing constraint cannot be formulated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the perturbed Boltzmann hierarchy for a fermion with dispersion omega(k) modified by the condensate scale b, including the decay source term from the parent, and reduce it to effective fluid equations (c_s^2, sigma) usable in a Boltzmann code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11862_fermion_moduli_portal_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic FIMP dark matter through a moduli portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11862", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card states the fermionic FIMP has a nonthermal momentum distribution but no distribution function is supplied (distribution_function_available: no) and no thermal-WDM mapping or transfer-function estimate exists, so whether the model behaves like CDM on small scales cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f_X(p, T) of moduli-portal freeze-in through reheating (following existing freeze-in phase-space calculations), derive the free-streaming length and an equivalent thermal-WDM mass, and feed the resulting transfer function to CLASS/CAMB for small-scale structure constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_13397_local_b_l_dirac_asymmetric_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-and-lepton-number Dirac asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dirac_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13397", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The symmetric-component annihilation cross section has never been computed: the card records that the asymmetric relic interpretation requires efficient annihilation (e.g. into Z_B h_B) but that no cross section was calculated, so it is unverified whether the symmetric Dirac component actually annihilates below the asymmetric floor anywhere in the (M_DM, g_B, v_B) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_B x U(1)_L model in FeynRules and compute the symmetric-component freeze-out (Z_B h_B, Z_B Z_B, and fermionic channels) with a standard relic code such as micrOMEGAs or MadDM, mapping where the residual symmetric abundance is subdominant to the asymmetry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_06242_planck_suppressed_higgs_oscillating_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Planck-suppressed Higgs-coupled oscillating scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06242", "score": 24.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative laboratory signal prediction is derived for the ultralight (1e-6 to 1e-4 eV) Higgs-coupled scalar: the paper only states nuclear recoil is hopeless at g ~ 1e-16, and the appropriate coherent-field signatures (Higgs-portal-induced oscillations of fermion masses, fifth-force/equivalence-principle effects) are left uncomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the scalar-Higgs mixing-induced couplings to electrons and nucleons from the dimension-6 operator and compare the predicted oscillating-constant and Yukawa-force signals to atomic-clock, MICROSCOPE/Eot-Wash, and haloscope-style ultralight-scalar limits at the relevant masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_06242_rs_bulk_scalar_higgs_oscillating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Randall-Sundrum bulk-scalar oscillating dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06242", "score": 24.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative laboratory signal prediction is derived for the ultralight warp-suppressed zero mode: the paper only states nuclear recoil is hopeless at g ~ 1e-16, and coherent-field signatures (Higgs-portal-induced oscillations of fermion masses, fifth-force/equivalence-principle effects) are left uncomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the zero-mode couplings to electrons and nucleons from the brane-localized phi^2 h^2 interaction after electroweak breaking and compare the predicted oscillating-constant and Yukawa-force signals to atomic-clock, MICROSCOPE/Eot-Wash, and other ultralight-scalar limits at 1e-6 to 1e-4 eV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_05170_phase_transition_depopulated_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Phase-transition depopulated fermionic dark matter", "family": "thermal_wimp_depopulation", "arxiv": "1712.05170", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-level spin-independent N-nucleon scattering cross section for this leptophilic Majorana-fermion plus Z2-odd scalar-doublet model has not been derived or implemented, so direct-detection null results (LUX, PandaX-II, XENON1T) cannot be recast onto (Y, M_N, M_eta).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one-loop photon-penguin and Z/Higgs-penguin induced effective N-quark operators for the N-L-eta Yukawa structure (following existing loop-level singlet-fermion calculations), implement the resulting sigma_SI in a DDCalc-style recast against XENON1T, and scan the benchmark region sum|Y_a|^2 ~ 1e-7.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_04453_hidden_sector_dark_fermion_hubble_tension_v1", "model_name": "Out-of-equilibrium U(1)_X hidden-sector dark-fermion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.04453", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The model-specific linear transfer function has never been derived: the dark-fermion-pseudoscalar/scalar momentum-transfer rate has not been mapped onto an ETHOS-type dark-matter-dark-radiation parameterization, so no P(k) exists for the late-kinetic-decoupling regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the angular-averaged momentum-transfer cross section for D scattering off the massless pseudoscalar bath, map it to ETHOS (a_n, alpha_l) coefficients including the T_h/T temperature ratio, and compute transfer functions in an ETHOS-modified CLASS.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_10084_dark_fopt_fermi_ball_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-FOPT Fermi-ball-collapse primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2304.10084", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The map from dark-FOPT potential parameters to the PBH mass function and abundance (fermion filtering into false-vacuum pockets, Fermi-ball formation, and the microphysics-dependent cooling/collapse criterion) exists only as the paper's phenomenological treatment, with no public implementation and an uncertain cooling criterion.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the filtering/Fermi-ball/collapse chain as a module taking CosmoTransitions-style outputs (T_*, alpha, beta/H_*, bubble radius distribution) plus the dark-fermion asymmetry and Yukawa, including the cooling criterion, so mass-function parameters are derived rather than free inputs; validate against the paper's benchmark mass functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1997_high_scale_messenger_darkogenesis_v1", "model_name": "High-scale darkogenesis with leptodark messenger sphaleron transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1997", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Delta N_eff contribution of the massless z fermions is not computed; BBN safety is asserted only under a qualitative cooler-hidden-sector assumption with no hidden-to-visible temperature-ratio evolution.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the hidden-sector temperature ratio xi(T) from separate comoving entropy conservation after decoupling before the QCD transition, compute Delta N_eff at BBN and recombination, and compare with Planck/BBN Delta N_eff bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_06716_dark_sector_vacuum_scalarization_solitos_v1", "model_name": "Dark-sector vacuum-scalarized non-topological soliton stars", "family": "compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.06716", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative formation calculation exists: solitosynthesis/solitogenesis abundance and the resulting soliton-star mass function are not derived, so f_DM and the mass spectrum feeding the microlensing population step cannot be predicted from model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the soliton mass function and relic fraction by extending Fermi-ball/solitosynthesis formation calculations (charge-fluctuation statistics plus phase-transition history) to this Yukawa-coupled scalar-fermion sector, with accretion evolution to the stable branch.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_08750_nonabelian_goldstone_absorption_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian Goldstone absorption dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08750", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative production/abundance model exists for the Goldstone relic: the card gives no distribution function and only the qualitative statement that thermalization overcloses, so the thermal-production bound in (m_pi, Lambda, T_R) space needed to define the viable target region cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the freeze-in production rate of the Goldstone multiplet from SM fermions as a function of Lambda and T_R (a standard collision-integral calculation), yielding the overclosure/thermalization boundary and the relic momentum distribution as closed-form or tabulated results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_07542_flipped_su5_inflaton_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) inflaton-scalar dark matter unification", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07542", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The proton-lifetime prediction of about 5e35 years is quoted without the model-specific GUT threshold corrections, RG running with the vector-like fermion spectrum, or decay branching ratios needed for a testable prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive tau_p for this flipped SU(5) x U(1)_X spectrum with two-loop gauge running including the vector-like fermions, threshold matching at M_GUT, and lattice nucleon matrix elements, producing channel-by-channel lifetimes comparable to Super-K/Hyper-K limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_00455_angular_momentum_sddm_v1", "model_name": "Angular-momentum-stabilized self-destructing dark positronium", "family": "self_destructing_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00455", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nuclear-scattering cross section for angular-momentum-changing transitions of the high-l dark positronium-like state (high-l to low-l de-excitation via the kinetically mixed vector) is not derived beyond proof-of-principle, so the Earth transition probability that sets all event rates cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the inelastic bound-state form factors for l-changing transitions (dark-atom matrix elements between n,l states under nuclear Coulomb-like scattering through the kinetically mixed mediator) and implement them in a small Earth-transit code that convolves the halo DM flux with the PREM Earth density profile to output transition probability versus arrival direction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12578_z2_fraternal_twin_tau_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z2 Fraternal Twin Higgs right-handed twin tau WIMP", "family": "fraternal_twin_higgs_wimp", "arxiv": "2106.12578", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The photon and antiproton spectra from twin-tau annihilation are not computable with standard tools: annihilation proceeds into twin bottoms and long-lived twin glueballs that decay to SM states through the Higgs portal, a cascade absent from SM-final-state spectrum tables like PPPC4DMID, so the indirect-detection signal cannot be predicted.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the twin-hadronization and twin-glueball spectrum for the fraternal twin QCD sector, compute the glueball Higgs-portal decay branching fractions, and shower the resulting SM final states with Pythia to produce gamma-ray and antiproton injection spectra as functions of (m_tau_prime, twin confinement scale, portal mixing).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_00505_se6ssm_gravitino_neutral_exotic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SE6SSM gravitino and lightest neutral exotic fermion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.00505", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "In the parameter regions where tree-level Higgs/Z couplings are tuned small, electroweak loop corrections set the sigma_SI floor, but the loop computation (known for MSSM-like Higgsino/wino dark matter, arXiv:1104.0228) has not been derived for the SE6SSM neutral exotic fermion with its extra U(1)N and exotic states.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the Hisano-type electroweak two-loop/one-loop direct-detection calculation to the SE6SSM exotic-fermion quantum numbers, including Z' and exotic Higgs contributions, and add it as a loop-level correction to the effective a_q, d_q couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05716_majoron_scalar_two_step_gravitational_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-step Majoron-scalar gravitational production of fermionic dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05716", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-matter phase-space distribution f_chi(p) from two-step production (gravitationally produced scalar parents decaying to fermions during/after reheating) has not been derived; without it the warmness, free-streaming scale, and any structure-formation recast of the sub-MeV benchmark are undefined.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for the parent scalar spectrum from gravitational production with inflaton power k, convolve with the two-body decay kernel (standard FIMP-from-decay spectrum machinery) to obtain f_chi(p), and feed the result into the CLASS ncdm sector to compute the transfer function and free-streaming scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_02835_forbidden_fermion_mediator_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-in dark matter from a light thermal fermion mediator", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.02835", "score": 23, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mediator lifetime tau_psi and its cosmological/collider consequences are only qualitative handles: no lifetime calculation in a specified UV realization exists, so BBN, CMB, and LHC displaced-vertex constraints cannot be evaluated for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "For the right- and left-handed fermion-mediator UV examples sketched in the paper, derive the mediator decay width and lifetime, then recast existing BBN/CMB energy-injection bounds and LHC long-lived-particle searches (e.g. via a displaced-vertex recast in a public reinterpretation framework) onto (m_psi, tau_psi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0509242_mirror_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken-Z2 mirror baryon dark matter", "family": "mirror_baryon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509242", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mirror-radiation prediction Delta N_nu ~ 1.4 is a minimal thermodynamic estimate that ignores entropy transfer during the two sectors' QCD phase transitions and mirror-gluon entropy leakage; no calculation exists that tracks the coupled SM and mirror thermal histories through decoupling at T_M ~ 2-6 GeV with heavier mirror fermion thresholds.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the coupled entropy evolution of the two sectors through their respective QCD transitions and fermion thresholds (extending standard g_star(T) tabulations to the shifted mirror spectrum), producing Delta N_eff(T_M, mirror fermion masses) that can be fed to the standard Planck/BBN N_eff likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17099_type_ii_2hdm_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Type-II extended 2HDM QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17099", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model-specific axion-photon coupling has not been derived: the electromagnetic-to-color anomaly ratio E/N of this extended Type-II 2HDM with U(1)_{B_i-L_i} and two PQ-charged singlets is never computed, so the model cannot be placed on the (m_a, g_a_gamma) haloscope plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute E/N from the PQ charge assignments of the Type-II fermion content (including the B_i-L_i charged leptons and right-handed neutrinos) using the standard anomaly-coefficient formula, and record g_a_gamma(F_a) with the model-independent chiral correction E/N - 1.92.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_03749_local_baryon_number_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-number anomaly-cancellation Majorana dark matter", "family": "gauged_baryon_number_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.03749", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gamma-line signature is transferred from a related anomaly-free model (arXiv:1904.01017) and the loop-induced chi chi -> gamma gamma rate has not been derived for the 2405.03749 benchmark, so the line target cannot be quantitatively evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-level annihilation cross section into gamma gamma (quark and exotic-fermion loops with Z_B/scalar exchange) for this model's spectrum, then compare against Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. line-search limits using their published limit curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_05859_superheavy_asymmetric_thermal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy asymmetric thermal dark matter with late entropy dilution", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.05859", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The compact-object channel (pulsar collapse, type-Ia ignition from 0.1-100 PeV asymmetric DM capture) has no capture, thermalization, and collapse-rate calculation in the card; the route caveat explicitly states a separate capture and collapse calculation is required and none is implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the neutron-star/white-dwarf capture rate, thermalization time, and self-gravitating collapse criterion for the PeV asymmetric Dirac fermion with the vector-mediator cross section sigma_0 = alpha_DM^2/m_DM^2, following existing asymmetric-DM capture formalisms, and package it as an analytic module mapping (m_DM, sigma_0, eta_DM) to collapse constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_13298_e6_two_component_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "E6 two-component dark matter formalism", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.13298", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No concrete low-energy benchmark spectrum has been derived: the paper leaves fits of the E6 breaking vevs, seesaw-scale Yukawas, and scalar mass-matrix entries to future work, so the fermion mass, neutral scalar splitting Delta m, and charged-state splittings entering both observables are not calculable from stated inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the E6 27_F/27_S field content and breaking chain in SARAH to generate an SPheno spectrum module, deriving RGE-evolved low-energy mass matrices and mixing angles for a small set of benchmark vev hierarchies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_14882_light_2hdm_scalar_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light two-Higgs-doublet scalar forbidden dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14882", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The one-loop radiative annihilation amplitude (SS to photon plus lepton pair or gamma-gamma through the muon loop) that produces the model's key MeV gamma-ray signature has not been derived, so no spectral prediction exists to compare with future MeV telescopes.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-level radiative annihilation cross section and photon spectrum for the leptophilic light-scalar mediator just below threshold, then fold it with published MeV telescope sensitivity curves (COSI, e-ASTROGAM/AMEGO-type) for a detectability forecast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_07943_kk_gauge_boson_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kaluza-Klein gauge boson dark matter from brane-world quantum gravity", "family": "extra_dimensional_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.07943", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No rate calculation exists mapping the Planck-suppressed KK-vector coupling to the SM energy-momentum tensor onto gamma-ray or collider observables, so the branon search limits (which assume the unabsorbed branon EFT) cannot be recast onto this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the KK-vector annihilation/decay and collider missing-energy cross sections from the effective 4D massive-vector action with M_P-suppressed couplings, then recast the existing branon gamma-ray telescope and LEP/LHC missing-energy analyses onto the (f, m_X) plane with the corrected coupling structure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_11450_low_scale_trinification_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale trinification Majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.11450", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The two-loop Majoron-photon effective coupling g_Agamma is only estimated, not calculated, so the indirect-detection photon-line/diffuse-background constraint for the sub-MeV Majoron cannot be set at better than order-of-magnitude precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform the two-loop calculation of the Majoron-photon coupling in the 3331 trinification field content (analogous to published two-loop Majoron electromagnetic-coupling calculations in seesaw models) and map tau(A -> gamma gamma) onto existing keV-MeV decaying-DM X-ray/gamma-ray line limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_10759_stueckelberg_u1x_scotogenic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stueckelberg U(1)_X scotogenic fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.10759", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The radiatively induced Z-prime couplings to quarks — which control both the XENON1T direct-detection prediction and the visible annihilation final states for a Fermi-LAT dwarf recast — are not available as a reusable parameterized result, only as paper-level statements.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-induced Z-prime-quark effective couplings as functions of (g_X, m_Zprime, inert-scalar and Yukawa parameters), encode them in the model implementation, and connect the resulting sigma_N and annihilation spectra (via PPPC4DMID/HDMSpectra-style tables) to the public XENON1T/LZ limits and Fermi-LAT dwarf joint likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_16848_mass_dimension_one_fermion_em_coupled_v1", "model_name": "Mass-dimension-one fermion non-minimally coupled to electromagnetism", "family": "mass_dimension_one_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.16848", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The annihilation and scattering cross sections of the mass-dimension-one fermion with its non-minimal electromagnetic coupling (e [gamma_mu,gamma_nu] F^{mu nu}) have not been derived: the primary paper stops at renormalization-group results, so there is no rate input for freeze-out, collider missing-energy, or direct-detection predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive tree-level MDOF-pair annihilation into photons/charged SM particles and MDOF-SM scattering amplitudes using the paper's Feynman rules and the Wigner-degenerate spin sums, evaluated with running couplings e(mu) from the published one-loop beta function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_right_handed_neutrino_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No linear perturbation theory or Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the coupled system of a degenerate right-handed-neutrino background plus its ultralight (about 1e-19 eV) condensate Higgs mode, so the transfer function, small-scale power suppression, and half-mode mass are all unknown on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective fluid/perturbation equations for the condensate (sound speed and quantum-pressure terms analogous to fuzzy/superfluid dark matter) plus the degenerate fermion component, and implement them in a modified CLASS (e.g. extending the axionCAMB/ultralight-scalar module) to produce transfer functions over the viable parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_vector_like_quark_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like quark color-superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No linear perturbation theory or Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the degenerate vector-like-quark background plus its condensate Higgs mode, so the transfer function, small-scale power effect, and half-mode mass are all unknown on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective fluid/perturbation equations for the CFL condensate Higgs mode (sound speed, quantum pressure, self-coupling terms) plus the degenerate fermion component and implement them in a modified CLASS ultralight-scalar/superfluid module to produce transfer functions across the broad viable mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1106_1182_gauge_mediated_r_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated O'Raifeartaigh R-ball dark matter", "family": "non_topological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.1182", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The R-ball lifetime against gravitino/gaugino emission is only estimated with simplified thick-wall surface/interior decay arguments; a controlled soliton decay-rate calculation for the gauge-mediated R-symmetric and R-breaking variants is missing, and the lifetime is the quantity that decides whether R-balls survive as dark matter at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Numerically solve the R-ball soliton profile in the O'Raifeartaigh potential and compute fermion evaporation and loop-induced decay rates channel by channel (gravitino, gaugino, gauge-boson emission), extending Cohen-Coleman-Georgi-Manohar-style surface-evaporation calculations to the thick-wall gauge-mediated regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1112_3461_flavour_vacuum_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric flavour-vacuum dark matter", "family": "flavour_vacuum_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1112.3461", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The flavour-vacuum framework provides only homogeneous background stress-energy expectation values; no cosmological perturbation equations (sound speed, anisotropic stress, clustering behavior) have been derived for the fermionic condensate, so it cannot be propagated through CMB or large-scale-structure observables beyond the background.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear-perturbation stress-energy of the Blasone-Vitiello flavour vacuum on an FRW background (effective sound speed and anisotropic stress of each sector), reducing it to a generalized-dark-matter parameterization that can be dropped into the GDM module of CLASS or CAMB.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_10107_neutron_dark_decay_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay Dirac fermion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10107", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmological production or relic-abundance calculation exists for the dark Dirac fermion chi (the card marks relic calculation_type unknown and the route caveat states it is not calculated), so chi cannot be assessed as a dark-matter component or confronted with any cosmological observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive chi's early-universe production through the U(1)' Zprime portal (freeze-out or freeze-in depending on e_prime) and compute Omega_chi h^2 by implementing the UV completion in micrOMEGAs, mapping the (M_Zprime, e_prime, m_chi) space against the observed abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_02025_charged_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Charged scalar field dark matter with dark photon", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02025", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative derivation exists of the photon upscattering/emission rate from halo excited states as a function of dark charge q and kinetic mixing epsilon, so the proposed Fermi-Bubble signal cannot be forward-modeled at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-photon-mediated energy-transfer rate from excited SFDM halo states to starlight/CMB photons (transition rates between halo states times photon conversion probability for given epsilon), producing an emissivity map that can be compared to gamma-ray data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9709492_supersymmetric_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Q-ball dark matter from condensate fragmentation", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9709492", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no implemented survival calculation combining surface fermionic evaporation, finite-temperature erosion, and charge leakage to evolve a Q-ball charge distribution from formation to today; the card notes these were not numerically recomputed and survival is asserted only at order-of-magnitude level.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and code the Cohen-Coleman-Georgi-Manohar surface evaporation rate together with finite-temperature potential corrections and thermal charge erosion into a charge-distribution evolution solver taking the gap_1 output as input and returning the surviving relic abundance and evaporated charge Delta Q.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9809547_fermionic_superheavy_x_vacuum_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic superheavy X-particle from vacuum fluctuations", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9809547", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The isocurvature perturbation spectrum of the gravitationally produced fermionic X component has not been derived for this model, so the s4 likelihood step has no model-side input to compare against CMB isocurvature bounds despite a partial data-side likelihood existing.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the X-density isocurvature power spectrum from the fermionic mode functions as a function of m_X/H_I, following the related isocurvature-constraint literature, and map it onto the Planck CDI amplitude parameter for use with the existing Planck isocurvature likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1301_1864_quantum_fermionic_wdm_thomas_fermi_v1", "model_name": "Quantum fermionic warm dark matter Thomas-Fermi galaxy model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1301.1864", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The primordial phase-space distribution f(E) since decoupling is explicitly left outside the paper's scope and no production mechanism is specified, so the input distribution to the Thomas-Fermi equation and the linear free-streaming cutoff (quoted only as ~50 kpc) cannot be derived rather than assumed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(E) for concrete benchmark production channels (thermal relic with entropy dilution, Dodelson-Widrow or resonant sterile-neutrino production) and feed each distribution both to the Thomas-Fermi solver and to a Boltzmann code (CLASS with a non-cold relic given the tabulated psd) to compute the matching transfer function and free-streaming scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_11533_e6_exotic_hot_dark_matter_asymmetry_v1", "model_name": "E6-inspired exotic-state hot dark matter asymmetry scenario", "family": "e6_inspired_susy_hot_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.11533", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution of the decay/asymmetry-produced sub-eV exotic fermions is not derived (distribution_function_available: no), so their transfer-function and Delta N_eff imprint cannot be fed to a CMB/LSS Boltzmann code beyond a crude thermal-species approximation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the momentum distribution f(q) of the exotic fermions from their production and decoupling history and pass it to CLASS/CAMB as a tabulated non-cold-dark-matter (ncdm) species, then constrain with the standard Planck+BAO likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_06141_higgs_portal_fermion_dm_neutron_star_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal fermionic dark matter with a light scalar mediator in neutron-star matter", "family": "higgs_portal_fermionic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.06141", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The in-star dark matter content is put in by hand as a constant density (rho_chi/rho_n = 1e-3) and constant Fermi momentum; no capture/accretion calculation predicts the dark matter profile inside the star for this feebly coupled scenario, which the card flags as a high-extrapolation-risk assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the accreted/captured dark matter mass and radial profile from the model's sigma_chi-N cross section using standard neutron-star capture formalism (Goulding/Bell-type capture rates for light scalar mediators) and replace the constant-density ansatz with a two-fluid TOV profile.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_composite_hidden_baryon_v1", "model_name": "Secluded composite hidden-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 12.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The hidden meson/glueball branching fractions and Standard Model decay spectra through the dimension-8 connector operator have never been derived beyond the parametric width scaling, so the mediator-lifetime constraint cannot be recast onto BBN/CMB energy-injection or indirect-detection limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the M prime and glueball partial widths and SM final-state spectra from the (G prime)^2 (SM)^2 / m_f^4 operator for representative connector charges, then feed the lifetimes and injected spectra into existing BBN/CMB energy-injection tools (e.g. ACROPOLIS, ExoCLASS) to produce an actual exclusion in the (Lambda_prime, m_f) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 21, "rank_structure_formation": 25}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Sterile-neutrino production solver", "n_gaps": 61, "n_models": 61, "weight": 1724.6, "n_models_structure_formation": 44, "weight_structure_formation": 1198.4, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 39, "degrades_precision": 7, "blocks_all_observables": 15}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 40, "large": 19, "small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1910_04901_self_interacting_neutrino_dw_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile neutrino dark matter with active-neutrino self-interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04901", "score": 43, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public quantum kinetic solver evolves sterile-neutrino production with a light-scalar-mediated active-neutrino self-interaction, i.e. the modified in-medium mixing potential and phi-mediated scattering/on-shell decay collision terms of the paper's master equation; only standard-DW codes (sterile-dm, LASAGNA) are public.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Dodelson-Widrow quantum kinetic code (e.g. sterile-dm) with the phi-induced thermal self-energy and the scattering plus on-shell phi decay/inverse-decay production rates over (m_phi, lambda_phi, active flavor), validating against the paper's m4 = 7.1 keV S-shaped abundance contour and case A/B/C spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03398_resonant_sterile_neutrino_nonstandard_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter in non-standard pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03398", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public resonant sterile-neutrino production solver supports a non-standard pre-BBN expansion history: existing quantum-kinetic/Boltzmann codes (e.g. sterile-dm for Shi-Fuller production) hard-code the standard H(T), so the model's central parameterization of a modified Hubble rate above T_tr cannot be scanned with existing tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Shi-Fuller solver (sterile-dm or an averaged-Boltzmann reimplementation) to take a parameterized H(T) with power-law index and transition temperature T_tr as inputs, tracking lepton-asymmetry depletion and entropy conservation, and validate against the paper's example cosmology wedges in the mass-mixing plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_06364_twin_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Twin sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.06364", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver evolves the coupled SM and twin-sector baths with twin-sector Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino production (including twin matter potentials), N_A freeze-out and out-of-equilibrium decay, and the resulting entropy injection and T_B/T_A history; the paper's calculation is in-house and unreleased.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (sterile-dm/DW-solver class) with a second gauge-sector bath: add twin matter potentials, coupled T_A(t)/T_B(t) evolution, and a decaying-N_A entropy-injection module, validated against the paper's Omega_NB = Omega_DM contours and pre-BBN injection timeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_13328_nonstandard_prebbn_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter in non-standard pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.13328", "score": 40.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public sterile-neutrino production solver computes non-resonant freeze-in in non-standard pre-BBN expansion histories; existing Dodelson-Widrow codes (sterile-dm class) hard-code standard radiation domination and cannot scan H(T), T_tr, or entropy-producing low-reheating histories.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Dodelson-Widrow solver (or implement the paper's closed-form production kernels) with a parameterized pre-BBN module taking H(T), T_tr, and entropy injection as inputs, outputting f_s(p) and Omega_s h^2 over the (m_s, sin^2 2theta) plane for kination, scalar-tensor, and low-reheating cosmologies.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_06085_numsm_fnv_leptogenesis_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "nuMSM sterile-neutrino dark matter with fermion-number-violating leptogenesis effects", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06085", "score": 40, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The N1 momentum distribution from resonant production boosted by the FNV-generated lepton asymmetry is not computed; the card records only an approximate distribution with no free-streaming length, so warm-DM structure predictions cannot be derived quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the time-dependent lepton asymmetry output of the kinetic solver into a public resonant sterile-neutrino production code (sterile-dm class) to obtain f(p) for N1 over the 1-50 keV mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_06821_neutrino_coupled_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-coupled ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.06821", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The early-universe sterile-production Boltzmann calculation that yields Delta N_eff in the presence of the oscillating scalar background exists only as the paper's private computation; no public solver handles active-sterile production with a phi(t)-dependent mass splitting through BBN and neutrino decoupling.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public sterile-neutrino production/decoupling solver (e.g. a LASAGNA-style momentum-averaged quantum kinetic code) to include the time-dependent induced Majorana mass from the cosmological scalar amplitude, validated against the paper's Planck Delta N_eff = 0.28 and BBN Delta N_eff > 0.5 contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_11902_ad_lball_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine L-ball resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter scenario", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.11902", "score": 39.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public sterile-neutrino kinetic solver couples Shi-Fuller resonant production to a time-dependent lepton asymmetry L_nue(T) released by L-ball decay; existing public resonant-production codes assume a primordial (pre-existing) asymmetry, and the paper's numerical framework was not released, with the stationary-point approximation additionally limiting validity below m_s ~ 10-20 keV.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public resonant sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm solver of Venumadhav et al.) to accept an externally supplied L_nue(T) injection history from L-ball decay, solving the full momentum-dependent quantum kinetic equation to remove the stationary-point restriction, and validate against the paper's abundance contours and free-streaming lengths.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_04168_visible_sterile_neutrino_low_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Visible sterile-neutrino dark matter in low-reheating pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04168", "score": 36.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code computes non-resonant active-sterile freeze-in in a low-reheating-temperature pre-BBN cosmology; existing Dodelson-Widrow solvers such as sterile-dm assume standard radiation domination, so the suppressed abundance and modified momentum distribution f_s(p) for T_RH ~ 5 MeV cannot be regenerated without reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. sterile-dm) with the low-reheating Hubble rate, entropy-injection temperature history, and matter-potential evolution below T_RH, outputting f_s(p) and Omega_s over the m_s-sin^2(2theta)-T_RH grid and validating against the paper's T_RH = 5 MeV suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04168_visible_sterile_neutrino_scalar_tensor_v1", "model_name": "Visible sterile-neutrino dark matter in scalar-tensor pre-BBN cosmology", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04168", "score": 36.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public sterile-neutrino production Boltzmann solver supports a non-standard scalar-tensor pre-BBN expansion history; the extra momentum-dependent factor in f_s(p) relative to the active-neutrino distribution must currently be reconstructed by hand from the primary paper's equations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Dodelson-Widrow production code (e.g. sterile-dm or a LASAGNA-style quantum-kinetic solver) to accept a user-supplied H(T), parameterized by the scalar-tensor transition temperature and enhancement factor, and output f_s(p), Omega_s, and N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4646_singlet_higgs_decay_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-singlet-Higgs decay sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4646", "score": 36.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements the coupled singlet-Higgs thermal history plus sterile-neutrino production from S decays (in- and out-of-equilibrium regimes with entropy dilution); the calculation exists only as the paper's private analytic/numerical treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the S freeze-out and S -> NN decay kinetic equations in a public sterile-neutrino production framework (e.g. extend a sterile-DM production code of the sterile-nu/DW family or write a standalone momentum-grid Boltzmann integrator) parameterized by (m_S, lambda_HS, f, B), validated against the paper's B~0.01-0.1, f=(1-5)e-8 abundance examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_06651_abelian_zprime_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Abelian Z' sterile-neutrino progenitor dark matter variants", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.06651", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes sterile-neutrino production from massive Z' decays with the vector-decay collision term and in-medium active-sterile mixing, so the relic abundance, momentum distribution f(q), and MeV-era N_eff contribution of this progenitor mechanism cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (sterile-dm-style momentum-dependent Boltzmann solver) with the Z' -> N nu decay collision term, thermal Z' abundance evolution, and in-medium mixing angles, outputting f(q), Omega_s h^2, and Delta N_eff as functions of (M_Zprime, g', theta, M_s).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_09840_kev_sterile_neutrino_mes_a4_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile neutrino dark matter in a minimal extended seesaw A4 model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09840", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end production pipeline connects the MES A4 model parameters (mass matrices, active-sterile mixing, lepton asymmetry) to a sterile-neutrino momentum distribution, relic density, and transfer function; the card names only a generic 'sterile-neutrino production solver' with no implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap an existing public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. sterile-dm for resonant/non-resonant oscillation production) with an interface that takes the MES A4 seesaw output (m_s, sin^2(2theta), lepton asymmetry) and returns f(p), Omega_s h^2, and a CLASS-ready momentum distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_01011_sterile_neutrino_singlet_scalar_decay_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile neutrino dark matter from singlet scalar decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.01011", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled momentum-dependent Boltzmann equations of the freeze-in/frozen-out singlet scalar and the sterile neutrino it decays to (including the FIMP, in-equilibrium, out-of-equilibrium, and intermediate regimes with varying g_*), so f_N(p,t) and Omega_N h^2 cannot be regenerated outside the authors' private code.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper's master equation for f_N(p,t) sourced by the scalar distribution as an open momentum-grid Boltzmann code (or extend an existing freeze-in framework in the style of sterile-dm/DarkSUSY modules), including full g_*(T) evolution, validated against the paper's published abundance contours and double-peaked spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_neutrinophilic_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a neutrinophilic vector mediator", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public phase-space Boltzmann solver computes sterile-neutrino production with the neutrinophilic vector's modified neutrino self-interaction rates and thermal potential; existing sterile-neutrino production codes implement only Standard Model interaction rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm solver of Venumadhav et al.) with the paper's V_T(m_V, lambda, T) and Gamma(m_V, lambda, T) for a neutrino-only-coupled vector, solving df_4/dz on a momentum grid to output f_4(x,z) and Omega_4 h^2 over (m4, sin^2 2theta, m_V, lambda), validated against the paper's relic target curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_08249_inverse_seesaw_kev_neutrino_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale inverse-seesaw keV sterile-neutrino freeze-in model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08249", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public finite-temperature freeze-in Boltzmann solver exists for keV sterile-neutrino production via two-body heavy-neutrino decays plus mixing-mediated production near the electroweak scale, including thermal self-energy corrections to neutrino mixing; the card's route lists this solver as required with tool_or_code null.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing freeze-in framework (e.g. the micrOMEGAs freeze-in module or a sterile-neutrino production code in the sterile-dm/Ghiglieri-Laine tradition) with temperature-dependent self-energies and heavy-neutrino decay source terms for the (2,3) inverse-seesaw spectrum, outputting the sterile-neutrino yield versus temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_5870_kev_sterile_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Single keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5870", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled pipeline maps the production mechanism (non-resonant, resonant with lepton asymmetry, or entropy-diluted) to the sterile-neutrino momentum distribution and then to a linear transfer function; the card relies on crude thermal-equivalent WDM mass mappings instead of the actual non-thermal f(q).", "proposed_resolution": "Couple an existing sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. a Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller solver such as sterile-dm) to CLASS non-cold-dark-matter species, feeding the computed f(q) for each production scenario directly into the Boltzmann hierarchy to output model-specific transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1205_0569_composite_sterile_dirac_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Composite sterile Dirac neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0569", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No production solver covers this model's non-standard sterile-neutrino production histories: resonant production with a large lepton asymmetry at low reheating temperature and direct inflaton-decay production; existing public codes for resonant Shi-Fuller production assume a standard high-temperature radiation-dominated history.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public resonant-production code (e.g. sterile-dm) with a low-reheat background evolution and an inflaton-decay source term to output full momentum distributions f(p) over the (m_d, theta_d, lepton asymmetry, T_R) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_b_minus_l_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) B-L vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public phase-space Boltzmann solver computes sterile-neutrino production with B-L vector-modified thermal potentials and scattering rates; existing sterile-neutrino production codes implement only Standard Model interaction rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm solver of Venumadhav et al.) with the paper's V_T(m_V, g_BL, T) and Gamma(m_V, g_BL, T) formulas, solving df_4/dz on a momentum grid to output f_4(x,z) and Omega_4 h^2 over the (m4, sin^2 2theta, m_V, g_BL) space, validated against the paper's relic target curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1204_3902_constrained_numsm_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Constrained nuMSM resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1204.3902", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public quantum-kinetic solver evolves the N2,3 density-matrix equations from sphaleron freeze-out down to T about 100 MeV with the required near-degeneracy (Delta M below 1e-6 eV at M about 2 GeV), so the lepton asymmetry that drives resonant N1 production and links it to the BAU cannot be computed end to end.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public leptogenesis-via-oscillations density-matrix code to the low-temperature regime, adding hadronic-plasma susceptibilities and rates below the QCD transition and stiff-degeneracy-safe integration, validated against the published |mu_alpha| about 8e-6 benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_6736_decay_product_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Decay-product hot dark matter", "family": "decay_produced_hot_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.6736", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation of the decay-produced daughter momentum distribution: the CMB spectra and matter power spectrum for this model's nonthermal HDM admixture (including the skewness-level departure from a thermal or Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino distribution) have never been computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's analytic daughter distribution f(q) as a tabulated psd file for the CLASS ncdm sector (or the CAMB nu_mass distribution interface), parameterized by mother lifetime tau, branching B_hdm, and hierarchy parameter epsilon/x_2, and validate against the Delta N_eff and m_hdm_eff moment mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_2690_sterile_neutrino_pion_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from pion decays after the QCD phase transition", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.2690", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public production code computes the pion-decay sterile-neutrino distribution: existing sterile-neutrino transport codes implement Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller production and do not include the post-QCD charged-pion source term with finite-temperature pion mass and decay-constant tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm/Dodelson-Widrow class of solvers) with the paper's pion-decay collision term, packaging chiral-perturbation-theory finite-temperature f_pi(T) and m_pi(T) tables, and output tabulated f_s(q) suitable for a CLASS ncdm phase-space file.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_03681_lmu_ltau_vector_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with a gauged U(1) L_mu-L_tau vector", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.03681", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public phase-space Boltzmann solver computes sterile-neutrino production with L_mu-L_tau vector-modified thermal potentials and muon/tau-flavor scattering rates; existing sterile-neutrino production codes implement only Standard Model interaction rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm solver of Venumadhav et al.) with the paper's flavor-dependent V_T(m_V, g_mu, T) and Gamma(m_V, g_mu, T), solving df_4/dz on a momentum grid to output f_4(x,z) and Omega_4 h^2 over (m4, sin^2 2theta, m_V, g_mu), validated against the paper's relic target curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_08431_sterile_neutrino_portal_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino-portal ultralight scalar dark matter with time-varying neutrino masses", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.08431", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No sterile-neutrino production solver includes the ultralight-scalar-induced time-varying potential g phi(t) in the active-sterile mixing; existing quantum-kinetic codes assume static vacuum mixing plus standard thermal potentials, so Delta N_eff for this model cannot be computed numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-production quantum-kinetic code (LASAGNA or a sterile-dm-style density-matrix solver) with an additional time-dependent diagonal potential term g phi(t) sourced by the coherently oscillating scalar background, and validate against the paper's benchmark Delta N_eff of about 0.01.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_14300_sterile_neutrino_self_interaction_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter via scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14300", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relic-density target itself is not computable with existing public tools: sterile-neutrino production codes implement standard Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller quantum kinetic equations, but none includes the scalar-mediated secret neutrino self-interaction thermal potential and collision terms that set the (m_4, theta, m_phi, lambda) relic target, so the parameter regions quoted by all observables cannot be independently regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino quantum-kinetic solver (e.g. the sterile-dm / LASAGNA class of codes) with the phi-mediated self-energy and scattering kernel, solve for the nu_4 yield and momentum distribution across the keV-MeV mass and keV-GeV mediator range, and release the relic-target scan (the distribution also enables downstream structure-formation checks).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_08095_scalar_driven_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-driven sterile-neutrino dark matter with an ultralight scalar", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08095", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver computes scalar-driven sterile-neutrino production: the coupled evolution of the ultralight scalar background with the momentum-resolved Boltzmann equation for f_N(p,t) under a time-dependent in-medium effective mixing angle exists only as the paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public DW production code (sterile-dm-style) with a classical scalar field module: evolve phi(t) through misalignment, feed the scalar-dependent Majorana mass into the effective mixing, and output f_N(p) plus the present-day sin^2(2 theta_eff), validated against the paper's benchmark table (y ~ 1e-18) and the 92 keV DW comparison limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_16532_one_to_one_mixed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "One-to-one resonantly produced mixed sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16532", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public sterile-neutrino production solver implements the paper's one-to-one scenario: resonant Shi-Fuller transformation of a single active flavor with three independent initial lepton numbers (L_e, L_mu, L_tau) producing the full nonthermal spectrum f_s(q); existing public codes cover restricted flavor/asymmetry configurations.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public sterile-dm code (Venumadhav et al.) to general flavor-dependent lepton asymmetries and one-to-one channel selection, outputting f_s(q) tables directly consumable by CLASS, validated against the paper's spectra and Omega_s h^2 grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_16532_three_to_one_mixed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-to-one resonantly produced mixed sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16532", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver computes the resonant Shi-Fuller production spectrum for the three-to-one case in which all three active flavors transform simultaneously into one sterile state with flavor-dependent lepton numbers; existing public codes handle single-flavor resonant production only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public single-flavor resonant production code (e.g. sterile-dm) to evolve three active-sterile channels with independent lepton numbers L_e, L_mu, L_tau, including the full 4x4 mixing treatment flagged as future work, and release the resulting f_s(q) spectra on the (m_s, sin^2 2theta, L_alpha) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0101524_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0101524", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public quantum-kinetic solver covers resonant active-sterile conversion with flavor-dependent lepton asymmetries, finite-temperature potentials, and damping across the full mass-mixing-asymmetry space; existing codes (sterile-dm-type) use simplified single-flavor or averaged-asymmetry treatments, as flagged by the card's common-active-asymmetry assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-dm/LASAGNA-style quantum kinetic code to track per-flavor lepton asymmetries with modern finite-temperature potentials and damping rates, validated against the paper's cooler-than-NRP spectra and relic contours in (m_s, sin^2(2theta), L).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_02640_pseudo_goldstone_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Goldstone-mediated sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.02640", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann solver computes the N1 relic abundance from rho-mediated N_i N_i -> N_1 N_1 scattering and late rho/N_{2,3} decays across the paper's heavy, intermediate, and light pseudo-Goldstone regimes; existing sterile-neutrino production codes implement Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller oscillation production and do not cover this hidden-sector mechanism.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a coupled Boltzmann code for the N1, N2/3, and rho number densities (and momentum distributions) with the tree-level rho-mediated collision terms, parameterized by (m_phi, f, M_Ni), spanning all three regimes identified in the paper; validate against analytic freeze-in/decay limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_10043_sterile_neutrino_portal_fimp_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino portal FIMP fermion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.10043", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level recast exists for the displaced-vertex reach of a sterile neutrino with m_N < m_W whose branching includes the invisible N -> chi phi mode, nor a combined Higgs-invisible recast for this spectrum; the card notes detector acceptance and production modeling were not reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in a MadGraph5 UFO, generate sterile-neutrino production with the modified branching ratios, and recast against existing displaced-vertex HNL analyses (ATLAS/CMS long-lived-particle searches and MATHUSLA/FASER projections), adding the Higgs invisible width as an analytic constraint on lambda_Hphi.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0804_4543_numsm_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "nuMSM lepton-asymmetry resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0804.4543", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver reproduces the paper's resonant (Shi-Fuller) sterile-neutrino production with quantum-field-theoretic finite-temperature rates in a lepton-asymmetric plasma, including asymmetry depletion, QCD-crossover rates, and general flavour patterns of the nuMSM asymmetry; the private numerical integration also assumes equal active asymmetries and below-equilibrium density.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the production code as a public module (extending existing resonant sterile-neutrino production solvers such as sterile-dm-class codes with the QFT rates and flavoured lepton asymmetries), with back-reaction included and output f(p) tabulated in the format CLASS/CAMB ncdm input expects.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_01341_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_thermal_effects_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-effects freeze-in sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01341", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public momentum-dependent Boltzmann code computes freeze-in production of keV sterile neutrinos from HNL, Higgs, and weak-boson decays with the paper's thermal self-energy corrections; existing sterile-neutrino tools implement oscillation (Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller) production only, and the paper itself used a coarse integration with the full scan left to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's finite-temperature production rates Gamma_s(T,p) in a momentum-grid freeze-in solver (extending a framework like sterile-dm or a ULYSSES-style density-matrix code) to output f_DM and the full distribution function over the seesaw parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9806400_so10_extra_generation_hot_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) extra-generation hot dark matter neutrino model", "family": "so10_extra_generation_hot_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9806400", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Evaluating the BBN/N_eff caveat (bbn_sterile_neutrino_caveat, likelihood_available unknown) requires solving quantum kinetic equations for active-sterile thermalization with sin^2 2theta_s about 0.82 and a possible primordial lepton asymmetry of order 1e-5, and no such solver is identified on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply an existing sterile-neutrino quantum-kinetic solver (LASAGNA-type momentum-averaged or full-momentum code) to this model's mixing parameters with and without the lepton-asymmetry loophole, outputting Delta N_eff for the BBN codes and the cosmology likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_0992_relativistically_decoupled_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Relativistically decoupled warm dark matter with arbitrary distribution function", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.0992", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's semi-analytic transfer-function formalism for arbitrary relativistically decoupled distributions exists only as formulae with a numerical recipe; there is no released code, and a CLASS-based ncdm computation resolving the high-k acoustic oscillations has not been validated against it.", "proposed_resolution": "Package the paper's transfer-function recipe as a small public code and cross-validate against CLASS runs using tabulated ncdm distribution functions with boosted precision (high l_max_ncdm and momentum-grid resolution) for Dodelson-Widrow and boson-decay example spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05369_dw_modified_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with Dodelson-Widrow modification of a non-trivial initial abundance", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05369", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical implementation of the DW Boltzmann solution acting on an arbitrary pre-existing sterile-neutrino distribution f_ini(p): existing sterile-neutrino production codes solve pure DW (f_ini=0) and do not output the combined damped-plus-DW spectrum, nor pipe it into a Boltzmann code as a tabulated non-cold-DM distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public DW production code (sterile-dm-type solver with standard-model active-neutrino opacities) to accept a user-supplied f_ini(p) (e.g. a scalar-decay spectrum), integrate the gain/loss terms of the paper's formal solution, and emit the final f_N(p) as a CLASS ncdm psd table.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_09907_scalar_secret_neutrino_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated secret-neutrino sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.09907", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public quantum-kinetic (Boltzmann) solver computes keV sterile-neutrino production including scalar-mediated active-neutrino self-interactions, i.e. the modified thermal potential V_T, the enhanced interaction rate, on-shell phi-mediated production in the light-mediator regime, and the resulting momentum distribution f_nu_s(x,z); existing Dodelson-Widrow codes (e.g. sterile-dm, LASAGNA-type solvers) do not include the secret-interaction sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Dodelson-Widrow-style quantum-kinetic solver (e.g. the sterile-dm code of Venumadhav et al. or a LASAGNA-type density-matrix solver) with the phi-mediated self-interaction collision terms, the phi thermal potential, and phi thermalization/decay in the light-mediator regime, outputting f_nu_s(x,z), Omega_s h^2, and Delta N_eff over the (m_4, sin^2 2theta, m_phi, lambda_phi) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1306_3996_frozen_in_scalar_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Frozen-in scalar decay production of keV sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1306.3996", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the frozen-in scalar yield Y_phi(T) and the resulting decay-produced sterile-neutrino momentum distribution f_N1(p) with full decay kinematics and evolving g*; both steps currently rely on the source papers' private coupled Boltzmann code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs' freeze-in module (which already gives the scalar production rate through the Higgs portal) with a momentum-level decay-injection solver, or implement the coupled f_phi/f_N1 Boltzmann equations in a public code in the style of sterile-dm/DRAKE, outputting a CLASS-ready ncdm distribution table and validated against the paper's abundance bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_15565_scalar_self_interacting_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated self-interacting sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15565", "score": 24.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the sterile phase-space distribution f_s(p) and relic abundance for Dodelson-Widrow production modified by scalar-mediated sterile self-interactions (including resonant mediator and number-changing regimes); the primary paper's solver is private and public codes handle only the canonical non-interacting case.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. sterile-dm) with the phi-mediated nu_s nu_s collision terms and number-changing processes over the keV-GeV mediator scan, releasing f_s(p) and Omega_s h^2 as functions of (m_s, theta, y, m_phi), validated against the paper's production-regime benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_2699_asymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric higgsino dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.2699", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical solver exists for the higgsino-antihiggsino density-matrix evolution through the low-temperature electroweak transition (oscillations driven by the m0 splitting, thermal damping, WW/ZZ annihilation, and expansion); the paper's analytic estimates cannot deliver the surviving asymmetric and regenerated symmetric densities that both detection observables depend on.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the quantum kinetic (density-matrix) equations for oscillating asymmetric dark matter — following the formalism of the oscillating-ADM literature — as a dedicated ODE solver over (mu, m0, T_EWPT, Y_h), outputting the symmetric fraction versus time and validating against the paper's analytic limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_shi_fuller_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Shi-Fuller resonant sterile-neutrino WDM spectrum model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The route lacks an integrated calculator for the resonant (lepton-asymmetry-driven) Shi-Fuller momentum distribution; the card carries only an approximate analytic mapping, while precision recasts need the strongly non-thermal quantum-kinetic spectrum as a function of mass and asymmetry.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple an existing public resonant-production quantum-kinetic solver (sterile-dm-class code) to the pipeline so it tabulates f(q) over the (m_SF, lepton asymmetry) grid and feeds the CLASS/CAMB ncdm module directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_05214_kev_sterile_neutrino_secret_scalar_qi_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino dark matter with light-scalar neutrino self-interaction after quintessential inflation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05214", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes keV sterile-neutrino production via active-sterile oscillations with a light-scalar-mediated active-neutrino self-interaction (scalar thermal potential plus on-shell exchange collision terms), so f_N1(p) and Omega_N1 cannot be reproduced or scanned outside the paper's private calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the Venumadhav et al. sterile-dm framework or a LASAGNA-style density-matrix solver) with the scalar-mediated interaction rate, its finite-temperature potential, and the on-shell phi-exchange term, validated against the paper's 50 keV benchmark relic abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412304_low_reheating_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheating visible sterile-neutrino hot dark matter subcomponent", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412304", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public quantum-kinetic/Boltzmann solver computes active-sterile oscillation production in a low-reheating cosmology (T_R ~ 5 MeV); existing sterile-neutrino production codes assume a standard high-temperature thermal history, leaving only the paper's approximate f_s(E,T) scaling formula.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino kinetic code (e.g. a sterile-dm or LASAGNA-type solver) to start integration at a specified reheating temperature with matter effects and flavor structure, parameterized by (m_s, sin^2 2theta, T_R, active flavor, lepton asymmetry), and validate against the paper's Omega_s h^2 ~ sin^2 2theta m_s T_R^3 scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1809_10577_lrsm_rh_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric model with keV right-handed-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.10577", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann solver implements thermal N1 production via TeV-scale SU(2)_R gauge interactions followed by N2/N3 entropy dilution; the card relies on approximate Dodelson-Widrow scaling and sudden-decay dilution, which it flags as high extrapolation risk.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm code of Venumadhav et al. or a custom momentum-dependent Boltzmann solver) with W_R/Z_R-mediated scattering rates and a coupled diluter-decay sector to track the N1 abundance and spectrum through entropy release.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0204293_qcd_transition_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-transition sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0204293", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No production solver covers this model's defining regime: contemporaneous sterile-neutrino production, dilution, and plasma evolution through the QCD transition with variable transition order and T_crit (100-200 MeV) and nonzero lepton number; existing public codes assume a fixed lattice-QCD equation of state.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. sterile-dm) to accept alternative finite-temperature QCD equations of state, including a first-order-transition branch with entropy dilution, parameterized by T_crit and transition order, and output f_s(p) plus Omega_s h^2 on a (m_s, sin^2(2theta), L) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_11045_axion_assisted_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-assisted resonance sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.11045", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public sterile-neutrino production code includes the axion-assisted temperature-dependent matter potential from the singlet vev; existing DW/Shi-Fuller solvers must be modified to compute the momentum-dependent distribution f_s(p,T) and Omega_s h^2 through the engineered resonance.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public momentum-dependent sterile-neutrino production solver (e.g. the sterile-dm code of Venumadhav et al. or a DW-style quasi-classical Boltzmann integrator) to accept a user-supplied V_eff(T) built from (g_a, m_a, <phi>(T)), validated by recovering the paper's benchmark of lower mixing than DW at fixed relic abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_13878_dark_population_transfer_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark population transfer sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.13878", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evolves the coupled system of scattering-induced-decoherence production of N1, internal dark-sector thermalization via scalar-mediated self-interactions (G_phi), and the number-changing N1 -> 3 N2 population transfer down to the final T_DS and N2 relic abundance; the paper's numerical evolution was not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's reduced T_DS evolution plus 2-to-2, 1-to-3 (and optional 2-to-4) rate network as an open-source module — e.g. building on a public sterile-neutrino production framework (LASAGNA/sterile-dm-style kinetics) extended with the dark-sector collision terms — and validate by reproducing the primary parameter-region boundaries including the m_N1 > 3 m_N2 threshold.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_0954_resonant_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced 7 keV sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.0954", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable public solver is identified for resonant (Shi-Fuller) sterile-neutrino production in a lepton-asymmetric plasma: the momentum-dependent f(p/T) and Omega_s h^2, including quark-hadron-transition sensitivity for L_4 ~ 4.6-10, come only from the paper's approximate internal calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt or extend a public resonant-production Boltzmann/QKE solver (sterile-dm-class code) covering m_s, sin^2(2 theta), L_4 with switchable quark-hadron equation-of-state treatments, validated against the paper's L_4 = 7 distribution and abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1506_06752_resonant_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced 7.1 keV sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1506.06752", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the paper's improved resonant-production rate equations (finite-temperature spectral functions, plasma charge neutrality, hadronic susceptibilities) exists, so the non-equilibrium spectrum f_N(k) and required lepton asymmetry cannot be reproduced without re-deriving the solver.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public resonant sterile-neutrino production code of the sterile-dm type with the paper's improved rate coefficients and hadronic-plasma inputs, validating against the published lepton-asymmetry-versus-abundance results for the 7.1 keV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1903_08296_self_interacting_sterile_neutrino_heavy_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting sterile-neutrino dark matter with heavy scalar mediator", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.08296", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver covers active-to-sterile conversion with sterile-sector self-interactions through a heavy mediator, including the in-medium self-interaction potential, the resonance criterion, and the runaway production phase; the calculation exists only as the authors' private numerical solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm/LASAGNA family of momentum-resolved quantum-kinetic solvers) with a G_phi-parameterized sterile self-energy term and heavy-mediator contact self-scattering collision integrals, validating against the paper's runaway threshold theta_c and overproduction results.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_05029_effective_right_handed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Effective right-handed sterile-neutrino dark matter with SM gauge interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.05029", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculator exists for the relic abundance of these keV right-handed sterile neutrinos: the thermal freeze-out estimate overproduces, and the required entropy-dilution or matter-dominated/kination history is not solved, so Omega_N h^2 and the diluted momentum distribution (needed for warm-DM free-streaming bounds) cannot be computed for a given (m_N, G_R).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm/DarkHistory-style Boltzmann treatments) with G_R-mediated decoupling plus a parameterized dilution sector (diluter mass/lifetime or kination onset), outputting Omega_N h^2 and f(p) after dilution for structure-formation recasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_scalar_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with scalar-mediated neutrino NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/quantum-kinetic solver computes sterile-neutrino production including complex-scalar-mediator-induced neutrino interaction rates and thermal potentials together with parameterized nonstandard pre-BBN expansion histories H(T); the paper's solver is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm quantum-kinetic solver) to add scalar-mediator collision rates and finite-temperature potentials (m_phi, lambda_phi) and a user-supplied H(T), outputting Omega_s and f_s(p) on the paper's 10 GeV to 0.1 MeV integration range; validate against the paper's over/underproduction boundaries.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph9702125_three_level_neutrino_laser_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-level neutrino-laser majoron dark matter", "family": "mixed_cold_hot_bosonic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9702125", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public Boltzmann code solves the coupled three-level neutrino decay kinetics with quantum-statistical stimulated-emission terms needed to compute the boson occupation number and the cold/hot fractions; the paper's own numerical solution is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement momentum-binned quantum kinetic equations for f_nu_tau, f_nu_mu, f_nu_e, and f_phi including 1+f Bose-enhancement factors and inverse decays, extending an existing public neutrino kinetic solver (LASAGNA/FortEPiaNO-class framework), validated against the paper's factor-three electron-neutrino enhancement and its insufficient cold-boson fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0807_0646_scalar_decay_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-decay sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.0646", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the singlet-scalar-decay production calculation exists: the quantum kinetic equation yielding the low-momentum-enhanced f_0(y) is available only through the primary paper, under a simplified scalar thermal history and small-Yukawa assumption, so scanning (m, M, <S>, Y, T_dec) is not currently possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-decay kinetic equation as a public module (or add a scalar-decay production channel to an existing sterile-neutrino production solver), tracking the scalar's thermal history rather than assuming equilibrium, and output tabulated f(p) in CLASS/CAMB ncdm format validated against the primary paper's f_0(y), lambda_fs = 488 kpc, and k_fs = 0.013/kpc benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1505_00513_leptoquark_right_handed_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptoquark-assisted right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.00513", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No coupled Boltzmann/kinetic-equation solver includes leptoquark-mediated production of right-handed neutrinos alongside oscillation-generated lepton asymmetry and thermal corrections, so the N1 relic density, momentum distribution, and baryon asymmetry cannot be computed; the primary paper defers exactly this calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public nuMSM-style sterile-neutrino kinetic code (e.g. the resonant-production solvers of the sterile-dm / Ghiglieri-Laine type) with leptoquark scattering collision terms and reheating-temperature dependence, evolving N1 abundance, lepton asymmetry, and the full N1 momentum distribution together; feed the resulting distribution to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic for the structure-suppression prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_bminusl_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with B-L vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/quantum-kinetic solver computes sterile-neutrino production including B-L-vector-mediator-induced neutrino interaction rates and thermal potentials together with parameterized nonstandard pre-BBN expansion histories H(T); the paper's solver is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm quantum-kinetic solver) to add mediator-induced collision rates and finite-temperature potentials for a gauged B-L vector and a user-supplied H(T), outputting Omega_s and f_s(p) on the paper's 10 GeV to 0.1 MeV integration range; validate against the paper's over/underproduction boundaries.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_neutrinophilic_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with neutrinophilic vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/quantum-kinetic solver computes sterile-neutrino production including neutrinophilic U(1)_np vector-mediator-induced neutrino interaction rates and thermal potentials together with parameterized nonstandard pre-BBN expansion histories H(T); the paper's solver is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the sterile-dm quantum-kinetic solver) to add neutrinophilic-vector collision rates and finite-temperature potentials and a user-supplied H(T), outputting Omega_s and f_s(p) on the paper's 10 GeV to 0.1 MeV integration range; validate against the paper's over/underproduction boundaries.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13376_qcd_domain_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from matter-antimatter separation at the QCD phase transition", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13376", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No sterile-neutrino production integrator handles active-to-sterile conversion in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma with domain-crossing resonances; public resonant-production codes (sterile-dm class solvers for homogeneous Shi-Fuller production) cannot represent per-crossing conversion probabilities in matter-antimatter domains.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a homogeneous resonant sterile-neutrino production code with a domain-ensemble layer: sample neutrino trajectories through domains with the simulated size distribution, apply Landau-Zener crossing probabilities per resonance, and integrate to Omega_N and f_N(p) over the transition duration.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0504096_bulk_shortcut_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Bulk-shortcut sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0504096", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantum kinetic solver includes the brane-shortcut effective potential: existing sterile-neutrino production codes (Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller-type solvers such as sterile-dm or LASAGNA) implement standard matter potentials only, so the sterile abundance and nonthermal momentum distribution f(p) cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino quantum-kinetic code (e.g., a sterile-dm or LASAGNA-class solver) with the shortcut term E_res(T) in the effective Hamiltonian and active-neutrino repopulation, outputting Omega_s h^2 and f(p) over the (m_s, theta, epsilon) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_05868_neutrino_self_interaction_sterile_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino self-interaction assisted sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05868", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the sterile-neutrino phase-space distribution f_nu4(E,T) for freeze-in production via active-sterile oscillations with self-interactions enhanced by the neutrinophilic scalar: the card gives only an integral form for the distribution, and without a solver for the in-medium mixing and interaction-rate history the Boltzmann step s1 has no model-specific input.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Dodelson-Widrow quantum-kinetic production code (e.g., a sterile-dm-style solver) with the scalar-mediated neutrino self-interaction rate and in-medium potential, output tabulated f(p) suitable for the CLASS ncdm module, and validate against the related analysis's 37 keV bound setup.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_2727_light_vector_decay_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "sterile-neutrino dark matter from light vector boson decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.2727", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public numerical solver exists for sterile-neutrino production from MeV-GeV vector-boson decay followed by active-sterile oscillation, including in-medium thermal corrections and possible resonance; the calculation lives only in the paper's private code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the source's vector-decay production Boltzmann equations as a public module, e.g. by extending an existing sterile-neutrino production code (sterile-dm/LASAGNA-style momentum-dependent quantum kinetic solver) with the Z-prime decay source term and L_mu-L_tau thermal potentials, outputting f(q) and Omega_s h^2 over the (M_Zprime, g_prime, m_s, theta) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1709_00415_iss23_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "ISS(2,3) sterile-neutrino dark matter from small lepton-number violation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.00415", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public sterile-neutrino production solver is linked to the card for computing the Dodelson-Widrow relic abundance of the ISS(2,3) mostly sterile state, including the sterile-sector hierarchy and optional late entropy dilution; the card records only the analytic abundance scaling with no numerical Boltzmann solve rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing public sterile-neutrino quantum-kinetic production code (the sterile-dm/DW-production class of solvers) to the ISS(2,3) mixing structure, adding an optional entropy-dilution factor, and expose Omega h^2(m_DM, sin^2 2theta, hierarchy) as a registry module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 22, "rank_structure_formation": 11}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Collider / beam-dump recast", "n_gaps": 73, "n_models": 73, "weight": 1679.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 6, "weight_structure_formation": 176.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 39, "degrades_precision": 21, "minor": 13}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 64, "large": 6, "small": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "2201_08409_inelastic_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic Dirac Dark Matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.08409", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast pipeline implements chi_2 displaced-decay and scattering acceptances (detector geometry, visible-energy thresholds, lifetime dependence) for fixed-target, beam-dump, and flavor-factory experiments in the i2DM parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement i2DM in a public dark-sector sensitivity framework (e.g. a SensCalc- or FORESEE-style geometry/acceptance code driven by the i2DM FeynRules model), encoding LSND, MiniBooNE, Belle II, ICARUS/SBN, LDMX, and SeaQuest geometries and cuts, and validate against the paper's exclusion curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_03481_twin_bino_like_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Twin bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "twin_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03481", "score": 37.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline exists for the model's LHC signatures in the displaced-vertex regime, where small visible-twin neutralino mixing gives macroscopic stau/higgsino decay lengths outside the coverage of standard prompt electroweakino recasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate events in MadGraph with the mixing-controlled lifetimes and recast against ATLAS/CMS displaced-vertex and long-lived-particle searches using the LLP modules of MadAnalysis or CheckMATE, mapping exclusions onto the (mu, m_stau, mixing) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_5466_r_invariant_gauge_mediation_gravitino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "R-invariant gauge-mediated gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.5466", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern LHC recast exists for the R-invariant gauge-mediation spectrum with a gluino lighter than the wino (300 GeV to 1 TeV benchmarks); the 2010-era collider discussion has not been mapped onto current gluino search results.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the messenger-scale spectrum with a SUSY spectrum calculator, then recast current ATLAS/CMS gluino simplified-model searches using SModelS or CheckMATE for the model's decay topologies, including the light-gravitino LSP final state.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_13555_symmetry_restored_2hdm_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Symmetry-restored 2HDM plus 7.1 keV sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.13555", "score": 36, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The joint flavor/collider scan of the mass-powered texture (R_K, R_D, B_s mixing, muon g-2, charged-Higgs searches) has no implementation: existing 2HDM flavor tools do not contain this Yukawa ansatz, so the correlated constraints that define the model's viable region cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the mass-powered Yukawa matrices as a general-2HDM parameter point generator and drive existing tools (flavio or SuperIso for flavor observables, HiggsBounds/HiggsTools for scalar searches), scanning texture exponents n_q, n_l and scalar masses with current data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_0285_nonthermal_higgsino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "nonthermal pure higgsino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_higgsino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.0285", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast is implemented for the nearly degenerate higgsino-chargino system in this B-L scenario: charged-track and monojet signatures require a dedicated compressed-spectrum/long-lived-particle recast, and the card provides only qualitative prospects with no tool_or_code or exclusion contour.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the higgsino simplified-model point grid in an LHC recast framework such as CheckMATE or SModelS, including disappearing-track and monojet plus missing-energy analyses, and produce exclusion contours in (m_higgsino, Delta m_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1203_0285_nonthermal_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "nonthermal pure wino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.0285", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast is implemented for the nearly degenerate wino-chargino system in this B-L scenario: charged-track and monojet signatures require a dedicated compressed-spectrum/long-lived-particle recast, and the card provides only qualitative prospects with no tool_or_code or exclusion contour.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the wino simplified-model point grid in an LHC recast framework such as CheckMATE or SModelS, including disappearing-track and monojet plus missing-energy analyses, and produce exclusion contours in (m_wino, Delta m_chi).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_10160_vector_mediated_light_gravitino_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated low-energy SUSY with light gravitino dark matter component", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.10160", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for the vector-mediated spectrum: minimal gauge-mediation exclusions cannot be applied directly (per the card's stated assumption), and the model's GMSB-like decay chains to a light gravitino have not been confronted with LHC direct-search results.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the gap_1 spectrum-generator output (SLHA files with gravitino-LSP decay chains) into SModelS and CheckMATE to recast existing LHC GMSB searches over the (F, messenger scale, charge) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_0265_mlrsm_kev_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal left-right symmetric keV right-handed neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.0265", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged pipeline exists that maps the MLRSM parameters (v_R, M_W_R, M2, M3, theta, Y_Delta_ee) to the 0nubb amplitude with propagated nuclear-matrix-element uncertainties and to LHC dilepton/heavy-neutrino exclusions; both recasts are currently done point-by-point in the literature.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module combining published MLRSM 0nubb master formulas with tabulated NME sets (propagating their spread as a nuisance) and the ATLAS/CMS W_R->lN dilepton limits, exposing a joint likelihood over the card's input parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_02207_vector_simp_sux2_u1_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector SIMP dark matter in SU_X(2) x U(1)_Z' gauge model", "family": "vector_simp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.02207", "score": 31.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The beam-dump and LDMX signal chain (production cross sections, detector geometry, scattering) for this vector dark matter model exists only as the authors' private modified-BdNMC Monte Carlo; the public BdNMC release does not cover complex-vector DM in this gauge sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend public BdNMC (or an equivalent fixed-target MC) with the X/X_3/Z' production and scattering channels of the SU_X(2) x U(1)_Z' model and package the LDMX 8 GeV missing-momentum projection as a reusable sensitivity module, validated against the paper's y-vs-m_X reach plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_12485_scalar_singlet_vectorlike_quark_uv_completion_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar singlet dark matter with vector-like quark UV completion", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.12485", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast capability exists for the Z2-odd vector-like quarks Q and D decaying to a SM quark plus invisible phi: standard vector-like quark searches assume decays to W/Z/h + quark, so the model's jets-plus-missing-energy topology has never been mapped to LHC limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a FeynRules/UFO implementation of the Z2-odd VLQ model and recast ATLAS/CMS squark-like jets + MET searches with MadGraph plus CheckMATE or MadAnalysis to set limits in the (m_Q, m_D, m_phi, Yukawa) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_02018_very_supersymmetric_codecaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Very supersymmetric co-decaying dark sector", "family": "co_decaying_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.02018", "score": 29, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The correlated double-displaced-vertex collider signature (superpartner decay into the hidden sector followed by hidden-scalar decay back to the SM) has no implemented detector-acceptance recast; the card lists LLP detector acceptance tools as required but unimplemented for this topology.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the MSSM+Phi model in FeynRules/MadGraph, generate colored-superpartner cascades with the epsilon-controlled hidden decays, and recast ATLAS/CMS displaced-vertex plus MATHUSLA/CODEX-b acceptances with an LLP recasting framework to map the (epsilon, c tau_phi) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_14103_leptophilic_zprime_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic flavor-violating Zprime portal Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.14103", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged, reusable recast chain exists for the flavor-violating leptophilic Zprime collider and cLFV/LFUV constraints: the paper's benchmark rates and coupling exclusions are computed ad hoc, and standard recast frameworks do not cover off-diagonal leptonic Zprime final states at lepton colliders or muTRISTAN-style machines.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a MadGraph/CalcHEP-based recast module from the published FeynRules model that maps (m_Zprime, g_L, g_R, g_chi) to cLFV branching ratios, LFUV observables, and LHC/lepton-collider cross sections, and package the existing charged-lepton constraints (e.g. via flavio/smelli-style likelihoods) as a coupling-space likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03398_dark_antiproton_dark_pion_adm_v1", "model_name": "Dark anti-proton and dark pion asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03398", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific collider implementation exists for the exotic Higgs decays into the dark sector: the exotic-Higgs branching-ratio formula was not extracted and no event-level model (needed to confront LHC and future e+e- Higgs-factory searches) is available, leaving the highlighted Higgs-factory signal unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the h to dark-sector branching ratios from the |H prime|^2|H|^2 portal and kinetic mixing, implement the dark Higgs plus dark photon sector in FeynRules/MadGraph, and recast current LHC exotic-Higgs-decay searches plus projected e+e- Higgs-factory sensitivities into the (epsilon, m_Aprime, dark-Higgs parameter) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10225_iss_nmssm_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "ISS-NMSSM right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10225", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Monte Carlo recast of ATLAS/CMS dilepton-plus-MET electroweakino searches exists for the ISS-NMSSM decay pattern (chargino to lepton plus sneutrino, neutralino invisible), so the collider constraint is qualitative and the obs_lhc_dilepton_met observable cannot be turned into exclusion contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate electroweakino production with MadGraph+Pythia using the SARAH UFO model and recast the 13 TeV 2l+MET analyses with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 recast cards, scanning (m_chargino, m_snu1) over the accepted DM/g-2 points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_11944_charged_meson_vector_portal_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charged-meson vector-portal inelastic dark matter benchmark", "family": "vector_portal_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11944", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public end-to-end beam simulation covers charged-pion and charged-kaon three-body decays to a dark photon: the paper's MG5_aMC decay sampling and the MiniBooNE charged-meson flux parameterizations it feeds on are not released, so the dark-matter flux at the detector cannot be recomputed for new parameter points or facilities.", "proposed_resolution": "Release the MG5_aMC model implementation of the pi/K three-body decays together with the focused charged-meson flux parameterization, or extend an existing public beam-dump dark-sector generator (BdNMC-style) to include charged-meson three-body production with the longitudinal-mode enhancement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_05180_elko_electromagnetic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Electromagnetically interacting Elko dark matter", "family": "elko_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.05180", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public collider-simulation implementation of the mass-dimension-one Elko electromagnetic tensor coupling exists: the FeynRules model and the modified DHELAS routines needed for Elko spinor kinematics were private to the primary authors, so the 8 TeV monophoton recast cannot be reproduced or updated to 13 TeV data.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the Elko free Lagrangian and g_e lambda_bar [gamma^mu,gamma^nu] lambda F_mu_nu operator as a public FeynRules/UFO model with custom HELAS-style helicity routines for mass-dimension-one spinors, validate against the published 8 TeV exclusion, then recast current 13 TeV ATLAS/CMS monophoton searches with MadAnalysis or CheckMATE.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12278_dark_charge_z6_two_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-charge Z6 two-fermion dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.12278", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The beam-dump, neutrino-electron scattering, stellar-cooling, and SN1987A bounds on the light Z prime have not been recast for the model's hyperdark charge assignment (1/3 + 2n), so con_z6_light_zprime_low_energy cannot be applied quantitatively and the OCR-degraded bound numbers in the card cannot be checked.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DarkCast with the U(1)_N charge vector including the hyperdark charge parameter n to map existing dark-photon and light-mediator limits into the (g_N, m_Zprime, n) space, and overlay the stellar-cooling and SN1987A bounds from the light-vector literature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2201_09203_bl_fimp_fermion_scalar_nlop_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L fermion FIMP with scalar NLOP decay", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.09203", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented collider recast maps lambda_SD and the heavy-Higgs spectrum into HL-LHC VBF invisible-H2 sensitivity for this model; the paper's benchmark reach cannot currently be reproduced or extended to other masses and mixings.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the extended Higgs sector in MadGraph via the same FeynRules model and recast ATLAS/CMS VBF+missing-energy heavy-scalar searches (e.g. through CheckMATE or MadAnalysis recast databases), producing sensitivity curves in (M_H2, sin_alpha, lambda_SD) validated against the paper's reach plots.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01379_alternative_su3_4_leptonic_color_v1", "model_name": "Alternative [SU(3)]^4 leptonic-color dark matter model", "family": "leptonic_color_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01379", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No hemionia spectroscopy or production tool exists: the flagship future e+e- collider observable relies on SU(2)_l-confined bound states of half-integer-charged hemions (Lambda_l ~ 0.4 MeV, m_x ~ 100 GeV), but there is no code to compute their spectrum, wavefunctions, production cross sections, or decay signatures.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a quarkonium-style potential model (Coulombic SU(2)_l potential with alpha_l(M_Z)=0.065 plus confinement at Lambda_l) for hemionium bound states, derive e+e- production cross sections of the vector states, and package it as a spectroscopy/rate calculator that can feed future-collider sensitivity studies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_04196_qyu_422_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quasi-Yukawa-unified 4-2-2 neutralino dark matter with non-universal gaugino masses", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.04196", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider/flavor viability step relies on 2015-era LHC cuts (m_h window, m_gluino >= 1 TeV, rare-B intervals); no current LHC recast of the 4-2-2 QYU spectra (gluino ~4.2 TeV, stop ~2 TeV, compressed coannihilation regions) has been set up, so modern collider exclusion of benchmark points cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current ATLAS/CMS SUSY searches on the QYU benchmark spectra using SModelS or CheckMATE fed by the ISAJET/SoftSusy SLHA output, and update the flavor cuts with current HFLAV values via SuperIso.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12278_dark_charge_z4_two_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-charge Z4 two-scalar dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.12278", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The beam-dump, neutrino-electron scattering, stellar-cooling, and SN1987A bounds on the light Z prime have not been recast for this model's specific U(1)_N charge assignments, so the shared-portal constraint con_z4_light_zprime_bounds cannot be applied quantitatively (likelihood_available: unknown, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the DarkCast recasting framework with the U(1)_N charge vector of this model to translate existing dark-photon beam-dump and low-energy limits into the (g_N, m_Zprime) plane, and add the stellar-cooling/SN1987A bounds from the light-mediator literature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1211_0503_anapole_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Anapole dark matter", "family": "electromagnetic_form_factor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.0503", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider implementation of the dimension-six anapole operator exists: there is no event-generator model file or mono-X recast, and the low EFT cutoff (2.2-340 GeV for g=1) requires explicit validity handling, so the collider observable cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO implementation of the anapole operator, generate mono-photon and mono-jet missing-energy samples in MadGraph, and recast current LHC/LEP mono-X searches with per-event EFT-validity cuts that disable the limit when the momentum transfer exceeds Lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_0555_mini_split_neutralino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mini-Split supersymmetry with neutralino LSP dark matter", "family": "split_supersymmetry_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0555", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No validated public recast pipeline maps Mini-Split electroweakino spectra onto current LHC disappearing-track and soft-pion searches; existing recast frameworks carry only partial long-lived-particle efficiency maps, so paper-era collider bounds cannot be updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement current ATLAS/CMS disappearing-track efficiency maps in a public recast tool (CheckMATE or SModelS LLP module), drive it with MadGraph/Pythia wino Drell-Yan production, and validate against anomaly-mediated wino benchmark exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1406_4601_majoronic_dark_radiation_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majoronic dark radiation with residual-dark-parity scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.4601", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The predicted displaced-vertex Higgs decays (four-muon and two-muon plus missing energy through the long-lived sub-GeV scalar) lack lifetime and detector modeling; no recast exists mapping the scalar mass-mixing plane onto LHC displaced-vertex search results.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the light-scalar lifetime from its Higgs mixing, simulate h -> ss -> displaced dimuon events with MadGraph/Pythia, and recast against published LHCb and ATLAS/CMS displaced-vertex and exotic-Higgs-decay searches over the (M_S, mixing angle) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_10135_colored_mediator_freezein_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Colored t-channel mediator freeze-in plus superWIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.10135", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented collider recast pipeline for the long-lived colored mediator: R-hadron and displaced-top limits are taken from published stop/R-hadron recasts with no detector simulation run and no likelihood available for this model's lifetime-mass plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in an LLP recast framework such as SModelS (LLP module) or MadAnalysis5/CheckMATE with lifetime reweighting, validating against the published 1250 GeV detector-stable R-hadron limit and adding displaced-top signal regions for intermediate lifetimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_09610_dfsz_axion_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axion model with electroweak-scale scalar sector", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09610", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No DFSZ-specific collider recast exists: the extra-Higgs exclusions quoted in the card are borrowed MSSM/2HDM limits, and the model's charged, CP-even, and CP-odd scalar production and decay rates with the PQ singlet admixture have not been implemented in a recast chain.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the DFSZ scalar spectrum and Yukawa pattern (2HDM Type-II-like with PQ-singlet mixing) as effective-coupling input to HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (HiggsTools), and validate against the paper's benchmark m_H+ and m_A regions before scanning.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0512172_negative_m0_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Negative-m0-squared mSUGRA gravitino superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0512172", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast pipeline exists for the metastable charged-slepton collider signature: converting NLSP mass, lifetime (seconds to months), and production cross sections into detector-level highly-ionizing-track and time-of-flight yields requires HSCP efficiency modeling not packaged in standard recast tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the published ATLAS/CMS heavy-stable-charged-particle search efficiency maps as a recast module (e.g. within CheckMATE or SModelS long-lived-particle results) fed by MadGraph/Pythia slepton production for the model's spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_wdm_2x24_v1", "model_name": "Two-24 type III GMSB gravitino warm dark matter variant", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented collider recast maps the detector-stable stau NLSP benchmarks (tau_stau ~ 10^3-10^4 s) onto modern LHC heavy-stable-charged-particle and stopped-particle searches; the detector_recast step has no tool and no current exclusion is extracted.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the two-24 GMSB spectrum with SOFTSUSY/SPheno, compute stau production cross sections, and recast against ATLAS/CMS HSCP and stopped-particle analyses via SModelS long-lived-particle results or a CheckMATE/MadAnalysis implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1210_2395_spread_susy_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spread Supersymmetry with wino LSP dark matter", "family": "wino_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.2395", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No validated recast maps the spread-SUSY spectrum onto current LHC disappearing-track and displaced-gluino searches; the ~10 cm charged-wino and 0.1 mm-10 cm gluino decay lengths need experiment-specific long-lived-particle efficiency maps not fully available in public frameworks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement ATLAS/CMS disappearing-track and displaced-vertex efficiency maps in a public LLP recast framework (CheckMATE/SModelS), generate spread-SUSY signal samples with MadGraph/Pythia including gluino cascades, and validate against published wino and gluino LLP exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_02713_baryon_violating_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-number-violating Majorana fermion dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.02713", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no model implementation (FeynRules/UFO) of the color-triplet scalars X_alpha with couplings X u^c chi and X* d^c d^c, so LHC monojet/monotop cross sections and existing-search recasts cannot be computed for the (m_X, lambda, lambda_prime) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules, export a UFO to MadGraph for monojet/monotop and pair-production signal generation, and recast the cited LHC missing-momentum searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 to produce exclusion contours in m_X versus couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00814_top_philic_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Top-philic Majorana dark matter with colored t-channel mediator", "family": "top_philic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00814", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast module covers long-lived colored-mediator (R-hadron) signatures with the detector-scale lifetimes arising in the small-coupling conversion-driven region, including the prompt/long-lived boundary.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the ATLAS/CMS R-hadron and heavy-stable-charged-particle search efficiency maps in SModelS-LLP or CheckMATE, with lifetime-dependent signal efficiencies interpolated across c-tau, and validate against the paper's 300 fb^-1 reach estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_07236_su2n_multipartite_fimp_vector_boson_v1", "model_name": "Multipartite SU(2)_N freeze-in vector-boson dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.07236", "score": 23.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider UFO model or LLP recast exists for the long-lived charged and neutral eta states, so the charged-track and displaced-vertex signatures the FIMP realization predicts cannot be simulated or compared to LHC searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO implementation of the SU(2)_N scalar sector, generate eta pair production with MadGraph+Pythia, and recast against existing HSCP and displaced-vertex searches using published efficiency maps in an LLP recasting framework such as MadAnalysis 5 or HackAnalysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_12578_z2_fraternal_twin_tau_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Z2 Fraternal Twin Higgs right-handed twin tau WIMP", "family": "fraternal_twin_higgs_wimp", "arxiv": "2106.12578", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented collider recast exists for the visible Y=2 charged scalar decaying to leptons; the card relies on HL-LHC projection statements from the paper, so current LHC limits and future reach cannot be evaluated per parameter point.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate charged-scalar pair production and leptonic decays in MadGraph from the FeynRules model of gap_1 and recast existing multilepton/slepton-like LHC searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, scanning the lepton-flavor coupling choices that control the branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0908_3399_gravitino_dm_general_neutralino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter with general neutralino NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0908.3399", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No collider recast capability exists for displaced or detector-stable neutralino NLSP decays to gravitinos with composition-dependent visible final states, so cosmologically allowed lifetime windows cannot be translated into LEP/LHC exclusions or prospects.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the long-lived neutralino-to-gravitino signature (displaced photons/Z/h plus missing energy) in an existing long-lived-particle recasting framework with published detector efficiency maps, scanning composition and m_3/2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_04776_flavor_symmetric_vectorlike_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1) flavor symmetric vector-like fermion dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.04776", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast implementation exists for the model's charged and heavy neutral vector-like lepton states: the collider route has no tool, no signal simulation, and no mapping of LHC electroweakino/vector-like-lepton searches onto the (M1, M2, Delta M, theta_d) spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vector-like doublet-singlet spectrum in FeynRules/MadGraph, generate Drell-Yan pair-production samples of the charged and heavy neutral states, and recast current ATLAS/CMS slepton/electroweakino and disappearing-track searches (relevant for the compressed Delta M regime) using CheckMATE or MadAnalysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_08430_complex_scalar_dark_higgs_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light-dark-Higgs complex scalar sub-GeV dark matter", "family": "sub_gev_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.08430", "score": 22.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified BdNMC routines used for dark-Higgs meson production and downstream visible decay in proton beam dumps (LSND, MiniBooNE, SBND, E137-like) are not public, so the long-lived dark-Higgs beam-dump yield cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the public BdNMC event generator with dark-Higgs production via dark bremsstrahlung/meson decays and the loop-induced S -> e+e- displaced decay, reproducing the paper's finding that existing proton beam dumps sit below the thermal target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_08430_pseudo_dirac_dark_higgs_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light-dark-Higgs pseudo-Dirac sub-GeV dark matter", "family": "sub_gev_vector_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.08430", "score": 22.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified BdNMC routines for dark-Higgs production and displaced visible decay in proton beam dumps are private, so the dark-Higgs long-lived-particle handle for the pseudo-Dirac branch cannot be recomputed with public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend public BdNMC with dark-Higgs production channels and the loop-induced S -> e+e- displaced decay, and combine with a reinterpretation of NA64/BaBar/LDMX missing-momentum curves for invisible V -> chi_1 chi_1 (chi_2) decays including the mass splitting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_03390_conformal_u1x_singlet_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant U(1)_X singlet fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.03390", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider route (invisible Higgs, h2 searches, triple-Higgs deviation, A_X production) has no implemented recast: scalar-mixing limits are translated only approximately in the paper and the route is marked planned with 'HiggsBounds-like scalar recast' listed as a required but absent resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-scalar effective couplings (theta^2-scaled h2 production, BR(h1->invisible)) in HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals and add the CMS invisible-Higgs and LHC ZZ resonance likelihoods, reproducing the paper's quoted theta^2 examples as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_00849_stfm_singlet_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "STFM singlet FIMP with triplet next-to-lightest odd particle", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.00849", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recast pipeline covers the long-lived triplet NLOP collider signatures for this model: the disappearing-track exclusion is only quoted from the primary paper, and the MATHUSLA far-detector event yield requires production cross sections and a detector acceptance model not provided with the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the STFM in MadGraph and recast ATLAS/CMS disappearing-track searches (e.g. via SModelS or HackAnalysis efficiency maps) plus a MATHUSLA geometric-acceptance simulation, validating against the quoted 580 GeV charged-triplet exclusion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_00849_stfm_triplet_wimp_nonthermal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "STFM triplet WIMP with singlet-assisted nonthermal freeze-in", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.00849", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public collider recast pipeline exists for the STFM charged-triplet disappearing-track signature; the 580 GeV exclusion is only quoted from the primary paper and cannot be re-evaluated for other parameter points or future luminosities.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement STFM triplet production in MadGraph and recast the ATLAS 136 fb^-1 disappearing-track search using published efficiency maps (e.g. via SModelS or HackAnalysis), validating against the quoted 580 GeV bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05257_gravity_mediated_susy_gut_neutralino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravity-mediated supersymmetric GUT neutralino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05257", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Future 100 TeV collider coverage of the benchmark spectra is asserted only by comparing gluino masses to generic simplified-model reach curves; no detector-level recast exists for the model's actual gluino and electroweakino decay chains, whose Wino/Higgsino details the paper defers.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate the selected benchmark points with MadGraph+Pythia+Delphes at 100 TeV using the ISAJET spectra and decay tables, and validate the reach claim against published FCC-hh sparticle search projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_07759_scalar_extended_accidental_composite_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-extended accidental composite dark matter", "family": "accidental_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.07759", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No model implementation exists to recast collider and precision constraints: charged dark-partner production, leptoquark-like hybrid dark mesons, and LFV/CP amplitudes from dark Yukawa products have never been encoded for any public recasting framework.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO implementation of the low-lying composite spectrum with its SM charges and Yukawa mixings, recast LHC long-lived/charged-particle and leptoquark searches via MadAnalysis or CheckMATE, and encode the LFV/CP amplitudes in a flavor code such as flavio for coupling-product limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0405109_approximate_pq_singlino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Approximate-PQ electroweak supersymmetry with singlino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_singlino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0405109", "score": 21.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The approximate-PQ singlet model (S H1 H2 superpotential with pseudo-Goldstone G and singlino LSP) is not implemented in any public spectrum generator or collider recast chain, so LEP/LHC cascade and exotic-Higgs constraints can only be borrowed qualitatively from related NMSSM studies.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model in SARAH/SPheno (or adapt NMSSMTools to the approximate-PQ coupling limit) to generate spectra and branching ratios, then recast LEP and LHC searches with CheckMATE/SModelS for the extra singlet cascade stage and light-scalar decays.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0808_0770_next_to_minimal_supergravity_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Next-to-minimal supergravity-motivated neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.0770", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented LHC recast covers the NmSuGra collider-reach observable: existing simplified-model recast databases (SModelS/CheckMATE) are MSSM-oriented and only partially cover NMSSM spectra with singlino admixture, and no recast for these benchmarks is identified on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Pass NMSSMTools spectra through SModelS for simplified-model coverage and supplement singlino-enriched cascade topologies with dedicated CheckMATE/MadAnalysis recasts of Run-2 electroweakino and squark/gluino searches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_0287_susy_scalar_n1_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric scalar N1 cogenesis dark matter model", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_cogenesis_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.0287", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider implementation of the X-sector exists: there is no UFO/SLHA model file for the iso-singlet color-triplet X, Xbar states with baryon-number-carrying decays, so LHC colored-particle searches cannot be recast onto (M_X, lambda_i, lambda_prime_ij).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO implementation of the X superfield sector and recast modern LHC colored-particle and dijet-resonance searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5, scanning M_X and the decay topology assumptions flagged in con_colored_mediator_lhc.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_4138_pq_scotogenic_mixed_axion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Peccei-Quinn scotogenic mixed axion-WIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4138", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider model implementation (Lagrangian-level model file plus cross-section/branching grid) exists for the heavy KSVZ quark and the scotogenic Z2-odd colored/scalar sector, so LHC missing-energy searches cannot be recast onto this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO implementation of the KSVZ quark plus Z2-odd sector, generate pair-production and decay events with MadGraph plus Pythia, and reinterpret existing squark-like and leptoquark jets-plus-MET searches with a recast tool such as CheckMATE or MadAnalysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_04227_asymptotically_safe_triplet_minimal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asymptotically safe triplet minimal dark matter", "family": "minimal_electroweak_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.04227", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast implementation of the CMS 13 TeV disappearing-track search with full tracker acceptance exists for the N_F-copy triplet (chargino-like) signature; the primary exclusion M_DM < 620 GeV for N_F > 20 was obtained without rerunning the acceptance.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the CMS disappearing-track analysis in a public recast framework (CheckMATE or HackAnalysis) with the triplet charged-neutral splitting and lifetime, scale production by N_F, and re-derive the exclusion including full-Run-2 luminosity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_07204_su6_so6_composite_pngb_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(6)/SO(6) composite pNGB singlet dark matter with dark top partners", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07204", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-top-partner top-plus-MET constraint relies on SUSY stop-search limits whose production cross sections and branching fractions differ from this model; no model-specific LHC recast has been performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate T pair production and T -> t S decays with MadGraph5 using the gap_1 model files and recast ATLAS/CMS stop searches via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 to obtain model-specific exclusions in the (m_T, m_S, theta_L) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_02953_dfsz_axion_higgs_model_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axion-Higgs model with small singlet-doublet coupling", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.02953", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PQ-constrained 2HDM scalar sector with the small singlet-doublet coupling regime is not implemented in any spectrum/collider-constraint tool, so the heavy-Higgs indirect probe cannot be confronted with LHC Higgs data (card lists 'LHC Higgs-sector likelihood unavailable').", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the PQ-restricted 2HDM potential (with the singlet-decoupling relations of the small-c regime) as a 2HDMC or ScannerS model variant and pass the spectrum through HiggsTools (HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals) for the collider likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0808_1904_susylr_unstable_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dynamical R-parity breaking SUSYLR unstable gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.1904", "score": 20.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The displaced-vertex collider observable has no dedicated forward-model step or recast: no tool maps the SUSYLR spectrum and |U| ~ 1e-6 to 1e-7 mixing to NLSP decay lengths and modern LHC displaced-vertex search sensitivity.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute NLSP production and decay lengths for benchmark SUSYLR spectra and recast ATLAS/CMS displaced-vertex and long-lived-particle analyses using a CheckMATE/MadAnalysis LLP implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_3304_supersymmetric_u1_hylogenesis_antibaryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric U(1)' hylogenesis antibaryon dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.3304", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation (e.g. UFO) of the vector-like color-triplet and X baryon-transfer mediators exists for collider recasting, and the mapping from monojet/dijet limits to the hylogenesis operator depends on unmodeled SUSY-breaking insertions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the mediator sector in FeynRules/UFO, generate signals in MadGraph, and recast modern ATLAS/CMS monojet and vector-like-quark searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis, including the SUSY-breaking operator-generation dependence as an explicit parameter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1077_scalar_singlet_triplet_z2_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scalar singlet-triplet Z2 dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1077", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No event-level collider implementation or LHC recast exists for the S2/S+- electroweak cascade signatures, so the collider observable (relaxed scenarios with splittings above the W threshold) cannot be evaluated beyond kinematic classification.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the model UFO, simulate pp production of S+S- and S2S+ with MadGraph plus Pythia, and recast LHC electroweakino/compressed-spectrum searches with a public recast framework (CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5) over the (m_1, Delta_21, Delta_c1, theta) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_04035_complex_singlet_pseudoscalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex singlet scalar model with stable pseudoscalar A dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.04035", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The one-loop electroweak correction to the h125 -> AA invisible width (few-percent effect, needed as LHC invisible-width precision improves) exists only as the authors' private FeynArts/FeynCalc/LoopTools implementation with model-specific counterterms and renormalization schemes; no released code reproduces the NLO widths.", "proposed_resolution": "Release the CxSM NLO invisible-width calculation as a public package (e.g. integrate it into the ewN-style NLO tools built on the same FeynArts/FeynCalc/LoopTools chain, or publish the model files and counterterm definitions), validated by reproducing the paper's few-percent correction factors in scenarios I and II.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_07204_su6_sp6_composite_pngb_complex_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(6)/Sp(6) composite pNGB complex singlet dark matter with dark top partners", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.07204", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-top-partner top-plus-MET constraint relies on SUSY stop-search limits whose production cross sections and branching fractions differ from this model; no model-specific LHC recast has been performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate T pair production and T -> t S decays with MadGraph5 using the gap_1 model files and recast ATLAS/CMS stop searches via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 to obtain model-specific exclusions in the (m_T, m_S, theta_L) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_13361_muon_specific_scalar_dm_modular_a4_u1h_v1", "model_name": "Muon-specific real scalar dark matter in a modular A4 hidden U(1)_H quark-lepton model", "family": "flavor_specific_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.13361", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model implementation (FeynRules/UFO) or completed recast exists for the charged mediator E decaying to muon plus scalar DM, so the slepton-like mu + missing-transverse-momentum constraint on the O(100 GeV) relic/g-2 region cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO model of the E-phi_u_R sector, generate Drell-Yan E+E- production with MadGraph5, and recast the ATLAS/CMS slepton searches implemented in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis 5, scanning the (m_E, m_phi) plane including the compressed splitting region below about 50 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_vector_like_quark_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like quark color-superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated collider/flavor recast exists for low-mass electroweak-singlet vector-like quarks with suppressed visible mixing or nonstandard decays; standard LHC VLQ limits assume ordinary decay channels and the batch did not digitize the mass-limit tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the electroweak-singlet VLQ model in MadGraph/FeynRules and recast LHC VLQ and long-lived/hidden-decay searches with MadAnalysis or CheckMATE, combined with CKM-unitarity and FCNC constraints via a flavor-fit package (e.g. flavio/smelli), as a function of m_VLQ and mixing.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03290_bino_smuon_selectron_coannihilation_mssm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-smuon/selectron co-annihilation dark matter with decoupled staus", "family": "neutralino_bino_slepton_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03290", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast implementation is identified for the compressed bino-smuon/selectron spectra (Delta m ~ 20 GeV): the route lists a 'collider recast framework' as required, but no tool covering LHC/LEP compressed electroweak slepton/chargino searches for this scenario is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS compressed-spectrum slepton and electroweakino search regions in a public recast tool (SModelS, CheckMATE, or MadAnalysis5 PAD) and validate against the exclusion filters quoted in arXiv:2104.03290.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03290_bino_stau_coannihilation_mssm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-stau co-annihilation dark matter with universal slepton masses", "family": "neutralino_bino_slepton_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03290", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast implementation is identified for the compressed bino-stau spectra (Delta m ~ 15 GeV): the route lists a 'collider recast framework' as required, but no tool covering LHC/LEP compressed stau/slepton/chargino searches for this scenario is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS compressed-spectrum stau and electroweakino search regions in a public recast tool (SModelS, CheckMATE, or MadAnalysis5 PAD) and validate against the exclusion filters quoted in arXiv:2104.03290.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2104_03290_bino_wino_coannihilation_mssm_v1", "model_name": "MSSM bino-wino co-annihilation dark matter", "family": "neutralino_bino_wino_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03290", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast implementation is identified for the compressed bino-wino spectra (Delta m ~ 10-30 GeV): the route lists a 'collider recast framework' as required, but no tool covering LHC/LEP compressed wino-like chargino/neutralino searches (soft leptons, disappearing-track-adjacent topologies) for this scenario is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relevant ATLAS/CMS compressed electroweakino search regions in a public recast tool (SModelS, CheckMATE, or MadAnalysis5 PAD) and validate against the exclusion filters quoted in arXiv:2104.03290.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0808_3094_su5_nonuniversal_gaugino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) non-universal gaugino-mass neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.3094", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No implemented modern-LHC analysis exists for the model's characteristic heavy-Higgs-in-SUSY-cascade signature (chi_2 -> chi_1 + H/A/h from squark/gluino cascades); the source projections are pre-LHC-era and the s3 simulation step names no concrete framework or Run-2 backgrounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate benchmark representation-24 and mixed-representation points with MadGraph+Pythia+Delphes and recast Run-2 ATLAS/CMS H/A -> bb and tau tau plus missing-energy cascade searches in CheckMATE or MadAnalysis to obtain current sensitivity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1106_4320_hylogenesis_antibaryonic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hylogenesis antibaryonic dark matter with induced nucleon decay", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.4320", "score": 19.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for the neutron-portal operator: the card lists monojet missing-energy signatures as a constraint target but records no exclusion table, no likelihood, and notes that a simplified-model recast is needed when mediator masses X1, X2 approach collider energies.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the neutron-portal operator X u^c d^c d^c and the explicit heavy Dirac mediator realization as a UFO model, generate monojet plus missing-energy signals in MadGraph, and recast against ATLAS/CMS monojet analyses with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 to produce limits on M versus dark-state masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_374345_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 374345: gravitino superwimp", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper-era LHC search pipeline for this benchmark (custom ATLAS implementations on PYTHIA/PGS with Prospino K-factors), including the lepton-rich colored-sparticle cascades with a detector-stable sneutrino NLSP, is private and built on the obsolete PGS simulation, so the collider status cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the benchmark spectrum in a modern public framework such as CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 with Delphes, implementing current multi-lepton plus missing-energy searches alongside the paper-era ATLAS analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1611_08341_minimal_so10_bino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal SUSY SO(10) benchmark with bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.08341", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The compressed bino-smuon spectrum (small LSP-NLSP splitting required for co-annihilation) is poorly covered by the simplified-model recast the paper used (SModelS 1.0.4); a dedicated recast against soft-lepton and compressed-electroweakino LHC searches is needed to evaluate the collider observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the benchmark with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 against ATLAS/CMS compressed-spectrum slepton and electroweakino searches (soft dilepton plus missing-energy analyses), which are implemented in those frameworks for exactly this mass-degenerate regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_12302_techni_pati_salam_composite_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Techni-Pati-Salam semi-integer-baryon-number composite dark matter", "family": "composite_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.12302", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No model implementation exists for collider recasting of the heavy exotic-baryon-number states: the paper gives only qualitative cascade final states (top, bottom, lepton plus the stable dark state), with no spectrum-dependent event-generator model or recast of LHC heavy-resonance searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a simplified-model FeynRules/UFO implementation of the exotic composite states and their PC4F-induced decays (with masses and couplings from the lattice spectrum once available), generate events with MadGraph, and recast existing LHC heavy-resonance and missing-energy searches with MadAnalysis or CheckMATE.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509039_moduli_anomaly_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mixed moduli-anomaly mediated MSSM with nonthermal neutral-Higgsino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509039", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Modern collider status of the light stop plus nearly degenerate Higgsino spectrum cannot be evaluated because public recast tools only partially cover compressed-Higgsino signatures (soft dileptons, disappearing tracks) and no implemented recast exists for this model's spectrum (route step s4 has null tool_or_code).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's stop and Higgsino simplified spectra in an existing recast framework (e.g. add the relevant ATLAS/CMS soft-lepton and disappearing-track analyses to CheckMATE or use SModelS compressed-electroweakino results), scanning M0, mu, and m_stop1 over the natural range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701011_axino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "axino LSP superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701011", "score": 18, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No concrete collider recast exists for the long-lived charged-slepton NLSP trapping signature: the stopped-particle yield and delayed-decay distribution that would identify the axino LSP are discussed only qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing LHC HSCP search efficiencies and stopping-power simulations for the slepton mass-lifetime plane in an LLP recasting framework, adding a trap-geometry acceptance calculation for the delayed-decay measurement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07987_asymmetric_inelastic_dark_qed_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric inelastic dark QED with dark muonium", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07987", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The fixed-target reach for the heavier mu_D state is currently only routing guidance: the related coannihilation fixed-target framework was built for a different spectrum, and no recast maps its production and visible-decay yields onto the two-flavor dark-QED benchmark with splitting Delta.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the arXiv:1703.06881 inelastic/coannihilation fixed-target formalism to this model's masses and off-diagonal coupling, computing epsilon-dependent production and mu_D visible-decay yields for existing and planned electron and proton beam-dump experiments, and validate against the related paper's published reach.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_04745_secretly_asymmetric_fdm_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Secretly asymmetric lepton-flavored dark matter with a scalar annihilator", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.04745", "score": 15, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for the flavored scalar mediator: the card marks the constraint recast_required with a heavy-m_phi benchmark but no UFO/model implementation, mediator spectrum, or flavor branching fractions, so LHC lepton-plus-missing-energy limits cannot be mapped onto (m_phi, lambda, flavor alignment).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO implementation of the three-flavor chi plus phi plus S sector, generate events with MadGraph, and recast slepton-like dilepton-plus-MET and mono-lepton searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis for a grid of mediator spectra and flavor alignments.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_cdm_3x24_v1", "model_name": "Three-24 type III GMSB gravitino cold dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 12.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented collider recast maps the detector-stable stau NLSP (tau_stau ~ 10^3-10^4 s) of this GMSB spectrum onto modern LHC heavy-stable-charged-particle and stopped-particle searches; the card's llp_recast step has no tool and no modern exclusion is extracted.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the type III GMSB spectrum with a public SUSY spectrum calculator (SOFTSUSY/SPheno), compute stau production cross sections, and recast against ATLAS/CMS HSCP and stopped-particle analyses via SModelS long-lived-particle results or a CheckMATE/MadAnalysis implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_2342344_bino_squark_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 2342344: bino squark coannihilation", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider-evaluation chain for this benchmark is not publicly reusable: the paper-era ATLAS 7/8 TeV search selections were implemented in private author code on top of PYTHIA/PGS, and the modified SUSY-HIT decay setup is likewise not released, so the compressed-squark-plus-1.3-TeV-gluino collider observable cannot be re-run from the card's resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the benchmark point from its published SLHA spectrum with public SOFTSUSY plus SUSY-HIT and evaluate it in a public recasting framework (CheckMATE, MadAnalysis 5, or SModelS) covering paper-era and current compressed-spectrum squark and gluino searches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_2387564_bino_a_funnel_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 2387564: bino a funnel", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider-evaluation chain for this benchmark is not publicly reusable: the paper-era ATLAS 7/8 TeV search selections were implemented in private author code on top of PYTHIA/PGS, and the modified SUSY-HIT decay setup is likewise not released, so the 1.4 TeV squark plus heavy-Higgs collider observable cannot be re-run from the card's resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Rebuild the benchmark point from its published SLHA spectrum with public SOFTSUSY plus SUSY-HIT and evaluate it in a public recasting framework (CheckMATE, MadAnalysis 5, or SModelS) covering paper-era and current squark searches and heavy-Higgs (A -> tau tau) searches relevant to the funnel mediator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_2750334_well_tempered_bino_higgsino_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 2750334: well tempered bino higgsino", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper-era LHC search pipeline for this benchmark (custom ATLAS search implementations on PYTHIA/PGS with Prospino K-factors) is private and built on the obsolete PGS detector simulation, so the collider status of the electroweak-dominated 2750334 spectrum cannot be reproduced or updated.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the benchmark spectrum (from the published SLHA files) in a modern public recasting framework such as CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 with Delphes, implementing current electroweakino and slepton searches alongside the paper-era analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_401479_bino_stop_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 401479: bino stop coannihilation", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper-era LHC search implementations (2012 ATLAS selections in PYTHIA/PGS plus custom author code) that validated this benchmark are private, so the compressed bino-stop collider topology cannot be re-evaluated or updated against modern data from the card alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the paper-era ATLAS analyses, and add modern compressed-stop searches, in a public recasting framework such as MadAnalysis5, CheckMATE, or SModelS, using the benchmark spectrum from SOFTSUSY plus SUSY-HIT decays.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 23, "rank_structure_formation": 49}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 70, "n_models": 70, "weight": 1663.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 15, "weight_structure_formation": 380.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 40, "blocks_key_observables": 22, "minor": 8}, "effort_counts": {"large": 5, "small": 7, "medium": 58}, "members": [{"model_id": "1805_03203_two_state_inelastic_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-state inelastic self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03203", "score": 46.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological excited-state abundance f_excited is assumed (near 1) rather than computed: the card flags excited-state survival under early-universe down-scattering as an unsolved model-building requirement, leaving the simulations' key initial condition uncalculated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the coupled Boltzmann network for psi1/psi2 with the Yukawa-mediated up/down-scattering and annihilation rates, tracking f_excited(z) from the nonthermal parent-decay production through recombination, to map (Delta/m_chi, alpha, m_mediator, production history) onto the simulation initial state fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_05704_type_i_non_degenerate_2hdma_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type-I non-degenerate 2HDM+a dark matter benchmark model", "family": "pseudoscalar_mediator_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.05704", "score": 42, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced spin-independent direct-detection cross section for pseudoscalar-mediated Dirac DM in the type-I 2HDM+a is not implemented in any tool linked from the card, so the direct-detection leg of the complementarity observable cannot be evaluated numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive (or adapt from the existing 2HDM+a loop literature) the one-loop SI scattering amplitude for the type-I Yukawa structure, implement it as a micrOMEGAs/MadDM extension for the Pseudoscalar_2HDMI model, and couple the output to DDCalc-style experimental likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_08266_singlet_doublet_dirac_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Radiative Dirac seesaw singlet-doublet Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "singlet_doublet_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.08266", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The right-handed-neutrino Delta N_eff is computed only in the instantaneous-decoupling approximation; no momentum-averaged Boltzmann treatment of the Dirac-neutrino decoupling through the inert-doublet-mediated interactions has been done for this model, which shifts the predicted Delta N_eff at the precision level targeted by SPT-3G/CMB-S4.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the number-density Boltzmann equation for the right-handed neutrinos with the model's Y_Nl-mediated collision rates (following the treatment of arXiv:2103.05648 cited by the card), tracking the dark-sector-to-photon temperature ratio through SM entropy transfers to obtain Delta N_eff beyond instantaneous decoupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_09909_winding_string_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Winding string freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09909", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The abundance calculation is derived only under near-instantaneous reheating; no derivation of the freeze-in yield for extended reheating histories exists, so the mapping between the CMB tensor bound on H_i and the allowed parameter band cannot be evaluated away from that assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the freeze-in yield during a matter-dominated reheating phase with general T_max > T_rh (standard UV freeze-in techniques), parameterized by (H_i, T_rh, inflaton equation of state), and propagate it into the tensor-bound filter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_01866_spin_2_portal_fermion_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 portal fermion freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01866", "score": 31.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in momentum distribution f(p) of X produced during reheating is not derived (the card records distribution_function_available: no and all structure-formation entries unknown), so whether light-m_X regions behave as warm rather than cold dark matter cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f(p,T) with the spin-2 production collision term over the reheating history, extract the free-streaming length as a function of (m_X, m_G, Lambda, T_RH, T_max), and map onto the standard thermal-WDM transfer-function bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_08278_susy_nelson_barr_gravitino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Nelson-Barr gravitino LSP dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08278", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gravitino momentum distribution f(q) from decay and inverse-decay production during the low-reheating inflaton-oscillation era has not been derived; only an integrated abundance formula exists, so the free-streaming constraint relies on an unvalidated thermal-WDM equivalence.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation for gravitino production from MSSM superparticle decays and inverse decays through reheating (T_RH below m_soft), obtaining f(q) as a function of m_3/2, T_RH, and T_dec,3/2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_03963_qcd_like_dark_pion_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-like dark-pion forbidden dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_pion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03963", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-baryon relic contribution is only a QCD-scaling estimate; no nonperturbative calculation of dark-baryon annihilation for the N_c=3 dark sector exists, leaving the second dark-matter component's abundance uncontrolled.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-baryon annihilation cross section with a nonperturbative treatment (rearrangement/bound-state formation modeled on QCD baryon-antibaryon data rescaled to Lambda_d, or a dedicated lattice estimate) and add it to the freeze-out network.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1164_compressed_stau_no_scale_fsu5_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Compressed-stau No-Scale F-SU(5) bino neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.1164", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The compressed benchmarks thermally underproduce the relic density and invoke late moduli decay to restore it, but the card provides no quantitative moduli-decay cosmology (decay temperature, branching to neutralinos, entropy production), so the relic-density consistency and the rescaling of indirect rates for subcomponent scenarios cannot be evaluated (con_fs5_relic has likelihood_available no).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and implement a late-moduli-decay Boltzmann module (parameterized by moduli mass, reheat temperature, and neutralino branching fraction) coupled to the MicrOMEGAs freeze-out output, and scan it against the Planck relic target for the compressed 0-2 GeV mass-gap benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_6838_u1prime_amsb_wino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal U(1)' strictly anomaly-mediated wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.6838", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal wino abundance from gravitino decay is computed with an approximate yield formula carrying explicit gamma_G uncertainty and no treatment of wino reannihilation (with Sommerfeld-corrected cross sections) at the gravitino decay epoch, which broadens the quoted m_3/2 100-430 TeV all-dark-matter band.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled gravitino-wino Boltzmann system numerically, using the modern thermal gravitino production rate to pin down gamma_G and including Sommerfeld-enhanced wino annihilation during and after gravitino decay, to replace the analytic band with a calibrated relic-density surface over (m_3/2, T_rh, q_L).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_07723_su3d_triple_higgs_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(3)_D triple-Higgs dark matter with vector bound states", "family": "dark_sector_bound_state_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.07723", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Sommerfeld enhancement and radiative bound-state-formation cross sections have not been derived for this model's specific structure (three nearly degenerate psi_i species interacting through a massive non-Abelian V8 with all other dark gluons heavy); only a related published calculation for a different gauge structure exists as a recast target.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the published unbroken-mediator BSF formalism (arXiv:1604.01776-type) to the massive-V8 Yukawa potential with the psi_i multiplet structure, deriving velocity-dependent Sommerfeld factors and capture cross sections, and package them as a module usable in both freeze-out and halo-annihilation calculations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_06968_two_dark_vector_dsmeft_dleft_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-dark-vector DSMEFT/DLEFT dark matter", "family": "vector_dark_matter_effective_field_theory", "arxiv": "2202.06968", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Hadronic-level production rates for freeze-in at low reheating temperatures are unresolved: the card notes that matching the DSMEFT operators onto hadronic states near and below the QCD scale has not been carried out, leaving the relic curve uncertain for low T_RH.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the DLEFT-to-chiral-perturbation-theory matching for the triple-field-strength operators (photon-photon-dark and hadronic channels) and add the resulting collision terms to the freeze-in integration for T_RH near or below the QCD phase transition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_08268_framed_standard_model_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Framed Standard Model hidden-sector dark matter candidates", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08268", "score": 29.25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relic abundance of framonic C-ons is entirely qualitative: no production mechanism calculation (thermal history, composite formation, decay chains) exists, so the candidates cannot be assigned a predicted abundance or momentum distribution for any cosmological comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the hidden-sector thermal history and freeze-out/formation abundance of the lightest neutral C-ons (including hidden confinement and binary composite formation), producing an Omega h^2 estimate and phase-space distribution as functions of zeta_S and the mixing portal strength.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_07540_dark_monopole_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Dark 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole dark matter from first-order SU(2)_D phase transition", "family": "topological_defect_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07540", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Monopole-antimonopole annihilation after production is not modeled, so in the large-production-rate regime the number-density estimate can substantially overpredict the surviving monopole abundance (the card flags this omission with high extrapolation risk).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the diffusive-capture monopole-antimonopole annihilation Boltzmann equation (Zeldovich-Khlopov/Preskill style) in the dark-sector plasma with U(1)_D long-range interactions, and apply it as a post-processing correction to the bubble-collision yield.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_04030_vector_scotogenic_hnl_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector Scotogenic HNL dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04030", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in boundary regime, where the relic abundance is produced by vector-doublet decays at large mass splitting, has no coupled Boltzmann treatment; the card flags that this requires going beyond the standard freeze-out calculation, leaving relic predictions in the separated-mass regime unevaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled Boltzmann equations for the vector-doublet and HNL number densities across the freeze-out/freeze-in transition, e.g. using micrOMEGAs' freeze-in mode extended with the vector-decay term, and map the boundary in the (Delta M, lambda_l) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_01341_sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_thermal_effects_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-effects freeze-in sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.01341", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Production above the electroweak crossover via 2-to-2 scatterings is not computed (the paper's thermal decay-rate treatment applies only below T_SSB about 160 GeV), leaving the high-temperature contribution to the abundance and spectrum of heavy-HNL scenarios undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the symmetric-phase 2-to-2 and 1-to-2 production rates (following established thermal leptogenesis/HNL rate calculations at T > T_SSB) and add them to the same freeze-in solver so the abundance is complete across the crossover.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_12130_vacuum_misalignment_composite_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite pNGB dark matter from vacuum-misalignment asymmetry", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12130", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The cosmological evolution through the vacuum-realignment transition (finite-temperature vacuum rotation, X-asymmetry washout, and transfer into the Z2-odd pNGBs) is deferred by the primary paper, so the relic density is only a mechanistic estimate with no quantitative thermal-history calculation for the SU(6)/Sp(6) template.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the finite-temperature effective potential of the template model (e.g. with CosmoTransitions-style tooling for the pNGB potential), solve the coupled asymmetry-transfer Boltzmann equations across T_HL to T_*, and publish the resulting Omega_DM(f, M_DM, lambda, T_HL) map.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_dr_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "d_R t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced spin-independent DM-nucleon cross section for a Majorana singlet coupled to right-handed down-type quarks via a colored scalar is not implemented in the model's pipeline; the card notes the NLO direct-detection recast (per arXiv:2010.07559) was not rerun, and only tree-level spin-dependent scattering is trivially available.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive/port the one-loop (and NLO QCD) Wilson coefficients for sigma_SI in the d_R t-channel model from arXiv:2010.07559 and implement them in micrOMEGAs or DDCalc so that g_DM fixed by the SE/BSF relic calculation maps directly onto current xenon-experiment limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_ql_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "q_L t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced spin-independent DM-nucleon cross section for a Majorana singlet coupled to left-handed quark doublets via a colored scalar doublet is not implemented in the model's pipeline; the card notes the NLO direct-detection recast (per arXiv:2010.07559) was not rerun, so robust sigma_SI limits cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive/port the one-loop (and NLO QCD) Wilson coefficients for sigma_SI in the q_L t-channel model from arXiv:2010.07559 and implement them in micrOMEGAs or DDCalc so that g_DM fixed by the SE/BSF relic calculation maps directly onto current xenon-experiment limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_04326_t_channel_ur_colored_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "u_R t-channel colored co-annihilation Majorana dark matter", "family": "colored_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.04326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced spin-independent DM-nucleon cross section for a Majorana singlet coupled to right-handed up-type quarks via a colored scalar is not implemented in the model's pipeline; the card notes the NLO direct-detection recast (per arXiv:2010.07559) was not rerun, so robust sigma_SI limits cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive/port the one-loop (and NLO QCD) Wilson coefficients for sigma_SI in the u_R t-channel model from arXiv:2010.07559 and implement them in micrOMEGAs or DDCalc so that g_DM fixed by the SE/BSF relic calculation maps directly onto current xenon-experiment limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1602_03191_gravitational_neutrino_condensate_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-anomaly neutrino-condensate cold dark matter subcomponent", "family": "neutrino_condensate_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.03191", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calculation of the condensation dynamics after the meV phase transition: whether relic neutrinos bind, form a superfluid, or annihilate into Goldstones, and the resulting cold-neutrino fraction f_nu_cold and phase-space distribution (the card records distribution_function_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the post-transition Boltzmann/condensation equations for relic neutrinos with the Goldstone coupling g, solving for the bound-state vs superfluid vs annihilation outcome as a function of (Lambda_G, m_1, g), and output f_nu_cold and a momentum distribution for the cold component.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_nucleon_decay_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L charged scalar dark matter triggering nucleon decay", "family": "baryon_lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic abundance for this interaction-dominance scenario is not computed (calculation_type unknown): the freeze-out or freeze-in yield through the higher-dimensional B/L operators is missing, so the local DM flux normalizing the induced-decay rate is undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermal history for the benchmark operators of gap_1 (freeze-out if couplings allow equilibrium, otherwise freeze-in), e.g. by implementing the operators in micrOMEGAs to obtain Omega h^2 and the allowed DM fraction versus (m_chi, Lambda).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_06353_cosmological_wetting_transition_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "cosmological wetting transition scalar dark matter", "family": "unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1907.06353", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The spontaneous-baryogenesis claim is qualitative: no transport/Boltzmann calculation converts the phi-dot baryon-current chemical potential into a predicted baryon asymmetry, so the baryogenesis observable cannot be evaluated or the coupling constrained.", "proposed_resolution": "Set up the standard spontaneous-baryogenesis calculation for this potential: specify the B-violating interaction and its rate, solve the chemical-potential-biased Boltzmann equation through the phi evolution, and express eta_B as a function of the derivative coupling and thermal history.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_6256_goldstone_remnant_z2_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Remnant-Z2 Majorana dark matter with Goldstone dark radiation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6256", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Delta N_eff = 0.39 rests on an assumed instantaneous Goldstone decoupling just before muon annihilation (g_star = 57/4); no actual Goldstone decoupling calculation from the model's collision terms exists, so Delta N_eff is not predicted as a function of model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the eta-SM elastic and annihilation collision rates through the mixed scalars, solve the Goldstone temperature evolution (a momentum-integrated Boltzmann equation is sufficient) to obtain the decoupling temperature as a function of theta, m_rho, and v_phi, and map the result to Delta N_eff(theta, m_rho, v_phi) for CMB comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1410_5908_u1h_superheavy_wimpzilla_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "U(1)H-stabilized superheavy WIMPZILLA with dark radiation", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.5908", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The specific nonthermal WIMPZILLA production channel setting the 1e12-1e14 GeV relic abundance is not calculated in the paper or represented on the card, so the superheavy relic abundance cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the relic abundance for a concrete production mechanism (gravitational production at the end of inflation or preheating, following Chung-Kolb-Riotto-style calculations) as a function of m_DM and the reheating temperature, and add it as an explicit route step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_1731_luminogenesis_inflationary_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflationary dark matter in the luminogenesis model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1731", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The luminogenesis abundance chain — inflaton decay to the 20 representation, dark asymmetry generation, conversion of a fraction to luminous matter, and freeze-out of the symmetric component through the U(1)_DM dark photon — is asserted but not implemented as a quantitative Boltzmann calculation, so the predicted dark/luminous ratio cannot be checked.", "proposed_resolution": "Write down and solve the coupled Boltzmann equations for inflaton decay, dark-to-luminous conversion via the scalar 15 fields, and dark-photon-mediated annihilation of the symmetric component, verifying Omega_DM/Omega_b against the observed ratio as a function of M_DUT and mu_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1902_07726_higgs_parity_mirror_electron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs Parity mirror-electron dark matter", "family": "mirror_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1902.07726", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The viable relic abundance relies on non-thermal production from an unspecified inflaton/parent decay with suppressed mirror up-quark branching; no quantitative Boltzmann calculation of the e_prime yield, the mirror-baryon fraction, and the T_RH < m_u_prime/40 condition exists beyond order-of-magnitude estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a benchmark parent-decay model and derive the coupled Boltzmann equations for parent decay, mirror-electron yield, and mirror-QCD hadron production as functions of (T_RH, B_e_prime, m_u_prime), producing a reusable analytic abundance formula with quantified mirror-baryon contamination.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_12353_gauged_b_l_decaying_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged B-L decaying Majoron dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.12353", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The I3 relic abundance entering the abundance-lifetime-VEV mapping rests on an assumed freeze-out temperature near the top-quark mass rather than a solved Boltzmann freeze-out in the gauged B-L model, and the thermal-equilibrium history of I3 with the SM bath is itself marked unknown, so Omega_I3(v_D, v_M) carries an uncontrolled systematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the gauged B-L scalar and right-handed-neutrino sector in a relic-density code such as micrOMEGAs (model files via FeynRules/CalcHEP) and solve the I3 freeze-out/freeze-in explicitly across the (v_D, v_M) plane, replacing the fixed freeze-out-temperature ansatz.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_10092_su3_tenplet_accident_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(3) x U(1) ten-plet accident dark matter", "family": "accident_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10092", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The multi-component relic-density calculation for the six degenerate accident scalars, including semi-annihilation and coannihilation channels induced by the remnant U(1)_3 x U(1)_8 gauge interactions and the possible Higgs portal, has not been derived; the paper only asserts the SU(3) analysis is analogous to the SU(2) five-plet case.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full set of (semi-)annihilation and coannihilation cross sections for the ten-plet accident multiplet and implement the coupled multi-species Boltzmann system in micrOMEGAs (which supports multi-component setups and semi-annihilation) via a LanHEP/FeynRules model file for the SU(3) x U(1) scalar sector.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_5488_ezssm_bino_inelastic_upscattering_v1", "model_name": "EZSSM bino dark matter with inert-Higgsino up-scattering", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5488", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Standard coannihilation codes assume chemical equilibrium among the bino and inert Higgsinos, but here the relic density hinges on whether Z-mediated inelastic up-scattering off the SM bath stays efficient through freeze-out; no derived coupled-Boltzmann treatment tracking the bino and inert-Higgsino number densities separately with explicit up-scattering rates is available to test the card's mass-splitting window.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the coupled Boltzmann system with explicit bino-to-inert-Higgsino up-scattering collision terms (as a function of Delta m and R_Z12) alongside the coannihilation terms, e.g. as a custom module layered on micrOMEGAs output, and map where the standard equilibrium approximation breaks down across the splitting window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_06242_rs_bulk_scalar_higgs_oscillating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Randall-Sundrum bulk-scalar oscillating dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06242", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Zero-mode dominance is only argued qualitatively: no numerical calculation of the inflationary excitation and post-inflation relic abundance of the TeV-scale Kaluza-Klein tower exists, leaving the rs_kk_mode_suppression validity condition unverified across the warp-factor range.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the mode-by-mode evolution of the lowest KK scalars through inflation and reheating, including their brane-induced inflationary masses and stronger Higgs couplings, to compute their relic densities and delimit the (g5, kL, H_inf) region where the zero mode dominates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_07841_z2_fermion_dm_majorana_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd fermion dark matter annihilating to Majorana sterile neutrinos", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.07841", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The one-loop Higgs-portal operators generated by lambda_H and y_chi (scaling as lambda_H^2 y_chi^4) have not been derived for this model, so the spin-independent nucleon cross section and Higgs invisible width cannot be evaluated and the direct-detection/invisible-Higgs recast cannot produce exclusion curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the one-loop matching of the chi-chi-Higgs effective operator following the cited similar-model calculation, then feed the resulting Wilson coefficient into standard direct-detection recast tools (DDCalc or the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module) and current Higgs invisible-width limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13009_near_continuum_z_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-continuum Z-portal dark matter", "family": "continuum_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13009", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological production mechanism and relic abundance of the near-continuum scalar modes are not computed for this variant; the paper assumes the modes form cold dark matter, leaving the per-state abundance distribution across the spectral density undetermined and blocking any late-decay or halo-signal normalization.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the gapped-continuum freeze-out formalism from the earlier Continuum Dark Matter papers (2105.07035/2105.14023) to the regulated near-continuum spectral density and Z-portal coupling, deriving the relic abundance and its distribution over states above the gap.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1112_1939_composite_asymmetric_technibaryon_v1", "model_name": "Composite asymmetric techni-baryon dark matter from technicolor assisted leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1112.1939", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The asymmetry transfer is an illustrative minimal chemical-potential estimate; no coupled Boltzmann treatment of the CP-violating ultra-heavy Higgs decays, washout, and sphaleron freeze-out near T_c exists to establish whether the required 1e-2 asymmetry suppression for TeV-scale m_S is actually realized.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the full network of Boltzmann equations for H_1 decays, lepton and technibaryon asymmetries, and sphaleron redistribution across the electroweak crossover, adapting an existing leptogenesis solver (e.g. ULYSSES) with added technibaryon chemical potentials.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1602_05427_composite_accidental_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Composite accidental QCD axion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.05427", "score": 23.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculation exists for the relic abundance of the accidentally stable composite baryons of the confining SU(N_c) sector (and post-inflationary defect network evolution), so the cosmological viability flag of step s4 can only be evaluated qualitatively outside the pre-inflationary low-reheating branch.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the confinement-scale freeze-out abundance of the composite dark baryons for representative SU(N_c) choices (extending standard freeze-out machinery such as micrOMEGAs-style Boltzmann solving with dark-confinement cross sections), and specify the T_RH dilution condition as a function of f_PQ.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_07542_flipped_su5_inflaton_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) inflaton-scalar dark matter unification", "family": "scalar_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07542", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The reheating history through the metastable Z2-breaking vacuum is only sketched (details deferred; validity entry marks high extrapolation risk), so the reheating temperature and the consistency of the inflaton-to-dark-matter handoff are not calculable from the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the inflaton decay rate through the metastable Z2-breaking vacuum, solve the coupled inflaton-radiation Boltzmann equations for T_reh, and verify Z2 restoration after reheating; this also fixes the e-fold number N feeding the n_s and r predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_05579_cxsm_z2_breaking_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-breaking complex singlet pseudo-Goldstone scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.05579", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "In the pseudo-Goldstone cancellation region the tree-level spin-independent cross section that micrOMEGAs returns is not the physical prediction: the surviving rate comes from one-loop and momentum-suppressed contributions, so XENON1T comparisons near a_1 -> 0 are unreliable without the loop-level amplitude for this Z2-breaking variant.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the published one-loop pseudo-Goldstone dark-matter sigma_SI calculations (developed for the symmetric complex-singlet model) to include the a_1 soft-breaking term, and add the resulting effective DM-nucleon coupling to the micrOMEGAs direct-detection module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_01899_gamma_ray_triangle_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-number asymmetric dark matter with gamma-ray triangles", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.01899", "score": 22.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No quantitative asymmetric-relic calculation links the assumed asymmetry eta_DM and the annihilation cross section to N_D pairs to the residual antiparticle fraction, so the ADM consistency constraint (adm_relic_asymmetry_requirement) and the indirect-flux normalization rest on an unverified assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled asymmetric freeze-out Boltzmann equations (following the standard asymmetric-WIMP framework already cited by the card) for this model's DM DM -> N_D N_D cross section, mapping which (eta_DM, f, m_DM, m_S) combinations leave the particle component dominant at the observed abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_07759_scalar_extended_accidental_composite_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-extended accidental composite dark matter", "family": "accidental_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.07759", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-glueball and metastable dark-meson cosmology (lifetimes, number-changing freeze-out, BBN energy injection) is imposed only as a qualitative tau_GB < 1 s requirement, with no model-specific calculation for the scalar-extended spectra classified here.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the existing dark-glueball relic and decay literature to these models by computing glueball and dark-pion lifetimes through the Higgs portal and dimension-five operators for each viable representation, and check energy injection against standard BBN codes (e.g. AlterBBN or ACROPOLIS-style injection limits).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1505_00034_logotropic_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Logotropic dark fluid", "family": "unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1505.00034", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The effective sound speed c_s,eff and entropy-perturbation closure of the unified logotropic fluid are not uniquely derived (the card marks c_s,eff as closure-dependent), so the linear perturbation system is not fully specified before any Boltzmann implementation can be written.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the perturbation equations and rest-frame sound speed from the paper's Gross-Pitaevskii/Klein-Gordon scalar-field realization of the logotropic EOS, fixing the adiabatic-vs-entropy closure explicitly, and publish the resulting c_s,eff(k,a) prescription for benchmark A=2.13e-9.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0604270_susy_so10_mixed_lsp_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric SO(10) mixed LSP-neutrino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0604270", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LSP identity, mass, and soft-SUSY-breaking spectrum are unspecified, so the cold-component relic density Omega_LSP cannot be computed even though standard relic solvers exist; the card explicitly flags the unspecified LSP as high extrapolation risk.", "proposed_resolution": "Define benchmark soft-breaking spectra consistent with the SO(10) chain using a spectrum generator (SoftSUSY or SPheno with GUT-scale boundary conditions), then compute Omega_LSP and the LSP composition with micrOMEGAs or DarkSUSY for each benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0905_2964_nmssm_pamela_neutralino_resonance_v1", "model_name": "PAMELA-favored NMSSM neutralino with light pseudoscalar resonance", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0905.2964", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal relic density is only sketched: the late-decaying gravitino/modulus cosmology that must set Omega_DM for a 135-301 pb annihilation cross section is not quantitatively specified or computed anywhere in the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify the decaying-field mass, abundance, and decay temperature, and solve the standard post-decay Boltzmann equation (annihilation-dominated regime) to verify that the observed relic density and the required present-day <sigma v> are simultaneously attainable for the benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_6189_split_neutrino_sneutrino_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Split-neutrino right-handed sneutrino inflaton dark matter", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.6189", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The perturbative reheating and thermalization history after NH_uL flat-direction inflation has not been computed with any identified tool; the quoted T_R ~ 1e6 GeV for m_phi ~ 1 TeV and the claim of efficient B-L thermalization of the sneutrino remain unverified, and T_R feeds both the relic calculation and the inflation consistency.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the inflaton decay rate from the h N H_u L superpotential coupling and solve the coupled inflaton-radiation Boltzmann equations (a small dedicated ODE code) to obtain T_R(h, m_phi) and verify B-L thermalization of the sneutrino.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_06929_so10_netdm_model_i_dirac_triplet_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) NETDM Model I with (1,1,3)_D Dirac fermion", "family": "so10_netdm", "arxiv": "1502.06929", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-level NETDM production amplitude through intermediate-scale exchange is only known up to unknown order-one coupling factors, leaving order-of-magnitude uncertainty in the relic-density prediction and the required T_RH.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the explicit loop production amplitude from the SO(10)-descended couplings of the (1,1,3)_D multiplet to the intermediate Higgs/gauge fields, replacing the order-one placeholder factors with computed couplings, and package it as a NETDM yield calculator over (M_DM, M_int, T_RH).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_06929_so10_netdm_model_ii_weyl_adjoint_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) NETDM Model II with (15,1,1)_W Weyl fermion", "family": "so10_netdm", "arxiv": "1502.06929", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The tree-level NETDM production amplitude via intermediate-scale Higgs exchange is parameterized by unknown order-one coupling factors, leaving order-of-magnitude uncertainty in the relic abundance and required reheating temperature.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the explicit Higgs-portal production amplitude for the (15,1,1)_W singlet component from the SO(10)-descended couplings, replacing the order-one placeholders, and package a NETDM yield calculator over (M_DM, M_int, T_RH).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_02669_boosted_two_component_pseudoscalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Boosted two-component pseudoscalar-mediated dark matter", "family": "boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.02669", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal production mechanism setting the PeV phi relic abundance is unspecified beyond a reheating-temperature dependence, so the (f_phi, f_chi) relic decomposition entering every signal normalization is not computable from model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive an explicit phi production calculation (e.g. freeze-in or inflaton-decay production as a function of T_RH) and couple it to a standard freeze-out computation for chi (implementable in micrOMEGAs from the given Lagrangian), yielding f_phi and f_chi as functions of the card's input parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_04769_long_lived_stau_coannihilation_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived stau coannihilation neutralino dark matter scenario", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.04769", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The three- and four-body stau decay widths (stau -> neutralino + multi-body tau/neutrino final states) for mass splittings below the tau mass, which set the BBN-era lifetime, are not implemented in any tool identified by the card and must be computed model-specifically together with the compressed-spectrum coannihilation yield.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the sub-threshold multi-body stau decay width (including left-right stau mixing and the optional lepton-flavor-violating channel) as a small standalone module, and couple it to a micrOMEGAs compressed-spectrum relic calculation to produce (tau_stau, Y_stau) as functions of (m_stau, m_neutralino, Delta m).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00007_fermionic_scotogenic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal scotogenic model with fermionic dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00007", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced inelastic N1-nucleus scattering that can arise for nearly degenerate N1,N2 with complex Yukawas is flagged in the card but not derived, so the direct-detection channel cannot be evaluated in that corner of parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one-loop (photon/Z-penguin and box) N1-quark effective operators including the N1-N2 splitting, and implement them in micrOMEGAs' direct-detection module to recast XENON/LZ inelastic limits versus the N1-N2 mass splitting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_03631_type_i_seesaw_majoron_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-I seesaw Majoron warm dark matter completion", "family": "majoron_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.03631", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Majoron production mechanism and resulting phase-space distribution f(p) are not specified in the card (production 'not specified in detail', no distribution function), so the abundance-lifetime mapping and the warm free-streaming scale that drive both observables cannot be computed from model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the Majoron relic abundance and momentum distribution for the natural production channels of this completion (freeze-in via the Higgs-singlet portal lambda_H_sigma and thermal production at the lepton-number-breaking scale with subsequent dilution), yielding tabulated f(p) as a function of m_J and the breaking scale for input to the Boltzmann step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_04146_chameleon_scalaron_f_r_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "chameleon scalaron dark matter in F(R) gravity with R^2 correction", "family": "modified_gravity_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04146", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance derivation exists connecting the BBN-era scalaron oscillation amplitude to the present-day dark matter density: the card records can_produce_all_dark_matter as unknown and no calculation determines the initial displacement needed to match Omega_DM h^2.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the scalaron energy density evolution from the onset of oscillations (including the environment-dependent mass changing through the QCD and e+e- epochs, which violates naive a^-3 scaling) to today, expressing Omega_phi h^2 as a function of the R^2 coefficient and initial displacement, using the gap_1 integrator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0412200_nonthermal_wino_anomaly_mediated_nmssm_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal wino dark matter in UV-insensitive anomaly-mediated NMSSM extension", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0412200", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic abundance uses the instantaneous gravitino-decay approximation with a tree-level annihilation cross section; a full Boltzmann treatment of gravitino decay plus wino reannihilation (including Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation to W pairs) is not implemented, and the card flags that it can shift the preferred T_RH/m_wino contours.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled gravitino-wino Boltzmann equations numerically (e.g. by extending micrOMEGAs or a standalone solver with a gravitino source term and Sommerfeld-corrected wino cross section) and recompute the Omega_wino h^2 = 0.095-0.13 band in the (T_RH, m_wino) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0808_1904_susylr_unstable_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dynamical R-parity breaking SUSYLR unstable gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0808.1904", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gravitino abundance rests on the source's linear-in-T_R scaling with an unspecified inflationary-dilution history; no numerical production calculation including NLSP decay regeneration and entropy dilution is available for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard hard-thermal-loop gravitino production rates in a small Boltzmann module with explicit reheating and dilution parameterization, adding the NLSP freeze-out-and-decay contribution, to replace the order-of-magnitude scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_3539_superheavy_scalar_r2_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy scalar dark matter from R^2 inflation", "family": "superheavy_gravitational_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.3539", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The entropy/reheating normalization needed to convert the produced comoving number density into today's relic density is unspecified (the card marks reheating-temperature dependence unknown), leaving Omega_X h^2 undetermined even once the production spectrum is known.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the entropy injection history from scalaron decay in the same R^2 background (the reheating temperature follows from the scalaron width to Standard Model fields) and fold it into the redshift step so the relic density is a closed function of m_X and the fixed scalaron mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1504_03610_two_portal_fermionic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-portal fermionic dark matter model", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.03610", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The one-loop DM-nucleon elastic cross section that controls direct-detection evasion exists only as the paper's analytic result and is absent from micrOMEGAs/CalcHEP tree-level pipelines, so recoil limits cannot be scanned automatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the paper's one-loop sigma_chiN expression as a standalone module (function of m_chi, mediator masses, g-prime, mixing angle) callable alongside micrOMEGAs in parameter scans, cross-checking the loop-suppression benchmarks quoted in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_12635_fermionic_absorption_neutral_current_v1", "model_name": "Neutral-current fermionic absorption dark matter", "family": "fermionic_absorption_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12635", "score": 20.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic-abundance calculation is explicitly postponed in the primary paper: the relativistic decoupling temperature, the required entropy dilution from the heavy particle's late decay, and its BBN-safe lifetime window are not worked out, so whether a given (m_chi, Lambda_NC) point yields the full dark matter abundance cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the chi decoupling temperature from the neutral-current operators, solve the standard entropy-dilution Boltzmann system for the heavy parent's decay, and delimit the dilution factor and parent lifetime consistent with BBN, yielding an abundance surface over (m_chi, Lambda_NC, dilution parameters) that can be attached as a relic-density route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0310181_inhomogeneous_chaplygin_condensate_v1", "model_name": "Inhomogeneous Chaplygin-gas gravitational-condensate dark matter", "family": "unified_dark_matter_chaplygin_gas", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0310181", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from initial Chaplygin-gas perturbations to the condensed CDM-like fraction as a function of redshift is only an approximate spherical-collapse prescription with an acoustic-horizon threshold; there is no calculable module giving the condensed fraction and its scale dependence from (A, B, initial spectrum), which the residual-fraction fit (about 0.08) presupposes.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and code the generalized spherical-collapse model with acoustic-horizon halting into a module that integrates over the initial overdensity distribution to output the condensed fraction versus redshift and scale, validated against the source estimate of about 8 percent residual gas, feeding directly into the gap_1 Boltzmann implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_l_violating_operator_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with lepton-number violating transfer operators", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The XXLH_u transfer operator and symmetric-component annihilation sector are defined only at framework level; without a normalized benchmark Lagrangian (doublet, singlet Higgs, or dark gauge completion) the direct, indirect, and collider signatures cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Fix an explicit UV completion of the XXLH_u operator with a specified annihilation mediator, and implement it as a FeynRules/micrOMEGAs model file so annihilation rates and search signatures become quantitative.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_1391_inelastic_vector_isospin_violating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic vector-exchange isospin-violating dark matter", "family": "isospin_violating_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.1391", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The surviving relic fraction of the excited state chi+ - which controls whether exothermic down-scattering contributes to the recoil signal - is not computed; it requires solving the coupled chi+/chi- Boltzmann system including the chi+ chi+ -> chi- chi- self-scattering depletion listed on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the two-state Boltzmann equations tracking chi+ depletion through self-scattering and decays down to freeze-out of the interconversion rate, as a function of delta, m_Zprime, m_B, and couplings, and propagate the resulting chi+ fraction into the recoil-spectrum calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_03724_qg_broken_z2_scalar_dm_domain_wall_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-gravity-broken Z2 singlet scalar dark matter with domain walls", "family": "singlet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.03724", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card specifies no relic-production mechanism for S_2 (production and relic-density calculation are 'unknown'), so the assumed S_2-dominated abundance that normalizes all decay observables is undetermined within the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the S_2 abundance from the tree-level potential's Higgs-portal and S_1-S_2 quartic couplings (freeze-out or freeze-in as coupling size dictates) using micrOMEGAs with the two-singlet model implemented, mapping which (m_DM, coupling) regions realize Omega h^2 = 0.12.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_2704_affleck_dine_radiative_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine radiative neutrino mass model with two dark matter components", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.2704", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Affleck-Dine LH_u flat-direction baryon asymmetry is imposed only as a qualitative consistency requirement: no derived mapping from (lambda, M, T_R, A-term phases) to the final baryon asymmetry is packaged with the model, so the joint consistency of relic density, LFV, and baryogenesis cannot be checked in a scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and code the standard Affleck-Dine lepton-asymmetry estimate for the LH_u direction lifted by W_nr = lambda (L H_u)^2 / M (flat-direction potential, oscillation temperature, ellipticity from CP-violating A terms) as a fast semi-analytic module callable inside the parameter scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1305_2419_pmssm_374345_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "pMSSM Snowmass benchmark 374345: gravitino superwimp", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.2419", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card provides no computed sneutrino NLSP lifetime, gravitino production abundance, or decay-produced gravitino phase-space distribution, so the superWIMP relic density and its consistency with BBN and diffuse photon/neutrino limits cannot be evaluated from the card contents (the source scan's checks are inherited, not reproduced).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the sneutrino-to-gravitino decay width and lifetime for m_3/2 near 400 GeV and m_sneutrino = 580 GeV, compute the NLSP freeze-out yield with micrOMEGAs, apply the superWIMP relation Omega_3/2 = (m_3/2/m_NLSP) Omega_NLSP, and check the electromagnetic/hadronic energy injection against standard BBN constraint codes (e.g. the Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi tables or AlterBBN-based injection limits).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1504_02266_e7_nls_focus_point_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "E7 nonlinear-sigma focus-point Higgsino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.02266", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No concrete nonthermal production history (e.g. moduli or gravitino decay with specified decay temperature) is specified for the Higgsino relic abundance, so Omega_chi h^2 cannot be computed and the direct-detection rate normalization (full DM vs subcomponent) is undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt an explicit late-decaying-modulus parameterization (decay temperature T_dec, branching to Higgsinos), solve the reheating-era Boltzmann equations with the Higgsino annihilation cross section from micrOMEGAs, and scan (mu, T_dec) for regions saturating Omega h^2 = 0.12; propagate the resulting DM fraction into the sigma_SI comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_1506_z2_unparticle_higgs_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z2-stabilized Higgs-portal unparticle dark matter", "family": "unparticle_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.1506", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The equilibrium phase-space distribution and thermal history of the unparticle in the relativistic regime for general scaling dimension 1 < d_U < 2 have not been derived (the paper assumes WIMP-like Boltzmann suppression valid only near d_U = 1, flagged as high extrapolation risk), so the relic calculation cannot be extended across the claimed d_U range.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermal number density, equilibrium distribution, and collision term for an unparticle operator of general d_U from its spectral density, matching onto the standard WIMP result as d_U approaches 1, and encode the resulting d_U-dependent correction factors in the gap_1 relic implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_5865_hidden_condensate_matter_parity_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-condensate matter-parity-violating gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5865", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The hidden pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone relic abundance Omega_PNG h^2 from SU(2) condensation is only estimated at paper level; no calculation of the hidden-sector thermal history and pseudo-NG freeze-out exists that could feed the overclosure check.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the hidden-sector temperature evolution and pseudo-NG annihilation cross sections after SU(2) condensation, then solve the hidden-sector Boltzmann equation (e.g. with micrOMEGAs' hidden-sector/two-temperature machinery or a custom integrator) parameterized by Lambda and the visible-hidden temperature ratio.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_10474_miracle_less_wimp_bl_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Miracle-less WIMP with gauged B-L entropy dilution", "family": "miracle_less_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.10474", "score": 18.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The leptogenesis route step is only a qualitative compatibility check: the paper defers the flavored Boltzmann analysis, so the claimed correlation between successful baryogenesis from N2/N3 and the GW-observable turning-frequency window is not quantitatively derived for this entropy-diluting cosmology.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve flavored leptogenesis Boltzmann equations (e.g. with ULYSSES) including the dilution of the lepton asymmetry by N1 entropy injection, mapping the (M_N1, Y_N1, M_N2,3) region where the observed baryon asymmetry survives, and overlay it on the M_DM-f_delta plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_00948_solar_neutrino_boosted_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "Solar-neutrino-boosted bound-state dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.00948", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The local bound-state fraction f_B, which normalizes the entire boosted flux, is assumed to be order one rather than computed; no early-universe calculation of chi-chi recombination into the bound state B under the dark Yukawa force exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled Boltzmann equations for the asymmetric constituent abundance and dark recombination/ionization through phi exchange in the regime m_phi < alpha_D m_chi, deriving f_B(m_chi, alpha_D, m_phi) to replace the order-one assumption in the flux normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_00323_majorana_tchannel_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Majorana t-channel mediator freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.00323", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in rate network includes only thermal-mass-corrected 1-to-2 decays; the 2-to-2 scattering contributions (gauge-boson-mediated and Yukawa processes) flagged as a missing network in the card have not been derived for this thermal-mass treatment, leaving the yield uncertain in regimes where scatterings compete with decays.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermally corrected 2-to-2 collision terms for eta/f-mediated production of X (following the plasma-corrected freeze-in formalism of the cited src_1902 approach) and add them to the source term alongside the 1-to-2 decays to quantify when the decay-only approximation holds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1608_04745_secretly_asymmetric_fdm_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Secretly asymmetric lepton-flavored dark matter with a scalar annihilator", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1608.04745", "score": 15, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced dark-matter-nucleon and dark-matter-electron scattering cross sections from the lepton-flavored mediator (photon-penguin-type diagrams through the phi-lepton loop) are not derived or implemented for this model, so the claimed null direct-detection signal cannot be checked quantitatively against current experiments.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one-loop effective chi-photon (charge-radius/anapole) operators from the lambda_ij phi chi_i e_j^c interaction, implement them in a direct-detection rate code (e.g. DDCalc or a micrOMEGAs model file), and compare with LZ/XENONnT likelihoods across (m_chi, m_phi, lambda).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_b_violating_operator_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with baryon-number violating transfer operators", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 14.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The XXudd transfer operator and the pseudoscalar/vector symmetric-annihilation sector are given only at framework level; no benchmark Lagrangian with normalized couplings exists from which direct, indirect, or collider signatures of the symmetric-component removal can actually be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Write down one or two explicit UV completions (squark-mediated XXudd with a specified pseudoscalar or Z' annihilation sector), fix operator normalizations, and implement them as FeynRules/micrOMEGAs model files so annihilation cross sections and collider signatures become computable.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0807_4524_type_iii_gmsb_gravitino_cdm_3x24_v1", "model_name": "Three-24 type III GMSB gravitino cold dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0807.4524", "score": 12.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic-density route relies only on the paper's order-of-magnitude reheating scaling with no numerical gravitino thermal-production calculation tied to an updated three-24 GMSB spectrum; the required SUSY spectrum calculator link-up is listed but not implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute benchmark spectra with SOFTSUSY/SPheno for the three-24 messenger boundary conditions and evaluate the gravitino yield with the standard hard-thermal-loop thermal-production rates (Bolz-Brandenburg-Buchmuller type) implemented as a small numerical module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_new_gauge_sphaleron_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with a new gauge-group sphaleron", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 11.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The new non-Abelian gauge sector is specified only at framework level: no benchmark with fixed M_W', g_R, generation charge assignments, and singlet-doublet mixing exists from which annihilation rates, collider signatures, and the recast of W' mass bounds onto T_D can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Define an explicit chiral gauge extension (e.g. a left-right variant with specified charges and the X1,X2,X3 mixing structure), normalize its couplings, and implement it in FeynRules plus micrOMEGAs and a collider recast framework so W' bounds and dark matter signatures become quantitative.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 24, "rank_structure_formation": 31}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 64, "n_models": 61, "weight": 1552.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 20, "weight_structure_formation": 577.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 25, "degrades_precision": 32, "blocks_all_observables": 1, "minor": 5, "unknown": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 43, "large": 8, "small": 12, "major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_05650_decaying_warm_majoron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decaying warm majoron dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.05650", "score": 52.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal majoron phase-space distribution (from misalignment-like production or entropy-diluted scenarios mentioned in the paper) has not been derived, so all structure-formation predictions rest on the thermal-distribution assumption that the card marks as high extrapolation risk.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) for the paper's cited nonthermal production channels (freeze-in-like decoupling and entropy-dilution histories) analytically or with a momentum-dependent Boltzmann calculation, and feed the resulting distributions into the extended CLASS ncdm sector in place of the thermal ansatz.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_02530_b3_dfsz_axion_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Baryon-triality DFSZ axion and light-axino dark matter model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.02530", "score": 45, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in axino momentum distribution f(p) from PQ-suppressed weak scattering production is not derived (the card records distribution_function_available: no), so the warm transfer cutoff and mixed-DM matter power cannot be computed beyond rough free-streaming estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated freeze-in Boltzmann equation for axino production from MSSM scattering with PQ-suppressed couplings, tabulate f(p) over (m_axino, f_a, T_RH), and feed it to CLASS as an ncdm species alongside a cold axion fluid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_01249_light_radion_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light radion freeze-in dark matter in an RS/SBSI model", "family": "radion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01249", "score": 44.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal radion momentum distribution f(p) from proton-bath freeze-in is not specified, and the proposed BEC/condensate and UV-completion production mechanisms that could raise the abundance to the full dark-matter value are explicitly left to future work, so the cold-versus-hot classification and any full-abundance scenario cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the freeze-in phase-space distribution f(q) from the radion-nucleon production integral around T ~ 230 MeV via the unintegrated collision term, and work out the misalignment/BEC condensate abundance as a function of initial displacement and epsilon, giving a two-component (cold condensate + hot freeze-in) abundance formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_10100_inflationary_dark_photon_proca_stars_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced dark photon dark matter with Proca-star substructure", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.10100", "score": 43, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Tidal survival of solitons, fuzzy envelopes, and low-density compact halos inside galactic hosts is only argued qualitatively (environment dependent), so the present-day substructure abundance entering any gravitational probe is not quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive tidal-stripping and disruption criteria for Proca-star plus fuzzy-halo profiles (semi-analytically, validated with idealized host-orbit simulations from the extended solver of gap_1) and publish survival fractions versus host mass and orbital radius.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2112_11387_dark_axion_portal_mixed_axion_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Dark Axion Portal mixed axion-dark-photon dark matter", "family": "multi_component_axion_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.11387", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The freeze-in dark-photon momentum distribution f(p) is not available (distribution_function_available: no), so the warm/hot behavior of the ~10 percent eV-scale dark-photon component and its small-scale power suppression are only discussed qualitatively, with no transfer function and no simulation calibration.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for axion-mediated gluon-fusion UV freeze-in to obtain the dark-photon f(p), feed it into the CLASS ncdm module alongside the cold axion component to get the mixed cold+warm transfer function, and compare against Ly-alpha bounds on hot subcomponents.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_16242_wimp_qcd_axion_emde_multicomponent_v1", "model_name": "Noninteracting WIMP and QCD axion dark matter in an early matter dominated epoch", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.16242", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The WIMP small-scale cutoff (kinetic-decoupling temperature and free-streaming scale) entering k_cut cannot be derived because the WIMP elastic-scattering microphysics is left unspecified in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a benchmark WIMP elastic-scattering cross section on the radiation bath and derive T_kd and the free-streaming cutoff in the EMDE background analytically, propagating them into the k_cut and M_minicluster estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_02170_dissipative_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.02170", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The thermal friction coefficient Gamma is treated as a constant free parameter; the mapping from the underlying axion-dark non-Abelian gauge microphysics (the (alpha/16 pi f) phi F tilde-F operator and the dark-sector sphaleron rate) to a temperature-dependent Gamma(T_dark) is not derived, so posteriors on Gamma cannot be translated into particle-physics parameters and the constant-Gamma validity domain is untested.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive Gamma(T_dark) from the dark non-Abelian sphaleron rate (Gamma proportional to alpha^5 T_dark^3 / f^2 in the standard thermal-friction literature), implement the resulting temperature dependence in the gap_1 Boltzmann module, and re-fit to test the constant-weak-Gamma assumption flagged in the card's validity domain.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1207_4858_supersymmetric_pq_axion_saxion_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Peccei-Quinn axion-saxion model with thermal saxion effects", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1207.4858", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The thermally produced saxion abundance is only approximated by analogy with axino production; an exact thermal saxion production/dissipation rate in the SUSY PQ plasma (including the thermal-log potential regime) has not been derived for this setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the saxion thermal production rate from the colored PQ-sector couplings using hard-thermal-loop resummed finite-temperature field theory, following the methods used for axino thermal production, and tabulate it as a function of T_R, F_a, and the PQ Yukawas.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_10283_kinetic_misalignment_majoron_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic-misalignment majoron dark matter in gauged U(1)Lmu-Ltau", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.10283", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear-perturbation treatment exists for the eV-scale coherently oscillating majoron field: the card records no transfer function or small-scale power prediction, so CMB/LSS perturbation-level constraints on this field-like DM cannot go beyond the background decay effect.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective fluid description (effective sound speed and any kinetic-misalignment-specific isocurvature or white-noise component) of the oscillating majoron and implement it as a CLASS species, analogous to existing axion/ULDM CLASS extensions, to obtain a transfer function and perturbation-level CMB/LSS constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1208_2496_saxion_decay_axino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Saxion-decay axino warm dark matter with axion dark radiation", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.2496", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale cutoff of decay-produced axinos is only estimated via an approximate free-streaming-length mapping to a 1-4 keV thermal WDM mass; no exact linear transfer function has been computed from the actual nonthermal two-body-decay momentum distribution for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced axino phase-space distribution f(q) (two-body saxion decay with lifetime tau_s), feed it to the CLASS ncdm module as a tabulated distribution, and compute the exact transfer function and half-mode mass across the m_s, tau_s, m_axino/m_s parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_09658_two_cosine_emergent_dark_energy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-cosine emergent dark-energy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09658", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping between pre-trapping and post-trapping dark-matter perturbations needed to translate CMB-era axion isocurvature constraints to present-day parameters is not derived; standard axion isocurvature bounds assume the field observed today is the field at recombination.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the isocurvature transfer through the trapping transition (how delta-phi fluctuations map onto the trapped heavy component) as a function of z_tr, then recast Planck isocurvature amplitude limits in the (H_inf, f, theta_i, z_tr) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_10263_light_rh_neutrino_lepto_axiogenesis_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light-right-handed-neutrino lepto-axiogenesis axion dark matter (freeze-in)", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.10263", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axion relic abundance and baryon asymmetry are not evaluated in the entropy-producing regions of parameter space: the card records that regimes where the saxion fails to thermalize before rotation-matter domination require a new evaluation of dilution that the source did not pursue, leaving those regions unpredictable.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the modified kinetic-misalignment abundance and Y_B including saxion-domination entropy injection, by solving the coupled saxion energy-density, thermalization, and charge-yield evolution across the m_S-f_a plane and publishing corrected thermalization/dilution boundaries.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_06580_5d_u1_repulsive_axion_ultralight_dm_v1", "model_name": "5D U(1) repulsive-axion ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06580", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic abundance from coherent oscillations, cosmic strings, or other nonstandard production is not computed for this specific 5D Wilson-line construction, so the abundance constraint (con-ultralight-relic-abundance) cannot be evaluated and the dark-matter fraction entering halo predictions is undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the misalignment and string-decay relic abundance for the Wilson-line axion potential (temperature dependence set by the 5D charged-matter loops), parameterized by m, f, and initial amplitude, following standard axion-cosmology relic calculations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_07048_milliev_scalar_dm_dark_photon_decay_v1", "model_name": "Milli-eV scalar dark matter decaying to dark photons", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.07048", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The initial nonthermal scalar relic abundance and its momentum distribution are unspecified (production via misalignment or cosmic strings is only sketched, distribution_function_available unknown), so the normalization of the dark-photon injection rate that feeds every downstream observable is undetermined within the model itself.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the milli-eV scalar's relic abundance for the misalignment and cosmic-string production channels as a function of (m_a, f_a) using standard axion-like-particle abundance formulae, and record the resulting Omega_a(m_a, f_a) relation as a card-level input to the decay-rate step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_02993_anthropic_fuzzy_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anthropic fuzzy axion dark matter from inflationary Brownian misalignment", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.02993", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from the anthropic Brownian-misalignment ensemble (H_I, f_phi, drift-set initial angle distribution) to a predicted isocurvature amplitude for recasting against published CMB isocurvature bounds is not derived in reusable form; existing Planck isocurvature constraints assume standard single-angle misalignment.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the axion isocurvature power spectrum for the Brownian quasi-de Sitter initial condition as a function of (H_I, f_phi, Omega_phi/Omega_dm), feed it through the AxionCAMB isocurvature module, and recast the Planck CDI-mode likelihood onto the model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_06243_hidden_vector_coherent_oscillation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden vector coherent oscillation dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.06243", "score": 29, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card gives no linear structure-formation characterization: whether the oscillating vector condensate behaves as CDM on observable scales, its effective sound speed/quantum-pressure cutoff, and any transfer-function suppression are all marked unknown, so no matter-power observable can be forward-modeled.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective fluid equations for the oscillating vector condensate (transverse plus longitudinal components) in the Compton-wavelength-averaged limit, obtain the transfer function and effective Jeans scale as a function of m, and implement them as a species in CLASS following existing ultralight-scalar (axionCAMB-style) treatments generalized to spin 1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07943_mixed_axion_adm_higgs_decay_v1", "model_name": "Mixed axion and asymmetric dark matter from Higgs dark matter decay", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07943", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mixed inventory (6 eV thermal hot axions with Omega about 0.32, 3.2e-2 eV coherent warm axions, 5 GeV ADM) has no derived phase-space distribution functions or transfer-function inputs, so the claimed BBN-to-CMB bookkeeping cannot be promoted to a CLASS/CAMB run against precision cosmology.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the momentum distributions for the thermal axion (standard thermal relic f(q)) and the coherent warm component, implement them as ncdm species with a CDM ADM component in CLASS, and run against the Planck likelihood to test the claimed Omega_axionHDM about 0.32, which is in strong tension with existing hot-dark-matter bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_fast_decaying_axino_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fast-decaying axino gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The coldness of the decay-produced gravitino population is asserted only through the order-of-magnitude T_NR ~ keV estimate; the phase-space distribution f(q) of gravitinos from TeV-scale axino decays is not derived, so the claimed CDM-like transfer function is unverified at the boundary of Region III.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the two-body decay-produced gravitino momentum distribution from the frozen thermal axino population (analytic for axino -> gravitino + axion), tabulate f(q), and feed it to the CLASS non-cold-dark-matter (ncdm) module to compute the transfer function and confirm where in the m_axino-m_3/2 plane the suppression scale stays below observable scales.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_fast_decaying_axino_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fast-decaying axino gravitino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The saxion overclosure, BBN, and dark-radiation checks are recorded as external requirements (recasting_needed yes) with no computed saxion abundance, lifetime, or branching history for this setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the coherent-oscillation and thermal saxion abundance and decay widths as functions of f_a and the SUSY-breaking scale, then propagate the entropy injection and Delta N_eff through the region scan against Planck N_eff and BBN bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2109_01678_ultralight_axion_dark_su3_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight axion dark matter from a dark SU(3)d confining phase transition", "family": "ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.01678", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Ly-alpha lower bound on ULA mass applies only to canonical ULA transfer functions; no model-specific transfer function exists for an axion whose mass turns on at the T_d ~ 10 keV confinement transition, so the critical small-scale-structure constraint at m_a ~ 1e-20 eV cannot be applied as a hard exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Modify axionCAMB or AxiCLASS to include the late mass generation at the dark confinement epoch, compute the resulting transfer function, and recast the existing Ly-alpha forest ULA analysis onto the (m_a, f_a, Lambda_a) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13407_explicit_chiral_axion_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Explicit chiral-breaking axion-neutrino misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13407", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The late first-order transition window (z ~ 37-385) is established only by comparing vacuum energies; no bubble-nucleation rate or tunneling action has been computed for the Higgs-axion-destabilized potential, so whether and when the transition actually completes is undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the O(3)/O(4) bounce action for V_eff(a,T) with a tunneling solver such as CosmoTransitions across the (M, lambda, g, m_a, f) parameter space, mapping where the nucleation rate exceeds Hubble in the 0.1 MeV to 0.01 eV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13407_explicit_chiral_axion_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Explicit chiral-breaking axion-neutrino misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13407", "score": 26.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-induced ALP-neutrino coupling bounds from rare-meson/collider data are derived for ALP masses above ~100 MeV and cannot be applied to this sub-eV misalignment axion without a dedicated recast of the loop-level EFT matching to the light-axion regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Rederive the loop-induced charged-lepton and electroweak constraints on the m0 nu_L nu_R exp(i a/f) operator in the sub-eV axion mass regime and translate them into limits on (m0, f) directly comparable to the fifth-force prediction G/G_N.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13407_spontaneous_chiral_axion_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneous chiral-breaking axion-neutrino misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13407", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No perturbation model exists that maps the late (z ~ 37-385) first-order axion-sector transition onto a post-recombination matter perturbation source term (bubble/fluctuation spectrum), so the paper's central structure-formation claim is only qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the density-fluctuation power spectrum sourced by bubble nucleation and collision in the finite-temperature axion-neutrino potential, parameterized by transition redshift, latent heat, and bubble size, following standard first-order-phase-transition perturbation treatments.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_04906_so10_pq_model_31_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) U(1)_PQ Model 3.1 scalar-singlet axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.04906", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The domain-wall number and PQ-quality-protecting discrete symmetry of the singlet-S realization are not derived on the card, so the post-inflationary branch of the abundance prediction (string-wall fate, minicluster phenomenology) cannot be specified even in principle.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive N_DW and the accidental/discrete PQ-protecting symmetry explicitly for the SO(10)-singlet-S charge assignment (following the paper's anomaly conventions) and record which PQ histories are self-consistent before wiring in a relic calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04677_qcd_axion_strings_post_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary QCD axion dark matter from string-network radiation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04677", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No validated extrapolation scheme exists for taking the simulated axion emission spectrum shape q(log m_r/H) from accessible scale separations (log ~ 6-8) to the physical QCD axion regime (log ~ 70), which changes the relic abundance by orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and calibrate a large-log extrapolation model: fit the log-dependence of the spectral index q and string density xi across an extended suite of AMR simulations, with an effective-string (Nambu-Goto plus backreaction) analytic model to anchor the asymptotic behavior, and propagate the fit uncertainty as a band on Omega_a h2(m_a).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_05064_koto_scalar_p_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "KOTO two-scalar P dark matter", "family": "light_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05064", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SN1987A constraint is an order-of-magnitude rescaling of axion cooling bounds rather than a dedicated calculation: the emission of scalars coupled to d/s quark bilinears from a protoneutron star (including trapping at larger couplings) has not been derived for this model, so the excluded low-mass P band has unquantified boundaries.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the P and S emissivity from nucleon bremsstrahlung and pion conversion in a protoneutron-star profile, including the trapping regime, following modern SN1987A axion-coupling analyses, to replace the cross-section-rescaling estimate with a defensible cooling bound in the (m_P, Lambda) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_15920_long_lived_axion_domain_wall_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived axion domain wall dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.15920", "score": 25.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from the nonthermal post-decay axion spectrum (peaks near k ~ m_a and k ~ 3.68 m_a) to late-time small-scale structure - transfer function, minihalo mass function - is not computed, leaving the minihalo observable and all structure-formation fields unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Evolve the simulated post-decay axion density field to matter-radiation equality with linear perturbation theory plus a Press-Schechter (or N-body) treatment of the O(1) isocurvature overdensities to predict a minihalo mass function, following existing axion-miniclusters pipelines.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_00669_nonrelativistic_axion_eft_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonrelativistic axion EFT dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.00669", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The stationary nonrelativistic EFT does not capture relativistic axion emission or collapse of dense axion stars, so the dense-star equation-of-state target cannot be followed through instability without additional theory input.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the axion-number-violating and relativistic corrections to the EFT (or match directly to relativistic field simulations of the chiral potential, GRChombo-style) to describe emission and collapse of dense condensates beyond the stationary approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_13337_large_extra_dimension_kk_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-extra-dimension Kaluza-Klein axion dark matter with trapped solar modes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13337", "score": 25, "severity": "unknown", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The primordial cosmological relic abundance and present-day phase-space distribution of the KK axion tower are not derived (card marks relic density, free-streaming, transfer function, and all structure-formation entries unknown, with high extrapolation risk), so the model cannot be assessed as a full dark-matter candidate or evaluated against any cosmological or structure-formation observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the early-universe production (misalignment plus thermal emission into the KK tower) and mode-by-mode decay history to obtain Omega_a(f_PQ, R, delta) and f(p) today, then map the resulting mixed cold-plus-keV component onto a non-cold-relic transfer function computable with a Boltzmann code supporting multiple massive relics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_07462_hidden_axion_saxion_decay_v1", "model_name": "Hidden axion dark matter from saxion decay", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07462", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear transfer function has been computed for the nonthermal, decay-produced axion momentum distribution from saxion decay; the card explicitly warns that thermal-WDM mass mappings are misleading, so the free-streaming proxy L_fs cannot be converted into a defensible power-spectrum cutoff.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the two-body decay phase-space distribution f(q) for saxion-produced axions (delta-function injection at p = m_s/2 redshifted through the decay epoch) and feed it to the CLASS/CAMB non-cold-relic (ncdm) module with a tabulated distribution to compute the model-specific transfer function over the (m_a, m_s, f_a) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1104_0692_cosmologically_stable_axino_codm_v1", "model_name": "Cosmologically stable axino-gravitino co-dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axion_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1104.0692", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The saxion sector is unconstrained by any computed history: the saxion overclosure, BBN, and Delta N_eff checks are recorded as external requirements (recasting_needed yes) with no derivation of the saxion abundance, lifetime, or decay branchings for this supersymmetric QCD axion setup.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the coherent-oscillation and thermal saxion abundance and its decay widths (to gluons, axions, Higgses) as functions of f_a and the SUSY-breaking scale, then propagate the resulting entropy injection and Delta N_eff through the same region scan and compare to Planck N_eff and BBN bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1708_05008_qcd_axion_dark_photon_depletion_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark-photon depletion model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1708.05008", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No perturbation calculation exists through the depletion epoch: the amplified small-scale axion power P_a(k) and its evolution into minicluster seeds, and the residual isocurvature spectrum, are only qualitative in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mode-by-mode axion perturbation evolution through tachyonic production (linearized around the lattice background from gap_1), then feed the resulting P_a(k) into standard minicluster mass-function machinery (Press-Schechter on the enhanced spectrum or N-body seeding runs).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_08820_emergent_strong_cp_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Emergent strong-CP vector dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.08820", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No concrete nonthermal production calculation exists for the ultralight vector: the card gives no abundance calculation, no momentum distribution, and only mentions a generic tachyonic instability, so the relic density and the input to any structure-formation transfer calculation are undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the relic abundance and initial power spectrum for at least one explicit production mechanism (e.g. tachyonic instability from a dark-Higgs sector or misalignment-like vector production), yielding the initial conditions needed by a transfer-function calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2211_15967_electroweak_axion_fuzzy_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electroweak axion mixed fuzzy and cold dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.15967", "score": 23.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The proton-decay rates implied by the B+L-breaking operators that generate the EW axion mass are not derived for this model: branching ratios and operator coefficients as functions of the flavor charges and gravitino mass are delegated to cited work, so the nucleon-decay prediction cannot be confronted with data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective proton-decay operators from the model's B+L-breaking terms with the paper's flavor-symmetry charges, evaluate rates with standard lattice/chiral-Lagrangian nucleon matrix elements, and compare channel-by-channel with published Super-Kamiokande limits and JUNO/Hyper-K sensitivities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06893_dark_inflaxion_v1", "model_name": "Dark inflaxion", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06893", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The isocurvature perturbation spectrum of the frozen a0 mode during a1-driven inflation has not been derived, even though a light spectator ALP at H_* ~ 5e12 GeV generically acquires isocurvature fluctuations that Planck constrains; the card flags multifield/isocurvature effects as unresolved.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the a0 isocurvature power (H_*/2pi fluctuations mapped through the misalignment abundance) including the KK-mixing correlation between a0 and a1 initial values, and confront it with the Planck cold-DM isocurvature bound to cut the viable (g_a, initial displacement) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_03928_primordial_magnetic_field_alp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axionlike-particle dark matter produced by primordial magnetic fields", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.03928", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The ALP momentum distribution f(p) produced by photon-axion conversion in the evolving PMF background is not tabulated (the card only records that ALPs inherit the photon temperature at conversion, T_phi/T about 0.33), so the linear transfer function and free-streaming cutoff cannot be computed with a Boltzmann code; no thermal-WDM mapping is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) by integrating the conversion rate over the PMF history for a grid of (m_phi, g, B_i, lambda_i), tabulate it, and feed it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold-dark-matter (ncdm) tabulated phase-space distribution to obtain the transfer function and half-mode scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_07232_susy_dfsz_late_decaying_gravitino_axino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ late-decaying gravitino/axino dark matter", "family": "superwimp_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07232", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN safety of the late decay rests on the unrelaxable assumption that the axionic final state dominates; the subdominant branching into visible SM particles (via Higgs/Higgsino mixing) has not been derived for this model, so the BBN/CMB energy-injection bound on the lifetime contours cannot be checked even though generic injection tools exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gravitino/axino branching fractions into electromagnetic and hadronic final states from the DFSZ couplings and feed them into an existing energy-injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS for BBN, ExoCLASS/DarkAges for CMB) to bound the allowed lifetime-branching region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2109_04476_thermal_misalignment_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-misalignment scalar dark matter", "family": "thermal_misalignment_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.04476", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The linear transfer function of the thermally-misaligned scalar is not computed (card lists transfer_function_shape as unknown), so its deviation from canonical fuzzy-DM suppression across the 10^-22 eV to keV mass range cannot be verified before applying small-scale-structure bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Run axionCAMB or AxiCLASS over the model's scalar-mass range, checking that the late thermal-misalignment production leaves the standard ULA transfer function unchanged, and tabulate half-mode scales for the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_03518_corrected_alp_pq_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with radiative, thermal, and geometric PQ-field corrections", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.03518", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The warm-axion phase-space distribution f(p) and the resulting linear transfer function for the source-specific nonthermal spectrum have not been derived (transfer_function_shape is unknown and the card states no transfer function was computed), so small-scale suppression cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract f(p) from the production simulation (gap_1) and feed it to CLASS as a non-cold-dark-matter species alongside a CDM component, tabulating transfer functions and half-mode scales versus warm fraction and axion mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_12154_qcd_axion_hybrid_inflation_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hybrid-inflation dark matter", "family": "axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12154", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axion isocurvature power P_S and thermal-axion Delta N_eff in this construction are not computed to a form that can be compared with CMB limits; the card structures isocurvature as a required recast with no likelihood-ready prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the isocurvature transfer of the light QCD-axion direction from the perturbation solution of gap_1, compute the CDM isocurvature fraction as a function of f_a, H_inf, and theta_i near pi, add the thermal-axion Delta N_eff from standard gluon-scattering production rates, and feed both into the Planck isocurvature/N_eff likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0810_4421_scale_invariant_vector_field_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Locally scale-invariant vector-field cold dark matter", "family": "modified_gravity_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0810.4421", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No linear cosmological perturbation theory exists for the Weyl-vector CDM component: the paper works only at the homogeneous FRW level with time-averaged S_i oscillations, so the effective sound speed, anisotropic stress, and gravitational slip of the oscillating vector field are underived, and no Einstein-Boltzmann code (CLASS/CAMB or any scalar-vector-tensor extension) implements this locally scale-invariant theory.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linearized field equations for perturbations of phi, S_mu, and the metric about the oscillating background, time-average them to obtain an effective-fluid description (sound speed c_s^2(k,a) and anisotropic stress, analogous to the ultra-light axion / coherent-field treatments), and implement that effective fluid as a new species in CLASS or hi_class alongside a background ODE solver for H(a) with subleading oscillation corrections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_01509_axion_quark_nugget_solar_flare_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter with solar-flare triggering", "family": "macroscopic_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01509", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nugget baryon-charge distribution — a required input listed in the route's code resources — is not derived: predictions currently assume ad hoc distributions peaking near B ~ 1e25 within the allowed 1e23-1e28 window, and the constraint card warns that transient rates must be evaluated over a mass distribution rather than a single B.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive a calibrated B-distribution from AQN formation modeling (axion domain-wall collapse at the QCD transition), parameterize it with a small number of shape parameters consistent with the macroscopic-DM constraint window, and propagate it as a prior through the solar-transient pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06741_gravity_reheating_qcd_axion_relic_v1", "model_name": "Gravity-reheating QCD axion relic", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.06741", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB isocurvature constraint has not been derived for this specific gravity-reheating history: the quoted bound (E_I above 3.8e14 GeV excluded for f_a = 1e16 GeV) comes from a generic pre-inflationary PQ-breaking mapping, not from the axion abundance and H_inf relation of this model, so the complementarity claim cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the axion isocurvature amplitude using this model's misalignment abundance (with its reheating-modified T_osc) and inflation scale, then evaluate it against the Planck uncorrelated CDM isocurvature likelihood (standard CLASS/CAMB + Planck chains machinery) over the (f_a, theta_i, xi, T_rh) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_5417_majoron_axion_cold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Majoron-axion cold dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.5417", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The two-loop Majoron-axion couplings to photons, quarks, and gluons are only schematic estimates that neglect some gauge/Goldstone contributions and use unspecified neutrino Yukawa and Majorana mass matrices, so f_a and g_a cannot be computed reliably for any concrete parameter point.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform the complete loop evaluation of the effective a-gamma-gamma, a-q-q, and a-G-Gtilde vertices including gauge and Goldstone diagrams for representative benchmark Yukawa/Majorana matrices consistent with observed neutrino masses, and publish the resulting f_a(M, Y_nu) mapping as reusable analytic formulas or a small numerical package.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_5417_majoron_axion_cold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Majoron-axion cold dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.5417", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance calculation exists for the Majoron-axion: the cold-dark-matter claim rests on standard axion reasoning by analogy, with no misalignment (or other production) computation for m_axion ~ 1e-8 eV with Majorana scale near M_W, and no isocurvature or string/domain-wall analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the standard misalignment formalism (temperature-dependent mass from the nonperturbative estimate, initial displacement scan) to compute Omega_a h^2 over the (M, m_axion) plane, including pre/post-inflationary scenario branches and isocurvature/topological-defect contributions, and encode it in an existing axion relic calculator or a short standalone code.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_2420_ussm_a_neutralino_gauged_axion_v1", "model_name": "USSM-A neutralino dark matter with gauged axion", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.2420", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gauged-axion sector lacks a worked cosmology: the physical axion mass depends on an unspecified extra potential, and no misalignment-abundance, defect-history, or axion-photon-coupling calculation exists for the Stueckelberg gauged axion in this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gauged-axion mass and effective photon coupling from the Im b F F operator for representative UV potentials, then compute the misalignment relic contribution and defect constraints with standard axion-cosmology machinery (e.g. adapt AxionLimits-style coupling conventions and a misalignment solver).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_4138_pq_leptoquark_diquark_mixed_axion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Peccei-Quinn leptoquark-diquark mixed axion-WIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4138", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axion relic fraction rests on the simple misalignment estimate with reheating below F_a; no computation of the coupled axion-WIMP thermal history (entropy release from the PQ sector, Delta N_eff, radial-mode decays) exists to make the mixed-fraction prediction robust across the F_a window.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled Boltzmann system for the axion, radial PQ scalar, and scalar WIMP by adapting an existing axion relic code (e.g. a MiMeS-style misalignment solver extended with entropy injection), scanning F_a, theta_a, and T_R.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_02122_kalb_ramond_gravitational_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kalb-Ramond gravitational axion dark matter from heavy sterile fermions", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.02122", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmological production history or relic-abundance calculation exists for the KR gravitational axion: the initial misalignment, the temperature dependence of the RHN-induced one-loop potential, and the resulting Omega_axion and isocurvature amplitude have never been derived, so the DM candidacy rests only on vacuum-lifetime viability.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the post-leptogenesis thermal history of the KR-axion potential (when the RHN-induced mass turns on relative to H), then compute misalignment production and isocurvature with a standard ALP relic solver (e.g. a MiMeS-style oscillation code) fed with the model's V(b,T).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1503_02953_dfsz_axion_higgs_model_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axion-Higgs model with small singlet-doublet coupling", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.02953", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No axion relic-abundance calculation exists for this card: the route lists 'axion relic fraction' as a derived quantity and 'initial axion abundance' as an input, but no forward-model step computes the misalignment (plus possible string/domain-wall) production, so full-DM viability versus f_a cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a relic-abundance step using standard misalignment formulas or a public solver such as MiMeS, covering both pre- and post-inflationary PQ-breaking scenarios over the allowed f_a >= 1e9 GeV range, and record the resulting Omega_a h^2(f_a, theta_i).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_02080_axiogenesis_rotating_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Axiogenesis rotating QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.02080", "score": 20.1, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PQ-charge-to-baryon conversion coefficient c_B is only bracketed (0.1-0.15 times c_W) and no finite-temperature sphaleron transport calculation is attached, leaving an order-one uncertainty that propagates directly into both Y_B and the axion abundance target.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive c_B by solving the coupled transport equations for PQ charge, quark chiral asymmetries, and B+L near T_ws, adapting existing electroweak-baryogenesis transport machinery, including the crossing of Yukawa-equilibration thresholds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2008_10650_331_svs_invisible_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal SVS 3-3-1 invisible axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.10650", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No misalignment relic-abundance calculation exists for this specific 3-3-1 axion, so the local axion dark-matter fraction entering haloscope power estimates is undetermined; the card explicitly flags that the relic-density calculation for the model was not performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the standard vacuum-misalignment relic formula with the QCD axion mass-temperature relation to the model's f_a ~ v_phi in the 10^9-10^12 GeV range, scanning the initial misalignment angle to derive the axion fraction that normalizes haloscope signal predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0810_3625_so10_axion_gut_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) GUT inflation model with axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0810.3625", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axion relic abundance for this SO(10) construction is never actually derived: the card fixes only M_B-L ~ 10^11-10^12 GeV, with calculation_type unknown, no misalignment-angle treatment, no pre- versus post-inflationary PQ-breaking determination given the GUT-scale inflation, and no isocurvature check against the same CMB data used for n_s.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive Omega_a h^2 with the standard misalignment formula (plus string/domain-wall contributions if PQ breaks after inflation) as a function of M_B-L using an existing axion relic code such as MiMeS, determine whether PQ breaking precedes the model's ~10^16 GeV inflation, and evaluate the resulting axion isocurvature amplitude against Planck limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1606_02389_hidden_pq_higgs_axion_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Hidden Peccei-Quinn Higgs double-field axion-inflation model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1606.02389", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axion relic abundance under this model's nonstandard pre-QCD dynamics — a time-dependent effective PQ scale and explicit PQ-violating terms active early — has not been derived, so the claimed escape from the f_a < 1e12 GeV overclosure bound is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and solve the misalignment equation of motion with the model's f_a(t) history and early explicit PQ-breaking potential, extending a standard semi-analytic axion relic module (temperature-dependent QCD axion mass from lattice susceptibility) to time-dependent f_a, and map the viable (f_a, theta_i) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_scalar_coherent_oscillation_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-induced scalar coherent-oscillation dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No derived mapping exists from the Starobinsky-specific production (Hubble-induced displacement via negative nonminimal coupling with a quartic-dominated early oscillation phase) to effective initial conditions for an ultralight-axion Boltzmann solver, so the scale-dependent-growth transfer function in the fuzzy regime cannot be computed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective misalignment angle, oscillation-onset epoch, and equation-of-state history (quartic-to-mass transition) as functions of (m_X, xi_X, lambda_X), then feed them as initial conditions to AxiCLASS (or CLASS with a fluid approximation) to obtain the linear power suppression for the 10^-19 eV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_09299_axion_kination_kinetic_misalignment_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion kination dark matter from kinetic misalignment", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.09299", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The warmness constraint that excludes part of the kinetic-misalignment parameter space is only an estimate: no distribution function or linear transfer function exists for axion dark matter produced by rotation fragmentation, so the boundary of the viable dark-matter region is imprecise.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the axion momentum distribution from rotation fragmentation (lattice simulation of the rotating complex field or analytic parametric-resonance treatment) and map it to a transfer-function cutoff in a Boltzmann code to replace the order-of-magnitude warmness bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_02399_majoron_inverse_seesaw_dim6_v1", "model_name": "Dimension-six extended-inverse-seesaw Majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02399", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance calculation exists for the Majoron in this model: the card records that the paper never performs the freeze-out computation (full_or_subcomponent unknown), leaving the normalization of all late-decay and portal signals undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the extended scalar sector in FeynRules/CalcHEP and compute the Majoron abundance with micrOMEGAs for the Higgs-portal freeze-out regime (and a misalignment/freeze-in treatment for ultralight benchmarks), mapping Omega_J h^2 over (m_J, theta_h, v_sigma).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_07406_minimal_pq_axion_texture_zero_v1", "model_name": "Minimal PQ axion model for five-texture-zero fermion mass matrices", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07406", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific relic-abundance calculation exists for this texture-zero PQ model: the domain-wall number implied by its non-universal PQ charges has not been computed, and the abundance is quoted only through generic invisible-axion misalignment bounds (3e9 GeV < f_a < 1e12 GeV) rather than a benchmark computation over the model's full 0.8e6-2.8e17 GeV f_a window.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute N_DW and the color/electromagnetic anomaly coefficients from the four-doublet PQ charge assignment, then evaluate the misalignment relic density for the pre-inflationary case and apply published string-domain-wall network simulation results for the post-inflationary case, flagging the N_DW > 1 domain-wall-problem region explicitly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_12118_adr_sterile_neutrino_axion_like_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like dark matter coupled to ADR sterile neutrinos", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.12118", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic abundance of the axion-like condensate is never computed: the card treats the dark-matter background as an assumed input (phi_0, m_phi), so whether the scalar can constitute all of dark matter, and its linear structure-formation behavior, are unevaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform the standard misalignment relic calculation for the scalar (Omega_phi from phi_0 and m_phi), including any back-reaction from the feeble sterile coupling, and check the resulting (m_phi, phi_0) region against the values needed for sterile-mass suppression; for ultra-light m_phi, evaluate the linear transfer function with an ULDM Boltzmann code such as axionCAMB.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1207_1128_axionic_see_saw_v1", "model_name": "Axionic see-saw multi-axion dark matter framework", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1207.1128", "score": 18.8, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axionic see-saw specifies the Lambda_1-Lambda_4 potential hierarchy but not the cosmological initial conditions (inflationary scale H_infl, initial misalignment angles, PQ-breaking epoch relative to inflation, topological-defect content) needed to turn the four-axion system into a unique prediction for Omega_a h^2 and the isocurvature fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the coupled evolution of the four mass-eigenstate axions during and after inflation for the see-saw potential, parameterized by H_infl and the initial angle vector, producing the misalignment abundance and isocurvature amplitude as explicit functions of the Lambda_i hierarchy that can be fed to axionCAMB and a Planck isocurvature likelihood run.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_11779_u1x_pq_dfsz_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-universal U(1)_X Peccei-Quinn DFSZ axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.11779", "score": 18.3, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The normalized axion coupling table for this non-universal U(1)_X charge assignment (electromagnetic and color anomaly coefficients E/N and DFSZ-like axion-electron/nucleon couplings) has not been derived, so the candidate cannot be placed on standard axion mass-coupling exclusion plots or compared to haloscope/helioscope limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the orthogonalized PQ current and anomaly coefficients from the paper's charge restrictions and VEV hierarchy following DFSZ conventions, publish the resulting (m_a, g_agamma, g_ae, g_aN) table, and overlay it on standard axion limit compilations (e.g., the AxionLimits database).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1607_04294_dynamical_decay_constant_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with a dynamical decay constant", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.04294", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance and perturbation-spectrum calculation is implemented for misalignment production with a time-dependent decay constant f(a) ~ a^-n: the standard misalignment formula does not apply because the kinetic term f(t)^2 (partial theta)^2 evolves between inflation and the QCD epoch, including anharmonic hilltop effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a standard axion misalignment solver (mode-by-mode integration of the axion equation of motion with the temperature-dependent QCD mass) to include a power-law f(a) kinetic coefficient, outputting Omega_a h^2 and the enhanced axion perturbation spectrum over (f0/N, f_inf/f0, n, theta_i, H_inf).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701011_axino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "axino LSP superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701011", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card provides no Lagrangian and unknown portals for the axino, so the mapping from model parameters (axion decay constant f_a, axino mass, NLSP identity) to the NLSP lifetime and electromagnetic/hadronic branching fractions that all cosmological constraints depend on is not derived; the route currently treats tau_NLSP as a free input.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive NLSP-to-axino partial widths and branching fractions from the standard KSVZ/DFSZ axino-gaugino-gauge-boson effective couplings for the neutralino and slepton NLSP cases, and add them as an analytic front-end step feeding tau_NLSP into the existing chain.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_mirrored_dirac_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored Dirac neutrino dark matter with B-prime-minus-L-prime annihilation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The precise Delta N_eff contribution from mirror-sector decoupling through the heavy axion portal (and from a light unbroken B'-L' gauge boson) is not calculated; the card only cites a qualitative M_a > 1 GeV bound to avoid BBN/CMB dark-radiation tension.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mirror-sector decoupling temperature as a function of M_a and f_a, compute the entropy-diluted mirror bath temperature and resulting Delta N_eff (including a light B'-L' boson when unbroken), and compare against Planck and BBN Delta N_eff posteriors.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17099_type_x_2hdm_axion_like_v1", "model_name": "Type-X extended 2HDM axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17099", "score": 9.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Type-X ALP mass, couplings, and lifetime are underived: without the QCD gluon anomaly the pseudoscalar's potential must come from the model's Planck-suppressed PQ-violating operators, but no explicit m_a(F_a) relation, photon/lepton couplings, or decay-width calculation exists, blocking both the misalignment abundance and the cosmological-stability check.", "proposed_resolution": "Enumerate the leading Planck-suppressed PQ-violating operators allowed by the Type-X charge assignment and U(1)_{B_i-L_i}, derive m_a and the ALP-photon/lepton couplings from them, compute the decay width to check cosmological stability, and only then run the standard ALP misalignment formula against the Planck relic-density band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 25, "rank_structure_formation": 20}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Milky Way satellite / subhalo-count likelihood", "n_gaps": 50, "n_models": 50, "weight": 1430.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 48, "weight_structure_formation": 1384.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 32, "blocks_key_observables": 17, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 48, "major_program": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2305_15736_heavy_scalar_decay_nonthermal_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-scalar-decay non-thermal warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.15736", "score": 50.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear predictions (subhalo mass function, satellite counts) rely on thermal-WDM-calibrated simulations through an approximate half-mode-scale matching; no N-body simulations exist for the broader, higher-momentum-peaked decay-produced spectra, so the mapping's validity outside the studied f(q) grid is uncontrolled.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of cosmological N-body simulations initialized with the modified-CLASS nonthermal transfer functions (and thermal velocities drawn from f(q)) for a few benchmark m_nonthermal values, and calibrate the subhalo mass function against the thermal-WDM equivalents to validate or correct the half-mode mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_03203_two_state_inelastic_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-state inelastic self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03203", "score": 46.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "All existing simulations for this benchmark are dark-matter-only; the card notes baryonic feedback is a major missing ingredient for mapping the predicted cores and satellite depletion onto observed Milky Way dwarfs.", "proposed_resolution": "Run zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-like halos with the inelastic two-state scattering module coupled to an established galaxy-formation model (e.g. Auriga/IllustrisTNG physics in Arepo), spanning the benchmark (sigma/m, Delta/m_chi) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_11889_neutrino_nugget_simple_cdm_transition_v1", "model_name": "Early mass-varying sterile-neutrino nugget dark matter, simple CDM-transition variant", "family": "sterile_neutrino_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.11889", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear collapse of the unstable sterile-neutrino fluid into nuggets is not simulated anywhere; the sharp small-scale cutoff in the matter power spectrum and the halo/subhalo mass function effects are only discussed qualitatively, so the shape and scale of the cutoff transfer function are uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dedicated simulations of the scalar-mediated instability (coupled fermion-fluid plus scalar-field dynamics, e.g. an adapted cosmological hydrodynamics or N-body plus scalar solver) to obtain the post-formation nugget mass spectrum and the calibrated cutoff transfer function as a function of m_phi and z_F.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_02847_multiple_sm_sector_dissipative_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark matter from multiple Standard Model sectors", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.02847", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No cosmological hydrodynamic simulations exist for the N_sec-copy dissipative dark sector, so satellite abundance/planarity, the field-galaxy velocity function, and baryon-correlated halo structure predictions rest on idealized steady-state arguments (the card marks simulation_calibrated partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a galaxy-formation hydrodynamics code (e.g. GIZMO or AREPO) with a second dissipative fluid carrying dark-electromagnetic cooling and kinetic-mixing supernova heating, and run zoom-in simulations of Milky-Way-like and dwarf halos across the N_sec, epsilon parameter plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_05318_dark_dimension_kk_graviton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark Dimension KK-graviton dark matter", "family": "extra_dimension_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.05318", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No N-body simulations or calibrated nonlinear prescription exist for kick-velocity dark gravitons, which the paper states is beyond its scope; this forces the conservative linear-scale cut (k_NL,0 ~ 0.09 Mpc^-1) in the KiDS analysis and blocks any subhalo or Milky-Way satellite predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with initial conditions and late-time velocity kicks matching the tower decay history (in the style of existing decaying-DM recoil simulations), calibrate a halofit-like nonlinear correction and subhalo mass-function suppression versus v0, enabling full-scale weak-lensing and satellite-count likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_1071_neutrino_portal_secluded_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino portal secluded dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1071", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The combined effect of a damped initial power spectrum plus velocity-dependent self-interactions (1-10 cm^2/g at dwarf velocities) on satellite counts, subhalo mass functions, and dwarf central densities is uncalibrated by simulations for this model class.", "proposed_resolution": "Run ETHOS-style N-body simulations with the model's truncated transfer function and a velocity-dependent SIDM cross section to calibrate the subhalo mass function and core-size relations, then fit a semi-analytic halo-response model for parameter scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_08943_hidden_dark_matter_hidm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden dark matter cosmology (HiDM)", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08943", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No N-body simulations calibrate the nonlinear (sub)halo mass function for HiDM initial conditions (the card states simulation_calibrated: no), so the transition-dependent suppression mass scale M_sup and satellite/lensing predictions rest on linear-theory extrapolation.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of cosmological N-body simulations (with thermal-velocity or suppressed-power initial conditions drawn from the HiDM transfer functions) spanning R_eq^T, and fit a halo/subhalo mass-function suppression formula analogous to existing WDM calibrations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_pseudoscalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from the linear DAO cutoff to nonlinear halo and subhalo mass functions is not simulation-calibrated for this model (card: simulation_calibrated no); existing ETHOS N-body calibrations cover only a few benchmark parameter points, not this pseudoscalar-mediator parameter region.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of ETHOS-style cosmological zoom simulations spanning the model's T_kd/M_cut range and fit a (sub)halo mass-function suppression formula in terms of the DAO scale and damping envelope, enabling satellite-count predictions without per-point simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_pseudovector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Pseudovector-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from the linear cutoff mass M_cut to nonlinear subhalo and dwarf-satellite abundances is not simulation-calibrated for this model (simulation_calibrated: no; route caveat notes nonlinear halo predictions require additional simulations).", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized with the model's oscillatory suppressed power spectra across a grid of T_kd/M_cut values to calibrate the subhalo mass function and satellite counts, or validate an existing ETHOS-simulation-calibrated fitting function against this model's transfer-function shapes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from the linear cutoff mass M_cut to nonlinear subhalo and dwarf-satellite abundances is not simulation-calibrated for this model (simulation_calibrated: no; route caveat notes nonlinear halo predictions require additional simulations).", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized with the model's oscillatory suppressed power spectra across a grid of T_kd/M_cut values to calibrate the subhalo mass function and satellite counts, or validate an existing ETHOS-simulation-calibrated fitting function against this model's transfer-function shapes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_07624_hidden_neutrino_vector_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Vector-mediated neutrino-interacting Dirac dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_hidden_radiation", "arxiv": "1602.07624", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from the linear cutoff mass M_cut to nonlinear subhalo and dwarf-satellite abundances is not simulation-calibrated for this model (simulation_calibrated: no; route caveat notes nonlinear halo predictions require additional simulations).", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized with the model's oscillatory suppressed power spectra across a grid of T_kd/M_cut values to calibrate the subhalo mass function and satellite counts, or validate an existing ETHOS-simulation-calibrated fitting function against this model's transfer-function shapes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_13244_sfdm_tf_v1", "model_name": "Scalar field dark matter in the Thomas-Fermi self-interaction regime", "family": "self_interacting_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.13244", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological simulations of SFDM-TF structure formation exist to calibrate the halo mass function cutoff shape, the subhalo mass function, and the core-envelope profiles in realistic environments; existing results come from idealized isolated-collapse runs and the card leaves the full subhalo treatment to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological hydrodynamical-fluid simulations of SFDM-TF (Thomas-Fermi pressure added to a collisionless-Boltzmann or SPH solver, as in the paper's formalism) over a grid of R_TF from parsec to kiloparsec scales, calibrating the HMF filter/barrier, subhalo abundance, and core-envelope scaling used in steps s3 and s4.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_3278_partially_interacting_dark_atom_dao_v1", "model_name": "Partially interacting dark-atom dark matter with dark acoustic oscillations", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.3278", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear predictions for DAO-damped, oscillatory transfer functions are not supplied (nonlinear block 'partial', analysis restricted to k <= 0.12 h/Mpc), so quasi-linear and small-scale data cannot be used and the halo/subhalo mass function response below the DAO scale is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized with DAO transfer functions across a grid of (f_int, r_DAO, damping strength), and fit a halofit-style nonlinear correction plus halo mass function suppression that extends the usable k range beyond the linear cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_6374_exothermic_yukawa_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Exothermic Yukawa-potential interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6374", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No structure-formation simulations exist for exothermic self-interacting dark matter in this model's regime: N-body runs implementing velocity kicks from down-scattering are needed to predict low-mass-halo evaporation, core formation, and the subhalo mass function, which the card can only describe qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological zoom-in N-body simulations with a Monte Carlo inelastic-scattering module (extending existing SIDM implementations in AREPO or GADGET) over a grid in (sigma_T/m_chi, delta, excited-state fraction), calibrating a semi-analytic evaporation model against the runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2112_09337_multi_scalar_field_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi Scalar Field Dark Matter", "family": "multi_component_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.09337", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear structure-formation capability exists for multi-field ultralight scalar dark matter: existing Schrodinger-Poisson/fuzzy-DM simulation codes evolve a single field, so halo and subhalo mass functions, soliton structure with two interfering species of different m_i and fraction R, and a properly nonlinear Ly-alpha treatment are all unavailable, leaving constraints linear-only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public fuzzy-dark-matter solver (AxioNyx or PyUltraLight class) to N gravitationally coupled scalar fields with independent masses and density fractions, simulate representative (m_1, m_2, R) benchmarks, and calibrate halo mass functions and soliton profiles for use in small-scale-structure recasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_20513_kinetic_recoupling_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic recoupling dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.20513", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear predictions are uncalibrated: the card states halo and subhalo mass-function effects are expected to track the modified P(k) but no N-body simulations with recoupling initial conditions exist, so nonlinear probes (weak lensing, subhalo counts) can only be used approximately.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of cosmological N-body simulations seeded with recoupling transfer functions across the (T_kd, T_rec, T_kd_prime) grid to calibrate the halo/subhalo mass function and nonlinear power response, fit with a half-mode-style transfer parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0507300_dark_matter_from_early_decays_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter from early decays", "family": "decay_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0507300", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No N-body simulations are calibrated to the decay-produced nonthermal daughter spectrum, so subhalo abundance, concentration suppression, and the Q-limited constant-density cores are only qualitative expectations (the closest related simulations study late decays with 20-40 km/s kicks, not this early-decay regime).", "proposed_resolution": "Run WDM-style cosmological and Milky Way zoom N-body simulations with initial conditions from the decay-model transfer function plus thermal velocities drawn from the analytic f_DM(q), scanning (alpha_c, Q), and fit subhalo mass function and concentration-mass corrections.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_0067_u1_late_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) late-decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0067", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public simulation-calibrated mapping exists from (epsilon, tau_chi_star) to dwarf-cusp softening and subhalo disruption for this model's regime: the cited external simulations cover selected windows (epsilon ~ 5e-5 to 7e-5, tau ~ 1-30 Gyr) and the card's benchmark epsilon ~ 1e-5 lies in an uncalibrated small-kick regime, with baryonic feedback degeneracies unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run an N-body suite with two-body decays imparting v_kick = epsilon*c over a grid spanning epsilon ~ 1e-5 to 1e-4 and tau ~ 0.1-100 Gyr, and calibrate a halo-response emulator (profile change and subhalo mass function) including a baryonic-feedback comparison set.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1404_0236_mdm_u1x_cdm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "MDM U(1)_X cold dark matter with sterile-neutrino hot component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1404.0236", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nonlinear predictions are uncalibrated (simulation_calibrated: no): no N-body/SIDM simulations exist for the combined ~1e9 Msun protohalo cutoff and velocity-dependent self-interaction of this MeV-mediator model, so halo/subhalo mass function and cluster-consistency statements remain analytic targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Run ETHOS-style cosmological zoom simulations seeded with the gap_1 transfer functions and the model's velocity-dependent sigma(v)/m, calibrating the subhalo mass function and dwarf/cluster halo profiles for confrontation with Milky Way satellite and cluster data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_2690_sterile_neutrino_pion_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from pion decays after the QCD phase transition", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.2690", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The small-scale-structure prediction stops at a few-kpc free-streaming estimate: no nonlinear N-body calibration exists for halo/subhalo statistics of this low-momentum-enhanced nonthermal distribution, and no thermal-WDM mapping is provided.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute linear transfer functions from the tabulated f_s(q) with CLASS ncdm, fit a half-mode mass and effective thermal-WDM mapping, and validate against a small suite of nonthermal-WDM N-body simulations to calibrate the subhalo mass function used by satellite-count and lensing likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2008_09615_two_body_decaying_cdm_to_wdm_dr_v1", "model_name": "Two-body decaying cold dark matter to warm dark matter and dark radiation", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.09615", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear structure-formation pipeline exists for this scenario: subhalo abundance, concentration, and dwarf-galaxy limits on daughter kick speeds (v_k of 3e-5 to 2e-3 c over lifetimes up to about 100 Gyr) are only mapped qualitatively from linear theory, with no simulation-calibrated likelihood (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with two-body decay velocity kicks (extending existing decaying-DM simulation codes that inject v_k at rate Gamma) across the S8-favored region, calibrate a subhalo mass-function suppression model, and connect it to Milky Way satellite-count likelihoods with baryonic marginalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_08854_lmu_ltau_complex_scalar_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged L_mu-L_tau complex-scalar self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08854", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from this model's velocity-dependent cross section to actual halo core observables is only calibrated for generic SIDM: no simulations exist for the combined asymmetric-relic plus attractive/repulsive Yukawa regime of this L_mu-L_tau model, and the card records subhalo_mass_function_effect and simulation_calibrated as unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological zoom-in N-body simulations with the velocity-dependent Yukawa cross section sigma(v) predicted at the model's benchmark (m_Zprime ~ 10 MeV, q gprime set by relic abundance), calibrating core sizes and subhalo abundances against the existing constant-cross-section SIDM suites to validate the sigma_V/m mapping assumed in the constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2202_08854_lmu_ltau_dirac_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged L_mu-L_tau Dirac self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08854", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from this model's velocity-dependent cross section to actual halo core observables is only calibrated for generic SIDM: no simulations exist for the combined asymmetric-relic plus attractive/repulsive Yukawa regime of this L_mu-L_tau Dirac model, and the card records subhalo_mass_function_effect and simulation_calibrated as unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological zoom-in N-body simulations with the velocity-dependent Yukawa cross section sigma(v) predicted at the model's benchmark (m_Zprime ~ 10 MeV, q gprime set by relic abundance), calibrating core sizes and subhalo abundances against the existing constant-cross-section SIDM suites to validate the sigma_V/m mapping assumed in the constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_16532_one_to_one_mixed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "One-to-one resonantly produced mixed sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16532", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Subhalo abundance is estimated from the linear transfer function with a simple mass threshold; no nonlinear-simulation-calibrated subhalo mass function exists for mixed CDM plus resonantly-produced sterile spectra, making the Milky-Way satellite comparison unreliable near the viability boundary.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of zoom N-body simulations (or calibrate a semi-analytic model such as Galacticus/SatGen) over a grid of sterile fraction f and spectrum warmth, and fit a subhalo-mass-function suppression formula parameterized by the mixed transfer function shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_16532_three_to_one_mixed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-to-one resonantly produced mixed sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16532", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Subhalo abundance predictions for mixed CDM plus resonantly produced sterile spectra rest on a linear-power threshold estimate; no N-body-calibrated subhalo mass function or semi-analytic model is calibrated for these nonthermal mixed cold-warm transfer functions, and no thermal-WDM mapping is valid.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of cosmological zoom simulations (or recalibrate an existing semi-analytic subhalo model such as SatGen/Galacticus) using CLASS transfer functions for a grid of sterile fractions f and spectra, and fit a subhalo mass function correction as a function of f and spectral warmness.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0804_4543_numsm_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "nuMSM lepton-asymmetry resonant sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0804.4543", "score": 28.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure predictions (halo and subhalo mass functions) are uncalibrated for the strongly non-Fermi-Dirac resonant spectra; the paper explicitly states that simulations with the non-equilibrium spectra are still needed, so dwarf-halo and satellite-count comparisons rely on approximate thermal mappings.", "proposed_resolution": "Run WDM-style N-body simulations initialized with the exact resonant f(p)-derived transfer functions across the viable (M_1, n_L/s) grid and calibrate a subhalo-mass-function fitting formula usable in satellite and lensing likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1008_0992_relativistically_decoupled_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Relativistically decoupled warm dark matter with arbitrary distribution function", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.0992", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear simulation calibration exists for initial power spectra with WDM acoustic oscillations near k ~ 2 k_fs; halo and subhalo mass-function effects at the ~1e8 solar-mass scales the paper maps them to are uncalibrated, and existing WDM N-body suites use monotonic thermal cutoffs only.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of N-body (and hydrodynamic, for Ly-alpha) simulations initialized with oscillatory transfer functions drawn from the paper's formalism, including thermal velocities from the corresponding f_0(p), to calibrate halo/subhalo mass functions and provide the training set for the gap_1 emulator.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1312_1937_rrg_warm_dark_matter_photon_baryon_v1", "model_name": "Reduced Relativistic Gas warm dark matter with phenomenological photon-baryon interaction", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1312.1937", "score": 27.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The advertised small-scale power suppression from RRG warmness is only a qualitative motivation: no linear transfer function is computed on the card, no thermal-WDM mass mapping is valid, and no nonlinear simulation calibrates the halo or subhalo mass-function effect.", "proposed_resolution": "After the CLASS implementation of gap_1, compute the linear P(k) cutoff as a function of b, establish an effective mapping to the thermal-WDM half-mode scale, and calibrate the nonlinear halo/subhalo mass function with a small suite of N-body simulations using RRG initial transfer functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1409_1222_pure_sun_hidden_gluino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Pure SU(N)_x hidden gluino LSP", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.1222", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear effects of the late-coupled hidden gluino subcomponent on halo and subhalo mass functions are uncalibrated (simulation_calibrated: no), limiting the structure constraint to linear theory.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized from the modified transfer functions of the fractional interacting component (as done for ETHOS models) to calibrate halo and subhalo mass-function suppression versus f_x and the drag decoupling scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1603_05783_light_magnetic_dipole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light magnetic dipole dark matter", "family": "magnetic_dipole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05783", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The predicted protohalo cutoff at thousands of solar masses has no simulation-calibrated mapping from the damped linear power spectrum to surviving minihalo/subhalo abundances, so the small-scale observable cannot be confronted with substructure probes beyond the analytic M_min estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body zoom simulations (or recalibrate existing acoustic-damping-cutoff simulation suites of the ETHOS type) with initial conditions from the dipole late-KD transfer function to calibrate the minihalo mass function near M_min.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2108_02657_self_interacting_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting warm dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.02657", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear structure-formation simulations are calibrated for SI-WDM (the card records simulation_calibrated: no): halo and subhalo mass-function suppression is inferred from the linear cutoff by WDM analogy, and the combined effect of the modified linear spectrum plus late-time self-scattering at sigma/m up to 0.1 cm^2/g on halo profiles and substructure is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized from siwdm-class transfer functions with an SIDM scattering module (as in Arepo/Gadget SIDM implementations) using the model's velocity-dependent cross sections, and calibrate halo/subhalo mass functions and concentrations against the standard WDM and SIDM suites.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_09510_dark_su_n_scalar_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(N) scalar glueball dark matter", "family": "glueball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.09510", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation for glueball dark matter is uncalibrated: the card marks halo and subhalo mass-function effects as unknown with no simulation calibration, so the low-Lambda regime where cannibal (3-to-2) and elastic self-interactions are strong has no simulated predictions for halo profiles or small-scale structure.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological N-body simulations with SIDM modules extended to the glueball case (elastic self-scattering plus number-changing 3-to-2 interactions at low confinement scale) to calibrate halo profiles and subhalo mass functions across the viable Lambda-xi_T space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_08261_fading_dark_matter_swamp_tower_v1", "model_name": "Swampland-motivated fading dark matter", "family": "fading_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.08261", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated nonlinear model exists for the dark-sector attractive fifth force and late-time mass fading (the card lists simulation_calibrated: no and only qualitative statements about halos and satellite tidal tails), so S8/weak-lensing comparisons beyond linear theory and any small-scale predictions are uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with a scalar-mediated dark-sector fifth force and time-dependent particle masses (extending modified-gravity/coupled-quintessence N-body codes such as MG-Gadget- or ISIS/RAMSES-type solvers) and calibrate a halo-model or emulator correction for the nonlinear matter power spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0009003_nonthermal_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermally produced WIMP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0009003", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear consequences of the free-streaming cutoff (Local Group subhalo counts, inner halo smoothing) are asserted but uncalibrated; the paper itself states detailed halo effects require high-resolution simulations, and simulation_calibrated is 'no'.", "proposed_resolution": "Run WDM-style cosmological zoom N-body simulations seeded with the model's suppressed initial power spectra (handling artificial fragmentation as in modern WDM work) to calibrate the subhalo mass function and halo-profile response as a function of r_c.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_05678_cool_atomic_dark_matter_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Cool atomic dark matter subcomponent", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.05678", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure predictions (halo mass function, subhalo mass function, nonlinear P(k), calibrated sigma8/weak-lensing observables) for cool ADM with f_adm up to 0.1 and a roughly 60 Mpc suppression scale have never been computed; the card records simulation_calibrated: no and step s4 has no tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological N-body simulations initialized from the ADM-modified linear transfer functions across a grid in (f_adm, T_d^0, B_d/T_d^0), and calibrate a nonlinear P(k)/halo-mass-function correction (e.g. a halofit-style or emulator fit) usable in weak-lensing sigma8 analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0004332_cosh_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosh-potential scalar-field dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0004332", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The kpc-scale cutoff prediction (r_c ~ 1.2 kpc) is only a semi-analytic equilibrium estimate: no nonlinear scalar-field/Schroedinger-Poisson simulations calibrate how the cosh-model cutoff maps to halo profiles, substructure counts, or rotation curves (nonlinear simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Run Schroedinger-Poisson (or self-interacting scalar-field) halo-formation simulations initialized with the cosh-model transfer function from gap_1, and calibrate the relation between m_phi, the r_c core/cutoff scale, and the subhalo mass function against existing FDM simulation results.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_4_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-4 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "All reported ETHOS-4 small-scale predictions come from dark-matter-only zoom simulations; the card flags baryonic effects (satellite disruption by the disc, core creation/contraction) as an assumed-away systematic with high extrapolation risk, so satellite counts and central densities carry an unquantified baryonic uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run full-physics hydrodynamical zoom simulations of a Milky Way analogue with the ETHOS-4 initial power spectrum and velocity-dependent self-scattering, and use them to calibrate baryonic correction factors for the subhalo V_max function and core densities used in the satellite comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1403_0954_resonant_7kev_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced 7 keV sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1403.0954", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear predictions for Milky Way satellite abundance, radial distribution, and profiles are only partially simulation-calibrated and lean on approximate thermal-WDM equivalent masses (1.7-2.9 keV), whereas the resonant transfer-function shape differs from thermal WDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Milky Way zoom-in simulations (or extend a WDM-calibrated subhalo mass-function emulator with a transfer-function-shape parameter) using the exact resonant transfer functions for the L_4 benchmarks, delivering suppressed SHMF and Vmax functions usable by satellite likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1811_00028_ballistic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ballistic Dark Matter", "family": "ballistic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1811.00028", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation with BDM's oscillatory transfer function and ballistic initial velocities has never been simulated (halo and subhalo mass function effects are recorded as not studied), so small-scale and quasi-linear observables cannot be modeled beyond linear theory.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations (e.g. Gadget-4 or SWIFT) initialized with BDM transfer functions and post-transition velocity perturbations for representative (z_star, f_BDM) points, to calibrate how the acoustic features and ballistic velocities evolve into the nonlinear regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1405_2075_dark_atom_sidm_dao_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "Dark-atom self-interacting dark matter with dark acoustic oscillations", "family": "atomic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.2075", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public simulation suite or emulator for nonlinear structure with DAO initial conditions plus velocity-dependent dark-atom self-scattering; the paper's N-body runs cover only selected benchmarks and are not released, so halo mass functions, subhalo statistics, and core sizes cannot be predicted across the (alpha_D, m_H, xi) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a grid of cosmological N-body simulations using an existing velocity-dependent SIDM scattering module (Gadget/Arepo-type implementations) seeded with atomic-DM DAO transfer functions, and calibrate an emulator for the halo/subhalo mass function suppression and core radii as functions of r_DAO and sigma_T/m(v).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_1_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-1 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The ETHOS-1 satellite predictions come from dark-matter-only zoom simulations; baryonic effects (disk disruption, reionization suppression) are flagged as likely to push the already strongly suppressed subhalo population below observed counts, and no hydrodynamic zoom simulations of MW analogues with ETHOS-1 physics exist to settle this.", "proposed_resolution": "Run MW-analogue zoom simulations combining the ETHOS-1 initial power spectrum and self-scattering with a galaxy-formation model (e.g. the AREPO/IllustrisTNG or an EAGLE-type module), quantifying satellite survival and central densities with baryons.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_2_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-2 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The ETHOS-2 satellite predictions come from dark-matter-only zoom simulations; baryonic effects (disk disruption, reionization suppression) are flagged as able to alter satellite survival and central densities, and no hydrodynamic zoom simulations of MW analogues with ETHOS-2's combined damping plus self-interaction physics exist to settle this.", "proposed_resolution": "Run MW-analogue zoom simulations combining the ETHOS-2 initial power spectrum and self-scattering with a galaxy-formation model (e.g. the AREPO/IllustrisTNG or an EAGLE-type module), quantifying satellite survival and central densities with baryons.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_3_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-3 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The velocity-dependent Yukawa self-scattering module used in the AREPO zoom simulations is private, so the nonlinear predictions (subhalo V_max functions, core densities) cannot be regenerated or extended to new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement elastic velocity-dependent (Yukawa transfer cross section) DM self-scattering in a public N-body code (e.g. the public AREPO or GADGET-4 SIDM branches), calibrated to reproduce the published ETHOS-3 subhalo abundance and core-density results.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1901_09992_thermal_wino_smallest_halos_v1", "model_name": "Thermal wino dark matter with inelastic kinetic decoupling", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.09992", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The subhalo mass function, concentration-mass relation, and tidal survival near the wino free-streaming cutoff (M_fs ~ 1e-7 M_sun) are computed with an analytic model that is not calibrated by N-body simulations resolving the DAO-plus-cutoff initial power spectrum, leaving the annihilation boost factor with uncontrolled uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run zoom-in N-body simulations seeded with the wino DAO/free-streaming transfer function down to the cutoff mass, calibrate the subhalo mass function, concentrations, and tidal-stripping survival, and distill the results into an emulator or fitting functions for boost-factor calculations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_right_handed_neutrino_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear halo phenomenology of the condensate Higgs mode (density profiles, core formation, subhalo abundance) is explicitly left for future work and no simulation calibration exists for this BCS-condensate regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Run superfluid/fuzzy-dark-matter-style structure simulations (Schrodinger-Poisson or SPH-superfluid solvers) with the model's derived Higgs-mode mass and quartic self-coupling to calibrate profile and subhalo predictions against dwarf-scale data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_vector_like_quark_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like quark color-superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear halo phenomenology of the condensate (profiles, cores, subhalo abundance) is explicitly left for future work and no simulation calibration exists for this color-superconducting condensate regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Run superfluid/scalar-field structure simulations (Schrodinger-Poisson or superfluid-hydro solvers) using the derived Higgs-mode mass and quartic coupling to calibrate halo profile and substructure predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_05482_xc_charged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "XC charged dark matter with a light C particle", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.05482", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No cosmological or zoom-in simulations exist that include the model's long-range self-scattering plus dissipative processes (dark Bremsstrahlung, Thomson scattering, recombination/ionization cooling by free C particles), so halo morphology, subhalo abundance, and cluster-merger predictions cannot be made beyond analytic cooling-timescale estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body plus two-fluid hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations with a dark cooling function tabulated from the model's Bremsstrahlung/Compton/recombination rates (analogous to existing dissipative-SIDM simulation programs), scanning the (m_X, m_C, alpha_D) benchmarks near the viable dissipative region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1812_02182_charged_leptophilic_dark_electron_v1", "model_name": "Charged leptophilic dark electron model", "family": "charged_leptophilic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1812.02182", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nonlinear predictions (satellite abundance, halo cores from attractive velocity-dependent self-interactions) are only partially simulation-calibrated; no simulation suite or emulator covers the combined late-kinetic-decoupling cutoff plus attractive light-scalar SIDM regime of this model, and cluster-scale SIDM bounds need a dedicated velocity-dependent recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with the ETHOS-like initial power-spectrum cutoff and a velocity-dependent attractive Yukawa self-interaction cross section (dwarf-to-cluster velocities), calibrating a subhalo mass function and core-density emulator usable with Milky Way satellite-count and cluster likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_13407_tdsidm_smbh_seed_v1", "model_name": "Nearly totally dissipative self-interacting dark matter SMBH-seeding model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13407", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Collapse is calibrated only in isolated NFW halos, so there is no cosmological tdSIDM simulation from which dwarf-galaxy density-profile/kinematic predictions or strong-lensing substructure signatures can be derived for this nearly-totally-dissipative regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological zoom-in simulations with the dissipative-SIDM module (f_diss near 1, sigma/m around 0.05 cm^2/g, including velocity-dependent variants) for dwarf- and lens-scale halos to calibrate density profiles and subhalo mass functions for downstream lensing and dwarf-galaxy recasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2201_05412_majoron_semiannihilating_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majoron-assisted semi-annihilating Z3 scalar dark matter", "family": "semi_annihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.05412", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "There is no simulation-calibrated model connecting the semi-annihilation self-heating rate to dwarf-galaxy core sizes; the paper's core-formation claim rests on an uncalibrated halo thermalization estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body/hydro simulations with an injected per-particle heating term parameterized by (m_chi, <sigma v>_semi, energy release per event), analogous to SIDM gravothermal studies, and fit a semi-analytic core-size relation usable for dwarf and Milky Way satellite halos.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 26, "rank_structure_formation": 9}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "PTA / stochastic GW background likelihood", "n_gaps": 56, "n_models": 56, "weight": 1308.6, "n_models_structure_formation": 5, "weight_structure_formation": 160.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 19, "minor": 2, "degrades_precision": 35}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 41, "small": 13, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2306_16966_u1_dark_photon_sidm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' dark-photon self-interacting dark matter from a MeV first-order phase transition", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16966", "score": 38.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PTA stochastic-background likelihood is connected to the model's dark U(1)' phase-transition parameters; the paper compares the analytic GW spectrum to the nHz band by eye, so no statistical statement against NANOGrav/EPTA/PPTA/CPTA data is possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the FOPT spectrum Omega_GW(f; T_*, alpha, beta/H_*, v_w) in an existing public PTA analysis framework (PTArcade/ENTERPRISE with the NANOGrav 15-yr free-spectrum posteriors), sampling jointly with the CosmoTransitions map from potential parameters to transition parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_09194_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational dark matter from first-order-phase-transition PBHs", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.09194", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or public sensitivity module exists for the MHz-GHz stochastic GW background from the phase transition; detectors in this band are only proposed, leaving the route's final comparison without a quantitative target.", "proposed_resolution": "Collect published projected sensitivities of proposed high-frequency GW detectors into a reusable power-law-integrated sensitivity/likelihood module for Omega_GW(f) in the MHz-GHz band applicable to FOPT spectral templates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_01007_massive_dark_photon_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive dark photon from axion tachyonic production", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.01007", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the predicted chiral stochastic GW background: the route only overlays templates on prospective detector sensitivity curves, with no machine-readable PTA/interferometer stochastic-search likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the Omega_GW(f) template into existing public stochastic-background likelihoods (NANOGrav/EPTA free-spectrum and LVK isotropic stochastic searches) as a registry likelihood over (m_a, f_a, alpha_D, m_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_09558_feebly_coupled_u1x_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly coupled U(1)_X hidden-sector dark fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.09558", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave likelihood exists for the predicted hidden-sector FOPT spectra: detector reach is quoted only as sensitivity curves, with no LISA/DECIGO/BBO SNR-based likelihood or PTA free-spectrum likelihood applicable to the xi-suppressed Omega_GW(f) predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the model's Omega_GW(f) output in existing stochastic-background statistical tools — PTPlot/LISA SNR calculations for future detectors and the released NANOGrav/EPTA free-spectrum likelihoods for the low-frequency tail — as a parameter-point likelihood over (m_D, m_Aprime, g_x, epsilon, xi_0, lambda_h, v_w).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_17564_fopt_rescued_self_interacting_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition rescued self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17564", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No PTA likelihood is attached: the nanohertz FOPT GW prediction is compared only qualitatively to NANOGrav-class sensitivity, with no machine-readable free-spectrum likelihood in the pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the computed Omega_GW(f) with the public NANOGrav 15-yr (and IPTA) free-spectrum likelihoods via a PTArcade-style wrapper to obtain quantitative posteriors on (T_n, alpha, beta/H).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12730_kinetically_misaligned_audible_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically misaligned audible axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12730", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for confronting the peaked audible-axion stochastic GW background with PTA, LISA, or ground-based data; only detector sensitivity curves are available for a rough SNR comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the peaked audible-axion spectral template in existing SGWB analysis pipelines (e.g. PTArcade/enterprise for PTA data and the SGWBinner framework for LISA) so the model's (f_peak, Omega_GW_peak) maps directly to posterior constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_08091_ultralight_tensor_fierz_pauli_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight tensor dark matter from a massive Fierz-Pauli spin-2 field", "family": "ultralight_tensor_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08091", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No PTA likelihood exists for tensor (spin-2) ULDM: the h_osc bound is an approximate recast of the PPTA DR2 vector-ULDM upper-limit curve that ignores the tensor five-polarization angular correlation pattern, and the spin-2 matter-coupling delay at frequency m has no likelihood at all (only a sensitivity estimate assuming rho_TF equals the local dark matter density).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's tensor residual templates (gravitational effect at 2m and universal-coupling effect at m, with tensor angular response and polarization-ratio priors) as a deterministic signal in a standard PTA analysis framework (enterprise-style) and run against PPTA DR2 / IPTA data to produce genuine tensor-ULDM upper limits on h_osc and alpha_coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_13112_superheavy_rhn_zombie_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy right-handed-neutrino dark matter with zombie co-annihilation in extended B-L", "family": "superheavy_thermal_freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13112", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end likelihood pipeline maps the model's B-L breaking scale v_R to a cosmic-string SGWB spectrum and evaluates it against PTA data and LISA/BBO/Taiji/ET sensitivities; the constraint Gmu < 1e-11 is quoted from external searches and depends on an unpinned cosmic-string loop-distribution model.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple a public cosmic-string SGWB spectrum calculator (Blanco-Pillado-Olum or Lorenz-Ringeval-Sakellariadou loop distributions) to the model's v_R -> Gmu mapping, and evaluate the spectrum with current PTA free-spectrum likelihoods (e.g. via PTArcade/ceffyl) and published interferometer power-law-integrated sensitivity curves, propagating loop-model choice as a systematic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1611_03793_ultralight_vector_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight coherent vector field dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.03793", "score": 28, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the vector-sourced stochastic gravitational-wave background: the paper only compares its approximate Omega_GW spectrum to SKA-like PTA and CMB sensitivity curves, so the GW channel cannot yield statistical constraints or forecasts on m_A.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the predicted Omega_GW(f) as a spectral template in standard PTA analysis frameworks (e.g. enterprise-style free-spectrum fits) and CMB B-mode/tensor likelihoods, producing upper limits as a function of m_A and the primordial amplitude.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12730_kinetically_misaligned_dark_photon_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically produced massive dark-photon vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12730", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for confronting the peaked audible-axion companion GW background with PTA, LISA, or ground-based data; only detector sensitivity curves are available for a rough comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the peaked audible-axion spectral template in existing SGWB analysis pipelines (e.g. PTArcade/enterprise for PTA data and the SGWBinner framework for LISA) so (f_peak, Omega_GW_peak) maps directly to posterior constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_09411_alp_supercooled_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ALP-triggered supercooled-phase-transition primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.09411", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No machine-readable likelihood exists for the GW observables: the paper uses only power-law-integrated sensitivity comparisons, so neither the NANOGrav data preference nor future PTA/LISA non-observation can be evaluated statistically for this model's SGWB spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the model's FOPT SGWB spectrum into the public NANOGrav 15-yr free-spectrum likelihood (e.g. via PTArcade) and add LISA/ET signal-to-noise-based projected likelihoods for the future-reach statements.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_04788_su2l_asymmetric_dark_matter_gravitational_waves_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_ell asymmetric dark matter with first-order phase transition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.04788", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stochastic gravitational-wave background likelihood exists for confronting the predicted SU(2)_ell phase-transition spectrum with LVK data or projected ET/CE/DECIGO/BBO sensitivities; the card's detector comparison is a benchmark-level power-law-integrated-curve overlay, not a statistical constraint on (v_ell, alpha_PT, beta/H).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the model's Omega_GW(f) prediction in an existing stochastic-background analysis framework (LVK cross-correlation likelihood for current data, Fisher/mock likelihoods for ET/CE/DECIGO), parameterized by T_star, alpha_PT, beta/H, and wall velocity, so posterior constraints on v_ell can replace detectability flags.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_06216_no_scale_bl_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "No-scale U(1) B-L hybrid-inflation gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.06216", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No joint likelihood pipeline exists that confronts the model's Omega_GW(f) with PTA (NANOGrav 12.5 yr and newer), interferometer, and BBN bounds while simultaneously imposing the gravitino relic-density and BBN reheating constraints on (T_r, m_3/2, m_g, G mu_CS, sqrt(kappa)).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a scan that couples the gap_1 spectrum calculator to public PTA likelihood machinery (enterprise/PTArcade) and applies the analytic gravitino relic formula plus published BBN reheating bounds as priors, validated by recovering the paper's G mu_CS range of 1e-9 to 8e-6 and its viable T_r window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_05501_friendly_axion_pair_v1", "model_name": "Friendly coupled axion dark matter pair", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.05501", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood or recast pipeline translates the post-simulation outputs (component abundances, oscillon population, GW spectrum) into observational constraints: a coupling-weighted direct-detection target for the enhanced short axion, a CMB-polarization recast for hyperlight friendly subcomponents, and a stochastic gravitational-wave sensitivity comparison are all unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a projection module that (a) converts simulated Omega_short into direct-detection rate targets for assumed axion-SM couplings, (b) recasts hyperlight subcomponent bounds via a modified CLASS/axionCAMB run against Planck polarization likelihoods, and (c) compares the simulated GW spectrum to PTA/LISA sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_08107_nonminimal_scalarized_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Nonminimally coupled scalarized cold-dark-matter field", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08107", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast pipeline or likelihood maps this model's scalar charges to binary-pulsar dipolar-radiation bounds (the published alpha_0^2 limits constrain generic scalar-tensor gravity, not this potential/coupling), so the pulsar timing constraint cannot be applied quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute scalar charges from the modified-TOV solutions (gap_2), map them to the dipolar orbital-decay rate for PSR J1738+0333-like systems, and package the published timing limit as a likelihood on this model's coupling parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_06178_abelian_higgs_string_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Abelian-Higgs string-decay dark matter scenario", "family": "cosmic_string_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.06178", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled joint likelihood exists over (G mu, f_NG, eta_SM^2, eta_DM^2, eta_DR^2, m_chi, sigma_0) combining the NANOGrav common-process contours, the Planck CMB string bound, the DGRB/BBN cascade limits, and the relic-density target; the source region is only reproduced descriptively and its contour formula is OCR-degraded.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the joint scan in PTArcade/ceffyl using the mixed AH/NG SGWB spectrum (updated to NANOGrav 15 yr free-spectrum posteriors), adding the Planck G mu prior, the analytic cascade-energy DGRB/BBN bound from s2, and the s3 relic output as likelihood components.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_00537_bl_miracle_less_wimp_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_B-L Miracle-less WIMP with late entropy dilution", "family": "miracle_less_wimp", "arxiv": "2307.00537", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled joint likelihood evaluates the doubly peaked Omega_GW(f) and diluted relic abundance against the NANOGrav 15-yr data, the LIGO stochastic bound at 25 Hz, the BBN/CMB Delta N_eff allowance, and the Planck relic target simultaneously; the card only reports figure-level benchmark compatibility.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the recast from the NANOGrav 15-yr free-spectrum likelihood (PTArcade/ceffyl-style), the published LVK O3 isotropic bound, an integrated-Omega_GW Delta N_eff constraint, and a Gaussian Planck relic-density likelihood, jointly over (m_chi, g_BL, M_N1, T_RH, n_T, S).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_04582_melting_domain_wall_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Melting-domain-wall ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04582", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PTA stochastic-background likelihood implementation exists for the melting-wall spectral shape: the NANOGrav 15-year comparison is a benchmark-level fit of spectral index, not a statistical analysis, so the g^2, lambda_phi, T_i parameter window cannot be rigorously constrained.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the melting-wall GW spectrum as a custom template in an existing PTA analysis framework (ENTERPRISE/PTArcade-style new-physics templates for the NANOGrav 15-year data) and publish posterior contours in the (T_i, g^2, lambda_phi) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_14993_stiff_reheating_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black-hole dark matter from stiff-era reheating collapse", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2309.14993", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stochastic-GW likelihood has been run for this scenario: neither the PTA-band comparison (NANOGrav 15-yr, EPTA DR2, PPTA DR3) nor the integrated BBN/CMB Delta N_eff bound is implemented as a likelihood over (w, T_r, A_*, k_*).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the model's Omega_GW(f) as a user-defined spectrum in PTArcade/ceffyl against the NANOGrav 15-yr free-spectrum posteriors, and add the integrated-energy Delta N_eff comparison as a simple analytic likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_15920_long_lived_axion_domain_wall_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived axion domain wall dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.15920", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No detector likelihood (PTA bands, future interferometers) or Delta N_eff likelihood has been implemented for the predicted wall-collapse GW background; the paper uses only timing/energy-density consistency.", "proposed_resolution": "Once a spectral template exists, wrap it in PTArcade/ceffyl for the NANOGrav 15-yr and EPTA DR2 data and add the integrated-energy BBN/CMB Delta N_eff bound as an analytic likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_6679_gravitino_dm_from_bl_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter from spontaneous B-L breaking reheating", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.6679", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No GW/CMB recast pipeline exists on the card for the B-L cosmic strings: mapping v_{B-L} to a stochastic GW spectrum for the model's string network (including metastability and loop-distribution choices) and evaluating it against CMB string bounds, PTA data, and LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA stochastic searches is not implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the stochastic GW spectrum for the model's Gmu using a standard cosmic-string loop-network template extended with metastable-string decay, and evaluate it against public NANOGrav/EPTA free-spectrum likelihoods, LVK stochastic-background limits, and CMB string-fraction bounds in a reusable recast module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_04902_majoron_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive majoron misalignment dark matter in a lepton-number breaking phase-transition model", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.04902", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The pulsar-timing constraint on gauged cosmic strings (v_L below about 6.5e14 GeV) is applied only as a translated point estimate; no string-network stochastic-background likelihood is wired to this model's parameters, which the route itself flags as needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's string tension mu of order v_L^2 onto the string-tension parameter of published PTA stochastic-background analyses (NANOGrav/EPTA cosmic-string likelihoods) and expose the resulting likelihood as a function of v_L and the symmetry type (gauged versus global).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10859_nonadiabatic_gravitational_uldm_v1", "model_name": "Non-adiabatically produced gravitational ultra-light scalar dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10859", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PPTA local-density bound on coherent ultralight-scalar potential oscillations is only partially available as a likelihood; no public timing-residual likelihood is packaged for evaluating this model's low-mass variants in the nanohertz band.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the deterministic ultralight-scalar timing-residual signal in the enterprise PTA analysis framework and evaluate it against public PPTA (and newer IPTA) data releases to produce a reusable rho_local(m) likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_07313_su2x_supercooled_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_X supercooled vector dark matter sudden-freeze-out model", "family": "hidden_sector_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.07313", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector likelihood exists for the predicted stochastic GW background; the card's constraint con_future_gw_interferometer_reach is a projected sensitivity-curve comparison only, so no statistical exclusion or forecast posterior can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an SNR-based likelihood for the predicted Omega_GW(f) against LISA/BBO/DECIGO noise curves using the PTPlot/LISA Cosmology Working Group SNR machinery, exposing (alpha, beta/H_*, v_w, T_*) as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2011_10606_higgs_noncanonical_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical Higgs-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2011.10606", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The induced-GW detectability statements rest on outdated EPTA-era sensitivity curves quoted in the primary paper; no likelihood recast against current PTA datasets or a proper LISA/Taiji/TianQin forecast pipeline exists for the model's Omega_GW(f).", "proposed_resolution": "Confront the predicted Omega_GW(f) with current public PTA free-spectrum likelihoods (NANOGrav/EPTA-style released chains) for nHz benchmarks, and build an SNR-based forecast from published LISA/Taiji/TianQin power-law-integrated sensitivity curves for mHz benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2011_10606_tmodel_noncanonical_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical T-model primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2011.10606", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The induced-GW detectability statements rest on outdated EPTA-era sensitivity curves quoted in the primary paper; no likelihood recast against current PTA datasets or a proper LISA/Taiji/TianQin forecast pipeline exists for the model's Omega_GW(f).", "proposed_resolution": "Confront the predicted Omega_GW(f) with current public PTA free-spectrum likelihoods (NANOGrav/EPTA-style released chains) for nHz benchmarks, and build an SNR-based forecast from published LISA/Taiji/TianQin power-law-integrated sensitivity curves for mHz benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06882_bounce_generated_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Non-singular-bounce generated primordial black hole dark matter scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.06882", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PTA and spectral-distortion comparisons are contour overlays only: no scalar-induced gravitational-wave spectrum is computed from the enhanced power spectrum and no NANOGrav15/EPTA likelihood or FIRAS mu/y-distortion projection is evaluated, leaving the reported tension statements unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the resummed spectrum into a public scalar-induced-GW calculator (SIGWfast-class), evaluate the resulting Omega_GW(f) against the NANOGrav15/EPTA free-spectrum likelihoods (PTArcade-style), and compute mu/y distortions with a Green's-function distortion code for the k = 1e4-1e5 Mpc^-1 band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_08425_axiverse_early_collapse_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axiverse early-collapse QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.08425", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No detector likelihood or sensitivity recast exists for the predicted stochastic gravitational-wave background from the early-collapsing network, so 'observable GW signal' cannot be turned into a quantitative constraint or forecast in (Lambda_2, f_a1, f_a2) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Once a spectrum template exists, recast it against published PTA, LISA, and interferometer power-law-integrated sensitivity curves and package the comparison as a likelihood over the collapse-temperature and tension parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15605_multifield_sharp_turn_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black-hole dark matter from multi-field sharp-turn inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2203.15605", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No GW detector likelihood is wired for the predicted Omega_GW(f) peaks; only qualitative comparison to PTA/LISA/DECIGO/ET sensitivity bands is possible, so induced-GW detectability cannot be quantified per benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Connect the SIGW output to the public NANOGrav/EPTA free-spectrum likelihoods for nHz peaks and to power-law-integrated sensitivity curves (or SNR integrals) for LISA/DECIGO/ET at higher frequencies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_04158_slow_fopt_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from slow supercooled first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.04158", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stochastic-GW likelihood is packaged for confronting the two-peak spectrum with NANOGrav/PTA data and LVK limits or for forecasting LISA/AEDGE/AION/ET reach; the route only has unbundled sensitivity curves and the card records no resolved likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the two-peak Omega_GW(f) prediction into existing public PTA analysis frameworks (NANOGrav free-spectrum posteriors / PTArcade-style wrappers) and standard power-law-integrated sensitivity curves for LVK/LISA/ET, returning SNR and exclusion regions in the (beta/H_0, T_reh) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_15967_electroweak_axion_fuzzy_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "Electroweak axion mixed fuzzy and cold dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.15967", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pulsar-polarization-array likelihood exists for the local oscillatory birefringence signal from the A F Ftilde coupling: the proposed probe lacks a signal template with survey cadence, noise model, and line-of-sight DM density treatment, so no exclusion region can be derived on (F_A, m_A).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a time-domain polarization-rotation signal model (amplitude ~ A(t)/F_A with frequency m_A) and a matched-filter likelihood using existing pulsar polarization datasets (e.g. NANOGrav/PPTA polarization products), including stochastic field-amplitude variation over coherence patches.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_05655_eft_sharp_transition_pbh_v1", "model_name": "EFT single-field sharp-transition PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2302.05655", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged likelihood exists for the scalar-induced GW observable: for the primary's k_s ~ 10^21 Mpc^-1 the SIGW peak lies far above PTA/LISA bands, and the route provides no detector-response or sensitivity-curve comparison module for any band (likelihoods listed as 'none packaged').", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Omega_GW(f) from the loop-corrected P_zeta with a public SIGW transfer code (SIGWfast-class) and wrap it with sensitivity-curve/likelihood comparisons for the relevant bands (PTA/LISA for lower k_peak variants, ultra-high-frequency GW proposals for the k_s ~ 10^21 Mpc^-1 benchmark).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2101_11007_post_inflationary_ultralight_axion_string_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary ultralight axion string dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.11007", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline exists that confronts this model's predicted stochastic GW spectrum with PTA/LISA/ground-based data and simultaneously applies the relic-abundance, isocurvature, and Delta N_eff bounds; the card records only figure-level, non-rerun comparisons with undigitized sensitivity curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the string-sourced Omega_gw(f) spectrum as a model in an existing PTA/GW analysis framework (e.g. PTArcade/enterprise for NANOGrav data plus published LISA sensitivity recasts), and couple it to a CLASS+MontePython/Cobaya run applying the axion relic-density, isocurvature, and dark-radiation likelihoods over (f_a, m_a).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_11775_so10_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) pseudo-Goldstone dark matter with 126_H and 16_H singlets", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.11775", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline connects the model's string-wall Omega_GW(f) to PTA data and interferometer sensitivities; the card notes exclusions require detector/PTA likelihoods that were not run, so only sensitivity-curve comparisons are currently possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the string-wall spectrum as a deterministic Omega_GW(f) signal model in the public NANOGrav 15-yr stochastic-background likelihood (enterprise/PTArcade) and add LISA/DECIGO/ET SNR calculators to produce exclusion bands in the (Gmu, v_16) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_17851_su2d_neutron_decay_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(2)_D neutron-decay freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17851", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "GW detector sensitivity curves are not bundled and no stochastic-background likelihood is attached, so the PTA-to-interferometer reach of the dark phase transition cannot be assessed quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Package digitized PTA (NANOGrav free-spectrum via PTArcade) and LISA/ET power-law-integrated sensitivity curves as a comparison module for the computed Omega_GW(f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_08046_modified_higgs_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Modified Higgs-inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2307.08046", "score": 22.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No PTA likelihood evaluation is connected to the model: the scalar-induced GW spectrum is only compared to NANOGrav by eye, with no pipeline feeding Omega_GW(f) into the NANOGrav 15-year or IPTA stochastic-background likelihoods.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the model's SIGW spectrum as a deterministic signal template in an existing PTA analysis framework (enterprise/PTArcade with the NANOGrav 15-year free-spectrum posteriors) parameterized by the dip parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_01007_alp_dark_photon_audible_axion_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle coupled to a light dark photon", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.01007", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood implementation exists for confronting the predicted chiral stochastic GW background with data: the route compares templates to detector sensitivity curves only, with no machine-readable PTA/LISA/LIGO stochastic-search likelihood for this model's peaked spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the parameterized Omega_GW(f) template through existing public stochastic-background likelihoods (NANOGrav/EPTA enterprise free-spectrum fits and LVK isotropic stochastic-search likelihoods), wrapping them as a registry likelihood over (m_a, f_a, alpha_D).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_multi_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Multi-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stochastic gravitational-wave likelihood is available for the predicted multi-peak induced-GW background; the card records only comparisons to quoted PTA/LIGO limits and future sensitivity curves rather than an evaluable likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the predicted Omega_GW(f) in existing public stochastic-background likelihood machinery: PTA free-spectrum posteriors (NANOGrav/EPTA via PTArcade-style recasting) for nHz peaks and LVK isotropic-background likelihoods for higher-frequency peaks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_solo_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Solo-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stochastic gravitational-wave likelihood is available for the predicted induced-GW peak; the card records only comparisons to quoted PTA/LIGO limits and future sensitivity curves rather than an evaluable likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the predicted Omega_GW(f) in existing public stochastic-background likelihood machinery: PTA free-spectrum posteriors (NANOGrav/EPTA via PTArcade-style recasting) for nHz peaks and LVK isotropic-background likelihoods for higher-frequency peaks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_15555_bubbletron_heavy_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bubbletron-produced heavy fermion dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.15555", "score": 21.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline connects the bubbletron bulk-flow GW spectrum, parameterized by (v_phi, gamma_coll, latent heat fraction), to PTA, LISA, or Einstein Telescope data; the PTA compatibility statement is benchmark-level only (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the bulk-flow spectrum as a template in existing stochastic-background frameworks (e.g. PTArcade/ENTERPRISE for PTA data and LISA/ET power-law-integrated sensitivity likelihoods), mapping template parameters directly to the model's (v_phi, T_n, beta/H, g).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_05377_melting_cosmic_string_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Melting cosmic string scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.05377", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No GW detector likelihood has been run for the peaked melting-string spectrum: constraints are quoted from sensitivity-curve overlays and a BBN Delta N_eff estimate, with likelihood_available marked no in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's parameterized Omega_gw(f; G mu_l, f_peak) template in standard stochastic-background likelihood pipelines (PTA free-spectrum fits, LISA SGWBinner-type analyses, LVK stochastic search) to convert projected reach into proper posterior bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_16035_transient_constant_roll_pbh_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from transient constant-roll inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.16035", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for this model class jointly imposing Planck/BICEP CMB-pivot observables, the COBE/FIRAS spectral-distortion bound on heavy PBHs, and PTA/interferometer induced-GW sensitivities: the related Planck+GW construction is for a multifield benchmark and the FIRAS bound for generic single-field peaks, both requiring recasting to the transient constant-roll parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the existing single-field spectral-distortion bound and the multifield Planck/GW likelihood onto the (eta, duration, transition-time, H_inf) parameter space by computing n_s, alpha_s, mu-distortion, and Omega_GW(f) from the model's P_R(k), and package the combination as a standalone likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2109_04476_muon_coupled_thermal_misalignment_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Muon-coupled thermal-misalignment scalar dark matter", "family": "thermal_misalignment_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.04476", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for muon-sourced scalar radiation from compact binaries specific to this model: the orbital-period-derivative prediction requires equation-of-state-dependent neutron-star muon fractions and binary-system modeling that are not encoded in any tool available from the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the scalar dipole radiation power with EOS-dependent NS muon-content profiles, and build a Pdot likelihood from published binary-pulsar timing data (e.g. PSR J0737-3039) plus LIGO/Virgo NS-merger phase constraints, scanned over (m_phi, y_mu_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17390_cosmic_string_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark photon dark matter from cosmic string loop decay", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17390", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No assembled likelihood pipeline compares the model's joint predictions (dark photon abundance plus Omega_GW from PTA to interferometer bands) against PTA posteriors, the LIGO/Virgo stochastic bound, and black-hole superradiance exclusions; the card only reproduces figure-level allowed/excluded regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the predicted Omega_GW(f) through the NANOGrav 15-yr free-spectrum posterior (PTArcade/ceffyl-style), apply the LVK O3 isotropic stochastic-background bound at 25 Hz for the high-frequency tail, and impose published black-hole superradiance exclusion tables on the ultralight dark-photon mass, combining them into one likelihood over (m, v, g, alpha).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_05799_so10_split_susy_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-parity neutralino dark matter in a split-SUSY SO(10) GUT", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.05799", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The metastable cosmic-string gravitational-wave prediction has no model-specific spectrum calculation or PTA likelihood recast: the PTA-favored region is described qualitatively and con_so10_pta_string_region has likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the stochastic GW spectrum for the model's M_B-L and sqrt(kappa_GUT) values using a metastable-string template and evaluate it against the NANOGrav 15-yr and IPTA data with a public PTA likelihood framework such as PTArcade/enterprise, mapping the posterior onto the (M_B-L, kappa) benchmark plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_01072_supercooled_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extremely supercooled singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01072", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No PTA spectral likelihood is bundled with the route: the predicted bubble-collision Omega_GW(f) is compared only to the reported nano-Hertz band and model-independent fits, so the GW observable cannot be turned into a statistical constraint or posterior on (m_s, lambda_s, lambda_hs).", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the computed Omega_GW(f) with the public PTA free-spectrum posteriors referenced as model-independent fits (NANOGrav/EPTA-style violin data), building a wrapper that maps route outputs (T_p, alpha, beta/H, v_w) to the likelihood and propagates the phase-transition parameter uncertainties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_axion_curvaton_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-curvaton primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PTA stochastic-background likelihood is bundled, and the card's PTA exclusion status rests on pre-2017 EPTA/PPTA/NANOGrav sensitivity curves; a recast against modern PTA data releases is required to update the model's exclusion/projection.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap a public PTA likelihood (enterprise or PTArcade with the NANOGrav 15-yr and EPTA DR2 datasets, plus SKA projections) around the computed Omega_SGW(f), so the route returns a current exclusion or detection-prospect statement instead of the primary paper's curve comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_parametric_resonance_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation parametric-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PTA stochastic-background likelihood is bundled, and the card's PTA exclusion status rests on pre-2017 EPTA/PPTA/NANOGrav sensitivity curves; a recast against modern PTA data releases is required to update the model's exclusion/projection.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap a public PTA likelihood (enterprise or PTArcade with the NANOGrav 15-yr and EPTA DR2 datasets, plus SKA projections) around the computed Omega_SGW(f), so the route returns a current exclusion or detection-prospect statement instead of the primary paper's curve comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_05492_trapped_axion_dark_photon_production_v1", "model_name": "Trapped-axion resonant dark photon production", "family": "dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.05492", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists to compare the predicted stochastic GW background and Delta N_eff from trapped-axion dark-photon production against PTA/interferometer sensitivities and CMB dark-radiation bounds; kinetic-mixing bounds on a massive dark photon also require recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood step from published pieces: evaluate the predicted Omega_GW(f) against NANOGrav/EPTA free-spectrum posteriors and LISA/ET power-law-integrated sensitivity curves, use the Planck N_eff posterior for the Delta N_eff component, and recast existing dark-photon kinetic-mixing exclusion tables for the massive stable case.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_10148_lmu_ltau_ultralight_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight L_mu-L_tau vector dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.10148", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public PTA likelihood implements the deterministic vector-ULDM signal (vector gravitational-potential time delay plus muon-charge-sourced Doppler oscillation) for L_mu-L_tau dark matter; the primary fit is a binned chi-square on published angular correlations rather than a full timing-residual likelihood, so the alpha <= 0.477 region cannot be verified or updated on future PTA data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the vector-ULDM correlation curve and Doppler source term as a deterministic signal model in ENTERPRISE/PTArcade against the NANOGrav 15-year data set, fitting m, g, and rho_dm jointly with the SMBHB background and validating against the paper's alpha interval.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_10925_galileon_usr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Galileon ultra-slow-roll primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.10925", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The claimed NANOGrav15/EPTA compatibility of the induced GW spectrum rests on a visual band comparison; no PTA likelihood evaluation of the model's Omega_GW(f) has been performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed Omega_GW(f) into an existing public PTA analysis framework (e.g. the NANOGrav 15 yr free-spectrum posteriors via PTArcade-style recasting) to obtain posterior constraints on the Galileon amplitude, peak scale, and w.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_10474_miracle_less_wimp_bl_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Miracle-less WIMP with gauged B-L entropy dilution", "family": "miracle_less_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.10474", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector likelihoods exist for the cosmic-string GW spectral break: the card's gw_detector_reach_mass_window and cmb_cosmic_string_tension_bound constraints both report likelihood_available 'no', so the M_DM-f_delta prediction can only be compared to digitized sensitivity curves, not evaluated statistically against PTA data or LISA/ET/CE forecasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an Omega_GW(f) likelihood module that takes the broken-power-law string spectrum and evaluates it against published PTA free-spectrum posteriors (NANOGrav/EPTA) and standard LISA/ET/CE noise curves with power-law-integrated sensitivity, e.g. as a cosmic-string template within an existing stochastic-background inference framework such as PTArcade or SGWBinner-style codes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_04694_rsb_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from radiative-symmetry-breaking first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04694", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Detector constraints on the predicted GW spectrum are applied only as sensitivity-curve comparisons: neither a PTA (NANOGrav/EPTA/PPTA/CPTA) likelihood for the transition spectrum nor a LIGO/Virgo O3 stochastic-background likelihood is packaged for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the supercooled-transition GW spectrum as a template in existing PTA new-physics analysis pipelines for the 2023 datasets and evaluate the LVK O3 isotropic stochastic-background likelihood on the same spectrum, replacing the ruled-out/compatible sensitivity-band statements with posterior contours in (phi_0, g, g_tilde, lambda).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_red_tilt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation red-tilted primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PTA stochastic-background likelihood is bundled, and the card's PTA exclusion status rests on pre-2017 EPTA/PPTA/NANOGrav sensitivity curves; a recast against modern PTA data releases is required to update the model's exclusion/projection.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap a public PTA likelihood (enterprise or PTArcade with the NANOGrav 15-yr and EPTA DR2 datasets, plus SKA projections) around the computed Omega_SGW(f), so the route returns a current exclusion or detection-prospect statement instead of the primary paper's curve comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_running_mass_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Running-mass inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PTA stochastic-background likelihood is bundled, and the card's PTA exclusion status rests on pre-2017 EPTA/PPTA/NANOGrav sensitivity curves; a recast against modern PTA data releases is required to update the model's exclusion/projection.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap a public PTA likelihood (enterprise or PTArcade with the NANOGrav 15-yr and EPTA DR2 datasets, plus SKA projections) around the computed Omega_SGW(f), so the route returns a current exclusion or detection-prospect statement instead of the primary paper's curve comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_08425_high_tension_string_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "High-tension string-theory QCD axion-string dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.08425", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented likelihood recasts the predicted relic abundance and stochastic GW spectrum against data: the overclosure exclusion is a hand comparison and no detector-band (PTA/LISA/interferometer) likelihood exists for the network-collapse GW signal.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relic-density comparison and a GW recast against published PTA and LISA power-law-integrated sensitivity curves as a likelihood over (m_a, f_a, mu_eff, P, T_coll), reusing the spectrum templates from the network simulation gap.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 27, "rank_structure_formation": 53}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "BBN code extension", "n_gaps": 53, "n_models": 53, "weight": 1295.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 11, "weight_structure_formation": 303.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 14, "degrades_precision": 39}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 44, "small": 7, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "0710_2968_gravitino_lsp_right_handed_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino LSP dark matter with right-handed sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.2968", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on late Bino visible-energy injection exists only as literature bound curves read off by the authors; no machine-readable energy-injection likelihood over (tau_B, B_had Y_B E_vis) is available for this model's decay chain.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the benchmark decay chains with a public BBN energy-injection code such as ACROPOLIS (hadronic and electromagnetic modes) and package the resulting light-element bounds as a reusable likelihood over (m_B, m_snuR, m_3/2, tau_B, B_had).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0709_0297_goldilocks_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Goldilocks gravitino dark matter from neutralino decays", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.0297", "score": 34.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN likelihood exists for late electromagnetic and hadronic energy injection from neutralino-to-gravitino decays in this scenario; the card records only pass/fail comparisons against 2007-era decay-constraint plots, with hadronic branching fractions the dominant untreated uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast with ACROPOLIS for electromagnetic injection and extend to hadronic injection using published Kawasaki-Moroi constraint grids, wrapping the result as a likelihood in (tau_chi, zeta_EM, zeta_had) with modern light-element abundance measurements.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_15813_thermal_squeezeout_zprime_dark_baryons_v1", "model_name": "Z' portal thermal squeezeout dark-baryon model", "family": "confining_dark_sector_thermal_squeezeout", "arxiv": "2203.15813", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN bound on late glueball decay is imposed only as a decay-before-BBN cutoff; no hadronic/electromagnetic energy-injection likelihood has been run, although the highest-mass benchmarks sit exactly at this boundary.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the glueball decay spectra through the Z' portal and evaluate light-element constraints with a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS, turning the tau_0++ boundary into a proper likelihood over (tau_0++, glueball abundance).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13799_cw_ultralight_scalar_higgs_portal_rhn_v1", "model_name": "Coleman-Weinberg ultralight scalar dark matter with GeV-scale right-handed neutrinos", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13799", "score": 34.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No recast likelihood maps this model's (A, m_phi, m_N, theta) space onto existing fifth-force/light-scalar exclusion curves, heavy-neutral-lepton search limits, and the BBN bound on long-lived GeV-scale RHNs; the card lists likelihood_available as unknown and recasting_needed as yes for these constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published fifth-force (Eot-Wash/MICROSCOPE-type) and scalar-Higgs-mixing limits plus HNL exclusion compilations, express them as bounds on the induced scalar-matter coupling from A and on (m_N, theta), and package them as a joint likelihood over the model parameters with the BBN lifetime cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_04964_l2_right_sneutrino_nonthermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino dark matter with L=2 masses", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.04964", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on late NLSP decays is applied only as a hard tau_NLSP <= 100 s cut; no light-element yield likelihood over the NLSP lifetime-abundance plane, including hadronic and electromagnetic cascades, is available for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a late-decay BBN cascade code (ACROPOLIS or an AlterBBN-based injection setup) over the (tau_NLSP, NLSP yield, decay branching) grid for the higgsino-neutralino and stau NLSP cases and release the resulting light-element likelihood, replacing the 100 s hard cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_11888_no_scale_su5_gravitino_lsp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "No-scale SU(5) gravitino LSP dark matter with shifted hybrid inflation", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11888", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood implementation exists for the BBN/gravitino-cosmology reheating window: the card's con_bbn_reheat constraint (2e6 < T_r < 2e9 GeV) is stated as a window with likelihood_available 'no' and recasting_needed 'yes', so the reheating bound cannot be folded into a statistical scan of (T_r, m_3/2, m_g).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a T_r-dependent BBN likelihood by mapping late-decaying-particle and thermal-gravitino BBN bounds (e.g. from AlterBBN or PRIMAT abundance calculations combined with published gravitino-cosmology exclusion curves) into a smooth likelihood over (T_r, m_3/2), and couple it to the analytic relic formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_00654_feeble_b_l_freeze_in_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly gauged B-L freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.00654", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The FASER reach and BBN survival of the long-lived Z' are quoted only qualitatively; no model-specific LLP reach or BBN energy-injection constraint exists for a B-L Z' with an additional invisible Z' -> N N branching in the g_B-L ~ 1e-7 to 1e-6 window.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the FORESEE B-L Z' benchmark with the Z' -> N N branching and model lifetimes to produce quantitative FASER/FASER2 sensitivity curves, and compute the BBN constraint on late Z' decays with an energy-injection code such as ACROPOLIS.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_06179_light_fermionic_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Light fermionic dark sector with dark photon and dark Higgs", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06179", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN consistency requirement on the secluded regime (long-lived dark Higgs or slow-annihilating relics spoiling light-element abundances) is asserted qualitatively on the card with likelihood_available: no; no quantitative lifetime-versus-abundance BBN bound has been recast for this spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the dark-Higgs lifetime and abundance at BBN across the scan and apply published BBN energy-injection bounds for MeV-GeV late decays (e.g. with AlterBBN or the standard Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi injection grids), yielding a pass/fail surface for the secluded points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_5865_hidden_fermion_assisted_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-fermion-assisted gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5865", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No modern BBN energy-injection likelihood is wired up for late stau LOSP decays in this scenario; the card carries only the approximate paper-era BBN bound, and neutralino LOSP variants would additionally need a hadronic/electromagnetic injection recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the LOSP abundance and lifetime through a current BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with electromagnetic/hadronic cascades and stau bound-state catalysis) to produce a pass/fail or chi-square surface over (tau_LOSP, LOSP yield).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1108_2282_dfsz_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axino cold dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.2282", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BBN viability of the neutralino or stau NLSP decays is enforced only through quoted lifetime thresholds (about 1 s typical, about 5e3 s severe for stau bound states); no light-element abundance code is configured with the model's electromagnetic/hadronic injection and stau-helium bound-state catalysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with the NLSP yield, lifetime, and visible branching fractions from the spectrum point, adding the catalyzed-BBN treatment for the stau NLSP case, and replace the lifetime cut with a light-element likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1901_02018_very_supersymmetric_codecaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Very supersymmetric co-decaying dark sector", "family": "co_decaying_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.02018", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN bound on late hidden-scalar decays is only a qualitative timing cut (decay after neutrino decoupling is shaded as excluded); there is no quantitative BBN energy-injection likelihood specific to the model's hadronic/electromagnetic final-state mix that could soften or sharpen the boundary.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with decaying-particle modules) over the (Gamma_phi, m, abundance) plane using the scalar's Higgs-mixing-determined branching fractions, and release the resulting exclusion surface as a tabulated likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0710_5129_thermal_unparticle_unmatter_v1", "model_name": "Thermal unparticle unmatter dark matter", "family": "unparticle_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.5129", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN constraint is only the proxy criterion rho_U(T_BBN) < rho_gamma(T_BBN); no light-element likelihood has been evaluated for the extra unparticle energy density with equation of state w_U during BBN (con_bbn_unparticle_density: likelihood_available no).", "proposed_resolution": "Add the unparticle component with density scaling rho_U ~ a^{-3(1+w_U)} to a public BBN code such as AlterBBN or PArthENoPE and derive light-element bounds on r_U(T_BBN) as a function of d_U and T_D, replacing the photon-density proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0908_0115_nonthermal_gravitino_pseudomoduli_decay_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal gravitino dark matter from pseudo-moduli decay", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0908.0115", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN viability check for late pseudo-moduli and nonthermal NLSP decays uses approximate decay-temperature cuts rather than a machine-readable late-decay energy-injection likelihood in the (T_d, Y_NLSP, branching) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable likelihood from a public late-decay BBN injection code (e.g. an ACROPOLIS-style calculation over lifetime, yield, and electromagnetic/hadronic branching), tabulated so route-level scans can consume it directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1107_0403_gravitino_from_q_ball_decay_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter from gauge-mediated Q-ball decay", "family": "nonthermal_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.0403", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative BBN likelihood is configured for this scenario: viability cuts on the MeV-scale decay temperature, residual NLSP abundance, and thermal-gravitino reheating bound are applied only as analytic pass/fail conditions from the 2011 paper, with no light-element abundance code evaluating the actual injected energy.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN) with the Q-ball decay temperature T_D and the residual NLSP electromagnetic/hadronic injection as source terms, and turn the current pass/fail cut into a light-element likelihood over (Q, M_F, m_3/2).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_4890_light_hidden_fermion_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light hidden fermion assisted gravitino dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.4890", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented BBN energy-injection recast for the late LOSP and gravitino decays: the coupling lower bound lambda_X is taken from the paper's stau bound-state example (tau < 2e3 s) and does not cover neutralino LOSPs or general hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a public late-decay BBN code such as ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with the model's tau_LOSP, injected energy, and hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions per LOSP identity, including bound-state catalysis for the charged stau case, to produce a reusable likelihood over (lambda_X, m_LOSP, m_X, m_3/2).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_asymmetric_vector_kinetic_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric vector-mediator SIDM with photon kinetic mixing", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current direct-detection recast exists for the kinetically mixed light-vector portal with q-dependent (long-range) recoil spectra: the card cites only experiment-generic bounds with partial likelihood availability and no digitized limits applied to this benchmark's momentum-dependent cross section.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the epsilon-mediated nucleon scattering with the (q^2 + m_phi^2)^-2 propagator form factor in DDCalc or a DarkBit-style pipeline and evaluate against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, jointly with the BBN mediator-lifetime floor on the mixing.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_00463_affleck_dine_hbb_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine high-baryon bubbles", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1807.00463", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The residual-HBB BBN constraint is applied only as the rough requirement eta_b^B/eta_b^ob <~ 1; no inhomogeneous-BBN calculation or likelihood exists for light-element yields from surviving high-baryon regions of the predicted size and density distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public BBN code (PRIMAT or AlterBBN) to inhomogeneous baryon patches with the HBB size/eta_b^in distribution, including post-BBN diffusion and mixing, and turn the resulting D/H and He-4 predictions into a likelihood on the residual-HBB parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2012_04618_triple_unification_ultralight_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Triple-unification ultralight scalar dark fluid", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2012.04618", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No BBN light-element abundance likelihood is connected to the scalar dark-fluid parameterization (rho_phi proportional to a^-n plus decay time); the paper's 95 percent C.L. ratios are OCR-transcribed with ambiguous normalization and cannot be reproduced or updated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple AlterBBN's modified-cosmology mode (dark density with index n and decay history) to a modern D and He-4 observational abundance likelihood (PRIMAT/PArthENoPE-style error budget) in an MCMC over (rho_phi(1 MeV), n, decay time), and re-derive the upper-limit ratios quoted in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_15380_dirac_wimp_from_modulus_decay_v1", "model_name": "Dirac fermion WIMP from modulus-dominated nonstandard cosmology", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_moduli_cosmology", "arxiv": "2308.15380", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint is applied only as a sharp analytic T_RH > 4 MeV floor; no light-element likelihood for the modulus-dominated low-reheating history is available on the card (likelihood_available is no and recasting is needed).", "proposed_resolution": "Couple a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) to a modulus-reheating background evolution to produce a reusable likelihood in (m_phi, tau_phi, T_RH), replacing the fixed 4 MeV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_scalar_higgs_portal_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric scalar-mediator SIDM with Higgs mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No current direct-detection recast exists for the Higgs-mixed light-scalar portal with its q-dependent recoil spectrum: the card cites only experiment-generic limits (likelihood partial) and no digitized modern-xenon likelihood has been applied to this benchmark's theta_h-suppressed, momentum-dependent cross section.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the theta_h Higgs-mixing nucleon coupling with the (q^2 + m_phi^2)^-2 light-mediator form factor in DDCalc or a DarkBit-style pipeline, evaluate against current LZ/XENONnT likelihoods, and impose jointly the theta_h > 1e-5 BBN mediator-decay floor from the card's validity domain.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_06893_super_natural_mssm_nonthermal_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Super-Natural MSSM with nonthermal axino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.06893", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public constraint module maps (tau_stau, Omega_stau h^2, m_stau, hadronic branching) to standard-BBN energy-injection and catalyzed-BBN (charged-bound-state) bounds, so the f_a = 1e9-1e12 GeV lifetime window claimed viable by the primary paper cannot be re-verified.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the published Jedamzik/Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi late-decay BBN grids plus the CBBN Li-6 bound-state constraints as a lookup likelihood in (lifetime, abundance, electromagnetic/hadronic branching), or extend AlterBBN with charged-relic injection and Coulomb bound-state catalysis terms.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_15380_bino_neutralino_modulus_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bino-like neutralino dark matter from modulus decay in the MSSM", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.15380", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN reheat floor is applied only as a sharp analytic T_RH > 4 MeV cut; no light-element likelihood for a modulus-dominated low-reheating history is available on the card (likelihood_available is no and recasting is needed).", "proposed_resolution": "Couple a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) to a modulus-reheating background evolution to produce a reusable likelihood in (m_phi, tau_phi, T_RH), replacing the fixed 4 MeV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_15380_complex_scalar_wimp_from_modulus_decay_v1", "model_name": "Complex scalar WIMP from modulus-dominated nonstandard cosmology", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_moduli_cosmology", "arxiv": "2308.15380", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint is applied only as a sharp analytic T_RH > 4 MeV floor; no light-element likelihood for the modulus-dominated low-reheating history is available on the card (likelihood_available is no and recasting is needed).", "proposed_resolution": "Couple a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) to a modulus-reheating background evolution to produce a reusable likelihood in (m_phi, tau_phi, T_RH), replacing the fixed 4 MeV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1740_saxion_diluted_gravitino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Saxion-diluted gravitino dark matter with neutralino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter_with_entropy_production", "arxiv": "1008.1740", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged BBN constraint evaluation exists for diluted neutralino NLSP decays in this scenario: the mapping from (Y_NLSP/Delta, tau_NLSP, B_h, m_NLSP) to light-element exclusion is only cited qualitatively from external energy-injection tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface a public BBN energy-injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS) or digitized Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi-style constraint grids with the analytic diluted-yield calculation, sampling neutralino composition to set lifetime and electromagnetic/hadronic branching fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_5243_gmsb_nmssm_light_heavy_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated NMSSM light and heavy dark-sector model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.5243", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN safety of the late ONLSP decay is only an approximate timing estimate; no energy-injection likelihood evaluates the hadronic/electromagnetic decay products of the neutralino or right-handed sneutrino ONLSP against light-element abundances (constraint caveat: no full BBN energy-injection likelihood).", "proposed_resolution": "Run a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS with the ONLSP lifetime, abundance, and visible branching fractions to produce a tau_ONLSP versus injected-energy exclusion contour for both ONLSP options.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_08399_extra_modulus_diluted_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extra-light-modulus dilution of nonthermal LSP dark matter in mirage mediation", "family": "supersymmetric_nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.08399", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN-safety check is only a benchmark decay-temperature estimate: no computation of the modulus and gravitino visible/hadronic branching fractions is coupled to BBN light-element constraints, so con_bbn_moduli_decay cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute modulus and gravitino branching fractions from the mirage-mediation couplings and apply published Kawasaki-Moroi-type late-decay BBN constraint tables (or an AlterBBN-based injection calculation) over (m_T, m_3/2, T_reh) benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_10135_colored_mediator_freezein_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Colored t-channel mediator freeze-in plus superWIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.10135", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN likelihood for late hadronic decays of the metastable colored mediator; the card notes BBN cascade bounds were cited but never rerun for this model's lifetime and hadronic energy injection.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the mediator's hadronic energy release and lifetime grid and evaluate it with a public BBN energy-injection code such as ACROPOLIS or the Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi hadronic-decay tables, producing an exclusion in the (lifetime, abundance) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1504_02040_gravity_mediated_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravity-mediated gravitino dark matter with moduli-stabilized 5D supergravity", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.02040", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN safety of late sneutrino-NLSP and Higgsino-NNLSP decays to gravitinos is argued only qualitatively from abundances; no quantitative BBN energy-injection recast or likelihood is set up for this model's decay spectra and lifetimes.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute NLSP/NNLSP lifetimes, hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions, and pre-decay yields from the spectrum-generator output, then feed them into a public BBN injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN-style injection module) to produce quantitative exclusion contours over (r_1, r_2, m_3/2, T_R).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_01486_type_ib_rhn_portal_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type Ib seesaw right-handed-neutrino portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.01486", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The heavy-neutral-lepton constraint overlay for the GeV-scale pseudo-Dirac pair exists only as the paper's figure-level (M, U^2) exclusion regions; no reusable digitized bound set or likelihood combining neutrino-oscillation, BBN, and collider limits, nor the SHiP/FCC-ee sensitivity curves, is attached to the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the (M, U^2) exclusion and sensitivity curves from public HNL limit compilations (existing digitized PS191/CHARM/NuTeV/LHC bounds, BBN lifetime bounds, and published SHiP/FCC-ee projections) into a machine-readable constraint set, adapted to the type-Ib pseudo-Dirac mixing pattern.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_07236_su2n_multipartite_fimp_vector_boson_v1", "model_name": "Multipartite SU(2)_N freeze-in vector-boson dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.07236", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No branching-fraction-resolved BBN energy-injection likelihood is interfaced for the semi-stable eta states; the dominant constraint on the model is currently only a qualitative lifetime cut because hadronic versus electromagnetic branching fractions are not tabulated and no likelihood grid exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute eta branching fractions into hadronic and electromagnetic channels from the model's decay formulae, then run ACROPOLIS (or interpolate Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi tables) on the (tau_eta, m_eta, yield, branching) grid to produce a reusable exclusion surface, validating against the paper's exclusion of hadronic lifetimes above 100 s.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_05376_fuzzy_dark_fluid_unified_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark fluid unified scalar", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.05376", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN constraint is applied only as a quoted density-ratio screen (rho_phi(1 MeV) < 1.40 rho_rad); no pipeline feeds the model's actual scalar energy history into a light-element abundance likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Pass the solved rho_phi(a) into AlterBBN's modified-expansion interface and compare predicted D/H and He-4 abundances against standard observational likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_00505_se6ssm_gravitino_neutral_exotic_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SE6SSM gravitino and lightest neutral exotic fermion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.00505", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on late decays of the unstable state Y into the gravitino is applied only as a tau_Y < 1 s timing cut; no BBN cascade recast with the actual SE6SSM decay branchings and injected electromagnetic/hadronic spectra has been run, and the LZ direct-detection comparison is done against published limit curves rather than a likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the Y decay branching ratios and injection spectra in the SE6SSM and run them through a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN) to replace the 1 s timing cut, and recast the LZ result with a public direct-detection likelihood package such as DDCalc.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_08828_superweak_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superweak sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.08828", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Laboratory and BBN constraints (NA64 dark-photon searches, beam dumps, charged-lepton g-2, pion-threshold BBN requirement) have not been recast onto the SWSM's specific U(1)_z charge and mixing conventions; no digitized exclusion curves or masks exist, so the viable (g_z, M_Zprime) window cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Use the Darkcast recasting framework to map published dark-photon and beam-dump limits onto the SWSM Z-prime coupling structure, digitize the g-2 and BBN pion-threshold masks, and package them as overlay curves in the (M_Zprime, g_z) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0803_3725_axionic_mirage_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axionic mirage mediation axino dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0803.3725", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN likelihood exists for the model's late injections: the visible energy spectra and branching fractions of modulus, gravitino, and NLSP decays are not derived, so the tau_NLSP < 1 s benchmark safety statement cannot be promoted to a quantitative constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive electromagnetic/hadronic branching fractions for each NLSP case and run a public BBN injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS) over (tau_NLSP, NLSP yield) to produce a light-element likelihood for the scenario.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0908_3399_gravitino_dm_general_neutralino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter with general neutralino NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0908.3399", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BBN exclusion is done by eye against literature light-element injection curves; no machine-readable likelihood exists in the (tau_NLSP, Y_NLSP, B_had, B_em) space used by the scans.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate a tabulated late-decay BBN likelihood with a public injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS-style hadronic plus electromagnetic cascades) over lifetime, yield, and branching fractions, updated to current light-element measurements.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_00849_stfm_singlet_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "STFM singlet FIMP with triplet next-to-lightest odd particle", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.00849", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN bound on late hadronic energy injection from NLOP decays (lifetimes above ~100 s) is applied only as an approximate cut read off primary-paper plots; no quantitative BBN likelihood for the STFM NLOP decay branching ratios and injection spectra exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the NLOP hadronic/electromagnetic injection spectra for the STFM two-body decays and feed them to a public late-decay BBN code such as ACROPOLIS, building a lifetime-vs-yield likelihood surface against current light-element abundance data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_00849_stfm_triplet_wimp_nonthermal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "STFM triplet WIMP with singlet-assisted nonthermal freeze-in", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.00849", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on late singlet-NLOP decays (hadronic injection for lifetimes above ~100 s) is applied only as an approximate cut from primary-paper plots; no quantitative BBN energy-injection likelihood exists for this model's decay spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the singlet-NLOP visible decay spectra and evaluate them with a public late-decay BBN code such as ACROPOLIS to produce a lifetime-yield exclusion likelihood against current light-element data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15541_affleck_dine_qball_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine Q-ball gravitino dark matter in gauge-mediated MSSM", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15541", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN light-element likelihood is set up for late NSP decays to gravitinos in this scenario: the allowed (m_3/2, tau_NSP, NSP species) region is only quoted from earlier gravitino-LSP literature, and no electromagnetic/hadronic cascade calculation was run for the model's stau/sneutrino/neutralino NSP cases.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute NSP decay spectra (electromagnetic and hadronic branchings) for each candidate NSP species and interface (Y_N, tau_NSP, spectra) to a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS with a light-element abundance likelihood, reproducing the sub-GeV gravitino allowed range as validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0509121_lcsugra_bino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "LCSUGRA Bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509121", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN reheating-temperature bound from unstable gravitino decays is only an analytic paper-era limit; no BBN abundance likelihood as a function of (m_3/2, T_R, hadronic branching ratio) is available (route likelihoods note 'BBN abundance likelihood not included', recasting_needed: yes).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the required BBN gravitino-yield module by interfacing gravitino production/decay yields with a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) and modern light-element abundance likelihoods, parameterized in m_3/2, T_R, and hadronic branching fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_wimp_rh_neutrino_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Secluded WIMP with right-handed neutrino mediator", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN likelihood exists for the metastable N_R mediator: the decay-before-BBN requirement is imposed as a rough lifetime cut with no calculation of electromagnetic/hadronic injection from N_R decays to neutrino and Higgs final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the N_R branching fractions and injected spectra from the Y_nu portal and feed them into a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN to produce a lifetime-abundance exclusion likelihood in the (m_NR, Y_nu) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_05859_superheavy_asymmetric_thermal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy asymmetric thermal dark matter with late entropy dilution", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.05859", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN likelihood or consistency code is applied to the late entropy-injection decay: the T_RH >= 10 MeV floor is imported as a fixed literature cut rather than computed for this model's decaying-state lifetime, branching, and dilution factor zeta up to 1e10.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the entropy-dump scenario through a public BBN injection code (e.g. AlterBBN or ACROPOLIS-style low-reheating modules), parameterized by the decaying state's lifetime, hadronic/electromagnetic branching, and zeta, to produce a model-specific BBN-allowed region and likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_04146_chameleon_scalaron_f_r_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "chameleon scalaron dark matter in F(R) gravity with R^2 correction", "family": "modified_gravity_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04146", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN likelihood exists for scalaron dark matter: existing BBN codes do not accept the scalaron-induced shifts of nucleon masses and fundamental couplings as time-dependent inputs, so the R^2/scalaron-mass bound remains a qualitative estimate rather than a light-element likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) to take time-dependent nucleon-mass and coupling variations sourced by the scalaron trajectory from gap_1, and build a D/H and Y_p likelihood over (R^2 coefficient, m_phi, delta phi), calibrated against the trace-coupling translation of the related chameleon papers.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0502211_neutralino_from_heavy_gravitino_decay_v1", "model_name": "Neutralino dark matter from heavy gravitino decay", "family": "nonthermal_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0502211", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The BBN constraint on hadronic showers from late gravitino decay relies on transfer calculations (astro-ph/0408426-type) whose hadronic-injection tables are not packaged as a public likelihood; without them the (m_3/2, tau_3/2, B_h, gravitino abundance) exclusion cannot be recomputed for this model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS to hadronic cascades (or release the Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi hadronic transfer tables in reusable form) and wrap it with a light-element abundance likelihood taking (m_3/2, tau_3/2, B_h, Y_3/2) as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_gravitino_decay_wino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB nonthermal wino dark matter from gravitino decay", "family": "nonthermal_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on gravitino decay timing is only an approximate lifetime comparison: no pipeline evaluates photo- and hadro-dissociation limits from the gravitino's actual hadronic branching fractions and abundance across the (T_R, m_3/2) plane for these AMSB spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the analytic gravitino abundance, lifetime, and Isajet-derived cascade branching fractions into a public BBN energy-injection code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN-style photodissociation modules) to produce a proper excluded region in (T_R, m_3/2) replacing the approximate timing argument.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1811_12388_partially_composite_susy_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter in partially composite supersymmetry", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1811.12388", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BBN constraints on late NLSP decays are applied only as conservative lifetime screens (tau_NLSP below O(0.1-100) s); no hadronic/electromagnetic cascade computation or light-element likelihood has been run for the neutralino and stau NLSP cases, and stau catalyzed BBN is not treated.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the NLSP abundance, lifetime, and branching-dependent energy injection with a public BBN injection code (ACROPOLIS, or Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi tables) and add a bound-state catalysis treatment for the stau NLSP case, producing exclusions in the (m_NLSP, m_3/2, T_R) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_6228_gmsb_gravitino_thermal_leptogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated gravitino dark matter with messenger-threshold production and pseudo-moduli entropy dilution", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.6228", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN constraint recast exists for the long-lived light higgsino (lifetime of order 1 s, m_higgsino ~ 300 GeV benchmark) decaying in this GMSB gravitino scenario; the card carries only the paper's benchmark safety statement, so the m_3/2 upper edge of the 100 MeV-1 GeV window cannot be quantitatively constrained.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the late-decay BBN bound with a public injection code such as ACROPOLIS (or the Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi late-decay grids), inputting the higgsino abundance, lifetime, and hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions as functions of m_3/2 and m_higgsino, to replace the benchmark-only safety statement with a bound over the full parameter window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0902_2510_cmssm_rhn_gravitino_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM with GUT-scale right-handed neutrino, gravitino LSP, and sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0902.2510", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN or collider likelihood is wired to the route: the (mostly invisible) sneutrino-to-gravitino decay needs a quantitative BBN energy-injection check, and the compressed-spectrum missing-energy signature has no recast against LEP/LHC searches (likelihood_available no, recasting_needed yes for both constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Apply an existing decaying-particle BBN code (e.g. ACROPOLIS) to the sneutrino lifetime and hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions, and recast current compressed-spectrum electroweak SUSY searches on the sneutrino-neutralino mass plane with CheckMATE/SModelS.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1306_4677_kinetic_mixing_zprime_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Kinetic-mixing Z' portal FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1306.4677", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint on a light, long-lived Z' (m_Z' < 2 m_chi) is only a naive tau < O(100) s lifetime cutoff; no light-element-network likelihood for the Z' abundance, lifetime, and visible branching fractions is available for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the model through a public late-decay BBN code (ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with decaying-particle injection), feeding it the frozen-in Z' abundance, lifetime, and electromagnetic/hadronic branching ratios as functions of epsilon and m_Z' to replace the lifetime cut with a light-element likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_16090_superweak_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.16090", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN guardrail on the light Z' (avoiding pion-producing decays and extra MeV-scale energy injection) is stated only qualitatively; no BBN network run or likelihood exists for this model's mediator mass and coupling range.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z' decay channels and thermal abundance in a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT with an injection module) to derive a quantitative exclusion in the (M_Zprime, g_z) plane, replacing the qualitative pion-threshold argument.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_01263_type_iii_gmsb_lhu_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Type III seesaw GMSB gravitino dark matter with L H_u inflation", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.01263", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "BBN consistency for the long-lived stau NLSP (m_stau about 1 TeV, tau about 10 s decaying to a 10 GeV gravitino) is asserted at the paper's analytic-estimate level; no BBN likelihood or constraint code is wired into the route to test the electromagnetic/hadronic energy injection and bound-state effects of the stau.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the stau decay injection with an existing public BBN code (ACROPOLIS for late electromagnetic injection, cross-checked against the Kawasaki-Moroi-type charged-relic bounds including stau bound-state catalysis) over the benchmark (m_stau, tau_stau, m_3/2) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17171_type_x_2hdm_secluded_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Type-X 2HDM secluded Dirac-fermion dark sector", "family": "secluded_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17171", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative BBN light-element likelihood is connected to the late-decaying mediator: only a qualitative one-second lifetime criterion is used, so the bbn_decay_before_one_second constraint cannot be evaluated as a proper exclusion in (C_l, m_med).", "proposed_resolution": "Run the mediator's electromagnetic and neutrino injection through a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN, tabulating the excluded region in mediator lifetime versus abundance, and attach the result as a likelihood to the route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1206_3304_higgs_portal_supersymmetric_hylogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal supersymmetric hylogenesis variant", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1206.3304", "score": 15, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN constraint on the light pseudoscalar is only a crude lifetime cut (tau_a < 1 s) rather than a proper light-element abundance calculation for GeV-scale electromagnetic/hadronic injection, so the exclusion boundary in (m_a, theta_aA) is approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the pseudoscalar decay spectrum through a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN to replace the one-second lifetime criterion with an actual light-element likelihood over (m_a, tau_a).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_06947_gravitino_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "High-scale SUSY gravitino dark matter with light higgsino NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.06947", "score": 11, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN constraint likelihood exists for late higgsino-NLSP decays to gravitino plus electromagnetic/hadronic showers: the route can compute the NLSP lifetime and energy injection analytically but has no implemented mapping from (lifetime, injected energy, abundance) to a light-element allowed region.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a BBN energy-injection recast using a public injection code such as ACROPOLIS (or digitized Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi-type exclusion contours), taking the higgsino NLSP yield, lifetime, and hadronic/electromagnetic branching fractions as inputs and returning a light-element likelihood over (mu, m_3/2, T_reh, M3).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 28, "rank_structure_formation": 34}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Other / unclassified", "n_gaps": 46, "n_models": 46, "weight": 1165.1, "n_models_structure_formation": 9, "weight_structure_formation": 221.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 18, "degrades_precision": 18, "blocks_all_observables": 4, "minor": 6}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 23, "small": 14, "large": 8, "major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2405_08881_light_thermal_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light thermal pseudo-Dirac dark matter with dark photon mediator", "family": "vector_portal_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08881", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The NLO calculation covers only selected mediator-to-DM mass ratios, small mass splittings, and the benchmark Lorentz structure; larger splittings and other Lorentz structures are explicitly left to future work, so recasts outside the benchmark cannot be performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the NLO matrix-element derivation to general pseudo-Dirac mass splittings and alternative mediator Lorentz structures, parameterized by (m_Aprime/m_chi, delta, alpha_D), and tabulate correction factors for recasting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1012_2476_ultralight_scalar_neutrino_self_conjugate_v1", "model_name": "Self-Conjugate ultra-light scalar dark matter with neutrino mediator", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.2476", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The neutrino-DM cross section is derived only in the local heavy-mediator limit s,u << M_I^2, which breaks down for lighter mediators or center-of-mass energies near M_I where the s-channel can resonate; the self-conjugate s/u-channel cancellation in the massless-neutrino limit also needs the full propagator structure to be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full tree-level cross section with complete s- and u-channel propagators and mediator width (Breit-Wigner near sqrt(s) ~ M_I), including finite neutrino-mass corrections that lift the self-conjugate cancellation, and validate it against the paper's local-limit formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_03231_cp_even_sgoldstino_wave_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-even sgoldstino wave-like dark matter", "family": "sgoldstino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.03231", "score": 34, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The equivalence-principle comparison in the low-mass window (m_phi below about 1.5e-18 eV) is quoted from generic scalar/dilaton results; the model-specific mapping from torsion-balance limits onto sgoldstino parameters, which depends on the electromagnetic composition charges of test bodies, has not been derived.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the composition-dependent charges induced by the sgoldstino photon coupling for the standard test-body materials (following the dilaton-charge formalism of Damour-Donoghue) and recast the MICROSCOPE/Eot-Wash equivalence-principle limits into the m_phi-M_gamma/F plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3ltau_scotogenic_pattern_c_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_tau scotogenic pattern-C fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 33.6, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The correlated LFV predictions are not computable from the card: BR(mu -> e gamma) and conversion rates from the scotogenic Yukawas h'_li and the inert-scalar spectrum have no attached implementation, even though the same Yukawas fix the neutrino texture and the annihilation channel, making LFV the central cross-check of the mechanism.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the standard scotogenic one-loop radiative-decay and mu-e conversion formulas from the cited LFV literature (or generate them automatically via SARAH/FlavorKit from the gap_1 model implementation), taking the texture-fit Yukawas as input and comparing against current MEG/MEG II limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_12290_q_ball_model_b_solitosynthesis_v1", "model_name": "Q-ball dark matter from Model B solitosynthesis", "family": "nontopological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12290", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The exact Model B stability inequalities are degraded in the extracted source text (validity_domain notes degraded mathematical notation), and the metastable Q-ball / Q-cloud regime is not followed, so the precise stable-charge window entering the relic and detection calculations is not machine-usable from the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-derive the Model B stability conditions (coupling-ratio threshold and stable/metastable charge ranges) directly from the potential V(S, phi) with a numerical Q-ball profile solver, and record the exact inequalities and Q_min(lambda, lambda_S, mu_S) on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_18645_dark_matter_pearls_void_domain_walls_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter pearls with low-tension vacuum domain walls around voids", "family": "macroscopic_vacuum_bubble_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.18645", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative derivation exists of the vacuum-phase properties from the Multiple Point Criticality framework: the wall tension S, the nucleon potential drop Delta V, and especially the phase-dependent shifts of alpha and the proton-electron mass ratio are only order-of-magnitude or qualitative, so no observable has a sharp model prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the wall tension and in-phase particle properties from an explicit effective potential with two degenerate vacua (e.g. a QCD-like or scalar-field realization), and compute Delta alpha/alpha and Delta mu/mu in the new vacuum from the shifted condensates, producing closed-form predictions as functions of the model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_11888_no_scale_su5_gravitino_lsp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "No-scale SU(5) gravitino LSP dark matter with shifted hybrid inflation", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11888", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's gravitino relic formula keeps only the dominant QCD (gluino) production terms; electroweak and top-Yukawa contributions to thermal gravitino production are not included, biasing the Omega_3/2 h^2 = 0.126 overclosure boundary in the (T_r, m_3/2, m_g) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full gauge-group thermal gravitino production rate (QCD plus SU(2)_L and U(1)_Y plus top-Yukawa terms, as derived in the Pradler-Steffen/Rychkov-Strumia literature) in the route's abundance calculator and re-derive the viable T_r window for the no-scale SU(5) spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17730_axion_cogenesis_kinetic_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Axion cogenesis via kinetic misalignment without isocurvature", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17730", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PQ-charge-to-baryon-asymmetry conversion (axiogenesis/lepto-axiogenesis) depends on model-dependent sphaleron and lepton-number transport coefficients that are not derived in reusable form for this scenario's operator choices, so Y_B cannot be computed for a general point without redoing the transport analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and tabulate the transport/conversion coefficients c_B for the relevant B-L violating operators (following the lepto-axiogenesis literature cited by the card) as functions of T_R and the operator scale, and package them as a lookup usable with the gap_1 solver output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01416_usr_kkl_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-slow-roll KKL-potential primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.01416", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from this model's USR-enhanced curvature spectrum to f_PBH(M) uses an assumed Gaussian statistics and collapse threshold, while the card notes non-Gaussianity and stochastic USR effects can shift the abundance by orders of magnitude; the model-specific non-Gaussian curvature PDF has not been derived or folded into the abundance calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-Gaussian curvature/compaction distribution for the KKL USR feature via the delta-N or stochastic-inflation formalism, and compute f_PBH(M) with a threshold-statistics (peak/compaction) calculator using that distribution instead of the Gaussian baseline, propagating the same statistics into the SIGW normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS Higgs-resonance scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The electron-EDM cancellation mechanism (Barr-Zee diagrams from CP-mixed Higgs bosons interfering destructively with charged-scalar dark-sector loops) has no reusable formula-level implementation, and the paper's sign and phase conventions were lost in the extracted text.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-derive and code the Barr-Zee and dark-sector (S+/N_R loop) contributions to d_e for the AKS field content with complex lambda_5, validate the benchmark cancellation against the paper, and package it as a callable EDM module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_17636_quadratic_scalar_uldm_eft_v1", "model_name": "Quadratically coupled scalar ultralight dark matter EFT", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.17636", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Experiment-specific response functions mapping the tensor Wilson coefficients c_2 and c_4 onto published Lorentz- and rotation-symmetry test observables (sidereal/annual modulation amplitudes in the halo rest frame) are missing, so the apparent-Lorentz-violation channel cannot be recast beyond order-of-magnitude estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the matching of the c_2 and c_4 induced QED background onto the Standard Model Extension coefficient basis used by published Lorentz tests, tabulate the resulting per-experiment modulation response for a boosted halo velocity distribution, and release the recast tables alongside the EFT conventions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_2282_ksvz_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axino cold dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.2282", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The KSVZ thermal axino production rate from QCD scatterings and decays is only known to order-of-magnitude precision near the strongly coupled QCD scale, and no public implementation of the yield calculation exists for this model's (f_a, T_R, m_gluino) parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the gauge-invariant resummed thermal-field-theory axino production rate (including the low-T_R decay contributions) as a small public module parameterized by T_R, f_a, m_gluino, and squark masses, benchmarked against the source yield curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_06526_su5_pq_axion_inflation_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) x U(1)_PQ axion-inflation dark matter model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.06526", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The proton-lifetime prediction ignores GUT-scale threshold corrections in the gauge-coupling unification estimate, an acknowledged omission that directly shifts the quoted 8e34-3e35 yr tau_p window used to compare with next-generation detectors.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive one-loop threshold corrections from the SU(5) scalar multiplet spectrum (including M_R8, M_R3 splittings) and rerun the two-loop RGEs with matching at each mass scale to produce a corrected tau_p band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS heavy scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The electron-EDM cancellation mechanism (Barr-Zee diagrams from CP-mixed Higgs bosons interfering destructively with charged-scalar dark-sector loops) has no reusable formula-level implementation, and the paper's sign and phase conventions were lost in the extracted text.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-derive and code the Barr-Zee and dark-sector (S+/N_R loop) contributions to d_e for the AKS field content with complex lambda_5, validate the benchmark cancellation against the paper, and package it as a callable EDM module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_05678_messenger_qed_like_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "QED-like dark sector with heavy scalar messengers", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.05678", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Hadronic matrix elements of the dimension-nine baryon-number-violating operators that mediate K_L, B0, and neutron invisible decays are not computed for this model; the card notes they and narrow phase-space windows dominate the numerical rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the relevant baryon- and meson-to-dark-sector matrix elements with lattice QCD (adapting existing proton-decay/neutron-antineutron matrix-element calculations to these dim-9 operators) or with QCD sum rules, and package them with the phase-space integration as a small public branching-ratio code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_04558_benchmark_fimp_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Benchmark FIMP freeze-in warm dark matter model", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.04558", "score": 28, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The radiative x-ray decay channel is only motivated: no explicit decay operator, radiative lifetime, or branching ratio is derived for the benchmark FIMP, so the x-ray line flux cannot be predicted and no line-search likelihood can be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify the operator inducing the radiative decay (e.g. a loop-level dipole from the Yukawa sector or the axino-like mapping), derive the lifetime as a function of m_chi and the feeble couplings, and compare the predicted line flux against published X-ray line limits (XMM-Newton/NuSTAR/eROSITA blank-sky bounds).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1107_0403_gravitino_from_q_ball_decay_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino dark matter from gauge-mediated Q-ball decay", "family": "nonthermal_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.0403", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gravitino yield hinges on the small Q-ball branching ratio to gravitinos, which in the primary treatment is only an unsaturated-channel estimate with acknowledged model sensitivity; no implemented calculation of the Q-ball decay rates into gravitinos versus quarks exists in the registry pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the refined Q-ball decay-rate computation from the related follow-up work (card reference 1209_5781) as an analytic module giving B_3/2(omega_Q, m_3/2, M_F), and propagate its uncertainty band into Y_3/2 and Omega_3/2 h^2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_nucleon_decay_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L charged scalar dark matter triggering nucleon decay", "family": "baryon_lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No benchmark operator choice and matching exists for the chi-induced neutron transition: the chi^2n O_{B-L=2n} operators are not reduced to a specific dimension and flavor structure, and the corresponding nucleon-level matrix elements have not been matched from quark-level operators for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Select lowest-dimension benchmark operators consistent with the B-L selection rule, and match them to nucleon-level transition amplitudes using existing lattice-QCD proton-decay matrix elements and chiral perturbation theory, following the induced-nucleon-decay formalism of the related literature (arXiv:1312.0011).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1808_06816_ohelium_composite_dark_atom_v1", "model_name": "OHe composite dark atom model", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1808.06816", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The OHe-nucleus interaction potential (including the dipole Coulomb barrier that must prevent deep nuclear capture) has never been derived from a controlled quantum few-body calculation; all detector and Galactic excitation phenomenology depends on this unknown input.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform a dedicated nuclear few-body calculation (e.g. folding-potential or ab initio cluster methods for a heavy charge -2 core bound to He interacting with Na, I, and Ge nuclei) to derive the OHe-nucleus potential, bound-state spectrum, and low-energy radiative-capture and excitation cross sections.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_08107_nonminimal_scalarized_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Nonminimally coupled scalarized cold-dark-matter field", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08107", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The radial and angular perturbation equations for scalarized stars in this exact coupling have not been derived or solved, so it is unknown which scalarized branches are stable and can be compared to observations (con_2208_stability_requirement).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear perturbation equations for this F(phi)R model following the scalar-hair stability formalism of the related work (rel_2007_09864) and implement a numerical mode solver to classify stable scalarized branches before observational comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_15065_mst_eft_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "MST-EFT primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.15065", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scalar-induced GW kernel for general post-inflation equation of state with effective sound speed c_s between 1 and 1.17 is not covered by standard radiation-era induced-GW implementations.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and implement the general-(w, c_s) induced-GW transfer kernel as an extension of SIGWfast, cross-checking the w = 1/3, c_s = 1 limit against the existing implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph9702236_interacting_hot_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Interacting hot neutrino dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9702236", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The SN1987A optical-depth bound on neutrino self-scattering is only summarized from earlier work; no recast exists mapping the modern SN1987A data onto this model's s-scaling and 1/s-scaling cross-section parameterizations, though the card flags recasting as needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Rederive the optical depth of SN1987A neutrinos scattering on the cosmic neutrino background for both energy scalings of sigma_nunu, express the bound in the same lambda_mfp(T_nu=10 eV) variable used for the damping calculation, and add it as a prior in the likelihood pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_10859_nonadiabatic_gravitational_uldm_v1", "model_name": "Non-adiabatically produced gravitational ultra-light scalar dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10859", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The production calculation exists only for an instantaneous de Sitter-to-radiation transition; the abundance and momentum distribution for realistic finite-duration reheating histories have not been derived, which the card flags as the leading production uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Generalize the Bogoliubov mode-matching calculation to a parameterized reheating stage (equation of state w_reh and duration N_reh), deriving N_k(m, H_dS, H_R, w_reh, N_reh) and quantifying the shift in the abundance benchmark and free-streaming length.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_01675_present_decaying_lepton_q_ball_v1", "model_name": "Present-decaying lepton-number SUSY Q-ball dark-matter subcomponent", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.01675", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The pion multiplicity and branching per unit charge when the pion channels open near the end of the Q-ball lifetime is not derived, leaving the normalization of the 67.5 MeV line and charged-pion bremsstrahlung continuum uncertain relative to the lepton channels.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the hadronic branching of Q-ball surface evaporation as the mass-per-charge crosses the pion threshold, extending the standard saturated surface-evaporation rate calculation to multi-species final states, and tabulate photon yields per unit charge for use in the flux step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_08399_extra_modulus_diluted_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extra-light-modulus dilution of nonthermal LSP dark matter in mirage mediation", "family": "supersymmetric_nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.08399", "score": 24.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No phase-space distribution is derived for LSPs produced in gravitino decays after dilution, so the CDM-like structure-formation assumption (con_no_wdm_mapping) is asserted rather than demonstrated and no free-streaming scale can be quoted.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the LSP momentum distribution from gravitino decay kinematics plus redshifting and residual scattering, compute the free-streaming length for the 100-2000 GeV benchmarks, and confirm it lies far below observable structure-formation scales.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_01327_axionlike_dark_matter_electroweak_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Axionlike dark matter electroweak cogenesis model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.01327", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The hidden-sector sphaleron friction coefficient is never derived from a concrete hidden non-Abelian gauge sector (coupling, temperature ratio, confinement scale), leaving the pre-EWPT attractor and hence the relic normalization as an unspecified phenomenological input.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive Gamma_friction(T) from the hidden SU(N) sphaleron rate (Gamma_sph ~ alpha_hidden^5 T_hidden^4 scaled by the anomaly coupling 1/f^2) for a benchmark hidden sector including its thermal history and decay back to the SM, and publish it as a parameterized module usable by the evolution integrator of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_06392_so10_fermion_triplet_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10)-embedded fermion triplet dark matter", "family": "fermion_triplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.06392", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The proton-decay observable cannot be evaluated because the required SO(10) GUT-threshold spectrum is not reconstructed: the raw one-loop prediction tau_p = 4.2e24 yr is excluded, and no parameterized threshold-correction analysis exists to map allowed heavy spectra onto viable proton lifetimes.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive two-loop RGEs with explicit threshold matching for the 45_F/leptoquark spectrum and scan heavy-state masses (e.g. with a SusyTC/REAP-style or bespoke RGE code) to produce a defensible band of M_U and tau_p consistent with Super-K/Hyper-K.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_00017_nucleon_coupled_boson_star_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nucleon-coupled boson star dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.00017", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The ISM emission model covers only warm/hot ionized phases with a common electron-proton temperature; the acceleration and emission response of neutral ISM phases and the collisionless electron-proton non-equilibration regime have not been derived, and the flux assumes a single boson-star mass and fraction for the whole Galactic population.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the analytic emissivity derivation to neutral ISM phases and a two-temperature (electron/proton) treatment of the collisionless regime, and generalize the population flux formula from a single (M_*, f_*) to a boson-star mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_6374_yukawa_potential_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Yukawa-potential interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6374", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The classical transfer cross-section fit breaks down where the de Broglie wavelength exceeds the mediator force range, so quantitative sigma_T(v) is unreliable in the quantum/resonant part of the parameter space flagged by the card's validity domain.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_T(v) by non-perturbative partial-wave analysis of the Yukawa (or Hulthen-approximated) potential in the quantum and resonant regimes and package it as a fast calculator or lookup table covering the full (alpha_d m_chi/m_phi, m_chi v/m_phi) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_13378_dark_quark_nugget_dark_binary_v1", "model_name": "Dark-quark-nugget dark binaries with a long-range dark force", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13378", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Near-merger inspiral for strong dark-force / high-frequency benchmarks lacks a post-Newtonian or numerical-relativity-style treatment; the available analytic radiation formulas break down where the card's validity note says PN corrections matter, degrading the predicted high-frequency SGWB spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive PN-corrected energy-flux expressions for binaries with both gravitational and scalar/vector dark-charge radiation (extending existing scalar-tensor PN literature to the attractive dark-charge case), and validate the late-inspiral spectrum against numerical two-body integrations for representative (alpha, M) benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_3431_scalar_graviton_soft_core_halo_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-graviton soft-core halo dark matter", "family": "modified_gravity_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.3431", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The lensing observables of the scalar-graviton halo are underived: because the halo is a modified-gravity field configuration rather than particle CDM, light deflection need not track the effective density that sets rotation curves, and no lensing potential has been computed for the soft-core solution.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the null-geodesic deflection in the static scalar-graviton halo metric of the unimodular bimode theory, express the effective lensing convergence for the soft-core solution, and compare it to the dynamical mass to obtain a testable lensing-versus-dynamics prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_09836_curvature_coupled_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-coupled massive vector dark matter", "family": "curvature_coupled_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09836", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The stability analysis of the longitudinal polarization is missing: the paper notes a negative kinetic term over a finite momentum range with the non-minimal coupling and defers the analysis, so no criterion exists to delimit the (xi_vector, H_I, k) domain where the mode spectra and abundance can be trusted.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the longitudinal-mode quadratic action with the non-minimal coupling (e.g. in a Stueckelberg formulation), map the regions of ghost/gradient instability in (xi_vector, H_I, physical momentum), and encode the result as an explicit validity mask consumed by the mode solver of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_12181_cgf_dark_matter_stars_v1", "model_name": "CGF cosmological SU(2)-weak gauge-field dark matter stars", "family": "compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.12181", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The metastable radius-transition observable has only order-of-magnitude energy (about 1e41 J) and timescale (about 1e10 s) estimates with no transition-rate or trigger mechanism, so no event-rate prediction or electromagnetic/gravitational signature model exists to compare against transient surveys.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the tunneling/perturbation-induced transition rate between the multiple-radius branches of the TOV solutions for M > 5.09e6 solar masses, and model the emission channel of the released gravitational energy so the signal can be recast against transient-survey data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_09249_dark_dimension_dark_graviton_v1", "model_name": "Dark-dimension dark graviton dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.09249", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The intra-tower decay widths depend on an unknown dark-dimension inhomogeneity parameter that has not been derived from the compactification geometry, so the dominant decay channels and cascade timescales are inputs rather than predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive graviton-to-graviton decay widths as a function of the metric inhomogeneity of the dark dimension (e.g. perturbative computation of KK-number-violating couplings for a warped or deformed circle) and publish them as a parameterized rate table for the cascade solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_00705_dark_sector_seeded_nelson_barr_scalar_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Dark-sector seeded Nelson-Barr scalar WIMP", "family": "scalar_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00705", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "theta_bar corrections and Nelson-Barr quality are handled with qualitative loop/operator-order estimates; no explicit higher-loop calculation of the induced theta_bar from the dark-sector Yukawas exists to confirm the nEDM-driven theta_bar < 1e-10 requirement across the WIMP-viable parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the leading two-loop contributions to the down-quark mass-matrix phase from the B, D_i, and dark-scalar sector and evaluate theta_bar numerically over the relic-viable scan points, mapping where the quality condition fails.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_06469_majorana_majoron_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Majorana Majoron ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.06469", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The anomaly-induced a-Z-gamma coupling and possible inverse-Primakoff-like laboratory signals are only sketched qualitatively in the primary paper; no derived coupling values or recast against existing ALP search limits exist for this Majoron.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive g_aZgamma and the effective photon coupling from the electroweak chiral anomaly for this lepton-number charge assignment, then recast published ALP photon-coupling limits (helioscope, haloscope, astrophysical) onto the (m_a, f_a) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_03123_deeply_bound_sexaquark_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Deeply bound uuddss sexaquark dark matter", "family": "sexaquark_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.03123", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The compact-S overlap with two-baryon and nuclear states — controlling the transition amplitude lambda, the S lifetime, nuclear conversion rates, and the post-QCD breakup rate — is unknown to orders of magnitude; all stability and relic-preservation conclusions hinge on assumed effective hadronic matrix elements.", "proposed_resolution": "A lattice-QCD computation of the uuddss binding energy and of the S <-> BB' overlap/transition matrix elements (extending existing H-dibaryon lattice programs to the deeply bound compact configuration), supplemented by quark-model estimates to bracket the wavefunction-overlap suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_0506_spin_3_2_effective_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Spin-3/2 effective dark matter", "family": "effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.0506", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No EFT-validity/unitarity cutoff has been derived for the spin-3/2 contact operators (eft_cutoff is null and the card notes no cutoff was extracted), so the mass-coupling range over which the relic and detection predictions can be trusted is undefined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive perturbative-unitarity bounds on each of the 14 operators (partial-wave analysis of the 2-to-2 amplitudes, which grow with energy for spin-3/2) and record the resulting validity domain Lambda(M, G_i^f) on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_5934_u1_prime_extra_doublet_fermion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)' extra doublet neutral fermion cold dark matter", "family": "u1_prime_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.5934", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The complete anomaly-free U(1)' charge assignment for the extra SU(2)_L doublet and its anomaly-canceling partners is not preserved in the card (lagrangian_available: partial, no charge table), so the candidate's Z' and Z couplings needed by every downstream step are not fully specified.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct the full anomaly-free charge table and Yukawa mass terms from the primary paper and its references, and write out the neutral-doublet couplings to Z', Z, and W as an explicit parameterized Lagrangian.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1504_07970_susy_su2h_confinement_z2_r_parity_dm_v1", "model_name": "SUSY SU(2)_H confinement model with Z2- and R-parity dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.07970", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The low-energy effective theory below the SU(2)_H confinement scale — mass spectrum and couplings of the fifteen mesonic superfields and the Z2/R-parity-odd states, including the identity of the lightest odd-sector particles — is not derived beyond a single benchmark, so no forward model has defined inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Write down the full confined-phase superpotential and soft terms for the mesonic superfields, diagonalize the parity-odd mass matrices over the model parameters (not just the benchmark), and publish the spectrum calculation so the DM candidate(s) and their couplings are explicit functions of the inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_09913_scalar_hexaquark_s_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar hexaquark S dark matter", "family": "baryonic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.09913", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nuclear-stability calculation exists for the predicted m_S = 1.18-1.24 GeV window: the double-weak conversion rates of nucleon pairs in nuclei (especially oxygen) into S, and the corresponding dibaryon lifetime, have not been computed with realistic nuclear matrix elements and compactness suppression.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute nn/pp/pn -> S conversion matrix elements in oxygen and other benchmark nuclei using a nuclear shell-model or ab-initio treatment combined with the hexaquark wavefunction-overlap suppression factor, following the Farrar-style compact-sexaquark formalism, and publish exclusion curves in (m_S, S-nucleon coupling).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0509592_complex_scalar_dark_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Complex scalar dark fluid", "family": "complex_scalar_dark_fluid", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0509592", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The effective sound speed and pressure perturbation of the internally rotating complex scalar with V = m^2 phi^2 + A exp(-B|phi|) have not been derived, so Chaplygin-gas matter-power caveats cannot be legitimately transferred and the unified-fluid perturbation behavior is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the perturbation equations for the complex scalar in the rotating-phase ansatz, obtaining the effective c_s^2(k,z) and nonadiabatic pressure in both the quadratic-dominated (matter-like) and exponential-dominated (dark-energy-like) regimes, following the standard quintessence/UDM perturbation formalism.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph9802236_primordial_quark_object_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial quark-object dark matter", "family": "quark_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9802236", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative stability calculation for macroscopic u/d/s quark objects: the MIT-bag stability argument is extrapolated from ~20-quark systems with no equation of state valid at astrophysical quark numbers, so the minimum stable mass and survival of primordial quark objects cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive a strange-quark-matter equation of state and stability window as a function of baryon number using modern perturbative-QCD-matched bag or NJL-model calculations (as done in the strange-quark-star literature), and publish the resulting stability flag as a small standalone module parameterized by (B, m_s, quark number).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509039_moduli_anomaly_higgsino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mixed moduli-anomaly mediated MSSM with nonthermal neutral-Higgsino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509039", "score": 19.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No momentum distribution has been derived for the Higgsinos produced in the gravitino-decay chain at T_R about 100 MeV (phase_space distribution_function_available unknown), so the free-streaming/kinetic re-equilibration check that certifies the population as cold dark matter is missing.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(p) for Higgsinos from two-body gravitino decay including redshift and electroweak scattering with the MeV-scale plasma, compute the resulting free-streaming length, and record whether any warm-component correction to the relic interpretation is needed.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_00455_tunneling_sddm_v1", "model_name": "Tunneling-stabilized self-destructing bound-state dark matter", "family": "self_destructing_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00455", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The two-minimum potential is purely phenomenological: the tunneling lifetime of the metastable state and the matter-scattering cross section for excitation over the barrier into the promptly annihilating configuration are not computed from specified mediator dynamics, so the event-rate normalization and the tau_parent versus detector-lifetime separation are undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the bound-state quantum mechanics of the two-minimum potential numerically: compute WKB/instanton tunneling rates as a function of R and h_b R, and calculate nuclear-scattering-induced transition matrix elements between the metastable, delocalized, and inner states, packaging the result as a parameterized transition-rate module for the Earth-transition step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03313_superheavy_proton_like_virtual_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy proton-like dark matter decaying through virtual black holes", "family": "superheavy_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03313", "score": 12, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The parton-level final states and fragmentation of the virtual-black-hole baryon-number-violating decay of the composite X (three superheavy constituent quarks) are not derived, so no injection spectrum exists to feed a propagation code.", "proposed_resolution": "Define benchmark quark/lepton final states consistent with the source's virtual-black-hole quantum-number restrictions and compute the QCD plus electroweak fragmentation spectra at M_X ~ 1e12 GeV with HDMSpectra, releasing tabulated dN/dE for p, gamma, and nu.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 29, "rank_structure_formation": 41}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "PBH formation & abundance pipeline", "n_gaps": 47, "n_models": 47, "weight": 1131.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 9, "weight_structure_formation": 251.4, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 23, "degrades_precision": 20, "minor": 4}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 30, "large": 17}, "members": [{"model_id": "1911_13281_n_machos_v1", "model_name": "N MACHOs", "family": "multi_sector_compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.13281", "score": 47, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No binary-formation and merger-rate model exists for N-MACHOs, and no waveform assessment distinguishes their neutron-star-like compactness at nonstandard masses from primordial black holes, so the gravitational-wave channel cannot be evaluated even at order-of-magnitude level.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt PBH early- and late-universe binary-formation rate derivations to the N-MACHO mass function and halo distribution, and compute inspiral-merger signatures (tidal deformability from the polytropic equation of state) to estimate detectable merger rates for ground-based and future detectors.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04053_early_matter_dominated_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Early matter-dominated primordial black hole dark matter with non-Gaussian clustering", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1909.04053", "score": 35.9, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The merger-rate implication of large-scale PBH clustering is only noted qualitatively; no forward model exists that maps the early-matter-domination clustering power P_PBH(k) into PBH binary formation and a LIGO/Virgo-comparable merger rate for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the clustered-PBH binary formation rate by extending standard early-universe PBH binary formation calculations to include the non-Gaussian clustering enhancement (local density and tidal environments drawn from the C_2-enhanced correlation function), validated with small N-body realizations of clustered PBH initial conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_12258_pbh_sterile_neutrinogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH sterile neutrinogenesis of sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.12258", "score": 35, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The multimessenger discriminator is only qualitative: no quantitative gravitational-wave spectrum is derived for the PBH formation scenario and the PBH-dominated era (including the transition to radiation domination) that would accompany sterile neutrinogenesis at the benchmark M_PBH and beta values.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the induced and Poisson-fluctuation GW spectra for a PBH-dominated era with the paper's monochromatic mass function (1 g to 2e7 g benchmarks), producing Omega_GW(f) predictions comparable to LISA/ET sensitivity curves alongside the sterile-neutrino parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_09239_nontopological_soliton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scalar nontopological soliton dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.09239", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-binary gravitational-wave channel lacks a binary formation and merger-rate calculation for NTSs with an additional attractive dark force, and no GW search likelihood exists for the resulting sub-microlensing-mass compact binaries.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the NTS binary capture and merger rate as a function of dark force strength and mass function (adapting PBH-binary formation formalism), then recast LIGO/Virgo subsolar-mass and continuous-wave search sensitivities into limits on the predicted merger rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_05608_evaporating_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Evaporating primordial black-hole dark matter as varying dark energy", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.05608", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Delta N_eff ~ 0.35 estimate for the ultralight 1e9 g PBH population uses an instantaneous-neutrino-decoupling approximation that the card itself flags as needing a more accurate treatment, and no BBN-consistent calculation of the energy injection around neutrino decoupling exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Redo the energy-injection calculation with a full neutrino-decoupling transport treatment (extending a code of the FortEPiaNO/nudec_BSM class with the PBH evaporation source) and couple it to a BBN code such as PRIMAT or PArthENoPE to bound light-element effects for M ~ 1e9-1e10 g.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_13137_qcd_axion_bubble_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion bubble dark matter with primordial black holes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.13137", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The heavy axion-minicluster population lacks a quantitative mass function and density-profile prediction, and the card notes minicluster lensing efficiencies are not equivalent to point-PBH lensing, so microlensing limits cannot be recast onto the model's compact-object population.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the minicluster mass and concentration distribution from the non-collapsing bubble statistics, then compute finite-source/extended-lens magnification and detection efficiencies for EROS, OGLE, and HSC cadences to convert survey point-lens limits into constraints on the minicluster fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_delayed_evaporating_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED delayed evaporating black-hole dark matter production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Induced gravitational-wave constraints on early black-hole-dominated eras are derived for four-dimensional PBHs; no recast exists to LED black-hole populations with modified mass-temperature-lifetime relations, so the ultralight-PBH GW bound cannot be applied to this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Rederive the induced-GW spectrum from a transient LED black-hole-dominated era using the higher-dimensional lifetime and evaporation-history relations, and map the published 4D exclusion regions onto the (M_*, n, T_RH/M_*, initial abundance) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_13581_nonabelian_axion_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian axion-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.13581", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB-scale viability calculation exists for this model: the source leaves the analysis of scalar amplitude, n_s and r at CMB pivot scales for a potential that both fits Planck/BICEP/Keck and preserves the small-scale instability crossing to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "For candidate axion potentials, compute the CMB-scale background observables (A_s, n_s, r including the chromo-natural gauge-field contributions) with the same solver used for the PBH peak, and confront them with published Planck/BICEP/Keck constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_03942_curvaton_ssr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Curvaton sound-speed-resonance primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1908.03942", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with Gaussian statistics and a fixed collapse threshold delta_c, but curvaton-sourced perturbations are intrinsically non-Gaussian and the narrow resonant peak makes f_PBH exponentially sensitive to the assumed statistics; no derivation of the non-Gaussian formation probability for the SSR curvaton spectrum exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-Gaussian PDF of the density (compaction-function) fluctuations for the curvaton conversion mechanism and apply critical-collapse statistics with thresholds calibrated on numerical-relativity collapse simulations of narrowly peaked spectra, releasing the result as a mass-function calculator parameterized by (k_star, xi, curvaton fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_11639_pbh_dm_from_bl_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from late B-L phase-transition patches", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.11639", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH mass function is treated as monochromatic; the extended mass spectrum implied by the distribution of late-nucleation times has not been derived, and evaporation/microlensing constraints on the all-DM window shift for extended distributions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the PBH mass function from the nucleation-time distribution of surviving false-vacuum patches (convolving patch size at collapse with the horizon mass), then recast the asteroid-mass-window constraints using the standard extended-mass-function weighting applied to compiled bounds (e.g. the PBHbounds compilation).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_09411_alp_supercooled_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ALP-triggered supercooled-phase-transition primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.09411", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "PBH formation is treated only in a monochromatic, instantaneous-reheating approximation; the extended PBH mass function and non-instantaneous reheating/dilution corrections needed to robustly evaluate f_PBH — and to test whether the NANOGrav-preferred region truly overcloses — are not derived.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the delayed false-vacuum-decay calculation to the full late-patch statistics, deriving an extended PBH mass function and adding prolonged-reheating and entropy-dilution branches, then rerun the f_PBH=1 contour and the NANOGrav overclosure check.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_09790_modified_affleck_dine_pbh_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Modified Affleck-Dine primordial black hole subcomponent model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.09790", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB mu-distortion constraint on 10^4 M_sun PBH formation is only argued qualitatively to be evaded by the highly non-Gaussian bubble statistics; no quantitative recast of spectral-distortion limits for the model's bubble profiles exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the photon-diffusion energy release from the model's non-Gaussian high-lepton-bubble density profiles and compare to FIRAS mu-distortion limits (and PIXIE-class forecasts), following the non-Gaussian PBH distortion formalism of arXiv:2107.03580.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_08588_fermionic_dm_two_pbh_evaporation_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter from two evaporating PBH distributions", "family": "primordial_black_hole_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.08588", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN, gravitational-wave, and inflation bounds are applied to each PBH population separately as a simplified approximation; no derived combined constraint treatment exists for a two-population scenario where entropy injection from one population dilutes or reshapes the bound on the other (the card flags this simplification for precision recasts).", "proposed_resolution": "Rederive the BBN energy-injection bound and the induced/PBH-relic GW bounds self-consistently for the joint (M_BH1, M_BH2, beta_1, beta_2) history, including the second population's entropy dilution of the first's signals, and encode the result as exclusion functions on the beta-M planes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_linear_chaotic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated linear chaotic inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline maps this model's computed P_R(k) to a PBH abundance beta and mass function: the card records only an order-of-magnitude P_R ~ 1e-3 formation threshold, with no collapse-threshold prescription, window-function choice, or extended-mass-function treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive beta(M) and f_PBH(M) from the solver's P_R(k) using a stated Press-Schechter or peaks prescription with an explicit collapse threshold delta_c and window function, including the extended mass function needed for constraint comparison, packaged as a small semi-analytic module downstream of the gap_1 solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_01464_scalar_fragmentation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "primordial black holes from scalar-field fragmentation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1908.01464", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The claim of large PBH spins from matter-era formation is qualitative; no spin distribution as a function of formation parameters is derived, so the distinctive spin observable cannot be compared with GW population data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the PBH spin distribution from tidal-torque and cluster angular-momentum statistics during matter-era collapse (extending existing matter-domination PBH spin calculations to the soliton-cluster case) and output a predicted a* distribution versus M_PBH.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_quadratic_chaotic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated quadratic chaotic inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline maps this model's computed P_R(k) to a PBH abundance beta and mass function: the card records only an order-of-magnitude P_R ~ 1e-3 formation threshold, with no collapse-threshold prescription, window-function choice, or extended-mass-function treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive beta(M) and f_PBH(M) from the solver's P_R(k) using a stated Press-Schechter or peaks prescription with an explicit collapse threshold delta_c and window function, including the extended mass function needed for constraint comparison, packaged as a small semi-analytic module downstream of the gap_1 solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_02168_multifield_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter seeded by multifield inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.02168", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is exponentially sensitive to the curvature-perturbation tail, but no calculation of the non-Gaussian P(zeta) tail from this model's multifield USR phase exists; Gaussian threshold-collapse estimates leave f_PBH uncertain by orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the nonperturbative zeta distribution via stochastic delta-N on the two-field USR trajectory and feed it into a compaction-function threshold-collapse mass-function calculation, replacing the Gaussian Press-Schechter estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_01249_hybrid_inflation_waterfall_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from hybrid-inflation waterfall dynamics with higher-dimensional inflaton terms", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2304.01249", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from the nearly Gaussian waterfall P_zeta(k) peak to the PBH mass function and f_PBH lacks the extended-mass-function and non-Gaussian-tail treatment the card itself flags as required; only a source-level delta-function proxy is recorded.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the PBH mass function from the waterfall spectrum using peaks theory or Press-Schechter with nonlinear compaction-function thresholds and the model's actual perturbation statistics, producing an extended mass function psi(M) rather than a delta-function abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_06348_charged_planck_scale_relics_v1", "model_name": "Charged Planck-scale relic dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1906.06348", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic abundance f_CPR is treated as a free input: there is no implemented calculation from an initial PBH mass function through Hawking evaporation with a Planck-scale halt and stochastic charge acquisition to the present-day charged-relic abundance and charge distribution (the route lists 'PBH mass-function calculation' as a required but absent resource).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public PBH evaporation code (BlackHawk-type) with a Planck-mass evaporation floor and a stochastic charged-emission random walk to output f_CPR and the relic charge distribution as functions of the initial mass function, checked against the ordinary full-evaporation limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_14069_memory_burden_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Memory-burden primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.14069", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Beyond the soft-quanta (E ~ 1/r_g) assumption, no quantitative emission-spectrum prescription d^2N/dE dt exists for the memory-burden stage, so the electromagnetic and hadronic injection history of a half-decayed PBH cannot be computed even within the phenomenological ansatz.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive, within the entropy-suppression ansatz, a parameterized greybody-weighted emission spectrum for the post-half-decay stage (rate suppressed by S^-n, quanta of order 1/r_g), publish it as a species-by-species spectrum table parameterized by (M, n), and propagate the ansatz uncertainty as a nuisance parameter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1401_1909_pbh_evaporation_hidden_sector_dm_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation hidden-sector dark matter cogenesis model", "family": "nonthermal_pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1401.1909", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full redshifted Hawking-emission phase-space distribution f(q) for the hidden-sector DM (including grey-body factors, spin dependence, and the PBH mass-loss history) has not been derived or implemented, so the linear transfer function and small-scale power suppression are known only via a mean-momentum estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the emitted DM spectrum with BlackHawk for M_0 ~ 10^5 M_Pl including grey-body factors, redshift it through the entropy-dilution history, and feed the resulting f(q) into the CLASS ncdm module to obtain the transfer function and half-mode mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_04858_primordial_extremal_black_hole_dark_electromagnetism_v1", "model_name": "Primordial extremal black holes with dark electromagnetism", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1906.04858", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The binary merger rate R_merge of oppositely charged PeBHs, which sets the predicted rate of Hawking-burst transients, is not computed anywhere: no population model exists that includes the attractive dark-Coulomb interaction in binary formation and coalescence.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the standard early-universe PBH binary-formation formalism to charged pairs by adding the dark-electromagnetic force to the two-body dynamics and charge-pairing statistics of the initial distribution, yielding R_merge(M_eBH, f_eBH, charge distribution) as a semi-analytic model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15605_multifield_sharp_turn_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black-hole dark matter from multi-field sharp-turn inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2203.15605", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The probability distribution of curvature perturbations from sharp-turn amplification is not derived beyond a near-Gaussian assumption, yet the PBH abundance is exponentially sensitive to the non-Gaussian tail; no tool or derivation fixes the tail statistics for this model's narrow peaks.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the full perturbation PDF for the sharp-turn benchmarks using delta-N or stochastic-inflation methods for the two-field system, and propagate it through a threshold-collapse (compaction-function) abundance calculation including QCD equation-of-state corrections to delta_c.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_06065_axion_monodromy_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supergravity axion-monodromy sharp-turn primordial black-hole dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2205.06065", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with a Gaussian RD-era Press-Schechter estimate, but the non-Gaussianity of curvature perturbations generated by the transient sharp turns has not been derived for this supergravity axion-monodromy model, and f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to the tail of the perturbation PDF.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the curvature-perturbation bispectrum and tail statistics for the sharp-turn trajectory using PyTransport's non-Gaussianity module (or a stochastic/lattice delta-N calculation), then propagate the non-Gaussian PDF through a compaction-function threshold-collapse abundance calculation in place of the Gaussian Press-Schechter estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_00017_nucleon_coupled_boson_star_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nucleon-coupled boson star dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.00017", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Subaru-HSC microlensing constraint applies only after a dedicated recast mapping boson-star density profiles onto the extended-lens profiles used in the microlensing analysis; the card marks this recast as required but not performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute finite-size lensing magnification light curves for Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson boson-star profiles across the paper's (m, M_*, lambda) grid and recast the Subaru-HSC M31 event-rate limits onto the boson-star fraction f_*.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_07324_multi_waterfall_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-waterfall hybrid-inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.07324", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH abundance is only a rough threshold estimate: the exponentially sensitive mapping from the multi-waterfall curvature spectrum to f_PBH, including the non-Gaussian statistics of the stochastic waterfall perturbations and a proper collapse threshold, is explicitly deferred by the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full one-point PDF of the coarse-grained curvature perturbation from the stochastic-delta-N solution (first-passage statistics) and feed it through a critical-collapse/compaction-function abundance calculation to obtain f_PBH(M) with quantified uncertainty, replacing the order-of-magnitude criterion.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_03078_curvaton_asteroid_mass_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass primordial black-hole dark matter from a quadratic curvaton with vanishing mean", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2307.03078", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scalar-induced gravitational-wave signal accompanying the PBH-forming perturbations is only asserted qualitatively: no computation of the induced GW spectrum including the strongly non-Gaussian (chi-squared-like) curvaton statistics, and no PTA/LISA detector likelihood, is provided for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the induced GW spectrum from the model's P_zeta(k) including the non-Gaussian source contributions using established SIGW formalism, implement it as a spectral template, and compare it against PTA and LISA sensitivity via existing stochastic-background likelihood tools.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_08046_modified_higgs_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Modified Higgs-inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2307.08046", "score": 22.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "PBH abundance and PTA-overproduction conclusions assume Gaussian curvature perturbations with a fixed collapse threshold delta_c = 0.414; the non-Gaussian corrections generated by the dip dynamics, to which the exponentially sensitive abundance is vulnerable, have not been derived for this potential.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the local non-Gaussianity of curvature perturbations across the dip (delta-N or stochastic-inflation calculation) and propagate it through the PBH formation probability, checking the PBH/PTA joint-consistency region against the Gaussian result.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_02401_two_form_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-form-field inflationary primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2202.02401", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with a Gaussian Press-Schechter/compaction template although curvature perturbations sourced quadratically by two-form fields obey chi-squared-like non-Gaussian statistics to which the exponentially tail-sensitive f_PBH is uncontrolled; type-II perturbations are also neglected.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full non-Gaussian probability distribution of the compaction function for the two-form-sourced perturbations and redo the threshold-collapse abundance (including type-II perturbations), calibrating the collapse threshold against existing numerical-relativity results for peaked spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_15343_nonminimal_supergravity_pbh_dm_cubic_v1", "model_name": "Cubic Kähler nonminimal supergravity PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.15343", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance step assumes Gaussian density fluctuations with a Gaussian window, but ultra-slow-roll enhancement generically produces non-Gaussian tails that can change f_PBH by orders of magnitude; no model-specific non-Gaussian collapse-fraction derivation exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-Gaussian curvature-perturbation PDF for this model (delta-N or stochastic-inflation calculation on the transport-code background) and recompute beta and the M_PBH mass function with threshold statistics in compaction-function form.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_15343_nonminimal_supergravity_pbh_dm_sextic_v1", "model_name": "Sextic Kähler nonminimal supergravity PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.15343", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance step assumes Gaussian density fluctuations with a Gaussian window, but ultra-slow-roll enhancement near the balanced false/true-vacuum structure generically produces non-Gaussian tails that can change f_PBH by orders of magnitude; no model-specific non-Gaussian collapse-fraction derivation exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-Gaussian curvature-perturbation PDF for this model (delta-N or stochastic-inflation calculation on the transport-code background) and recompute beta and the M_PBH mass function with threshold statistics in compaction-function form.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_09630_double_well_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass primordial black holes from double-well inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.09630", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No precise PBH mass-function calculation exists for this model: the paper uses an order-of-magnitude formation estimate, while f_PBH depends exponentially on the peak height and on collapse-threshold, spectral-shape, and non-Gaussianity choices (the card notes extended mass functions and non-Gaussianity are not handled).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute f_PBH(M) from the model's P_R(k) with modern compaction-function/peak-theory threshold statistics, including the ultra-slow-roll/constant-roll non-Gaussianity of the curvature perturbation, to replace the order-of-magnitude estimate with an extended mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_06129_double_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1711.06129", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PBH mass-function calculator is attached that maps the double-inflation curvature power spectrum to the two-peak mass function with controlled collapse-threshold and non-Gaussianity treatment; the card flags the step as sensitive to both assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a peaks-theory/Press-Schechter PBH formation module taking P_zeta(k) and delta_c as inputs, with the collapse threshold and window-function choices exposed as systematic parameters, and validate by recovering the paper's 1e-13 M_sun and O(10) M_sun peaks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_06613_radiative_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Radiative hybrid inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.06613", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Non-Gaussianity of the waterfall-enhanced perturbations is not developed in the paper, yet the PBH abundance is exponentially sensitive to the tail of the density distribution and to the collapse threshold, so f_PBH(M) computed with Gaussian statistics carries an uncontrolled systematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the non-Gaussian statistics of the curvature perturbation through the waterfall transition (e.g. via the delta-N formalism or stochastic-inflation lattice methods applied to this potential) and propagate them into the PBH collapse fraction with compaction-function thresholds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_14660_gravitational_genesis_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-genesis two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.14660", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The phase-space distribution function of the particle component produced by PBH Hawking evaporation (including redshifting of momenta emitted over the evaporation history) has not been derived for this model, so the mixed cold-relic plus warm-particle NCDM transfer function cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the greybody Hawking emission spectrum for the dark particle as a function of PBH mass (e.g. with BlackHawk-style evaporation spectra), integrate over the evaporation history with cosmological redshifting to obtain f(q) today, and feed it to CLASS as a tabulated ncdm distribution alongside a cold PBH-relic fluid component.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_12332_regular_black_hole_remnant_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planck-mass regular black-hole remnant dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2203.12332", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calculation fixes the number density of microscopic regular black holes produced during inflation or reheating, so the remnant relic abundance is undetermined and the candidate cannot be compared to the observed dark matter density.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing PBH formation machinery (critical-collapse thresholds with a parameterized primordial power spectrum, or the cited reheating collision mechanism) to the microscopic-mass regime, and publish Omega_remnant as a function of the inflationary/reheating parameters and formation time.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_16035_transient_constant_roll_pbh_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from transient constant-roll inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.16035", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The perturbativity conclusion rests on representative cubic-action one-loop terms only; the complete one-loop correction to the enhanced spectrum (including quartic interactions and boundary terms for a smooth constant-roll transition) has not been derived, leaving the validity of the tree-level P_R(k) uncertain at the claimed PBH-forming amplitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the full one-loop power spectrum for the transient constant-roll insertion, including all cubic and quartic vertices and smooth-transition boundary terms, and publish the resulting perturbativity bound as a cut on (eta, duration, P_R peak) usable by the gap_1 pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_05300_primordial_fifth_force_dm_halos_v1", "model_name": "Primordial dark matter halos from scalar fifth forces", "family": "fifth_force_clumped_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.05300", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The claimed suppression of CMB energy injection relative to PBHs is qualitative: no accretion-luminosity model exists for extended, non-compact solar-mass halos, so the PBH Planck bound cannot be quantitatively recast onto PDMHs.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the gas accretion rate and radiative efficiency for an extended isothermal-profile halo (replacing the Bondi-onto-horizon treatment of PBH studies), then feed the resulting energy-injection history into an ExoCLASS/HYREC-type ionization module with the Planck temperature/polarization likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_09408_qcd_pbh_aborted_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "QCD-epoch primordial black hole dark matter with aborted-PBH baryogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.09408", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The local baryon asymmetry produced in an aborted-PBH hot spot is computed only with an approximate Boltzmann treatment; a quantitative calculation of sphaleron rates and the effective Standard Model CP violation in the transiently reheated hot-spot environment is missing, so the eta_b normalization (the factor 2-3 times f_PBH) is uncertain.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the out-of-equilibrium sphaleron transition rate and CP-violating source in the expanding/cooling hot-spot background (extending electroweak-baryogenesis transport-equation machinery to this geometry) and validate against the primary paper's approximate treatment.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_axion_curvaton_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-curvaton primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LIGO-mass merger observable requires mapping (M_PBH, f_PBH) to a binary black-hole merger rate, but the card provides no binary-formation model and no route step covers this mapping; the card caveats that the merger-rate mapping depends on PBH binary-formation assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a merger-rate step implementing the standard early-universe PBH binary-formation rate calculation (Sasaki et al.-type, with cluster-formation channel as an alternative) for the model's extended mass function, and compare to the LIGO/Virgo observed BBH merger-rate density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_parametric_resonance_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation parametric-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LIGO-mass merger observable requires mapping (M_PBH, f_PBH) to a binary black-hole merger rate, but the card provides no binary-formation model and no route step covers this mapping; the card caveats that the merger-rate mapping depends on PBH binary-formation assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a merger-rate step implementing the standard early-universe PBH binary-formation rate calculation (Sasaki et al.-type, with cluster-formation channel as an alternative) for the model's extended mass function, and compare to the LIGO/Virgo observed BBH merger-rate density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_10925_galileon_usr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Galileon ultra-slow-roll primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.10925", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed only with a linear overdensity relation and Gaussian Press-Schechter thresholding; the nonlinear compaction-function and non-Gaussian (USR-induced) corrections, which can shift f_PBH by orders of magnitude, are not derived for this Galileon spectrum or its w-dependent thresholds.", "proposed_resolution": "Redo the abundance calculation with the nonlinear compaction function and threshold statistics (peaks-theory or compaction-based formalism) including the USR non-Gaussianity of zeta for each w in 0.16-1/3, and publish the corrected f_PBH(M) mapping for the paper benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_03426_axion_domain_wall_pbh_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion domain-wall primordial-black-hole subcomponent model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.03426", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave spectrum has been derived for the specific wall network of this PBH calculation; the card only imports GW context from a related axion-wall paper with a different setup, so the GW observable cannot be evaluated for the same cosmology (same f_a, early matter domination) that sets the PBH abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the stochastic GW spectrum sourced by the same N_DW=1 string-wall network and closed-wall collapses used in the PBH abundance calculation, using standard domain-wall GW emission estimates parameterized by sigma_dw and the collapse-time distribution, then compare against PTA and interferometer sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09990_trapped_vacuum_bubble_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Trapped-vacuum-bubble primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.09990", "score": 18.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forward model exists from the two-channel PBH mass function to gravitational-wave observables; the primary paper computes no merger-rate or stochastic-background signal, so the gravitational-wave probe cannot be evaluated for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the standard early-binary PBH merger-rate formalism and scalar-induced gravitational-wave calculation to the broad two-channel mass function and enhanced curvature spectrum, producing detector-band signal predictions for asteroid-mass benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_3090_modulated_hilltop_p4_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Modulated p=4 hilltop inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1311.3090", "score": 16.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline maps this model's computed P_R(k) to a PBH abundance beta and mass function: the card records only an order-of-magnitude P_R ~ 1e-3 formation threshold, with no collapse-threshold prescription, window-function choice, or extended-mass-function treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive beta(M) and f_PBH(M) from the solver's P_R(k) using a stated Press-Schechter or peaks prescription with an explicit collapse threshold delta_c and window function, including the extended mass function needed for constraint comparison, packaged as a small semi-analytic module downstream of the gap_1 solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_red_tilt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation red-tilted primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LIGO-mass merger observable requires mapping (M_PBH, f_PBH) to a binary black-hole merger rate, but the card provides no binary-formation model and no route step covers this mapping; the card caveats that the merger-rate mapping depends on PBH binary-formation assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a merger-rate step implementing the standard early-universe PBH binary-formation rate calculation (Sasaki et al.-type, with cluster-formation channel as an alternative) for the model's extended mass function, and compare to the LIGO/Virgo observed BBH merger-rate density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_running_mass_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Running-mass inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LIGO-mass merger observable requires mapping (M_PBH, f_PBH) to a binary black-hole merger rate, but the card provides no binary-formation model and no route step covers this mapping; the card caveats that the merger-rate mapping depends on PBH binary-formation assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a merger-rate step implementing the standard early-universe PBH binary-formation rate calculation (Sasaki et al.-type, with cluster-formation channel as an alternative) for the model's extended mass function, and compare to the LIGO/Virgo observed BBH merger-rate density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 30, "rank_structure_formation": 36}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Self-interacting DM halo modeling", "n_gaps": 44, "n_models": 44, "weight": 1125.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 33, "weight_structure_formation": 832.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 27, "degrades_precision": 11, "blocks_all_observables": 4, "minor": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 29, "small": 8, "large": 7}, "members": [{"model_id": "1805_03203_two_state_inelastic_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-state inelastic self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03203", "score": 46.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Arepo module implementing two-state inelastic (endothermic/exothermic) self-scattering is author code with no extracted public repository, so the simulation step of the only route cannot be reproduced or extended to new (sigma/m, Delta/m_chi, f_excited) points by others.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain public release of the authors' Arepo inelastic-SIDM patch, or reimplement the two-state velocity-dependent scattering kernel (elastic, up-scattering, and exothermic down-scattering with velocity kicks) in a public N-body code with an existing SIDM module such as Gadget-4 or the public Arepo, validated against the paper's five-times-elastic-equivalence benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_6061_bec_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Bose-Einstein-condensed scalar field dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6061", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public background solver implements the complex SFDM with conserved U(1) charge and quartic self-interaction: the stiff, radiationlike, and CDM-like phase transitions that set N_eff and z_eq must be reproduced from the primary-paper equations, since standard CLASS/CAMB scalar-field modules do not cover this charge-conserving, self-interacting condensate.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a standalone FRW + Klein-Gordon background integrator (or a CLASS background extension) taking (m, lambda/(mc^2)^2, Q) as inputs, using the fast-oscillation effective-fluid approximation in the oscillatory regime and validating against the quoted phase-transition redshifts and the m >= 2.4e-21 eV/c^2 bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_16139_late_decay_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting dark matter from late pseudo-WIMP decays", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16139", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Public CLASS DCDM implementations cover decay to dark radiation or to a single massive daughter, but not this model's combined final state of massive self-interacting daughters with a tunable subdominant dark-radiation fraction F and daughter kick velocity.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the massive-daughter DCDM branch of CLASS (Abellan et al. type) with a branching fraction F into dark radiation and the daughter phase-space distribution from the mass splitting delta, then rerun the MontePython CMB/BAO/SN scans to reproduce the paper's two preferred regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_08732_ultralight_scalar_neutrino_coupled_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight scalar dark matter coupled to Majorana neutrinos", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.08732", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for neutrinos coupled to the coherent ultralight scalar background: the CMB constraint is derived from the simplified free-streaming proxy T_nu > g_phi*phi, and no CLASS/CAMB module treats the induced neutrino-plasma screening mass and the loss of neutrino anisotropic stress for this g_phi_ab coupling, so the exclusion boundary cannot be computed at Planck precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with an interacting-neutrino sector for a coherent scalar background (modifying the neutrino Boltzmann hierarchy with the scalar-induced scattering/damping rate and time-varying effective mass, analogous to existing neutrino self-interaction implementations), and attach the Planck TT,TE,EE+lowE+lensing+BAO likelihood via MontePython or Cobaya, validating against the paper's approximate exclusion boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_02170_dissipative_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.02170", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann code implements the DADM system: an oscillating axion field with an extra thermal-friction term Gamma in its Klein-Gordon equation, coupled at background and perturbation level to a self-interacting dark-radiation fluid sourced by Gamma dot phi^2.", "proposed_resolution": "Modify CLASS (or CAMB) by adding the friction term to the scalar-field/fluid equations and a coupled self-interacting dark-radiation fluid with the corresponding perturbation source terms, using an effective-fluid treatment of the oscillating axion; validate by reproducing the paper's Gamma < 2.69 km/s/Mpc posteriors and S8 = 0.795 +/- 0.011, then release publicly with a MontePython/Cobaya interface.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_03488_selective_p_wave_sommerfeld_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Selective p-wave Sommerfeld two-level self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.03488", "score": 31.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the two-level Majorana p-wave Sommerfeld problem: computing S_p(v) across the resonance islands requires a coupled-channel Schroedinger solution with mass splitting Delta and light scalar/pseudo-Goldstone mediators, which per-paper private code handled but no released tool covers.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or extend an existing multi-state Sommerfeld coupled-channel code to include the p-wave partial wave with off-diagonal mediator potentials, parameterized by (m_chi1, Delta, m_eta, alpha), validated against the paper's 780 GeV benchmark and resonance islands; the same solver yields the velocity-dependent sigma_T/m_chi.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_01124_neutron_dark_decay_dirac_fermion_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay Dirac fermion plus photon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01124", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public TOV/equation-of-state code implements a two-fluid neutron-star model with an in-medium n -> chi conversion channel and parameterized dark-sector self-interactions, which is required to turn the 0.7 M_sun maximum-mass argument into a quantitative constraint on this model's parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an open-source TOV solver (e.g. one built on standard nuclear EOS tables) with a chemical-equilibrium chi component and a repulsive dark self-interaction strength parameter, then publish maximum-mass curves versus (m_chi, self-interaction strength) validated against the 0.7 M_sun no-interaction limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_10904_sidm_dark_star_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting Dirac fermion dark matter with light scalar mediator for dark stars", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.10904", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public dark-star stellar-structure solver implements the paper's Lane-Emden-style model with SIDM annihilation heating, mediator decay-length energy deposition, and the parametrized SIDM-to-baryon mass ratio, so luminosity and radius predictions cannot be reproduced or scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release the polytropic dark-star structure solver described in the paper (hydrostatic equilibrium with annihilation heating balancing gas cooling, mediator decay-length energy-deposition condition), validated against the m_chi = 100 GeV, z~20 benchmark, and attach a JWST magnitude forecast via the public JWST exposure-time calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_14300_sterile_neutrino_self_interaction_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter via scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14300", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public supernova sterile-emissivity calculator exists for this model: computing nu_4 production and escape luminosity in the core requires in-medium active-sterile conversion with the phi-mediated self-interaction opacity, trapping/free-streaming regimes, and realistic density/temperature/chemical-potential profiles, none of which is packaged as a released code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an emissivity module that evaluates the paper's in-medium mixing and interaction rates on public core-collapse profile tables (e.g. Garching-style SN profiles), handles trapped and free-streaming asymptotics, and applies the Raffelt-style energy-loss criterion; validate by recovering the minimal sterile-neutrino SN limit in the lambda -> 0 limit, and later upgrade to full transport for precision.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_04665_z4_dirac_neutrino_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Z4 Dirac-neutrino scalar self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.04665", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical implementation of the Z4 Dirac-neutrino dark sector exists for computing the relic abundance and velocity-dependent self-scattering cross section together: the eta_1 eta_1 -> eta_2 eta_2 relic calculation and the eta_2-mediated sigma/m(v) are cited from prior SIDM literature and were never scanned for this model's scalar potential.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in FeynRules/micrOMEGAs for the relic calculation (including Sommerfeld enhancement from the light eta_2) and couple it to a standard Yukawa-potential transfer-cross-section solver to map (m_chi, m_phi, coupling) to Omega h^2 and sigma/m(v) over the quoted 100-200 GeV / 10-100 MeV ranges.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1909_02614_quartic_scalar_soliton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-mass quartic self-interacting scalar dark-matter soliton", "family": "self_interacting_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.02614", "score": 28.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the steady-state quartic scalar-field soliton profile and accretion flux around a Schwarzschild black hole (from near-horizon boundary conditions out to the soliton radius), so tau_acc and the inner density profile cannot be scanned over (m, lambda_4, M_BH) beyond the paper's private benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release the paper's steady-state relativistic scalar-field ODE system (quartic self-interaction on a Schwarzschild background with ingoing flux boundary condition at the horizon) as a documented numerical solver, validating that it reproduces the paper's maximal-flux solutions and Hubble-time-exceeding soliton lifetimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_13145_kreuzer_skarke_axiverse_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kreuzer-Skarke type IIB axiverse dark matter ensemble", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13145", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code evolves the cosmology of an O(100)-axion KS ensemble consistently — vacuum realignment beyond the quadratic approximation, Primakoff freeze-in/freeze-out, heavy-axion decays to photons and lighter axions, and self-interaction redistribution — which the route lists as a required 'multi-axion Boltzmann/abundance code'.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a multi-axion background/abundance module that solves the coupled axion field and number-density equations with anharmonic misalignment corrections, thermal Primakoff rates, and decay chains, taking CYTools mass/coupling spectra as input and emitting per-eigenstate Omega_a h^2, decay epochs, and Delta N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_vector_kinetic_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric vector-mediator SIDM with photon kinetic mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented calculator for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m_X(v) of the Yukawa dark-photon potential across the Born, classical, and resonant regimes for this model's m_X, m_phi, alpha_X space, nor a model implementation for the secluded freeze-out abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard partial-wave/Hulthen-approximation Yukawa sigma_T(v) calculator (Tulin-Yu style) as a reusable module, and encode the X-Xbar-to-phi-phi secluded annihilation model in micrOMEGAs or MadDM to replace the benchmark relic scaling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_08339_neutrino_portal_dark_force_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal dark matter with neutrino-mediated self-interactions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.08339", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the non-perturbative transfer cross section for the singular attractive/repulsive 1/r^5 two-neutrino-exchange potential; the paper's phase-shift/shooting solver is private, so sigma_T/m_DM cannot be reproduced or scanned by third parties.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a partial-wave solver for power-law long-range potentials (extending existing SIDM cross-section codes built for Yukawa potentials to regulated r^-5 profiles with the neutrino-mass IR cutoff), validated against the paper's Fig. 1 bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1507_04351_interacting_cdm_dark_radiation_drag_v1", "model_name": "Interacting cold dark matter-dark radiation drag model", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1507.04351", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The modified CLASS with the coupled CDM plus self-interacting dark-radiation-fluid perturbation equations (N_fluid, Gamma_0 with Gamma proportional to T^2) is not confirmed to be publicly available, so the route's Boltzmann step cannot be run from the card's resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Port the two-parameter drag model onto a maintained public interacting-DM CLASS branch (ETHOS-type parameterization with n=2 momentum-transfer scaling and fluid dark radiation), validating against the paper's LCDM limit and gauge cross-checks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_asymmetric_vector_kinetic_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric vector-mediator SIDM with photon kinetic mixing", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator covers the velocity-dependent repulsive-Yukawa transfer cross section sigma_T/m_X(v) across the Born, classical, and resonant regimes for this benchmark's (m_X, m_phi, alpha_X) space; the card's route validity note explicitly requires regime-aware cross sections that only exist as scattered literature fitting formulas.", "proposed_resolution": "Package a numerical partial-wave solver for the repulsive Yukawa potential (with the standard Born/classical fitting formulas as fast limits) into a public module that returns sigma_T/m_X(v) over the sub-GeV to multi-TeV mass range and 1-100 MeV mediator window, validated against the primary-paper benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1602_03191_gravitational_neutrino_condensate_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-anomaly neutrino-condensate cold dark matter subcomponent", "family": "neutrino_condensate_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1602.03191", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation of a relic-neutrino species that converts from free-streaming hot to a bound/superfluid cold subcomponent at a meV-scale transition, so the CMB free-streaming window and the late-time structure-formation effect cannot be computed beyond qualitative statements.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS or CAMB with a transitioning neutrino fluid parameterized by (transition redshift from Lambda_G, cold fraction f_nu_cold, residual Goldstone dark-radiation component), analogous to existing self-interacting-neutrino CLASS modifications, and confront it with Planck likelihoods to firm up the 4-256 meV window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_08107_nonminimal_scalarized_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Nonminimally coupled scalarized cold-dark-matter field", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08107", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmological background integrator implements this model's nonminimal F(phi)R coupling plus self-interaction potential from inflationary initial conditions to today, so the approach to phi_v and the CDM-like oscillation abundance (Omega_CDM fraction) remain only qualitatively supported.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the specific F(phi) and V(phi) in an existing scalar-tensor Boltzmann/background code (hi_class or EFTCAMB) or a dedicated stiff ODE integrator, evolving phi(t) through radiation domination to compute the relic CDM fraction as a function of m, f_B, and the oscillation onset.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph9702236_interacting_hot_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Interacting hot neutrino dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9702236", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified COSMIC Boltzmann code used for the diffusion-damped P(k) was never released, and no public Boltzmann solver implements the imperfect-fluid closure (viscosity plus heat conduction) for a strongly self-interacting 20-30 eV neutrino, so the model's central transfer-function prediction cannot be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the self-interacting massive-neutrino sector in CLASS using a relaxation-time (interacting neutrino) modification with the paper's transport coefficients, parameterized by lambda_mfp(T_nu) for both s-scaling and 1/s-scaling cross sections, and validate against the paper's 3-7 Mpc damping scales for lambda_mfp = 0.01-0.1 Mpc and the zero-viscosity acoustic limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_scalar_higgs_portal_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric scalar-mediator SIDM with Higgs mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator covers the velocity-dependent attractive-Yukawa transfer cross section sigma_T/m_X(v) across Born, classical, and resonant regimes for this benchmark: the attractive scalar-mediated potential develops scattering resonances at specific (m_X, m_phi, alpha_X) that the route's regime-aware validity note requires but no packaged code on the card provides.", "proposed_resolution": "Package a numerical partial-wave solver for the attractive Yukawa potential, including the resonant regime, into a public module returning sigma_T/m_X(v) over the benchmark (sub-GeV to multi-TeV, 1-100 MeV mediator) space, validated against the primary-paper benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_6632_self_interacting_boosted_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting boosted two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.6632", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator exists for the solar chi_A population and boosted chi_B flux including capture on nuclei via the kinetically mixed X, self-capture from the sigma_AA self-interaction, evaporation, and energy loss of the boosted chi_B on its way out of the Sun.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing solar-capture framework (e.g. the capture/evaporation machinery in DarkSUSY or the public Asteria/capture-rate codes) with a self-capture term proportional to sigma_AA/m_A and a chi_B production-and-propagation module, validated against the paper's m_A=20 GeV, m_B=0.2 GeV benchmark flux.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_2543_parallel_universe_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Parallel-universe dark atomic matter with Higgs mixing", "family": "parallel_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.2543", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dark-recombination or dark-atom interaction model exists for this sector (listed as a required_code_resource): the ionized fraction, dark-atom formation history, dark acoustic oscillations, and self-interaction cross sections needed to turn the scenario into linear-power-spectrum and halo predictions are all uncomputed (structure_formation fields are unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Boltzmann code (CLASS) with an atomic-dark-matter module — dark hydrogen/nuclei recombination via a rescaled RECFAST treatment parameterized by (alpha_dark, m_e_dark, m_p_dark, T_dark/T_visible) — to produce transfer functions, Delta_N_eff, and dark-atom scattering cross sections for this multi-component sector.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15565_scalar_self_interacting_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated self-interacting sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15565", "score": 24.2, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forward model exists for DSNB spectral dips from scalar-mediated sterile self-interactions: the related-paper dip calculation must be re-derived for the scalar mediator's cross section and combined with a DSNB flux model and future-detector response, none of which are packaged.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scalar-mediated nu-nu_s scattering optical depth over the relic sterile background, convolve with a standard DSNB flux model, and fold in Hyper-Kamiokande/JUNO sensitivity forecasts, validating against the related vector-case benchmark before recasting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_4_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-4 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The two collaboration-internal codes in the chain — the modified CAMB producing DM-dark-radiation transfer functions and the AREPO elastic self-scattering module — have no public release recorded on the card, so the full pipeline from (m_chi, m_phi, g_chi, g_DR, xi) to halo catalogues is not independently runnable.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the private linear stage with a public ETHOS-class implementation of interacting DM-dark-radiation (the ETHOS n=2/4 opacity parameterization in a public Einstein-Boltzmann code) validated against the paper's published ETHOS-4 transfer function, and release or substitute a public velocity-dependent self-scattering N-body module validated against the reported sigma_T/m_chi panel.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_04690_string_moduli_star_compact_object_dm_v1", "model_name": "String moduli star compact-object dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04690", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver produces moduli-star equilibrium configurations (M(R), compactness) for the string-motivated potential V = m^2 phi^2/2 + lambda_3 phi^3/3 + g phi^4/4 in the dense, strongly self-interacting regime; only dilute analytic scalings are supported.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing static boson-star solver (Einstein-Klein-Gordon shooting code) to include the cubic and quartic moduli self-interactions, mapping out the M(R) and compactness branches over (m, lambda_3, g) and validating against known mini-boson-star limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0204307_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting scalar field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0204307", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The linear prediction rests on a CMBFAST-era calculation; no maintained Boltzmann implementation of the cosh-potential self-interacting SFDM (m_phi ~ 1.1e-23 eV, lambda ~ 20.3, V0 ~ 36.5 eV^4) is wired into this card's pipeline, so the k_cut ~ 4.5 h/Mpc prediction is unverified at modern precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt and validate an existing CLASS SFDM extension (Urena-Lopez-style scalar-field dark matter module) with the cosh potential V = V0[cosh(lambda kappa phi) - 1], reproduce the z=50 damped density contrast and k_cut ~ 4.5 h/Mpc of the primary paper, and export the transfer function for downstream halo and likelihood steps.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0411283_late_decoupling_lorentz_violating_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Late-decoupling Lorentz-violating fermion dark-sector component", "family": "coupled_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0411283", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann/background code supports this model's ingredients: a species with a helicity-dependent Lorentz-violating dispersion relation, self-interactions maintaining equilibrium until a low-redshift nonrelativistic decoupling at z_dec ~ 0.2-0.6, and a momentum-dependent equation of state passing through negative pressure; standard non-cold-DM sectors in CLASS/CAMB assume standard dispersion and early decoupling, so neither f(k,z) evolution nor CMB/BAO/SN/growth likelihood evaluation can currently be run.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Einstein-Boltzmann code with a custom species: generalize the ncdm sector to an arbitrary tabulated dispersion relation omega(k; m, b) with a time-dependent collision term switching off at z_dec, evolve the background and perturbations (using the gap_1 derivation), validate against the paper's w(z) and distance-to-last-scattering toy curves, then attach standard CMB/BAO/SN and growth likelihoods to convert the 1-10 percent Omega_phi viability statement into a fitted bound on (m, b, z_dec, Omega_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1707_03829_dissipative_dark_electromagnetism_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark electromagnetism model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.03829", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/transfer-function implementation covers this model's DM coupled to a massless self-interacting dark photon including full dark Silk damping; only the conservative analytic DAO cutoff mass is available (step s2 validity note).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS/ETHOS-style DM-dark-radiation module to the two-component H-L plasma with recombination to dark atoms and massless dark-photon diffusion, outputting the linear power spectrum and M_min including Silk damping as a function of alpha_D, m_H, m_L, xi.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_06681_agnostic_vector_portal_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Agnostic vector-portal self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.06681", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no packaged combined recast of nuclear plus electron recoil data for light-mediator (F_DM ~ 1/q^2) SIDM: DDCalc covers the nuclear side but the SENSEI/XENON10/XENON1T electron-recoil constraints enter only as digitized published curves, preventing a self-consistent joint epsilon limit across the sub-GeV to multi-GeV range.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine DDCalc for nuclear recoils with a QEdark-style electron-recoil rate calculation using the light-mediator dark-matter form factor, wrapping both in a single likelihood over (m_chi, m_V, epsilon, alpha_D) validated against the primary paper's epsilon limit panels.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_04463_self_interacting_scalar_field_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting scalar field dark matter soliton model", "family": "self_interacting_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.04463", "score": 23, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code packages the self-interacting GPP soliton solver plus scaling machinery used in the paper, so the soliton profiles, mass-radius relation, and circular-velocity curves for arbitrary (m, lambda) cannot be regenerated without reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the quartic-self-interaction GPP boundary-value problem as a small open-source shooting/relaxation solver (validated against the paper's lambda_ini 0.4-3.5 scan) and expose profiles and velocity curves as tabulated functions of (m, lambda, s).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_4858_millicharged_atomic_dm_hyperfine_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate millicharged atomic dark matter with hyperfine inelastic scattering", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4858", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No code computes the dark recombination history and photon-baryon drag (millicharge plus atomic Compton scattering) for this equal-mass atomic model, so the CMB observable and the self-interaction consistency checks rest on approximate extrapolations of generic millicharged-DM constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a dark-recombination module (dark Saha/Peebles equations in alpha_prime and the degenerate constituent masses) plus millicharge and atomic-Compton momentum-exchange rates to CLASS's interacting-DM/ETHOS machinery, and evaluate the model against Planck rather than rescaled historical millicharged-DM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_1_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-1 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The velocity-dependent DM self-scattering module used with AREPO for the ETHOS-1 runs is not publicly released, so the nonlinear leg of the pipeline (halo catalogues, subhalo profiles, core densities) cannot be reproduced or extended with public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the elastic isotropic velocity-dependent self-scattering scheme in a public N-body code (e.g. the SIDM modules of GIZMO or a Gadget-4 fork), validated against the published ETHOS-1 subhalo V_max functions and core densities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_08064_self_interacting_higgs_portal_scalar_early_md_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting Higgs-portal singlet scalar dark matter in an early matter-dominated era", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.08064", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver computes the singlet-scalar yield combining Higgs-portal freeze-out or freeze-in with 4-to-2 cannibal self-annihilations in an early matter-dominated background with entropy dilution; the paper's numerical solution is not released, so the relic-density map over (m_s, lambda_hs, lambda_s, H_EW/m_h, T_end) cannot be reproduced with existing tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend micrOMEGAs (or a DRAKE-style dedicated solver) with a user-defined H(T) and entropy history for early matter domination and add the 4-to-2 collision term for the quartic singlet self-interaction, validating against the paper's freeze-out, freeze-in, and cannibal parameter-space bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0003046_self_interacting_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting warm dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0003046", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann solver implements a validated self-interacting warm-dark-matter perturbation hierarchy; the original modified CMBFAST relaxation-time collision term is unreleased and its tight-coupling/weak-coupling treatment and possible gauge-mode contamination were disputed (astro-ph/0106228, 2002.05778).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement an elastic self-scattering collision term in CLASS that damps multipoles l>=2 while conserving the l=0,1 moments (ETHOS-style), verify the tight-coupling limit against the published comment, and reproduce the claimed k_max shift from 1.1 to 1.7 Mpc^-1 at m = 1 keV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_3730_higgs_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal self-interacting dark matter with light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3730", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged calculator exists for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m(v) of the light-scalar Yukawa mediator across Born, classical, and resonant regimes; regime selection is currently done by hand per parameter point.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the published Tulin-Yu Hulthen and classical fitting formulas, with partial-wave numerics in the resonant regime, as a reusable module keyed on (m_X, m_phi, y_X, v), validated against the published cross-section grids.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_2_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-2 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The velocity-dependent DM self-scattering module used with AREPO for the ETHOS-2 runs is not publicly released, so the nonlinear leg of the pipeline (halo catalogues, subhalo profiles, core densities) cannot be reproduced or extended with public code.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement the elastic isotropic velocity-dependent self-scattering scheme in a public N-body code (e.g. the SIDM modules of GIZMO or a Gadget-4 fork), validated against the published ETHOS-2 subhalo V_max functions and core densities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_11622_late_decay_self_interacting_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Late-decay self-interacting dark matter production mechanism", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11622", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public CLASS implementation exists for the pseudo-WIMP late-decay history (S -> SIDM plus a small dark-radiation branch) with self-interacting daughter perturbations; the paper's modified CLASS/MontePython setup is not released, so the H0/S8 fit cannot be independently reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the existing CLASS decaying-CDM (DCDM/DR) module to a two-branch decay with an SIDM daughter species and a tunable small dark-radiation fraction, publish the patch with a MontePython likelihood configuration, and validate against the source paper's reported regime-B/C posterior shifts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_01107_axion_dm_dark_higgs_ede_trapping_v1", "model_name": "Axion dark matter with dark-Higgs early-dark-energy trapping", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.01107", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the dark-Higgs EDE background with nonthermal trapping until near matter-radiation equality followed by decay into self-interacting dark radiation, so CMB spectra, the H0 posterior, and the Delta N_eff ~ 0.37 estimate cannot be confronted with a modern precision likelihood fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS_EDE or AxiCLASS with the trapped dark-Higgs potential, the trapping-release time set by the dark-photon bath, and a fluid treatment of the resulting self-interacting dark radiation (perturbations with negligible free-streaming), then run MCMC against Planck/BAO/SH0ES-era likelihoods to fit f_EDE, z_c, and Delta N_eff directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0805_3827_bec_scalar_field_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "BEC/SFDM self-interacting ultralight scalar dark matter for cluster collisions", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0805.3827", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear perturbation solver or calibrated transfer function exists for this self-interacting BEC/SFDM model: the card provides no thermal-WDM mapping, no half-mode mass, and the small-scale cutoff is mapped only qualitatively from the wave/quantum-pressure scale.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear cosmological perturbation equations for the complex scalar with quartic self-interaction and implement them in a modified CLASS (AxiCLASS-style scalar-field module extended with the lambda term) to produce T(k), the cutoff scale, and a half-mode mass across the (m, lambda) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_14688_reproductive_freeze_in_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reproductive freeze-in self-interacting dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.14688", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transfer-function calculator maps the RFI final state (nonthermal f(p), evolving dark-to-SM temperature ratio, residual self-scattering) onto linear matter power, so the free-streaming and dark-acoustic-oscillation scales are only rough analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an ETHOS-style modified CLASS to accept the RFI phase-space distribution and self-interaction rate from the s2 solver as input, computing P(k) with both free-streaming suppression and dark acoustic oscillations across the RFI parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_12342_ultralight_axion_bec_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting ultra-light axion-like Bose-Einstein-condensate dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.12342", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public Boltzmann/linear-perturbation code evolves ultralight axion-like BEC perturbations with quartic self-interactions, i.e. the scale- and time-dependent effective sound speed c_eff^2(k,z) with lambda_s = -m^2/(24 f^2); existing ULA codes (axionCAMB, AxiCLASS) treat only the free field.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend AxiCLASS (or axionCAMB) with the paper's BEC fluid equations including the self-interaction pressure term, outputting delta_m(k,z), c_eff^2(k,z), and transfer functions over (m, lambda_s), and validate against the paper's stability examples and the free-field limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_13407_tdsidm_smbh_seed_v1", "model_name": "Nearly totally dissipative self-interacting dark matter SMBH-seeding model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13407", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The end-to-end tdSIDM pipeline — the GIZMO dissipative-SIDM collision module used for collapse calibration and the semi-analytic merger-tree/SMBH-seeding code — is not publicly packaged, so the collapse criteria and seed catalogs cannot be reproduced or rescanned in (sigma/m, f_diss).", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or re-implement the dissipative (inelastic, f_diss ~ 1) collision module in a public N-body code (GIZMO or Arepo SIDM implementations) and release the calibrated collapse-timescale fit plus the merger-tree seeding code as a package parameterized by (sigma/m, f_diss, c_vir, z_form, M0).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_liouville_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Liouville-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Einstein-Klein-Gordon boson-star solver implements the Liouville self-interaction potential; the paper's equilibrium solutions (mass-radius curves, M_max, compactness versus m_phi and coupling) are not released as code or digitized tables, so downstream lens-mass and GW-source predictions cannot be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Liouville potential in an open static boson-star shooting code (a small extension of standard EKG solvers), publish the mass-radius and compactness tables as functions of (m_phi, 1/f^2, central field value), and validate against the paper's benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_logarithmic_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Logarithmic-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public Einstein-Klein-Gordon boson-star solver implements the logarithmic self-interaction potential (paired attractive/repulsive terms with a net attractive force); the paper's equilibrium mass-radius, M_max, and compactness results are not released as code or tables, blocking regeneration of lens-mass and GW-source predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Add the logarithmic potential to an open static boson-star shooting code, publish mass-radius and compactness tables as functions of (m_phi, 1/f^2, central field value), including the stable-branch boundary for the net-attractive case, validated against the paper's benchmark curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 31, "rank_structure_formation": 15}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "CMB likelihood & ΔN_eff machinery", "n_gaps": 33, "n_models": 33, "weight": 841.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 7, "weight_structure_formation": 184.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 18, "degrades_precision": 8, "blocks_all_observables": 5, "minor": 2}, "effort_counts": {"small": 7, "medium": 24, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1804_00277_right_handed_sneutrino_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino self-interacting dark matter in double focus point BLSSM", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.00277", "score": 35.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB/BBN safety of the scenario hinges on the retarded decay of right-handed neutrinos in the bilepton decay chain, but no released energy-injection calculation exists for this specific decay chain, so the bbn_cmb_decay condition is only checked qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the electromagnetic/hadronic injection spectra of the eta_1 -> nu_R nu_R -> SM decay chain as a function of Y_nu and mediator lifetime, and run them through DarkHistory (CMB) and standard BBN injection codes to map the allowed lifetime window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3le_scotogenic_pattern_a_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_e scotogenic pattern-A fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 34.6, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No released texture-scan code maps current neutrino oscillation data and the Planck sum-of-masses bound onto the pattern-A one-zero-texture parameter space, so the viable-texture filter that gates the DM and LFV phenomenology cannot be refreshed against new data.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a small scan script that samples current global-fit oscillation posteriors (NuFIT), imposes the pattern-A zero condition and sum m_nu < 0.12 eV, and outputs allowed (sum m_nu, m_ee) regions for direct reuse in the route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3ltau_scotogenic_pattern_c_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_tau scotogenic pattern-C fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 33.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The pattern-C texture viability scan is not reproducible: the mapping from the charge assignment and oscillation data to allowed inverted-hierarchy regions, sum m_nu, Dirac-phase correlations, and m_ee has no attached code, and the card flags both data-version dependence and possible flavor-label corruption in the extracted text, so the parameter filter feeding all downstream phenomenology cannot be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a texture-scan tool that imposes the pattern-C one-zero condition on the one-loop scotogenic mass matrix, samples current oscillation global-fit chi2 grids, applies the Planck sum m_nu < 0.12 eV cut, and outputs the allowed (Yukawa, phase, m_ee) regions, verifying the pattern-to-hierarchy mapping against the paper as the route's validation test requires.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_00819_b3lmu_scotogenic_pattern_b_fermion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) B-3L_mu scotogenic pattern-B fermion dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_fermion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.00819", "score": 32.6, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No released texture-scan code maps current neutrino oscillation data and the Planck mass-sum bound onto the pattern-B one-zero texture, so the inverted-hierarchy viability filter that gates the DM and LFV parameter space cannot be refreshed against updated data.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a scan script sampling current NuFIT oscillation posteriors, imposing the pattern-B zero condition and sum m_nu < 0.12 eV, and outputting allowed (sum m_nu, m_ee) regions for both hierarchies to confirm the inverted-hierarchy-only claim.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_13643_multipole_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multipole vector dark matter below the GeV scale", "family": "electromagnetic_multipole_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.13643", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stellar/SN emissivity calculator exists for pair production of neutral complex vectors through off-shell-photon multipole couplings; the Sun/HB/RGB/SN1987A bounds rest on the paper's approximate energy-loss criteria with escape assumed and no trapping treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the in-medium photon-mediated V V* production rate (including plasmon effects) for each form factor, integrate over standard solar, HB, RGB, and SN1987A proto-neutron-star profiles, and add a trapping/optical-depth calculation to make the bounds robust at larger couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_07723_su3d_triple_higgs_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(3)_D triple-Higgs dark matter with vector bound states", "family": "dark_sector_bound_state_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.07723", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No runnable collider implementation of the SU(3)_D model exists: there is no FeynRules/UFO model file or event-level pipeline for spin-1 psi_1 psi_2 bound-state resonance production and decay through the kinetically mixed V1, so the LHC reach cannot be recomputed or recast beyond the source figures.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(3)_D Lagrangian plus an effective bound-state production vertex (normalized by the s1 wavefunction at origin) in FeynRules/UFO, generate resonance signals in MadGraph, and recast against ATLAS/CMS dilepton and dijet resonance limits with narrow-width acceptance corrections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13959_quartic_2hdsmash_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quartic U(1)-breaking 2hdSMASH axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13959", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation exists for the quartic U(1)-breaking 2hdSMASH (Type-II 2HDM plus complex PQ singlet plus three right-handed Majorana neutrinos), so the combined RGE running, boundedness-from-below, perturbative-unitarity, and Planck-scale-validity filter that gates all benchmarks cannot be reproduced or extended.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the 2hdSMASH field content and scalar potential (including the lambda_12S quartic U(1)-breaking term) in SARAH to generate two-loop RGEs and a SPheno spectrum module, then script the boundedness/unitarity/Planck-scale-validity scan over the tiny-portal benchmark region and release it with the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_10857_2hdsmash_dfsz_axion_majoron_v1", "model_name": "2hdSMASH DFSZ axion-majoron dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.10857", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public 2hdSMASH implementation (SARAH model files, RG+inflation scan scripts, benchmark generation) is released, so the Planck-scale stability validation and the inflation-collider benchmark correlation cannot be reproduced or extended without rebuilding the pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the 2hdSMASH scalar potential and Yukawa sector as public SARAH/PYR@TE model files, wire them to SPheno plus HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals, and add an inflation module that scans xi_i and quartics against the Planck A_s, n_s, and r constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_1947_pbh_seeded_wimp_ucmh_boost_v1", "model_name": "PBH-seeded WIMP ultracompact minihalo boost scenario", "family": "wimp_ultracompact_minihalo_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.1947", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Energy-injection codes for CMB/IGM constraints implement homogeneous annihilation only; the redshift-dependent UCMH boost to the annihilation luminosity after matter-radiation equality is not implemented in any public deposition/thermal-history pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DarkHistory or ExoCLASS with a boost-factor module B(z) computed from the UCMH abundance and profile model, then propagate to ionization and temperature histories and constrain with Planck optical-depth and IGM temperature data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_01200_antimatter_macros_v1", "model_name": "Antimatter macroscopic dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_antimatter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.01200", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB bound on sigma_X/M_X is a translated WIMP annihilation energy-injection constraint, not a native calculation: no energy-deposition code has been run with the anti-macro injection history (baryon-annihilation rate tracking the baryon density, with the appropriate injected photon/pion spectrum and deposition efficiency eta instead of the assumed constant 0.4).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the anti-macro annihilation energy-injection rate and nucleon-annihilation final-state spectrum in DarkHistory or ExoCLASS, compute redshift-dependent deposition efficiencies, and derive a Planck-likelihood bound on sigma_X/M_X to replace the order-of-magnitude translated limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_scalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Scalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented BBN/N_eff calculation exists for a light mediator that decays to SM neutrinos around neutrino decoupling; the con_bbn_cmb_neff constraint is applied only as a qualitative energy-density argument near T ~ 10 MeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a neutrino-decoupling/BBN code (e.g. nudec_BSM-style decoupling solver or ACROPOLIS for late injections) to include a neutrino-philic scalar with mass m_phi and width Gamma_phi, outputting N_eff and light-element shifts as a function of (m_phi, g_nu, mediator abundance).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_09510_dark_su_n_scalar_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(N) scalar glueball dark matter", "family": "glueball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.09510", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the lattice-informed glueball-Polyakov-loop thermal effective theory: constructing the temperature-dependent potential for N=3,4,5 and evolving the glueball field/energy density through the strong first-order confinement transition (including 3-to-2 cannibal interactions) was done with private code, so the Omega_g h^2 band cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement and release the thermal effective-theory pipeline: code the glueball plus Polyakov-loop effective potential with the paper's lattice-motivated coefficients (keeping the full potential rather than a single phi^5 interaction), couple it to a standard cosmological background, evolve through the confinement transition, and validate against the published Omega_g h^2 = 0.12 band and the Delta N_eff xi_T limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1202_5603_hybrid_axion_relic_particle_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hybrid axion and massive relic particle dark matter model", "family": "hybrid_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5603", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public end-to-end pipeline couples a modern BBN network to both ingredients of this model at once: the time-dependent photon cooling that shifts eta between BBN and recombination and the nonthermal photodisintegration from radiative X decays; existing cascade codes assume a standard photon thermal history, so the paper's small allowed zeta_X-tau_X island cannot currently be reproduced or rescanned with updated reaction rates and abundance data.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public photodisintegration code (ACROPOLIS) or AlterBBN to accept a parameterized photon-cooling factor modifying the eta(t) and photon-temperature history between BBN and recombination, run it over the zeta_X-tau_X plane with JINA REACLIB rates, and validate by reproducing the paper's allowed island and its photon-cooling-only deuterium overproduction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_00463_affleck_dine_hbb_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine high-baryon bubbles", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1807.00463", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No code evolves the Affleck-Dine field and Q-ball formation (fragmentation, charge partition, stability in gravity- vs gauge-mediated SUSY breaking) to predict the HBB size distribution parameters (c_I, Delta) and interior quantities (eta_b^in, Y_Q^in) from fundamental AD-potential inputs; the card lists this solver as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine stochastic inflationary evolution of the AD phase (Fokker-Planck or lattice sampling of Hubble-induced mass flips) with existing lattice results for AD fragmentation into Q-balls to build a solver mapping (lambda, n, mediation scheme, N_CMB) to the HBB distribution and interior baryon/Q-ball content.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_01717_pseudoscalar_neutrino_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Pseudoscalar s-channel neutrino-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.01717", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented BBN/N_eff calculation exists for a light mediator that decays to SM neutrinos around neutrino decoupling; the con_bbn_cmb_neff constraint is applied only as a qualitative energy-density argument near T ~ 10 MeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a neutrino-decoupling/BBN code (e.g. nudec_BSM-style decoupling solver or ACROPOLIS for late injections) to include a neutrino-philic scalar with mass m_phi and width Gamma_phi, outputting N_eff and light-element shifts as a function of (m_phi, g_nu, mediator abundance).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0504621_y_interacting_heavy_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Y-interacting fourth-generation heavy neutrino dark matter", "family": "long_range_interacting_heavy_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0504621", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The early-ionization observable rests on an order-of-magnitude WMAP-era statement; no pipeline propagates the energy injected by N recombination and annihilation products below T < 2000 K into the ionization history and a Planck-era CMB constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the redshift-dependent recombination/annihilation energy-injection rate of this model as an exotic-injection source in DarkHistory or ExoCLASS, compute the perturbed free-electron fraction, and constrain it with the Planck CMB likelihood, superseding the qualitative WMAP-era ionization claim.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_1731_luminogenesis_inflationary_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflationary dark matter in the luminogenesis model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1731", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The DUT-scale inference uses paper-era Planck 2013/2015 and BICEP2/Keck numbers with no interface to a modern inflation likelihood, so the allowed M_DUT range is not evaluated against current n_s and r constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the Coleman-Weinberg slow-roll predictions in a small module that evaluates them against current public Planck+BICEP/Keck (n_s, r) posteriors, propagating the updated allowed region to M_DUT and mu_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_00372_dark_u1d_breit_wigner_leptophilic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark U(1)_D Breit-Wigner leptophilic dark matter model", "family": "leptophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.00372", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the CMB-era effective annihilation rate for Breit-Wigner resonant annihilation with m_Z' ~ 2 m_chi and propagates it through the Planck energy-injection likelihood; existing tools (ExoCLASS, DarkHistory) assume constant s-wave or simple p-wave <sigma v>, so the claimed Breit-Wigner escape from the Planck bound is unverified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermally averaged velocity-dependent <sigma v>(z) across the resonance (including the resonance width and kinetic-decoupling history) and add it as a velocity-dependent injection template in ExoCLASS or DarkHistory, then evaluate the Planck annihilation likelihood on the fitted benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_10148_decaying_superheavy_dm_icecube_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Decaying super-heavy dark matter explanation of IceCube PeV neutrinos and baryon asymmetry", "family": "decaying_superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.10148", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No decay-spectrum generator is identified for the super-heavy regime: the neutrino dN/dE from X -> qq hadronization and leptonic cascades at M_X = 1e7-1e11 GeV requires fragmentation plus electroweak final-state showering far above the validity of standard PPPC4DMID-style tables, and the card lists a 'DM decay neutrino-spectrum generator' as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Integrate a public super-heavy spectrum code such as HDMSpectra (DGLAP-evolved SM fragmentation up to the Planck scale) to produce dN/dE_nu for the paper's hadronic and leptonic channels, and feed it into the analytic Galactic-plus-extragalactic flux integrals.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07324_multi_waterfall_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-waterfall hybrid-inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.07324", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stochastic-inflation solver handles the multi-field O(N)-symmetric waterfall phase (coupled Fokker-Planck/Langevin dynamics for the inflaton plus N waterfall fields), which is the source of the curvature spectrum for every prediction on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a stochastic-delta-N code (e.g. StocDeltaN or an equivalent Langevin lattice/importance-sampling framework) to N O(N)-symmetric waterfall fields with the paper's hybrid potential, releasing it with the single-waterfall limit and the CMB-amplitude check as validation tests.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0809_0375_power_law_tachyon_quartessence_v1", "model_name": "Power-law tachyon quartessence condensate", "family": "k_essence_unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "0809.0375", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The condensate collapse fraction — the quantity that decides quartessence viability — has no dedicated solver: the primary result rests on a preliminary spherical top-hat estimate with a finite-redshift divergence treated as collapse.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a spherical-collapse code that evolves top-hat overdensities in the tachyon fluid with density-dependent sound speed c_s(delta, a) and acoustic horizon d_s(a), reproducing the paper's <1% simple-Chaplygin condensate check as validation, and compute F_collapse over the (n, V_n, delta_in) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_07102_bosonic_forbidden_mesonic_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bosonic forbidden light dark matter with meson-decay portals", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.07102", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No acceptance-level recast machinery exists for K_L -> pi0 + invisible and B -> K + invisible signatures of pair-produced S1/S2 dark scalars (including displaced visible S2 daughters) at KOTO, NA62, and Belle II; current bounds are applied only at the branching-ratio level.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the three-body meson-decay kinematics of the S1/S2 dark current in a recast framework using the published KOTO signal-region efficiency maps, the NA62 pi0-invisible bound, and Belle II B -> K nu nu-bar efficiencies, including the S2 lifetime-dependent displaced-decay acceptance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15808_gravitational_preheating_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational preheating scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitational_preheating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.15808", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public model implementation of the five Planck-suppressed dimension-six inflaton-DM operators exists for CosmoLattice, so the resonant production regime with backreaction and rescattering (where analytic Whittaker-Hill estimates fail and rho_s/rho_phi can reach order 50 percent) cannot be recomputed or scanned over Wilson coefficients and inflaton potentials.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the C_1-C_5 operator set as a public CosmoLattice model file (derivative couplings via the standard field-space metric interface, non-derivative phi^4 s^2 and phi^2 s^4 as potential terms), together with a documented convergence/resolution study for the resonance bands, and release scan scripts over (C_4, phi_0, m_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_15343_nonminimal_supergravity_pbh_dm_cubic_v1", "model_name": "Cubic Kähler nonminimal supergravity PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.15343", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the two-field nonminimal supergravity potential (cubic Kahler term eta_3 with tuned saddle-point crossing) exists in a multifield transport code, so the background trajectory and USR-enhanced P_R(k) that feed every downstream observable cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Einstein-frame two-field potential and field-space metric in PyTransport or CppTransport, add a root-finder for the eta_3 saddle-point tuning, and validate against the paper's benchmark P_R(k) peak and CMB-scale n_s and r.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_15343_nonminimal_supergravity_pbh_dm_sextic_v1", "model_name": "Sextic Kähler nonminimal supergravity PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2209.15343", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the two-field nonminimal supergravity potential (sextic Kahler term eta_6 with eta_4 tuned to balance false and true vacua) exists in a multifield transport code, so the background trajectory and USR-enhanced P_R(k) that feed every downstream observable cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Einstein-frame two-field potential and field-space metric in PyTransport or CppTransport, add a tuning routine for the eta_4/eta_6 vacuum balance, and validate against the paper's benchmark P_R(k) peak and CMB-scale n_s and r.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_06129_double_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1711.06129", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the double-inflation background and perturbation calculation exists in the registry pipeline: the two curvature-power peaks (inflection-point enhancement plus post-pre-inflation oscillation effects) must currently be taken from the source paper rather than recomputed from potential parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the pre-inflation, new-inflation, and stabilization potentials in a public inflationary perturbation solver (e.g. MultiModeCode or PyTransport) and validate against the paper's two power-spectrum peaks before scanning potential parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2206_12624_z3_complex_scalar_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 complex scalar inflaton-dark-matter model", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2206.12624", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The Planck-scale vacuum-stability/perturbativity/unitarity filter (step s1) that defines the viable scan region has no implementation on the card: two-loop RGEs for the extended scalar sector and the boundary matching to the inflationary plateau must be set up before the source scan can be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate the model's RGEs with SARAH or PyR@TE, run couplings from the electroweak to the Planck scale, and apply standard bounded-from-below, perturbativity, and unitarity conditions as a scan filter feeding steps s2 and s3.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11502_alpha_attractor_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Sgoldstino-stabilized alpha-attractor non-oscillatory PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.11502", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline implements the sgoldstino-stabilized alpha-attractor supergravity potential in a coupled background plus Mukhanov-Sasaki solver able to resolve the ultra-slow-roll power-spectrum peak and track the subsequent kination phase.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's superpotential/Kahler potential (with finite sgoldstino stabilization scale f_0, Lambda, V_0) in a public inflation solver such as an extended PyTransport or a custom stiff-ODE background plus mode-by-mode MS integrator, validating P_zeta(k) against the primary benchmark peak and CMB-scale normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11502_canonical_kahler_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Sgoldstino-stabilized canonical Kahler non-oscillatory PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.11502", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline implements the sgoldstino-stabilized canonical Kahler supergravity potential in a coupled background plus Mukhanov-Sasaki solver able to resolve the ultra-slow-roll power-spectrum peak and track the subsequent kination phase.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's superpotential and canonical Kahler potential (with finite sgoldstino stabilization scale f_0, Lambda, V_0) in a public inflation solver such as an extended PyTransport or a custom stiff-ODE background plus mode-by-mode MS integrator, validating P_zeta(k) against the primary benchmark peak and CMB-scale normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_13787_asymmetric_atomic_dm_bound_state_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric atomic dark matter with massive dark photon bound-state formation", "family": "asymmetric_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.13787", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public dark-recombination solver computes the residual ionized fraction x_D for asymmetric atomic DM with a massive dark photon, even though the indirect signal scales quadratically with x_D.", "proposed_resolution": "Code a Peebles-style effective three-level dark-recombination calculation generalized to massive-mediator binding energies and dark temperature ratio T_D/T_CMB, outputting x_D(z) as a reusable module validated against the atomic-DM literature results (arXiv:1209.5752).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_18524_pq_inflation_axion_dm_higher_dimensional_v1", "model_name": "PQ inflation axion dark matter with higher-dimensional operators", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.18524", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver implements the PQ-inflation background and perturbation dynamics with the nonminimal Ricci coupling and Planck-suppressed U(1)_PQ-breaking operators; the paper's numerical field-equation solutions are private, so the inflationary trajectory, curvature spectrum, r, and the |g|-l exclusion bounds cannot be independently recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the complex PQ field with nonminimal coupling xi and the leading dimension-l PQ-breaking operator in a public two-field inflation code (e.g. PyTransport or a dedicated Einstein-frame solver), validating against the paper's r ~ 0.004 prediction and its |g|-l exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9709492_supersymmetric_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Q-ball dark matter from condensate fragmentation", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9709492", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Existing BBN/CMB energy-injection codes assume spatially homogeneous injection, but the model's constraint hinges on emission being localized around rare macroscopic Q-balls; no tool treats inhomogeneous, source-localized energy injection during BBN and recombination, so the paper's localization argument cannot be tested quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public injection code (ACROPOLIS-style BBN cascade treatment) with a diffusion-transport module for pointlike sources, parameterized by Q-ball number density, emission spectrum, and tau_Q, to produce homogenized effective limits or confirm the localized-injection escape.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1409_1222_minimal_hidden_u1x_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal supersymmetric U(1)_x hidden-sector LSP", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1409.1222", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cascade-spectrum calculator is in place for hidden neutralino annihilation into U(1)_x vectors whose visible decay products depend on the unspecified kinetic-mixing branching, so continuum photon and CMB injection yields cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify the epsilon-dependent X decay table, generate SM cascade spectra with Pythia or published dark-photon spectrum tables as functions of m_chi_x, m_X, and epsilon, and feed them to the recast step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 32, "rank_structure_formation": 47}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "PBH formation & abundance pipeline", "n_gaps": 33, "n_models": 33, "weight": 820.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 9, "weight_structure_formation": 218.4, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 21, "degrades_precision": 10, "minor": 1, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 25, "major_program": 8}, "members": [{"model_id": "2303_04537_hidden_su_n_qcd_axion_bubbles_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion bubbles from hidden SU(N)_H PQ breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04537", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The collapse of high-density axion bubbles (large theta_i domains selected by the hidden SU(N)_H vacuum structure) into PBHs and miniclusters is only estimated semi-analytically; the collapse threshold, PBH mass function, and minicluster mass spectrum at the QCD epoch are uncalibrated for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dedicated lattice/N-body simulations of large-misalignment axion overdensities through the QCD mass turn-on (extending existing large-misalignment minicluster simulations) to calibrate the collapse threshold delta_c and the bubble-to-PBH/minicluster mass functions as functions of f_a, N, and the bubble theta_i distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_06533_poisson_pbh_velocity_floor_v1", "model_name": "Poisson primordial-black-hole dark matter with small-scale velocity floor", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.06533", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The analytic velocity-floor scaling is simulation-calibrated only near recombination; its extrapolation through the strongly nonlinear Poisson-seeded clustering regime down to z ~ 20, and its sensitivity to non-Poisson (clustered) initial conditions and extended mass functions, are unvalidated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of discrete PBH populations (Poisson and clustered initial conditions, monochromatic and extended mass functions) from recombination to z ~ 10-20, measuring sigma_PBH(z) and cluster occupation statistics to calibrate or replace the analytic scaling in the accretion recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03580_affleck_dine_clustered_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine baryogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2107.03580", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Merger-rate predictions for initially strongly clustered PBHs are uncalibrated: many PBHs form three-body and many-body systems for which the standard isolated-binary formation and disruption estimates fail, so no reliable mapping from (f(M), xi_star) to a LIGO-Virgo merger rate exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of early PBH clusters with the model's clustered initial conditions (mass spectrum plus xi(x)), following binary formation, hardening, and disruption through cluster evaporation, and fit a merger-rate correction factor as a function of xi_star and cluster multiplicity for use in LIGO-Virgo rate comparisons.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2109_08701_broad_mass_pbh_lambda_universe_v1", "model_name": "Broad-mass PBH-Lambda dark matter universe", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2109.08701", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The enhanced early minihalo collapse from broad-mass PBH Poisson seeding is only partially simulation-calibrated (simulation_calibrated: partial), so the z > 15 halo mass function feeding the HOD step carries uncalibrated systematic uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with discrete broad-mass-spectrum PBH particles as seeds (resolving Poisson and seed-effect modes) to calibrate the high-redshift halo mass function and its PBH occupation against the analytic Poisson-enhanced prescription used in the pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04071_mirror_star_mirror_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star-forming mirror baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04071", "score": 31.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No simulation or calibrated semi-analytic model of dissipative mirror-baryon cooling, fragmentation, and star formation exists to predict the Galactic mirror-star population (number density, mass function, spatial distribution), which sets both the Gaia discovery reach and the microlensing lens density.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic simulations (or adapt atomic-dark-matter cooling semi-analytics) of a subdominant dissipative mirror sector with mirror-photon cooling functions computed from the MTH-benchmark spectrum, outputting a mirror-star mass function and Galactic spatial distribution parameterized by the mirror fraction and mirror microphysics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_13137_qcd_axion_bubble_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion bubble dark matter with primordial black holes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.13137", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical simulation calibrates the collapse of rare large-amplitude axion bubbles through the QCD-potential oscillation epoch into PBHs, so the collapse threshold, collapse probability, and resulting PBH mass function are known only from analytic scaling estimates in the primary paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Run spherically symmetric GR collapse simulations (Misner-Sharp/Hernandez-Piran type PBH-formation codes) with the temperature-dependent QCD axion potential and bubble initial profiles from the early PQ-breaking term, mapping the collapse threshold and PBH mass as functions of f_a, bubble amplitude, and bubble size, then fold in the bubble statistics for a calibrated mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_11014_companion_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Companion-axion dark matter model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11014", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No lattice/defect-network simulation exists for the two-axion companion potential in the post-inflationary scenario: the string-wall network contribution to the relic abundance, the bias-driven domain-wall collapse dynamics, the resulting stochastic GW spectrum shape, and the PBH mass function and abundance are all only rough analytic estimates in the primary paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing axion string-wall lattice simulation frameworks (e.g. CosmoLattice or the Buschmann-et-al-style field simulations) to the coupled two-axion instanton potential with the vacuum-degeneracy-lifting bias term, extracting the defect-network relic contribution per axion, Omega_GW(f) around the nanohertz band, and the PBH collapse fraction and mass spectrum versus (epsilon, sigma_i, m_i).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_07126_alp_catastrogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP catastrogenesis dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.07126", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "PBH formation from collapsing closed domain walls is treated only at order-of-magnitude level; there is no calibrated mass function or formation probability for PBHs from string-wall annihilation, which is the entire content of the pbh_from_wall_annihilation observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate closed-wall collapse with numerical relativity (or calibrated Israel-junction plus critical-collapse treatments) over the relevant sigma and horizon-size distribution drawn from the network simulations of gap_1, and derive a PBH mass function and abundance formula parameterized by (T_ann, sigma).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_08526_recycled_ultraheavy_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Recycled ultra-heavy dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08526", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH mass function from collapsing false-vacuum pockets is treated in a simplified way, with no simulation-calibrated mapping from pocket distribution to PBH masses and formation rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity or hydrodynamic simulations of trapped-pocket collapse across the benchmark T_* and v_w range and fit a calibrated PBH mass function usable in the evaporation and GW steps.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04742_spinning_pbh_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "Spinning primordial black hole dark matter from early matter domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1909.04742", "score": 28.4, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated numerical simulation exists for PBH formation during an early matter-dominated era that outputs the joint mass-spin distribution psi(m_PBH, a_star) from spectator-field overdensities; the near-maximal spin benchmark rests on semi-analytic angular-momentum arguments with unverified numerical assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dedicated numerical-relativity or high-resolution N-body collapse simulations of nonspherical overdensity collapse in a pressureless (matter-dominated) background, parameterized by the spectator-field power-spectrum amplitude and tilt and the matter-era duration, and calibrate a fitting function for the joint mass-spin distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_1947_pbh_seeded_wimp_ucmh_boost_v1", "model_name": "PBH-seeded WIMP ultracompact minihalo boost scenario", "family": "wimp_ultracompact_minihalo_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.1947", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated model of WIMP density profiles around sub-Earth-mass PBH seeds, including tidal disruption and survival in the Galactic halo, exists; the boost factor of up to 1e5 rests on uncalibrated semi-analytic radial-infall profiles.", "proposed_resolution": "Run high-resolution N-body/zoom simulations of WIMP accretion onto sub-Earth-mass PBHs through kinetic decoupling and free streaming, plus tidal-stripping evolution in a Milky Way potential, and release fitted profile and survival-fraction parameterizations as a public module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_11639_pbh_dm_from_bl_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from late B-L phase-transition patches", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.11639", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "GW spectral predictions for the very strong, supercooled first-order transitions required for f_PBH=1 are preliminary: bubble-collision spectral fits are calibrated in weaker-transition regimes, and curvature-induced GWs sourced by the PBH-forming overdensities are left uncalculated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice/hybrid hydrodynamic simulations of strongly supercooled transitions at beta/H of order 10 to recalibrate the bubble-collision spectral shape, and compute the second-order curvature-induced GW contribution from the late-patch density perturbations semi-analytically.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_14107_string_wall_catastrogenesis_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass PBH dark matter from string-wall catastrogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.14107", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No field-theory simulation of biased U(1)-to-Z_N string-wall network annihilation calibrates the closed-wall collapse probability and resulting PBH mass function, which the card identifies as the dominant uncertainty in the predicted M_PBH and f_PBH and hence in whether the asteroid-mass f_PBH=1 band is real.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice field-theory simulations of a complex scalar with Z_N-breaking bias through network formation and annihilation, measuring the distribution of closed-wall sizes and the fraction collapsing within their Schwarzschild radius, and fit a collapse-probability and PBH-mass-function parameterization in terms of N, bias, tension, and T_ann for use in the semi-analytic step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_01464_scalar_fragmentation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "primordial black holes from scalar-field fragmentation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1908.01464", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH mass-function normalization hinges on the uncalibrated collapse probability of rare overdense Q-ball/oscillon clusters during the soliton matter era: delta_c is assumed and the prefactor K absorbing angular-momentum and anisotropy effects is speculative, leaving the predicted f_PBH uncertain by orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Run targeted numerical simulations of collapsing rare soliton-cluster overdensities in a matter-dominated background — lattice fragmentation runs (e.g. CosmoLattice-class codes) to fix the soliton mass distribution, followed by N-body/GR collapse studies with angular momentum to calibrate delta_c and K, analogous to existing matter-era PBH collapse calibrations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2109_01678_ultralight_axion_dark_su3_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight axion dark matter from a dark SU(3)d confining phase transition", "family": "ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.01678", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No numerical collapse calculation connects the dark confinement transition at T_d ~ 10 keV to primordial 10^9 solar-mass SMBH seed formation; the route relies on a semi-analytic horizon-scale argument with no simulation of the collapse or of the resulting PBH mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity or radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of horizon-scale overdensity collapse during a first-order dark confinement transition, parameterized by transition strength and duration, to obtain a PBH mass function and formation probability.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_00463_affleck_dine_hbb_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine high-baryon bubbles", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1807.00463", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The collapse threshold and PBH formation efficiency for high-baryon isocurvature bubbles (QCD-softened equation of state or Q-ball-dominated interiors) are not calibrated by numerical-relativity or hydrodynamic simulations; standard curvature-perturbation thresholds do not directly apply to this seed type.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity/hydro simulations of horizon reentry for top-hat baryon-isocurvature bubbles through the QCD transition (and for Q-ball-dominated interiors), extracting delta_c and the M_PBH/M_H collapse efficiency to replace the assumed horizon-mass mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2102_05680_axion_pbh_dressed_minihalos_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with subdominant dressed primordial black holes", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.05680", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Minihalo growth around PBHs and Milky Way disruption are treated with optimistic isolated secondary-infall and circular-orbit analytic disk-shocking approximations; no N-body simulation of this dressed-PBH population calibrates the surviving minihalo mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of axion minihalo formation around O(1-10) M_sun PBHs and their tidal/disk-shocking evolution on realistic eccentric orbits in a Milky Way potential, and fit a calibrated survival function M_halo(R, orbit) replacing the circular-orbit analytic maps.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_04158_slow_fopt_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from slow supercooled first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.04158", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance depends on the far tail of the density-contrast distribution generated by slow supercooled bubble nucleation, but the primary only fits tails from finite numbers of realizations; no simulation campaign or public code characterizes the false-vacuum-fraction perturbation statistics (including non-Gaussianity) at the rare-fluctuation level that sets f_PBH.", "proposed_resolution": "Run large ensembles of bubble-nucleation realizations (extending the primary's improved nucleation-time treatment) to directly sample the density-contrast distribution to the PBH-forming tail as a function of beta/H_0 and T_reh, and release the resulting tail parameterization as a reusable curvature-spectrum/PDF module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_05774_affleck_dine_high_bubble_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine high-B-bubble PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1701.05774", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative calculation connects the Affleck-Dine potential parameters (g, Phi_1, C_M, gamma, M_0) to the actual PBH/HBB abundance f_PBH(M): the collapse of high-baryon-density bubbles at the QCD confinement transition is treated with an assumed collapse criterion rather than simulated, leaving the mapping from fundamental parameters to the compact-object population uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of overdense baryon bubbles crossing the QCD epoch with a realistic QCD equation of state (adapting existing PBH-formation critical-collapse codes) to calibrate the collapse threshold and the fraction of bubbles forming PBHs versus surviving compact HBB objects, as a function of bubble size and baryon density.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1902_04082_co_decaying_dm_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from co-decaying dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1902.04082", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "PBH formation from collapsing dark substructure during the EMDE is estimated with analytic collapse and sphericity arguments only; no numerical simulation calibrates the collapse threshold, collapse fraction beta(M), or the nonmonochromatic mass-function shape in the co-decay regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of perturbation growth and halo collapse during an early matter-dominated epoch that ends with B decay (following existing EMDE microhalo simulation techniques), including angular momentum and asphericity, to calibrate beta(M) and f_PBH(M) against the analytic model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_16877_qcd_colored_primordial_black_hole_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes with QCD color charge", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2310.16877", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No calculation exists of how a near-extremal QCD-color-charged PBH dresses into a color-neutral object through the QCD confinement transition and whether it survives; the card explicitly leaves no-hair, cosmic-censorship, and post-confinement color-screening cloud dynamics unresolved, so the surviving DM population is unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Run real-time classical Einstein-Yang-Mills / non-Abelian plasma simulations of a charged black hole embedded in a hot QGP through the confinement epoch (extending existing numerical-relativity plus lattice-inspired effective-plasma codes), parameterized by Q_extr, m_D, and T_c, to output survival probability and dressed-object properties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_00711_hidden_sector_nucleon_compact_star_v1", "model_name": "interacting hidden-sector nucleon compact-star dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.00711", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No calculation exists of the hidden-nucleon compact-star population: formation efficiency, mass function, and the fraction of halo dark matter locked in compact stars are all unspecified, so neither microlensing limits nor GW/tidal observables can be confronted with data.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a dissipative dark-sector collapse calculation: model hidden-pion cooling of hidden-nucleon gas, apply a Rees-Ostriker-style fragmentation criterion or run dissipative-dark-matter N-body/hydro simulations to predict the compact-object mass function and halo fraction as functions of m_f, m_pi_h, and the hidden baryon asymmetry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0302035_massive_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0302035", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The evaporation of low-occupancy PBH microhalos (N_PBH below about 10^3) rests on analytic relaxation estimates with only partial simulation calibration; no simulation suite tracks PBH-cluster relaxation and survival from formation to z=0 for this massive-PBH regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Run collisional N-body simulations (NBODY6-class or GADGET with softening chosen to resolve two-body relaxation) of Poisson-seeded PBH microhalos across a grid of M_PBH and occupancy N_PBH, calibrating an evaporation-time fitting function for the surviving substructure population.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2009_04731_clustered_primordial_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Clustered primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2009.04731", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological N-body simulation suite follows the initially Poisson-distributed PBH population from matter-radiation equality to low redshift to validate the analytic clustering evolution xi(x,z), cluster occupancy, and the minimum core radius r_s, which the primary paper flags as required before firm conclusions.", "proposed_resolution": "Run direct-summation or tree N-body simulations (e.g. an adapted GADGET-class or NBODY6-class code with PBH discreteness noise in the initial conditions) for a grid of (M_PBH, f_PBH), evolving from equality to z~0, and calibrate xi(x,z), cluster mass functions, and r_s against the analytic model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_06203_on_axion_like_angular_dm_production_v1", "model_name": "O(N) axion-like angular dark matter production model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.06203", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No pipeline maps the defect-sourced axion density power spectrum P_a(k) into minicluster formation and observational forecasts; the recasting step from simulation output to small-scale-structure observables is not performed at all in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized from the lattice-derived P_a(k) and phase-space output to obtain the minicluster mass function and density profiles, then connect to microlensing and pulsar-timing observables with existing minicluster forecast machinery.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_09408_qcd_pbh_aborted_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "QCD-epoch primordial black hole dark matter with aborted-PBH baryogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.09408", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No refined numerical-relativity determination of the QCD-epoch collapse thresholds delta_c (PBH formation) and delta_baryo (aborted-collapse hot spot) as functions of curvature profile and the QCD equation of state; the whole eta_b-f_PBH link rests on the small, currently uncertain separation between these two thresholds.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of numerical-relativity collapse simulations across curvature-profile shapes with the lattice-QCD equation of state, tabulating delta_c, delta_baryo, and hot-spot peak temperature versus profile and horizon mass, and release the results as a public threshold/mass-function library.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_04312_qcd_axion_pbh_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion misalignment dark matter in a PBH-dominated epoch", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.04312", "score": 19.2, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The predicted enhancement of axion minicluster masses in a PBH-dominated epoch (post-inflation PQ breaking) is not calibrated by any simulation or halo-level likelihood, so obs_qcd_axion_miniclusters cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice/N-body simulations of axion field collapse with the PBH-modified expansion history (early matter domination plus evaporation reheating) to calibrate the minicluster mass function versus M_in and beta, following existing early-matter-domination minicluster simulation methodology.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_14307_qcd_axion_pbh_early_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with primordial black-hole early matter domination", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14307", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated axion-minicluster simulations exist for a PBH early-matter-dominated cosmology; the card states such simulations are lacking, so the predicted shift to heavier miniclusters from delayed oscillation onset remains qualitative and has no likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Run axion-field lattice simulations of density-perturbation growth and minicluster collapse with the modified H(T) and entropy-injection history from the PBH background solver, mapping the minicluster mass function versus (M_BH, beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_03426_axion_domain_wall_pbh_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion domain-wall primordial-black-hole subcomponent model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.03426", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "PBH formation efficiency from the collapse of aspherical self-enclosed axion domain walls is not covered by any public simulation suite; the fraction of walls that compactify inside their Schwarzschild radius instead of radiating away as axions controls f_PBH and is currently taken from rough semi-analytic collapse criteria.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a targeted campaign of numerical-relativity or field-theory collapse simulations of closed domain walls with varying asphericity and tension sigma_dw proportional to m_a(T) f_a^2, in both radiation-dominated and early-matter-dominated backgrounds, and fit a formation-efficiency function epsilon(shape, sigma_dw, H) usable in the abundance pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph9802236_primordial_quark_object_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial quark-object dark matter", "family": "quark_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/9802236", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation or semi-analytic model of the fragmentation of a surviving quark-gluon-plasma phase at the QCD transition into a mass function of quark objects; without it the model has no predicted compact-object mass spectrum or abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological QCD-transition simulations (or adapt existing first-order-phase-transition bubble/droplet fragmentation codes such as those used for quark-nugget and PBH formation studies) to produce a parameterized quark-object mass function n(M) versus transition parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_17760_smooth_crossover_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Smooth-crossover primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.17760", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH collapse threshold during a smooth crossover with time-dependent softened w and c_s^2 rests on spherical-collapse prescriptions outside their calibrated regime; the abundance is exponentially sensitive to this threshold and the source itself flags that very soft equations of state need dedicated simulations.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Musco-style numerical-relativity collapse simulations across the crossover template (varying c_s^2_min, crossover width, and mass scale) and fit a threshold formula delta_c(w(t), c_s^2(t)) usable in the semi-analytic mass-function step, including non-spherical checks for the softest cases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09990_trapped_vacuum_bubble_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Trapped-vacuum-bubble primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.09990", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Full numerical-relativity simulations of type-II gravitational collapse of trapped vacuum bubbles have not been performed; the bubble-channel PBH mass is fixed only up to an order 1-10 mass factor F, leaving the bubble-channel mass function normalization and shape approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run general-relativistic collapse simulations (Misner-Sharp or full NR) of supercritical trapped-bubble initial data in the type-II regime to calibrate the bubble-mass factor F and the critical-collapse scaling of the bubble-channel mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_04694_rsb_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from radiative-symmetry-breaking first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04694", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The late-blooming PBH abundance rests on an uncalibrated semi-analytic collapse probability: no numerical simulation of overdense-patch collapse during a strongly supercooled first-order transition validates the collapse threshold or the resulting mass function in this regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform numerical (general-relativistic or gradient-expansion) collapse simulations of late-percolating vacuum-dominated patches for representative alpha > 100, small beta/H_n benchmarks to calibrate the collapse threshold and efficiency entering the semi-analytic f_PBH formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 33, "rank_structure_formation": 42}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Lyman-α forest modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 30, "n_models": 30, "weight": 817.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 20, "weight_structure_formation": 542.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 22, "degrades_precision": 7, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 6, "medium": 23, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_01249_light_radion_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light radion freeze-in dark matter in an RS/SBSI model", "family": "radion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01249", "score": 44.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/transfer-function pipeline exists for a mixed cold-plus-hot radion component, which is needed to turn the Lyman-alpha bound on the allowed hot fraction into a quantitative constraint on the freeze-in radion abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the derived f(q) into CLASS as a non-cold dark-matter (ncdm) species with a cold CDM remainder, compute the suppressed transfer function, and compare against existing mixed cold+hot dark-matter Lyman-alpha fraction limits or a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_6061_bec_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Bose-Einstein-condensed scalar field dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6061", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No linear perturbation (transfer-function) capability exists for this self-interacting complex SFDM: the small-scale suppression observable is routed with only the homogeneous background chain, and existing fuzzy-dark-matter perturbation codes (AxiCLASS-type) treat a real, non-self-interacting axion field, not a quartically self-interacting condensate with a conserved charge.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS-based fuzzy-dark-matter perturbation module with the effective sound speed of the self-interacting condensate (including the lambda-dependent self-interaction pressure term), producing linear transfer functions and a half-mode scale as a function of (m, lambda/(mc^2)^2) that can feed standard Lyman-alpha and subhalo-count constraint pipelines.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_06072_inelastic_freeze_in_pseudo_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic freeze-in pseudo-Dirac dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.06072", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear Boltzmann treatment exists for the mixed cold/warm population created by late chi2 decay: the daughter chi1 receives a v_kick ~ Delta/m_chi, giving a two-component transfer function that the card only estimates via free-streaming-length comparisons to thermal WDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a two-state decaying-DM species whose daughter is born with the three-body recoil momentum distribution (analogous to existing DCDM-with-kick implementations), compute the mixed transfer function, and recast against Lyman-alpha and subhalo-mass-function constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4391_n_superpartner_nlsp_to_n_and_light_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "N-superpartner NLSP decay to stable N plus light gravitino", "family": "supersymmetric_late_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4391", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for this model's late invisible NLSP decay into two dark-sector daughters (light gravitino plus stable ~GeV singlet N), needed to compute Delta N_eff and the daughter phase-space distributions beyond the paper's median-velocity estimate; the card lists a 'Boltzmann solver for decaying dark matter/dark radiation' as a required but absent code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public CLASS decaying-CDM module (two-body decay to a massless plus a massive daughter, as used in Lyman-alpha decaying-DM analyses like 2102_12498) to the multi-component case where both daughters are dark, tracking the full decay-produced momentum distribution of gravitino and N and outputting Delta N_eff(a) and the nonthermal transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_06889_axion_su2_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-SU(2) inflation vector boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.06889", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale-structure requirement (T_osc > 1.3e6 GeV, z_T > 5.5e6) is a quoted estimate: no Boltzmann-code implementation of the dark-radiation-to-matter transition of the coherent SU(2) condensate exists to compute the linear power suppression and make the oscillation-onset bound quantitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the oscillating vector condensate as a species in CLASS/CAMB with an equation of state transitioning from radiation-like to matter-like at T_osc, compute the transfer-function cutoff, and confront it with Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite constraints instead of the quoted threshold.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_07269_alp_dark_photon_magnetogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with dark-photon late-time magnetogenesis", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07269", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha floor at m_phi about 1e-21 eV is imported from pure ultralight-ALP results, but no Boltzmann-code implementation computes this model's transfer function and Delta N_eff with coherent energy transfer from the ALP condensate to dark-photon radiation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend axionCAMB or a CLASS ultralight-axion branch with a time-dependent energy-drain term into a free-streaming dark U(1) radiation component, then recast the resulting suppression cutoff against existing Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints and Planck Delta N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04278_bl_dark_photon_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly interacting U(1)_B-L gauge boson warm dark matter", "family": "warm_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04278", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline maps the decay-produced nonthermal momentum distribution of the keV B-L vector to Lyman-alpha forest constraints; only thermal-WDM bounds exist, which the card notes cannot be applied naively to this distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the scalar-decay f(q) into CLASS as a non-cold (ncdm) species with a tabulated phase-space distribution, compute the linear transfer function, and map to thermal-WDM-equivalent bounds via the half-mode scale or an area criterion against existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1211_0250_multi_throat_kk_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multiple Kaluza-Klein dark matter from stringy throats", "family": "extra_dimensional_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.0250", "score": 31.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code configuration exists for the multi-component mixed cold/warm/hot KK population plus possible dark radiation: no transfer function has been computed for this model, and the eV-scale tail's Delta_N_eff and BBN-expansion contribution has never been evaluated against data (both card constraints have likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the f_i(q) tables from gap_1 into a multi-species non-cold-dark-matter Boltzmann setup (e.g. multiple ncdm sectors in CLASS/CAMB, one per long throat, plus a dark-radiation fluid for sub-eV modes) to produce T(k) and Delta_N_eff(F_X, T_in,tunn, m_X_i), then confront with CMB, BBN, and small-scale power (Lyman-alpha-style) constraints in place of the quoted WMAP-era overclosure bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_nonthermal_spin0_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-parent non-thermal vector WIMP dark radiation model", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the sharply boosted, decay-produced vector dark-matter subcomponent (delta-function-like f(p) at gamma ~ M_X/2M_DM, injected at tau_X); the matter-power suppression is estimated only analytically, so the f < 0.01 WMAP9/Lyman-alpha bound cannot be recomputed or updated with current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-body-decay momentum distribution as a tabulated ncdm species in CLASS (injection at time tau_X with Lorentz factor set by M_X/M_DM, fraction f), validate against the paper's analytic growth-suppression estimate, and rederive the f bound against modern Planck plus Lyman-alpha power-spectrum data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1304_5243_bino_decay_gravitino_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-to-gravitino non-thermal dark radiation model", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1304.5243", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver implementation exists for the sharply boosted, decay-produced gravitino subcomponent (delta-function-like f(p) at gamma ~ M_B/2M_G, redshifting after tau_B); the matter-power suppression is currently estimated only analytically, so the f < 0.01 WMAP9/Lyman-alpha bound cannot be recomputed or updated with current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-body-decay momentum distribution as a tabulated ncdm species in CLASS (injection at time tau_B with Lorentz factor set by M_B/M_G, fraction f), validate against the paper's analytic growth-suppression estimate, and rederive the f bound against modern Planck plus Lyman-alpha power-spectrum data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1611_03793_ultralight_vector_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight coherent vector field dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.03793", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann code evolves ultralight massive-vector (Proca) perturbations with the wave-regime effective sound speed, anisotropic stress, and coupled scalar-vector-tensor modes; scalar fuzzy-DM modules (e.g. AxiCLASS-style) do not capture the mode mixing, so no matter transfer function or Jeans-cutoff prediction can be computed for quantitative constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with a coherent massive vector-field species implementing the paper's averaged background and perturbation equations (regime-dependent c_s, gravitational slip, SVT coupling), validate against the analytic particle-regime CDM limit and the paper's wave-regime solutions, then connect the output P(k) to existing CMB/LSS/Lyman-alpha likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_12730_kinetically_misaligned_dark_photon_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically produced massive dark-photon vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12730", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for the linear transfer function of a massive dark photon with the peaked nonthermal momentum distribution of this model, so the structure-formation constraint is applied only as the crude k_peak/(a_eq m_X) coldness ratio instead of a matter power spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the peaked dark-photon distribution f(k) into the CLASS ncdm module (tabulated phase-space distribution) to compute transfer functions, map the suppression scale to existing Lyman-alpha and subhalo WDM-style bounds, and validate against the paper's coldness criterion.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_04848_starobinsky_scalar_preheating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-inflaton scalar dark matter from dark-sector preheating", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04848", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline exists that maps the nonthermal preheating-produced chi phase-space distribution to a linear matter transfer function and structure-formation (e.g. Lyman-alpha, Milky Way satellite) bounds; the paper's m_chi >~ 30 eV limit relies on an approximate thermal-WDM mapping the card itself flags as not a thermal identity.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated lattice f(q) into CLASS as a non-cold dark matter species (ncdm with tabulated distribution), compute the model transfer function on the (m_chi, coupling ratio, T_reh) grid, and recast against existing Lyman-alpha and satellite-count WDM likelihoods via half-mode-mass matching.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_05783_light_magnetic_dipole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light magnetic dipole dark matter", "family": "magnetic_dipole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.05783", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Boltzmann-solver treatment exists for dipole DM-photon/baryon coupling at sub-proton masses: the CMB/Lyman-alpha transport bound quoted was derived for DM heavier than the proton, and the card notes a quantitative light-mass large-scale-structure recast is missing, so the M_min cutoff and the scattering bound rely on analytic estimates and unsafe mass extrapolation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS dmeff/ETHOS-style DM-baryon scattering module with the dipole momentum-transfer cross section (its velocity/momentum dependence and Coulomb-log behavior) valid for m_chi below the proton mass, compute T(k) through late kinetic decoupling, and run Planck plus Lyman-alpha (e.g. eBOSS/MIKE-HIRES emulator) likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1903_03116_foamy_monodromy_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Foamy dark matter from ALP monodromies", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.03116", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No pipeline converts the lattice-produced nonthermal ALP momentum distribution (momenta up to ~10 m_a, frozen in comoving momentum) into a linear transfer function and Lyman-alpha matter-power constraint; the paper's cold-by-equality criterion is only a rough velocity cut and thermal-WDM bounds cannot be applied directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the tabulated lattice occupation numbers into CLASS as an ncdm species with an arbitrary distribution function, compute the suppressed matter power spectrum, and recast against Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints via an area-criterion or emulator-based comparison calibrated on thermal-WDM limits (rel_astro-ph0501562 template).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_06320_radion_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Radion misalignment dark matter in a five-dimensional weak-scale framework", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06320", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card states the radion has a smooth-cutoff transfer function with small-scale suppression and a Jeans scale that can erase structure (simulation_calibrated: no), but no linear perturbation solver or structure-formation route exists for this model; whether the radion can be all of the dark matter therefore cannot be tested against small-scale structure data, and no ultralight-scalar Boltzmann setup including its self-interactions and subcomponent fraction is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing ultralight-axion Boltzmann implementation (axionCAMB- or CLASS-style scalar-field fluid treatment) to the radion case with its mass, self-interaction, and free density fraction as inputs, producing the transfer-function cutoff needed to confront Lyman-alpha and subhalo-count structure constraints and to bound the full-DM region of validity_structure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1610_06931_su_n_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pure SU(N) glueball dark matter with dark SU(N) stars", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1610.06931", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No relic-abundance and structure-constraint pipeline exists for dark SU(N) glueballs as a function of (m, N, dark-to-SM temperature ratio): the confinement-transition thermal history, 3-to-2 glueball cannibalism, self-interaction cross section, and damping/transfer-function scale were never computed for this card, so the warm self-interacting window and Bullet Cluster/Lyman-alpha bounds cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a glueball Boltzmann solver with lattice-informed SU(N) equation of state and 3-to-2 interaction rates (following the lattice-informed dark Yang-Mills relic studies cited on the card), parameterized by (m, N, xi = T_dark/T), and map its output distribution to a transfer function via CLASS ncdm plus a self-interaction cross-section estimate for cluster bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1808_06816_ohelium_composite_dark_atom_v1", "model_name": "OHe composite dark atom model", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1808.06816", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code implementation exists for OHe acoustic coupling to the plasma until T_dec ~ 1 keV, so the small-scale power suppression is only qualitative and cannot be confronted with Lyman-alpha, satellite-count, or lensing data.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CLASS with an ETHOS-style dark-matter-baryon/photon interaction term parameterized by (sigma_OHe, m_O, T_dec) to compute the OHe transfer function, then map the resulting cutoff onto existing Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_11176_dark_qcd_pi_axiverse_v1", "model_name": "Dark-QCD pi-axiverse", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.11176", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear structure-formation computation exists for the multi-component ultralight pi-axion mixture: existing ultralight-axion Boltzmann codes (axionCAMB, AxiCLASS) handle one ULA species, while this model needs several simultaneous species with different masses and fractions to evaluate the fuzzy-component suppression.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend AxiCLASS or axionCAMB to N simultaneous ultralight scalar species with independent (m_i, Omega_i), compute the mixed transfer function for benchmark pi-axiverse spectra, and compare against Lyman-alpha and subhalo bounds on ultralight components.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0801_3470_chilled_sterile_neutrino_out_of_equilibrium_decay_v1", "model_name": "Chilled sterile neutrino dark matter from out-of-equilibrium singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.3470", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann transfer-function pipeline exists for the out-of-equilibrium singlet-decay spectrum: the route stops at lambda_fs, while the Lyman-alpha comparison needs the full linear power suppression from the warmer nonthermal n(x) computed from the frozen-out S distribution, which is more constraining here than in the equilibrium case.", "proposed_resolution": "Tabulate the out-of-equilibrium decay distribution n(x) (from the frozen-out S abundance, rescaled by the dilution factor xi) and feed it into the CLASS ncdm sector as a custom phase-space distribution to compute transfer functions and half-mode masses across (m_N, m_S, f).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0801_3470_chilled_sterile_neutrino_equilibrium_decay_v1", "model_name": "Chilled sterile neutrino dark matter from in-equilibrium singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0801.3470", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann transfer-function pipeline exists for this model's nonthermal chilled sterile-neutrino spectrum: the route stops at the single free-streaming scale lambda_fs, while the Lyman-alpha comparison requires the full linear power suppression computed from the equilibrium-decay n(x) including entropy dilution.", "proposed_resolution": "Tabulate the paper's equilibrium-decay distribution n(x) (rescaled by the dilution factor xi) and feed it into the CLASS ncdm sector as a custom phase-space distribution to compute the model's transfer function and half-mode mass across (m_N, m_S, f).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_03909_decaying_alp_dm_direct_collapse_v1", "model_name": "Decaying axion-like dark matter direct-collapse model", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03909", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public one-zone collapse plus primordial-chemistry code includes an in-situ Lyman-Werner source from dark-matter decay with the paper's alpha_sh-parameterized self-shielding reduction, so the H2-suppression and direct-collapse criterion cannot be re-evaluated across the 22.4-27.2 eV ALP parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public primordial-chemistry network (KROME or Grackle) in a one-zone collapse model with a DM-decay LW emissivity term proportional to the halo density profile and an alpha_sh-scaled H2 self-shielding function, validated against the paper's quoted viable mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0803_3725_axionic_mirage_axino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axionic mirage mediation axino dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0803.3725", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/transfer-function calculation exists for decay-produced axinos with this model's nonthermal momentum spectrum; only an effective free-streaming-scale proxy is available, which the card flags as insufficient for precision Lyman-alpha recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the decay-produced axino phase-space distribution f(q) from the NLSP decay kinematics and feed it to CLASS as a tabulated non-cold-dark-matter (ncdm) species to obtain the model transfer function, replacing the order-of-magnitude lambda_FS estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_02615_metastable_conformal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Metastable conformal dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.02615", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann/transfer-function implementation exists for the nonthermal freeze-in phase-space distribution of the conformal scalar; the Lyman-alpha mass floor rests on an approximate thermal-WDM equation-of-state mapping whose validity the card flags.", "proposed_resolution": "Insert the model's freeze-in distribution f(q) (from Higgs/top-dominated production at T_RH) into the CLASS ncdm module, compute the linear transfer function directly, and rederive the Lyman-alpha mass floor by half-mode matching to published thermal-WDM constraints instead of the equation-of-state mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_01316_density_dependent_baryon_dm_cooling_v1", "model_name": "Density-dependent baryon-DM cooling interaction model", "family": "baryon_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01316", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Existing CMB/LSS baryon-DM scattering machinery (CLASS/CAMB modules for sigma proportional to v^n) cannot represent a density-dependent cross section sigma_int proportional to 1/(n v^2), so the z ~ 100 thermalization estimate and the possible 21-cm and Lyman-alpha signatures cannot be computed beyond the paper's order-of-magnitude scaling.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CLASS baryon-DM interaction module to accept a cross section depending on local density as well as velocity (using the background plus perturbative density in the momentum-exchange rate), compute the post-recombination baryon temperature history and matter power, and feed 21-cm global-signal codes and a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator for constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2109_04476_muon_coupled_thermal_misalignment_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Muon-coupled thermal-misalignment scalar dark matter", "family": "thermal_misalignment_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.04476", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public code or digitized data reproduces the combined exclusion overlay (fuzzy-DM Lyman-alpha, black-hole superradiance, pulsar-binary scalar radiation, NS mergers, muon storage rings) in the scalar mass-coupling plane; the route currently relies on the primary paper's undigitized figure compilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published exclusion curves (or recompute them from the cited limit papers) and implement a probe-overlay module that evaluates each bound as a function of (m_phi, y_mu_phi), validated against the primary paper's figure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_3091_relativistic_bec_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate scalar dark matter cosmology", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.3091", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No linear Boltzmann/perturbation solver exists for this three-component relativistic BEC cosmology (uniform gas, condensate, collapsed component with quartic self-interaction), so no transfer function can be produced for LSS or Lyman-alpha comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing scalar-field-dark-matter CLASS branch (e.g. an SFDM/axionCAMB-style implementation) with the quartic self-interaction sound speed and phenomenological condensation source terms, outputting T(k) over the m = 1e-24 eV to 1 eV range discussed in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_14288_two_component_wave_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-component wave dark matter with distinct boson masses", "family": "multi_component_fuzzy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.14288", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear-theory pipeline computes the combined two-component transfer function: existing ultralight-axion Boltzmann treatments (axionCAMB/AxiCLASS-type) handle one mass, and the primary simulations instead adopt CDM-like initial power with an ad hoc Jeans-scale cutoff.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend AxiCLASS/axionCAMB to two ultralight scalar species with independent masses and mass fractions, producing the combined suppressed transfer function to seed simulations and Lyman-alpha recasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1106_1256_rotating_bec_cdm_vortices_v1", "model_name": "Rotating Bose-Einstein-condensate cold dark matter with possible vortices", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.1256", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No linear-theory pipeline computes the transfer function and small-scale cutoff for a self-interacting BEC dark matter fluid as a function of (m, g); the card records a smooth-cutoff suppression with no half-mode mass and explicitly no thermal-WDM mapping, so CMB/LSS and Lyman-alpha style constraints cannot be placed on the parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the BEC effective sound speed (quantum pressure plus g-dependent self-interaction pressure) in a Boltzmann code, extending the existing ultra-light axion treatments in CLASS/axionCAMB to nonzero g, and tabulate transfer functions and half-mode masses over the (m, g) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_03909_subdominant_particle_x_direct_collapse_v1", "model_name": "Subdominant decaying particle X direct-collapse dark-sector model", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03909", "score": 15, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public one-zone collapse plus primordial-chemistry code includes an in-situ Lyman-Werner source from decaying particle X (including the three-body parabola spectrum) with alpha_sh-parameterized self-shielding reduction, so the H2-suppression and direct-collapse outcome cannot be re-evaluated over (f_X, m_X, tau_X).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public primordial-chemistry network (KROME or Grackle) in a one-zone collapse model with a redshift-dependent X-decay LW emissivity term and an alpha_sh-scaled H2 self-shielding function, reproducing the paper's z ~ 50-4 decay-epoch examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 34, "rank_structure_formation": 23}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Other / unclassified", "n_gaps": 31, "n_models": 31, "weight": 785.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 7, "weight_structure_formation": 202.3, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 12, "blocks_key_observables": 14, "minor": 2, "blocks_all_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"large": 24, "major_program": 2, "medium": 5}, "members": [{"model_id": "1310_1774_higgs_portal_png_domain_wall_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone hot-and-cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The cold pNG abundance from domain-wall annihilation rests on analytic scaling estimates with unquantified network uncertainty; no field-theoretic simulation of this Z_n-biased Higgs-portal potential calibrates the wall area parameter, annihilation epoch, or the emitted pNG momentum spectrum (which sets whether the component is truly cold).", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice field-theory simulations of the biased Z_n domain-wall network (Hiramatsu-Kawasaki-Saikawa style) for the cosine potential with Higgs-portal parameters, extracting the scaling area parameter, annihilation time, and pNG emission spectrum as functions of F, m_a, and the bias.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_02906_minimal_inflaton_higgs_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal nonminimal-coupling inflaton dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02906", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public preheating simulation setup exists for this nonminimally coupled inflaton-Higgs system; the LATTICEEASY runs behind the leftover-quanta yield Y ~ 1e-3 are summarized but not released, so the decisive overabundance bound cannot be reproduced or extended across (xi_phi, lambda_phi, lambda_hphi).", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the preheating stage in a public lattice code (LATTICEEASY or CosmoLattice) with the Einstein-frame potential and Higgs-portal coupling of the paper, publish the input configurations and the resulting inflaton yield tables over the unitarity-allowed xi_phi range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04072_mirror_star_dissipative_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star dissipative mirror-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04072", "score": 37.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The local mirror-star population (number density, mass function, and distance distribution) is not predicted, so per-object detectability cannot be converted into expected Gaia/X-ray candidate counts or into constraints from non-detection.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate dissipative cooling and star formation of the subdominant mirror-baryon component in a Milky Way environment (or adapt atomic-dark-matter cooling semi-analytics) to output a solar-neighborhood mirror-star luminosity function feeding the survey-comparison step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_02352_axion_quark_nugget_frb_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion Quark Nugget dark matter with magnetar-triggered FRB scenario", "family": "macroscopic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.02352", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation exists of a macroscopic AQN impact on a magnetar: the chain from nugget-driven Mach shock to triggered magnetic reconnection and coherent radio emission rests on an assumed trigger efficiency, so the predicted FRB energetics and the neutron-star heating signal cannot be computed from (B, impact velocity, field geometry).", "proposed_resolution": "Run localized relativistic MHD (and, for the emission mechanism, PIC) simulations of a supersonic macroscopic impactor perturbing a magnetar magnetosphere, parameterized by nugget baryon charge B, impact speed, and surface field, to calibrate the reconnection-trigger efficiency and released-energy scaling used in the semi-analytic chain.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_14446_nonminimal_gravitational_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled gravitational scalar dark matter", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.14446", "score": 33, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "For xi above roughly 70 the analysis stops because backreaction and inflaton-condensate fragmentation during resonant production are not captured by the linear mode-function treatment, leaving the large-xi parameter space unevaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations (e.g. CosmoLattice with the xi chi^2 R coupling added) of spectator-scalar resonance and backreaction on the T-model background to extend Omega_chi h^2 and f(q) predictions to xi > 70.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_06039_linear_nonminimal_inflaton_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter from linear non-minimally coupled inflaton decay", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06039", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The yield is computed assuming purely perturbative two-body decay of the inflaton condensate; no lattice or non-perturbative preheating calculation exists for the linear non-minimal coupling beta M_P phi R to quantify how parametric/tachyonic production of the light scalar corrects the abundance and momentum distribution, a risk the card's validity domain explicitly flags.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a lattice preheating study (e.g. with CosmoLattice extended to the Einstein-frame interactions induced by the linear non-minimal coupling) of inflaton fragmentation and scalar particle production for representative beta in the O(0.1)-O(100) range, and publish correction factors to the perturbative yield and spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_4821_inert_doublet_u1_string_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet dark matter with U(1)' cosmic-string production", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.4821", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The branching fraction of U(1)' cosmic-string energy loss into odd-sector particles versus gravitational radiation is uncalibrated (card lists it as the dominant uncertainty and status unknown), so the injection normalization q0 and the Gmu bound cannot be fixed from the string tension.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Abelian-Higgs field-theory simulations of the U(1)' string network (or adopt published network simulations spanning particle- vs GW-dominated decay) to calibrate the particle-emission branching fraction as a function of string tension, and propagate it into the q0 parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_00503_higgs_portal_dark_monopole_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal dark monopole dark matter", "family": "topological_defect_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.00503", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The preheating monopole abundance (and the associated dark-radiation energy density) rests on an approximate parametric-resonance estimate; no lattice simulation of defect production in the dark SU(2)-Higgs sector coupled to the inflaton exists to calibrate the yield that normalizes all observables.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice preheating simulations (e.g. extend CosmoLattice or LatticeEasy to the dark SU(2) gauge-Higgs system with the inflaton coupling) to count monopole number density and dark-photon energy density as functions of H_end, T_RH, g, and f, and fit a calibrated abundance formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0710_2360_rh_sneutrino_condensate_bdm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed sneutrino condensate baryon-dark matter model", "family": "supersymmetric_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.2360", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The abundance-ratio prediction assumes perturbative decay of both d=4 condensates; no lattice or numerical simulation of flat-direction fragmentation (e.g. into Q-balls) validates that the analytic scaling of the sneutrino and H_u L^2 condensates survives nonlinear dynamics.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of the two d=4 flat-direction condensates (as done for Affleck-Dine fragmentation studies) over the paper's soft-mass and coupling window to check for fragmentation and correct the analytic Omega_DM/Omega_B relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12730_kinetically_misaligned_dark_photon_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically produced massive dark-photon vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12730", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public lattice or mode-evolution code covers tachyonic dark-photon production from the kinetically rotating ALP including backreaction, so the full dark-photon spectrum entering Omega_X, T_NR, and the GW signal is approximated by a narrow peak at k_peak rather than computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public lattice code such as CosmoLattice with a rotating complex PQ field coupled to a dark U(1) gauge field and tabulate the produced dark-photon spectra and GW spectra over (alpha, S_i, k_peak) for the vector-DM benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_04848_starobinsky_scalar_preheating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-inflaton scalar dark matter from dark-sector preheating", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04848", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, validated lattice/spectral simulation setup exists for this Starobinsky-inflaton plus sterile-scalar dark-preheating model that reproduces the paper's backreaction time, inflaton energy depletion, and chi phase-space distribution for the benchmark coupling ratios 10^4-10^6.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Starobinsky potential with the phi^2 chi^2 coupling in CosmoLattice (or LATTICEEASY), evolve through resonance and backreaction, validate against the paper's quoted energy-depletion fractions (0.22, 0.15, 0.07), and export the chi occupation-number spectrum as a tabulated f(q).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_05090_axion_quark_nugget_survival_distribution_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter with survival-based size distribution", "family": "axion_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.05090", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Solar-corona/flare energy deposition and galactic annihilation emission (511 keV line and diffuse continuum) from antinugget annihilation are modeled only by application-specific, non-public one-off calculations, with no reusable emission code taking dN/dB and the antinugget fraction as inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a public emission module that combines the line-of-sight interaction integral I_AQN with a surface-annihilation spectral model, calibrated against the existing solar-corona simulation (EUV power ~1e27 erg/s) and applied to Galactic bulge geometry for the 511 keV and continuum predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_02779_dark_matter_pearl_vacuum_bubble_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter pearl vacuum-bubble model", "family": "macroscopic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.02779", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stopping/propagation code exists for macroscopic pearls: terminal velocity, stopping depth, and traversal time through atmosphere, rock, and detector shielding (including the ~1400 m DAMA overburden penetration-time requirement) must currently be estimated by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a macro-dark-matter overburden Monte Carlo (adapting existing macro-DM/CDEX-style overburden propagation codes) with electron-cloud drag and material-specific stopping power parameterized by (R, M_pearl, v), outputting stopped-pearl rates and annual-modulation phase at detector depth.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_14978_dissipative_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2208.14978", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The stochastic inflaton-radiation solver with a transient peaked dissipation coefficient — needed to generate the curvature power distribution over many noise realizations — is private to the source paper, so the head of the forward chain cannot be run for any new (dissipation strength, duration, inflaton potential) point.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or reimplement a Langevin solver for the coupled inflaton-radiation-metric perturbation system with a parameterized peaked dissipative coefficient Upsilon(phi), sampling the thermal noise over many realizations and outputting the full P(zeta) distribution, validated against the paper's published peaked spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_03116_foamy_monodromy_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Foamy dark matter from ALP monodromies", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.03116", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The classical-statistical lattice simulation of monodromy ALP fluctuation growth (quadratic-plus-cosine potential) exists only as the authors' unreleased custom C++ code, so fluctuation spectra, occupation numbers, and the equation of state cannot be regenerated across the (m_a, f, kappa, initial displacement) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Reimplement the monodromy potential V = m^2 phi^2/2 + Lambda^4 cos(phi/f) in a public lattice code such as CosmoLattice (or obtain and release the authors' code), reproducing the paper's O(1) fluctuation scale and equation-of-state evolution as validation, then scan wiggle strength and initial displacement.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_06506_false_vacuum_island_pbh_v1", "model_name": "False-vacuum-island primordial black hole scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2404.06506", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The false-vacuum-island collapse is modeled only with fitting formulae and a standard collapse threshold delta_c; no numerical-relativity or lattice simulation has calibrated the collapse efficiency and mass-function width for accumulating delayed-decay islands, on which f_PBH depends exponentially.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity (or at least full GR Misner-Sharp) collapse simulations of late-decaying false-vacuum islands in a radiation background to calibrate delta_c, collapse efficiency, and the mass-function width, replacing the monochromatic assumption in the abundance formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_2543_parallel_universe_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Parallel-universe dark atomic matter with Higgs mixing", "family": "parallel_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.2543", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The conversion of the assumed dark-to-visible strong-coupling ratio (about 5) into dark nucleon masses and dark nuclear binding energies is a phenomenological scaling with no lattice calculation behind it, so the predicted m_p_dark/m_p ~ 5 and hence the abundance ratio carry uncontrolled uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run (or reuse) lattice QCD calculations at a rescaled confinement scale Lambda_dark to obtain the dark hadron spectrum and light dark-nuclei binding energies as a function of alpha_s_dark/alpha_s, and tabulate the result for the abundance step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_07462_q_ball_decay_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar dark matter from Q-ball decay", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.07462", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Q-ball charge distribution from fragmentation of the oscillating complex scalar condensate has not been simulated; the abundance and decay-temperature estimates rest on a single Gaussian-profile Q ball, and the route caveat states the result is sensitive to the charge distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D classical lattice simulations of the U(1)-charged scalar condensate fragmentation (extending a scalar-field lattice code such as CosmoLattice) for the logarithmic potential with |K| ~ 1e-4 to extract the Q-ball charge spectrum, and fit it as an input distribution replacing the single-charge Gaussian approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_01509_axion_quark_nugget_solar_flare_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter with solar-flare triggering", "family": "macroscopic_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.01509", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The AQN energy-deposition step relies on private solar-atmosphere simulations from a related paper covering only limited trajectories and a single coronal plasma model; there is no public simulation pipeline that samples annihilation altitude and energy injection over the full baryon-charge window 1e23 <= |B| <= 1e28, impact-parameter range, and velocity distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend and publicly release the related-paper AQN solar-atmosphere simulation code, coupling nugget annihilation rates to a standard transition-region/coronal plasma model, and run a grid over B, entry velocity, and impact parameter to tabulate height-dependent energy injection for downstream event modeling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04397_su5_u1_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) x U(1) hybrid-inflation primordial black hole dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.04397", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No solver is in place for the waterfall-phase curvature power spectrum P_R(k) of this SU(5) x U(1) hybrid-inflation potential, including quantum diffusion of the waterfall fields over the 17-21 e-fold benchmarks; this spectrum is the input to every downstream observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the inflaton-waterfall two-field system in a transport-method code (PyTransport/CppTransport) supplemented by a stochastic/lattice treatment of the waterfall diffusion regime, and validate by recovering the BP2/BP3 peak amplitudes near P_R ~ 1e-2 at k ~ 1e13-1e14 Mpc^-1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_15541_affleck_dine_qball_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Affleck-Dine Q-ball gravitino dark matter in gauge-mediated MSSM", "family": "supersymmetric_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.15541", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated prediction of the Q-ball charge distribution from Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation exists for this gauge-mediated D-term inflation setup; survival against thermal evaporation (Q > ~1e18) is judged only from rough analytic scaling, so whether Q-balls survive to source NSPs cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations of AD condensate fragmentation (in the style of existing Kasuya-Kawasaki-type Q-ball lattice studies) over the gauge-mediated flat-direction potential, parameterized by the cutoff M and reheating temperature T_re, and release a fitted charge-distribution function Q(M, T_re) with the resulting baryon asymmetry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1004_2326_pq_mssm_axino_thermal_inflation_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "PQ-extended MSSM axino dark matter with thermal inflation", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.2326", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The baryogenesis and moduli-dilution consistency of the thermal-inflation history (Affleck-Dine leptogenesis along the LH_u flat direction after flaton decay) was never numerically reproduced, so the claimed simultaneous solution of the moduli, baryon-asymmetry, and dark-matter constraints rests on analytic estimates only.", "proposed_resolution": "Numerically evolve the coupled flaton and LH_u flat-direction equations of motion through the end of thermal inflation (an ODE lattice-averaged treatment in the style of existing Affleck-Dine codes), outputting n_B/s and the moduli dilution factor Delta as functions of (f_a, T_d) to confirm the paper's viable window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_10805_ulap_oscillon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ULAP oscillon dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.10805", "score": 20.8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Oscillon formation and abundance are demonstrated only at benchmark points (p=2.5, 4 with phi_i/F=2/3) using a non-public lattice code; no cosmological oscillon abundance or mass function across the (m, F, p, phi_i/F) parameter space exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a radiation-era lattice scan with a public code (CosmoLattice or LatticeEasy) over p, phi_i/F, and fluctuation amplitude for the non-cosine ULAP potential, tabulating oscillon number density, mass function, and energy fraction for downstream cosmology.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_14421_pico_charged_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pico-charged particles from dark matter decay", "family": "decaying_pico_charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.14421", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation or transport code models the Galactic dynamics of pico-charged (q_C ~ 1e-11 e) relativistic particles: magnetic trapping in the disk, cooling to v_f, spatial distribution, and annihilation morphology, on which both the local C density at detectors and the 511 keV line prediction depend.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a propagation model for millicharged/pico-charged particles in Galactic magnetic-field models (e.g. adapting GALPROP-style diffusion machinery with Larmor-scale trapping and the paper's cooling channel on Y), outputting the steady-state C phase-space density near Earth and the annihilation rate map, validated against the v_f=0.08c and disk-retention benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_06586_so_2n_baryonic_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(2N) baryonic glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.06586", "score": 19.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The O(1) strong-dynamics constants of SO(2N) pure Yang-Mills at moderately large N (baryonic glueball mass coefficient a, critical-temperature coefficient b, string-tension coefficient c_mu) are not computed, leaving all abundance and GW predictions uncertain at the O(1) level.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations of SO(2N) pure Yang-Mills (e.g. N in the 4-12 range with large-N extrapolation) to determine the baryonic glueball spectrum, deconfinement temperature, and string tension in units of Lambda, publishing the coefficients as tabulated inputs for the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_08639_slow_reheating_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from slow reheating", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1804.08639", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The collapse probability during the matter-dominated reheating phase is not simulation-calibrated: the card flags critical-collapse behavior in a matter era as uncertain (possible low-mass tail below M_min), and beta(M) in matter domination depends on anisotropy and angular-momentum suppression factors known only from approximate analytic arguments.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity simulations of nonspherical collapse of overdensities in a matter-dominated (oscillating scalar condensate) background across the transition to radiation domination, calibrating the collapse threshold, anisotropy/spin suppression of beta(M), and the presence of a critical-collapse low-mass tail.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_10107_neutron_dark_decay_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutron dark decay Dirac fermion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10107", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public neutron-star cooling code includes the dark URCA-like channels n -> chi nu anti-nu and chi + n reactions, so the claimed compatibility with neutron-star thermal evolution cannot be checked quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the dark-channel emissivities from the effective n-chi couplings and add them to a public neutron-star cooling code (e.g. NSCool), comparing cooling curves against observed neutron-star temperatures across the allowed m_chi window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_11646_fourth_generation_dark_atom_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-generation helium-bound dark atom scenario", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.11646", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public calculation of terrestrial transport, thermalization, and nuclear/atomic scattering of helium-bound fourth-generation dark atoms exists, so the abundance cannot be mapped to underground-detector and anomalous-isotope signatures; the card explicitly notes no accumulation or nuclear-scattering simulation was run.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a dark-atom transport code: compute the helium-shell elastic cross sections for the charged heavy-hadron bound states, then propagate the local flux through the Earth's crust and detector overburden with a slow-down/thermalization Monte Carlo, following the O-helium/CHAMP transport formalism already in the stable-charged-relic literature, parameterized by relic charge, mass, and abundance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1901_01259_neutrinophilic_model_ia_scalar_z2_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic thermal dark matter Model IA", "family": "neutrinophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1901.01259", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public forward-model exists for the DUNE mono-neutrino signal: generating dark-sector radiation off charged-current neutrino scattering (missing transverse momentum plus wrong-sign lepton), the SM background templates, and the near-detector response needed to evaluate the paper's Poisson binned likelihood for the (m_chi, m_phi, lambda_alpha_beta, y_IA) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the neutrinophilic-mediator radiation matrix elements on top of a standard neutrino event generator (GENIE or NuWro) with the DUNE flux, apply liquid/gas argon near-detector smearing, charge-identification, and background selections matching the paper's assumptions, and package the binned Poisson log-likelihood for both democratic and hierarchical flavor benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_neutrinophilic_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No event-level simulation exists for neutrinophilic-scalar production in the DUNE near detector (missing-pT and wrong-sign-lepton topologies); the FeynRules/MadGraph model file, DUNE beam flux interface, and detector response model have not been assembled for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a FeynRules/UFO model for the charge-two scalar coupled to neutrinos, generate nu-nucleus scattering with mediator emission in MadGraph (or GENIE-interfaced workflow) using published DUNE near-detector fluxes, and recast the existing neutrinophilic-scalar sensitivity analyses to this model's coupling structure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0711_4866_secluded_composite_hidden_baryon_v1", "model_name": "Secluded composite hidden-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0711.4866", "score": 12.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No nonperturbative calculation of the hidden non-Abelian sector's hadron spectrum (B prime, M prime, glueball masses) or of the B prime/anti-B prime annihilation cross section to hidden mesons exists; the greater-than-10-TeV mass floor rests on an unsuppressed-annihilation parametric estimate the card rates low robustness.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice gauge-theory simulations of the hidden confining group (or match to existing dark-QCD/pure-glue lattice results scaled by Lambda_prime) to obtain the baryon and meson spectrum and a calibrated B prime annihilation cross section, replacing the naive geometric estimate in the abundance calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 35, "rank_structure_formation": 43}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "GW detector forecasts & likelihoods (LIGO/LISA/ET)", "n_gaps": 29, "n_models": 29, "weight": 735.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 19.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 17, "blocks_key_observables": 10, "minor": 2}, "effort_counts": {"small": 11, "medium": 16, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition vector dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public joint likelihood exists that confronts the model's correlated predictions (Planck relic abundance plus the FOPT stochastic GW spectrum against LISA/pulsar-timing-class detector sensitivities) in one statistical framework; the card notes no unified likelihood is provided.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood combining a Gaussian Planck relic-density term with existing public GW sensitivity machinery (power-law-integrated curves and SNR calculations of the PTPlot/LISA-tools type) over the (m_V, g_D, alpha, beta_over_H, T) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_14242_axion_rotation_poltergeist_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion rotation Poltergeist dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.14242", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No SGWB detector likelihood or SNR pipeline exists for the predicted Poltergeist spectrum (LISA/DECIGO/BBO-band), and the BBN consistency cut is applied as a hard temperature floor rather than through a BBN likelihood, so the observable parameter region is projection-only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement standard power-law-integrated sensitivity and SNR integrals against published LISA/DECIGO/BBO noise curves for the model's Omega_GW(f), and couple a simple N_eff/BBN energy-density check (e.g. via a modified CLASS or AlterBBN run) to replace the hard T > 2.5 MeV floor.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition fermion dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public joint likelihood exists that confronts the model's correlated predictions (Planck relic abundance plus the FOPT stochastic GW spectrum against LISA/pulsar-timing-class detector sensitivities) in one statistical framework; the card notes no unified likelihood is provided.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood combining a Gaussian Planck relic-density term with existing public GW sensitivity machinery (power-law-integrated curves and SNR calculations of the PTPlot/LISA-tools type) over the (m_chi, y_chi, alpha, beta_over_H, T) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition scalar dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public joint likelihood exists that confronts the model's correlated predictions (Planck relic abundance plus the FOPT stochastic GW spectrum against LISA/pulsar-timing-class detector sensitivities) in one statistical framework; the card notes no unified likelihood is provided.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a likelihood combining a Gaussian Planck relic-density term with existing public GW sensitivity machinery (power-law-integrated curves and SNR calculations of the PTPlot/LISA-tools type) over the (m_S, lambda_S, alpha, beta_over_H, T) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_08380_cp_symmetric_complex_singlet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "CP-symmetric complex-singlet WIMP with strong first-order electroweak phase transition", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.08380", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "GW detectability is assessed only through an approximate SNR>10 threshold against projected sensitivity curves; no reusable likelihood for the phase-transition stochastic background (marginalizing over wall velocity, T_n, alpha, beta/H_*) exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the sound-wave/turbulence spectral templates and published LISA/Taiji/TianQin noise curves into a Fisher or full likelihood module (e.g. extending PTPlot/cobaya-style SGWB likelihoods) parameterized by (T_n, alpha, beta/H_*, v_w).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_04834_scotogenic_fimp_n1_v1", "model_name": "Scotogenic sterile-neutrino FIMP dark matter with scalar-doublet mass splitting", "family": "freeze_in_scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.04834", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gravitational-wave observable has only detector sensitivity curves (likelihood_available: no); there is no SNR-based likelihood for comparing the predicted Omega_GW(f) against LISA/DECIGO/U-DECIGO projections.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the standard power-law-integrated sensitivity curves and SNR formalism (e.g. via PTPlot-style or GWSC utilities) into a projected-detection likelihood over Omega_GW(f) for the space interferometers named on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_fermion_mediated_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermion-mediated dark matter from bubble expansion", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The GW forecast lacks a model-linked likelihood: the split of the signal between bubble-collision and sound-wave contributions depends on the unresolved runaway-versus-terminal-wall branch, and no pipeline maps the computed transition parameters onto LISA/BBO/DECIGO/ET sensitivity with that uncertainty propagated.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed (alpha, beta/H, T_reh, gamma_w) from the phase-transition step into standard collision and sound-wave spectral templates and compute signal-to-noise against public LISA/BBO/DECIGO/ET curves (PTPlot-style), carrying the wall-branch ambiguity as a systematic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_08526_recycled_ultraheavy_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Recycled ultra-heavy dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08526", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No sensitivity curve or likelihood exists for the predicted MHz-GHz gravitational-wave signal; current GW detectors and public likelihood pipelines do not cover this ultra-high-frequency band.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement projected sensitivity curves for proposed ultra-high-frequency GW detectors as a forecast likelihood module and connect it to the FOPT spectrum templates for the model's T_* range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_13576_microscopic_horizonless_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Microscopic horizonless relic dark matter", "family": "compact_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.13576", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No stochastic-background likelihood exists that confronts the relic-formation Omega_GW(f) with ground-based detector data while marginalizing over the compact-binary astrophysical foreground that limits detectability in the same band.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a cross-correlation SGWB likelihood using public LVK O-series data products and Einstein Telescope projected noise curves, with a power-law compact-binary foreground component jointly fit with the scalar-induced signal parameterized by (A_0, k_0, n).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07454_subhorizon_collapsed_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Sub-horizon-collapsed primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.07454", "score": 28.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector likelihood or sensitivity forecast exists for comparing the predicted SGWB spectrum and especially its anisotropy to data: the card's constraint is marked recast_required with no published likelihood, and anisotropy discrimination between f_H = 1 and f_H < 1 requires dedicated LIGO/LISA anisotropic-SGWB forecasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood wrapping the LVK isotropic stochastic-search cross-correlation data and the directional (spherical-harmonic) search upper limits, plus LISA anisotropy Fisher forecasts, taking (f_H, M_PBH, f_PBH) to a joint constraint on Omega_gw(f) and C_l(f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_11639_pbh_dm_from_bl_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from late B-L phase-transition patches", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.11639", "score": 28, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No stochastic-GW detection likelihood (signal versus astrophysical foregrounds for LISA/ET/BDECIGO) is packaged for this bubble-collision spectrum, so the detectability claim rests on comparison to sensitivity curves only.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the predicted Omega_GW(f) template in an existing stochastic-background forecasting framework (e.g. PTPlot-style power-law-integrated sensitivity plus a foreground model for galactic binaries and compact-binary backgrounds) to produce SNR and parameter-recovery likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_12326_qcd_axion_dark_photon_fermion_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with a dark photon-fermion nonlinear sector", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.12326", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public statistical likelihood exists for recasting stellar black-hole spin/mass measurements against a model-dependent, suppressed superradiance rate; existing exclusion analyses assume minimal (unsuppressed) boson clouds and cannot be rescaled without the underlying spin-measurement posteriors and age/accretion priors.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a reusable likelihood from published black-hole spin/mass posteriors (X-ray binary and gravitational-wave catalogs) that takes an arbitrary spin-down-rate function as input, so suppressed-rate models like this one can be recast without redoing the astrophysical analysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_higgs_portal_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal dark matter from relativistic bubble expansion", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The GW forecast lacks a model-linked likelihood: the split between bubble-collision and sound-wave contributions depends on the unresolved runaway-versus-terminal-wall branch, and no pipeline maps the computed transition parameters onto LISA/BBO/DECIGO/ET sensitivity with that uncertainty propagated.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed (alpha, beta/H, T_reh, gamma_w) from the phase-transition step into standard collision and sound-wave spectral templates and compute signal-to-noise against public LISA/BBO/DECIGO/ET curves (PTPlot-style), carrying the wall-branch ambiguity as a systematic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_12634_z3_pseudo_goldstone_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z_3 pseudo-Goldstone complex-singlet dark matter", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.12634", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "GW detectability is judged only against LISA/DECIGO/BBO sensitivity curves; no signal-to-noise or detector likelihood evaluation is wired into the route, so the GW observable yields only a qualitative forecast.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a PTPlot-style SNR computation over the LISA (and DECIGO/BBO) noise curves for the predicted Omega_GW(f), turning the sensitivity-curve comparison into a quantitative detectability statistic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_01418_self_interacting_bosonic_dm_core_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting bosonic dark matter core in neutron stars", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.01418", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood pipeline maps two-fluid mass-radius and tidal-deformability predictions onto pulsar-mass measurements and GW170817 posteriors for dark-core neutron stars; the card records likelihood_available no/partial and recasting_needed yes for both constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast module that samples the public LIGO/Virgo GW170817 posterior (LALInference samples) and the PSR J0348+0432 mass likelihood inside a Bayesian EOS-inference framework, extending the EOS parameterization with sigma_D/m_D^3 and the dark-core mass fraction as free parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04690_string_moduli_star_compact_object_dm_v1", "model_name": "String moduli star compact-object dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04690", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood connects moduli-star predictions to gravitational-wave or compact-object survey data; the route lists no likelihoods and both constraints have likelihood_available no/unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Once waveforms exist, recast LIGO/Virgo exotic-compact-object search pipelines (subsolar-mass and BH-mimicker analyses) into a population likelihood over the moduli-star mass function, and add a stochastic-background likelihood against LVK O3/O4 isotropic-background limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02698_scalar_singlet_two_step_ewpt_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar singlet dark matter with two-step electroweak phase transition", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02698", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No combined likelihood exists for the model's joint constraint set: the direct-detection comparison uses source-era LUX/PandaX limits without the required relic-fraction rescaling against modern LZ/XENONnT data, and the GW detectability statement is a sensitivity-curve overlay rather than an SNR-based detector likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a scan-level likelihood combining a DDCalc-style SI module with LZ/XENONnT data rescaled by Omega_c h^2/0.12, a Planck relic-density constraint, and a LISA/DECIGO/BBO SNR calculator consuming the CosmoTransitions (T_n, alpha, beta/H) output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05716_gravitational_rhn_fimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational right-handed-neutrino FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05716", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihood combines the BBN gravitational-wave dark-radiation bound and the Planck tensor-to-scalar constraint for gravitational-reheating histories with general inflaton potential power k and non-minimal gravitational coupling; the card records only the paper-level consistency condition, so the viable RHN FIMP region cannot be statistically delimited.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the k-dependent reheating expansion history and its gravitational-wave dark-radiation contribution as a Delta-Neff module coupled to an existing BBN code (e.g. AlterBBN or PRIMAT) and the Planck r likelihood in MontePython/Cobaya, scanning (M_N1, k, reheating scale, non-minimal coupling).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06741_gravity_portal_stable_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravity-portal stable right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.06741", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forecast pipeline exists for the model's key observable: the primordial GW spectrum shaped by the gravity-portal reheating history evaluated against BBO/DECIGO/ET/CE/LISA noise curves with mock catalogs, needed to reproduce the SNR > 10 window 5e6-1.6e7 GeV in M_DM.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the inflationary tensor spectrum transfer through the model's reheating equation of state, combine with published mission PSDs and foreground models in a Fisher/MCMC wrapper (GWFish/gwent-style), and release it with the (M_DM, T_rh, xi, n) parameterization used in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_12423_quintessential_inflation_rh_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hierarchical right-handed Majorana neutrino dark matter in quintessential inflation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12423", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB-spectrum/graviton consistency of kination reheating is only a qualitative Yukawa cut: no implemented constraint propagates the gravitationally produced graviton background and N3 decay history to a quantitative CMB spectral limit or space-based GW sensitivity comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the kination-era blue-tilted graviton spectrum from the background solver of gap_1, apply the standard N_eff/CMB bound on primordial GW energy density, and compare against LISA-class sensitivity curves to produce a quantitative allowed region in (M_3, sum |h_3|^2, H_inf).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_09836_curvature_coupled_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Curvature-coupled massive vector dark matter", "family": "curvature_coupled_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.09836", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or forecast interface exists for the model's endpoints: the CMB isocurvature comparison lacks a recast onto the Planck CDM-isocurvature likelihood, and the second-order stochastic gravitational-wave signal lacks an implemented pipeline from the vector isocurvature spectrum to detector sensitivity curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the computed large-scale isocurvature power with CLASS plus the Planck isocurvature likelihood, and feed the small-scale density-fluctuation spectrum into an existing scalar-induced-GW calculator (e.g. SIGWfast-style integration) compared against LISA-class sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_01670_reheaton_decay_kination_emd_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Reheaton-decay nonthermal Dirac fermion dark matter with kination and early matter domination", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.01670", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged stochastic gravitational-wave likelihood exists for the kination-plus-reheaton-processed inflationary tensor spectrum; the paper only computes SNR visibility contours against sensitivity curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the analytic Omega_GW(f) with its w_kin and Gamma_S-dependent break frequencies as a signal model in a standard stochastic-background analysis pipeline with power-law-integrated LISA/ET/BBO sensitivity or mock-data likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02117_phase_transition_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generative-sector first-order phase-transition asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02117", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The GW observability claim rests on published space-interferometer sensitivity curves that are not bundled as likelihoods, so no quantitative detection statistic (SNR or posterior) can be computed for the predicted spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a LISA/DECIGO/BBO SNR calculator (PTPlot-style power-law-integrated sensitivity curves plus foreground models) that consumes the (T_n, alpha, beta/H, v_w) output of the phase-transition pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_16390_minimal_dark_u1_vector_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal dark U(1)_X vector WIMP model", "family": "hidden_sector_vector_wimp", "arxiv": "2308.16390", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The multimessenger comparison stops at overlaying projected sensitivity curves: no statistical likelihood is implemented for the LZ/DARWIN spin-independent recoil rate, the collider invisible-Higgs/scalar-mixing bounds, or the LISA-band GW signal-to-noise for this dark U(1) model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in micrOMEGAs with DDCalc to obtain LZ/XENON likelihoods for sigma_A'N, recast CMS/ATLAS invisible-Higgs and scalar-mixing limits on lambda_p and m_phi, and compute LISA/BBO/DECIGO SNR-based likelihoods for the CosmoTransitions-derived GW spectra (e.g. via PTPlot-style sensitivity integrals), combining them into one scan-ready pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03776_ultralight_pngb_strong_gravity_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight real pNGB dark matter for strong-gravity scenarios", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03776", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No superradiance likelihood is available for the real pNGB with its potential-induced self-interactions; the card only quotes the external [1.3, 17] x 1e-13 eV real-boson interval, which cannot be re-evaluated or extended across the O(1e-20 to 1e-10) eV target range.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the LIGO/Virgo superradiance SGWB search and BH spin-measurement constraints with a black-hole population model, including the quartic self-interaction set by m_eta/v_Phi (which can quench superradiance), to produce an exclusion in (m_eta, v_Phi) rather than a fixed quoted mass interval.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01741_pbh_remnant_kination_quintessence_v1", "model_name": "PBH-remnant dark matter from kination/runaway-quintessence production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1905.01741", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No integrated likelihood module exists that jointly evaluates the Planck 2018 inflationary constraints (n_s, alpha_s, P_R normalization), the BBN bound on kination-enhanced stochastic gravitational-wave energy density, pre-BBN evaporation consistency, and the remnant Omega_rem = Omega_DM condition for a given attractor potential (route step s4 lists both likelihoods as unavailable).", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a constraint pipeline that wraps the public Planck 2018 likelihood (or its n_s-alpha_s Gaussian summary) together with an Omega_GW-at-BBN Delta N_eff bound and the analytic evaporation-before-BBN and remnant-abundance conditions, exposing the inflaton-potential parameters, beta, M, and M_rem as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2009_05209_atomic_dissipative_dark_matter_dbh_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dissipative dark matter with dark black holes", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2009.05209", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable public likelihood exists for hierarchical inference of the DBH population parameters (f, M_min, slope) against the LIGO/Virgo compact-binary catalog including sub-solar-mass selection effects; the paper's Bayesian analysis was not released and the card records only partial likelihood availability.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the DBH mass-spectrum model in a public hierarchical GW population-inference code (gwpopulation-style) with LVK injection-campaign selection functions extended to the sub-solar regime, and release it as a reusable likelihood updated to current observing runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_07313_scalar_quartic_bubble_filtered_sudden_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Scalar Quartic bubble-filtered sudden freeze-out dark matter", "family": "phase_transition_sudden_freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.07313", "score": 18, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Detector reach is assessed only by eye against projected LISA/BBO/DECIGO sensitivity curves; no quantitative signal-to-noise or projected-likelihood implementation exists to turn the abundance-compatible GW spectra into statistically meaningful detectability regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard stochastic-background SNR integral against the public LISA/BBO/DECIGO noise curves (PTPlot-style), including astrophysical-foreground assumptions, and expose it as a projected likelihood over (alpha, beta/H_*, v_w, T_*).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_06785_pbh_running_indices_rd_ligo_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark-matter subcomponent from running-index inflation in radiation domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1802.06785", "score": 17, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No merger-rate population likelihood exists for this scenario: the card's LIGO/Virgo comparison is a heuristic f_PBH^LIGO window rather than an inference against the observed binary-black-hole catalog with mass-dependent selection effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a population likelihood from the public LIGO/Virgo transient-catalog posterior samples and injection-based selection functions, taking the model's predicted mass function and merger-rate density as the population prior.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 36, "rank_structure_formation": 119}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "N-body / hydrodynamic simulation campaign", "n_gaps": 27, "n_models": 27, "weight": 728.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 18, "weight_structure_formation": 499.8, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 14, "blocks_key_observables": 12, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 8, "large": 19}, "members": [{"model_id": "1911_13281_n_machos_v1", "model_name": "N MACHOs", "family": "multi_sector_compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.13281", "score": 47, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No quantitative N-MACHO formation calculation exists: the conversion of hidden-sector particles into compact objects via cooling and collapse in high-density regions (ultra-compact minihalos or an early matter-dominated era) is only sketched, so neither the mass function nor the compact fraction f_compact can be predicted from (N, sector abundances).", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic/cooling collapse simulations (or a calibrated semi-analytic cooling-versus-free-fall model) of SM-copy hidden sectors in ultra-compact minihalo and early matter-dominated environments, outputting a mass function and formation efficiency parameterized by N and sector energy fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_10249_six_flavor_quark_matter_nugget_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Six-flavor quark matter nugget dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.10249", "score": 39.75, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The nugget mass function rests on an unmodeled phase-transition history: no calculation exists of bubble nucleation, pocket size R_i, and pocket trapping for a first-order six-flavor QCD transition under electroweak supercooling, nor of nugget evaporation/survival during cooling, leaving the benchmark M_nugget ~ 1e10 g and R_nugget ~ 1e2 cm uncertain by orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the supercooled electroweak transition for the benchmark scalar potential with CosmoTransitions (nucleation temperature, bubble spacing), then run hydrodynamic simulations of quark-pocket shrinkage and baryon-number trapping through the six-flavor QCD transition, coupled to an evaporation-rate derivation, to produce a predictive nugget mass function beta(M_nugget).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_4034_early_matter_domination_daughter_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Early matter domination with nearly degenerate daughter WIMP dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_thermal_history_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.4034", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated N-body or semi-analytic model exists for the formation, internal structure, and late-time tidal survival of EMD microhalos seeded by this model's enhanced power spectrum with daughter velocity dispersion included.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of zoom N-body simulations of microhalo formation from EMD-enhanced power spectra (varying T_RH, f_b, and cutoff scale), calibrate a semi-analytic microhalo mass function, concentration, and tidal-survival model on them, and release it as a fitting-function module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_00010_axion_quark_nugget_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00010", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No validated N-body/hydrodynamic or radiative-transfer pipeline implements the environment-dependent AQN-baryon coupling (card caveat: no such pipeline supplied; simulation_calibrated: no), so the claimed morphology changes in dense environments and any small-scale-structure predictions remain qualitative speculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the AQN geometric drag/annihilation coupling as an effective dark-matter-baryon interaction module in a cosmological hydro code (e.g. an AREPO/GIZMO subgrid model scaling as n_baryon * v * pi R^2 * kappa) and run zoom-in simulations of galactic centers and dense clouds to produce falsifiable structure predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_04293_earth_shielded_plasma_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Earth-shielded plasma dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04293", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The density and geometry of the captured Earth-bound dark-matter component, which dominate the shielding uncertainty, are assumed rather than computed: no capture-and-accumulation simulation predicts n_He_prime(R_E) or its asphericity from the halo plasma parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate capture, thermalization, and hydrostatic accumulation of dark ions in and around the Earth (dissipative dark-plasma fluid or N-body-with-cooling treatment) as a function of epsilon and halo composition, to predict the Earth-bound density profile and its day-night geometry instead of assuming 1e12-1e13 cm^-3 at the surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_18086_mirror_star_optically_thin_nugget_v1", "model_name": "Optically thin mirror-star nugget emission model", "family": "dissipative_atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.18086", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The local mirror-star number density is unpredicted: no simulation of dissipative atomic/twin-baryon cooling, fragmentation, and mirror-star formation efficiency connects the underlying dark-sector parameters to a population, so per-object spectra cannot be converted into expected Gaia or X-ray detection rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic simulations of dissipative atomic-dark-matter collapse (extending existing atomic-DM cooling simulation work) to derive a mirror-star formation efficiency and mass function versus atomic-DM fraction, yielding a local number-density prior for the search likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1106_0536_scalar_decay_reheating_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-decay-produced cold dark matter after low-temperature reheating", "family": "nonthermal_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.0536", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The predicted microhalo mass function and present-day survival fraction are not simulation-calibrated: the Press-Schechter estimate at Earth-mass to 0.1 solar-mass scales and the claim that many early-forming microhalos survive tidal disruption in galactic halos are unverified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run zoom-in N-body simulations seeded with the reheating-enhanced power spectrum for representative T_RH values to calibrate the microhalo mass function, concentrations, and tidal-survival fractions to z=0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_04575_dissipative_dark_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark cosmology with early matter dominance and delayed compact objects", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04575", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The fragmentation of cooling primordial dark halos into dark compact objects versus sub-solar black holes, and the resulting mass function, rests on a rough analytic cooling estimate; no hydrodynamic simulation with dark-Bremsstrahlung/Compton cooling through the massive dark photon calibrates M_DarkCO, R_DarkCO, or the compact fraction f.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dark-sector hydrodynamic collapse simulations by extending an existing SPH/moving-mesh code (GIZMO or AREPO) with cooling functions for the (m_X, m_A_D, alpha_D) dark plasma, mapping initial halo mass and EMDE duration to a calibrated compact-object mass function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1711_04773_co_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Co-decaying dark matter with enhanced small-scale structure", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.04773", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Survival of EMDE-produced compact microhalos from formation to z=0 under tidal disruption is not established; the paper itself flags dedicated N-body survival simulations as a prerequisite for robust signal predictions, and no calibrated semi-analytic survival model exists for this enhanced-power scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Run zoom-in N-body simulations initialized with the co-decay EMDE-enhanced power spectrum (varying k_cut/k_RH), track tidal stripping in Milky-Way-like hosts, and calibrate a semi-analytic microhalo mass-concentration-survival model from the results.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_00730_landau_ginzburg_self_interacting_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Landau-Ginzburg self-interacting scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00730", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation with a density-dependent sound speed is not simulation-calibrated (simulation_calibrated: no; halo and subhalo mass-function effects unknown), so core formation, mass functions, and departures from the idealized spherical hydrostatic solutions are unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological hydrodynamic-style simulations of the effective scalar fluid (SPH or moving-mesh with the c_s(rho) barotropic equation of state, or Gross-Pitaevskii solvers in the strong-interaction regime) to calibrate halo mass functions and core-halo relations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_00458_atomic_dark_matter_dark_magnetic_fields_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter with cosmological dark magnetic fields", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.00458", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The conversion observable takes the cosmological dark magnetic field B_D as a free input: no derivation or simulation predicts the dark magnetogenesis mechanism, field strength, coherence length, or its evolution in the dark plasma, so P(g->gamma_D) cannot be turned into a prediction rather than a parameter scan.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dark-sector magnetohydrodynamics simulations (adapting existing primordial-magnetic-field MHD codes to the U(1)_D plasma with dark recombination) for candidate magnetogenesis mechanisms, delivering B_D spectra and dark plasma frequencies as functions of (alpha_D, xi, E_B) to feed the conversion formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_05561_comprehensive_asymmetric_mirror_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Comprehensive asymmetric mirror dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.05561", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated calculation of the low-energy self-scattering cross section of dark neutrons and dark hydrogen/helium atoms in the mirror dark-QCD sector exists; the card relies on an approximate size-scaling estimate, so sigma/m and its velocity dependence are not quantitatively predicted.", "proposed_resolution": "Rescale lattice-QCD nucleon-nucleon scattering results (effective-range parameters) to the mirror confinement scale for the dark-neutron regime, and compute dark-atom elastic cross sections with existing atomic-dark-matter scattering codes rescaled to the dark electroweak scale, for both v'_EW regimes identified in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_06785_pbh_running_indices_md_asteroid_full_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass PBH dark matter from running-index inflation in early matter domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1802.06785", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The matter-era collapse threshold and suppression factors (anisotropy and angular momentum) that set f_PBH are calibrated only by limited semi-analytic arguments, and the card flags high sensitivity to the high-k cutoff and collapse prescription.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity or high-resolution N-body simulations of nonspherical collapse in a pressureless (early-matter-dominated) background across the relevant sigma(M) range to calibrate the formation probability and cutoff dependence used in the semi-analytic model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_05637_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes from delayed vacuum decay in first-order phase transitions", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.05637", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nearly monochromatic mass function rests on the horizon-mass collapse approximation with delta_c = 0.45; no numerical simulations of the collapse of late-decaying false-vacuum patches exist to calibrate the threshold, the mass-to-horizon ratio, or the width of the mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity or 1+1D general-relativistic hydrodynamics simulations of a false-vacuum Hubble patch decaying late into the surrounding radiation fluid, extracting the effective collapse threshold and extended mass function versus nucleation delay.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0809_0375_power_law_tachyon_quartessence_v1", "model_name": "Power-law tachyon quartessence condensate", "family": "k_essence_unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "0809.0375", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear simulation calibrates the condensate formation: the Newtonian spherical proxy cannot capture non-spherical collapse, pressure gradients, baryon coupling, or the final condensate mass function, and the card flags that a full simulation could shift the collapse threshold and fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological hydrodynamic/k-essence-fluid simulations (an Eulerian fluid solver with the tachyon equation of state and variable sound speed, including baryons) to calibrate the condensate fraction, collapse threshold, and resulting halo mass function against the semi-analytic estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0809_0677_exact_parity_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Exact-parity mirror-baryon dark matter thermodynamic model", "family": "mirror_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.0677", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation with self-collisional, dissipative mirror baryons (cooling, mirror-atom formation, halo collapse) is not computed in the paper and no calibrated simulation suite for dissipative mirror-baryon dark matter is identified on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with a dissipative mirror-baryon fluid (mirror atomic cooling functions rescaled from the ordinary sector at temperature ratio x), scanning (x, beta), to calibrate halo profiles, mass functions, and mirror-disk formation for structure-formation observables.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_05179_supercooled_fopt_pbh_dm_magnetogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supercooled FOPT primordial black hole dark matter with magnetogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.05179", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The present-day IGMF prediction (about 20 pG at 0.001-0.01 Mpc) assumes maximally helical MHD decay; no MHD simulation campaign covers the decay of FOPT-generated fields with partial or zero helicity for this scenario, so the magnetogenesis observable cannot be robustly evaluated across the helicity parameter the route itself lists as an input.", "proposed_resolution": "Run magnetohydrodynamic decay simulations (e.g. with the public Pencil Code) initialized with the bubble-collision field spectra of this transition across a grid of fractional helicities, and fit B_0(lambda_0) evolution tracks to replace the maximally-helical scaling assumption.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0804_3518_dipolar_dark_matter_gravitational_polarization_v1", "model_name": "Dipolar dark matter from gravitational polarization", "family": "dipolar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0804.3518", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "Cluster-scale and lensing behavior of the dipolar medium is unvalidated: the analytic galactic MOND limit and first-order cosmology do not cover intermediate scales, and the paper defers clusters (including the role of the monopolar density) to an unperformed numerical study.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a numerical solver for the coupled dipolar-fluid plus baryon system in cluster configurations (a modified Poisson solver with the polarization susceptibility and monopolar component), and compare predicted lensing and hydrostatic masses against cluster datasets such as merging-cluster lensing maps.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1301_0354_phase_transition_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin Q-ball dark matter", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1301.0354", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The charge-trapping step — the distribution of old-phase remnant volumes during bubble percolation and the resulting per-remnant trapped X charge, which fixes the Q-ball charge and number density — exists only as a rough analytic estimate; no simulation or dedicated semi-analytic code of bubble nucleation, percolation, and remnant collapse with conserved X charge exists for this mechanism.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D scalar-field lattice (or hydrodynamic bubble-percolation) simulations of the strongly first-order transition with an advected conserved X charge to calibrate the remnant-volume and trapped-charge distributions, and package the result as a semi-analytic fit of Q and n_Q versus (T_c, eta_X, wall velocity).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17829_dressed_pbh_particle_dm_coexistence_v1", "model_name": "Dressed primordial black holes in particle dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2311.17829", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Survival of the accreted r^-9/4 halos against tidal stripping and late-time galactic evolution is unmodeled, leaving the low-redshift lens profile (and hence all lensing predictions) systematically uncertain.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of dressed PBHs orbiting in Milky Way-like potentials to quantify stripping of the accreted halo, and publish a survival-fraction correction to (M_h, R_h) as a function of environment and redshift for use in the lensing step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1504_04371_dark_pair_plasma_vectorlike_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermally produced dark pair plasma of vectorlike fermions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.04371", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No two-component N-body/hydro cluster-merger simulation capability exists in which a 10-40 percent U(1)_D-charged dark-plasma fraction with collective collisionless-shock physics evolves alongside dominant collisionless dark matter, so dark-clump morphology and lensing/X-ray offsets for Abell 520/3827 and Bullet Cluster analogs cannot be predicted.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark-plasma subcomponent as an effective magnetohydrodynamic-like fluid (with shock capturing calibrated to plasma microphysics) inside an existing cluster-merger code such as GADGET-4 or AREPO, and run a merger suite over epsilon, m_D, and alpha_D with Bullet Cluster and Abell 520 initial conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_01316_density_dependent_baryon_dm_cooling_v1", "model_name": "Density-dependent baryon-DM cooling interaction model", "family": "baryon_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01316", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No hydrodynamic or kinetic galaxy simulation includes elastic baryon-DM heat exchange with a density-dependent cross section sigma_int proportional to 1/(n v^2), so whether realistic disk galaxies actually relax to the MDAR equilibrium (rather than the assumed static solution) is untested; the route's agent_notes call full simulations the missing piece.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a density- and velocity-dependent baryon-DM momentum/energy exchange term (a drag-plus-thermalization operator with sigma_int(n,v) from the master relation) to an SPH or moving-mesh galaxy-formation code such as AREPO or GIZMO, and run isolated and cosmological zoom disk-galaxy simulations to test convergence to the MDAR over a Hubble time.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_03126_thermalized_boosted_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Thermalized boosted milli-charged dark matter subcomponent", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.03126", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The halo-thermalization, negligible-cooling, and no-dark-disk assumptions that set the boosted velocity distribution (validity_domain 'thermalization_region') are not calibrated by any simulation of a 5 percent dissipative millicharged subcomponent, leaving the predicted signal kinematics unverified across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dissipative dark-sector hydrodynamic/N-body simulations (in the style of double-disk dark matter or PIC dark-plasma studies) of a two-species charged subcomponent in a Milky Way halo to map where thermalization and the isothermal profile hold and correct f(v) where they fail.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_10286_two_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The zero-temperature, static, spherical, DM-only profile omits baryons, stellar scattering, AGN disks, and accretion refinements, which the source explicitly defers; without them the profile cannot support observational exclusions near the black hole.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic or semi-analytic galactic-nucleus models adding a realistic baryon potential, stellar heating, and accretion to the P_2 superfluid equation of state, and quantify the resulting shift of the inner profile relative to the idealized Lane-Emden solution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_13376_qcd_domain_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter from matter-antimatter separation at the QCD phase transition", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13376", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "Within the assumed first-order QCD scenario, no simulation of the matter-antimatter domain and QGP droplet dynamics exists — the QGP volume fraction F(t), domain size distribution, and dissipation timeline before BBN are only rough analytic estimates, yet they set both the production rate and the BBN survival condition.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic/lattice-inspired simulations of droplet shrinking and domain dissipation at T ~ 200 MeV for the assumed Omnes-type phase diagram, parameterized by domain size and local baryon asymmetry, delivering F(t) and size distributions as tabulated inputs to the production calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_08557_atomic_dark_matter_dark_star_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter subcomponent forming dark stars", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.08557", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No hydrodynamic simulations of dissipative atomic-dark-matter cooling and fragmentation exist to calibrate the dark-star mass function; the 30-300 solar-mass window rests on Jeans-mass estimates with order-of-magnitude uncertainties, which dominates the uncertainty in the predicted mass-gap black-hole population.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic collapse simulations (e.g. a GIZMO/AREPO fork) with a dark atomic and molecular cooling module parameterized by (epsilon, m_X, m_e_dark, alpha_D, xi), following fragmentation to the opacity limit to calibrate the dark-star initial mass function against the analytic Jeans window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_10286_three_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Three-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The zero-temperature, static, spherical, DM-only profile omits baryons, stellar scattering, accretion, and finite-temperature corrections, which the source explicitly defers; without these the profile cannot support observational exclusions near the black hole.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic or semi-analytic galactic-nucleus models that add a realistic baryon potential, stellar heating, and accretion onto the black hole to the P_3 superfluid equation of state, and quantify the shift in r_deg and the inner profile relative to the idealized Lane-Emden solution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 37, "rank_structure_formation": 26}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "GW detector forecasts & likelihoods (LIGO/LISA/ET)", "n_gaps": 30, "n_models": 30, "weight": 724.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 6, "weight_structure_formation": 178.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 5, "blocks_key_observables": 19, "degrades_precision": 6}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 21, "large": 4, "small": 5}, "members": [{"model_id": "2204_01928_singlet_susy_singlino_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Singlet-SUSY singlino self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01928", "score": 39, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No released pipeline implements this model's singlet-sector finite-temperature effective potential in CosmoTransitions or converts the resulting phase-transition parameters into a GW spectrum and LISA/TianQin/Taiji SNR; the paper's scan scripts are private, so the FOPT and GW forecasts cannot currently be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's one-loop plus daisy finite-temperature singlet potential as a CosmoTransitions model class, extract alpha, beta/H, and T_n at the dark-sector temperature ratio T_f/T_SM = 0.47, and apply standard sound-wave/bubble-collision spectral fits with published LISA, TianQin, and Taiji sensitivity curves to reproduce the SNR contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_07372_hot_big_bang_black_hole_evaporation_particle_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stable particle dark matter from hot-big-bang black-hole evaporation", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.07372", "score": 35.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The high-reheat CMB target (high-frequency gravitational-wave background from the near-Planckian thermal plasma contributing to N_eff) has no step in the forward-model chain and no calculational pipeline or likelihood: the card marks the likelihood as unknown and recasting as needed, so the observable cannot currently be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the thermal-plasma graviton-emission calculation to obtain Omega_GW(T_RH) integrated over the expansion history, convert it to Delta N_eff, and compare against the Planck N_eff posterior and forecast CMB-S4-class sensitivities as a simple likelihood step appended to the route.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_14242_axion_rotation_poltergeist_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion rotation Poltergeist dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.14242", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public scalar-induced gravitational-wave solver handles the Poltergeist source: a rapid matter-to-kination equation-of-state transition of the axion-rotation fluid with its time-dependent sound speed and slower GW redshifting relative to the kination background; the source's numerical induced-GW calculation is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public scalar-induced-GW spectrum code (e.g. SIGWfast-style kernel integrators) to accept a time-dependent equation of state and sound speed c_s(t) through the matter-to-kination transition, parameterized by the transition temperature and sharpness derived from (m_S, f_a, Y_theta, d), and validate against the source's Omega_GW spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_12342_dark_proton_pion_asymmetric_mattergenesis_v1", "model_name": "Dark proton-pion asymmetric mattergenesis model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12342", "score": 32.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark first-order phase transition's gravitational-wave signal is only identified as an opportunity: no computation of alpha_pt and beta/H from the dark two-Higgs-doublet potential exists for this variant, so the LISA/BBO/DECIGO prediction cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark-sector two-Higgs-doublet finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions (or a comparable bounce solver), extract alpha_pt and beta/H, and convert to Omega_GW(f) using standard sound-wave and turbulence spectral fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_05096_phase_transition_hot_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hot and heavy phase-transition-produced scalar dark matter", "family": "non_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.05096", "score": 32, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave spectrum calculation exists for the specific fast-wall transitions that set this model's relic abundance: step s4 has no tool, and existing spectral fits are calibrated outside the strongly supercooled, ultra-relativistic-wall regime the production mechanism requires.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Omega_GW(f) for the source benchmarks with the LISA-CWG spectral templates (bubble-collision plus sound-wave/turbulence fits parameterized by alpha_PT, beta/H, wall velocity) as implemented in PTPlot-style tooling, validating the collision-dominated supercooled branch against dedicated hybrid/lattice simulation results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_12342_dark_neutron_asymmetric_mattergenesis_v1", "model_name": "Dark neutron asymmetric mattergenesis model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12342", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark first-order electroweak-like phase transition is never solved quantitatively: no computation of the transition strength alpha_pt and inverse duration beta/H from the dark two-Higgs-doublet potential exists, so the advertised LISA/BBO/DECIGO gravitational-wave signal cannot be predicted.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark-sector two-Higgs-doublet finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions (or a comparable bounce solver), extract alpha_pt and beta/H over the viable parameter space, and map them to Omega_GW(f) with the standard sound-wave/turbulence spectral fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_14606_inflaton_curvaton_ssr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-curvaton sound-speed-resonance primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2310.14606", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the scalar-induced gravitational-wave anisotropy angular power spectrum C_ell sourced by local-type non-Gaussianity for a peaked spectrum; existing public SIGW calculators cover only the isotropic Omega_GW(f).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public SIGW spectrum calculator (SIGWfast-type) with the f_NL-modulated anisotropy formalism of the cited SIGW-anisotropy literature, outputting C_ell as a function of (epsilon, k_0, f_NL) for the SSR spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_07372_hot_big_bang_planckeon_remnant_dm_v1", "model_name": "Planckeon remnant dark matter from hot-big-bang black holes", "family": "black_hole_remnant_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.07372", "score": 29.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The high-reheat CMB target for Planckeons (high-frequency gravitational-wave/N_eff signature of the near-Planckian plasma) has no forward-model step, no calculational pipeline, and an unknown likelihood, so the only observational handle beyond the abundance target cannot currently be evaluated; remnant stability itself is an open quantum-gravity question, not a capability gap.", "proposed_resolution": "Reuse the thermal-plasma graviton-emission pipeline needed for the companion HBBH evaporation model: compute Omega_GW(T_RH), convert to Delta N_eff, and compare against the Planck N_eff posterior and forecast next-generation CMB sensitivities as an appended likelihood step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_14264_gravitational_portal_rhn_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-portal right-handed-neutrino dark matter during reheating", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.14264", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No calculator is provided for the primordial gravitational-wave spectrum enhanced during stiff (k>4) gravitational reheating, so the BBN dark-radiation exclusion of minimal reheating cannot be re-derived quantitatively or mapped across the (k, T_RH, xi_h) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard transfer-function calculation of the inflationary tensor spectrum through a stiff-fluid reheating phase (redshifting with the paper's equation-of-state parameter k), integrate rho_GW at BBN, and compare against the standard Delta N_eff bound as a simple likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_04902_majoron_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive majoron misalignment dark matter in a lepton-number breaking phase-transition model", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.04902", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented calculation of the gravitational-wave spectrum from the first-order U(1)_L-breaking transition exists for this model: the card provides only a peak-frequency scaling, with no computation of the transition strength alpha, inverse duration beta/H, or the bubble-collision/sound-wave/turbulence amplitudes at T_L around 10^11 GeV needed to compare against detector sensitivities.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-scalar (S_1, S_2) lepton-number-breaking finite-temperature effective potential in CosmoTransitions to compute alpha, beta/H, and bubble-wall parameters, then feed these into the standard sound-wave/turbulence/collision spectral templates (PTPlot-style) to produce Omega_GW(f) across the parameter space of v_L and T_L.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_01457_pre_emd_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pre-early-matter-domination freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter_nonstandard_thermal_history", "arxiv": "1909.01457", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No tool computes the primordial tensor transfer function through the specific reheating -> radiation -> EMD -> reheating history and compares the suppressed gravitational-wave spectrum in the T_0/T_R plane against detector sensitivity curves; the card offers only qualitative GW-context estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the tensor transfer function for the piecewise expansion history (modes entering during pre-EMD radiation, EMD, and post-EMD radiation) as a module on top of the paper's H(T) equations, parameterized by (T_reh, T_0, T_R, n_T), and overlay LISA/DECIGO/pulsar-timing sensitivity curves to produce quantitative constraint regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_06506_false_vacuum_island_pbh_v1", "model_name": "False-vacuum-island primordial black hole scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2404.06506", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No FOPT stochastic gravitational-wave calculator is attached to the route: the GW counterpart observable has no computed spectrum for the benchmark (alpha_*, beta/H_*, T_*) points, so LISA/Taiji/TianQin testability cannot be assessed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the standard sound-wave/bubble-collision/turbulence semi-analytic GW templates (LISA Cosmology Working Group fits, as in PTPlot) as a function of alpha_*, beta/H_*, T_*, and compare against LISA/Taiji/TianQin power-law-integrated sensitivity curves, jointly with the small-scale curvature-perturbation bound the card flags.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1997_high_scale_messenger_darkogenesis_v1", "model_name": "High-scale darkogenesis with leptodark messenger sphaleron transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1997", "score": 23.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave spectrum has been computed for the first-order dark phase transition; the card quotes only a temperature range with no alpha, beta/H, or detector-specific signal estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the finite-temperature dark Higgs potential parameters (alpha, beta/H, T_*) with CosmoTransitions and map them through standard bubble-collision/sound-wave spectral templates to LISA and pulsar-timing sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1997_low_scale_darkogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale darkogenesis with perturbative baryon transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1997", "score": 22.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave spectrum has been computed for the first-order dark phase transition; only a broad transition-temperature range is quoted, with the first-order character itself estimated from a simplified finite-temperature potential.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark Higgs/singlet finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions to obtain alpha, beta/H, and T_*, then map through standard sound-wave/bubble-collision spectral templates to LISA and other detector sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_05579_cxsm_z2_breaking_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-breaking complex singlet pseudo-Goldstone scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.05579", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released implementation of the cxSM finite-temperature effective potential exists for the phase-transition leg: computing (alpha_pt, beta/H, T_n) for the two-step SFOEWPT benchmarks and the resulting LISA-band GW spectrum currently requires rebuilding the thermal potential by hand.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the one-loop daisy-resummed cxSM thermal potential in CosmoTransitions (or PhaseTracer), extract alpha_pt, beta/H and T_n along the scan, and map to GW spectra with the standard sound-wave spectral fits against the public LISA sensitivity curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_3823_higgs_portal_vector_dark_matter_u1_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal vector dark matter with broken U(1)", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.3823", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave spectrum pipeline exists for this model: the card's GW observable is route-level only, with no computation from CosmoTransitions nucleation output (alpha, beta/H, T_n) to a stochastic mHz spectrum or a LISA sensitivity comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the CosmoTransitions-based EWPT scan to extract alpha, beta/H, and T_n, feed them through standard sound-wave/turbulence spectral fits (PTPlot-style templates), and compare against the LISA power-law-integrated sensitivity curve to produce a GW detectability map over (lambda_2, m_s, v_s).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_11295_wimpy_leptogenesis_emd_v1", "model_name": "WIMPy leptogenesis inert-doublet dark matter with early matter domination", "family": "cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11295", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged pipeline propagates this variant's early-matter-domination expansion history (T_end plus the matter-field dilution) into a primordial gravitational-wave spectral tilt/break Omega_GW(f) for confrontation with detector sensitivity curves; only semi-analytic results from related work exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the standard transfer of an inflationary or cosmic-string Omega_GW(f) through a matter-dominated-then-radiation history parameterized by T_end (following the turning-frequency treatment of the related EMD work, arXiv:2202.10474) and emit spectra ready to score against LISA/BBO/ET/CE curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_11295_wimpy_leptogenesis_feu_v1", "model_name": "WIMPy leptogenesis inert-doublet dark matter with fast expanding universe", "family": "cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11295", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged pipeline propagates this variant's fast-expansion history (n, T_r) into a primordial gravitational-wave spectral tilt Omega_GW(f) for confrontation with detector sensitivity curves; only semi-analytic kination-like transfer results from related work exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the standard transfer of an inflationary or cosmic-string Omega_GW(f) through a stiff-fluid epoch parameterized by (n, T_r), producing the blue-tilted spectral feature and its frequency location, and emit spectra ready to score against LISA/BBO/ET/CE curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_11295_wimpy_leptogenesis_stg_v1", "model_name": "WIMPy leptogenesis inert-doublet dark matter with scalar-tensor gravity", "family": "cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.11295", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged pipeline propagates this variant's scalar-tensor-modified expansion history into a primordial gravitational-wave spectral distortion Omega_GW(f) for confrontation with detector sensitivity curves; existing semi-analytic transfer results cover EMD/kination-like histories rather than the scalar-tensor Hubble enhancement.", "proposed_resolution": "Numerically integrate tensor-mode evolution through the scalar-tensor H(z) enhancement and its relaxation to standard expansion before BBN for an inflationary or cosmic-string source, producing Omega_GW(f) spectra ready to score against LISA/BBO/ET/CE curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_13460_scale_invariant_singlet_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.13460", "score": 21.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No tunneling/percolation pipeline covers this model's strongly supercooled, QCD-triggered regime: CosmoTransitions-style bounce solvers and the standard alpha/beta-H GW fit formulas assume a transition that completes above the QCD scale, whereas RG-consistent points here supercool past T_QCD and need QCD-catalyzed electroweak breaking treated explicitly.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a bounce solver (CosmoTransitions or BubbleDet-based workflow) with the QCD-coupled finite-temperature effective potential for the scale-invariant two-singlet sector, track S3/T down through T_QCD to obtain percolation temperature, alpha and beta/H, and feed these into the standard sound-wave/collision GW spectrum fits (e.g. via PTPlot) for LISA-band forecasting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_06987_complex_singlet_cp_z2_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex singlet scalar dark matter with restored CP and Z2", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06987", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the complex-singlet finite-temperature effective potential with high-T CP and Z2 breaking exists, so the phase-transition strength v_c/T_c, the verification of CP/Z2 restoration today, and the associated gravitational-wave spectrum cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the complex-singlet scalar potential with one-loop thermal corrections and daisy resummation in CosmoTransitions, scan for symmetry non-restoration at high T, and pipe the resulting alpha and beta/H into the standard sound-wave GW spectrum formulas (PTPlot templates) for LISA-band comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_01823_two_scalar_z2_higgs_portal_with_cross_couplings_v1", "model_name": "Two-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal dark matter including singlet-only s-s' cross-couplings", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.01823", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No finite-temperature phase-transition solver covers this model: the a2/b2/c2 transition channels are identified only from selected analytic extrema of the one-loop finite-temperature potential, and no code computes the nucleation temperature, latent heat, or beta/H needed to turn the strong-EWPT claim into a gravitational-wave spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-singlet one-loop (plus daisy-resummed) finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions or a comparable bounce solver to trace the multi-step a2/b2/c2 histories, extract T_n, alpha, and beta/H, and feed standard sound-wave GW templates to produce a LISA-comparable spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_05377_melting_cosmic_string_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Melting cosmic string scalar-field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.05377", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public cosmic-string SGWB code handles melting strings with temperature-dependent tension mu(T); existing loop-network spectrum calculators assume constant G mu, so the peaked Omega_gw(f) and f_peak for this model rest on a semi-analytic estimate that neglects backreaction and particle emission.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing cosmic-string loop-network SGWB calculator (e.g. the LISA cosmic-string pipeline codes) to evolve loop formation and emission with a time-dependent tension mu(T) prescribed by the scale-free thermal model, validated against field-theory string simulations in a few benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_10286_two_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No waveform or wave-optics code exists for continuous gravitational waves lensed by an SMBH dressed with the two-body superfluid core, which the source proposes as a probe but does not implement.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the wave-optics amplification factor for the black-hole-plus-superfluid-core mass profile and implement it in a GW lensing code, scanning source/lens geometry for Sgr A*-like configurations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1711_11541_scale_invariant_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant two-singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.11541", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No implemented phase-transition pipeline exists for the two-singlet scale-invariant potential: bubble nucleation parameters (T_n, alpha, beta/H) and the stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum are not computed, only v_c/T_c is available, so the GW observable cannot be forecast.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the finite-temperature effective potential (with daisy resummation) in CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer to compute nucleation parameters, feed them through standard sound-wave/turbulence GW spectral templates, and evaluate signal-to-noise against the LISA sensitivity curve over the relic-density-selected parameter region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_01270_low_mass_cpviolating_effective_idm_v1", "model_name": "Low-mass CP-violating effective inert-doublet dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01270", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No finite-temperature effective-potential implementation of the IDM plus dimension-six operators computes the two-step electroweak phase transition, so the intermediate vev v_phi, transition strength, nucleation rate, and wall velocity needed both to anchor the BAU and to predict the gravitational-wave spectrum are unavailable, fully blocking the GW follow-up observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a CosmoTransitions-style solver with the D6-corrected one-loop daisy-resummed potential, trace the two-step transition to extract (alpha, beta/H, T_n, v_phi), and feed them into the standard sound-wave/bubble-collision GW fit formulas to place the signal against LISA-band sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01591_singlet_scalar_dimension_six_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Dimension-six real singlet scalar Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.01591", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gravitational-wave observable rests only on static effective-potential criteria (v_c/T_c, sphaleron rate); no bubble-nucleation calculation (T_n, alpha, beta/H) or stochastic GW spectrum has been computed for the dimension-six singlet potential, so the phase-transition signal cannot be confronted with LISA-class sensitivity curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the tree-plus-thermal potential including the |H|^2 S^4 / M^2 operator in CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer, compute bounce actions and nucleation temperatures across the two-step scan, and map (alpha, beta/H, T_n) to Omega_GW(f) with the standard sound-wave/turbulence templates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_04627_z3_inert_doublet_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 inert doublet-singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.04627", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation exists of the Z3 doublet-singlet finite-temperature effective potential (with loop and thermal corrections) and the downstream T_n, alpha_PT, beta/H and stochastic GW spectrum computation; the GW observable currently rests entirely on source-paper figures.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the Z3 scalar potential with one-loop and daisy-resummed thermal corrections in CosmoTransitions, extract T_n, alpha_PT, beta/H from the bounce action, and feed standard sound-wave GW spectrum templates plus LISA-class sensitivity curves for SNR.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_10286_three_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Three-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No waveform or wave-optics code exists for continuous gravitational waves lensed by an SMBH dressed with the three-body superfluid profile, which the source proposes as a probe but does not implement.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the lensing amplification factor for the black-hole-plus-superfluid-core mass profile in the wave-optics regime and implement it in a GW lensing code, scanning source/lens geometry for Sgr A*-like systems.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_05579_cxsm_z2_symmetric_two_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z2-symmetric complex singlet scalar two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.05579", "score": 0.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the cxSM Z2-symmetric finite-temperature effective potential and SFOEWPT-to-GW pipeline (alpha, beta/H, T_n, GW spectrum) exists; the phase-transition step has null tool_or_code and the route lists an unnamed 'finite-temperature phase-transition code' as a required resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the cxSM one-loop finite-temperature potential (with daisy resummation) in CosmoTransitions or an equivalent bounce solver, extract alpha, beta/H and T_n over the paper's scan domain, and feed standard sound-wave/turbulence GW spectral templates compared against the LISA power-law-sensitivity curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 38, "rank_structure_formation": 48}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "PBH formation & abundance pipeline", "n_gaps": 30, "n_models": 30, "weight": 723.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 24, "blocks_key_observables": 6}, "effort_counts": {"large": 20, "medium": 10}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_07333_generalized_no_scale_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generalized no-scale inflation with PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.07333", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH abundance step is uncalibrated for these inflection-point benchmarks: f_PBH depends exponentially on the collapse threshold, window function, non-Gaussianity of the ultra-slow-roll perturbations, and critical-collapse treatment, so 'f_PBH near 1' benchmarks are not robust at the order-of-magnitude level.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a peaks-theory pipeline with a numerical-relativity-calibrated collapse threshold and critical-collapse scaling, include the leading non-Gaussian correction from the ultra-slow-roll to slow-roll transition, and quote f_PBH with a method-spread band for each benchmark instead of a single Press-Schechter value.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_16963_reheating_pbh_dm_broken_power_law_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark matter from stiff reheating with a broken-power-law scalar spectrum", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.16963", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH collapse threshold delta_c (and the associated critical-collapse mass relation) is not calibrated for formation during a stiff reheating epoch with w_re ~ 0.5-0.65; existing numerical-relativity thresholds target radiation domination, and f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to delta_c, so the predicted abundance carries orders-of-magnitude uncertainty (card: collapse threshold dominates the residual uncertainty).", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity simulations of spherical (and representative aspherical) perturbation collapse for equations of state w = 0.4-0.7, tabulate delta_c(w, curvature-profile shape) and the critical-collapse scaling, and publish the threshold tables for use in reheating-era Press-Schechter/peaks abundance calculations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13581_nonabelian_axion_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian axion-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.13581", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with Gaussian Press-Schechter statistics and an assumed collapse threshold delta_c, yet f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to both; no model-specific non-Gaussianity or threshold calibration exists for this spectrum shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the non-Gaussian statistics of zeta sourced by the gauge-scalar instability and calibrate the collapse threshold for the resulting peaked spectrum using numerical relativity collapse simulations or established peak-theory/compaction-function prescriptions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_00464_ligo_mass_primordial_black_hole_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "LIGO-mass primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1603.00464", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The merger-rate prediction depends on extrapolated low-mass halo mass functions, concentration-mass relations, and internal velocity distributions far below simulated scales, which the card flags as the dominant uncertainty (halo_rate_model validity entry, extrapolation_risk high), leaving the predicted rate uncertain at the order-of-magnitude level.", "proposed_resolution": "Run high-resolution N-body/zoom simulations of PBH-dominated cosmologies (including Poisson isocurvature power from PBH discreteness) down to the smallest bound halos to calibrate the low-mass halo mass function, concentrations, and velocity dispersions entering the capture-rate integral, and publish the calibrated fitting functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_10537_bl_double_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Classically conformal B-L double-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.10537", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No PBH mass-function calculator with a controlled collapse-threshold and non-Gaussianity treatment is attached to the model; the card notes f_PBH can shift by orders of magnitude with threshold and tail assumptions, so the abundance recast is not yet quantitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt and wire in a public PBH-abundance pipeline (threshold-statistics/peaks formalism with critical collapse, e.g. a PBHbeta-style calculator) fed by the computed spectrum, with the collapse threshold calibrated against published numerical-relativity threshold values for the relevant spectral shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_12325_nonminimal_curvaton_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from a non-minimal curvaton scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.12325", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with a Gaussian density tail and a hand-picked threshold delta_c = 0.51 within a 0.4-0.7 systematic range, while the card flags exponential sensitivity of f_PBH to non-Gaussian tails and threshold choice; no calibrated non-Gaussian abundance treatment specific to this curvaton scenario exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Propagate the curvaton non-Gaussianity from the perturbation solver into a non-Gaussian PBH abundance formalism (compaction-function statistics with numerical-relativity-calibrated, shape-dependent thresholds a la Musco et al.) and quote f_PBH(M) with a threshold-systematic band instead of a single delta_c.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_04002_su5_inflection_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) inflection-point inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.04002", "score": 27.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from the model's P_zeta spike to (M_PBH, f_PBH) is uncalibrated: collapse threshold delta_c, window function, and non-Gaussianity corrections shift f_PBH by orders of magnitude for a fixed spectrum, and the card records no chosen prescription or mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the PBH mass function from the model's numerical P_zeta using peak theory with the nonlinear (compaction-function) threshold prescription, bracketing systematics by comparing Press-Schechter and peaks with published window-function choices.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_14107_string_wall_catastrogenesis_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Asteroid-mass PBH dark matter from string-wall catastrogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2303.14107", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The GW production efficiency used for the catastrogenesis stochastic background is imported from domain-wall simulations outside this model's biased multi-vacuum (N>1) string-wall regime, leaving the predicted Omega_GW amplitude uncalibrated at the factor level needed for detector forecasts.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract the GW efficiency parameter directly from the same lattice simulations proposed for the collapse calibration (or dedicated GW-sourcing runs of biased Z_N networks), reporting efficiency as a function of N and bias so the analytic spectrum can be normalized consistently with the PBH prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_04125_inflection_point_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflection-point inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.04125", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH abundance is exponentially sensitive to the assumed collapse threshold (delta_c = 0.414) and window-function choice, and the card notes this is fixed by assumption rather than calibrated for this spectrum's shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the fixed-threshold Press-Schechter treatment with peaks-theory abundance using a shape-dependent threshold calibrated on numerical-relativity collapse simulations for the model's narrow spectral peak, propagating the threshold uncertainty into f_PBH.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_14978_dissipative_inflation_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2208.14978", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated mapping exists from the full (non-Gaussian) curvature distribution produced by the dissipative thermal noise to the PBH mass function and f_PBH; the card notes exponential sensitivity to collapse threshold and perturbation statistics, and Gaussian threshold-collapse formulas can misestimate f_PBH by orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the PBH abundance directly from the sampled non-Gaussian P(zeta) of the stochastic solver using compaction-function/peaks statistics with a collapse threshold calibrated on numerical-relativity simulations of peaked-spectrum profiles, and propagate the same statistics into the induced-GW normalization.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_10056_reverse_engineered_usr_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Reverse-engineered ultra-slow-roll primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.10056", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH mass function from the reverse-engineered plateau carries uncalibrated collapse-threshold and USR non-Gaussianity systematics; because f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to these, the headline asteroid-mass abundance prediction is currently order-of-magnitude at best.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a compaction-function/peak-theory mass-function calculator that takes the plateau P_R(k) plus the USR-induced local non-Gaussianity, with the collapse threshold calibrated against published numerical-relativity critical-collapse results for the relevant spectral shapes and thermal-history epochs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17834_subsolar_pbh_curvature_perturbations_v1", "model_name": "Subsolar-mass primordial black holes from monochromatic curvature perturbations", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.17834", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH abundance mapping is only implemented in the delta-function Press-Schechter/Carr approximation; the collapse threshold delta_c, window-function choice, finite spectral width, and non-Gaussianity are uncalibrated, and the source itself states the abundance is uncertain by orders of magnitude depending on scheme.", "proposed_resolution": "Replace the Carr formula with a peak-theory abundance calculation using a numerical-relativity-calibrated collapse threshold and critical-collapse scaling, extended to finite-width curvature spectra and leading non-Gaussian corrections, and propagate the resulting f_PBH uncertainty band into the PTA/microlensing recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_01340_gauss_bonnet_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gauss-Bonnet-corrected single-field-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2108.01340", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with Gaussian statistics, a simple threshold delta_c = 1/3, and collapse fraction gamma = 0.2, whereas ultra-slow-roll spectra require critical-collapse, window-function, and non-Gaussianity corrections that can shift f_PBH by orders of magnitude; the card flags this high-sensitivity assumption explicitly.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute beta(M) and f_PBH(M) for the model's spectra using modern peaks-theory or compaction-function statistics with numerical-relativity-calibrated thresholds and critical-collapse scaling, including the local non-Gaussianity induced by the ultra-slow-roll phase, and propagate the spread as an abundance systematic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_06882_bounce_generated_primordial_black_holes_v1", "model_name": "Non-singular-bounce generated primordial black hole dark matter scenario", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.06882", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH mass function and f_PBH are obtained from monochromatic threshold statistics without a specified collapse threshold prescription or an extended-mass-function treatment, so the claimed 1e-3 < f_PBH < 1 windows carry uncalibrated threshold/window-function uncertainty and cannot be confronted consistently with mass-function-dependent microlensing limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the resummed spectrum to a standard PBH abundance calculator using peaks-theory or compaction-function threshold statistics with numerically calibrated delta_c, produce the extended mass function, and recast the Subaru/HSC and compiled microlensing bounds using the public extended-mass-function method and constraint data (PBHbounds-style curves).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_01653_pbh_stiff_kination_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from an early stiff/kination epoch", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1912.01653", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH collapse threshold delta_c and critical-collapse mass relation are not numerically calibrated for horizon re-entry during a stiff epoch with 1/3 < w <= 1, and beta(M) is exponentially sensitive to delta_c, so the predicted f_PBH(M) carries an uncontrolled order-of-magnitude uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity collapse simulations across the stiff-era equation-of-state range (extending a spectral collapse code such as SPriBHoS to w > 1/3 backgrounds) to calibrate delta_c(w) and critical-collapse scaling, and fold the calibrated thresholds into the Press-Schechter/peaks abundance formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_05179_supercooled_fopt_pbh_dm_magnetogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Supercooled FOPT primordial black hole dark matter with magnetogenesis", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.05179", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance (tuned to f_PBH = 1) hinges on the collapse threshold delta_c for late-nucleating overdense patches during a supercooled FOPT, which the card flags as the dominant uncertainty; no simulation-calibrated value of delta_c exists for this vacuum-energy-dominated collapse scenario, only threshold choices carried over from standard radiation-era collapse.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform numerical-relativity simulations of the collapse of late-nucleating false-vacuum Hubble patches embedded in the reheated plasma to calibrate delta_c and the resulting mass relation as functions of beta/H and the supercooling strength, and publish the fit for use in the semi-analytic abundance formulae.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04397_su5_u1_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(5) x U(1) hybrid-inflation primordial black hole dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2405.04397", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "f_PBH depends exponentially on the collapse threshold delta_c and on non-Gaussianity of the waterfall perturbations, but only a Gaussian Press-Schechter estimate with an assumed window function is available, leaving the abundance uncertain by orders of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the non-Gaussian probability distribution of waterfall curvature perturbations (from the gap_1 stochastic simulation) and recalculate PBH formation with peaks theory or compaction-function criteria calibrated on numerical-relativity collapse thresholds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_multi_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Multi-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance from each peak is exponentially sensitive to the collapse threshold and to non-Gaussianity of the enhanced modes, and the route only carries spherical/ellipsoidal Press-Schechter prescriptions without numerical calibration for this spectrum shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate delta_c and the abundance prescription against numerical-relativity collapse results for the actual peak profile shapes (compaction-function/peak-theory treatment), and propagate the USR non-Gaussianity of the bump-crossing modes into beta(M).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_04303_solo_bumpy_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Solo-bumpy inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.04303", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is exponentially sensitive to the collapse threshold delta_c and to non-Gaussianity of the enhanced modes, and the route only carries spherical/ellipsoidal Press-Schechter prescriptions without numerical calibration for this peak profile.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate delta_c and the abundance prescription against numerical-relativity collapse results for the actual peak profile shape (compaction-function/peak-theory treatment), and propagate the USR non-Gaussianity of the bump-crossing modes into beta(M).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_15280_quantum_well_stochastic_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-well stochastic-inflation primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2111.15280", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The compaction-function collapse threshold delta_c and critical-collapse parameters used in the formation-probability step are calibrated with numerical relativity on Gaussian-like density profiles; no calibration exists for the exponential/heavy-tailed curvature profiles produced by quantum-well stochastic diffusion, and the card flags threshold and window-function choice as a systematic that shifts the abundance exponentially.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity PBH collapse simulations (extending existing radiation-era collapse codes of the Musco type) on representative density profiles drawn from the stochastic-delta-N heavy-tailed PDF, and fit delta_c and the critical exponent as functions of the profile-shape parameter for use in the semi-analytic formation step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11502_alpha_attractor_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Sgoldstino-stabilized alpha-attractor non-oscillatory PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.11502", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH collapse threshold and mass-function mapping are uncalibrated for horizon re-entry during or after kination (w near 1), yet f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to the assumed threshold.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity or Misner-Sharp collapse simulations of super-horizon perturbations in a kination-dominated background to calibrate delta_c(w) and the critical-collapse mass relation, then feed the calibrated threshold into the Press-Schechter/peaks mass-function step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_11502_canonical_kahler_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Sgoldstino-stabilized canonical Kahler non-oscillatory PBH dark matter model", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.11502", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH collapse threshold and mass-function mapping are uncalibrated for horizon re-entry during or after kination (w near 1), yet f_PBH is exponentially sensitive to the assumed threshold.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity or Misner-Sharp collapse simulations of super-horizon perturbations in a kination-dominated background to calibrate delta_c(w) and the critical-collapse mass relation, then feed the calibrated threshold into the Press-Schechter/peaks mass-function step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_13326_pbh_eeftoi_dispersion_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from EEFToI dispersion enhancement", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1912.13326", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from the enhanced (oscillatory) P_R(k) to a PBH mass function relies on a collapse threshold and monochromatic approximation that are uncalibrated for this spectrum shape; the card flags that a broad or oscillatory mass function changes the relevant integrated limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a peaks-theory plus critical-collapse pipeline with a shape-dependent threshold (calibrated from published numerical-relativity collapse results) to the actual EEFToI spectrum, producing an extended mass function beta(M) and f_PBH(M) rather than a monochromatic estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01741_pbh_remnant_kination_quintessence_v1", "model_name": "PBH-remnant dark matter from kination/runaway-quintessence production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1905.01741", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH formation threshold and collapse fraction during kination domination (w=1) are not calibrated by simulations; since the remnant abundance is exponentially sensitive to the curvature tail and threshold, the beta(P_R, w) mapping in step s2 carries order-of-magnitude uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity collapse simulations of superhorizon curvature perturbations in a stiff-fluid (w=1) background to fit the threshold delta_c(w) and shape dependence, then insert the calibrated threshold into the Press-Schechter/peaks beta calculation, including non-Gaussian tail corrections for the attractor-potential spike.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01741_pbh_remnant_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "PBH-remnant dark matter from matter-era mini-PBH production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1905.01741", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mini-PBH formation efficiency during the early matter-dominated (pressureless) era is not calibrated: the beta(P_R) mapping in step s2 relies on semianalytic collapse statistics whose anisotropy and angular-momentum suppression factors are uncertain by orders of magnitude, and the card notes the abundance is exponentially sensitive to the curvature tail.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body/numerical-relativity simulations of nonspherical collapse in a pressureless post-inflationary background to calibrate the matter-era formation fraction (anisotropy and spin suppression) as a function of the spike amplitude and duration of the matter era, and package the fit as a drop-in beta(P_R, w=0) function for the abundance calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_01741_pbh_remnant_radiation_domination_v1", "model_name": "PBH-remnant dark matter from radiation-era mini-PBH production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1905.01741", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The P_R(k)-to-beta step has no calibrated treatment of the collapse threshold and non-Gaussian high-sigma tail for radiation-era mini-PBH formation from an attractor-inflation spike, and beta is exponentially sensitive to these choices.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate delta_c and the tail statistics for this spike class using peak theory plus existing numerical-relativity collapse results, and package the result as a beta(P_R; w) calculator with quantified threshold and non-Gaussianity uncertainty bands.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_02467_step_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from step-feature single-field inflation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.02467", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The PBH abundance mapping uses Gaussian Press-Schechter statistics with an assumed delta_c, while the card notes non-Gaussian tails can shift f_PBH by orders of magnitude for these sharp oscillatory spectra; no calibrated threshold/statistics prescription exists for this feature class.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the collapse threshold and abundance statistics for oscillatory step-feature spectra using peaks theory with the model's full power spectrum shape and numerical-relativity threshold results for the corresponding compaction-function profiles, replacing the fixed delta_c = 0.45 Gaussian mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_12750_vas_supergravity_a4_asteroid_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "VAS supergravity a4 quartic-superpotential asteroid PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2301.12750", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with radiation-era Gaussian Press-Schechter statistics and a fixed threshold delta_c=0.45, which is uncalibrated for the non-Gaussian, USR-enhanced spectra this model produces; the card itself notes non-Gaussianity or different collapse thresholds can strongly change f_PBH.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute f_PBH(M) with a peak-statistics or compaction-function treatment including the USR non-Gaussianity of this potential, using threshold values calibrated on numerical-relativity critical-collapse results for the benchmark's peaked P_R(k) shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_12750_vas_supergravity_b3_asteroid_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "VAS supergravity b3 quartic-superpotential asteroid PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2301.12750", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH abundance is computed with radiation-era Gaussian Press-Schechter statistics and a fixed threshold delta_c=0.45, which is uncalibrated for the non-Gaussian, USR-enhanced spectra this model produces; the card itself notes non-Gaussianity or different collapse thresholds can strongly change f_PBH.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute f_PBH(M) with a peak-statistics or compaction-function treatment including the USR non-Gaussianity of this potential, using threshold values calibrated on numerical-relativity critical-collapse results for the benchmark's peaked P_R(k) shape.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_06785_pbh_running_indices_rd_ligo_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "PBH dark-matter subcomponent from running-index inflation in radiation domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1802.06785", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The abundance-to-merger-rate translation depends on an assumed binary-formation and survival prescription; clustering and disruption effects that the card flags as dominating the interpretation are uncalibrated for this narrow-peak mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of early-forming PBH binaries embedded in the model's predicted clustering environment to calibrate disruption-corrected merger efficiency, and propagate the correction as a systematic band on f_PBH^LIGO.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 39}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Phase-transition & defect-network computation", "n_gaps": 29, "n_models": 29, "weight": 708.9, "n_models_structure_formation": 4, "weight_structure_formation": 98.7, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 16, "degrades_precision": 8, "minor": 1, "blocks_all_observables": 4}, "effort_counts": {"large": 3, "medium": 25, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1910_05025_hidden_qcd_dark_meson_v1", "model_name": "Conformal hidden-QCD dark meson model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.05025", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The finite-temperature NJL condensate-plus-singlet effective potential and the iterative O(3) bounce calculation that yield S3/T, T_n, alpha, and beta/H are not packaged in any public code, so the GW spectrum and DECIGO/BBO SNR cannot be recomputed away from the two quoted benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's V_eff(S, sigma, T) in CosmoTransitions or BubbleProfiler, compute the bounce action and nucleation temperature over (lambda_S, lambda_HS, y_i, Lambda_H), and chain to standard sound-wave GW formulae with the finite sound-wave-lifetime correction, validating against the BP1/BP2 beta/H and SNR values.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_17564_fopt_rescued_self_interacting_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition rescued self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17564", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-sector finite-temperature potential (singlet FOPT scalar plus assisting complex scalar) is not implemented in any named phase-transition solver, so alpha, beta/H, and T_RH for the MeV-scale transition cannot yet be scanned.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's finite-temperature effective potential in CosmoTransitions (or PhaseTracer) to compute nucleation temperature, alpha, and beta/H over the parameter space, checking the BBN/CMB-safe benchmark conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m1_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M1", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dark-sector thermal-history solver covers the singlet phase-transition timing and the BBN/recombination light-species bookkeeping for the keV-scale S and phi/a states, leaving the bbn_cmb_singlet_mass_constraint and dark_phase_transition_timing checks qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Analyze the singlet scalar potential with CosmoTransitions to bound the phase-transition temperature, and track the light-singlet energy density through neutrino decoupling with a coupled dark-sector temperature evolution code to compute Delta N_eff at BBN and recombination for comparison with Planck/BBN limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_fermion_mediated_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermion-mediated dark matter from bubble expansion", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released implementation of the singlet-assisted electroweak finite-temperature effective potential with bounce/nucleation calculation plus bubble-wall friction exists for this model, so T_nuc, transition strength, and whether the wall reaches the ultra-relativistic branch cannot be computed, and everything downstream depends on these outputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SM + real singlet finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions (or a modern equivalent bounce solver), add the leading-order and NLO friction pressure terms to solve for gamma_w, and validate against the paper's benchmark table of nucleation temperatures and wall regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_08526_recycled_ultraheavy_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Recycled ultra-heavy dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08526", "score": 28.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator exists for false-vacuum pocket statistics, particle trapping, and the filtered relic fraction in a dark-sector first-order phase transition; the paper relies on a custom semi-analytic pocket model.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a public FOPT pocket/trapping module on top of CosmoTransitions-style bubble-nucleation output, parameterized by m/T_*, bubble-wall velocity, and portal thermal-contact rate, outputting trapped and filtered fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1601_01681_stiff_scalar_field_dm_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Stiff-era scalar field dark matter for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1601.01681", "score": 28.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No tool computes the actual baryon yield for electroweak baryogenesis in a nonstandard stiff-era expansion history: the route only checks the sphaleron washout condition with enhanced H(T), and existing EWBG transport/sphaleron-rate codes assume radiation-dominated expansion.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a finite-temperature EWPT pipeline (CosmoTransitions for the |H|^6 potential plus standard transport equations for the CP-violating source) to take an arbitrary H(T) from the SFDM background integrator, outputting the surviving baryon asymmetry and the washout factor as functions of (Lambda, rho_sfdm/rho_rad).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1309_5091_nmssm_neutralino_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Z3-conserving NMSSM neutralino cosmology scenario", "family": "neutralino_nmssm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1309.5091", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the Z3-conserving NMSSM finite-temperature effective potential exists for evaluating the strong first-order electroweak phase transition criterion used by the source scan; the finite-temperature step is only a private source calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the scale-invariant Z3 NMSSM one-loop daisy-resummed finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer, validate against the paper's F(gamma)=0 / baryon-washout criterion, and couple it to the NMSSMTools spectrum scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_09411_alp_supercooled_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ALP-triggered supercooled-phase-transition primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.09411", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation exists of the supercooled ALP-sector phase-transition dynamics: the model's finite-temperature Coleman-Weinberg potential, bubble nucleation rate, beta/H, transition strength, and reheating temperature over the (f_a, g) plane are not computable outside the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the radiative U(1)-breaking scalar potential with the SU(2) gauge-sector running in CosmoTransitions (or a bespoke bounce solver for the near-conformal flat direction) and output nucleation/percolation parameters and T_RH on an (f_a, g) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_02230_higgs_portal_bubble_expansion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal dark matter from relativistic bubble expansion", "family": "phase_transition_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.02230", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released implementation of the singlet-assisted electroweak finite-temperature effective potential with bounce/nucleation calculation plus bubble-wall friction exists for this model, so T_nuc, transition strength, and access to the tuned fast-wall branch cannot be computed, and all downstream observables depend on these outputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SM + real singlet finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent modern bounce solver), add friction pressure terms to solve for gamma_w, and validate against the paper's benchmark nucleation temperatures and wall regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_18122_conformal_su2x_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant SU(2)_X vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.18122", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, model-specific pipeline exists for the conformal SU(2)_X RG-improved effective potential, bounce action, and percolation/reheating viability check; the card records no associated code and notes the numerical potential/bounce machinery was not run, so T_p, transition completion, and the GW spectrum inputs cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(2)_X + scalar doublet model in CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer with the RG-improved one-loop finite-temperature potential, add the percolation-temperature and reheating-completion criteria from the primary analysis, and output (T_p, alpha, beta/H) for the GW template stage; validate against the primary paper's percolation-restricted parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_04628_supercool_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supercool radiative-symmetry-breaking phase-transition PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2312.04628", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the classically scale-invariant U(1)_D effective potential with the non-minimal gravitational coupling exists to compute the nucleation action, T_n, alpha, and beta/H_n for the supercooled transition; all transition thermodynamics currently come from the source paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the one-loop Coleman-Weinberg plus thermal U(1)_D potential including the xi phi^2 R term in CosmoTransitions (or FindBounce), and validate the bounce-action tracking through deep supercooling against the paper's benchmark region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_05459_fopt_forbidden_decay_scotogenic_rhn_dm_v1", "model_name": "FOPT-enabled forbidden-decay scotogenic right-handed-neutrino dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_forbidden_decay_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.05459", "score": 26.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the scotogenic inert-doublet one-loop finite-temperature effective potential with an FOPT scan producing T_n, T_s, alpha, and beta/H, which every route in the card starts from.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the inert-doublet plus RHN finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent bounce/nucleation code), scan for T_n < 34 GeV with T_s > T_Sph > T_n, and export alpha and beta/H for the GW pipeline; validate against the paper's benchmark points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_12634_z3_pseudo_goldstone_singlet_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z_3 pseudo-Goldstone complex-singlet dark matter", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.12634", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the Z3 complex-singlet finite-temperature effective potential (including the mu_3 cubic soft-breaking term and the two-step transition pattern) exists in a phase-transition scanner, so v_c/T_c, alpha, and beta/H cannot be recomputed for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Z3 complex-singlet scalar potential with one-loop and daisy-resummed thermal corrections in CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer, validate against the paper's strong two-step EWPT benchmarks (m_S ~ 1-2 TeV, |theta| > 0.2), and expose alpha and beta/H as outputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_07313_su2x_supercooled_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_X supercooled vector dark matter sudden-freeze-out model", "family": "hidden_sector_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.07313", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No numerical finite-temperature effective-potential and bounce-action implementation exists for the SU(2)_X Coleman-Weinberg potential; the card's transition parameters (T_n, T_end, alpha, beta/H_*) rest on benchmark-level analytic formulae whose wall-dynamics and reheating uncertainties dominate the error budget.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-doublet H-S scalar potential with SU(2)_X gauge corrections in CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent bounce solver such as BubbleProfiler), scanning g_X, lambda_HS, lambda_S to output T_n, alpha, beta/H_* over the supercooled regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_17851_su2d_neutron_decay_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(2)_D neutron-decay freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17851", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SU(2)_D finite-temperature phase transition has no solver implementation: transition temperature, alpha, and beta/H needed for quantitative stochastic GW spectra are not computable from the card's assets (tool named only as CosmoTransitions-style).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the SU(2)_D scalar potential with gauge-boson thermal corrections in CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer, extract (T_n, alpha, beta/H) across (g_D, lambda, v_D), and feed the standard FOPT GW templates to recover the primary benchmark GW regions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1008_1997_low_scale_darkogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale darkogenesis with perturbative baryon transfer", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.1997", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative calculation of the dark-number asymmetry from the first-order SU(2)_D phase transition exists; the CP-violating bubble-wall dynamics and dark-sphaleron washout are treated only by analytic requirements, with no transport-equation code for the hidden sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt electroweak-baryogenesis tooling to the dark sector: derive the finite-temperature dark Higgs potential and bubble-wall profile with CosmoTransitions and solve CP-violating transport equations for the dark doublets to predict the asymmetry versus dark couplings and wall velocity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1301_0354_phase_transition_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin Q-ball dark matter", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1301.0354", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Nucleation rates and the transition temperature rest on thin-wall, fast-transition analytic approximations; the model's one-loop finite-temperature potential has not been implemented in a numerical bounce solver, which the card flags by listing a phase-transition solver as a missing required code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the FLS scalar potential with its one-loop thermal corrections in CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent bounce solver) to compute S_3/T, the nucleation temperature, and transition strength across the quoted m_phi ~ 3e2-1e4 GeV, T_c ~ 1e3-3e4 GeV region, replacing the thin-wall estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_04818_gauged_lepton_dark_sector_cp_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged lepton-number dark-sector CP-violating fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.04818", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code computes the dark-sector electroweak-baryogenesis chain for this model: a first-order phase-transition profile with the U(1)_L-breaking scalar sector coupled to the CP-violating chi_L (m0 + lambda_c S) chi_R source, plus the transport equations that convert the dark chiral asymmetry into a baryon asymmetry through the Z-prime background.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-scalar (Phi, S, H) finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions to obtain the bubble-wall profile, then code the model's semi-analytic CP-source and transport equations (as written in the primary paper) as a wrapper that outputs the dark chiral asymmetry for given (lambda_c, eta, wall parameters).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_13126_two_component_wimp_fimp_scalar_u1_lmu_ltau_v1", "model_name": "Two-component WIMP-FIMP scalar dark matter with U(1) L_mu-L_tau", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.13126", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The finite-temperature phase-transition analysis relied on a modified, non-public version of CosmoTransitions; the multi-scalar effective potential of this U(1)_{L_mu-L_tau} model is not implemented in any public phase-transition code, so (T_n, alpha, beta/H) cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's one-loop finite-temperature effective potential (SM Higgs, U(1) Higgs phi_H, spectator dark scalars at zero VEV) in public CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer and validate the nucleation parameters against the paper's benchmark GW spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_11408_hidden_self_interacting_dirac_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Hidden self-interacting Dirac dark matter with scalar-mediated first-order phase transition", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.11408", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-transition calculator handles the hidden-sector first-order transition with an independent dark temperature (hidden-to-visible ratio xi) entering nucleation, alpha, and beta/H; existing public codes assume the transitioning sector shares the visible-sector temperature.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer to evaluate the effective potential and nucleation rate at a dark temperature T_d = xi*T, propagating xi into the Hubble rate and the alpha and beta/H definitions for the GW template.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1503_06783_gev_mixed_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "GeV-scale mixed sneutrino dark matter with Dirac neutrinos", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1503.06783", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The vacuum-metastability bound on the large A_nu trilinear is not reproducible: the sneutrino-direction scalar potential and its bounce action are not implemented in any public tunneling code, so the key companion constraint on (A_nu, theta, m_snu1) rests on the unverified source calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the MSSM-plus-right-handed-sneutrino scalar potential along the lepton-number-violating direction in CosmoTransitions or Vevacious, compute the Euclidean bounce action across the (A_nu, theta, m_snu1) plane, and validate against the source metastability boundary.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_01823_two_scalar_z2_higgs_portal_no_cross_couplings_v1", "model_name": "Two-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal dark matter without singlet-only s-s' cross-couplings", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.01823", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public finite-temperature effective-potential implementation exists for this two-singlet potential: the scenario-d1 transition scan (T_c, v_c/T_c across the three-field space of extrema) was done with unreleased source code, and higher-order thermal corrections beyond the one-loop treatment are not implemented anywhere for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the three-field (h, s, s') one-loop daisy-resummed thermal potential in CosmoTransitions (or PhaseTracer), reproduce the source scenario classification and v_c/T_c benchmarks, and optionally add dimensional-reduction corrections for robustness.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1410_5432_scale_free_ewbg_singlino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Scale-free electroweak-baryogenesis singlino dark matter", "family": "singlino_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.5432", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the high-scale nMSSM plus vector-like-multiplet finite-temperature effective potential exists, so the strongly first-order phase transition (phi/T > 0.9 benchmark region, bounce action, bubble-wall width) cannot be recomputed or scanned beyond the paper's simplified treatment.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the one-loop plus daisy-resummed thermal potential of the Higgs-singlet-vector-like sector into CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent bounce solver), scan (M_SUSY, lambda, k, charged-Higgs mass), and recover the phi/T > 0.9 benchmark region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1504_07970_susy_su2h_confinement_z2_r_parity_dm_v1", "model_name": "SUSY SU(2)_H confinement model with Z2- and R-parity dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1504.07970", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The claimed strong first-order electroweak phase transition (phi_c/T_c > 1) that underpins the benchmark and its triple-Higgs-coupling signature has no finite-temperature effective-potential implementation for this extended Higgs sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the mesonic extended-Higgs scalar potential in CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent finite-temperature effective-potential code) to compute phi_c/T_c across the parameter space and correlate it with the loop-induced lambda_hhh and Higgs-coupling shifts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_01072_supercooled_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extremely supercooled singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01072", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reproducible public pipeline computes the phase-transition history of this model in the extreme-supercooling regime: the required per-mille tuning of lambda_hs near the degenerate-phase line, high-precision bounce-action tracking, and a percolation (rather than nucleation) completion criterion at T_p of order 1 GeV are beyond the released configurations of generic tools like CosmoTransitions, and no model-specific code was published.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public bounce solver (CosmoTransitions or a DRalgo-matched dimensionally-reduced setup) with adaptive-precision action evaluation near the conformal limit, an explicit false-vacuum-fraction percolation criterion, and completion/reheating bookkeeping, releasing the xSM model files and benchmark scans (including the lambda_hs = 1.9694 benchmark) for validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_4614_two_singlet_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-real-singlet light scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_singlet_higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4614", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The strong first-order electroweak phase transition is established only with the source paper's mean-field tree-level-barrier treatment; no finite-temperature effective-potential calculation (daisy-resummed one-loop, gauge-consistent) exists for this two-singlet potential, so v_c/T_c cannot be evaluated reliably across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the two-singlet finite-temperature effective potential in CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent transition-finder) with one-loop Coleman-Weinberg and daisy corrections, and recompute v_c/T_c over the paper's viable points to test the mean-field strong-transition claim.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_07371_two_state_superfluid_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Two-state unified superfluid dark sector", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.07371", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public galaxy-scale solver computes the superfluid condensate profile plus the phonon-mediated force for realistic baryon distributions, so the MOND-like radial acceleration relation prediction cannot be evaluated beyond the deep-phonon-limit analytic estimate, nor across the superfluid/normal-phase transition in clusters.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a nonlinear Poisson-plus-phonon boundary-value solver (axisymmetric, taking SPARC-like baryonic mass models as input) that solves the P(X) phonon equation with baryon coupling alpha and the condensate density profile, outputting rotation curves and the RAR for given (m, Lambda, alpha).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02399_majoron_inverse_seesaw_dim6_v1", "model_name": "Dimension-six extended-inverse-seesaw Majoron dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02399", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public implementation of the dimension-six extended-inverse-seesaw Majoron finite-temperature effective potential exists for phase-transition tracing; the CosmoTransitions setup used by the paper is not released, so alpha_PT, beta/H, and the GW spectrum cannot be recomputed across (v_sigma, Lambda, m_h2).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the one-loop daisy-resummed thermal potential including the lepton-number-preserving dimension-six scalar operators in CosmoTransitions or PhaseTracer, validate against the paper's plotted v_sigma-Lambda transition regions, and release it with benchmark input files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09990_trapped_vacuum_bubble_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Trapped-vacuum-bubble primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.09990", "score": 18.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The spherical field-evolution code that classifies subcritical versus supercritical trapped vacuum bubbles and sets the bubble-formation threshold is private to the authors; no packaged tool exists to recompute thresholds and comoving bubble sizes for other barrier potentials.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain and release the paper's spherical inflaton-field evolution code, or reimplement a 1+1D spherically symmetric scalar-field solver on an FRW background with the paper's barrier potential and validate against the published critical-amplitude and f_NL~2.6 transition results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 40, "rank_structure_formation": 62}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Milky Way satellite / subhalo-count likelihood", "n_gaps": 23, "n_models": 23, "weight": 684.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 22, "weight_structure_formation": 642.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 11, "degrades_precision": 12}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 16, "large": 7}, "members": [{"model_id": "2305_15736_heavy_scalar_decay_nonthermal_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-scalar-decay non-thermal warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.15736", "score": 50.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined Milky Way satellite (DES/Pan-STARRS1) plus strong-lensing flux-ratio likelihood that produces the m_nonthermal >= 107 keV bound is not packaged for direct use with this model's nonthermal transfer functions; only the thermal-equivalent WDM mapping connects the modified-CLASS output to the published limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the modified-CLASS T(k) output with the public MW satellite likelihood (Nadler et al. DES+PS1 framework) and a lensing flux-ratio substructure likelihood, parameterized by half-mode mass or directly by the nonthermal T(k), so the 107 keV bound can be rerun and updated without the thermal-relic detour.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_03203_two_state_inelastic_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-state inelastic self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.03203", "score": 46.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public likelihood exists connecting the model's predictions (density profiles, subhalo Vmax functions, local speed distribution) to data; the card lists only 'profile and subhalo summary-statistic likelihoods; no public full likelihood identified' and the elastic-SIDM constraint set explicitly requires recasting for inelastic scattering.", "proposed_resolution": "Build an emulator of core sizes, central densities, and subhalo Vmax functions over (sigma/m, Delta/m_chi, f_excited) from the simulation grid and couple it to existing Milky Way satellite and dwarf-kinematics likelihoods, replacing the elastic-equivalent recast factor with a direct inelastic-parameter constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1412_1592_nrp_sterile_neutrino_mixed_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-resonantly produced sterile-neutrino mixed dark matter", "family": "mixed_cold_warm_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1592", "score": 42, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public spectral likelihood exists for the XMM-Newton/Chandra 3.5 keV line searches; mixing-angle constraints on the sterile subcomponent must be reconstructed from published flux limits and rescaled by r_warm.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct a line-search likelihood from published X-ray flux limits and stacked spectra for the standard targets (clusters, M31, Milky Way satellites), parameterized in line energy and flux so it rescales trivially with the sterile fraction r_warm.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_02847_multiple_sm_sector_dissipative_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark matter from multiple Standard Model sectors", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.02847", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline maps dissipative-halo predictions onto small-scale-structure data (Milky Way satellite counts, field velocity function, halo structure), so the small_scale_halo_phenomenology comparison remains pass/fail by eye.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing Milky Way satellite likelihoods (DES plus Pan-STARRS style) and velocity-function datasets to consume the suppressed low-mass halo function and dissipative profiles produced by the steady-state solver or simulations, exposing N_sec and epsilon as likelihood parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_09141_fimp_decay_entropy_v1", "model_name": "Simplified light FIMP with entropy-modified decay production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.09141", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Milky Way/M31 satellite constraint is applied as a hard semi-analytic threshold N_sat > 63 with an assumed subhalo-to-galaxy occupation, not as a probabilistic likelihood, so the exclusion boundary carries unquantified galaxy-formation systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published DES+PS1 Milky Way satellite likelihood (which marginalizes over the galaxy-halo connection) onto the FIMP alpha-beta-gamma transfer-function parameterization instead of the thermal-WDM mass axis.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_09141_fimp_decay_scattering_v1", "model_name": "Simplified light FIMP with decay and scattering production", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.09141", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Milky Way/M31 satellite constraint is applied as a hard semi-analytic threshold N_sat > 63 with an assumed subhalo-to-galaxy occupation, not as a probabilistic likelihood, so the exclusion boundary carries unquantified galaxy-formation systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published DES+PS1 Milky Way satellite likelihood (which marginalizes over the galaxy-halo connection) onto the FIMP alpha-beta-gamma transfer-function parameterization instead of the thermal-WDM mass axis.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_6374_exothermic_yukawa_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Exothermic Yukawa-potential interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6374", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects exothermic-YIDM parameters to Milky Way satellite counts or cluster consistency: existing satellite-abundance likelihoods are built for power-spectrum-suppression models, not for late-time evaporation of already-formed low-mass halos.", "proposed_resolution": "Once simulation-calibrated evaporation predictions exist, map them into the DES/Pan-STARRS Milky Way satellite likelihood framework via a modified subhalo-disruption term, and add cluster-scale sigma/m bounds evaluated at high velocities as a joint constraint.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_02958_light_gravitino_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Entropy-diluted light gravitino warm dark matter", "family": "gravitino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.02958", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Milky Way satellite constraint is applied only as a conservative N_sat >= 63 counting criterion; no satellite-abundance likelihood is wired to the diluted-gravitino transfer function, and newer DES/PS1-based counts that would tighten the bound are not incorporated.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the diluted mixed-DM transfer function to a suppressed subhalo mass function via calibrated half-mode scaling and evaluate it in a Nadler-style DES/PS1 satellite likelihood (galaxy-halo connection marginalized), replacing the fixed N_sat >= 63 threshold with a proper posterior on (m_3/2, f_3/2, Delta).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_0067_u1_late_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) late-decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0067", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dwarf-halo kick-lifetime window has no likelihood (likelihood_available: no) — viability is judged by eye against cited simulation papers — and the cosmological invisible-decay constraint is only partially covered by recasts of decaying-DM analyses that are not exact U(1) pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone implementations.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine an existing two-body decaying-DM Boltzmann implementation (public CLASS decaying-DM extensions with mass splitting) with Planck plus matter-power/weak-lensing likelihoods, and add a Milky Way satellite-count/stellar-kinematics likelihood over the emulated halo response, parameterized in (epsilon, tau_chi_star, decayed fraction).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0012317_low_reheat_standard_model_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat Standard Model neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0012317", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No matter-power, Ly-alpha, or substructure likelihood exists that accepts the low-reheat nonthermal neutrino T(k); the card marks con_low_reheat_matter_power as likelihood_available: no with recasting_needed: yes, and thermal-WDM mass bounds cannot be applied directly to this distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast an existing Ly-alpha or Milky Way satellite-count likelihood in terms of a generalized transfer-function parameterization (e.g. alpha-beta-gamma fits) and map the low-reheat neutrino T(k) onto it, rather than through invalid thermal-WDM mass equivalents.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1202_5456_leptophilic_sommerfeld_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic Sommerfeld-enhanced WIMP toy model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.5456", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists that confronts the model's predicted sub-Earth-to-stellar-mass protohalo cutoff and its velocity-dependent scalar/pseudoscalar self-interaction with data: existing MW-satellite, stream, and lensing likelihoods probe halo masses far above the predicted M_cut range, and SIDM halo-structure bounds require a mediator-specific transfer-cross-section recast not packaged anywhere.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast layer that maps (m_chi, m_s, m_p, couplings) to sigma_T/m over dwarf-to-cluster velocities for spin-0 mediator exchange and evaluates it against published SIDM constraint surfaces, and couple the predicted M_cut to minihalo-sensitive probes (pulsar timing, photometric microlensing, and annihilation-boost limits from Fermi dwarf likelihoods) in one composite likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_0067_z4_late_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z4 late-decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0067", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public structure-formation likelihood exists for two-parameter late-decay kick models (v_kick from epsilon ~ 1e-5, tau ~ 1-10 Gyr): the dwarf-halo kick/lifetime window and the weak-lensing decay forecasts on the card are target regions and forecasts, not evaluable likelihoods (likelihood_available: no for both).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a (v_kick, tau) decaying-dark-matter likelihood from Milky Way satellite counts and subhalo mass functions (extending existing DES/PS1 satellite likelihood machinery) and wrap the published weak-lensing DDM forecast chains into a reusable likelihood module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1305_1936_neutrinophilic_eft_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Effective neutrinophilic dark matter with late kinetic decoupling", "family": "neutrinophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.1936", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the predicted protohalo cutoff mass M_cut to observed small-scale-structure data; the card flags the missing-satellites interpretation as astrophysical with no direct particle-physics likelihood, and the route lists an empty likelihoods block.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing Milky Way satellite-count likelihood (DES/Pan-STARRS satellite census with a subhalo-population forward model) to accept a smooth-cutoff transfer function parameterized by M_cut, so the neutrinophilic suppression can be statistically confronted with data rather than compared to a qualitative missing-satellites target.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2112_03993_two_temperature_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two temperature dark matter (2TDM)", "family": "mixed_cold_warm_nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.03993", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Milky Way satellite-count constraint requires a subhalo-abundance likelihood with galaxy-halo connection and survey-completeness modeling; the card marks it only partially available, calibrated on WDM-like half-mode recasts rather than the 2TDM two-scale cutoff, and the likelihood assets were not run.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public Milky Way satellite likelihood (DES+Pan-STARRS-type analysis with a calibrated galaxy-halo connection) to consume the 2TDM transfer function directly, mapping its two-scale suppression onto the subhalo mass function instead of the single half-mode-scale k_hm proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_07660_two_component_cdm_self_heating_v1", "model_name": "Two-component cold dark matter with self-heated light component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.07660", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The MCVF comparison is benchmark-level: no likelihood connects the simulated subhalo N(>V_max) to observed Milky Way satellite counts, and baryonic-feedback and halo-profile systematics were explicitly left untreated.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing Milky Way satellite likelihood (subhalo mass function conditioned on suppressed P(k), including a disk-disruption and galaxy-halo connection model) to this model's transfer functions, calibrated with a small suite of zoom-in simulations including baryonic corrections.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_00999_multi_ultralight_axion_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-ultralight-axion mixed dark matter", "family": "multi_component_ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.00999", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No strong-lensing or stellar-stream subhalo likelihood is available recast for the multi-ULA halo/subhalo mass function; the cited exclusions near 2.1e-21 eV assume a single all-DM ULDM transfer function.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast public subhalo mass-function likelihoods from strong-lensing flux ratios and stellar-stream gap statistics in terms of the computed multi-ULA halo mass function, parameterized by the effective mass m_e and fraction f_12 instead of a single-ULA cutoff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_4_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-4 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Milky Way satellite population likelihood exists for ETHOS-4: the missing-satellites and too-big-to-fail assessment is a qualitative comparison of simulated subhalo V_max functions with dwarf kinematics, so the benchmark's viability cannot be stated with confidence intervals in the (a4, r_DAO/r_SD, sigma_T/m_chi) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the ETHOS-suppressed subhalo mass function (parameterized by the DAO/damping cutoff plus a velocity-dependent SIDM core response) to an existing satellite forward-modeling likelihood of the DES/PS1 type, calibrating the subhalo suppression and V_max modification on the existing ETHOS zoom simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_1_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-1 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Milky Way satellite abundance and too-big-to-fail comparison is qualitative: no statistical likelihood connects ETHOS-1 predictions (subhalo V_max function, core densities) to MW satellite counts and kinematics, so the benchmark's viability cannot be quantified or combined with other constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing MW satellite population likelihood (e.g. the DES/PS1 satellite-count framework with a subhalo-to-satellite connection model) to take ETHOS-1 subhalo mass/V_max functions as input, including a suppression parameterization calibrated on the zoom simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_3730_higgs_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal self-interacting dark matter with light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3730", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No halo-scale likelihood exists for the joint dwarf-core and cluster-shape SIDM constraint (likelihood_available: no); viability is judged against order-of-magnitude sigma_T/m bands without baryonic or halo-modeling systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a likelihood from isothermal-Jeans SIDM halo modeling calibrated on existing SIDM N-body simulations, covering dwarf spheroidal kinematics, Milky Way satellite densities, and cluster shape/merger constraints as a function of sigma_T/m(v).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_2_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-2 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Milky Way satellite abundance and too-big-to-fail comparison is qualitative: no statistical likelihood connects ETHOS-2 predictions (subhalo V_max function, core densities) to MW satellite counts and kinematics, so the benchmark's viability cannot be quantified or combined with other constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing MW satellite population likelihood (e.g. the DES/PS1 satellite-count framework with a subhalo-to-satellite connection model) to take ETHOS-2 subhalo mass/V_max functions as input, including a suppression parameterization calibrated on the zoom simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_3_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-3 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for the Milky Way satellite abundance / too-big-to-fail comparison (likelihood_available: no) or for the cluster self-interaction consistency check; both are qualitative viability assessments requiring recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing MW satellite population likelihood (e.g. the DES/PS1 satellite-count likelihood with a subhalo model conditioned on the ETHOS cutoff and SIDM core formation) and a cluster sigma_T/m constraint module, so satellite counts and kinematics constrain (a4, r_DAO, sigma_T/m_chi) statistically.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_05868_neutrino_self_interaction_sterile_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino self-interaction assisted sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05868", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Milky Way satellite constraint can only be applied through an approximate mapping of the model's transfer-function cutoff onto thermal-relic WDM half-mode bounds; no direct satellite likelihood evaluation using the model's actual transfer function exists, and the mapping fails if the cutoff shape departs from WDM-like.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the model-specific P(k) from CLASS through a public DES/Pan-STARRS1 Milky Way satellite likelihood (Nadler-et-al-style subhalo-abundance framework), replacing the k_hm-to-thermal-WDM proxy with a direct evaluation over the (m4, sin^2(2 theta), m_phi, lambda) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2211_02025_charged_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Charged scalar field dark matter with dark photon", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.02025", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood pipeline exists for either constraint: Ly-alpha/satellite limits are only available as thermal-WDM templates that the card says must not be applied directly, and no Fermi-Bubble/gamma-ray likelihood with astrophysical foreground modeling is interfaced to the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Ly-alpha and Milky-Way satellite likelihoods through the charged-SFDM transfer function once gap_1 closes (e.g. via area-criterion or emulator-based transfer-function matching), and interface a gamma-ray sky likelihood with Fermi-Bubble templates for the emission channel.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 41, "rank_structure_formation": 19}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 28, "n_models": 28, "weight": 668.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 12, "degrades_precision": 10, "minor": 6}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 16, "small": 6, "large": 6}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_09904_cosmic_ray_boosted_gidm_spin2_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-ray boosted sub-GeV gravitationally interacting dark matter with a spin-2 mediator", "family": "gravitationally_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.09904", "score": 47.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from generic light-mediator CRDM bounds (Borexino, Super-K, LZ) to the spin-2 GIDM couplings is flagged as recast_required: no derived translation of those complementary constraints into (m_G, c_SM/Lambda, c_DM/Lambda) space exists, leaving the benchmark's overall viability unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the spin-2-specific visible final states and coupling combinations probed by Borexino, Super-K, and meson-decay constraints, and recast the published light-mediator CRDM limits into the model's (m_chi, m_G, Lambda) plane instead of quoting generic mediator bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11140_adm_cmb_birefringence_cs_current_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter with Chern-Simons photon-current coupling", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11140", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced ADM-quark interaction from the dimension-six current-photon Chern-Simons operator has only an order-of-magnitude heavy-mediator estimate with simplified quark-charge/log factors; no dedicated loop-level matching and RG running to nuclear-recoil operators exists, so the claimed LZ exclusion of the 5 GeV benchmark is low-robustness.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the one-loop matching of J_mu A_nu Ftilde/M^2 onto quark-level effective operators, run them to the nuclear scale with standard DM EFT running tools (e.g. runDM/DirectDM), and evaluate the recoil rate against the LZ exposure with a standard direct-detection rate code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_02847_multiple_sm_sector_dissipative_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark matter from multiple Standard Model sectors", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.02847", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The local dark-plasma phase-space distribution at Earth, including detector shielding and dark-metal composition, has not been derived, and without it kinetic-mixing direct-detection rates cannot be computed from standard Maxwellian halo assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the local dark-plasma density, temperature, and velocity distribution from the steady-state halo solution, model dark-electromagnetic shielding and capture by the Earth for epsilon~1e-10, and feed the resulting flux into standard nuclear/electronic recoil-rate codes with detector-specific efficiencies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_01729_z3_inert_multiplet_semiannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Z3 semi-annihilating inert scalar multiplet model", "family": "semi_annihilating_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.01729", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "In the viable regions where tree-level Higgs/Z exchange is suppressed by hypercharge and CP-composition choices, the direct-detection signal is dominated by electroweak loop-level scattering, which is not calculated in the paper or available in standard tools for this multiplet content, so the direct-detection observable cannot be quantitatively evaluated precisely where the model lives.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the known electroweak-loop direct-detection calculations for minimal SU(2)_L multiplets (Hisano et al. style effective nucleon couplings) to the phi1/phi2 mixed neutral states, tabulate sigma_SI(m_DM, n_i, Delta m), and feed the result to DDCalc for XENON/LZ likelihood evaluation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_03398_dark_antineutron_adm_v1", "model_name": "Dark anti-neutron asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.03398", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark anti-neutron electric dipole moment coefficient g, which controls the entire direct-detection cross section, exists only as an O(1) tree-level estimate; no dark-QCD calculation (lattice or chiral effective theory) of the EDM induced by the dark vacuum angle has been performed for this confining dark sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the dark-neutron EDM as a function of the dark vacuum angle and dark-quark masses by rescaling existing SM lattice-QCD nucleon-EDM results to the dark confinement scale, or by a dedicated dark chiral-perturbation-theory derivation, and publish g with a quantified uncertainty band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_02779_dark_matter_pearl_vacuum_bubble_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter pearl vacuum-bubble model", "family": "macroscopic_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.02779", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative derivation exists of the pearl excitation and de-excitation microphysics: the probability of exciting a pearl while it slows in shielding, the resulting ~3.5 keV electron emission spectrum in a detector, and the predicted DAMA-LIBRA/Xenon1T rate ratio are all undeveloped (the primary paper says so explicitly).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the excitation spectrum of the domain-wall/electron-cloud bound system from the assumed skin tension and internal compressed-matter equation of state, then compute excitation cross sections on shielding nuclei and the de-excitation electron spectrum, yielding a falsifiable detector rate model for NaI and xenon targets.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_12989_phantom_hidden_sector_sterile_neutrino_dm_creation_v1", "model_name": "Phantom hidden-sector sterile-neutrino dark matter creation", "family": "phantom_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.12989", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "For the boosted-dark-matter extension, neither the local boosted flux normalization Phi_boost from vacuum decay nor an electron-recoil detector recast (XENONnT/DAMIC response and likelihood) exists for this model, so the direct-detection channel cannot be evaluated at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the present-day boosted sterile-neutrino flux from the fitted vacuum-decay rate, then recast XENONnT electron-recoil data using the published detector efficiency and background model, following existing boosted-DM recast frameworks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_09973_fourth_generation_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Fourth-generation U-antiquark dark atoms", "family": "dark_atom_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.09973", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The quantum-mechanical calculation of dark-atom binding and scattering with nuclei (binding energies and low-energy interaction of the helium-bound (UUU) composite with Na and other detector/terrestrial nuclei) does not exist; the primary text explicitly says the correct interaction description is under development, so DAMA compatibility, null-search consistency, and anomalous-isotope rates cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective dark-atom/nucleus potential by solving the few-body quantum problem of the He-bound (UUU) cluster in the combined nuclear Coulomb and Woods-Saxon potentials (as attempted for O-helium), obtain binding energies and elastic/inelastic cross sections for Na, I, Xe, and Ge targets, and package them as a scattering-rate module for direct-detection recasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_01164_pure_scalar_inelastic_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pure-scalar inelastic coannihilation dark matter model", "family": "inelastic_scalar_coannihilation", "arxiv": "2111.01164", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "A dedicated inelastic nuclear-recoil calculation (s1 + nucleus -> s2 upscattering with the Delta threshold) was not performed, so direct-detection evasion is encoded only qualitatively and cannot be checked quantitatively against XENON1T/PandaX data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the inelastic Higgs-portal scattering rate with the kinematic threshold v_min(Delta) and halo-velocity integration, implementing it in an existing rate code such as WimPyDD or DDCalc modified for inelastic kinematics, and compare with XENON1T/PandaX exclusion data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_11072_conformal_bl_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "Conformal B-L pseudo-Goldstone dark matter", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.11072", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-suppressed direct-detection cross section is asserted qualitatively but never computed: no numerical recoil cross section for the pseudo-Goldstone-nucleon scattering (including the effectively inelastic tree-level Z-prime channel into the heavier scalar partner) exists on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-level elastic scattering amplitude through the Z-prime and scalar portals (and the inelastic tree-level channel with m_etaA/m_DM about 3), then evaluate against xenon-experiment limits with standard direct-detection tools to confirm the suppression quantitatively.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_07841_z2_fermion_dm_pseudo_dirac_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Z2-odd fermion dark matter annihilating to pseudo-Dirac sterile neutrinos", "family": "secluded_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.07841", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The one-loop matching of (lambda_H, y_chi) onto the effective Higgs-portal operator that controls spin-independent chi-nucleon scattering and the Higgs invisible width is not derived for this model; the paper only cites a similar-model calculation, so no quantitative direct-detection or invisible-Higgs exclusion can be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform the one-loop matching (operators scaling as lambda_H^2 y_chi^4 per the card) following the cited similar-model computation, verify the normalization against that reference as the route's validation test requires, then feed the resulting effective coupling into standard direct-detection likelihood machinery and current Higgs invisible-width limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_12286_dark_neutron_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-sector dark neutron WIMP-baryogenesis model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.12286", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-neutron nuclear matrix elements and form factors for scattering through Higgs/dark-Higgs, B-L, or heavy scalar mediators are not derived; without them the direct-detection cross section for the composite dark neutron cannot be computed beyond order-of-magnitude estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive dark-neutron sigma terms and form factors by rescaling QCD lattice/chiral-perturbation results to the dark confinement scale and detuned dark-quark Yukawas, for each candidate mediator operator, and publish them as inputs to the scattering calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_08125_left_right_triplet_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component SU(2)_R triplet fermion dark matter in broken D-parity left-right symmetry", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.08125", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The claimed direct-detection null signal rests on a kinematic argument only; the card notes a dedicated off-shell/loop-induced nuclear recoil cross-section calculation for the neutral triplet components was not provided.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the loop-level and off-shell W_R-mediated effective neutralino-nucleon operators for the SU(2)_R triplet (analogous to published wino-nucleon loop calculations) and compare the resulting sigma_SI to the xenon neutrino floor to make the null-signal claim quantitative.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_00849_stfm_triplet_wimp_nonthermal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "STFM triplet WIMP with singlet-assisted nonthermal freeze-in", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.00849", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-level spin-independent triplet-nucleon cross section sigma_SI is not derived or implemented for this model (the STFM triplet has no tree-level elastic scattering), so direct-detection limits cannot be quantitatively applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the known Hisano-type electroweak two-loop/one-loop calculation of wino-like triplet-nucleon scattering to the STFM (including scalar-triplet mixing contributions), and feed the resulting sigma_SI into DDCalc-style detector-response recasting.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_05375_triplet_fermion_dm_type_iii_seesaw_higgs_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) triplet fermion dark matter with type III seesaw Higgs inflation", "family": "minimal_fermion_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.05375", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-level electroweak elastic scattering cross section of the zero-hypercharge triplet on nuclei is not computed on the card, so the suppressed direct-detection prediction cannot be evaluated quantitatively against experiments.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt the Hisano-type loop-level electroweak multiplet-nucleon scattering results for the wino-like triplet, evaluate at M_DM = 2.4 TeV, and compare against current xenon-experiment limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_pseudoscalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with pseudoscalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced spin-independent direct-detection cross section for the pure pseudoscalar coupling is not calculated, leaving the claimed null direct-detection signal unverified against loop and CP-mixing effects flagged in the card's caveats.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the one-loop induced scalar nucleon coupling for the gamma5 mediator interaction using effective-operator running tools (DirectDM plus DDCalc style pipeline) and compare against current xenon limits over the scan ranges.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_12635_fermionic_absorption_charged_current_v1", "model_name": "Charged-current fermionic absorption dark matter", "family": "fermionic_absorption_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.12635", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public tables or code exist for the nuclear matrix elements of charged-current dark-matter absorption (chi + n -> p + e-) across relevant detector isotopes (xenon, argon, neutrino-detector targets), including isotope thresholds and transition strengths.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute charged-current absorption matrix elements with established nuclear shell-model or QRPA machinery (the same frameworks used for beta-decay and neutrinoless-double-beta matrix elements) for the leading target isotopes, and release them as tables keyed to m_chi and operator Lorentz structure.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_11938_inelastic_scalar_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon-mediated inelastic scalar dark matter", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.11938", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The xenon electron-recoil rate for exothermic inelastic scattering with a 2-3 keV splitting requires atomic ionization form factors evaluated at the down-scattering kinematics; existing public atomic-response tables assume elastic halo-DM kinematics and do not cover this regime directly.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public xenon atomic ionization code (QEdark or DarkART) to inelastic kinematics by shifting the energy-conservation delta function by the splitting delta and re-tabulating ionization factors K(E_R, q) over the relevant momentum-transfer range, then validate against the primary paper's 2-3 keV recoil peak.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05380_lowest_energy_higgson_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Lowest-energy higgson WIMP", "family": "electroweak_wimp", "arxiv": "2210.05380", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The spin-independent Xe cross section (quoted at 1e-48 to 1e-47 cm^2) is only an inert-doublet analogy; the loop-level calculation of gauge-mediated higgson-nucleon scattering, where electroweak two-loop contributions are known to dominate for gauge-only WIMPs, has not been performed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Carry out a Hisano-style electroweak loop calculation of the SI higgson-nucleon cross section for a scalar with second-order W/Z couplings and package the result as a function of m_h for comparison with LZ/XENONnT/DARWIN projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_0969_rnumdm_majorana_quintuplet_v1", "model_name": "Radiative seesaw minimal dark matter Majorana quintuplet model", "family": "radiative_seesaw_minimal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.0969", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-induced N_R^0-nucleus spin-independent cross section is only quoted as a future-detection target; no implemented calculation (electroweak two-loop Wilson coefficients plus nuclear form factors) exists for this quintuplet on the card, so the recoil rate cannot be confronted with concrete detector sensitivities.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the Hisano et al. electroweak-multiplet effective-theory results for the n=5 Majorana multiplet to obtain sigma_N with QCD corrections, and feed the result into a standard recoil-rate calculator (e.g. DDCalc) for comparison with XENONnT/LZ/DARWIN projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_05375_fiveplet_fermion_dm_type_i_seesaw_higgs_inflation_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) fiveplet fermion dark matter with type I seesaw Higgs inflation", "family": "minimal_fermion_multiplet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.05375", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The loop-level electroweak elastic scattering cross section of the zero-hypercharge fiveplet on nuclei is not computed on the card, so the suppressed direct-detection prediction cannot be evaluated quantitatively against experiments.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt the Hisano-type two-loop electroweak multiplet-nucleon scattering formalism, evaluate it for the fiveplet at M_DM = 4.4 TeV, and compare against current xenon-experiment limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_09913_scalar_hexaquark_s_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar hexaquark S dark matter", "family": "baryonic_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.09913", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calculation of the S-hexaquark-nucleon elastic scattering cross section sigma_S-nucleon exists: the compact uuddss composite couples through flavor-singlet scalar exchange (sigma/f0(980)/glueball), and neither the couplings nor the composite form factor have been derived, so XENON/SuperCDMS limits cannot be mapped onto the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the S-nucleon amplitude with QCD sum rules or lattice QCD for the scalar-singlet couplings g_{S S sigma/f0/G}, fold in the hexaquark compactness form factor, and publish sigma_S-nucleon(m_S, r_S) so standard light-DM detector recasts can be applied.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_14354_complex_vector_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex vector condensate dark matter with magnetic dipole coupling", "family": "vector_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.14354", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Published vector electromagnetic-multipole direct-detection limits assume incoherent particle dark matter scattering; no derivation exists of the recoil signal (or its absence) for a coherent homogeneous condensate, so the direct-detection observable cannot be evaluated for the condensate benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the detector response to a coherent oscillating vector condensate with a magnetic-dipole photon coupling (including the local coherence length and occupation numbers), determine in which (M, lambda) regime the particle-gas recoil limits apply, and recast the published XENON1T/CRESST-III multipole limits into the paper's coupling convention there.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_02413_muon_g2_leptophilic_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Muon-g-2 Model II leptophilic Majorana WIMP without tree-level Higgs coupling", "family": "muon_g2_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "2204.02413", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The loop-induced spin-independent DM-nucleon cross section of the leptophilic model (no tree-level Higgs coupling; photon/Higgs loops through scalar lepton partners) is not derived into a usable recast, so the direct-detection suppression claim cannot be quantitatively compared to detector limits (card caveat: 'Loop-level rates require a dedicated recast').", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one- and two-loop photon- and Higgs-mediated effective nucleon operators for the muon-partner loops (following standard leptophilic-WIMP loop analyses), run them through DirectDM for RG evolution to nuclear scales, and evaluate limits with DDCalc against LZ/XENONnT data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1106_1182_gauge_mediated_r_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated O'Raifeartaigh R-ball dark matter", "family": "non_topological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.1182", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The messenger-loop elastic scattering cross section sigma_RN of visible matter off an R-ball has never been computed (the source paper explicitly leaves it for future work), so the direct-detection observable cannot be evaluated even at order-of-magnitude level.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the one-loop messenger-induced effective coupling between Standard Model nucleons and the X-condensate interior, then build the coherent macroscopic R-ball-nucleus cross section as a function of charge R and radius, and compare against macroscopic-dark-matter direct-detection and cosmic-ray detector limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_06471_fraternal_twin_higgs_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Fraternal twin Higgs cogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06471", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Higgs-portal coupling and nuclear-recoil form factors of the composite triple-bottom twin baryon (twin-QCD sigma terms and matrix elements) are not derived, so the direct-detection cross section for the 5.5 GeV twin baryon cannot be computed beyond order of magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the twin-baryon Higgs coupling by rescaling SM-nucleon sigma terms to the twin-QCD scale set by f/v (or by a dedicated heavy-quark twin-baryon estimate), then feed sigma_SI into standard low-mass direct-detection rate formulas and existing likelihood machinery such as DDCalc.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_04655_dirac_scotogenic_inert_doublet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet scalar dark matter in the Dirac scotogenic model", "family": "scotogenic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04655", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The one-loop electroweak gauge-mediated spin-independent scattering cross section for doublet-dominated eta1 (including singlet mixing through the trilinear A term) has not been computed; the primary only expects it to be 'challenging', yet it is the decisive viability test against the quoted xenon bound of 6.5e-48 cm^2.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt the established Hisano-et-al electroweak one-loop direct-detection formalism (as applied to the inert doublet model) to eta1 with arbitrary doublet-singlet mixing, implement it on top of the gap_1 model files, and confront the result with the LZ likelihood via DDCalc.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1809_09106_bottom_loop_composite_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bottom-loop composite pNGB dark matter", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.09106", "score": 5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The bottom-loop-induced non-derivative portal coupling lambda is only estimated at isolated benchmarks (about 3e-4 for M_b = 8 TeV); no systematic matching calculation gives lambda as a function of (M_b, f, breaking pattern) across the parameter space, which controls the direct-detection prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform the one-loop matching of the bottom-partner sector onto the phi^2|H|^2 operator within the SO(7)/SO(6) construction, and publish lambda(M_b, f) tables or a fitting function usable in the model implementation of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 42}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "CMB likelihood & ΔN_eff machinery", "n_gaps": 26, "n_models": 26, "weight": 595.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 6, "weight_structure_formation": 135.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 13, "degrades_precision": 10, "minor": 3}, "effort_counts": {"large": 5, "medium": 12, "small": 9}, "members": [{"model_id": "1805_06876_composite_adm_dark_photon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Composite asymmetric dark matter with a dark photon portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06876", "score": 38.25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark-nucleon decay width via the B-L portal operator is only an effective-operator scaling estimate: the hadronic matrix element between the dark nucleon and dark-pion-plus-neutrino final state has not been derived for any concrete dark-hadron spectrum, so the quoted M_* > 1e8.5 GeV limit cannot be sharpened or generalized.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the portal-operator matrix elements with naive dimensional analysis anchored to lattice QCD proton-decay matrix elements rescaled to the dark confinement scale, for the specific dark gauge group and quark content, producing a decay-width formula with quantified uncertainty.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_hidden_scalar_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged Dirac dark matter with hidden-scalar depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The hidden-scalar depletion sector is not fully specified: the paper finds simple loop decay of phi insufficient before BBN, and no calculation exists of the phi lifetime/decay channels checked against BBN and CMB energy-injection limits for the parameter space that yields f_DM ~ 0.3-2 percent.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive explicit phi depletion/decay channels (e.g. 3-to-2 cannibalization or portal decays), compute the lifetime and injected energy, and check them with an energy-injection code such as DarkHistory or ExoCLASS across the (m_scalar, scalar_lifetime) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_07723_u1d_pseudo_dirac_bound_state_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_D pseudo-Dirac dark matter with dark-Higgs bound states", "family": "dark_sector_bound_state_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.07723", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB energy-injection constraint from S-wave bound-state formation is only a recast target: sigma_BSF v and the injected-energy deposition efficiency have not been derived for this model's dark-Higgs-mediated pseudo-Dirac spectrum and mediator decay chains, so the CMB bound cannot be applied as an exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive sigma_BSF v for the chi_1 chi_2 system with the h_D-mediated Yukawa potential following the published p-wave BSF calculation, compute f_eff for the resulting h_D/V decay products with DarkHistory or the ExoCLASS deposition functions, and evaluate against the Planck energy-injection likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1404_6127_global_u1_pseudo_dirac_dm_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Global-U(1) pseudo-Dirac dark matter with Goldstone dark radiation", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1404.6127", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The predicted Delta N_eff from the Goldstone bath is only reported as a figure-level trend: the visible-dark decoupling history fixing xi(T_dec) has not been extracted or recomputed, so the BBN/CMB radiation-density test cannot be applied numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute Delta N_eff(T_dec) via standard entropy-conservation bookkeeping for the dark sector (chi, rho, eta degrees of freedom) and compare against the Planck N_eff posterior, replacing the undigitized figure values with a closed-form table.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_05561_comprehensive_asymmetric_mirror_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Comprehensive asymmetric mirror dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.05561", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The kinetic-decoupling temperature between the visible and mirror sectors (through the Higgs/neutron-portal interactions) is only partially solved in the source, so T_D/T_V and hence Delta N_eff cannot be computed from model parameters without an ad hoc decoupling assumption.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the sector energy-exchange rate for the Higgs-portal and effective neutron-portal operators, solve the coupled temperature evolution equations to find the decoupling temperature as a function of portal couplings, and feed the result into the existing entropy-conservation calculation of T_D/T_V.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_13337_large_extra_dimension_kk_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Large-extra-dimension Kaluza-Klein axion dark matter with trapped solar modes", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.13337", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LUX axioelectric context limit constrains g_Ae while the hadronic KK benchmark is photon-coupled; the loop-level mapping from the model's g_agamma and KK spectrum to an effective g_Ae has not been derived, so the direct-detection constraint cannot be applied without recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the loop-induced electron coupling for the hadronic KK modes and recast the LUX (and successor xenon) axioelectric limits onto (g_agamma, m_a_n), documenting where the limit is simply inapplicable.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_15016_lepton_number_scalar_capture_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-number-two ultralight scalar dark matter for neutrinoless double beta capture", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.15016", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The capture calculation in the Bose-Einstein condensate regime is not derived: for the number densities needed for testable rates the free-particle perturbative capture picture breaks down (validity domain flags high extrapolation risk), and the condensate-induced in-medium Majorana mass treatment has not been developed into a controlled rate calculation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the 0nubb rate in the condensate phase by treating the scalar as a classical mean field sourcing an effective in-medium Majorana mass term, matching it onto the standard 0nubb master formula with an effective m_bb(n_phi, g), and establish the crossover criterion between free-capture and condensate regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_12192_mirror_baryon_dirac_leptogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-baryon asymmetric dark matter from Dirac leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.12192", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mirror-sector thermal history is not derived: Tprime/T evolution and the surviving light mirror degrees of freedom under the invoked Yukawa and QCD-scale Z2 breaking are unspecified, so Delta N_eff cannot be computed numerically even though the qualitative constraint direction is clear.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mirror-sector entropy and decoupling history for specified Z2-breaking benchmarks (or an asymmetric-reheating parameterization of Tprime/T), compute Delta N_eff(Tprime/T, mirror light content), and feed it into the standard Planck/BBN N_eff likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_05655_eft_sharp_transition_pbh_v1", "model_name": "EFT single-field sharp-transition PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2302.05655", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card interprets 10^2-10^3 g PBHs as a present-day dark-matter subcomponent, but no evaporation/late-time survival treatment is provided: PBHs at these masses Hawking-evaporate long before today, so the formation-time f in 0.001-0.5 has no derived mapping to present-day abundance or to BBN/CMB evaporation constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Add an evaporation stage to the route using BlackHawk (or equivalent) to evolve the 10^2-10^3 g mass function, derive the surviving abundance and evaporation products, and confront the formation fraction beta(M_PBH) with the standard BBN/CMB/entropy-injection bounds on evaporating PBHs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_0079_heavy_moduli_nonthermal_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-moduli nonthermal LSP dark matter scenario", "family": "nonthermal_supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.0079", "score": 22.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No reusable parameterization exists for the Affleck-Dine Q-ball charge, formation efficiency, and decay yield of LSPs as a function of (M, v, chi_0, phi_0); the paper only reports narrow viable regions from its own scan, so the overproduction/dilution check cannot be re-evaluated for new parameter points.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive (or fit from existing Affleck-Dine lattice results) an analytic Q-ball charge and decay-temperature parameterization on the (M, v, chi_0, phi_0) space and publish it as a lookup table or module feeding the nonthermal yield calculator of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0804_3518_dipolar_dark_matter_gravitational_polarization_v1", "model_name": "Dipolar dark matter from gravitational polarization", "family": "dipolar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0804.3518", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The second-order cosmological perturbation theory of the dipolar medium has never been derived: the dipole moment cannot be absorbed into an effective velocity field at second order, but the resulting stress terms and the predicted CMB non-Gaussian signatures are uncomputed, leaving the model's only distinctive cosmological observable unpredicted.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the second-order dipolar stress-energy perturbations in FLRW (extending the paper's first-order reduction), express the deviation from CDM as a bispectrum/fNL-type template, checking recovery of Lambda-CDM at first order.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_6646_secluded_dm_hidden_cft_v1", "model_name": "Secluded dark matter coupled to a hidden CFT", "family": "secluded_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.6646", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The photon/electron injection spectra and energy-deposition efficiency f for annihilation and late hidden-vector decays cascading through the hidden CFT/KK tower are not derived, so CMB energy-injection and BBN bounds can only be copied from ordinary secluded-WIMP results rather than recast for this model's distributed hidden-sector branchings.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the cascade decay chains through the KK vector tower to SM final states, compute the resulting e+/photon spectra, and feed them into DarkHistory/ExoCLASS for a Planck-era energy-injection likelihood and into standard BBN injection codes for the late-decay bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_10928_adagio_dark_photon_thermal_relic_v1", "model_name": "Adagio dark-photon thermal relic dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.10928", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The required return of the effective Planck mass to its late-time value before BBN is only stated qualitatively; no quantitative radion/extra-dimensional stabilization computation of M_P(T) and T_* exists, so obs_bbn_transition cannot be confronted with light-element data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the radion/extra-dimension evolution giving M_P(T) through the transition, then evaluate light-element abundances with a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) run with the modified expansion history to bound T_* and the transition energy budget.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03166_annihilation_product_direct_detection_dm_v1", "model_name": "Annihilation-product direct-detection dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03166", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model-specific CMB energy-deposition efficiency f_eff for hidden-sector Y final states has not been computed, so the generic f_eff = 0.2-1 benchmarks cannot be mapped onto this model's annihilation channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute f_eff(m_X) with DarkHistory/ExoCLASS for the specified Y decay or scattering channels, then apply the standard Planck annihilation p_ann likelihood to <sigma v>.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03507_hidden_sector_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector self-interacting dark matter with light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03507", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The CMB energy-deposition efficiency f_eff for annihilation to light vector mediators decaying to e+ e- has not been computed for this benchmark, so the Planck energy-injection constraint can only be applied via generic light-force estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute f_eff(m_chi) with DarkHistory/ExoCLASS for the cascade chi chi -> phi phi -> 4e including the exact mediator branching fractions, then apply the Planck p_ann likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1908_00711_hidden_sector_nucleon_compact_star_v1", "model_name": "interacting hidden-sector nucleon compact-star dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.00711", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN mass window (1 MeV < m_pi_h < 0.4 m_f) rests on an assumed hidden-sector temperature equal to the SM bath; no Delta N_eff calculation as a function of the hidden-to-visible temperature ratio has been performed, so the cosmological bound is not quantitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Track hidden-sector entropy through its confinement transition to compute xi = T_h/T_SM and the hidden-pion contribution to Delta N_eff at BBN and CMB epochs, then compare against Planck/BBN Delta N_eff likelihoods to replace the qualitative m_pi_h > 1 MeV requirement.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0407196_interacting_quintessence_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Interacting quintessence cold dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_energy_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0407196", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Existing Planck+RSD interacting-dark-energy constraints are expressed for fluid models with assumed momentum-transfer and sound-speed choices; the mapping from those fluid parameters onto the scalar-model parameters (alpha, beta, Omega_Q0) has not been derived, so published limits cannot be recast onto this model even approximately.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective fluid description (equation of state, sound speed, energy/momentum transfer rates) of the two-scalar system in the tracking and attractor regimes and match it to the fluid interacting-DE parameterization used in the Planck/RSD analysis, giving a translation table for the coupling constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_1175_bolon_coupled_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Bolon coupled dark matter from dilatation anomaly", "family": "coupled_scalar_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1012.1175", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The linear perturbation equations for the coupled cosmon-bolon system in the oscillation-averaged regime (effective fluid with time-dependent bolon mass and late cosmon coupling) are not available in the card's source material, so neither the transfer-function cutoff nor the effective DM-DE coupling can be computed from first principles.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the WKB/time-averaged effective-fluid perturbation equations for the bolon around its partial minimum, including the cosmon coupling lambda and the time-dependent mass m_chi(t), and express the result as an effective sound speed plus an interacting-DE energy-momentum transfer Q usable by standard solvers.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_0103_scale_invariant_hidden_pion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Scale-invariant hidden-sector pion cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0103", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The effective hidden-pion Lagrangian coefficients (pion-singlet-Higgs couplings, sigma_h and H2 masses and widths) are only sketched via QCD-scaled chiral relations; no quantitative matching of the strongly coupled hidden sector onto an effective annihilation and scattering Lagrangian exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the hidden chiral Lagrangian with the singlet messenger spurion explicitly, matching pion masses and couplings to Lambda_h, lambda_k, and lambda_SH at NLO; where sigma_h resonance effects matter, import lattice results for QCD-like SU(N) theories rescaled to the hidden confinement scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09359_mirror_dark_plasma_steady_state_halo_v1", "model_name": "Mirror dark plasma steady-state halo model", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09359", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The microphysics of how ordinary supernova energy is transferred into the dark plasma (the heating kernel entering H(r)) is flagged in the card as uncertain, leaving the normalization of the heating rate assumption-driven rather than derived from the kinetic-mixing parameter.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the epsilon-dependent dark-photon emission from supernova cores and the subsequent absorption/thermalization efficiency in the mirror plasma, producing a heating kernel H(r; epsilon, SN rate) with quantified uncertainty to replace the local-heating-dominance assumption.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_04197_misaligned_axion_chern_simons_condensate_v1", "model_name": "Misaligned axion Chern-Simons condensate model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04197", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The renormalized Chern-Simons condensate is computed only in Minkowski spacetime at leading order in g; no derivation exists of the induced E dot B condensate and photon polarization rotation angle beta(z) in an expanding FRW background with the thermal photon bath redshifting, which is the quantity every CMB observable needs.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the paper's linear-response susceptibility calculation to an FRW background below the EFT cutoff, deriving beta(z) from the oscillating a(t) condensate including the vacuum-subtraction renormalization, and validate against the paper's high-temperature Minkowski limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03313_superheavy_lepton_virtual_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Superheavy lepton dark matter decaying through virtual black holes", "family": "superheavy_decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03313", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The final-state composition and injection spectrum of the virtual-black-hole-mediated L -> 3f decay at M_L ~ 1e12 GeV is not derived; without a specified branching into leptons/neutrinos the electroweak-cascade spectra at Earth cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Fix benchmark final-state assignments (e.g. flavor-democratic 3-lepton states) from the virtual-black-hole quantum-number arguments, then compute the fragmentation and electroweak-shower spectra with HDMSpectra, which is designed for decaying DM up to near-Planck masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_04680_anomalous_u1_le_lmu_ltau_axi_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Anomalous U(1) L_e+L_mu+L_tau axi-Higgs portal fermionic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.04680", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The claimed direct-detection relaxation rests on absent tree-level quark/gluon couplings, but loop-induced or UV-completion-induced DM-quark operators (e.g. through Z prime kinetic mixing or anomalous triangle diagrams) have not been derived, so the null-signal prediction is unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the leading loop-level DM-nucleon effective operators from the Wess-Zumino and Z prime sectors, run them to nuclear scales with DirectDM, and compare the resulting cross section to current LZ/XENONnT limits to bound the size of the relaxation claim.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_04955_z3_semi_annihilating_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z3 semi-annihilating dark matter for global 21-cm cosmology", "family": "semi_annihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.04955", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The energy deposited in the gas is modeled by a single constant fraction f with no spectrum- and redshift-dependent deposition-efficiency calculation for the DM + DM -> DM + SM final states; the card notes a spectrum-dependent calculation could replace this parameterization and no deposition table is included.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute injected SM spectra for representative semi-annihilation final states and process them through DarkHistory (or the Slatyer f_c(z) deposition tables) to replace the constant f with channel-resolved deposition efficiencies into heating, ionization, and excitation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0503052_pati_salam_wino_split_susy_v1", "model_name": "Pati-Salam Goldstino split-SUSY Wino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0503052", "score": 18.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The gluino lifetime in the heavy-scalar Pati-Salam spectrum was never computed, and no implemented BBN/CMB constraint check exists for the long-lived gluino cosmology bound (con_pati_salam_gluino_cosmology, likelihood_available no).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive tau_gluino(M3, m_SUSY) from the standard split-SUSY dimension-six decay operators and feed the resulting hadronic energy injection into an existing BBN energy-injection code to map the excluded (M3, m_SUSY) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_mirrored_neutron_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored neutron dark matter in a visible heavy QCD axion model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 15, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The mirror-hadronic matrix elements of the dimension-six Planck-suppressed B/B'-violating operators that set the n' decay lifetime are neglected in the primary estimate, leaving tau_n' uncertain at the order-of-magnitude level.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the matrix elements by rescaling lattice-QCD nucleon-decay matrix elements to the mirror confinement scale (NDA scaling in f_pi' and m_N'), propagating the result into the tau_n' ~ 1e28 s benchmark formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 43, "rank_structure_formation": 54}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "21-cm signal modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 22, "n_models": 21, "weight": 557.1, "n_models_structure_formation": 4, "weight_structure_formation": 130.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 11, "degrades_precision": 9, "minor": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 5, "medium": 17}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_subcomponent_lmutau_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged dark matter subcomponent with L_mu-L_tau vector depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable statistical likelihood exists for the global 21-cm absorption depth (EDGES-based) applicable to millicharged baryon-cooling models; the card records no combined likelihood for the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a global 21-cm likelihood from the EDGES (and SARAS 3) published band with an explicit foreground/systematics marginalization, exposed as a module consuming the predicted T_21(z) curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_hidden_scalar_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged Dirac dark matter with hidden-scalar depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable statistical likelihood exists for the global 21-cm absorption depth (EDGES-based) applicable to millicharged baryon-cooling models; the card records no combined likelihood for the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a global 21-cm likelihood from the EDGES (and SARAS 3) published band with an explicit foreground/systematics marginalization, exposed as a module consuming the predicted T_21(z) curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_08943_hidden_dark_matter_hidm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden dark matter cosmology (HiDM)", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.08943", "score": 35, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No forward model or likelihood connects HiDM small-halo suppression to the global 21 cm absorption signal; the primary paper flags large astrophysical uncertainties and does not build this likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple HiDM matter power spectra to a seminumeric cosmic-dawn code (21cmFAST-style) with marginalized star-formation parameters to produce global-signal predictions, and compare against EDGES/SARAS-class measurements.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_00010_axion_quark_nugget_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00010", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood or defined data vector exists for the proposed AQN broadband energy-injection signals (diffuse UV, EBL, radio, EDGES-like 21-cm absorption); the card explicitly states these connections are proposed interpretations with no likelihood supplied, so the diffuse-radiation observable cannot be statistically evaluated at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Define per-band data vectors (GALEX diffuse-UV maps, EBL measurements, ARCADE-2/LWA radio monopole, EDGES/SARAS 21-cm) with a forward model combining the AQN flux, an ISM/CGM gas-density model, and the electrosphere emissivity, and build a joint likelihood with the astrophysical foregrounds marginalized.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_06533_poisson_pbh_velocity_floor_v1", "model_name": "Poisson primordial-black-hole dark matter with small-scale velocity floor", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.06533", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No 21 cm or low-redshift accretion likelihood exists that includes the PBH internal velocity floor: the paper argues existing z ~ 20 accretion bounds (21 cm, dwarf-galaxy environments) are too strong when internal velocities are neglected, but no likelihood was rerun and no packaged recast exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a 21 cm global-signal/power-spectrum likelihood for accreting PBHs (interfacing the velocity-averaged injection history with a dark-ages thermal-history code such as 21cmFAST or a global-signal solver, constrained by EDGES/SARAS limits and forecast HERA sensitivity) and re-derive the low-redshift f_PBH bounds with sigma_PBH included.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_05790_oscillon_alp_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Oscillon-forming axion-like fuzzy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.05790", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SKA-era 21 cm anisotropy signature from oscillon Poisson fluctuations has no forecast machinery: no power-spectrum module for the oscillon shot-noise contribution and no associated instrument likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the oscillon Poisson-power term (set by r_osc and the oscillon mass scale k_osc) in a 21 cm power-spectrum code (21cmFAST-class) and build a Fisher/likelihood forecast for SKA-like noise curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1311_2162_bino_wino_coannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Bino-wino co-annihilation dark matter in high-scale SUSY", "family": "supersymmetric_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1311.2162", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for the mixed cold+warm small-scale power suppression at k_fs ~ 10^3-10^4 Mpc^-1; the card explicitly notes no 21 cm likelihood is supplied for the proposed z ~ 30-200 tomography probe.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a high-redshift 21 cm power-spectrum likelihood (or Fisher forecast module) for suppression at k ~ 10^3-10^4 Mpc^-1, parameterized by warm fraction r_warm and free-streaming scale k_fs, usable for this and other mixed cold+warm models.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1803_07048_milliev_scalar_dm_dark_photon_decay_v1", "model_name": "Milli-eV scalar dark matter decaying to dark photons", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.07048", "score": 30.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No global 21 cm likelihood exists that accepts an excess Rayleigh-Jeans radio background of the model's redshift- and frequency-dependent shape: the EDGES-motivated absorption-depth comparison cannot be evaluated beyond order-of-magnitude statements without jointly modeling astrophysical spin-temperature evolution and the injected photon occupation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public global-signal code (ARES or 21cmFAST global-signal mode, which already support excess-radio-background terms) to take the model's converted-photon occupation dn/domega(z) as input, and wrap it with an EDGES-like data likelihood marginalizing over astrophysical spin-temperature parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04742_spinning_pbh_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "Spinning primordial black hole dark matter from early matter domination", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1909.04742", "score": 28.4, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Energy-injection constraints (global 21-cm, gas heating, CMB, gamma-ray, 511-keV) on the spinning low-mass PBH tail exist only as monochromatic-mass exclusion curves in related papers; no public pipeline integrates the model's extended matter-era mass function with spin-dependent Hawking spectra against these data.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple BlackHawk Kerr evaporation spectra to an energy-deposition code (DarkHistory or ExoCLASS) and a global 21-cm/IGM-heating likelihood, with the extended psi(m, a_star) mass function marginalized rather than assumed monochromatic.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_08150_5d_dirac_dark_photon_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Five-dimensional Dirac dark photon fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08150", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented late-time energy-injection likelihood (Planck CMB p_ann and 21 cm) evaluates the velocity- and redshift-dependent sigma_v(v,z) produced by the KK-tower interference, which is exactly the quantity the model tunes to evade s-wave bounds; the card marks likelihood_available no with recasting_needed yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_v(v,z) from the KK-tower amplitude, thermally average over the cosmological velocity distribution, and feed the resulting redshift-dependent injection into ExoCLASS/DarkHistory to confront the Planck p_ann bound and published 21 cm limits per benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_scalar_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal scalar millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for the cosmic-dawn absorption target: the EDGES-motivated fraction/coupling window is recorded only as a qualitative parameter region (likelihood_available: no, recasting_needed: yes), with no statistical treatment of the EDGES amplitude, its contested systematics, or competing non-detections.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a global 21-cm likelihood that marginalizes over foreground/systematic models for the EDGES low-band data (and can incorporate subsequent global-signal measurements), returning a posterior on the excess-cooling amplitude that the baryon-cooling forward model can be scored against instead of the fixed f_DM 0.003-0.02 window.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_08150_5d_majorana_dark_photon_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Five-dimensional Majorana dark photon fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08150", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented late-time energy-injection likelihood (Planck CMB p_ann and 21 cm) evaluates this model's velocity-suppressed late-time annihilation from the axial/p-wave structure and KK interference; the card marks likelihood_available no with recasting_needed yes, so the claimed evasion of s-wave bounds is unverified numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_v(v,z) from the axial KK-tower amplitudes, thermally average over cosmological velocities, and feed the redshift-dependent injection into ExoCLASS/DarkHistory to test benchmarks against the Planck p_ann bound and published 21 cm limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_04955_z3_leptophilic_co_simp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z3 leptophilic Co-SIMP dark matter for global 21-cm cosmology", "family": "co_simp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.04955", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No global 21-cm likelihood exists for this model: the EDGES band is used only as a visual target, no joint EDGES/SARAS 3 likelihood is encoded, and all card constraints have likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a joint EDGES low-band plus SARAS 3 global-21-cm likelihood (e.g. within MontePython or a 21cmMC-style framework) with marginalization over foreground and astrophysical parameters, and apply it to the Co-SIMP T_21(z) predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05716_majoron_scalar_two_step_gravitational_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-step Majoron-scalar gravitational production of fermionic dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05716", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No 21-cm likelihood or emulator exists to test the predicted small-scale suppression of the sub-MeV two-step scenario; the paper proposes cosmic 21-cm observability but the card supplies no data likelihood (con_twostep_warmness has likelihood_available no).", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the CLASS transfer-function output to an existing 21-cm framework (e.g. 21cmFAST-based emulators of the cosmic-dawn signal with suppressed small-scale power) and build a forecast/likelihood module parameterized by the half-mode scale, validated against published WDM 21-cm sensitivity studies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04426_condensed_axion_cooling_v1", "model_name": "Condensed-phase axion/ALP dark-matter cooling scenario", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04426", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public EDGES global-signal likelihood with foreground and systematic marginalization is identified in the card (likelihood_available is unknown/none), so the cooling scenario can only be compared to the absorption trough qualitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a global 21 cm likelihood over the released EDGES band data with polynomial/maximally-smooth foreground marginalization and spin-temperature coupling nuisance parameters, so T_21(z) predictions can be scored quantitatively.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_14996_late_decay_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Late-decay two-component millicharged dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.14996", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No 21 cm global-signal likelihood is attached: the EDGES absorption-depth target is used only as a benchmark, with no foreground-marginalized likelihood and no incorporation of the SARAS 3 non-detection.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a global 21 cm likelihood combining the EDGES flattened-Gaussian absorption measurement with SARAS 3 constraints, marginalizing over astrophysical spin-temperature coupling parameters using an ARES or 21cmFAST-based global-signal emulator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_04492_dark_atoms_millicharged_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Dark atoms with massive dark photon and millicharged subcomponent", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.04492", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public combined likelihood exists for a percent-level millicharged subcomponent with a massive dark photon: CMB DM-baryon scattering limits and cosmic-dawn 21-cm cooling predictions both require a dedicated fractional-subcomponent recast that the card notes is unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend the fractional interacting-DM branch of CLASS (dmeff-type Coulomb v^-4 scattering) to take f_e from the dark-recombination solver, run it against the Planck likelihood in MontePython/Cobaya, and couple the same scattering term to a global 21-cm code (e.g. a Zeus21/21cmFAST baryon-cooling module) for the cosmic-dawn signal.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2211_10359_heavy_dark_baryon_hidden_mssm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy dark baryons in a hidden MSSM-like sector", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2211.10359", "score": 19.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood analysis exists for the model's specific signature of jointly uncorrelated baryon plus dark-matter isocurvature; the constraint is applied only via the quoted Planck matter-isocurvature bound, which was derived for standard single-mode CDI templates.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a Planck (and forecast CMB-S4/21-cm) likelihood analysis with CLASS/CAMB in Cobaya or MontePython, sampling the two uncorrelated baryon and CDM isocurvature amplitudes and tilts predicted by the AD phase spectra, to replace the quoted benchmark bound with a proper posterior on (H_I, m_phase/H_I, M).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_06680_elder_self_interacting_21cm_dm_v1", "model_name": "ELDER self-interacting dark matter with 21-cm heating and cooling", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.06680", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No global 21-cm likelihood exists for the T_21 target: the constraint is the raw EDGES interval T_21 = -500 +200/-500 mK at z=17.2 with no marginalization over foregrounds or astrophysical spin-temperature modeling, and competing measurements (SARAS 3) are not incorporated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a global-signal likelihood that jointly treats EDGES and SARAS 3 data with foreground and Ly-alpha coupling nuisance parameters, exposing T_21(z) as the model input so ELDER coupling posteriors replace the fixed-interval target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_06680_elder_self_interacting_21cm_dm_v1", "model_name": "ELDER self-interacting dark matter with 21-cm heating and cooling", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.06680", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB consistency recast is implemented for the ELDER parameter region: Planck limits on sigma = sigma0 v^-4 DM-baryon scattering with a sub-unity interacting fraction have not been mapped onto the mass and coupling range targeted by the 21-cm fit.", "proposed_resolution": "Run an existing CLASS extension for velocity-dependent DM-baryon scattering (Boddy-Gluscevic-type implementation with fractional interacting DM) against the Planck likelihood over the 10-100 MeV ELDER mass range and intersect with the EDGES-preferred coupling region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_04955_z3_semi_annihilating_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z3 semi-annihilating dark matter for global 21-cm cosmology", "family": "semi_annihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.04955", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No global 21-cm likelihood is available for the SADM scenario: the EDGES trough is used as a visual target, no joint EDGES/SARAS 3 likelihood is encoded, and no Dark Ages instrument forecast for LuSEE Night/DAPPER/PRATUSH exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode a joint EDGES/SARAS 3 global-21-cm likelihood with astrophysical and radio-background nuisance parameters, and build Fisher/mock forecasts for Dark Ages instruments over z~50-100 to quantify the f-dependent second-trough discriminating power.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06611_millicharged_dirac_neutrino_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Subcomponent millicharged Dirac dark matter with neutrino annihilation", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06611", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No joint likelihood exists over (m_chi, epsilon, f_chi, sigma_v_nu) combining Planck bounds on the baryon-scattering DM fraction, N_eff/BBN constraints, and 21 cm global-signal data (EDGES amplitude, SARAS3 non-detection), so the viable 21 cm motivated corner cannot be statistically delimited.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a joint likelihood: Planck DM-baryon scattering fraction limits, a Planck N_eff/BBN term (PRIMAT-based), and a global-signal term built from published EDGES/SARAS3 analyses, wired to the forward-model outputs of the freeze-out and cooling modules.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 44, "rank_structure_formation": 57}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Self-interacting DM halo modeling", "n_gaps": 22, "n_models": 22, "weight": 556.9, "n_models_structure_formation": 15, "weight_structure_formation": 380.9, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 5, "degrades_precision": 16, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1, "medium": 18, "small": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "1910_10160_conformal_freeze_in_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in quark-portal dark matter", "family": "conformal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.10160", "score": 39.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No curated likelihood or structured bound compilation exists for cluster-scale self-interaction (sigma_self/m_DM) to test the PGB self-scattering estimate; the card records only externally cited merger bounds requiring compilation.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile published cluster-merger and halo-shape sigma/m limits into a reusable likelihood module and apply it to the parametric PGB cross section as a function of epsilon and Lambda_gap.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_real_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood implementations exist for the model's key constraints: cluster/Bullet-Cluster self-interaction bounds and sub-GeV exothermic down-scattering in low-threshold detectors are only recast by hand (likelihood_available: no/partial), and the exothermic recoil spectrum with splitting-set energy deposition and surviving fraction R_0 has no public detector-response implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Add an inelastic (exothermic) kinematics mode with excited-fraction weighting to a sub-GeV scattering package such as DarkELF or QEdark and wrap published cluster sigma/m limits and sub-GeV detector exclusions as reusable likelihood modules keyed to (epsilon, m_V, Delta m, R_0, m).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_07659_decoupled_real_scalar_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Decoupled self-interacting real scalar dark matter", "family": "real_scalar_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.07659", "score": 33.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction constraint is applied only as the coarse Bullet Cluster criterion sigma/m < 1 cm^2/g; no halo-shape, cluster-merger, or velocity-dependent SIDM likelihood is available for this contact-interaction scalar (likelihood_available: no on all card constraints).", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt published SIDM cluster and halo-shape posteriors (velocity-independent limit, since the quartic contact cross section is velocity-flat at these scales) and package them as a reusable likelihood on sigma/m evaluated from lambda and m.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_10160_conformal_freeze_in_higgs_portal_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "conformal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.10160", "score": 31.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No curated likelihood or exclusion compilation for cluster-scale dark-matter self-interaction (sigma_self/m_DM) is available to compare the PGB self-scattering estimate against; the card records only externally cited merger bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile published cluster-merger and halo-shape sigma/m limits into a reusable bound-with-uncertainty likelihood module and apply it to the parametric PGB cross section as a function of epsilon and Lambda_gap.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_14300_sterile_neutrino_self_interaction_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter via scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.14300", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The N_eff/BBN/CMB bound on the neutrinophilic mediator window is only qualitative in the card: no dedicated cosmological likelihood maps (m_phi, lambda) for this scalar-mediated neutrino self-interaction onto Planck/BBN data, so the intermediate-mediator evasion claim cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the mediator's thermalization and Delta N_eff contribution across the mediator mass range and run a CLASS/MontePython (or CAMB/Cobaya) self-interacting-neutrino analysis to produce (m_phi, lambda) exclusion contours against Planck and BBN data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_06243_hidden_vector_coherent_oscillation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden vector coherent oscillation dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.06243", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged black-hole-spin superradiance likelihood or exclusion table is set up for this hidden vector over the 10^-20 to 10^-11 eV mass window; existing vector-superradiance constraints must be recast against a curated spin-measurement catalog, and hidden-sector interactions that could quench the instability are not modeled.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published ultralight-vector superradiance spin-down exclusions (e.g. from the SuperRad/superradiance-rate literature) against a maintained catalog of stellar and supermassive black-hole spin measurements, packaging the result as a mass-dependent exclusion likelihood and including a switch for self-interaction quenching.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_17157_light_vector_simp_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Light-vector-meson dark pion SIMP model", "family": "strongly_interacting_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.17157", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Bullet Cluster self-interaction comparison is a single-number pass/fail against ~2 cm^2/g with no merging-cluster likelihood or velocity-dependence treatment, so the claimed relief of self-interaction tension carries no quantified confidence.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the chiral-EFT dark-pion self-scattering cross section (with its velocity dependence) into an existing SIDM cluster-merger and halo-shape likelihood framework instead of the single Bullet Cluster threshold value.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_05561_comprehensive_asymmetric_mirror_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Comprehensive asymmetric mirror dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.05561", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged likelihood pipeline exists to confront the model's Delta N_eff and sigma/m predictions with data; the BBN/CMB bound and the 0.7-2.0 cm^2/g cluster/ellipticity bounds are recorded only as quoted numbers requiring recasting.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the mirror thermal history in a CLASS/CAMB N_eff parameterization evaluated against the public Planck likelihood, and package the published cluster-merger and halo-shape SIDM constraints as a velocity-binned likelihood on sigma/m.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_04582_melting_domain_wall_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Melting-domain-wall ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04582", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The superradiance test of the ultralight scalar mass window is only qualitative: no recast of black-hole spin measurements or boson-cloud GW searches onto this model's M_phi range (with its production-mode dependence) has been performed, and no exclusion curve or likelihood is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the model's M_phi window (for each production mode) onto published scalar-superradiance exclusion regions from black-hole spin catalogs using an existing superradiance rate solver, and encode the result as a simple mass-window likelihood, checking that the quartic self-interaction lambda_phi ~ 1e-72 does not quench cloud growth.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_09907_scalar_secret_neutrino_sterile_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-mediated secret-neutrino sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.09907", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged joint likelihood exists for the model's constraint set: X-ray line limits on sin^2(2theta) as a function of m_4, Planck/BBN Delta N_eff bounds applied to the coupled phi-neutrino thermal history, and laboratory meson-decay/DUNE bounds on (m_phi, lambda_phi); the card lists all three as likelihood_available: partial with recasting needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a recast module combining digitized X-ray decay-line limits (NuSTAR/XMM/Chandra compilations), a Planck Neff likelihood evaluated through CLASS/MontePython for the phi-modified radiation history, and published meson-decay and projected DUNE neutrino self-interaction bounds, exposed as a joint likelihood over (m_4, sin^2 2theta, m_phi, lambda_phi).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_01962_dark_z_fermionic_dm_extra_higgs_doublet_v1", "model_name": "Dark-Z-mediated fermionic dark matter with an extra Higgs doublet", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.01962", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The combined constraint set (CRESST III, XENON1T, XENONnT, DarkSide-50, LZ limits plus the sigma/m < 1 cm^2/g self-interaction bound) is applied only as digitized exclusion curves in the paper; no joint likelihood exists for scanning this model's parameter space quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published sub-GeV direct-detection likelihoods (DDCalc or public limit tables for CRESST-III, DarkSide-50, XENONnT, LZ) and a dark-Z-exchange self-interaction cross-section calculator into a joint scan pipeline coupled to the micrOMEGAs model of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_6229_unbroken_u1x_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Unbroken local U(1)_X scalar dark matter model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.6229", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated likelihood exists for long-range dark-Coulomb self-interactions from the massless dark photon: the alpha_X bound is a rough analytic estimate against a single 35 cm^2/g benchmark, and standard SIDM halo-shape/cluster analyses (and simulations) are calibrated for contact or Yukawa-screened scattering, not an unscreened 1/v^4 Coulomb cross section with strong forward enhancement.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body/hydro halo simulations with velocity-dependent dark-Coulomb momentum-transfer scattering (including Debye-screening by the dark plasma) for representative alpha_X and m_DM, then build a halo-ellipticity and merging-cluster likelihood on sigma_T/m_DM(v) that the analytic transfer-cross-section step can feed.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_04463_self_interacting_scalar_field_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting scalar field dark matter soliton model", "family": "self_interacting_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.04463", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No proper SPARC rotation-curve likelihood exists for self-interacting SFDM solitons: the paper's DM-only analysis fixes the disk mass-to-light ratio, omits the NFW envelope fit, and replaces statistics with overshoot and factor-of-two peak-velocity criteria.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a rotation-curve likelihood that fits soliton-plus-outer-halo models to the full SPARC sample with free mass-to-light ratios and distance/inclination nuisance parameters, following standard SPARC Bayesian fitting practice, and scan (m, lambda) rather than fixing m = 1e-22 eV.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2101_08117_quartic_superfluid_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quartic self-interacting superfluid scalar dark matter with core fragmentation", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.08117", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or reusable recast framework exists for cluster self-interaction bounds with degeneracy-enhanced scattering rates; the current exclusion is only a figure-level overlay whose validity depends on the unknown gas-like versus soliton-fragment fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a quantitative recast of merging-cluster (Bullet-like) SIDM constraints that multiplies the classical scattering rate by the Bose-enhancement factor as a function of (m, sigma/m, degenerate fraction), and release it as a likelihood module compatible with existing SIDM cluster-constraint pipelines.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_02117_phase_transition_asymmetric_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generative-sector first-order phase-transition asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02117", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The companion-sector constraints (Delta N_eff from unbroken U(1)_D photons, Z-prime collider limits, mediator-exchange direct detection, and self-interaction bounds) exist only as separate analytic estimates; no combined likelihood evaluates them over the same parameter space that yields observable GW signals, and the contact-limit recoil estimate breaks down for light mediators.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble a joint likelihood: Planck N_eff via a CLASS run with the dark-photon temperature ratio, LHC dilepton recasts for the Z-prime_B-L, a DDCalc-style direct-detection likelihood including the long-range regime for light M_D, and SIDM halo bounds on the U(1)_D self-interaction cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2302_10286_two_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists for any of the proposed probes: the card records likelihood_available: no for both constraints, no EHT/lensing/GW likelihood applied, and no rerun cluster self-interaction likelihood for the Bullet Cluster bound on (a, m).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap published EHT shadow-size posteriors and GW upper limits into a likelihood over (m, a, rho_0, M_BH), and encode the Bullet Cluster sigma/m bound as a prior including the degenerate-scattering caveat noted by the source.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2112_12264_cointeracting_conformal_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Co-interacting conformal two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.12264", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cluster or halo-scale likelihood exists for the subcomponent, velocity-dependent self-interaction recast: published cluster-lensing and merger bounds (e.g. sigma/m < 0.065 cm^2/g) assume single-component constant-cross-section SIDM, and the card records likelihood_available: no for the cluster constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published cluster-merger and cluster-lensing SIDM analyses into a likelihood parameterized by (f_subcomponent, sigma/m(v)), using the gap_2 simulation outputs to map co-interaction parameters onto the observables those analyses actually bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_right_handed_neutrino_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented joint likelihood combines the Delta N_eff bound (CMB+BAO/BBN) with the sigma/m < 0.1 cm^2/g self-interaction criterion for the condensate parameters; the route's likelihood step has never been run and the self-interaction bound is only quoted, not recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the gap-equation outputs in a small driver that maps (m_nuR, y_nu, mu, T_creation) to (Delta N_eff, sigma_self/m) and evaluate against the public Planck+BAO Delta N_eff posterior (via cobaya/MontePython) together with a recast astrophysical self-interaction bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_vector_like_quark_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like quark color-superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented likelihood combines the Delta N_eff bound (CMB+BAO/BBN) with the sigma/m < 0.1 cm^2/g self-interaction criterion for the condensate parameters; the card records likelihood_available partial/no and no likelihood step was run.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a driver mapping (m_VLQ, mu, alpha_s, T_creation) to (Delta N_eff, sigma_self/m) via the gap equation and evaluate against the public Planck+BAO Delta N_eff posterior (cobaya/MontePython) plus a recast astrophysical self-interaction bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0103340_phion_self_interacting_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Phion self-interacting scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0103340", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The halo-scale target is only the original 1 kpc - 1 Mpc mean-free-path interval: no calibrated SIDM structure likelihood (halo shapes, cluster mergers, rotation-curve diversity) has been applied to the phion's essentially velocity-independent quartic self-scattering cross section.", "proposed_resolution": "Map (m_phi, g) to sigma/m and confront it with existing SIDM constraints calibrated on constant-cross-section N-body simulations (cluster sigma/m < ~1 cm^2/g bounds, Bullet Cluster, halo-shape analyses), packaging the comparison as a simple sigma/m likelihood over the phion parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_04375_reshuffled_simp_model_a_v1", "model_name": "Reshuffled SIMP Model A", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04375", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or calibrated recast exists to confront the fraction-weighted two-component self-interaction cross section sigma_self/m_DM with cluster observations; the Bullet Cluster and Abell 3827 bounds are cited only qualitatively and existing SIDM constraints assume a single component.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective single-fluid sigma/m for the reshuffled X/N mixture as a function of component fractions and map it onto published cluster SIDM constraints (Bullet Cluster, merging-cluster offsets), packaging the comparison as a simple likelihood over (m_X, Delta m/m, Lambda); assess where the multi-component nature requires dedicated two-component SIDM simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2107_04375_reshuffled_simp_model_b_v1", "model_name": "Reshuffled SIMP Model B", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.04375", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public likelihood exists for confronting the fraction-weighted multi-component self-interaction cross section sigma_self/m_DM with cluster observations (Bullet Cluster, Abell 3827); the card marks the cluster constraint likelihood as unknown and recasting as required, with the paper deferring to future observations and simulations.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a recast likelihood mapping the component-fraction-weighted sigma_self/m_DM onto published Bullet Cluster and Abell 3827 merging-cluster bounds, extended to multi-component dark matter where each component scatters with its own cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 45, "rank_structure_formation": 30}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Dwarf-galaxy dynamics & density profiles", "n_gaps": 21, "n_models": 21, "weight": 550.4, "n_models_structure_formation": 14, "weight_structure_formation": 385.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 12, "degrades_precision": 7, "blocks_all_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"small": 7, "medium": 12, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_pseudo_dirac_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-Dirac split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculator exists for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section of a split pseudo-Dirac pair scattering through an off-diagonal dark-photon coupling, including inelastic 11-to-22 thresholds, exothermic 22-to-11 down-scattering, excited-state population weighting, and beyond-Born (partial-wave) effects needed to compare dwarf and cluster velocities.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing SIDM partial-wave/Hulthen-approximation code to the two-state coupled-channel Schrodinger problem with mass splitting Delta m and off-diagonal potential, and tabulate population-weighted sigma_T/m versus velocity for dwarf, Milky Way, and cluster regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_04906_split_simp_real_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar split SIMP dark matter", "family": "split_simp_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04906", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public velocity-dependent SIDM cross-section calculator includes the inelastic 12->12 and 11->22 channels with mass-splitting thresholds and an excited-state population weight, which are required to map (Delta m, R_0, m_V, g_V) to effective sigma/m at dwarf and cluster velocities.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement and release a coupled-channel Schroedinger solver for the two-state dark-photon potential (as in the inelastic-SIDM literature), returning population-averaged transfer cross sections versus velocity, and validate against the Born and classical limits used in the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_07354_asymmetric_condensed_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric condensed dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_bose_einstein_condensed_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.07354", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Boltzmann-code setup exists for the model's mixed phase space: a cold zero-mode condensate (masses down to ~1e-12 eV where wave effects may matter) coexisting with a relativistically decoupled hot boson cloud carrying a chemical potential; the transfer-function step s3 that quantifies the dwarf-erasure bound is therefore unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement in CLASS a two-component setup: the condensate as CDM (or an axionCAMB-style fluid for the lightest masses) plus an ncdm species with the Bose-Einstein distribution at T_d including the chemical potential, parameterized by (m, q, T_d).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03554_two_real_singlet_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-real-singlet self-interacting scalar dark matter model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03554", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No solver is identified for the velocity-dependent self-scattering cross section sigma/m(v) across Born, classical, and resonant regimes, which is required for a light ~20 MeV scalar mediator where perturbative formulas can fail.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a partial-wave Schrodinger solver for the attractive Yukawa potential generated by the light singlet mediator (following standard SIDM transfer-cross-section treatments), tabulate sigma_T/m over the dwarf-to-cluster velocity range 10-1000 km/s, and verify the paper's target of ~1 cm^2/g at dwarf velocities falling below 0.1 cm^2/g at cluster velocities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_01238_stable_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Stable scalar mediator self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.01238", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged numerical solver is available for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T(v)/m_chi in the nonperturbative attractive (and Majorana-basis repulsive) Yukawa regime with an MeV-scale stable mediator, which is precisely the regime needed for dwarf-scale 0.1-10 cm^2/g values.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a partial-wave Schrodinger solver for the S-mediated Yukawa potential (cross-checked against Hulthen and classical-regime approximations) covering dwarf (~30 km/s) to cluster (~1000 km/s) velocities, and tabulate sigma_T(v)/m over the m_chi, m_S, g_Y space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02904_lepton_portal_freeze_in_scalar_hierarchical_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal freeze-in scalar with hierarchical lepton couplings", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02904", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public stellar-energy-loss calculator exists for the keV lepton-portal scalar with hierarchical couplings: photon inverse decay, Primakoff, and Bremsstrahlung production in white dwarfs, red giants, and the Sun must be integrated over stellar profiles, with careful treatment when m_phi is comparable to stellar temperatures.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the thermal emission rates for the mu/tau-dominated coupling texture including Boltzmann suppression near keV masses, integrate them over standard stellar models (e.g. MESA white-dwarf and red-giant profiles), and release the calculator in the style of existing axion stellar-loss codes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_04071_mirror_star_mirror_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star-forming mirror baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04071", "score": 31.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented Gaia catalog-search pipeline exists for the predicted faint, hot, underluminous HR-diagram outliers, including selection function, completeness, and rejection of white-dwarf and astrophysical impostors, together with per-candidate X-ray follow-up sensitivity calculations.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a pipeline on the Gaia archive (astroquery) that selects parallax-confirmed underluminous hot sources against the white-dwarf cooling sequence, models contaminants and completeness, and couples the candidate list to Chandra/XMM exposure calculators for the predicted core-temperature X-ray component.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14981_dark_cluster_microhalo_clumps_v1", "model_name": "Dark cluster microhalo clumps", "family": "clumped_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14981", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code implements dark-cluster transit heating in compact stars: overburden stopping, energy deposition within the white-dwarf/neutron-star trigger volume as a function of (M, R, sigma_T/m_chi), and the resulting ignition probability.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's clump-transit heating and ignition-criterion equations (trigger-length thresholds from Timmes-Woosley-type ignition conditions) as an open-source module taking (M, R, f_chi, sigma_T/m_chi) and tabulated WD/NS profiles, validated against the published Planck-mass to asteroid-mass excluded region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_7945_symmetric_vector_z_mixing_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric vector-mediator SIDM with Z-boson mass mixing", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.7945", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No regime-aware calculator of the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m_X(v) for this model's Yukawa self-scattering covering the classical, resonant, and Born regimes for both the repulsive X-X/anti-X-anti-X and attractive X-anti-X channels of the symmetric benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a partial-wave Schroedinger solver for the attractive and repulsive Yukawa potentials (Tulin-Yu-Zurek-style parameterization in alpha_X, m_X, m_phi, v), with analytic Born/classical limits stitched in, and average over dwarf and cluster velocity distributions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1404_6127_global_u1_pseudo_dirac_dm_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Global-U(1) pseudo-Dirac dark matter with Goldstone dark radiation", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1404.6127", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scalar-mediated Yukawa self-scattering sigma_T/m_chi (target 0.1-1 cm^2/g at 10 km/s while evading cluster bounds) requires a nonperturbative/resonant partial-wave treatment in parts of parameter space, for which no calculator is identified on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_T(v) on a (m_chi, m_rho, alpha_d) grid with a numerical partial-wave Yukawa solver (extending public Hulthen-approximation/partial-wave codes into the resonant regime) and tabulate results at dwarf and cluster velocities for the cluster-bound check.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_prime_vector_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A': Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light vector mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver on the card computes the velocity-dependent A-prime-mediated transfer cross section sigma_T/m_DM(v) across the Born, classical, and resonant regimes; analytic formulae cover only the nonresonant regimes, so the dwarf-to-cluster velocity dependence central to this SIDM model cannot be evaluated over the full (m_DM, m_med, alpha_D) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement (or adopt and validate) a numerical partial-wave Schroedinger solver for the attractive/repulsive Yukawa potential, stitch it to the Born and classical analytic limits, and release velocity-averaged sigma_T tables over the model's parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_a_scalar_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model A: Dirac self-interacting dark matter with a light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged calculator for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m(v) of the attractive Yukawa potential from light scalar phi exchange that consistently spans the Born, classical, and resonant regimes; the resonant regime needs a numerical partial-wave Schroedinger solution, so quoted 0.1-10 cm^2/g targets cannot be mapped precisely onto (m_DM, m_med, y_phi).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published partial-wave solver and fitting functions for attractive Yukawa scattering (Tulin-Yu-type regime matching plus Hulthen resonant approximation) into a registry-level sigma_T/m(v) module taking (m_DM, m_med, dark coupling) and returning dwarf-to-cluster velocity averages.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_prime_vector_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B': vector-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged calculator for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m(v) of A'-mediated self-scattering that spans the Born, classical, and resonant regimes and averages the attractive (chi chi-bar) and repulsive (chi chi) channels of Dirac dark matter; without it the 0.1-10 cm^2/g targets cannot be mapped precisely onto (m_DM, m_med, g').", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published partial-wave solver and fitting functions for attractive plus repulsive Yukawa scattering (Tulin-Yu-type regime matching with channel averaging for Dirac DM) into a registry-level sigma_T/m(v) module returning dwarf-to-cluster velocity averages.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_b_scalar_mediator_extra_scalar_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model B: scalar-mediator SIDM with an extra scalar annihilation channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged calculator for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m(v) of the attractive Yukawa potential from light scalar phi exchange that consistently spans the Born, classical, and resonant regimes; the resonant regime needs a numerical partial-wave Schroedinger solution, so quoted 0.1-10 cm^2/g targets cannot be mapped precisely onto (m_DM, m_med, y_phi).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published partial-wave solver and fitting functions for attractive Yukawa scattering (Tulin-Yu-type regime matching plus Hulthen resonant approximation) into a registry-level sigma_T/m(v) module taking (m_DM, m_med, dark coupling) and returning dwarf-to-cluster velocity averages.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_c_pwave_scalar_mediator_decay_chain_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model C: p-wave scalar-mediator SIDM with scalar mediator-decay channel", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged calculator for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m(v) of the attractive Yukawa potential from light scalar phi exchange that consistently spans the Born, classical, and resonant regimes; the resonant regime needs a numerical partial-wave Schroedinger solution, so quoted 0.1-10 cm^2/g targets cannot be mapped precisely onto (m_DM, m_med, y_phi).", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published partial-wave solver and fitting functions for attractive Yukawa scattering (Tulin-Yu-type regime matching plus Hulthen resonant approximation) into a registry-level sigma_T/m(v) module taking (m_DM, m_med, dark coupling) and returning dwarf-to-cluster velocity averages.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1912_11708_model_d_stable_vector_mediator_scalar_annihilation_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Model D: stable vector-mediator SIDM with scalar annihilation outlet", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.11708", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No packaged calculator for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section sigma_T/m(v) of A'-mediated self-scattering that spans the Born, classical, and resonant regimes and averages the attractive (chi chi-bar) and repulsive (chi chi) channels of Dirac dark matter; without it the 0.1-10 cm^2/g targets cannot be mapped precisely onto (m_DM, m_med, g').", "proposed_resolution": "Wrap the published partial-wave solver and fitting functions for attractive plus repulsive Yukawa scattering (Tulin-Yu-type regime matching with channel averaging for Dirac DM) into a registry-level sigma_T/m(v) module returning dwarf-to-cluster velocity averages.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_05676_lsidm_vectorlike_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Light Self-Interacting Dark Matter (LSIDM) model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05676", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation exists for the velocity-dependent N self-scattering cross section through the MeV-scale Z': the resonant/classical light-mediator regimes require partial-wave or Hulthen-approximation solutions of the Yukawa scattering problem to map (m_N, m_Zprime, g_D) onto sigma_T/m at dwarf through cluster velocities.", "proposed_resolution": "Code the standard Tulin-Yu partial-wave solver (with Hulthen analytic approximation for the s-wave resonant regime) for the attractive/repulsive Yukawa potential set by g_D and m_Zprime, outputting velocity-averaged sigma_T/m on dwarf, LSB, and cluster velocity grids.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_12094_strangelet_macro_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmological strangelet macro dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_strange_quark_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12094", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No stellar capture calculator exists for nuclear-density strangelets: capture rates on main-sequence stars, white dwarfs, and neutron stars, and the subsequent conversion/heating phenomenology, have not been implemented for an extended strangelet mass distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing compact-object DM capture-rate formalisms (geometric cross-section limit with gravitational focusing, as used in PBH/macro capture literature) into a calculator taking dn/dM, an NFW halo density and velocity distribution, and stellar targets, outputting capture and conversion rates per stellar population.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_11993_heavy_adm_higgs_portal_wd_ignition_v1", "model_name": "Heavy asymmetric fermion dark matter with Higgs-mixed scalar portal white-dwarf ignition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.11993", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No implemented forward-model pipeline maps (m_X, sigma_nX, lambda_X, m_phi, theta_h, a) to white-dwarf capture, thermalization, collapse, and Type Ia ignition predictions: the paper's capture/collapse timescales are analytic estimates, the card lists no associated code, and the sole route is a placeholder data transform with no physics steps.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a compact-object capture code for super-heavy DM (extending the Bramante-style multi-scatter capture formalism used for neutron stars/white dwarfs, e.g. building on the Asteria capture framework) that computes capture rate, thermalization time, self-gravitating collapse threshold, and ignition energy deposition as functions of m_X in 10^6-10^16 GeV, sigma_nX, and white-dwarf mass, for the Higgs-mixed scalar mediator cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_11993_heavy_adm_vector_portal_wd_ignition_v1", "model_name": "Heavy asymmetric fermion dark matter with vector portal white-dwarf ignition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.11993", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No implemented forward-model pipeline maps (m_X, sigma_nX, alpha_X, m_V, epsilon, xi) to white-dwarf capture, thermalization, collapse, and Type Ia ignition predictions for this dark-photon-mediated model: the paper's capture/collapse timescales are analytic estimates, the card lists no associated code, and the sole route is a placeholder data transform with no physics steps.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a compact-object capture code for super-heavy DM (extending the Bramante-style multi-scatter capture formalism, e.g. building on the Asteria capture framework) computing capture rate, thermalization time, self-gravitating collapse threshold, and ignition energy deposition versus m_X in 10^6-10^16 GeV and sigma_nX, including the in-medium screening of the ultralight (m_V ~ 1e-12 eV) kinetically mixed dark photon in white-dwarf matter, which modifies the effective nucleon/electron cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14981_long_range_dark_nuggets_v1", "model_name": "Long-range dark nuggets", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14981", "score": 16.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code evaluates the compact-star ignition criterion for long-range Yukawa dark nuggets: converting the Yukawa potential energy and assumed short-range scattering into heat deposited within the white-dwarf/neutron-star trigger volume as a function of (M_X, R_X, alpha_y, mu).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's transit-heating and trigger-length ignition conditions as an open module coupling the analytic Yukawa focusing/potential formulas to tabulated WD/NS structure profiles, validated by reproducing the published forty-decade excluded mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 46, "rank_structure_formation": 29}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Dwarf-galaxy dynamics & density profiles", "n_gaps": 19, "n_models": 19, "weight": 509.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 18, "weight_structure_formation": 484.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 10, "degrades_precision": 9}, "effort_counts": {"large": 17, "major_program": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2006_16139_late_decay_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting dark matter from late pseudo-WIMP decays", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16139", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological SIDM simulations exist with late-decay initial conditions, so the claimed dwarf-scale improvements and ultra-SIDM SMBH-seeding effects of dark matter produced by Gyr-scale decays are not calibrated against any halo-structure prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Run velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations (Yukawa cross section from m_A, g, m_chi) that start from decaying-CDM initial conditions with the appropriate tau_S and kick velocity, and calibrate a halo-profile model for the SIDM and uSIDM regimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_10360_higgs_portal_self_interacting_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal self-interacting freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.10360", "score": 33.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The model's central prediction — velocity-dependent self-interactions solving small-scale-structure tensions — is not simulation-calibrated (simulation_calibrated: no): no SIDM structure-formation simulation or calibrated halo model exists for this specific classical-regime cross section (alpha_D 0.1-0.9, m_Y 2-7 MeV, m_X 60-500 GeV), so quantitative core-size, profile, and subhalo predictions are unavailable.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological zoom-in SIDM N-body simulations (e.g. with the SIDM modules of GIZMO or Arepo) sampling the classical-regime sigma_T(v)/m curves of this model, or calibrate the existing isothermal-Jeans/gravothermal halo models to this velocity dependence to produce testable density-profile predictions from dwarf to cluster scales.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_06341_mirror_twin_higgs_reheaton_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror Twin Higgs reheaton baryogenesis atomic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.06341", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No hydrodynamic simulations exist for a dissipative twin-atomic subcomponent at f_aDM up to about 0.2 with this model's dark cooling parameters, so dark-disk formation, dissipative collapse, and dwarf-galaxy morphology predictions cannot be computed and the self-interaction constraint has no likelihood (likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Run zoom-in galaxy-formation simulations including a dissipative dark-atom fluid with dark Coulomb cooling (extending existing dissipative-DM simulation frameworks), scanning f_aDM and the dark fine-structure/binding-energy parameters, and derive dark-disk and dwarf-kinematics constraints as a recastable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1209_5752_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter model", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.5752", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No N-body/hydrodynamic simulations with velocity-dependent atomic self-interactions (atom-atom, ion-atom) exist to calibrate the halo-ellipticity and collisionality constraint, which the card flags as approximate and possibly overstated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run SIDM-style N-body simulations (e.g., extending existing velocity-dependent SIDM implementations in Arepo/Gadget) with the atomic momentum-transfer cross section sigma_T(v) including its resonant low-velocity structure and partial ionization, and recalibrate halo-shape and dwarf-to-cluster collisionality bounds against them.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_07882_super_resonant_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Super-Resonant Dark Matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.07882", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from the sharply peaked resonant sigma/m(v) to actual halo density profiles is not simulation-calibrated (card: simulation_calibrated unknown); existing SIDM N-body calibrations assume smooth velocity dependence, not a narrow s-channel resonance at halo velocities.", "proposed_resolution": "Run SIDM N-body simulations (e.g. with the Arepo or GIZMO SIDM modules) using the model's resonant velocity-dependent cross section for representative dwarf, LSB, and cluster halos to calibrate the cross-section-to-profile mapping used in the halo comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m1_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M1", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The dwarf-galaxy core/too-big-to-fail response to the S-mediated F self-interactions is not simulation-calibrated (simulation_calibrated: no); sigma/m is not even quoted as a likelihood-ready value, so the self-interaction observable cannot be confronted with dwarf data.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the velocity-dependent self-scattering cross section from the F-F-S coupling, then run SIDM N-body zoom simulations (or apply calibrated isothermal-Jeans halo modeling) combining the interaction cutoff initial conditions with sigma/m(v) to predict dwarf core sizes and subhalo central densities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1710_09846_neutrinophilic_singlet_ds_m2_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic singlet dark matter DS_M2", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.09846", "score": 29.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated prediction or likelihood exists for the dwarf-galaxy core response of the S-mediated F self-interactions; the card gives only a model-building-level sigma/m scale with simulation_calibrated: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Run SIDM N-body/hydro halo-response simulations (or apply calibrated SIDM halo models such as isothermal-Jeans fits) for the velocity-dependent sigma/m(v) predicted by the light-scalar-mediated self-interaction, and couple them to existing dwarf rotation-curve/dispersion likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1012_0067_z4_late_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z4 late-decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0067", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from recoil-kick parameters to nonlinear halo response (cusp softening, halo expansion, subhalo disruption) is only partially simulation-calibrated (simulation_calibrated: partial), and no dedicated N-body suite covers the Z4 benchmark regime of epsilon ~ 1e-5 kicks with Gyr lifetimes.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a grid of cosmological zoom N-body simulations with late two-body decays parameterized by (v_kick, tau), covering the dwarf and Milky Way subhalo scales, and fit calibrated halo-profile and subhalo-survival response functions usable in the likelihood of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1208_4376_density_dependent_interactions_v1", "model_name": "Chameleon-controlled density-dependent dark matter interactions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.4376", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No structure-formation simulations or halo-shape/core likelihood exist for a self-interaction cross section that depends on both velocity and ambient density through the chameleon field; constant-cross-section SIDM bounds (sigma/m < 0.1 cm^2/g at 10 km/s) are only proxies.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement sigma(v, rho) scattering in an existing SIDM N-body code (e.g. the GIZMO or Arepo SIDM modules), run dwarf-to-cluster zoom simulations over the chameleon parameter space, and calibrate a halo-shape/core-size likelihood against cluster lensing and X-ray shape data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_04512_asymmetric_dark_matter_nuggets_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter nuggets with scalar and vector forces", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04512", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Halo self-interaction bounds used to cap M_fo are calibrated for elastic (hard-sphere-like) SIDM; no structure-formation simulations calibrate the effect of exothermic nugget fusion and dissipation on dwarf and cluster halos, so the sigma/M ~ 1 cm^2/g comparison scale is only approximately applicable.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with a dissipative/exothermic SIDM module (energy release per fusion event and fusion cross section as parameters) on dwarf-to-cluster halos, and derive corrected sigma/M exclusion curves as a function of velocity and dissipated energy fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_11935_vector_wave_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector wave dark matter in the nonrelativistic Schrödinger-Poisson limit", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.11935", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Only idealized binary and O(10)-soliton mergers have been simulated; there is no cosmological vector-wave-DM simulation with production-motivated initial power spectra, nor a calibrated halo-population and stellar-heating model that maps merger outcomes onto dwarf cores, stream heating, and substructure statistics.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological-volume three-component Schroedinger-Poisson simulations (using the gap_1 solver) with misalignment- and gravitational-production initial spectra to calibrate a vector core-halo relation, granule potential power spectrum, and stellar diffusion/heating coefficients analogous to the scalar fuzzy-DM ones.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_14399_dark_fopt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark first-order phase transition primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2305.14399", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The PBH-triggered white-dwarf detonation criterion (BHL accretion shock ignition during a transit) is not calibrated by hydrodynamic simulations, leaving order-unity to order-of-magnitude uncertainty in the predicted SN Ia rate for asteroid-mass PBHs.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 1D/2D hydrodynamic simulations of PBH passage through carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (local heating from BHL accretion versus conduction/expansion losses, i.e. a Timmes-Woosley-style critical-hot-spot analysis) across the 1e-15 to 1e-10 M_sun window and publish a calibrated ignition-probability function of (M_PBH, WD mass, velocity).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_07779_lvs_string_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Large Volume Scenario string ultralight axion", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07779", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nonlinear regime is uncalibrated for this model: the card marks halo and subhalo mass-function effects as expected-but-unsupplied and simulation_calibrated as unknown, so dwarf-galaxy-scale predictions below ~10 kpc rest on linear-theory extrapolation.", "proposed_resolution": "Use existing fuzzy-DM Schroedinger-Poisson simulation suites (or published fits from them) to calibrate a halo/subhalo mass-function suppression fitting function over m_a = 1e-22 to 1e-21 eV, including sub-unity axion fractions as required by the route's validation test.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2201_05412_heavy_majoron_3to2_z3_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Heavy-Majoron three-to-two Z3 scalar dark matter variant", "family": "z3_scalar_3to2_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2201.05412", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The predicted halo-core morphology in the strong-self-interaction regime is uncalibrated: the card marks simulation_calibrated: no, and existing SIDM simulations assume elastic constant-or-velocity-dependent scattering, not the combination of near-unitarity self-scattering with residual 3-to-2 self-heating that this branch requires for core formation.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body SIDM simulations extended with an energy-injection term for residual 3-to-2 annihilations (extending a GIZMO/Arepo SIDM module), spanning the model's sigma_self/m_chi and injection-rate range, to calibrate dwarf-galaxy core sizes and check consistency with cluster-scale bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1011_6374_yukawa_potential_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Yukawa-potential interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1011.6374", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation suite or calibrated gravothermal emulator maps the velocity-dependent Yukawa cross section sigma_T(v)/m_chi to halo density-profile evolution across the (m_chi, m_phi, alpha_d) parameter space, including halo-to-halo scatter and baryonic feedback; the paper's core-formation claim rests on collision-rate estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Run an SIDM N-body suite (e.g. the GIZMO or Arepo SIDM modules, which accept velocity-dependent cross sections) over a grid of v_peak and normalization values from dwarf to cluster scales, and calibrate a gravothermal/isothermal-Jeans emulator for core size versus sigma_T(v)/m_chi and halo age.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_02149_cp_violating_spin0_sidm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating spin-0 mediator self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02149", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The self-interaction observable is judged only against a generic 0.1-10 cm^2/g dwarf window and a <1 cm^2/g cluster bound; no structure-formation simulations or calibrated halo models exist for this model's specific velocity-dependent sigma_T(v) profile (the card marks simulation_calibrated no).", "proposed_resolution": "Run (or recast existing) velocity-dependent SIDM N-body simulations, or apply a calibrated isothermal-Jeans halo model, using the model's Yukawa sigma_T(v) to derive dwarf and cluster density-profile predictions and sharpen the crude cross-section-window criterion into system-by-system constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_07779_higgs_singlet_operator_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-singlet higher-dimensional-operator ultralight axion", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.07779", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear fuzzy-DM predictions are uncalibrated for this card (halo and subhalo mass-function effects marked unknown/uncalibrated), especially for the subcomponent case where the axion is only a fraction of the dark matter.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Schroedinger-Poisson (or calibrated N-body with FDM initial conditions) simulations across m_a = 1e-22 to 1e-21 eV and axion fractions below unity, fitting halo/subhalo mass-function and dwarf-core suppression relations usable in dwarf-galaxy and substructure comparisons.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1406_6586_cold_wavelike_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cold wavelike Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1406.6586", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The primary GAMER Schrodinger-Poisson simulations omit baryonic feedback, so the soliton core-mass relation and granule statistics used for dwarf-profile inference are uncalibrated in the presence of baryons, which the card flags as able to shift the inferred boson mass.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of Schrodinger-Poisson simulations with baryons and feedback (extending GAMER's wave-DM solver coupled to its hydro module) over the m_B range 1e-23 to 1e-21 eV to recalibrate the soliton core-halo relation and granule power for use in dwarf Jeans fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_00227_visible_heavy_qcd_axion_darkly_charged_mirror_relics_v1", "model_name": "Darkly charged mirror-sector relics in a visible heavy QCD axion model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.00227", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Halo-shape and dwarf-core constraints on long-range dark-QED self-interactions rest on uncalibrated analytic ellipticity arguments; no simulations of darkly charged dark matter including dark plasma effects (screening, collective instabilities) exist to calibrate the constraint in the (alpha_QED', m_DM) plane, and no quantitative halo-ellipticity likelihood is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with long-range Coulomb-like dark scattering and plasma effects across the alpha_QED' and m_DM range, calibrate ellipticity and core-formation responses, and package them with modern halo-shape data (NGC720-class ellipticals, dwarf kinematics) into a likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 47, "rank_structure_formation": 27}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 20, "n_models": 20, "weight": 485.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 25.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 9, "degrades_precision": 10, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 16, "small": 4}, "members": [{"model_id": "1910_05633_velocity_dependent_sidm_millicharged_thermal_v1", "model_name": "Velocity-dependent SIDM thermally coupled through millicharged dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.05633", "score": 31.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The light-mediator direct-detection recast (mediator factor F_med convolved with XENON1T efficiency and nuclear form factors) exists only as a paper recipe, with no reusable code to apply it to current or future xenon/argon exposures.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the momentum-dependent light-mediator propagator in an existing recoil-rate package (DDCalc or WimPyDD) with experiment efficiency tables, validating against the paper's XENON1T conversion for m_phi = 20 MeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_06276_dark_brane_dirac_radion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-brane Dirac fermion radion-mediated dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.06276", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No direct-detection recast exists for radion-mediated scattering in the 0.15-10 GeV mass range: the sigma_N scales as 1/m_r^4 with a light (about 0.1 m_chi) mediator, so contact-interaction limit tables from XENON1T, DarkSide-50, and CRESST cannot be applied without a mediator-mass-dependent form-factor treatment for both nuclear and electron recoils.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public direct-detection likelihood package (DDCalc or an equivalent limit-recasting code) with the light-mediator propagator factor (q^2 + m_r^2)^-2 and low-threshold experiment efficiencies, then map the excluded region in (m_chi, m_r) against the paper's quoted lower bounds on m_r.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_08150_5d_dirac_dark_photon_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Five-dimensional Dirac dark photon fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08150", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Dark-photon intensity-frontier and direct-detection recasts for the multi-mode KK tower are missing: existing public recast machinery assumes a single dark photon with standard epsilon-scaled couplings, whereas here the lightest two gauge KK modes carry boundary-condition-dependent couplings and visible/invisible branching fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public dark-photon recasting package (e.g. Darkcast) to accept per-mode effective epsilon_n and branching fractions for the first two KK modes, and compute the DM-electron/nucleon direct-detection cross section from the summed KK propagators for comparison with sub-GeV direct-detection limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_07660_two_component_cdm_self_heating_v1", "model_name": "Two-component cold dark matter with self-heated light component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.07660", "score": 27.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No calculation exists of the present-day boosted chi_1 flux from Galactic chi_2 annihilation and the resulting elastic-scattering event rates with detector response in Super-Kamiokande, XENONnT, or JUNO, so the proposed terrestrial-detection observable cannot be evaluated at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the local boosted chi_1 flux from the Galactic chi_2 density profile and annihilation rate, then extend an existing boosted-dark-matter event-rate framework with kinetic-mixing-mediated electron/nucleon cross sections and published detector efficiencies for Super-K, XENONnT, and JUNO.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_scalar_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal scalar millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 26.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct-detection constraints cannot be applied or dismissed rigorously: the card's evacuation caveat (millicharged DM depleted from the Galactic disk by magnetic fields plus terrestrial shielding) rests on qualitative propagation assumptions with no dedicated model, leaving the XENON10/COHERENT applicability undetermined (robustness: low).", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a propagation model for the millicharged subcomponent in Galactic magnetic fields plus an Earth/atmosphere shielding calculation for epsilon about 1e-6 to 1e-4 and m_phi 10-80 MeV, yielding the local density and velocity distribution at detector depth needed to recast terrestrial scattering limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_08150_5d_majorana_dark_photon_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Five-dimensional Majorana dark photon fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08150", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Dark-photon intensity-frontier and direct-detection recasts for the multi-mode KK tower are missing: public recast machinery assumes a single dark photon with standard couplings, whereas here the lightest two gauge KK modes have boundary-condition-dependent couplings and the Majorana splitting plus axial couplings suppress or kinematically modify elastic scattering.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public dark-photon recasting package (e.g. Darkcast) to per-mode effective epsilon_n and branching fractions for the first two KK modes, and derive the Majorana inelastic/axial direct-detection response (splitting-dependent) for comparison with sub-GeV electron- and nuclear-recoil limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04512_asymmetric_dark_matter_nuggets_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric dark matter nuggets with scalar and vector forces", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04512", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing direct-detection recast tools assume point-particle recoils; they lack the finite-size form factors, coherent enhancement, and low-number-density/multiscatter statistics required to recast xenon-experiment limits for ultraheavy composite nuggets.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public direct-detection recast framework (e.g. DDCalc-style detector response modules) with the composite form factor F(q R_nugget), coherence factor scaling with N_X, and Poisson flux statistics for large nugget masses, validated against the point-particle limit as R_nugget goes to zero.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1902_07726_higgs_parity_mirror_electron_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs Parity mirror-electron dark matter", "family": "mirror_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1902.07726", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public direct-detection recast pipeline handles superheavy (m > 1e6 GeV) mirror-electron dark matter scattering on nuclei through photon--mirror-photon kinetic mixing, whose long-range mediator gives strong 1/q^4 momentum dependence outside the contact-operator assumptions of standard recoil calculators, and no XENON1T/LZ likelihood is attached to the route.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the long-range kinetic-mixing recoil spectrum (millicharge-like 1/q^4 form factor, superheavy-mass flux normalization) in an open recoil calculator such as DDCalc or WimPyDD and couple it to the public XENON1T and LZ likelihoods to replace the paper's approximate reinterpretation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_scalar_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the exothermic electron-recoil spectrum dR/dE for a MeV-mass split scalar down-scattering on xenon electrons with keV energy release; existing DM-electron ionization codes assume elastic scattering and lack the required detector response tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend QEdark or DarkART to exothermic kinematics by adding the splitting delta to the energy deposited in the ionization rate integral, keep the existing xenon atomic ionization form factors, and convolve with the published XENON1T efficiency and resolution curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_spinor_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spinor freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the exothermic electron-recoil spectrum dR/dE for a MeV-mass pseudo-Dirac excited state down-scattering on xenon electrons with keV energy release; existing DM-electron ionization codes assume elastic scattering and lack the required detector response tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend QEdark or DarkART to exothermic kinematics by adding the splitting delta to the energy deposited in the ionization rate integral, keep the existing xenon atomic ionization form factors, and convolve with the published XENON1T efficiency and resolution curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_05684_millicharged_subcomponent_massless_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged dark matter subcomponent with a massless dark photon", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.05684", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code models millicharged-subcomponent transport through the Earth's atmosphere and crust (stopping, thermalization to ~300 K, accumulation and flux conservation) to predict the local density n_chi,local and velocity distribution at the detector; the route relies on the paper's order-of-magnitude estimates, and the same missing transport model sets the direct-detection thermalization ceiling.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Monte Carlo or diffusion-based mCP Earth-transport module (extending existing strongly-coupled-DM terrestrial transport codes) parameterized by (epsilon, m_chi, f_chi) that outputs local density and velocity distribution profiles, validated against the paper's thermalized-regime estimates and its direct-detection ceiling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_16078_scalar_boosted_dark_matter_semiannihilation_v1", "model_name": "Scalar boosted dark matter with semi-annihilation production", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16078", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public rate calculator combines the scalar semi-annihilation boosted-DM flux with DM-electron scattering and the XENON1T SR1 detector response (efficiency and energy resolution), so the 1-7 keV electron-recoil spectrum can only be estimated without detector effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public DM-electron scattering rate code such as wimprates or DarkELF with a boosted-DM monochromatic-velocity flux module and fold in the published XENON1T SR1 efficiency and resolution curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_13009_near_continuum_z_portal_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-continuum Z-portal dark matter", "family": "continuum_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.13009", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the regulated near-gap spectral density and the resulting inelastic continuum direct-detection recoil rate; the published continuum formalism exists only as paper-level derivations, so the direct-detection suppression cannot be scanned over (mu0, spectral shape, portal coupling).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the soft-wall Green's-function spectral density and the continuum inelastic recoil-rate integral in a small public package, validated against the discrete KK sum from the paper's regulator, and interface it to standard halo-model recoil kinematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_16078_scalar_boosted_dark_matter_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Scalar boosted dark matter with annihilation production", "family": "multi_component_boosted_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16078", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public rate calculator combines the scalar annihilation boosted-DM flux with DM-electron scattering and the XENON1T SR1 detector response (efficiency and energy resolution), so the 1-7 keV electron-recoil spectrum can only be estimated without detector effects.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public DM-electron scattering rate code such as wimprates or DarkELF with a boosted-DM monochromatic-velocity flux module and fold in the published XENON1T SR1 efficiency and resolution curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1501_03166_annihilation_product_direct_detection_dm_v1", "model_name": "Annihilation-product direct-detection dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1501.03166", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes nuclear-recoil spectra for a relativistic dark-sector particle flux: existing direct-detection rate calculators assume nonrelativistic halo kinematics, so the distinctive Y recoil spectrum and E_min-space comparison cannot be produced with released tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DDCalc or WIMPrates with relativistic Y-nucleus scattering kinematics for the paper's vector and scalar Y-quark operators, including nuclear form factors at large momentum transfer and the halo-independent E_min mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_03216_su2d_vector_multipole_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D complex vector dark matter with electromagnetic multipole moments", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.03216", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public direct-detection code maps spin-1 electromagnetic multipole form factors (mu_V, d_V, Q_V, tilde_Q_V, g1A, g5A) to nuclear recoil spectra across the xenon, germanium, fluorine, and CaWO4 targets, including the multi-form-factor interference the published single-operator limits ignore.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an NREFT direct-detection package such as WimPyDD or DMFormFactor with the spin-1 multipole operator basis and its nonrelativistic reduction, allowing simultaneous form factors sourced from the SU(2)_D loop formulas.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0903_3945_composite_inelastic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Composite Inelastic Dark Matter", "family": "composite_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0903.3945", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public direct-detection code computes inelastic nuclear-recoil spectra with CiDM composite dark-meson form factors and the axial U(1)_A' hyperfine transition current; existing calculators implement point-particle inelastic DM at best.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing open direct-detection framework (e.g. WimPyDD or DDCalc) with inelastic kinematics keyed to delta, the CiDM meson transition form factor, halo-integral modules for the inelastic threshold velocity, and NaI/Xe/Ge detector responses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_08205_three_scalar_inelastic_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Three-scalar inelastic scalar dark matter model for muon g-2 and XENON1T", "family": "inelastic_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.08205", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator produces the inelastic (keV-splitting, exothermic) dark-scalar-electron ionization spectrum in xenon for few-hundred-MeV to few-GeV dark matter with a light leptophilic scalar mediator; existing electron-recoil codes assume elastic scattering.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend QEdark or DarkELF xenon atomic response tables with down-scattering kinematics (energy deposit delta_m plus kinetic contribution) and a Maxwellian halo integral, validating against the paper's 1-5 keV spectrum with the roughly 2 keV peak.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_1485_light_dark_photon_force_v1", "model_name": "Light dark photon force dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1485", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Direct-detection comparisons use contact-limit curves with representative momentum transfers Q of 5-35 MeV inserted by hand; no rate calculator with the full light-mediator propagator momentum dependence was applied for m_Ap near or below tens of MeV, where the card says contact-limit curves break down.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing direct-detection rate code (DDCalc or WimPyDD) with the (q^2 + m_Ap^2)^-2 propagator form factor and recast current LUX/LZ, CDMSlite, and SuperCDMS limits onto (epsilon, m_Ap, m_chi), replacing the source's fixed-Q approximation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03128_light_exothermic_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Light exothermic inelastic dark matter with vector mediator", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03128", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes electron-recoil and Migdal-effect ionization spectra for exothermic inelastic dark matter with keV-scale mass splitting; existing electron-scattering tools (QEDark, DarkELF) and published Migdal probability tables assume elastic kinematics, so the delta_m-dependent spectral shapes central to this model cannot be generated off the shelf.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend DarkELF (or QEDark) xenon ionization-rate routines to inelastic kinematics by shifting the energy-conservation delta by delta_m in the atomic response convolution, and couple the same kinematic modification to the Ibe-et-al Migdal transition-probability tables, parameterized by (m_X, delta_m, q_e, q_p, q_n).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 48, "rank_structure_formation": 110}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Indirect-detection likelihood (γ-ray / cosmic-ray / ν)", "n_gaps": 20, "n_models": 20, "weight": 469.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 8, "weight_structure_formation": 195.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 12, "blocks_all_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 7}, "effort_counts": {"large": 15, "major_program": 3, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2204_09628_late_forming_pbh_fermion_scalar_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Late-forming PBH dark matter from a fermion-scalar fluid", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2204.09628", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, simulation-validated treatment exists of scalar-radiative cooling and collapse of dense fermion-scalar halos into PBHs; the collapse criterion, cooling time, and the fraction of halo mass ending in the black hole rest on the paper's uncalibrated semi-analytic estimates, which directly set the predicted PBH mass function.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a public semi-analytic halo cooling/collapse code for the fermion-scalar fluid (Fermi pressure plus attractive scalar force plus scalar-radiation losses) and calibrate it with dedicated numerical simulations of dark halo collapse with a light-scalar fifth force, parameterized by z_T, m_phi, m_psi, and the fermion-scalar coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0905_1253_leptophilic_nonthermal_wimp_cosmic_string_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic non-thermal WIMP model from U(1)' cosmic strings", "family": "nonthermal_leptophilic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0905.1253", "score": 32, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No N-body simulation of structure formation with the high-velocity nonthermal WIMP distribution from cosmic-string loop decay exists, so the cored halo profile that reconciles the large leptonic annihilation rate with HESS Galactic-center gamma rays is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological N-body (or controlled halo-relaxation) simulations initialized with the burst-produced monochromatic velocity distribution and its phase-space density Q, and extract the inner-profile slope and J-factor as functions of T_c and m_chi for use in the gamma-ray recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_17488_confining_dark_baryon_inverse_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Confining dark-baryon inverse-seesaw dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_baryon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.17488", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated simulation exists for the neutrino and photon spectra from the annihilation chain B B -> M M -> N N -> SM at m_B ~ 10^4-10^5 TeV, including electroweak showering of the heavy sterile-neutrino decay products; current limits are only approximate rescalings of Majorana-benchmark line searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the boosted N decay spectra with HDMSpectra (valid at these ultra-heavy masses), convolve with the M -> N N and B B -> M M decay-chain kinematics including the spin-3/2 Dirac degree-of-freedom rescaling, and build recast limits from published ANTARES/IceCube/KM3NeT line-search and Fermi-LAT/HESS/CTA tables.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_02668_preheating_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Preheating-produced sterile-neutrino fermionic dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.02668", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The production calculation relies on analytic interpolation ansaetze for the scale factor and time-varying mass, valid only for fast/instant preheating with backreaction neglected; no numerical solver exists for fermion mode functions in a realistic (possibly oscillatory or slower) Palatini Higgs-inflation preheating background including backreaction of the produced fermions.", "proposed_resolution": "Numerically integrate the fermion mode equations on the actual Palatini Higgs-inflation background field evolution (from a standard inflaton/lattice preheating solver) rather than the analytic interpolation, scanning tau, M_i, M_R, and c_5, and estimate backreaction to delimit where the analytic scalings hold.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_nucleon_decay_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "B-L charged scalar dark matter triggering nucleon decay", "family": "baryon_lepton_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No event generator or nuclear-response model exists for DM-induced neutron removal in oxygen/argon targets: the invisible-neutrino plus nuclear de-excitation and hadronic final state has no simulation of intranuclear cascades and de-excitation gammas for this signal.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing neutrino/nucleon-decay event generator (e.g. GENIE's nucleon-decay and final-state-interaction modules) with the DM-induced neutron-removal vertex, producing event spectra including nuclear de-excitation photons for water-Cherenkov and liquid-argon targets.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2002_00036_subkev_decaying_fermion_u1x_v1", "model_name": "Sub-keV decaying fermion dark matter in anomaly-free hidden U(1)_X", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2002.00036", "score": 25.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The degenerate-fermion core-cusp prediction for dwarf spheroidals is qualitative: no structure-formation simulation or calibrated semi-analytic model exists for sub-keV fermions with this nonthermal phase-space history including fermionic quantum pressure and baryons.", "proposed_resolution": "Build Thomas-Fermi hydrostatic dwarf-halo models using the derived nonthermal phase-space density, and calibrate against dedicated N-body simulations initialized with the model's f(q) and transfer function (WDM-style zoom simulations with fermionic-pressure initial phase-space constraints) before confronting dwarf-spheroidal kinematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_06039_linear_nonminimal_inflaton_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter from linear non-minimally coupled inflaton decay", "family": "gravitationally_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06039", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The yield is computed assuming purely perturbative two-body decay of the inflaton condensate; no lattice or non-perturbative preheating calculation exists for the linear non-minimal coupling beta M_P phi R to quantify how parametric/tachyonic particle production corrects the fermionic DM abundance, a risk the card's validity domain explicitly flags.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a lattice preheating study (e.g. with CosmoLattice extended to the Einstein-frame interactions induced by the linear non-minimal coupling) of inflaton fragmentation and gravitational particle production for representative beta in the O(0.1)-O(100) range, and publish correction factors to the perturbative yield.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_10743_neutrino_portal_multicomponent_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Degenerate neutrino-portal scalar-fermion self-interacting dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.10743", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No N-body or gravothermal simulations exist for this model's off-diagonal monopole-dipole 1/v^2 self-interaction between degenerate scalar and fermion components, so halo density-profile, core-formation, and subhalo predictions are uncalibrated (the card marks all nonlinear effects unknown).", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model's velocity-dependent differential cross section (including the two-component scalar-fermion scattering structure) in an SIDM-capable N-body code such as Arepo or GIZMO, or in a calibrated gravothermal fluid model, and simulate dwarf-to-cluster halos across the favored sigma_T/m band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_09785_nonminimal_scalar_inflationary_fluctuation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled scalar dark matter from inflationary fluctuations", "family": "gravitationally_produced_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.09785", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear collapse and survival of the predicted small-scale clumps (scales of order 1e4 km to 1e4 AU) have never been simulated, so the clumpy-dark-matter observable cannot be turned into predictions for lensing, pulsar timing, or indirect detection.", "proposed_resolution": "Run zoom-in N-body (or Press-Schechter-calibrated semi-analytic) simulations seeded with the peaked P_delta(k) to obtain a minihalo mass function, concentrations, and tidal survival fractions, then connect these to existing microlensing, pulsar-timing, and annihilation-boost constraint frameworks for compact minihalos.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_17851_su2d_neutron_decay_freeze_in_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(2)_D neutron-decay freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17851", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No neutron-star equation-of-state recast capability exists for neutron dark decay n -> chi phi with the dark self-interactions the model invokes to evade maximum-mass bounds; consistency with observed two-solar-mass neutron stars is currently only a qualitative flag.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a TOV/EoS solver with a dark-fermion component in chemical equilibrium through the n -> chi phi channel, including W^a-mediated dark repulsion in the dark-sector EoS, and confront the maximum-mass curve with observed pulsar masses over the benchmark (m_chi = 938 MeV, m_W' = 8 MeV).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0509242_mirror_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Broken-Z2 mirror baryon dark matter", "family": "mirror_baryon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509242", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The claim that mirror halos avoid catastrophic bremsstrahlung/ionization cooling when m_e2 is raised rests on an analytic timescale estimate; no simulation of dissipative mirror-baryon halos with mirror-electromagnetic and mirror-strong cooling exists to establish the halo-stability boundary in (m_e2, m_mirror_baryon).", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic halo simulations with a mirror-sector cooling function (mirror atomic and bremsstrahlung rates rescaled to the heavier mirror fermion masses), mapping the cooling-stability boundary as a function of m_e2/m_baryon and halo mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2106_00111_fermi_ball_collapse_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fermi-ball collapse primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2106.00111", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Fermi-ball formation and collapse dynamics (trapped fraction, remnant shrinkage, and the regime where remnants collapse directly to PBHs without an intermediate Fermi-ball) have no numerical simulation; the route caveat explicitly flags that direct collapse requires simulation.", "proposed_resolution": "Run coupled scalar-field plus fermion-fluid simulations of a shrinking false-vacuum remnant with Yukawa attraction to calibrate the trapped fraction F_trap, the collapse temperature, and the Fermi-ball-to-PBH mass relation beyond the analytic energy-balance estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_07759_scalar_extended_accidental_composite_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-extended accidental composite dark matter", "family": "accidental_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.07759", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No lattice or other nonperturbative calculation exists for the dark-hadron spectrum of SU(N) dark color with light vectorlike fermionic dark quarks plus a scalar dark quark, including hybrid fermion-scalar dark baryons and their mass ordering, which every signature route depends on.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dedicated lattice simulations (or matched large-N/quark-model estimates as an interim step) for SU(N) gauge theory with the paper's fermion-plus-scalar constituent content, delivering the low-lying baryon, hybrid, meson, and glueball spectrum as a function of Lambda_DC, M_phi, and M_psi.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_14354_complex_vector_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex vector condensate dark matter with magnetic dipole coupling", "family": "vector_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.14354", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The transition from the non-magnetic to the magnetic condensate and the resulting magnetic-field power spectrum and coherence length have never been simulated; the paper's homogeneous-condensate estimate gives only an amplitude, and PMF observables (CMB anisotropy bounds, gamma-ray lower bounds on intergalactic fields) depend on B(k) and coherence scale, not amplitude alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Run classical lattice field simulations of the complex vector field coupled to electromagnetism through the dipole operator (extending existing axion-magnetogenesis/vector-instability lattice codes) to follow the classical instability, extract the generated B(k) spectrum and coherence length, and track its MHD evolution to z=0.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2112_12264_cointeracting_conformal_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Co-interacting conformal two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2112.12264", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No structure-formation simulations or emulator exist for the co-interacting regime, where a subdominant (f ~ 0.1) heavy component with sigma/m up to ~10 cm^2/g exchanges heat with a dominant ultra-light scalar bath; existing SIDM simulations assume a single self-interacting species, so the predicted dwarf-core and cluster-merger responses are only qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing SIDM N-body implementation (e.g. the GIZMO or Arepo SIDM modules) to two species — a fractional interacting fermion component scattering off a fuzzy-DM-like scalar background — scan over (f, sigma/m(v), m_phi), and calibrate a core-size/central-density emulator for dwarf-to-cluster halos.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_16462_late_forming_pbh_thermal_fermi_balls_v1", "model_name": "Late-forming PBH from thermal balls and Fermi balls", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2210.16462", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation calibrates the trapping of asymmetric dark fermions by FOPT bubble walls or the resulting thermal-ball population, so the remnant abundance, trapping fraction, and Fermi-ball mass function that seed the PBH prediction are order-of-magnitude analytic estimates only.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice or hydrodynamic simulations of a dark-sector FOPT with fermion transmission/reflection at the walls (extending existing bubble-wall friction and filtered-dark-matter simulation setups) to calibrate the trapping fraction and remnant mass function as functions of wall velocity, beta/H, and the Yukawa coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_3091_relativistic_bec_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate scalar dark matter cosmology", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.3091", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear simulation calibration exists for the collapse of self-interacting BEC condensates into halos in this model (simulation_calibrated: no), so halo density profiles, rotation curves, and the subhalo/halo mass function cannot be predicted beyond Thomas-Fermi analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a public Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson solver (e.g. PyUltraLight or an AxioNyx-class cosmological code) to include the quartic self-interaction term, run collapse simulations across the (m, a_s) plane, and calibrate a core-halo relation usable in rotation-curve and minimum-halo fits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2005_12302_techni_pati_salam_composite_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Techni-Pati-Salam semi-integer-baryon-number composite dark matter", "family": "composite_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.12302", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The Sp(4)_HC composite spectrum (mass of the lightest neutral semi-integer-baryon-number state, splittings among exotic components, and confirmation of the walking regime needed for partial compositeness) is unknown; the paper explicitly defers this to future lattice calculations, and even the DM candidate's spin/statistics are listed as unknown on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations of Sp(4) gauge theory with the model's mixed fundamental plus antisymmetric hyper-fermion content to determine the exotic-baryon spectrum, mass splittings, and the (near-)conformal behavior of the coupling, following existing Sp(4) lattice programs but extended to this fermion content.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2009_05209_atomic_dissipative_dark_matter_dbh_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dissipative dark matter with dark black holes", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2009.05209", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No simulations exist of dark-atomic gas cooling, fragmentation, and direct collapse for this model's chemistry (heavy fermion x, light fermion c, alpha_D, molecular cooling gap), so the cooling curves and the numerical coefficient of the minimum dark Jeans mass — which set the DBH mass function — are only order-of-magnitude analytic estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Run hydrodynamic collapse simulations with a dark-chemistry network (dark recombination, bremsstrahlung, atomic and H_D,2 molecular cooling, parameterized by m_x, m_c, alpha_D) to calibrate cooling functions and the minimum-Jeans-mass coefficient, analogous to Population-III star-formation simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1106_1256_rotating_bec_cdm_vortices_v1", "model_name": "Rotating Bose-Einstein-condensate cold dark matter with possible vortices", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.1256", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver covers rotating, strongly self-interacting (Thomas-Fermi regime) Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson haloes with quantized vortices at the paper's benchmark (g/g_H ~ 68, lambda ~ 0.05); existing Schroedinger-Poisson codes for fuzzy dark matter omit the g|psi|^2 self-interaction and angular-momentum configurations, so vortex formation and core-depletion predictions cannot be computed beyond the paper's analytic energy estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Schroedinger-Poisson solver of the PyUltraLight class with the repulsive g|psi|^2 psi self-interaction term and rotating initial conditions, and simulate virialized haloes across (m/m_H, g/g_H, lambda) to calibrate vortex stability, core sizes, and density profiles against the paper's analytic criteria.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 49, "rank_structure_formation": 46}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 17, "n_models": 17, "weight": 464.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 12, "weight_structure_formation": 315.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 6, "degrades_precision": 11}, "effort_counts": {"large": 14, "medium": 2, "major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2304_12336_thermal_dark_matter_kination_v1", "model_name": "Thermal dark matter freeze-out during kination", "family": "thermal_kination_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.12336", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The microhalo abundance and boost prescription for kination-enhanced small-scale spectra is only partially simulation-calibrated; microhalo survival and tidal disruption in host halos dominate the boost uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body zoom simulations initialized with kination-enhanced transfer functions (spanning T_KR and cutoff scale k_cut) to calibrate the microhalo mass function, concentrations, and survival fractions used by the semi-analytic boost model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_00129_lrsm_n1_triplet_scalar_diluted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal LRSM N1 dark matter with right-handed triplet scalar dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.00129", "score": 38.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation is uncalibrated for the mixed cold+hot N1 population: halo and subhalo mass-function effects are unknown, simulation_calibrated is no, and the paper's matter-power treatment is explicitly linear-only.", "proposed_resolution": "Run mixed cold+hot dark matter N-body simulations parameterized by (m_N1, Br_Delta_to_N1) to calibrate nonlinear power and halo/subhalo mass-function suppression, following existing mixed-WDM simulation suites.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1807_03308_wimpflation_inflaton_dm_v1", "model_name": "WIMPflation stable inflaton dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03308", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonperturbative preheating/thermalization calculation exists for annihilation-driven reheating of a stable inflaton across the five studied potential classes; the card notes thermalization after reheating is model-dependent and precision requires a nonperturbative treatment, which controls whether the thermal freeze-out assumption holds.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice preheating simulations (CosmoLattice or LATTICEEASY) for each WIMPflation potential class with the Higgs-portal coupling included, extract the reheating temperature and verify inflaton-SM kinetic equilibration, and publish fitting functions for T_RH(potential parameters, lambda_phiH).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1903_06220_late_universe_two_body_decaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Late-universe two-body decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.06220", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated nonlinear matter power spectrum or halo mass function exists for the two-body decay scenario (card: simulation_calibrated 'no'), so weak-lensing and cluster-count S8 constraints can only be applied at linear or mildly nonlinear level.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with two-body decaying dark matter (parent decay to massless plus warm massive daughter, parameterized by tau and epsilon) and fit a nonlinear boost/suppression formula or emulator relative to LCDM for use in weak-lensing likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_05790_oscillon_alp_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Oscillon-forming axion-like fuzzy dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.05790", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Oscillon lifetimes and radiated-ALP momentum spectra are only simulated for a few benchmark pure-natural potentials; no calibrated mapping tau_osc(p, M, m) and f(k) covering the model's parameter space exists, and the single-decay-temperature approximation is uncontrolled.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a lattice campaign with a public scalar-field code (CosmoLattice-class) scanning the pure-natural exponent p and scale M, tabulating oscillon lifetime, surviving fraction r_osc, and emitted momentum distribution, and release the tables as an interpolable product.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_00008_nucleophilic_scalar_cosimp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Nucleophilic scalar Co-SIMP dark matter", "family": "thermal_relic_cosimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00008", "score": 30.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No transport/attenuation code models the boosted Co-SIMP population: in-Earth 3-to-2 conversion accelerates dark matter, and the resulting flux must be propagated through rock/atmosphere with the same elastic cross section; existing boosted-dark-matter transport tools (elastic-only Monte Carlos) lack the conversion source term.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing overburden/boosted-DM Monte Carlo transport code (DaMaSCUS/verne-class) with a Co-SIMP conversion injection spectrum and Earth material profile, outputting the attenuated boosted flux at detector depth as a function of sigma_elastic and the conversion rate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0309652_light_collisional_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Light collisional cold dark matter", "family": "light_interacting_cold_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0309652", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear predictions rely on WDM-cutoff transfer functions as proxies; no N-body simulations have been run with the model's true oscillatory damped spectrum, so power regeneration at z < 1, halo abundance, and reionization-era first-halo suppression are only bracketed, not computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Once gap_1 provides exact oscillatory transfer functions, run N-body simulations (GADGET-4 or AREPO with MUSIC-style initial conditions from the tabulated P(k)) covering representative damping masses up to ~10^3 M_sun, measuring the halo mass function and nonlinear P(k) against matched CDM and WDM runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0906_3880_dark_matter_coupled_scalar_fifth_force_v1", "model_name": "Dark-matter-coupled scalar-field fifth-force model", "family": "coupled_dark_matter_dark_energy_fifth_force", "arxiv": "0906.3880", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public coupled scalar-field N-body code covers this model's regime: the modified MLAPM multigrid solver with chameleon screening is author code, and the paper explicitly defers quantitative nonlinear matter power spectra and halo profiles to future simulation work, so no calibrated nonlinear predictions exist in the (beta, lambda) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the dark-matter-only C(phi) coupling in a public modified-gravity N-body code (ECOSMOG or ISIS/RAMSES-style multigrid scalar solver), run a simulation suite over (beta, lambda) sufficient to calibrate nonlinear P(k) and halo profiles, and check the quasi-static approximation flagged on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1507_04351_interacting_cdm_dark_radiation_drag_v1", "model_name": "Interacting cold dark matter-dark radiation drag model", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_radiation", "arxiv": "1507.04351", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonlinear response to drag-damped growth is not simulation-calibrated (simulation_calibrated: no), yet the key S8/weak-lensing and cluster-count observables depend on the nonlinear matter power spectrum in this suppressed-growth cosmology.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of N-body simulations with initial conditions and growth histories from the modified CLASS, and validate or recalibrate halofit/HMcode emulation for the drag-suppressed spectra used in lensing and cluster likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2106_09041_hidden_sector_cannibal_ecde_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector early cannibal-dominated dark matter cosmology", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2106.09041", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The mapping from the ECDE-enhanced transfer function to a present-day microhalo population is uncalibrated: no N-body simulations exist for cannibal-shaped peaked spectra, so microhalo mass function, concentrations, and tidal survival in the Galactic halo are unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of high-resolution N-body simulations seeded with ECDE transfer functions (peak plus Jeans cutoff) across the (k_pk, cutoff) plane to calibrate a semi-analytic microhalo mass-concentration model and survival fractions under tidal stripping.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1703_02740_extended_ma_inert_scalar_preheating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extended Ma model with inert scalar dark matter and preheating symmetry restoration", "family": "scotogenic_inert_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02740", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public code covers the preheating dynamics of this model: explosive singlet-scalar production after inflation, radiative symmetry restoration, and the resulting nonthermal lepton asymmetry from inflaton decay to the right-handed neutrino sector, which set the cosmological history that the dark-matter parameters must be consistent with.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate the inflaton-singlet system with a lattice preheating code (CosmoLattice or LATTICEEASY class) to obtain the singlet occupation and effective-potential symmetry restoration, then couple the output to a set of Boltzmann equations for N_i decays and lepton-number transfer, parameterized by g_S and the inflaton couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1510_09010_noncanonical_scalar_unified_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-canonical scalar unified dark matter-dark energy model", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1510.09010", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation for the unified scalar is not simulation-calibrated (simulation_calibrated: no); halo and subhalo suppression at smaller alpha is only inferred from the linear sound-speed argument, so halo-scale observables cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations initialized with the model's suppressed transfer function, including the scale-dependent growth from finite sound speed (or verify that a pressureless N-body treatment suffices for large alpha), and calibrate the halo mass function response versus alpha.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_10356_spin_zero_no_freeze_in_no_freeze_out_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Spin-zero no-freeze-in/no-freeze-out warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.10356", "score": 21.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The paper explicitly notes unknown corrections from residual velocity dispersion and nonlinear regeneration of small-scale power; no simulation calibration exists for this colder early-decoupled scenario, leaving the nonlinear cutoff-to-observable mapping uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body/hydro simulations with initial conditions from the exact transfer function plus thermal velocities drawn from the model's f(p) (WDM-style simulations at M_S ~ 150 eV, T_S/T_gamma = 0.345) to calibrate nonlinear power regeneration and the first-galaxy/halo mass cutoff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1903_03631_type_i_seesaw_majoron_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Type-I seesaw Majoron warm dark matter completion", "family": "majoron_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1903.03631", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear small-scale predictions (halo statistics for the warm, decaying Majoron) lack a calibrated N-body suite; the source points to N-body simulation as the forward model but simulation_calibrated is only partial and no pipeline is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Run WDM-style N-body simulations (e.g. Gadget-4 with truncated initial power from the gap_2 transfer functions, including thermal-velocity treatment) for representative keV Majoron benchmarks to calibrate the halo and subhalo mass-function suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2010_13504_ulap_oscillon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ULAP oscillon dark matter", "family": "ultralight_axion_like_oscillon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2010.13504", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The oscillon fraction r_osc, formation efficiency, and survival to z~10 are taken from the authors' unreleased lattice simulation code and were computed only for the p=-3/4 monodromy example, so the oscillon population inputs cannot be regenerated across the (m, F, p) parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Run public 3+1D scalar-field lattice simulations (e.g. CosmoLattice or LATTICEEASY-class codes) of oscillon formation and decay for a grid of monodromy-type potentials, and release fitted tables of r_osc, oscillon mass spectrum, and lifetime versus (m, F, p) for use in the power-spectrum step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_04394_surface_type_dbi_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Surface-type DBI dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04394", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The paper's predictions are valid only to linear order and the card records nonlinear halo and subhalo mass-function effects as unknown with no simulation calibration, so the claimed late-time smoothing of structure (the S8-tension motivation) cannot be propagated to nonlinear weak-lensing and small-scale-structure observables.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological simulations treating the s-DBI component as a pressured fluid (an N-body code extended with the effective pressure/sound-speed terms, or a fluid-particle hybrid) across the a_d parameter range to calibrate the nonlinear matter power spectrum and halo mass function relative to CDM.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_01056_kination_freeout_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kination freeze-out Majorana dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01056", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No tool exists for the kination-enhanced small-scale power spectrum, its kinetic-decoupling cutoff, and the resulting microhalo annihilation boost factor B needed to include post-2018 substructure constraints; the substructure step is entirely unimplemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the kination-era perturbation growth in a modified CLASS run with the appropriate early expansion history, attach a kinetic-decoupling cutoff from the model's scattering rate, and feed the resulting transfer function to a semi-analytic microhalo model (Press-Schechter/peaks formalism calibrated on existing enhanced-power N-body simulations) to output boost factors versus T_R and the decoupling temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 50, "rank_structure_formation": 32}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Self-interacting DM halo modeling", "n_gaps": 18, "n_models": 18, "weight": 456.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 16, "weight_structure_formation": 398.7, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 11, "degrades_precision": 7}, "effort_counts": {"large": 15, "medium": 1, "major_program": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1804_07255_scalar_dm_clumps_angular_momentum_v1", "model_name": "Light scalar dark matter clumps with angular momentum", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07255", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dynamical-stability certification exists for the l > 0 variational clump branch: cited follow-up simulations find rotating Bose stars with attractive or negligible self-interactions unstable, but no public Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson simulation suite maps stability across (l, self-interaction sign and strength, M), so it is unknown which angular-momentum configurations survive as long-lived dark-matter clumps.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson evolutions of the paper's stationary l > 0 profiles across attractive, negligible, and repulsive quartic couplings, recovering the spherical l = 0 limit as validation, and publish a stability map plus lifetime estimates as a registry data product.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_05633_velocity_dependent_sidm_millicharged_thermal_v1", "model_name": "Velocity-dependent SIDM thermally coupled through millicharged dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.05633", "score": 31.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Halo-core predictions rest on benchmark relative velocities and Maxwell-Boltzmann averaging; no N-body SIDM simulations calibrated for this model's specific light-scalar sigma_T(v) shape exist, so the mapping from cross section to core sizes and substructure is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of cosmological zoom-in SIDM simulations (e.g. with the Arepo/GIZMO SIDM modules) sampling the paper's Yukawa sigma_T(v) benchmarks at m_SIDM = 10-40 GeV to calibrate the halo-average step against actual core formation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_05785_preinflationary_qcd_axion_minicluster_v1", "model_name": "Pre-inflationary QCD axion minicluster scenario", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05785", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear simulation follows the collapse of pre-inflationary axion clump seeds (hilltop self-interaction resonance or enhanced small-scale primordial power near the QCD horizon) into miniclusters; existing minicluster simulations use post-inflationary white-noise initial conditions, so the mass function, density profiles, minicluster fraction f_MC, and survival probability are unknown for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Schroedinger-Poisson or N-body simulations (e.g. adapting AxioNyx-class codes) initialized with the primary paper's linear QCD-epoch perturbation spectra for hilltop and enhanced-P_zeta cases, evolving through matter-radiation equality to extract the minicluster mass function, profiles, f_MC, and tidal survival.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1603_06580_5d_u1_repulsive_axion_ultralight_dm_v1", "model_name": "5D U(1) repulsive-axion ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06580", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No simulation-calibrated nonlinear halo predictions exist for an ultralight scalar with a repulsive quartic self-interaction; the polytropic core profile is a zero-temperature, baryon-free analytic estimate the card itself flags as not robust.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson simulations (e.g. extend a PyUltraLight-style spectral solver) including the repulsive lambda4_eff term, finite-temperature corrections, and a baryonic potential, and calibrate a core-radius/core-mass relation over the (m, f, lambda4_eff) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_10904_sidm_dark_star_scalar_mediator_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting Dirac fermion dark matter with light scalar mediator for dark stars", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.10904", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No simulation capability exists for coupled SIDM gravothermal evolution plus baryonic gas collapse in 10^6-10^8 solar-mass protohalos at z~20, which is required to establish whether central SIDM densities actually reach the values needed for annihilation-powered dark stars; the paper parametrizes the SIDM-to-baryon ratio instead.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological zoom-in hydrodynamic simulations of first-star minihalos with an SIDM module (e.g. the Arepo or GIZMO SIDM implementations) including primordial gas cooling, or extend SIDM gravothermal fluid codes with an adiabatically deepening baryonic potential, scanning sigma_self/m over the favored galaxy-scale range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_10092_su2_fiveplet_accident_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(2) x U(1) five-plet accident dark matter", "family": "accident_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10092", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mass floor from long-range dark-photon self-interactions rests on a literature halo-ellipticity bound with an assumed simple mapping from Q_D^2 alpha_D to halo shapes; no simulation-calibrated constraint or likelihood exists for unscreened long-range forces in this model's charged-scalar dark matter.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body/hydro simulations of halos with unscreened 1/r^2 dark Coulomb interactions across the relevant (Q_D^2 alpha_D)/m_DM^3 range, calibrate the ellipticity and core response, and construct a likelihood against measured X-ray and lensing halo-shape data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_00730_cosine_self_interacting_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Cosine self-interacting scalar dark matter", "family": "axion_like_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00730", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The core-existence domain of the bounded cosine potential rests solely on spherical hydrostatic equilibrium (simulation_calibrated: no); no simulations test whether non-spherical dynamics, mergers, or cosmological assembly preserve the predicted loss of solitonic cores in massive halos.", "proposed_resolution": "Run halo-scale and cosmological simulations of the scalar with the cosine self-interaction (Gross-Pitaevskii/Schrodinger-Poisson solvers extended with the bounded nonpolynomial potential, or an effective-fluid solver with the cosine pressure law) to map the core-existence boundary across halo mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2111_03061_dark_matter_vortices_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter vortex filament model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.03061", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The parallel, singly quantized, filament-aligned vortex configuration is a fitting ansatz with no simulation support: no Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson simulation of cosmic filaments has established whether vortices of the required number (~3000 for m=1e-22 eV), alignment, and survival actually form, which the paper itself flags as needing simulations.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson (Schroedinger-Poisson with optional self-interaction g) simulations of filament formation in a cosmological setting, e.g. by extending AxioNyx or PyUltraLight-class solvers to filament-scale boxes, and measure vortex number density, alignment with the filament axis, and lifetime to calibrate or replace the Gaussian parallel-vortex template.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2307_10092_su3_tenplet_accident_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(3) x U(1) ten-plet accident dark matter", "family": "accident_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.10092", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological or halo-scale simulation capability exists for a six-component dark matter multiplet interacting through two massless dark photons (long-range dark electromagnetism), so the halo-shape and substructure response to these forces cannot be predicted.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend existing SIDM N-body frameworks (e.g. Arepo/Gizmo SIDM modules) with a multi-species dark-plasma module implementing Rutherford-like scattering under two U(1) charges, starting from the effective dark-Coulomb cross sections derived for the accident multiplet, and calibrate halo-shape and core observables on a small suite of zoom-in runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0204307_scalar_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting scalar field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0204307", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear simulation or halo solver includes this model's cosh-potential self-interaction: public Schrodinger-Poisson codes target free (non-self-interacting) fuzzy dark matter, so the predicted core radii, ~1e12 M_sun halo masses, and cluster-scale multistate profiles cannot be computed for the actual model.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Schrodinger-Poisson / Gross-Pitaevskii solver (e.g. PyUltraLight- or AxioNyx-class codes) with the self-interaction term from the cosh potential, run cosmological or isolated-halo simulations over the fixed parameter set, and calibrate a core radius-halo mass relation and cluster mass profiles for comparison with LSB and Chandra data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1707_03829_dissipative_dark_electromagnetism_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark electromagnetism model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.03829", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No cosmological or halo-scale simulations exist for the two-species H-L dark plasma with dark-photon radiative cooling; fragmentation, the compact-object mass spectrum, and survival of collapsed substructure under tides are therefore unpredicted (nonlinear block is all unknown, simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Run dissipative-dark-matter N-body/hydro simulations (e.g. extend the GIZMO/Arepo dissipative-SIDM modules with the paper's H-L Coulomb, bremsstrahlung, recombination, and collisional-excitation cooling functions) over the alpha_D, m_H, m_L benchmarks to obtain a collapsed-object mass function and density profiles.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2007_05376_fuzzy_dark_fluid_unified_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark fluid unified scalar", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.05376", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Small-scale structure predictions (transfer-function cutoff, soliton cores) are uncalibrated for this model: existing Schrodinger-Poisson solvers assume a free m^2 phi^2 field, while here the quartic self-coupling lambda and non-minimal coupling may alter the cutoff and core structure (card assumption fdf_classic_fuzzy_mapping is unverified).", "proposed_resolution": "Add the quartic self-interaction term (a Gross-Pitaevskii-type nonlinearity) to a public Schrodinger-Poisson solver such as PyUltraLight or the GAMER wave-DM module, run cosmological boxes over the m ~ 1e-22 to 1e-21 eV, allowed-lambda region, and fit a transfer-function/core-size parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_04463_self_interacting_scalar_field_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting scalar field dark matter soliton model", "family": "self_interacting_ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.04463", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The modified soliton-halo relation and its assumed factor-of-two peak-velocity scatter are not calibrated for self-interacting SFDM: no cosmological or merger Schrodinger-Poisson simulations including the quartic term validate how soliton mass tracks halo mass when lambda is non-zero.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing pseudo-spectral Schrodinger-Poisson code (e.g. PyUltraLight- or AxioNyx-class) with the cubic nonlinearity and run halo-formation/merger simulations across lambda_ini to measure the soliton-halo relation and its scatter with self-interactions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1201_4858_millicharged_atomic_dm_elastic_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged atomic dark matter with elastic nuclear scattering", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4858", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The halo-ellipticity and Bullet Cluster consistency checks use rough analytic dark-atom self-interaction cross sections; no calibrated atomic-DM elastic self-scattering computation or structure-formation calibration exists for this model (the card marks all nonlinear structure fields unknown/uncalibrated).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the velocity-dependent dark-atom elastic self-scattering cross section from quantum atomic-scattering calculations (partial-wave hydrogen-hydrogen-analog rescaled to alpha_prime, m_H), then apply existing SIDM halo-shape constraint machinery to replace the order-of-magnitude ellipticity check.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2101_08117_quartic_superfluid_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quartic self-interacting superfluid scalar dark matter with core fragmentation", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.08117", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical simulations exist of superfluid core thermalization and Jeans fragmentation for a repulsive-quartic complex scalar starting from NFW-like halos; the fragmentation-into-droplets prediction is a semi-analytic, uncalibrated estimate sensitive to the assumed pre-thermalization profile.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson (or wave-DM plus self-interaction) halo simulations — e.g. extend PyUltraLight or AxioNyx with the repulsive lambda|phi|^4 pressure term and a collisional thermalization treatment — initialized from NFW halos over the (m, sigma/m) plane, and calibrate the analytic R_T/R_deg/Jeans criteria against the simulated core morphology.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2004_13677_nonlinear_charged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonlinear charged dark matter with K-mouflage screening", "family": "charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.13677", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No N-body or calibrated spherical-collapse implementation exists for charged dark matter with environment-dependent K-mouflage screening, so cluster number counts, peculiar velocities, and halo self-interaction limits (the screening recast of ordinary charged-DM bounds) have no quantitative prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing screened-force N-body code (of the type built for K-mouflage/Vainshtein modified gravity) to apply the screened dark-electric force between dark matter particles only, calibrate the halo mass function, velocity statistics, and merging-cluster behavior, and recast collisionless-halo charged-DM bounds with screening included.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_11622_late_decay_self_interacting_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Late-decay self-interacting dark matter production mechanism", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11622", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear halo modeling or simulation calibration exists for the two-component ultrastrong SIDM regime at tau_S > 10 Gyr (all nonlinear structure-formation fields are unknown), so galactic-scale predictions of this regime cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological N-body/hydro simulations with a two-component dark sector (residual pseudo-WIMP plus ultrastrong-SIDM daughter produced post-recombination), scanning tau_S and the self-interaction cross section, and calibrate halo density-profile and subhalo-population responses for comparison with galactic-scale data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0805_3827_bec_scalar_field_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "BEC/SFDM self-interacting ultralight scalar dark matter for cluster collisions", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0805.3827", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical simulations exist of cluster-scale collisions of self-interacting BEC/SFDM halos: the kinetic-energy-dependent transition between soliton-like pass-through and merger with a repulsive quartic self-interaction has never been computed beyond the primary paper's qualitative analytic argument.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson / Schroedinger-Poisson solver (PyUltraLight- or AxioNyx-class) to include the lambda|phi|^4 self-interaction and run cluster-mass halo collisions over a grid in (m, lambda, v_coll, impact parameter), calibrating the pass-through/merger boundary against the Bullet Cluster and Abell 520 velocity scales.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 51, "rank_structure_formation": 28}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 16, "n_models": 16, "weight": 420.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 6, "weight_structure_formation": 169.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 6, "minor": 1, "degrades_precision": 8, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 10, "medium": 2, "major_program": 4}, "members": [{"model_id": "2312_00129_lrsm_n1_n2_diluted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal LRSM N1 dark matter with N2 entropy dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.00129", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation for the mixed cold+warm/hot N1 population is uncalibrated: the card marks halo and subhalo mass-function effects unknown, simulation_calibrated no, and the paper defers nonlinear Boltzmann corrections to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with two-component initial conditions (cold diluted N1 plus hot secondary fraction Br_N1) to calibrate a halo/subhalo mass-function fitting formula versus (m_N1, Br_N1), analogous to existing mixed-WDM suites.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_06952_electromagnetic_alp_misalignment_targets_v1", "model_name": "Electromagnetically coupled ALP misalignment dark matter targets", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.06952", "score": 35.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "For the early-matter-domination, kination, and temperature-dependent-mass variants the card records unknown small-scale power and transfer-function shape: the growth of ALP density perturbations in these nonstandard histories can put a large fraction of the local dark matter into compact minihalos, changing the smooth local density that the haloscope target bands assume, and no simulation-calibrated prediction exists for these benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Simulate ALP perturbation growth through the nonstandard era (linear Boltzmann evolution of the ALP fluid during EMD/kination plus N-body follow-up of the enhanced small-scale spectrum) to predict the minihalo mass function and the surviving smooth local ALP density fraction, and propagate that fraction into the haloscope signal targets.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_15813_thermal_squeezeout_zprime_dark_baryons_v1", "model_name": "Z' portal thermal squeezeout dark-baryon model", "family": "confining_dark_sector_thermal_squeezeout", "arxiv": "2203.15813", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The dark-baryon and glueball survival factors through the first-order confinement transition rest on a rough analytic pocket-contraction approximation; the source itself notes the maximum viable mass could move from O(10^6) to O(10^7) TeV, so the relic-abundance line carries an order-of-magnitude theory uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run dedicated numerical simulations of deconfined-pocket contraction and quark survival during the SU(3) confinement transition (bubble-wall dynamics plus quark transport, with lattice input for the surface tension and latent heat) to replace the analytic survival factor with a calibrated function of m_q/Lambda_D and R.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1205_0569_composite_sterile_dirac_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Composite sterile Dirac neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.0569", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The entropy dilution factor Delta ~ 1e4 required by the thermal variant depends on the degree of supercooling of the hidden-sector confining first-order phase transition, which is strongly coupled and was only estimated analytically; no nonperturbative calculation of the transition (latent heat, nucleation temperature, entropy release) exists for this composite sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the confinement-transition thermodynamics nonperturbatively (lattice study of the hidden gauge group's deconfinement transition, or a calibrated holographic/PNJL effective model) and couple the resulting entropy injection to the freeze-out calculation, e.g. via a CosmoTransitions-style nucleation analysis where an effective potential is available.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2204_07540_dark_monopole_fopt_v1", "model_name": "Dark 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole dark matter from first-order SU(2)_D phase transition", "family": "topological_defect_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.07540", "score": 29, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The monopole production efficiency per bubble collision (factor p) in the first-order SU(2)_D -> U(1)_D transition is unsimulated; the card notes exact production depends on bubble merging and is left to future lattice simulations, so the monopole relic abundance carries an order-of-magnitude-level normalization uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D classical lattice field-theory simulations of SU(2)_D-adjoint-scalar bubble nucleation, collision, and merging (extending existing bubble-collision lattice codes to a non-abelian gauge-adjoint system) to measure the monopole number produced per bubble as a function of wall velocity and beta/H, and fit a calibrated p(v_w, beta/H).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_18397_defect_free_dark_photon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Defect-free dark photon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.18397", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The tachyonic-resonance production of transverse dark-photon modes by the rolling scalar, including backreaction on the dark Higgs and verification that the defect-formation threshold is never crossed, is treated only with analytic estimates; no nonlinear lattice simulation of the W(phi)-coupled scalar-gauge system validates the relic abundance and momentum spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Run classical lattice simulations of the coupled runaway scalar, dark Higgs, and U(1)_D gauge field with the field-dependent kinetic function (extending a CosmoLattice-type code with W(phi) F_D^2 couplings) over the phi_0/f ~ 150-250 benchmark region to confirm defect-free production and extract the dark-photon spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1606_00794_inflaton_coupled_ultralight_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inflaton-coupled ultralight vector dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1606.00794", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No preheating simulation exists for resonant amplification of the Y_mu vector by the oscillating inflaton, so the relic abundance n_Y and its momentum spectrum — the input to every downstream observable — are only sketched qualitatively in the source.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the inflaton-U(1) system (g'''^2 Y_mu Y^mu F_0^2 coupling) in a public preheating lattice code such as CosmoLattice, or solve the linear mode equations across the resonance bands, to obtain Omega_Y and the Y momentum distribution as functions of g''' and V_0.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_03756_nonperiodic_alp_fragmentation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fragmenting non-periodic-potential axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03756", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public, reusable lattice pipeline for parametric-resonance fragmentation of the non-periodic power-law ALP potential; the paper's evolved density power spectra over the (m_a, f_a, p) plane are not released, so downstream halo predictions cannot be regenerated.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the V(phi) = m_a^2 f_a^2 [(1+phi^2/f_a^2)^p - 1]-type potential in CosmoLattice, validate against the paper's fragmentation spectra and relic-density contours, and release tabulated post-fragmentation power spectra on an (m_a, f_a, p) grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1007_1672_wimp_dark_matter_inflation_v1", "model_name": "WIMP dark matter inflation with a singlet scalar inflaton", "family": "scalar_singlet_wimp_inflation", "arxiv": "1007.1672", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic-density step assumes complete thermalization after Higgs-portal preheating, but no dedicated preheating/reheating calculation exists for this quartic inflaton with non-minimal coupling xi phi^2 R and portal g^2 phi^2 |H|^2, leaving the reheating temperature and thermalization assumption unverified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a lattice preheating simulation (e.g. CosmoLattice) of the quartic inflaton with the Higgs-portal coupling, including the non-minimal coupling in the Einstein frame, to compute the reheating temperature and confirm thermalization before freeze-out.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_02273_affleck_dine_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated Affleck-Dine Q-ball dark matter with seed PBHs", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.02273", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The gauge-mediated branch assumes the Affleck-Dine condensate inside small non-collapsing bubbles fragments into stable Q-balls with a survival fraction that saturates the dark-matter abundance, but no fragmentation simulation or charge-spectrum calculation for this inhomogeneous high-baryon-bubble environment exists, leaving the Q-ball relic abundance and mass spectrum unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations of Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation with gauge-mediated (flat) potentials inside high-baryon-bubble initial conditions to extract the Q-ball charge spectrum and surviving mass fraction as a function of c_I' and the bubble size, following existing AD fragmentation lattice studies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1211_5615_baby_zilla_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Baby-Zilla vector dark matter from electroweak bubble collisions", "family": "superheavy_higgs_portal_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.5615", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The bubble-collision production yield rests on an analytic approximation for ultrarelativistic (gamma_w ~ 10^14-10^15) electroweak bubble walls; no numerical simulation of bubble collisions with Higgs-portal particle production exists to validate or calibrate the yield in this extreme-boost regime, on which the relic abundance depends exponentially.", "proposed_resolution": "Run (semi-)classical lattice simulations of colliding runaway/elastic electroweak bubble walls coupled to a heavy Higgs-portal vector, using phase-transition parameters computed with CosmoTransitions, and fit a calibrated production-efficiency function of (gamma_w, lambda_V, M_V/T_EW) that replaces the analytic source formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_5021_chaotic_braneworld_inflaton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Chaotic braneworld inflaton-remnant dark matter", "family": "inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.5021", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No preheating simulation validates the model's central assumption that incomplete preheating through the g^2 phi^2 chi^2 coupling leaves a residual condensate of amplitude phi_* = m/g in the brane-modified expansion history; the entire relic-abundance prediction inherits this unverified analytic estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice preheating simulations (CosmoLattice or LATTICEEASY extended with the brane-modified Friedmann equation) for the quadratic inflaton plus g^2 phi^2 chi^2 coupling over the paper's (m/M_5, g) window, and extract the actual residual condensate amplitude and its variance against phi_* = m/g.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_02568_higgs_preheating_gravitational_freeze_in_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational freeze-in Dirac dark matter from Higgs preheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.02568", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No reusable lattice data products (out-of-equilibrium Higgs occupation numbers and backreaction histories over the g_quartic = (2-16)e-7, lambda_H <= 0.13 window) are public, so the gravitational freeze-in relic calculation cannot be reproduced or rescanned without redoing the nonperturbative preheating simulations.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the T-model inflaton plus Higgs parametric-resonance setup in a public lattice code such as CosmoLattice, publish tabulated Higgs phase-space distributions and endpoint energy densities over the scanned coupling grid, and couple them to a released implementation of the paper's gravitational production integrals.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_08679_two_component_baryon_scattering_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-component baryon-scattering dark matter for cool-core cluster heating", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.08679", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The long-term collisional evolution of a two-component halo with a strongly self-coupled subcomponent is uncomputed: the card notes possible relaxation toward quasi-isothermal profiles and distorted (non-thermal) velocity distributions are deferred, so the assumed thermal single-temperature fluids and persistent kinetic equilibrium in clusters are unvalidated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body/hydro simulations of cluster halos with a two-component dark sector (dominant CDM plus an f_chi subcomponent with baryon drag and dark self-scattering) to test kinetic-equilibrium maintenance, halo-core evolution, and the stability of the heating solution over cluster lifetimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1106_1182_gauge_mediated_r_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated O'Raifeartaigh R-ball dark matter", "family": "non_topological_soliton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.1182", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No numerical simulation exists of the fragmentation of an R-charged O'Raifeartaigh flat-direction condensate (with one-loop Coleman-Weinberg lifting) into R-balls, so the R-ball charge distribution and relic density Omega_R rely on analytic estimates carried over from ordinary Affleck-Dine Q-ball studies.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing 3D classical lattice scalar-field code used for Affleck-Dine Q-ball fragmentation (e.g. a CosmoLattice-type solver) to the R-charged X flat-direction potential with the paper's Coleman-Weinberg lifting and inflation-induced soft mass, extracting the R-ball charge spectrum and Omega_R(T_e) across the D1-D3 thermal domains.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph9806480_chiral_vorton_superconducting_string_dm_v1", "model_name": "Chiral vorton dark matter from Witten-type superconducting strings", "family": "topological_defect_relic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9806480", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The vorton relic density rests on a 1998 semi-analytic velocity-dependent one-scale network model with an uncalibrated vorton-formation efficiency and a density fit accurate mainly at s=0 and s=1; no modern superconducting-string network simulation calibrates loop production and current retention across the phase-transition-strength range.", "proposed_resolution": "Run field-theory or current-carrying Nambu-Goto network simulations of superconducting strings through the friction-dominated epoch to calibrate loop production and vorton-formation efficiency versus s, then refit the Omega_V(Gmu, s) coefficients and regime boundaries used in the analytic route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 52, "rank_structure_formation": 50}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Other / unclassified", "n_gaps": 17, "n_models": 17, "weight": 405.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 45.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 15, "blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 9, "medium": 6, "small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_03695_susy_b_minus_l_neutralino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric B-L neutralino LSP dark matter with metastable cosmic strings", "family": "supersymmetric_b_l_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.03695", "score": 39.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The metastable-string stochastic GW prediction (h^2 Omega_GW ~ 1e-8 at interferometer frequencies) depends on cosmic-string loop distributions and monopole-nucleation decay modeling that are not calibrated for SO(10)-embedded metastable B-L strings, which the card flags as the dominant theory uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public cosmic-string spectrum calculator to metastable strings with the sqrt(kappa) breaking parameter, calibrating the loop-number density against Nambu-Goto network simulations and quantifying the spread between loop-distribution models as a systematic band on Omega_GW(f).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09855_cmssm_stop_coannihilation_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM stop-coannihilation neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09855", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The viable strip boundary depends strongly on the Higgs-mass calculator at large A_t; the paper flags FeynHiggs 2.13.0 versus other calculators as a leading uncertainty, and only an approximate likelihood treatment exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Cross-calibrate FeynHiggs against SusyHD/HimalayaLib/FlexibleSUSY along the large-A_0 stop strip and publish a per-point Higgs-mass theory-uncertainty band to use as a Gaussian likelihood instead of a hard 125 GeV cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_higgs_portal_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS Higgs-resonance scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The mapping of the AKS scalar sector onto HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals inputs (effective couplings of the CP-mixed H1,H2,H3 and H+, plus flavor observables for the charged states) has not been constructed or validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the coupling-input translation from the AKS parameters to HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (and a 2HDM flavor tool such as SuperIso/FlavorKit for b->s gamma-type limits) and verify it reproduces the paper's benchmark acceptance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_13613_aks_heavy_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-violating AKS heavy scalar dark matter", "family": "radiative_neutrino_mass_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.13613", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The mapping of the AKS scalar sector onto HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals inputs (effective couplings of the CP-mixed H1,H2,H3 and H+, plus flavor observables for the charged states) has not been constructed or validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the coupling-input translation from the AKS parameters to HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals (and a 2HDM flavor tool such as SuperIso/FlavorKit for b->s gamma-type limits) and verify it reproduces the paper's benchmark acceptance.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1801_09855_subgut_stop_coannihilation_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-GUT stop-coannihilation neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09855", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Viability of the heavy (up to 8 TeV) sub-GUT benchmarks hinges on the FeynHiggs 2.13.0 Higgs-mass prediction in an extreme large-A-term, heavy-spectrum regime where the paper itself says corroboration by independent calculators is essential.", "proposed_resolution": "Cross-check the strip-tip Higgs mass with EFT-based calculators (SusyHD, FlexibleSUSY/HSSUSY) suited to multi-TeV spectra, quantify the inter-calculator spread, and encode it as a theory-uncertainty band in the Higgs-mass filter.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf2_v1", "model_name": "Two-flavor chiral composite asymmetric dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark hadron spectrum (m_A_prime, m_pi_prime, dark baryon masses) and the dark-baryon annihilation cross section rest on naive chiral-effective-theory scaling; no lattice calibration of this two-flavor SU(3) theory with chiral U(1)_D gauging pins down the O(1) factors that propagate into every downstream observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Reuse existing N_f=2 QCD-like lattice spectra rescaled to Lambda_D, and commission a lattice determination of the dark baryon sigma-term and annihilation matrix elements for the composite ADM regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1008_2399_hylogenesis_antibaryonic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hylogenesis antibaryonic dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.2399", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nucleon-to-meson hadronic matrix elements for the induced-nucleon-decay process are only estimated by analogy with standard nucleon decay; the specific neutron-portal flavor/spin contractions at IND momentum transfer have no calibrated values, leaving sigma_IND uncertain at the rate level.", "proposed_resolution": "Match the model's X U^c D^c D^c contractions onto the lattice-QCD nucleon-decay matrix-element basis (chiral-perturbation-theory extrapolated) and evaluate them at the IND kinematics, propagating the lattice uncertainties into the sigma_IND prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_08750_submev_scalar_mediator_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-MeV scalar-mediator dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08750", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Target-specific response functions for scalar-mediated sub-MeV scattering in the proposed low-threshold targets (semiconductors, superconductors) are not attached to the route: the analytic cross section cannot be converted into per-detector recoil rates without material form factors and energy-loss functions for this momentum-dependent light-mediator interaction.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt public electron-recoil response tools (DarkELF energy-loss functions for semiconductors and superconductors, QEDark-style crystal form factors) to the light-scalar-mediator matrix element with its 1/(q^2+m_phi^2)^2 momentum dependence, and add nuclear-recoil structure factors for the g_N-coupled case.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1702_02698_scalar_singlet_two_step_ewpt_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar singlet dark matter with two-step electroweak phase transition", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02698", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The two-step EWPT prediction (T_n, S3/T, and hence the GW amplitude) carries uncontrolled gauge and perturbative uncertainties from the daisy-resummed one-loop finite-temperature potential, which the card flags can shift T_n and GW amplitudes; no gauge-invariant or higher-order calibration of the transition exists for this two-singlet potential.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute the transition in a dimensionally reduced 3d EFT (DRalgo-style construction of the two-singlet model) to obtain gauge-invariant T_n and latent heat, and propagate the uncertainty band into the GW spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_06106_rapid_turn_multifield_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Rapid-turn multifield inflation seeded primordial black holes", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2004.06106", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The P_zeta(k) -> beta(M) -> f_PBH(M) mapping is uncalibrated for this model: the collapse threshold and the non-Gaussianity generated by the rapid turn are unquantified, and abundance is exponentially sensitive to both, so no reliable extended mass function can be produced.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the non-Gaussianity of zeta from the rapid-turn dynamics (e.g. with the transport bispectrum or delta-N on the numerical background), then apply a critical-collapse/compaction-function formation calculation with that non-Gaussian statistics to produce a calibrated beta(M) and extended f_PBH(M) for the feature shapes this mechanism generates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_05431_hidden_supersymmetric_n1_sym_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hidden supersymmetric N=1 Yang-Mills dark sector", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.05431", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The generalized Veneziano-Yankielowicz EFT that supplies the glueball/gluino-ball masses, mixing parameter alpha, and self-couplings is not calibrated against first-principles N=1 SYM results, so the predicted spectrum and sigma_DM/m_DM carry uncontrolled uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Match the gVY EFT parameters (Lambda normalization, alpha, quartic couplings) to existing lattice N=1 SYM spectrum results (e.g. the DESY-Muenster collaboration bound-state measurements) and, where scattering data are absent, run dedicated lattice or large-N_c calculations of the lightest-multiplet 2-to-2 scattering length.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0903_3945_composite_inelastic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Composite Inelastic Dark Matter", "family": "composite_inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0903.3945", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-QCD matrix elements entering the rate prediction (hyperfine splitting, meson transition form factor) are known only from analytic spin-symmetry estimates; no lattice or non-perturbative calibration of the confining SU(N_c) dark sector exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform a lattice or quark-model calculation of the heavy-light dark meson spectrum and the spin-0 to vector transition matrix element as functions of m_H/m_L and the confinement scale, and publish the results as a parameterized form-factor table for the recoil calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1604_04352_charged_q_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charged Q-ball dark matter from B and L direction", "family": "charged_q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.04352", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The response of ancient-mica track detection to slow, heavy, atom-like or negatively charged ion-like macroscopic relics is uncharacterized; the MICA flux bound F = 2.3e-20 cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 is applied under an untested assumption about stopping power and track formation for these exotic charge states.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the electronic and nuclear stopping power and etchable-track formation threshold in muscovite mica for charged Q-balls screened by captured electrons (SRIM-style energy-loss calculation adapted to macroscopic charge Z_Q ~ alpha^-1 and mass ~1e28 GeV), and republish the mica exclusion as a charge-state-dependent flux limit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_06324_flavor_broken_scalegenesis_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flavor-broken scalegenesis hidden-sector scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.06324", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The hidden-sector spectrum and effective couplings rest entirely on a mean-field approximation to the strongly coupled scale-invariant SU(N_c) scalar theory, with no lattice or other non-perturbative calibration, so the mapping from fundamental quartics to m_DM, m_L, and G_phi_h carries unquantified systematic error.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations of the SU(N_c) gauge-scalar system (or apply functional renormalization-group methods) to compute the bilinear condensate and low-lying scalar spectrum, and calibrate the mean-field masses and portal coupling against those results.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1405_6577_cmssm_q_ball_bino_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "CMSSM Q-ball bino co-genesis dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1405.6577", "score": 18.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Q-ball evaporation branching between quarks and gauginos/higgsinos, which directly sets the predicted baryon-to-dark-matter ratio, is known only to order one from analytic estimates; no simulation-calibrated treatment of Q-ball formation, charge omega_0, and decay in the relevant CMSSM flat directions exists, so the co-genesis region boundaries carry uncontrolled systematic uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations of Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation and Q-ball decay for the relevant flat directions to calibrate the charge distribution and the evaporation branching into LSPs versus quarks, and publish fitted branching functions of the CMSSM spectrum for use in the co-genesis ratio formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_field_theory_string_p_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Field-Theory String Decay WIMP dark matter with p-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from string tension Gmu to the injection amplitude q_X and power index p assumes field-theory strings decay predominantly into particles, a normalization that is only supported by limited Abelian-Higgs lattice simulations and is not encoded in any tool, so the reported Gmu bounds cannot be updated reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the (Gmu, network-decay efficiency) to (q_X, p) mapping against modern field-theory (Abelian-Higgs) lattice string-network simulations of particle emission and package it as a lookup usable by the source-term module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_field_theory_string_s_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Field-Theory String Decay WIMP dark matter with s-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from string tension Gmu to the injection amplitude q_X and power index p assumes field-theory strings decay predominantly into particles, a normalization that is only supported by limited Abelian-Higgs lattice simulations and is not encoded in any tool, so the reported Gmu bounds cannot be updated reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the (Gmu, network-decay efficiency) to (q_X, p) mapping against modern field-theory (Abelian-Higgs) lattice string-network simulations of particle emission and package it as a lookup usable by the source-term module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 53, "rank_structure_formation": 80}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "Other / unclassified", "n_gaps": 14, "n_models": 14, "weight": 370.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 8, "weight_structure_formation": 233.8, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 8, "minor": 2, "blocks_key_observables": 2, "blocks_all_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"small": 13, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1804_10249_six_flavor_quark_matter_nugget_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Six-flavor quark matter nugget dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.10249", "score": 39.75, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No digitized, reusable compilation of macroscopic-dark-matter constraints exists in (M_nugget, R_nugget or sigma_geo, f_DM) space: the card's lensing/seismic/femtolensing constraint entry has likelihood_available: no and coverage of the 1e10 g benchmark region is patchy and undigitized.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published EROS, MACHO, Subaru/HSC, femtolensing, seismic, and red-giant macro exclusion curves and package them as a maintained mass-radius constraint database (analogous to PBHbounds but with explicit cross-section dependence), including finite-size and finite-source lensing corrections relevant at R_nugget ~ 1e2 cm.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_04526_rhn_oscillation_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile right-handed-neutrino dark matter from RHN oscillations", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04526", "score": 38, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Machine-readable X-ray line limit tables (sin^2 2theta versus sterile mass from Chandra/XMM/NuSTAR searches) are not packaged with the card, so the s3 likelihood step cannot be run automatically even though the published limits exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the published X-ray line exclusion curves (including the NuSTAR limits cited in the card) as interpolable tables keyed to (M1, theta_active) for direct use in the route's likelihood step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_12405_cosmological_gauge_field_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmological gauge field dark matter", "family": "standard_model_classical_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.12405", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The supplemental SageMath/mpmath notebooks that implement the CGF equation of state and dark-star TOV solutions have no resolved URL, DOI, or archive location, so the paper's numerical results cannot currently be reproduced or validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Retrieve the supplemental material from the journal or arXiv source package, archive it with a DOI (e.g. Zenodo), and verify the OCR-degraded mass/radius units against the PDF; if the notebooks are unrecoverable, reimplement the analytic EoS plus TOV integration in a short Python script.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_12199_ckm_heavy_quark_freeze_in_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "CKM-aligned heavy-quark freeze-in ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12199", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray/gamma photon-line exclusion curves (Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, INTEGRAL, COMPTEL, EGRET) are imported at figure level and not digitized into machine-readable limit tables on tau_a(m_a), so the decay constraint cannot be re-evaluated programmatically over the model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the compiled keV-MeV decaying-dark-matter line and diffuse-continuum limits into tabulated tau_a lower bounds versus m_a (drawing on existing public compilations of X-ray/gamma decay constraints) and attach them as a lookup likelihood to the decay step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_12199_single_flavor_heavy_quark_freeze_in_alp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Single-flavor-transition heavy-quark freeze-in ALP dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12199", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The X-ray/gamma photon-line exclusion curves (Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, INTEGRAL, COMPTEL, EGRET) are imported at figure level and not digitized into machine-readable limit tables on tau_a(m_a), so the decay constraint cannot be re-evaluated programmatically over the model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the compiled keV-MeV decaying-dark-matter line and diffuse-continuum limits into tabulated tau_a lower bounds versus m_a (drawing on existing public compilations of X-ray/gamma decay constraints) and attach them as a lookup likelihood to the decay step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1008_2765_mu_negative_422_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "mu-negative 4-2-2 Yukawa-unified neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1008.2765", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable scan table or benchmark-point file for the paper's allowed regions was extracted (constraint caveat: 'No machine-readable scan table was extracted'), so the quoted benchmark classes and the ~43 GeV lightest-neutralino point cannot be reproduced or recast without regenerating the scan from scratch.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the paper's benchmark tables and allowed-region plots into a machine-readable point list (input parameters m_16, m_10, M_2, M_3, A_0, tan_beta, sign(mu) plus spectra), or regenerate the scan with the documented ISAJET 7.80 setup and archive the accepted points.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_05684_millicharged_subcomponent_massless_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged dark matter subcomponent with a massless dark photon", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.05684", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Existing CERN/FNAL LSW limits and projected Dark SRF sensitivity contours in (epsilon, m_chi, e_D, n_chi,local) space exist only as figures in the primary paper (ReachPlot1e3, ReachPlotNX) and have not been digitized into machine-readable sensitivity tables or a likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published LSW exclusion and Dark SRF projection contours into tabulated sensitivity curves, and wrap them with the analytic cavity signal-power formula as a reusable recast/likelihood module keyed to laboratory mCP density as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2402_13924_r_symmetric_gut_higgs_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-symmetric GUT Higgs inflation PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2402.13924", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The benchmark parameter tables were not reliably preserved by OCR, so the superpotential couplings, Kahler coefficients, and initial conditions defining the two all-dark-matter benchmark points are not machine-readable in the registry.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-extract the benchmark tables from the original arXiv:2402.13924 PDF and store the parameter values as structured registry data before any numeric reproduction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0502222_bstv_scalar_oscillation_cdm_v1", "model_name": "BSTV scalar-field oscillation cold dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0502222", "score": 25, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The outer-solar-system anomalous-acceleration prediction is tied to the historical Pioneer signal; no modern ephemeris or spacecraft-tracking constraint has been recast onto the scalar-vector coupling parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast current planetary-ephemeris and spacecraft Doppler bounds on constant anomalous accelerations (post-thermal-recoil Pioneer analyses) onto the model's coupling parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2102_03631_fnpq_dfsz_type_ii_flavored_axion_v1", "model_name": "FNPQ DFSZ type-II flavored axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.03631", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized haloscope (ADMX and successors) and stellar/astrophysical exclusion curves or packaged likelihood are available in the card to compare against the specific FNPQ coupling line g_a_gamma(m_a) with E/N=28/15; the paper's constraints were quoted, not rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the ADMX Phase IIa/Gen-2 and stellar-cooling limit curves in the (m_a, g_a_gamma) plane (e.g. from the published exclusion figures), implement the E/N=28/15 FNPQ coupling line as a one-line analytic module, and package an interpolated exclusion/likelihood test over 5e10 < f_a < 1e15 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1611_08341_minimal_so10_bino_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal SUSY SO(10) benchmark with bino-like neutralino dark matter", "family": "neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1611.08341", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No benchmark input files (SLHA-style GUT-scale input cards with the flavor-dependent soft terms and SO(10) Yukawa-fit inputs) are released, so the paper's sparticle spectrum cannot be reproduced through SOFTSUSY without reverse-engineering the benchmark tables.", "proposed_resolution": "Parse the paper benchmark tables into SLHA input cards for SOFTSUSY 3.7.3, verify against the printed spectrum, and store the validated cards in the registry as the reproducibility artifact for this model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_16090_superweak_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.16090", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The NA64 missing-energy bound translated to the super-weak coupling, g_z^max(M_Zprime), exists only as an undigitized figure in the primary paper, so the main laboratory exclusion cannot be applied numerically to model points.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published NA64 dark-photon epsilon(m_A') limit and redo the translation to U(1)_z charges analytically (rescaling the electron coupling), producing a tabulated g_z^max(M_Zprime) curve for the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_05420_feeton_b_minus_l_threshold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Near-threshold feeton B-L gauge boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05420", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card carries only a placeholder recovery route, observable, and constraint: the model's actual observational channels (Galactic 511-keV line from the near-threshold e+e- branch, low-energy neutrino flux from feeton -> nu nu-bar decay, and the B-mode falsification of the inflationary production scenario) were never extracted into structured routes, so no real forward-model chain is encoded to evaluate.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the full enrichment pipeline on the primary paper (2310.05420) to encode dedicated routes for the 511-keV line flux, the diffuse neutrino flux from feeton decay, and the H_inf/B-mode consistency check, each with explicit forward-model steps and constraint links.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_03837_u1x_dark_photon_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "keV U(1)_X dark photon dark matter subcomponent", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_photon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.03837", "score": 14.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card itself is a recovery placeholder: its single constraint is a limitation record, its route performs no physics, and related-paper citation enrichment (real observables, constraints, likelihood references for the keV dark-photon window such as X-ray and stellar-cooling limits) was never completed.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the normal enrichment pipeline on paper 2312_03837 for this variant to populate genuine observables, constraints, and routes from the paper text and its citation network before gap analysis is treated as final.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 54, "rank_structure_formation": 38}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "GW detector forecasts & likelihoods (LIGO/LISA/ET)", "n_gaps": 14, "n_models": 14, "weight": 337.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 5, "weight_structure_formation": 110.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 9, "minor": 3, "degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 6, "large": 6, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2404_03963_qcd_like_dark_pion_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-like dark-pion forbidden dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_pion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.03963", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The order and thermodynamics of the dark SU(3) three-flavor confinement/chiral transition with the paper's quark masses are unknown, so no gravitational-wave spectrum can be computed for the exact model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a finite-temperature lattice study of the SU(3) dark sector at the relevant m/Lambda_d to determine the transition order and latent heat, then map (alpha_PT, beta/H) through standard phase-transition GW templates (e.g. PTPlot/CosmoTransitions-style pipelines) to observatory sensitivities.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_04848_starobinsky_scalar_preheating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-inflaton scalar dark matter from dark-sector preheating", "family": "nonthermal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04848", "score": 28, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model-specific stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum has been computed for the Starobinsky dark-preheating fragmentation; the GW observable is currently a qualitative recast from related preheating studies with different potentials.", "proposed_resolution": "Use the gravitational-wave module of a lattice code (e.g. CosmoLattice GW extraction) on the same preheating simulation as gap_1 to compute Omega_GW(f) for the benchmark couplings, then redshift to today and compare with high-frequency detector concepts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_04788_su2l_asymmetric_dark_matter_gravitational_waves_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_ell asymmetric dark matter with first-order phase transition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.04788", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nearly degenerate Z2-related vacua of the SU(2)_ell scalar potential can form domain walls, but no calculation or simulation of the wall network's formation, annihilation time as a function of the vacuum-energy splitting Delta V, and gravitational-wave contribution exists for this model, leaving obs_vacuum_domain_wall_caveat unevaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply the standard biased-domain-wall evolution formalism (wall tension from the computed potential, annihilation temperature set by Delta V versus tension, and existing lattice-calibrated Omega_GW fitting formulae for collapsing wall networks) to the m12_squared parameter space, adding the wall signal and cosmological-safety bound to the GW pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1610_06931_su_n_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pure SU(N) glueball dark matter with dark SU(N) stars", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1610.06931", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No calculation exists of the formation, abundance, and binary merger rate of dark SU(N) stars from primordial perturbations, so the gravitational-wave observable cannot be turned into a detection forecast or likelihood even where f_max falls in the LIGO/LISA bands.", "proposed_resolution": "Run structure-formation simulations (or semi-analytic Press-Schechter-style collapse estimates) of the self-interacting glueball fluid to obtain a DSS mass function and binary fraction, then fold the resulting merger-rate density into standard compact-binary GW search sensitivity pipelines.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_15920_long_lived_axion_domain_wall_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived axion domain wall dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.15920", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated gravitational-wave spectrum Omega_GW(f) from the collapsing biased wall network exists: the lattice simulation lacks a transverse-traceless stress-energy extraction, so only order-of-magnitude analytic estimates of the stochastic background are possible.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a GW module (TT-projected anisotropic-stress evolution, as in CosmoLattice's GW extension) to the domain-wall simulation and calibrate a spectral template in (sigma_DW, t_decay, epsilon) covering the collapse phase.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1710_00305_plateau_string_axion_ula_dm_v1", "model_name": "Plateau-potential string axion ultralight dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1710.00305", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No lattice simulation of the plateau-axion field's nonlinear fragmentation exists, so the resonance duration, oscillon formation, and the sourced gravitational-wave spectrum are only qualitative; the linear estimates cease to be valid exactly where the observables become interesting.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a campaign of 3+1D expanding-background lattice simulations (e.g. in CosmoLattice) of the attractor plateau potential over a grid of (alpha, phi_i/f, x_osc), extracting fragmentation time, oscillon abundance and lifetimes, and the stochastic GW spectrum with energy-conservation checks.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_08425_axiverse_early_collapse_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axiverse early-collapse QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.08425", "score": 24.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dedicated simulation of a two-axion (mixed mass eigenstate) string-domain-wall network with heavy-axion-triggered early collapse exists to calibrate the string-radiated QCD-axion yield and the emitted gravitational-wave spectrum; the card relies on analytic scaling estimates and a MiMeS-style misalignment piece only.", "proposed_resolution": "Run field-theory lattice simulations of a two-axion string-wall system parameterized by (Q_ni, Lambda_2, f_a1, f_a2), extending existing single-axion axion-string network codes to include the second potential term, and extract the axion emission spectrum, collapse temperature T_coll, and Omega_GW(f) template.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_02347_cosmic_selection_rule_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-selection-rule SU(N)d glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02347", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The compact-object gravitational-wave observable cannot be evaluated: no calculation exists of whether and how strongly self-interacting glueballs in this parameter space form compact dark objects, nor of the resulting merger rate and strain signal.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt existing dissipative/self-interacting dark-matter collapse simulations and boson-star structure calculations to the glueball scalar potential to determine the compact-object mass function, then fold into standard compact-binary merger-rate and LIGO/LISA sensitivity estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1806_04690_string_moduli_star_compact_object_dm_v1", "model_name": "String moduli star compact-object dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04690", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "Numerical-relativity simulations of dense moduli-star dynamics, mergers, and oscillating configurations, needed to predict gravitational-wave morphology and the stochastic-background amplitude, do not exist for this potential; only characteristic frequencies are estimated analytically.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Einstein-Klein-Gordon numerical-relativity merger and perturbation simulations (e.g. with the public GRChombo or Einstein Toolkit scalar-field infrastructure) for representative (m, lambda_3, g) benchmarks, extracting waveforms and per-event GW energy to normalize a stochastic-background estimate given a population model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_07324_multi_waterfall_hybrid_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Multi-waterfall hybrid-inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.07324", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The defect-sourced gravitational-wave component (textures/global defects of the broken O(N) waterfall sector) claimed as LISA-observable has no calculational tool on the card; only the scalar-induced component maps onto existing calculators.", "proposed_resolution": "Run classical lattice field-theory simulations of the O(N) waterfall sector after the transition (or adapt existing global-defect GW scaling results) to compute the texture-sourced Omega_GW(f) for the model's symmetry-breaking scale, and combine it with the SIGWfast-class induced-GW spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_11775_so10_pseudo_goldstone_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) pseudo-Goldstone dark matter with 126_H and 16_H singlets", "family": "pseudo_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.11775", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, simulation-calibrated code exists for the gravitational-wave spectrum of domain walls bounded by strings from the staged Z2 breaking (126_H strings later bounded by 16_H walls); the prediction rests on the paper's semi-analytic loop-distribution and collapse-time model, whose network-modeling uncertainties the card flags as dominating the observational translation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the walls-bounded-by-strings spectrum (loop distribution, wall tension, collapse time t_*) as a reusable Omega_GW(f; Gmu, sigma_wall) module, and calibrate its loop/network parameters against dedicated field-theory lattice simulations of hybrid string-wall networks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_17390_cosmic_string_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark photon dark matter from cosmic string loop decay", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.17390", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated string-network simulation covers the nearly-global gauged U(1) regime of this model: the loop production function and the cusp/kink gravitational-wave versus massive-dark-photon emission branching are both taken from assumptions the source itself flags as uncertain, so neither the loop distribution (s1) nor Omega_GW(f) (s3) can be computed reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Abelian-Higgs lattice field-theory string-network simulations in the small-gauge-coupling (nearly global) limit, extract the loop production function and the partition of loop energy loss between gravitational waves and massive dark-photon radiation as a function of m and v, and fit a loop-emission parameterization that plugs into the analytic abundance and Omega_GW formulas.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_liouville_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Liouville-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No merger waveforms exist for binary boson stars with the Liouville potential: GW detectability is asserted only from equilibrium mass and compactness, with no numerical-relativity or perturbative waveform model to distinguish these mergers from black-hole binaries in LIGO/Virgo searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity binary boson-star mergers for a few benchmark compactness values of the Liouville potential (extending existing complex-scalar BNS-style NR setups), and fit an inspiral-merger template or at least tidal-deformability corrections usable in LIGO/Virgo parameter estimation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_logarithmic_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Logarithmic-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No merger waveforms exist for binary boson stars with the logarithmic potential: GW detectability is inferred only from equilibrium mass and compactness, with no numerical-relativity or perturbative waveform model to distinguish such mergers from black-hole binaries in LIGO/Virgo searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Run numerical-relativity binary boson-star mergers for benchmark compactness values of the logarithmic potential (extending existing complex-scalar NR merger setups) and fit inspiral-merger templates or tidal-deformability corrections usable in LIGO/Virgo parameter estimation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 55, "rank_structure_formation": 59}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 13, "n_models": 13, "weight": 337.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 39.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 3, "minor": 2, "degrades_precision": 8}, "effort_counts": {"small": 12, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_01249_light_radion_freeze_in_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Light radion freeze-in dark matter in an RS/SBSI model", "family": "radion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.01249", "score": 44.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized ALP-like photon-decay exclusion curves (WMAP, EBL, galactic X-ray) or short-range fifth-force exclusion curves are attached to the card, so the radion lifetime and coupling cannot be numerically compared against the constraints the paper invokes.", "proposed_resolution": "Import digitized decaying-ALP X-ray/EBL/WMAP limits (e.g. from the public AxionLimits compilation) rescaled by the radion's sub-unity dark-matter fraction, and digitize the standard Yukawa-parameterized fifth-force exclusion plot; store both as reusable limit files keyed to (m_radion, g_radion).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2205_06821_neutrino_coupled_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-coupled ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.06821", "score": 39, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The combined exclusion contours in the (m_phi, y_phi) plane, including the headline y_phi ~ 1e-30 fuzzy-regime reach, exist only as figures in the primary paper and are not available as machine-readable data for reuse or validation.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the paper's combined exclusion figure per flavor/channel and store the contours as tabulated (m_phi, y_phi) curves in the registry for validation of the gap_1 and gap_2 pipelines.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2209_03231_cp_even_sgoldstino_wave_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-even sgoldstino wave-like dark matter", "family": "sgoldstino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.03231", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The experiment-specific sensitivity curves needed to bound M_gamma/F are not available as machine-readable products: the atomic-clock, optical-spectroscopy, and radio-frequency oscillating-alpha limits are cited only as published figures requiring original data extraction, so the recasting step cannot be run numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the digitized scalar-photon (d_e-type) exclusion curves from the public AxionLimits/scalar-DM compilations plus the cited spectroscopy papers, and implement the linear mapping between the generic d_e coupling and the sgoldstino M_gamma/F (and hence sqrt(F)), with f_phi rescaling for subcomponent scenarios.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_07362_stochastic_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Stochastic QCD axion dark matter scenario", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.07362", "score": 33, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Astrophysical exclusion curves (SN1987A, stellar cooling, black-hole superradiance) and low-mass haloscope/spin-precession sensitivity curves are only quoted qualitatively; no digitized limit curves are attached to the card for overlaying on the stochastic window in the (m_a, f_a) plane.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the relevant digitized exclusion and projection curves from the public AxionLimits compilation (stellar cooling, SN1987A, superradiance, CASPEr, DM Radio, ABRACADABRA) and store them as (m_a, g_a) limit data mapped onto the stochastic (m_a, f_a) window with standard QCD-axion coupling relations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_00702_mirror_electron_sequential_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Mirror electron sequential freeze-in dark matter", "family": "mirror_sector_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.00702", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Bounds on fractionally charged mirror-hadron relics exist only as qualitative flux and terrestrial estimates with order-of-magnitude uncertainties acknowledged by the paper; no compiled, quantitative limit set on exotic charged-hadron abundance versus mass is available for a reproducible viability check.", "proposed_resolution": "Compile existing fractionally-charged-particle and anomalous-heavy-isotope search results into a structured abundance-versus-mass exclusion table (AxionLimits-style repository) applicable to mirror up-quark bound states, with documented assumptions about their terrestrial accumulation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_04809_alp_cogenesis_v1", "model_name": "ALP cogenesis", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.04809", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No curated, up-to-date set of experimental limit curves and (where published) likelihoods for axion photon, nucleon, and electron couplings is attached to the model, so the cogenesis m_a-f_a coupling bands can only be compared against the 2020-era bounds redrawn in the primary paper rather than a maintained global recast including newer results such as the ORGAN Phase 1a/1b windows.", "proposed_resolution": "Ingest a maintained digitized limit compilation (AxionLimits-style curves for CAST, ADMX, ABRACADABRA, ORGAN, CASPEr, LUX, stellar-cooling bounds and IAXO/DM Radio projections) into registry limit tables keyed to g_a_gamma, g_aNN, g_aee, and implement a small overlay/recast script that intersects them with the analytic cogenesis bands as functions of m_a and the anomaly coefficients.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_06071_qcd_axion_hilltop_phase_shift_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion hilltop dark matter from heavy-axion phase shift", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.06071", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Digitized experiment sensitivity curves (ORGAN, MADMAX, TOORAD, IAXO) in the (m_a, g_a_gamma) plane are not attached to the card, so the meV-window search overlay cannot be evaluated numerically for arbitrary axion-photon coupling assumptions.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the machine-readable reach curves from the public AxionLimits compilation for ORGAN, MADMAX, TOORAD, and IAXO and store them as registry data products, with the KSVZ/DFSZ coupling band parameterized so the overlay can be recomputed for any anomaly coefficient.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_17099_type_ii_2hdm_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Type-II extended 2HDM QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17099", "score": 22.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No haloscope exclusion-curve data is integrated: the card quotes only experiment mass windows (ADMX 2.7-4.2 micro-eV, CAPP, MADMAX, KLASH, ABRACADABRA), not coupling-limit curves, so covered/excluded flags cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Ingest the publicly maintained AxionLimits compilation of haloscope g_a_gamma(m_a) exclusion and projection curves into the registry comparison step and score the model's g_a_gamma(F_a) line (from gap_1) against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2102_03631_fnpq_dfsz_type_i_flavored_axion_v1", "model_name": "FNPQ DFSZ type-I flavored axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.03631", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The ADMX haloscope and stellar/astrophysical axion exclusion curves are not digitized or connected to the FNPQ coupling line (E/N = 28/15), so the model's (m_a, g_a_gamma) trajectory cannot be quantitatively compared to existing and projected search reach; no likelihood is available for any constraint on the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the community AxionLimits digitized exclusion/projection curves (ADMX phases, stellar and helioscope bounds) and overlay the FNPQ line g_a_gamma(f_a; E/N=28/15) with the relic-preferred f_a interval, upgrading to the published ADMX likelihoods where releases exist.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2008_10650_331_svs_invisible_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Minimal SVS 3-3-1 invisible axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2008.10650", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The route to haloscope/helioscope comparisons stops at step s3 because no digitized g_a_gamma(m_a) exclusion curves or limit database are attached to the card; the ADMX 2.81-3.31 micro-eV curve and the review-level stellar/cosmological compilations exist in the literature but are not available as machine-readable assets for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Ingest a public digitized axion-limit compilation (AxionLimits-style g_a_gamma vs m_a curves for ADMX, IAXO, ABRACADABRA, MADMAX and stellar bounds) into the registry and implement a simple coupling-vs-limit comparison for the 3-3-1 anomaly-ratio benchmarks.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_i_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_I with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The axion-photon exclusion curves and projections (CAST, ADMX, CAPP, HAYSTAC, QUAX, ORGAN, IAXO) used to test the B_I g_Agamma target are only available as compiled plots in the source; no digitized limit tables are attached to the card, so the E/N=2-suppressed coupling cannot be checked programmatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the community-maintained digitized axion-photon limit compilation (AxionLimits-style tables) for the relevant haloscope/helioscope experiments and attach it as machine-readable limit data keyed to (m_A, g_Agamma), evaluated at the variant's E/N.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_ii_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_II with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The axion-photon exclusion curves and projections (CAST, ADMX, CAPP, HAYSTAC, QUAX, ORGAN, IAXO) used to test the B_II g_Agamma target are only available as compiled plots in the source; no digitized limit tables are attached to the card, so the E/N=2-suppressed coupling cannot be checked programmatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the community-maintained digitized axion-photon limit compilation (AxionLimits-style tables) for the relevant haloscope/helioscope experiments and attach it as machine-readable limit data keyed to (m_A, g_Agamma), evaluated at the variant's E/N.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11645_susy_dfsz_base_b_iii_mixed_axion_neutralino_v1", "model_name": "SUSY DFSZ axion base model B_III with mixed axion/neutralino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11645", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The axion-photon exclusion curves and projections (CAST, ADMX, CAPP, HAYSTAC, QUAX, ORGAN, IAXO) used to test the B_III g_Agamma target are only available as compiled plots in the source; no digitized limit tables are attached to the card, so the E/N=2-suppressed coupling cannot be checked programmatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the community-maintained digitized axion-photon limit compilation (AxionLimits-style tables) for the relevant haloscope/helioscope experiments and attach it as machine-readable limit data keyed to (m_A, g_Agamma), evaluated at the variant's E/N.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 56, "rank_structure_formation": 86}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "21-cm signal modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 13, "n_models": 13, "weight": 322.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 39.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 10, "blocks_all_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 12, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_subcomponent_lmutau_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged dark matter subcomponent with L_mu-L_tau vector depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the cosmic-dawn baryon/dark-matter coupled thermal history for a millicharged subcomponent (fraction f_DM with Coulomb-like velocity-dependent scattering) through to the global 21-cm brightness temperature; the scattering_cooling step has no implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled T_b, T_chi, v_rel evolution equations for f_DM-fraction Coulomb-type (v^-4) scattering as a standalone ODE module or an extension of a global 21-cm code such as 21cmFAST/ARES, validated against the Munoz-Loeb published cooling curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_hidden_scalar_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged Dirac dark matter with hidden-scalar depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the cosmic-dawn baryon/dark-matter coupled thermal history for a millicharged subcomponent (fraction f_DM with Coulomb-like velocity-dependent scattering) through to the global 21-cm brightness temperature; the scattering_cooling step has no implementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the coupled T_b, T_chi, v_rel evolution equations for f_DM-fraction Coulomb-type (v^-4) scattering as a standalone ODE module or an extension of a global 21-cm code such as 21cmFAST/ARES, validated against the Munoz-Loeb published cooling curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_10096_charge_sequestration_charged_x_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charge-sequestration charged-X dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.10096", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public recombination/thermal-history code includes a stable sequestered negative charge epsilon_X r_X in the charge-neutrality condition, so the suppressed free-electron fraction x_e(z), earlier baryon cooling T_g(z), and resulting global 21 cm brightness temperature T_21 cannot be computed with released tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend HyRec or the RECFAST module in CLASS to solve the recombination network with x_p = x_e + epsilon_X r_X and the modified Compton/adiabatic cooling of the gas, then feed x_e(z), T_g(z) into a global 21 cm calculator (e.g. ARES) to produce T_21(z) at cosmic dawn; validate against the epsilon_X r_X ~ 1e-4 benchmark of the paper.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_vector_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal vector millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 27.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public packaged code maps a millicharged DM subcomponent (f_DM about 0.003-0.02, epsilon about 1e-6 to 1e-4, m_V of 13.6-80 MeV) with velocity-dependent Coulomb-like scattering on hydrogen, electrons, and protons to a global 21-cm brightness-temperature prediction at z ~ 17; the route's key step is a semi-analytic cooling model that is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public global-21cm framework (e.g. ARES or a released Munoz-Loeb-type DM-baryon fluid code) with the fraction-dependent millicharged drag/heating terms, including relative-velocity dependence and the residual-electron coupling, exposing (f_DM, epsilon, m_V) as inputs and returning T21(z).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_scalar_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal scalar millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward model converts (f_DM, epsilon, m_phi) into a global 21-cm brightness temperature for a millicharged subcomponent: the velocity-dependent Coulomb-like scattering with hydrogen, residual electrons, and protons must be evolved through recombination to cosmic dawn together with baryon temperature and bulk relative velocities, and no such code is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the DM-baryon fluid cooling equations with the sigma proportional to v^-4 millicharged cross section (Munoz-Loeb-style treatment including relative bulk velocities and Coulomb heating of the DM subcomponent) coupled to a global-signal astrophysics model, exposing f_DM, epsilon, and m_phi as inputs and T21(z about 17) as output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_04955_z3_leptophilic_co_simp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z3 leptophilic Co-SIMP dark matter for global 21-cm cosmology", "family": "co_simp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.04955", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public release of the Co-SIMP-modified RECFAST thermal-history and CLASS perturbation code implementing the DM + e -> DM + DM + e heat-exchange terms (parameters <sigma v>_2to3, alpha, sigma_int), so none of the 21-cm or CMB/BAO predictions can be reproduced.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-implement the paper's Co-SIMP energy-exchange terms as a public patch: add the 2-to-3 electron-coupled cooling term to the RECFAST/HyRec thermal equations and the sigma_int, alpha dependence to the CLASS baryon temperature and perturbation sector, validated against the paper's EDGES band and near-flat Planck/BAO posteriors.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_04426_condensed_axion_cooling_v1", "model_name": "Condensed-phase axion/ALP dark-matter cooling scenario", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.04426", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public 21 cm thermal-history/global-signal code includes an axion-BEC hydrogen cooling term, so T_gas(z) and T_21(z) with the extra cooling cannot be computed end-to-end for comparison with EDGES-like profiles.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a parameterized extra-cooling term (amplitude, onset redshift, scaling) to a public global-signal code such as ARES or a RECFAST/21cmFAST-based thermal-history module, and expose (m_a, Omega_a/Omega_DM, z_cool) as inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2010_13504_ulap_oscillon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ULAP oscillon dark matter", "family": "ultralight_axion_like_oscillon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2010.13504", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public 21 cm forest forward model and likelihood exists for this scenario: the pipeline from P(k) with an oscillon Poisson component to minihalo mass functions, absorption-line abundances, and a statistical comparison against (currently nonexistent) z~10 forest data is not implemented anywhere the card can point to, and the required high-redshift radio-loud background sources have not yet been observed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a 21 cm forest minihalo calculator (press-Schechter-style mass function from the modified P(k), minihalo optical-depth profiles as a function of T_IGM, line-abundance statistics) and wrap it as an SKA-era forecast likelihood, upgradable to a data likelihood once high-redshift radio-loud sources are detected.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_14996_late_decay_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Late-decay two-component millicharged dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.14996", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public thermal-history solver evolves a two-component dark sector with late Z1 -> chi chi decay after recombination sourcing a millicharged daughter population that cools baryons through v^-4 Coulomb-like scattering; the paper's ODE integration is private.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public DM-baryon temperature-evolution code (the Munoz-type millicharged 21cm cooling codes or CLASS with the dmeff/interacting-DM module) with a decay source term for n_chi(z) set by tau_Z1 and the Z1-2chi splitting, evolving T_b, T_chi, and the relative bulk velocity self-consistently.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_10094_minicharged_subcomponent_dm_v1", "model_name": "Subpercent minicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.10094", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The velocity-modulated 21-cm fluctuation observable has no forward model: computing T21_rms requires sampling the Maxwellian v_chi_b streaming-velocity distribution across patches inside a 21-cm semi-numerical code, which is not implemented for the minicharged-subcomponent cooling.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the patch-level thermal-history solver from gap_1 to 21cmFAST by tabulating T_b(z; v_chi_b) over the streaming-velocity distribution and generating T21 fluctuation maps and power spectra at z ~ 17.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_06680_elder_self_interacting_21cm_dm_v1", "model_name": "ELDER self-interacting dark matter with 21-cm heating and cooling", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.06680", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No thermal-history solver combines velocity-dependent DM-baryon heat exchange with ELDER-specific 2->2 elastic self-scattering and 3->2 cannibal self-annihilation heating in the dark-sector temperature equations through cosmic dawn.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing public DM-baryon T_chi/T_b ODE solver (Munoz-Loeb-style cosmic-dawn code or the interacting-DM branch of 21cmFAST) with the 3->2 number-changing heating term and 2->2 self-thermalization, parameterized by m_chi, sigma0, n, and the two self-couplings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_04955_z3_semi_annihilating_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Z3 semi-annihilating dark matter for global 21-cm cosmology", "family": "semi_annihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.04955", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The modified RECFAST/CLASS implementation of Z3 semi-annihilation energy injection (sigma_int, f) and the accompanying excess radio-background parameterization used for the EDGES fit are not publicly released, so the 21-cm and CMB/BAO predictions cannot be recomputed.", "proposed_resolution": "Release or re-implement a public patch adding the SADM energy-injection term to the RECFAST/HyRec thermal equations and the sigma_int, f dependence to CLASS, together with the ARCADE-2-style radio-background module, validated against the paper's M_DM = 50 and 100 GeV EDGES curves and the Planck/BAO consistency result.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06611_millicharged_dirac_neutrino_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Subcomponent millicharged Dirac dark matter with neutrino annihilation", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06611", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No maintained public code propagates the velocity-dependent (v^-4) millicharged-baryon scattering of a small subcomponent through gas thermal evolution to the cosmic-dawn 21 cm brightness temperature, including the baryon-DM relative-velocity distribution and consistency with the freeze-out-derived fraction.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing baryon-DM thermal-evolution implementation (the Munoz-type coupled gas/DM temperature equations used in modified 21cmFAST/global-signal codes) to take (m_chi, epsilon, f_chi) from the freeze-out module and output T_gas(z) and the global 21 cm brightness temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 57, "rank_structure_formation": 87}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Sterile-neutrino production solver", "n_gaps": 13, "n_models": 13, "weight": 311.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 10, "weight_structure_formation": 236.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 12, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 12, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1702_04526_rhn_oscillation_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile right-handed-neutrino dark matter from RHN oscillations", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.04526", "score": 38, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The full N1 momentum distribution from nonresonant RHN-RHN oscillation production is not derived or tabulated; the card gives only an approximate average momentum (p1/T about 2.8 with subsequent entropy redshifting), which is insufficient input for a Boltzmann transfer-function calculation and for a precise free-streaming bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the momentum-dependent density-matrix/Boltzmann equations for RHN oscillation production (extending a sterile-neutrino production code such as sterile-dm from the active-sterile Dodelson-Widrow source to the heavy-RHN oscillation source), tabulate f(p) including pre-QCD entropy dilution, and pass it to CLASS as an ncdm distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1407_2739_extra_dimensional_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Extra-dimensional sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1407.2739", "score": 32.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-abundance and momentum-distribution calculation exists for the full KK tower of sterile neutrinos: the paper only quotes single-mode Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller scalings, while the model requires summing production over many nearly degenerate KK modes with mode-number-suppressed mixings, which the paper explicitly leaves beyond scope.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public sterile-neutrino production Boltzmann code (e.g. the Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller solver in sterile-dm) to sum production over the KK tower with mode-dependent mixings theta_n and optional lepton asymmetry, outputting Omega_s and the nonthermal f(p) needed to normalize decay-line and WDM constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1110_6382_a4_fn_seesaw_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "A4 Froggatt-Nielsen seesaw sterile-neutrino warm dark matter model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1110.6382", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No relic-production calculation is committed to for the keV sterile neutrino: the card uses the Dodelson-Widrow abundance relation only as a guideline, and no phase-space distribution f(p) is available, which is the required input for both the abundance and the free-streaming/Ly-alpha prediction.", "proposed_resolution": "Select and solve an explicit production mechanism (non-resonant DW, Shi-Fuller resonant, or freeze-in from a heavy scalar) with a public sterile-neutrino production solver such as the Venumadhav et al. sterile-dm code, outputting Omega_s and f(p) as functions of M_s and theta_s for the FN-predicted parameter region.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_5431_kev_sterile_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter with radiative decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.5431", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No production-specific momentum distribution f(q) is available for this card: the paper lists oscillation, Higgs-decay, and low-scale-inflaton production but tabulates no distribution, so the production-aware transfer function needed for the free-streaming observable cannot be computed for the non-oscillation mechanisms.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute f(q) with the public sterile-dm code for the oscillation (Dodelson-Widrow/Shi-Fuller) channel, derive the decay-kinematics f(q) for Higgs and inflaton production analytically, and feed each into the CLASS ncdm module to produce tabulated transfer functions over (m_s, production mechanism).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1110_6382_effective_a4_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Effective A4 model with one keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter state", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1110.6382", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic-production mechanism for the added keV sterile state is unspecified (Dodelson-Widrow is only a guideline), so neither Omega_s nor the momentum distribution f(p) needed for the transfer-function cutoff is actually computed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Fix a production scenario compatible with the effective A4 setup (non-resonant DW, resonant production, or scalar freeze-in as the card's allowed-regions text suggests) and solve the production Boltzmann equation with an existing public sterile-neutrino production code, delivering Omega_s(m_s, theta_s) and f(p).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_11248_superweak_sterile_neutrino_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Super-weak U(1) sterile neutrino dark matter (freeze-in variant)", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.11248", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal N1 phase-space distribution f(q) from out-of-equilibrium Z-prime production and decay has not been derived; the paper solves only integrated abundances, so the warmth of the keV freeze-in spectrum and its half-mode scale are unknown and all structure-formation statements on the card are 'unknown'.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for f(q,T) with the Z-prime decay source term (as done in existing sterile-neutrino codes like sterile-dm for the DW/Shi-Fuller cases), then feed the resulting f(q) into CLASS's ncdm sector to obtain the transfer function and half-mode mass.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1605_00991_gauge_b_l_multipartite_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauge B-L radiative neutrino mass multipartite dark matter", "family": "multipartite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1605.00991", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The production mechanism, relic fraction, and momentum distribution f(p) of the keV S prime warm component are underived: the card gives only a seesaw-suppressed mass and loop-suppressed active mixing, with distribution_function_available unknown, so its warm-dark-matter phenomenology has no defined input.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive S prime production in this model (Dodelson-Widrow-like production through the loop-induced active mixing and/or freeze-in via the B-L gauge boson), solve the momentum-dependent Boltzmann equation with a sterile-dm-style code to obtain the warm fraction and f(p), and map the result to a thermal-equivalent transfer-function cutoff.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_1525_u1r_sterile_neutrino_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_R lepton-number model with keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1525", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic production mechanism and momentum distribution f(p) of the sterile-neutrino neutralino eigenstate are not calculated anywhere on the card, so neither the relic abundance nor the warm-DM free-streaming cutoff can be evaluated for the U(1)_R model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dominant production channel in the U(1)_R setup (non-resonant Dodelson-Widrow oscillation production at the quoted mixing, checked with the public sterile-dm code, plus any freeze-in through the Higgs/neutralino sector), output the abundance and f(p), and feed the distribution to CLASS's ncdm sector for the transfer function.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0504096_bulk_shortcut_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Bulk-shortcut sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0504096", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological evolution of the brane-shortcut parameter epsilon(T) (equivalently E_res(T)) under early-Universe density and temperature is only asserted qualitatively; without this function neither BBN equilibration nor resonant sterile production can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive epsilon(T) from the paper's brane-fluctuation metric in a radiation-dominated FRW background, publishing a parameterized E_res(T) that can be fed into a quantum kinetic production calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1107_3829_a4_split_seesaw_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "A4 split-seesaw keV sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1107.3829", "score": 20.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card provides no production mechanism, relic abundance calculation, or momentum distribution for the keV sterile neutrino (relic fraction unknown, f(p) not provided, structure-formation entries all unknown), so the predicted X-ray flux normalization, which scales with the N1 abundance, and any warm-dark-matter assessment are undetermined.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the N1 abundance and phase-space distribution for the split-seesaw parameter point, e.g. compute Dodelson-Widrow production at the bounded mixing with the public sterile-dm transport code or derive the model's non-thermal production channel (heavy-state/flavon decays), then record Omega_s h^2 and f(p) so the X-ray flux and free-streaming scale can be normalized.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0609081_higgs_singlet_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino dark matter from Higgs-singlet decays", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0609081", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The sterile-neutrino momentum distribution is only available as the paper's approximate near-thermal spectrum (p_s ~ 0.76 T after dilution); no computed f(p) combines the S-decay population with the subdominant oscillation component and exact g_*(T) redshifting, which the free-streaming recast needs as input.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the Boltzmann equation with the S -> NN decay source term plus the Dodelson-Widrow oscillation term (extending a public sterile-neutrino production code such as sterile-dm with a decay source) to output f(p) over the (h, m_S, theta, m_s) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1105_5136_fn_kev_sterile_neutrino_scenario_a_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen keV sterile-neutrino dark matter, Scenario A", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1105.5136", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The sterile-neutrino production momentum distribution f_N(p) for the FN scenario (nonthermal production or thermal production with entropy dilution from N_2/N_3 decays) is not derived, so the free-streaming cutoff cannot be computed and thermal-WDM/Dodelson-Widrow bounds cannot be recast onto this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the sterile-neutrino production Boltzmann equation for the chosen FN-compatible production history (e.g. adapt the public sterile-dm/DW-production framework or a scalar/heavy-state decay spectrum calculation, including entropy dilution from heavier sterile decays) to obtain f_N(p), then feed it to a CLASS/CAMB ncdm module as a tabulated distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1105_5136_fn_kev_sterile_neutrino_scenario_b_v1", "model_name": "Froggatt-Nielsen keV sterile-neutrino dark matter, Scenario B", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1105.5136", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No momentum distribution f_N(p) has been computed for the keV FN sterile neutrino under any concrete production scenario (Dodelson-Widrow, resonant, or thermal-plus-entropy-dilution) consistent with the (4,1,0) charge assignment, so the Boltzmann input for structure constraints is undefined.", "proposed_resolution": "For the mixing angles implied by the FN textures, compute f_N(p) with a public sterile-neutrino production code (e.g. the Venumadhav et al. sterile-dm solver for non-resonant/resonant production, or a diluted-thermal spectrum for the entropy-dilution branch) and tabulate it as a CLASS ncdm psd input.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 58, "rank_structure_formation": 37}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Lyman-α forest modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 11, "n_models": 11, "weight": 308.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 11, "weight_structure_formation": 308.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 5, "degrades_precision": 6}, "effort_counts": {"large": 10, "major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1805_08112_quartic_fuzzy_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fuzzy dark matter with repulsive quartic self-interaction", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.08112", "score": 46, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear structure-formation calibration exists for repulsive quartic self-interacting fuzzy dark matter: the paper's bound uses linear observables only, and the card records unknown halo/subhalo mass-function effects with simulation_calibrated no, so nonlinear probes (Lyman-alpha, subhalo counts, solitonic cores with repulsive pressure) cannot be exploited.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Schrodinger-Poisson (or Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson, including the quartic term) simulations over a grid of (m, lambda) to calibrate the halo mass function, soliton-halo relation, and small-scale power suppression, and fit a transfer-function/HMF parameterization usable by Lyman-alpha emulators and subhalo likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_02052_extreme_axion_cosine_fluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Extreme axion dark matter with cosine potential fluid modeling", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.02052", "score": 42, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No hydrodynamical Lyman-alpha forest simulations or emulator exist for cosmologies with tachyonically enhanced small-scale power near the axion Jeans scale; existing Lyman-alpha emulators and likelihoods are calibrated on CDM-like or power-suppressed (WDM/fuzzy-axion) spectra, so the eBOSS comparison remains a qualitative linear-MPS estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of hydrodynamical Lyman-alpha simulations with initial conditions from the extreme-axion transfer functions over the m_a = 1e-23 to 1e-22.5 eV, hilltop-angle, and axion-fraction grid, and build a flux-power-spectrum emulator usable with the eBOSS/DESI Lyman-alpha likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2212_02487_minimal_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Minimal atomic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.02487", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear structure-formation pipeline exists for minimal atomic dark matter: there are no simulations spanning the (f_D, r_DAO, alpha_D, m_pD, m_eD) space that evolve the DAO-suppressed initial conditions with dissipative dark-atom cooling, so the Lyman-alpha forest, subhalo mass function, halo-shape, and dark-disk observables warned about for f_D > 0.1 cannot be evaluated and the high-f_D posterior remains unconstrained at small scales.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body plus hydrodynamical simulations initialized with class_twinadm transfer functions, adding a dark-atom cooling/chemistry module for the dissipative component; calibrate an ETHOS-style halo and subhalo mass-function parameterization and a Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator on the runs, then recast existing Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite/SHMF likelihoods onto (f_D, r_DAO).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2102_12498_two_body_decaying_cold_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-body decaying cold dark matter with warm and dark-radiation daughters", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.12498", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation for this two-body DCDM-to-WDM-plus-DR scenario is uncalibrated (simulation_calibrated: no), so full-shape weak-lensing likelihoods and the Lyman-alpha flux-power test cannot be applied; only linear P(k) and compressed S8 priors are usable.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with late-time decays imparting the epsilon-dependent velocity kick to daughter particles across the (Gamma^-1, epsilon) plane, calibrate a nonlinear P(k) prescription or emulator on them, and couple it to hydrodynamical Lyman-alpha flux-power modeling so full weak-lensing and Lyman-alpha likelihoods replace the compressed S8 priors.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0304260_mirror_matter_lss_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mirror matter dark matter with cooler mirror sector", "family": "mirror_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0304260", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation with dissipative, chemically complex mirror baryons has never been simulated (simulation_calibrated: unknown), leaving halo mass functions, mirror-object formation, and the nonlinear input to Lyman-alpha and reionization predictions uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological hydrodynamic simulations including mirror-baryon cooling and mirror atomic chemistry (adapting existing dissipative-dark-sector simulation frameworks) to calibrate nonlinear clustering and reionization-era predictions for cool mirror sectors with x < 0.2.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_4_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-4 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No hydrodynamical Lyman-alpha forest recast exists for the ETHOS cutoff shape: the card states the DAO/damped cutoff differs from thermal WDM so WDM flux-power limits cannot be applied directly, and the paper performed no hydrodynamical simulations, leaving the strongest external constraint on r_DAO and r_SD unevaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a grid of hydrodynamical simulations (or extend an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator) with ETHOS transfer functions spanning the DAO amplitude and damping scale, then evaluate the flux power spectrum against high-resolution quasar-spectra likelihoods to set cutoff bounds specific to oscillatory ETHOS-type suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_03329_nonthermal_sterile_hot_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal sterile hot dark matter from inflaton or moduli decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.03329", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nonlinear response to the nonthermal hot sterile fraction is uncalibrated (halo and subhalo mass-function effects unknown, simulation_calibrated: no), and the route caveat notes that exact small-scale recasts such as Lyman-alpha are not possible; existing Lyman-alpha emulators are calibrated on thermal WDM or massive-neutrino histories, not this broader, higher-peaked f(q).", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body/hydrodynamical simulations with the decay-produced f(q) as a fractional non-cold species over the preferred (m_eff, Delta N_eff) region to calibrate the nonlinear and Lyman-alpha flux response, or validate a mapping of the distribution's first moments onto existing massive-neutrino/WDM emulator grids.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_1_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-1 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No hydrodynamical simulations tailored to the ETHOS-1 DAO/Silk-damped cutoff exist for the Lyman-alpha forest; the card states thermal-WDM limits cannot be applied directly because the cutoff shape differs, so the Lyman-alpha constraint on (a4, r_DAO, r_SD) cannot currently be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Lyman-alpha hydrodynamical simulations (or train an emulator such as a modified Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator) on ETHOS-class transfer functions with DAO features, mapping the flux power spectrum over the (a4, xi) plane for comparison to eBOSS/HIRES data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_2_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-2 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No hydrodynamical simulations tailored to the ETHOS-2 DAO/Silk-damped cutoff exist for the Lyman-alpha forest; the card states thermal-WDM limits cannot be applied directly because the cutoff shape differs, so the Lyman-alpha constraint on (a4, r_DAO, r_SD) cannot currently be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Lyman-alpha hydrodynamical simulations (or train an emulator such as a modified Lyman-alpha flux-power emulator) on ETHOS-class transfer functions with DAO features, mapping the flux power spectrum over the (a4, xi) plane for comparison to eBOSS/HIRES data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1512_05349_ethos_3_benchmark_v1", "model_name": "ETHOS-3 interacting dark-matter dark-radiation benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1512.05349", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Lyman-alpha forest constraint on the ETHOS-3 cutoff cannot be applied because no hydrodynamical simulations or emulator exist for the oscillatory DAO/Silk-damped initial spectrum, whose cutoff shape differs from thermal WDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a grid of hydrodynamical Lyman-alpha simulations (or extend an existing WDM/nCDM flux-power emulator) over ETHOS damping parameters (r_DAO, r_SD, a4) and attach it to a standard Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2011_04606_late_time_dmdr_conversion_v1", "model_name": "Late-time dark matter to dark radiation conversion (DMDR)", "family": "dark_matter_dark_radiation_conversion", "arxiv": "2011.04606", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear treatment of the DMDR matter power spectrum exists: the card records simulation_calibrated no and unknown halo-scale effects, so weak-lensing analyses must discard nonlinear scales (the source's linear-only DES scale cuts) and Lyman-alpha or thermal-SZ recasts of the conversion history cannot be performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with the DMDR background and a decaying-CDM-style energy transfer (extending existing decaying-dark-matter simulation pipelines) to calibrate a halofit/emulator correction for P_nl(k,z) as a function of converted fraction and rate, unlocking full-scale DES/KiDS and Lyman-alpha recasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 59, "rank_structure_formation": 33}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 11, "n_models": 11, "weight": 302.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 5, "weight_structure_formation": 131.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 11}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 7, "large": 2, "small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1806_10608_generalized_ula_cosmological_field_v1", "model_name": "Generalized ultra-light axion-like cosmological field", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10608", "score": 46, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The generalized effective-fluid approximation (w(a), c_s^2(k,a)) for n=2 and n=3 potentials is uncalibrated against exact Klein-Gordon evolution near the transition redshift z_c at the precision of current CMB data, so f_zc posteriors carry an unquantified approximation error.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement exact linear Klein-Gordon evolution (or a Passaglia-Hu-style accurate effective-fluid scheme) alongside the fluid module in AxiCLASS/modified CLASS for n=1,2,3, map the C_ell and P(k) error as a function of z_c and n, and correct or bound the fluid-based constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_15513_resonantly_produced_sterile_neutrino_n1_v1", "model_name": "Line-motivated resonantly produced sterile neutrino N1 dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.15513", "score": 40, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The N1 momentum distribution, required lepton asymmetry L_6, and derived half-mode mass differ depending on whether Venumadhav16 or Ghiglieri15 production code is used and on the CAMB vs CLASS solver choice, and the paper shows thermal-relic WDM mappings can misestimate the true N1 power spectrum; no calibrated cross-code error budget exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform a controlled code-comparison of the Venumadhav16 and Ghiglieri15 production calculations (fixed neutrino-interaction rates, fixed cosmology) coupled identically to CLASS ncdm input, publish the resulting (m_s, sin^2 2theta, L_6) -> f(p) and M_hm tables with quantified systematic bands, and deprecate the thermal-WDM equivalent-mass shortcut for resonant spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1212_0864_down_scattering_excited_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Down-scattering excited Dark Matter", "family": "excited_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1212.0864", "score": 29.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN bound on the late-decaying charged X1 is applied only as quoted lifetime windows; the detailed injection depends on the decay products and on charged bound-state Li-6 catalysis, which the card flags as uncomputed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the X1 electromagnetic/hadronic injection and catalyzed BBN with an existing photodisintegration/BBN-injection code (ACROPOLIS-class plus a CBBN bound-state treatment), scanning (m_X1, tau_X1, Omega_X1) to replace the quoted tau < 10^5 s window with a model-specific bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_11115_a4_dirac_neutrino_fimp_v1", "model_name": "A4 Dirac-neutrino FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.11115", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN constraint on the eta lifetime is encoded only as a crude decay-before-one-second timing cut with a Y >~ 10^-13 bound; no energy-injection BBN calculation calibrated to this model's hadronic/electromagnetic decay products exists, so the true lower edge of the viable coupling window is uncertain.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a public BBN energy-injection code (ACROPOLIS-class) with the eta abundance, lifetime, and branching into visible-sector by-products from the Higgs-portal coupling to replace the one-second timing approximation with a light-element likelihood bound on Y.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_0835_fsu5_nonuniversal_higgs_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5) non-universal-Higgs neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0835", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scan's relic-density selection and mass/B-physics filters are WMAP-era; Planck relic density, the 125 GeV Higgs mass, and current LHC sparticle and flavor limits were never applied, so the surviving parameter regions are not calibrated to current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the flipped-SU(5) scan with a modern toolchain (Isajet or SoftSUSY plus DarkSUSY/micrOMEGAs, FeynHiggs-class Higgs-mass calculation) imposing the Planck Omega h^2 band, m_h = 125 GeV within theory uncertainty, and current LHC and flavor constraints before reusing any benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1101_0835_fsu5_uh_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Flipped SU(5)-UH neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1101.0835", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The scan's relic-density selection and mass/B-physics filters are WMAP-era; Planck relic density, the 125 GeV Higgs mass, and current LHC sparticle and flavor limits were never applied, so the surviving parameter regions are not calibrated to current data.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the flipped-SU(5)-UH scan with a modern toolchain (Isajet or SoftSUSY plus DarkSUSY/micrOMEGAs, FeynHiggs-class Higgs-mass calculation) imposing the Planck Omega h^2 band, m_h = 125 GeV within theory uncertainty, and current LHC and flavor constraints before reusing any benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_msm_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "MSM sterile-neutrino WDM from heavier-field decay", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Press-Schechter halo mass function used for the delayed-structure observable is not simulation-calibrated for this variant's decay-produced cutoff spectrum (card marks simulation_calibrated: partial and caveats that PS needs calibration).", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate a sharp-k/smooth-k mass-function barrier against a small suite of N-body simulations run with decay-produced transfer functions over z=4-12, and release the fit as a drop-in replacement for the PS step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2402_08815_interacting_scalar_field_dm_ede_v1", "model_name": "Interacting scalar-field dark matter and early dark energy", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2402.08815", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The matter-power observable extends to mildly nonlinear weak-lensing and galaxy-clustering scales, but the card records halo and subhalo mass-function effects as unknown with no simulation calibration, so no nonlinear prescription exists for the coupled SFDM-EDE matter power spectrum needed for S8-type comparisons.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the nonlinear response by running N-body simulations initialized with the modified-CLASS linear spectra and scale-dependent growth for representative (m_phi, beta, f_EDE) points, and fit a halofit/HMcode-style correction or emulator valid over the sampler's prior range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_13758_symmetric_atomic_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric ultraheavy atomic dark matter freeze-out through rearrangement", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13758", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Existing dark-acoustic-oscillation Boltzmann extensions (ETHOS/atomic-DM CLASS variants) have not been mapped to this model's parameter point (ultraheavy atoms, residual millicharged dark-electron subcomponent, dark-photon radiation temperature), so the linear transfer function and any DAO signature remain unquantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Map (m_A, alpha_D, xi) to the ETHOS or atomic-dark-matter CLASS parameterization, run the modified Boltzmann code to obtain the matter transfer function, and verify recovery of CDM when the dark-radiation coupling is negligible as the route's validation test requires.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_13043_jovian_captured_gev_dm_v1", "model_name": "Jovian captured GeV dark matter toy model", "family": "subcomponent_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.13043", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The benchmark spin-dependent cross section near 1e-24 cm^2 sits in the strongly interacting regime where naive rescaling of direct-detection and cosmic-ray-boosted limits fails; no public attenuation/saturation treatment covers a 1-4 GeV subcomponent with f_DM around 1e-4 at such large cross sections.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Earth-shielding/attenuation code (verne or DaMaSCUS class) to spin-dependent scattering at subcomponent fractions and geometric-saturation cross sections, and re-derive the boosted-DM and underground-detector exclusion contours for this regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2308_07069_kinetically_coupled_ede_sfdm_v1", "model_name": "Kinetically coupled early dark energy and scalar field dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.07069", "score": 19.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The S8/structure-growth comparison uses only the linear matter power spectrum with no nonlinear prescription calibrated for SFDM suppression plus dark-energy drag (simulation_calibrated: no); standard halofit-type corrections are calibrated on CDM and may misestimate the DES-Y3 comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate a nonlinear correction for KCS cosmologies, e.g. by running N-body simulations with the KCS linear transfer function and modified growth (or adapting an FDM-aware emulator) and fitting a halofit-style modification valid at the m_phi ~ 1e-22 eV suppression scale.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 60, "rank_structure_formation": 56}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Self-interacting DM halo modeling", "n_gaps": 13, "n_models": 13, "weight": 298.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 10, "weight_structure_formation": 223.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 6, "blocks_key_observables": 4, "blocks_all_observables": 1, "minor": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 2, "medium": 10, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1211_0250_multi_throat_kk_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multiple Kaluza-Klein dark matter from stringy throats", "family": "extra_dimensional_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.0250", "score": 31.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No phase-space distribution f_i(p) has been derived for the hidden-throat KK populations: each throat can be thermal or non-thermal, relativistic or non-relativistic at production, and the card explicitly leaves f_of_p_or_q, free_streaming_length, and velocity_dispersion_today unspecified, so the cold/warm/hot classification of each component cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive per-throat momentum distributions by solving the hidden-sector thermal history: tunneling injection spectrum, intra-throat self-interaction thermalization, and freeze-out of the lightest KK mode, parameterized by (h_i, M_i, m_X_i, T_in,tunn); output f_i(q) tables plus derived free-streaming lengths and a validity-flagged thermal-WDM equivalent mass per component.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_06580_5d_u1_repulsive_axion_ultralight_dm_v1", "model_name": "5D U(1) repulsive-axion ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06580", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No rigorous mapping exists from the coherent-field repulsive quartic to particle-like self-interaction cross-section bounds, so Bullet-Cluster-type limits (con-bullet-cluster-self-interaction) can only be applied through an approximate contact-repulsion recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective momentum-transfer opacity of a coherent condensate with quartic lambda4_eff in cluster-merger conditions and recast published Bullet Cluster sigma/m limits into the (m, f, lambda4_eff) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_00730_landau_ginzburg_self_interacting_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Landau-Ginzburg self-interacting scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00730", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mapping from the field-theoretic self-interaction (lambda_4 phi^4 or X^2/Lambda^4) to an effective cluster-scale scattering bound is only approximate and un-normalized, so the Bullet-Cluster-style collisionless constraint cannot be applied quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the normalized conversion from the coherent-field effective pressure to an equivalent sigma/m (or drag term) relevant to merging clusters, then recast published cluster-merger self-interaction bounds onto lambda_4 and Lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_03404_mirrored_gut_composite_adm_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored GUT composite asymmetric dark baryon model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.03404", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No dark-sector spectrum calculator exists for the confining SU(3)_D sector: dark baryon and dark meson masses as functions of Lambda_QCD_prime and dark quark masses are only estimated by scaling from visible QCD, which is inadequate for quantitative portal and self-interaction predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark hadron spectrum by rescaling existing lattice-QCD results for the required quark-mass ratios (or run dedicated Nf=2 SU(3) lattice spectroscopy), and package it as a spectrum module mapping (Lambda_QCD_prime, dark quark masses) to dark baryon/meson masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2210_05214_kev_sterile_neutrino_secret_scalar_qi_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile-neutrino dark matter with light-scalar neutrino self-interaction after quintessential inflation", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05214", "score": 24.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The supernova constraint on the MeV-scale scalar coupled to active neutrinos is only flagged, not recast: no derived exclusion exists for the benchmark m_phi ~ 100 MeV and coupling lambda in this model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published SN1987A neutrino self-interaction and scalar-emission analyses into the (m_phi, lambda) plane of this model, including trapping and free-streaming regimes, and store the resulting exclusion contour as a registry constraint table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2212_11918_su3_center_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(3) center-stabilized scalar dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.11918", "score": 23, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The chi self-interaction cross section per mass from the Z3-preserving cubic and quartic scalar potential terms has not been derived, so the small-scale-structure observable has no computable prediction (structure_formation fields are all unknown and no route step produces sigma/m).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive sigma_T/m for chi-chi scattering from the post-breaking scalar potential (cubic phi^3 and gauge-boson exchange contributions) as a function of g_D and the scalar couplings, then map it onto existing SIDM halo-shape and cluster-merger bounds on sigma/m.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1712_01316_density_dependent_baryon_dm_cooling_v1", "model_name": "Density-dependent baryon-DM cooling interaction model", "family": "baryon_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.01316", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Cluster-merger constraints exist only as constant-cross-section SIDM bounds; the model-specific mapping from Bullet-Cluster-type observations to the baryon-DM energy-exchange rate Gamma with density-dependent sigma_int(n,v) and realistic cluster baryon fractions has not been derived, so the quoted 0.5-2 cm^2/g scale cannot be applied.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the per-passage energy-exchange integral for a merging cluster with the model's sigma_int(n,v) evaluated on observed gas-density and velocity profiles of Bullet-like systems, and calibrate the resulting bound with a small set of idealized merger simulations including the drag term.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_05676_lsidm_vectorlike_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Light Self-Interacting Dark Matter (LSIDM) model", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.05676", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated CMB/N_eff treatment exists for the model's neutrino-dominated energy injection: the quoted Planck s-wave annihilation bound uses visible-channel f_eff, while Z' -> nu nu injection near recombination and its N_eff imprint for an MeV-scale mediator coupled to active neutrinos have not been computed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the effective f_eff for the model's branching-weighted final states using Slatyer's transfer functions for the subdominant visible component, and evaluate the N_eff shift from MeV-scale Z'-neutrino interactions with a CLASS run modified for neutrino self-interaction/heating, then apply the Planck injection and N_eff likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1505_03542_nonabelian_wimp_dark_radiation_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian WIMP multiplet dark matter with dark gluon radiation", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1505.03542", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The model-specific DM-dark-gluon momentum-transfer collision term (with the milli-weak non-Abelian coupling and self-interacting, zero-viscosity dark radiation) has not been derived and mapped onto a Boltzmann-solver parameterization, so CMB spectra and the matter power suppression cannot be computed beyond the order-of-magnitude growth argument.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive Gamma_DM-DR(T) for the non-Abelian dark-gluon bath, map it onto the ETHOS a_n coefficients, and implement it in an ETHOS-modified CLASS with the dark radiation treated as a perfect fluid (self-interacting, no free-streaming) to output CMB and P(k).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_11622_late_decay_self_interacting_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Late-decay self-interacting dark matter production mechanism", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.11622", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The momentum distribution f(q) of the decay-produced SIDM component and its free-streaming or transfer-function imprint are not derived (distribution_function_available and free_streaming_length are unknown/null), so the linear perturbation treatment of the daughter species is incomplete.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the decay-produced phase-space distribution from the two-body S -> SIDM kinematics as a function of tau_S and the symmetry-breaking parameter, and feed it into the CLASS extension of gap_1 as a non-cold daughter distribution (analogous to non-thermal WDM treatments of decay-produced dark matter).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0705_3091_relativistic_bec_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate scalar dark matter cosmology", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0705.3091", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The condensation and collapse rates (Gamma, Gamma') coupling the uniform boson gas, BEC, and localized dark-matter components are fixed purely phenomenologically; without a derivation from the scalar Lagrangian and gravitational-condensation microphysics, the three-component background history and the epoch of first collapse cannot be predicted, only parameterized.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the condensation rate from gravitational-relaxation/kinetic theory of the self-interacting scalar (condensation timescale as a function of m, lambda, and density) and the collapse rate from the paper's own instability analysis, replacing the free rates with functions of (m, lambda) that close the background equations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_04648_cold_natural_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Cold natural hidden-sector confinement dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.04648", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card's only route stops at reading the card itself: no forward model maps (xi_i, Lambda_i, m_phi) to any concrete observable such as the small-scale-structure signature the observable channel names, glueball/dark-baryon self-interaction cross sections, or residual dark-radiation Delta N_eff from unconfined hidden sectors.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the model's transfer function and free-streaming scale for the cold composite relic (expected near-CDM given xi_i << 1), the self-interaction cross section sigma/m ~ Lambda_i^-3 for glueballs, and the Delta N_eff contribution of non-confining sectors, then encode these as proper observables and route steps checkable against CLASS/ETHOS-style pipelines and Planck N_eff bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_07720_confined_colored_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Confined colored relic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07720", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The stable composite spectrum, abundance fractions f_i, and residual self-interaction cross sections of the surviving H_X hadrons and quarkonia are not derived, so halo-scale self-interaction predictions cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the heavy-light hadron spectrum and low-energy H_X-H_X scattering lengths from the Cornell-potential model (or dark-sector chiral effective theory) as functions of m_X, m_q, Lambda_D, and map to sigma/m for comparison with SIDM halo constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 61, "rank_structure_formation": 40}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 11, "n_models": 11, "weight": 297.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 4, "weight_structure_formation": 104.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 11}, "effort_counts": {"small": 3, "large": 2, "medium": 6}, "members": [{"model_id": "2001_01846_pq_dirac_neutrino_scalar_wimp_axion_v1", "model_name": "PQ Dirac-neutrino model with scalar WIMP and axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.01846", "score": 41.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The axion relic abundance from topological defects (strings/domain walls) in this DFSZ-like model is not computed, so the Omega_a h^2 versus f_a mapping — and hence the allowed scalar WIMP fraction — is only known in the misalignment-only limit.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt published string-network simulation calibrations of axion emission and implement the model's post-inflationary scenarios in a public axion-abundance calculator (e.g. extend MiMeS with a defect-contribution parameterization) so the axion fraction can be scanned jointly with the scalar sector.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_05621_3hdm_astrophobic_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generalized three-Higgs-doublet astrophobic QCD axion dark matter", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.05621", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Thermal axion production rates across the QCD crossover (pion/kaon scattering versus quark-gluon rates) are method-dependent in exactly the low-f_a regime the astrophobic construction targets, leaving an uncontrolled systematic on T_d and Delta N_eff.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt continuous QCD-crossover rate interpolations informed by chiral perturbation theory validity limits and lattice-informed treatments (as developed in the recent thermal-axion literature), and propagate the rate-scheme spread as a systematic band on the predicted Delta N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_14242_axion_rotation_poltergeist_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion rotation Poltergeist dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.14242", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The kinetic-misalignment abundance relation C m_a Y_theta = 0.44 eV carries an undetermined order-one coefficient C (set to 1 as reference), so the axion dark-matter abundance and hence the (m_a, Y_theta) mapping is uncalibrated at the O(1) level.", "proposed_resolution": "Determine C by numerically evolving the rotating axion field through the transition from rotation to oscillation (lattice or homogeneous field simulation of the kinetic-misalignment capture into the potential minima), scanned over the relevant m_a, f_a, Y_theta range, and publish the fitted C(m_a Y_theta) calibration.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0607341_axion_like_scalar_miniclusters_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like scalar dark matter miniclusters", "family": "scalar_minicluster_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0607341", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Present-day ScaM survival is estimated only by analogy with axion-minicluster stellar-disruption simulations, which the card notes may not transfer to generic ScaM profiles with different tidal resilience.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun stellar-encounter disruption Monte Carlo simulations (2011.05377-style) using ScaM density profiles from the collapse simulations, producing a survival fraction S(M_ScaM, rho_ScaM, orbit) calibration table for the lensing recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_07662_variant_axion_domain_wall_safe_mev_dm_v1", "model_name": "variant axion model with domain-wall-safe PQ charges", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.07662", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The SN 1987A axion-nucleon bound entering the fit is explicitly indicative (g_ap^2 + g_an^2 < 3.6e-19) with large nuclear-medium and supernova-simulation uncertainties, so the upper edge of the allowed meV window is not a calibrated constraint for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast modern SN 1987A axion-emissivity calculations (state-of-the-art nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung rates with medium corrections, applied to current core-collapse simulation profiles) into a coupling-space likelihood or bound with quantified uncertainty bands for the variant-axion g_ap/g_an ratios.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_01017_fibre_inflation_open_string_qcd_axion_v1", "model_name": "Fibre-inflation open-string QCD axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.01017", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The favored ultralocal case has PQ symmetry unbroken during inflation, so the QCD-axion relic abundance at f_QCD ~ 5e10 GeV receives post-inflationary contributions from axion string and domain-wall decay; the card provides no calibrated abundance calculation beyond the misalignment estimate, so the claim that this axion accounts for all dark matter cannot be evaluated quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Combine the standard realignment abundance formula with published axion-string-network simulation results (emission-spectrum calibrations from large-scale field-theory simulations) to build an Omega_a(f_QCD, theta_i) module for the post-inflationary scenario, applied at the paper's f_QCD ~ 5e10 GeV benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03756_nonperiodic_alp_fragmentation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fragmenting non-periodic-potential axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03756", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The minihalo mass function relies on modified Press-Schechter assumptions applied to resonance-enhanced, non-Gaussian small-scale spectra without N-body calibration, so halo abundances, collapse redshifts, and profiles carry uncontrolled uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Run zoom-in N-body simulations seeded with the lattice-generated spectra (as done for axion miniclusters) to calibrate the mass function, concentration-mass relation, and survival of the dense minihalos against the Press-Schechter predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1702_02116_ultralight_axion_instanton_fuzzy_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight axion fuzzy dark matter with instanton potential and temperature-dependent mass", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1702.02116", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping between solitonic core sizes and the linear suppression scale is calibrated by Schroedinger-Poisson simulations only for the standard constant-mass fuzzy-DM cutoff; the paper notes this relation shifts when the mass is temperature dependent, leaving core-based constraints uncalibrated for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of Schroedinger-Poisson halo simulations initialized with the delayed-oscillation transfer functions to recalibrate the core-halo mass relation as a function of the mass-turn-on index n.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9804291_hadronic_axion_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hadronic axion hot dark matter in the hadronic axion window", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9804291", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The thermal_abundance step relies on the 1998 pion-nucleon scattering estimate, whose chiral-perturbation-theory rates are uncalibrated near the QCD crossover where an f_a around 1e6 GeV axion decouples, so Omega_a and rho_a/rho_nu at BBN carry uncontrolled systematic uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt modern smooth-interpolation axion-pion thermalization rates across the QCD crossover (post-2021 recalculations of the axion production rate) and tabulate n_a/s versus f_a for use in the BBN and structure steps, validating against the primary paper's 0.1-0.2 Omega_a benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1612_04824_geometric_baryogenesis_qcd_axion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Geometric-baryogenesis QCD axion cold dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.04824", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relic abundance uses only the leading analytic misalignment scaling; the temperature-dependent axion mass from lattice-QCD topological susceptibility and anharmonicity corrections for order-one theta_osc are not applied, which shifts the predicted Omega_a at the tens-of-percent level exactly where the full-CDM benchmark lives.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the misalignment evolution numerically with the lattice-calibrated chi(T) axion mass (e.g. Borsanyi et al. susceptibility tables) and anharmonic correction factors, replacing the power-law scaling in the s2 step for benchmark points near theta_osc ~ 1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0005123_low_reheat_axion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Low-reheat invisible axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0005123", "score": 9, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The relaxed f_PQ upper bound of about 1e16 GeV rests on the primary paper's older temperature-dependent axion mass and analytic dilution approximations; the abundance has not been recalibrated with modern lattice-QCD topological susceptibility chi(T) in the low-reheat expansion history.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the misalignment calculation with a public solver supporting arbitrary expansion histories (e.g. MiMeS) using lattice-QCD chi(T), a matter-dominated reheating era with entropy injection, and anharmonic corrections, and update the f_PQ(T_RH, theta_1) contours on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 62, "rank_structure_formation": 61}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 11, "n_models": 11, "weight": 278.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 3, "blocks_all_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 7}, "effort_counts": {"small": 10, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_subcomponent_lmutau_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged dark matter subcomponent with L_mu-L_tau vector depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The L_mu-L_tau mediator parameter space (g_LmuLtau, m_Zprime) needed for the depletion annihilation to neutrinos is not confronted with existing bounds (neutrino trident production, Borexino, Delta N_eff from a light Z' coupled to neutrinos) in a form usable by the route; the mediator-specific constraint recast is missing.", "proposed_resolution": "Collect the published L_mu-L_tau exclusion curves (CCFR trident, Borexino, BBN/N_eff) as machine-readable bounds and overlay them on the (g_LmuLtau, m_Zprime) region that achieves f_DM ~ 0.3-2 percent via chi chi -> nu nu annihilation computed with a micrOMEGAs model file.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_09853_coupled_quintessence_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Coupled quintessence cold dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1910.09853", "score": 29.9, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper reports posteriors and Bayesian evidences but releases no chains or reusable likelihood products, so the route's validation test (recovering the reported constraints) can only be checked against published summary numbers rather than full posterior distributions.", "proposed_resolution": "Regenerate and publish MCMC chains for the qCDM stable branch with the reimplemented Boltzmann patch under the Planck+BAO+Pantheon+R19 data combination, archiving chains and evidence values for registry validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_09853_coupled_vacuum_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Coupled vacuum cold dark matter", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1910.09853", "score": 29.9, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No chains or reusable likelihood products are released for the coupled-vacuum scan, so route validation can only compare against published summary constraints rather than full posteriors.", "proposed_resolution": "Regenerate and archive MCMC chains and MCEvidence values for the coupled-vacuum branch under Planck+BAO+Pantheon+R19 using the reimplemented Boltzmann patch, for registry-level validation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_14103_leptophilic_zprime_majorana_dm_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic flavor-violating Zprime portal Majorana dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.14103", "score": 28.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FeynRules/CalcHEP model files are described in the text but were only planned for upload, so the model definition step cannot currently be reproduced from a public artifact.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain or re-implement the FeynRules model (leptophilic flavor-violating Zprime plus Majorana chi) and publish the UFO/CalcHEP files on a model database so the micrOMEGAs and collider steps are reproducible.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_14152_dark_sink_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Dark Sink freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.14152", "score": 27.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The electron-recoil exclusion curves (PandaX, DAMIC-M, SENSEI, DarkSide, XENON1T) needed to close the direct-detection route are not packaged with the model: the paper overlays published limits, no data tables or detector likelihoods are provided, and the ultralight-mediator F_DM ~ 1/q^2 form-factor convention must be applied consistently.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the published DM-electron scattering limits in the light-mediator (F_DM = (alpha m_e/q)^2) convention from the experiments' data releases into a limit database interfaced with the FreezeIn code output, so sigma_e(m_DM) predictions are scored automatically.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_00620_bimetric_freeze_in_freeze_out_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bimetric nonstandard-cosmology WIMP/FIMP dark matter", "family": "nonstandard_cosmology_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.00620", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The primary paper's allowed-region contours in the <sigma v>-m_DM plane for selected deformation parameters and initial density ratios have not been digitized, so there is no quantitative validation target for a reimplementation of the relic-density and BBN-recovery recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the primary paper's allowed-region figures for a few benchmark (lambda, initial density ratio) choices and store them as validation curves against which the reimplemented pipeline's contours are compared.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_05382_n2hdm_full_dark_phase_v1", "model_name": "N2HDM Full Dark Matter Phase", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.05382", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's FDP scan results are not released as machine-readable products: no parameter-grid files, allowed-point samples, or digitized XENON1T/relic exclusion curves accompany the card, so registry-level evaluation requires re-running the full ScannerS + MicrOMEGAs + HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals scan from scratch.", "proposed_resolution": "Reproduce the scan with public ScannerS (N2HDM FDP phase), MicrOMEGAs 5.x two-component mode, and HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals over the nine listed input parameters, and export the parameter grid, component relic fractions, and rescaled SI cross sections as registry data products.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0809_2371_so10_nonuniversal_neutralino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SO(10) non-universal-gaugino neutralino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.2371", "score": 20.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The source is a conference paper providing no machine-readable scan output; the WMAP-allowed regions and exclusion contours for each SO(10) representation exist only as published figures, so validation tests (recovering the WMAP band and coannihilation diagonal) require re-running the scan from scratch.", "proposed_resolution": "Regenerate the representation-by-representation scan with SOFTSUSY+micrOMEGAs over the card's input parameters (SO(10) representation, m0, m1/2, tan beta, sign(mu)) and archive the grid as machine-readable tables in the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2208_12430_su2d_gauge_boson_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_D isospin-charged gauge-boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.12430", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Benchmark parameter values and the viable (m_V+, mass-splitting, v_D) corridor exist only as figure-level information in the source paper; no tabulated benchmark points or cross-section tables are on the card, limiting reproducibility and validation of any reimplementation.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the paper's relic-density and direct-detection figures (or obtain author tables) into machine-readable benchmark points with (g_D, m_V+, m_V0/m_V+ - 1, v_D, theta_h, m_s) and target values, and store them as the route's validation_tests reference data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_08917_bino_higgsino_tempered_singlino_nmssm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bino-higgsino-tempered singlino NMSSM dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.08917", "score": 19, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's scan benchmark cards (SLHA input files for the blind-spot and coannihilation regimes) are not released, hindering validation of the registry pipeline against the published relic-density, sigma_SI, and branching-fraction benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct SLHA benchmark cards from the paper's quoted parameter values (e.g. the M1 ~ 90 GeV, sigma_SI ~ 1e-48 cm^2 blind-spot point) using NMSSMTools, and verify Omega h^2 and radiative branching fractions against the paper figures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1607_04294_dynamical_decay_constant_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with a dynamical decay constant", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1607.04294", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card itself is a recovery placeholder: observables, constraints, and the routing block are schema-preserving stubs (single placeholder ids, direct_detection channel assigned by default), so no genuine constraint extraction from the paper or related literature backs the routing.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the standard enrichment pipeline on the primary paper and citation set to produce real observable entries (isocurvature, relic density, haloscope coupling at f0/N ~ 1e10-1e11 GeV) and constraints before capability aggregation uses this card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 63}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "BBN code extension", "n_gaps": 9, "n_models": 9, "weight": 274.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 6, "weight_structure_formation": 196.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 4, "degrades_precision": 4, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 5, "small": 3, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_05563_nonthermal_subkev_light_dark_matter_fraction_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal sub-keV light dark matter fraction from radiative decays", "family": "light_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.05563", "score": 52.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No implemented pipeline connects the parent decay (E_gamma = 1.59-2.22 MeV, tau ~ 2e4 s) to a nonthermal-nucleosynthesis code, so the predicted lithium reduction and its compatibility with deuterium is asserted from the injection window rather than computed; the card notes no BBN cascade code was run and likelihood_available is 'no'.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a public electromagnetic-injection BBN code such as ACROPOLIS over the (E_gamma, tau, f m_parent/m_DM) plane for monochromatic photon injection, and wrap the output in a light-element abundance likelihood (Li7, D/H) to replace the analytic window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_09194_pbh_evaporation_gravitational_dm_fopt_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporation gravitational dark matter from first-order-phase-transition PBHs", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.09194", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No configured pipeline computes the Hawking-emitted phase-space distribution of a generic purely gravitationally coupled particle chi including greybody and spin factors for the light pre-BBN-evaporating PBHs of this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Configure BlackHawk (or an equivalent public greybody evaporation code) with an added massive BSM degree of freedom to output the chi yield and emitted momentum spectrum across the M_PBH, m_chi plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_2959_mixed_axion_axino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Mixed axion/axino dark matter for thermal leptogenesis", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.2959", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN energy-injection constraint on the long-lived neutralino NLSP (lifetime, hadronic branching, abundance) is applied only by comparison to literature limit curves; no implemented pipeline computes light-element yields for the scanned PQMSSM points.", "proposed_resolution": "Wire the neutralino NLSP lifetime, abundance, and branching fractions from the spectrum calculation into an existing BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS to produce point-by-point light-element pass/fail and the allowed T_R window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_02958_decaying_gravitino_rhn_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Decaying gravitino dark matter with right-handed-neutrino decay products", "family": "decaying_gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.02958", "score": 32.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN consistency of late gluino NLSP decay is judged only by the T_MSSM > 10 MeV rule of thumb; no public hadro-dissociation BBN likelihood covers hadronic energy injection from a 10-20 TeV gluino decaying to gluon plus gravitino.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public BBN injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS, which currently handles electromagnetic injection) with hadronic-cascade dissociation rates, or interface the Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi hadronic constraint tables, to compute light-element abundances as a function of gluino mass, abundance, and lifetime.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1108_2282_ksvz_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "KSVZ axino cold dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.2282", "score": 29.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No BBN recast pipeline exists that takes the neutralino or stau NLSP lifetime, yield, and electromagnetic/hadronic decay spectra into axino final states and evaluates light-element constraints; the card records the BBN step as a recast never performed and no likelihood available.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the NLSP decay injection spectra for the neutralino-to-axino-photon/Z and stau-to-axino-tau channels and feed (tau_NLSP, Y_NLSP, spectra) into a public BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS, exposing the result as a likelihood over (tau_NLSP, Y_NLSP).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_01200_antimatter_macros_v1", "model_name": "Antimatter macroscopic dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_antimatter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.01200", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN helium-3 overproduction constraint is an order-of-magnitude scaling with no nuclear-network calculation; photofission tails, lithium production, and the full post-BBN annihilation-on-helium-4 chain are explicitly deferred by the paper.", "proposed_resolution": "Add anti-macro annihilation source terms (nucleon disintegration of 4He, hadronic and electromagnetic showers, photofission) to a public BBN network code such as AlterBBN or PRIMAT and compute 3He/H, D/H, and Li yields versus sigma_X/M_X for comparison with primordial-abundance data.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0809_0677_exact_parity_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Exact-parity mirror-baryon dark matter thermodynamic model", "family": "mirror_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.0677", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No mirror-sector BBN network calculation exists to turn the computed T_prime(T) and mirror degrees of freedom into mirror helium and heavy-element abundances, which the card identifies as needed inputs for structure formation and for the DAMA/LIBRA mirror-heavy-element interpretation.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) to run the nuclear network at the mirror temperature T_prime = x*T with mirror baryon density beta*Omega_b and the modified expansion rate from both sectors, outputting mirror He-4 and metal abundances as functions of (x, beta).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_04769_long_lived_stau_coannihilation_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived stau coannihilation neutralino dark matter scenario", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.04769", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public catalyzed-BBN (CBBN) reaction network exists that includes stau-nucleus bound-state formation, internal-conversion Be7/Li7 destruction, and stau-He4 bound-state production of n, D, T, and Li6; existing CBBN networks are private modifications of standard BBN codes.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) with charged-relic bound-state formation rates and the internal-conversion and bound-state nuclear reaction rates from the CBBN literature, parameterized by (tau_stau, Y_stau, m_stau), and release it as a reusable module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1411_3730_higgs_portal_self_interacting_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal self-interacting dark matter with light scalar mediator", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3730", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The BBN constraint is applied only as a crude tau_phi < 1 s screen; no BBN network computation exists for an MeV-scale scalar decaying dominantly to active or sterile neutrinos in this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public BBN code (AlterBBN or PRIMAT) with energy injection from late phi decays to neutrinos, mapping the allowed (m_phi, tau_phi, branching) region into a light-element likelihood replacing the 1 s rule of thumb.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 64, "rank_structure_formation": 45}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Collider / beam-dump recast", "n_gaps": 12, "n_models": 12, "weight": 245.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 44.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 3, "blocks_key_observables": 7, "degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 10, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_04030_vector_scotogenic_hnl_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector Scotogenic HNL dark matter", "family": "scotogenic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.04030", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast with detector simulation exists for the model's prompt same-flavor-dilepton-plus-MET signature or the near-degenerate long-lived charged-vector regime with soft or displaced leptons; acceptances are currently taken from source-quoted ATLAS/CMS contexts without simulation.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the UFO from the model-implementation gap, simulate vector-doublet pair production with MadGraph+Pythia+Delphes and recast ATLAS slepton-like SFOS+MET searches (e.g. via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis PADs) plus the CMS displaced-muon search, scanning tau_V across the near-degenerate regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1909_07987_higgs_portal_dark_qed_v1", "model_name": "Higgs portal to dark QED", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07987", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No dedicated recast exists for displaced dark-photon decays from exotic Higgs production in this dark-QED model: mapping (epsilon, m_Aprime, y_X) to LLP or lepton-jet acceptance requires detector geometry and efficiency modeling for LHC main detectors and a MATHUSLA-style surface detector that has not been done for this Higgs mono-dark-photon channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model in a FeynRules/UFO file, generate exotic Higgs decays h -> chi chi + A' with MadGraph/Pythia, and recast through an existing LLP framework (e.g. the MATHUSLA acceptance maps and ATLAS/CMS displaced-lepton-jet efficiency parameterizations) to produce acceptance grids in (m_Aprime, epsilon, y_X).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_05064_koto_scalar_p_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "KOTO two-scalar P dark matter", "family": "light_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.05064", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public detector-acceptance simulation exists for the K_L -> S P, S -> pi0 P displaced two-scalar topology at KOTO (or its NA62 charged-kaon analogue): the signal acceptance depends on the S lifetime and decay-vertex distribution inside the KOTO fiducial volume, and without it the BM1-BM4 benchmarks cannot be quantitatively confronted with the kaon data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a fast Monte Carlo of the KOTO beamline and calorimeter geometry using the acceptance maps and single-event-sensitivity grids published by the KOTO collaboration, parameterized in (m_S, m_P, tau_S), and validate it against the K_L -> pi0 nu nubar acceptance the collaboration quotes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf3_bl_portal_v1", "model_name": "Three-flavor chiral composite ADM with B-L portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No production-and-acceptance simulation exists for visible displaced decays of the composite dark hadrons at MATHUSLA, FASER, SeaQuest, and LHCb/Belle-II: the card only transfers benchmarks from a related paper, and no event-level dark-shower model of this specific N_f=3 spectrum has been implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Encode the dark hadron spectrum and kinetic-mixing decay lengths in the Pythia Hidden Valley module, generate dark-shower events, and run detector acceptance recasts for the lifetime-frontier and fixed-target experiments at epsilon ~ 10^-4.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_08820_emergent_strong_cp_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Emergent strong-CP vector dark matter", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.08820", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider recast exists for the higher-dimension spin-density operator coupling to G-Gtilde with heavy colored UV states; only an order-of-magnitude few-hundred-GeV estimate from generic monojet operators is available.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the effective operator (or a benchmark UV completion with heavy colored states) in a FeynRules/MadGraph model, simulate monojet plus missing-momentum production, and recast ATLAS/CMS monojet searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis to bound M_*.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_4138_pq_leptoquark_diquark_mixed_axion_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Peccei-Quinn leptoquark-diquark mixed axion-WIMP dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.4138", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No collider recast (event generation, detector simulation, or cross-section grid) exists for the heavy KSVZ-quark and leptoquark/diquark cascade topologies decaying to Z2-odd scalars, so the LHC missing-energy observable has no quantitative reach or exclusion.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate signal events with MadGraph/Pythia from the gap_1 UFO and reinterpret existing squark-like jets-plus-MET and leptoquark searches with a recast framework such as CheckMATE or MadAnalysis, producing limits on m_Q and the colored-scalar masses versus branching ratios.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05380_lowest_energy_higgson_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Lowest-energy higgson WIMP", "family": "electroweak_wimp", "arxiv": "2210.05380", "score": 21.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No collider event simulation exists for higgson pair production via vector boson fusion; the ~1 fb HL-LHC estimate is transplanted from inert-doublet/double-Higgs studies without model-specific signal or background modeling.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the UFO model file exists (gap_1), run MadGraph plus Pythia and Delphes for VBF higgson pair production with missing-energy selections at 14 TeV and 3000 fb^-1 to produce a defensible cross section and significance estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_05868_neutrino_self_interaction_sterile_freezein_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino self-interaction assisted sterile-neutrino freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05868", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward-model exists for the FPF signature of the neutrinophilic mediator: missing-pT and apparent tau-neutrino event rates at FASER2/FLArE-like detectors are available only as the paper's projected reach contours, with no released event-level simulation or reusable likelihood (con_fpf_mediator_reach: likelihood_available partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Build an FPF event-rate pipeline convolving public far-forward LHC neutrino fluxes with mediator scattering cross sections, apply a parameterized FLArE/FASER2 detector response, and package a projected Poisson likelihood validated against the paper's 0.3-20 GeV mediator reach contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_08883_inert_doublet_triplet_vll_assisted_dm_v1", "model_name": "Inert-doublet scalar dark matter assisted by a Y=1 vector-like triplet lepton", "family": "inert_doublet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.08883", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-level long-lived-particle recast exists for displaced decays of the doubly charged, singly charged, and neutral triplet leptons; benchmark c-tau values of 0.1-100 m require LHC displaced-vertex and MATHUSLA efficiency and background modeling that was not run.", "proposed_resolution": "Generate events in MadGraph/Pythia and apply published LHC displaced-vertex and MATHUSLA acceptance maps (or Delphes-based LLP efficiency parameterizations) over the M_N, lambda_N, mass-splitting grid to obtain displaced-vertex acceptances.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0809_3932_thermal_right_handed_sneutrino_v1", "model_name": "Thermal right-handed sneutrino dark matter in the F_D-term hybrid inflation model", "family": "sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0809.3932", "score": 18.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The invisible-Higgs and SUSY-cascade collider signature has no event-level implementation: no benchmark event simulation, no recast against LHC invisible-Higgs branching limits, and no collider likelihood exists for the sneutrino-LSP final states.", "proposed_resolution": "Use the SARAH/UFO model files to simulate Higgs-to-sneutrino and cascade production in MadGraph, then recast current ATLAS/CMS invisible-Higgs branching-fraction limits and compressed-SUSY searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_05868_neutrino_portal_complex_scalar_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal complex scalar thermal freeze-out dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05868", "score": 8, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward-model exists for the FPF signature: charged-current neutrino events with large missing transverse momentum and apparent tau-neutrino excesses at FASER2/FLArE-like detectors are only available as the paper's projected reach contours, with no released event-level simulation or reusable projected likelihood (con_fpf_mediator_reach is likelihood_available: partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Build an FPF event-rate pipeline: convolve public far-forward LHC neutrino fluxes with mediator-production and scattering cross sections for this model, apply a parameterized FLArE/FASER2 detector response (hadronic energy resolution, missing-pT reconstruction), and package the result as a projected Poisson likelihood validated against the paper's 0.3-20 GeV reach contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_05868_neutrino_portal_dirac_fermion_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Neutrino-portal Dirac fermion thermal freeze-out dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.05868", "score": 7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public forward-model exists for the FPF signature of the neutrinophilic mediator: charged-current events with large missing transverse momentum and apparent tau-neutrino excesses at FASER2/FLArE-like detectors are available only as the paper's projected reach contours, with no released event-level simulation or reusable likelihood (con_fpf_mediator_reach is likelihood_available: partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Build an FPF event-rate pipeline that convolves public far-forward LHC neutrino fluxes with the mediator scattering cross sections, applies a parameterized FLArE/FASER2 detector response (hadronic energy resolution, missing-pT discrimination), and packages a projected Poisson likelihood validated against the paper's 0.3-20 GeV mediator reach contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 65, "rank_structure_formation": 82}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Lyman-α forest modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 8, "n_models": 8, "weight": 242.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 6, "weight_structure_formation": 197.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 8}, "effort_counts": {"large": 3, "medium": 3, "small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1907_11696_kev_miracle_higgs_decay_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "keV Miracle sterile neutrino from singlet Higgs decay", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha and satellite-count structure limits are calibrated for thermal WDM transfer functions, so the cooled nonthermal Higgs-decay distribution (p/T ~ 0.76 at low temperature) can only be constrained via the approximate thermal-equivalent-mass mapping, which the card flags as production dependent and shape-lossy precisely where the 7 keV benchmark sits near the m_WDM > 2.2-3.6 keV bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Evaluate the exact Higgs-decay transfer function with CLASS ncdm using the paper's closed-form f(x), then recast it directly through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator extended beyond thermal-WDM shapes (adding a transfer-function-shape parameterization such as alpha-beta-gamma fits), rather than relying on equivalent masses.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2006_16139_late_decay_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting dark matter from late pseudo-WIMP decays", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.16139", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Lyman-alpha, halo-concentration, and cluster bounds on the daughter kick velocity are imported from plain decaying-CDM analyses; no constraint exists that is calibrated for daughters whose self-scattering suppresses free streaming, so the quoted mass-splitting ceilings are only conservative estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast Lyman-alpha flux-power constraints (e.g. via an emulator-based decaying-DM analysis) including daughter self-interactions, using linear Boltzmann transfer functions from the extended DCDM code as input.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_split_seesaw_bl_low_reheat_v1", "model_name": "split-seesaw B-L low-reheating sterile neutrino production", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 36.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Lyman-alpha and satellite structure limits are calibrated for thermal WDM, so the cooled nonthermal low-reheat distribution can only be compared through an approximate thermal-WDM-equivalent mapping borrowed from the keV Miracle case rather than a production-specific likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the derived f(p) is available, run CLASS ncdm to get the exact transfer function and recast it through an existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator extended to non-thermal transfer-function shapes (e.g. alpha-beta-gamma parameterization), together with satellite-count constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1907_11696_fractional_cold_plus_warm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "fractional cold-plus-warm sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 32.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Lyman-alpha forest and Milky Way satellite constraints are calibrated on pure thermal-WDM transfer functions, so fractional cold-plus-warm sterile-neutrino suppression (shallower plateau, production-specific shape) can only be judged through an approximate thermal-equivalent-mass mapping the card flags as losing shape information.", "proposed_resolution": "Recalibrate the Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihood (and satellite-count/strong-lensing subhalo constraints) directly on CWDM transfer functions, either by extending existing hydrodynamic-simulation emulators with a two-parameter (f_WDM, k_fs) suppression template or by running a targeted CWDM simulation grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_12487_qg_broken_fermionic_fimp_domain_wall_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-gravity-broken fermionic FIMP with domain walls", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.12487", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Lyman-alpha mass floor (m_DM > ~15 keV) is imported from a cited study assuming a different freeze-in momentum spectrum; no recast exists for this model's mixed UV/IR production histories, so the small-scale-structure constraint on the v_s-m_DM plane is not actually evaluable across parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the model-specific f(q) from gap_1 into CLASS as a non-cold relic to compute the linear transfer function, then apply the standard half-mode/WDM-equivalent mapping or an existing Lyman-alpha flux emulator to set the mass floor as a function of T_RH, Lambda_FI, and v_s.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_15016_lepton_number_scalar_capture_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-number-two ultralight scalar dark matter for neutrinoless double beta capture", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.15016", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The ultralight-scalar structure-formation bound on (m_phi, eta) is invoked but not computed: no transfer-function calculation is included, so the maximum allowed dark-matter fraction at m_phi ~ 1e-20 eV, where fuzzy-DM constraints are severe, is not quantified for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing ultralight-DM fraction constraints by running axionCAMB (or the CLASS ultralight-axion module) over the (m_phi, eta) plane and applying published CMB, Lyman-alpha, and subhalo bounds on the suppressed power spectrum, producing an eta_max(m_phi) curve for the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1506_06752_resonant_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced 7.1 keV sterile neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1506.06752", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from the nonthermal resonant spectrum to nonlinear structure observables (halo/subhalo mass functions, Lyman-alpha flux power) is not simulation-calibrated; existing WDM constraints are calibrated on thermal-relic spectra and a thermal surrogate can misstate the warmness constraint.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the CLASS-computed transfer function for the resonant spectrum into a generalized suppression parameterization (e.g. the Murgia alpha-beta-gamma form), and calibrate against a small suite of N-body/hydro simulations so Lyman-alpha and Milky Way satellite likelihoods can be applied to non-thermal spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_04197_misaligned_axion_chern_simons_condensate_v1", "model_name": "Misaligned axion Chern-Simons condensate model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04197", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The structure-formation floor on the ultralight axion fraction (con_ultralight_axion_structure_floor) is only a generic review-level bound, not recast for this model's mass-fraction parameter space; the card's transfer-function shape is unknown so the mapping is not yet quantitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Run axionCAMB (or the ULA branch of CLASS) over the model's (m_a, axion fraction) grid and recast existing CMB plus Lyman-alpha ultralight-axion bounds onto the misalignment parameter space, since the condensate behaves as a standard ULA for structure formation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 66, "rank_structure_formation": 44}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Indirect-detection likelihood (γ-ray / cosmic-ray / ν)", "n_gaps": 11, "n_models": 11, "weight": 233.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 44.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 8, "minor": 1, "degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 3, "medium": 6, "small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2004_12326_qcd_axion_dark_photon_fermion_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with a dark photon-fermion nonlinear sector", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.12326", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmological dark-fermion sector is only assumed: no production mechanism or relic-abundance calculation for the charged dark fermions is specified, so the early-universe dark-photon plasma mass that protects the axion abundance cannot be computed from model parameters (q, m_psi).", "proposed_resolution": "Specify and solve a dark-fermion production mechanism (e.g. freeze-in through the dark gauge coupling or gravitational production), derive the fermion number density and induced plasma frequency versus temperature, and verify the axion-survival condition across the m_a-f'_a plane together with the misalignment relic-density calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_10148_decaying_superheavy_dm_icecube_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Decaying super-heavy dark matter explanation of IceCube PeV neutrinos and baryon asymmetry", "family": "decaying_superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.10148", "score": 24.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The baryogenesis sector has no microscopic decay model: the CP/baryon-violation parameter epsilon is a free phenomenological input with no Lagrangian-level derivation linking it to the same X decay operators that set the IceCube neutrino flux, so the joint neutrino-plus-baryogenesis explanation cannot be promoted beyond a consistency estimate or confronted with washout and sphaleron constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a minimal UV completion (e.g. B-violating X decay through heavy colored scalars with interfering tree and loop amplitudes), derive epsilon from its couplings, and solve the accompanying Boltzmann equations for washout so that the IceCube-fit (M_X, tau_X) and the Planck baryon density constrain one common parameter set.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_01091_model_i_final_bound_state_real_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Model I final-bound-state real scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01091", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The C-to-Standard-Model portal is assumed but never specified, so the bound-state binding energies, transition rates, and resulting SM particle spectrum for the indirect-detection observable cannot be computed; no route step covers obs_model_i_final_state_spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete portal (e.g. kinetic mixing of the light vector V with hypercharge), derive the B decay and level-transition rates, generate SM final-state spectra with PPPC4DMID or HDMSpectra, and compare to Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and CMB-injection likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_01091_model_ii_final_bound_state_complex_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Model II final-bound-state complex scalar WIMP dark matter", "family": "forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2204.01091", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The visible portal of the C sector is not completed in the model, so the SS*BV forbidden-DM indirect-detection signal cannot be turned into a predicted SM particle flux: no halo-environment rate, emission spectrum, or detector comparison exists for obs_model_ii_forbidden_indirect.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete C/V-to-SM portal (e.g. kinetic mixing of V), compute the SS*BV rate at halo velocities and the V and bound-state decay spectra with PPPC4DMID or HDMSpectra, and recast against Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal and CMB energy-injection likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0411283_late_decoupling_lorentz_violating_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Late-decoupling Lorentz-violating fermion dark-sector component", "family": "coupled_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0411283", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Linear perturbation theory for the coupled fermion-condensate system has never been derived: the effective sound speed and anisotropic stress of the late-decoupling fermion fluid near the k=b group-velocity transition, and the stability and isotropy of perturbations of the time-like Lorentz-violating condensate itself (flagged in vector_like_perturbation_stability_context), are both underived, so no growth or matter-power prediction can even be formulated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linearized equations for the chiral fermion fluid with dispersion omega(k) set by b_mu (yielding c_s^2(k,z) and the free-streaming behavior driven by the near-unity group velocity at the acceleration epoch) together with the condensate perturbation equations, and establish the ghost/gradient stability region in (m, b, coupling scale) before any data comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1112_1939_composite_asymmetric_technibaryon_v1", "model_name": "Composite asymmetric techni-baryon dark matter from technicolor assisted leptogenesis", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1112.1939", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No benchmark technicolor implementation is specified: the techni-baryon S has unknown spin and statistics, no techni-hadron spectrum, and no technifermion charge assignments, so collider cross sections and even basic DM properties (form factors, self-interactions) cannot be computed for the recast step s4.", "proposed_resolution": "Define one or two explicit SU(N_TC) benchmark models (technifermion representations, charges, N_TC), compute the techni-hadron spectrum by scaled-up QCD or existing lattice results for the chosen representation, and implement the spectrum in a FeynRules/UFO model for MadGraph-based LHC recasting with tools like CheckMATE or SModelS.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_03333_u1x_dark_sector_scalar_phi0_dm_v1", "model_name": "U(1)_X dark-sector singlet-scalar phi0 dark matter", "family": "u1x_scalar_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.03333", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The nonthermal production mechanism required for phi0 to be all of dark matter in the diphoton-compatible region (m_phi0 above ~375 GeV, thermal relic orders of magnitude underabundant) is unspecified, so neither the relic abundance nor the resulting momentum distribution can be computed for the full-DM interpretation.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify and derive a concrete nonthermal channel consistent with the U(1)_X sector (e.g. late decay of the rho scalar, Z-prime, or vector-like fermions into phi0, or UV freeze-in through the Higgs portal), parameterize it by the parent lifetime and branching fraction, and solve the corresponding Boltzmann equations as an extension of the existing micrOMEGAs setup.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2004_13677_nonlinear_charged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nonlinear charged dark matter with K-mouflage screening", "family": "charged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2004.13677", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The microphysics is underspecified for early-universe evaluation: the nonlinear function L(Y,Z) is left arbitrary, the dark matter particle's spin/statistics are unspecified, and the asymmetric genesis mechanism setting the surviving charge density is explicitly deferred, so the relic abundance and any early-universe consistency checks cannot be computed from model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a benchmark completion: choose an explicit L(Y,Z) (e.g. Born-Infeld-like) and a fermionic carrier, derive an asymmetric-dark-matter genesis giving the required charge density, and check early-universe dark-radiation and dark-recombination constraints for the massless dark photon.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_11254_tsallis_wimp_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Tsallis-statistics WIMP freeze-out", "family": "thermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11254", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The framework specifies no concrete particle model (mediator, spin, annihilation final states), so no gamma-ray spectrum can be computed and the dwarf-spheroidal indirect-detection recast of the suppressed q0>1 cross-section targets cannot be performed.", "proposed_resolution": "Embed the Tsallis freeze-out in benchmark simplified models (e.g. s-wave annihilation to b bbar and tau+ tau-), generate spectra with standard tabulations (PPPC4DMID or MadDM), and recast against the combined Fermi-LAT/MAGIC dwarf-spheroidal likelihoods used as context in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_14981_long_range_dark_nuggets_v1", "model_name": "Long-range dark nuggets", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.14981", "score": 16.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The heating channel is under-specified for evaluation: the limits assume unspecified short-range scattering dominates energy deposition during transits (flagged high extrapolation risk), so the deposited energy cannot be computed from the stated Lagrangian L = g_n n n phi + g_X X phi alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nugget-nucleon energy-transfer cross section from an explicit constituent model (e.g. scalar-bound fermion nuggets with phi exchange), parameterize the deposition efficiency, and propagate it as an explicit parameter in the ignition calculation instead of the maximal-heating assumption.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_06320_stable_light_fermion_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Stable light fermion Higgs-portal dark matter in the five-dimensional weak-scale framework", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06320", "score": 10, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The optional weakly gauged fermion-number extension has no concrete benchmark: charges, dark-photon mass and coupling, and the N1 N1 -> dark photon annihilation cross section are unspecified, so the higher-T_reh viability region cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Write down the gauged-U(1) fermion-number Lagrangian with explicit charge assignments and dark-photon parameters, derive the N1 annihilation cross section to dark photons, and add the channel to the relic solver of gap_1 together with dark-radiation (N_eff) bookkeeping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 67, "rank_structure_formation": 81}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Indirect-detection likelihood (γ-ray / cosmic-ray / ν)", "n_gaps": 8, "n_models": 8, "weight": 231.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 23.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 7, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2, "small": 1, "major_program": 2, "large": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_07528_millicharged_cointeracting_dark_photon_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged co-interacting dark photon dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.07528", "score": 39, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Bullet Cluster self-interaction bound on the A'-chi co-interacting system is a generic momentum-exchange estimate, not calibrated by any cluster-merger simulation that includes a light-boson bath scattering off a subdominant fermion component.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective drag/momentum-transfer cross section for the two-component A'+chi fluid and calibrate it against existing merging-cluster SIDM simulation results, replacing the order-of-magnitude estimate with a validated exclusion contour in (f_chi, g_d).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_05025_hidden_qcd_dark_meson_v1", "model_name": "Conformal hidden-QCD dark meson model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.05025", "score": 37.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The hidden SU(3) chiral phase transition is treated only with an NJL effective Lagrangian scaled from QCD, and this effective-QCD treatment is flagged as the dominant systematic on the transition strength and hence the GW prediction; no lattice or other first-principles calibration exists for this hidden sector with vector-like fermions.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the NJL parameters against lattice simulations of SU(3) gauge theory with three light fundamental fermions at finite temperature (order and latent heat of the chiral transition), and propagate the calibrated potential into the bounce and GW pipeline as a systematic band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_12282_fopt_pbh_evaporation_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "FOPT-generated ultra-light PBH evaporation scalar dark matter", "family": "pbh_evaporation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.12282", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The (M_in, beta_PBH) output of the FOPT Fermi-ball/false-vacuum collapse step rests on analytic formation-efficiency assumptions; no simulation-calibrated public tool computes the PBH mass and abundance from a given dark-sector FOPT potential, which propagates uncertainty into both the GW and relic routes.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple a CosmoTransitions/PhaseTracer calculation of the dark-sector FOPT (nucleation rate, T_n, alpha_PT, beta_over_H) to a calibrated Fermi-ball collapse module, validated against published lattice/hydrodynamic studies of false-vacuum remnant collapse, and release it as a reusable (potential -> M_in, beta_PBH) tool.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_17488_confining_dark_baryon_inverse_seesaw_v1", "model_name": "Confining dark-baryon inverse-seesaw dark matter model", "family": "composite_dark_baryon_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.17488", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Dark-hadron masses and annihilation/decay matrix elements of the SU(3)_D sector with a single vector-like quark flavor are known only from dimensional analysis, making the relic-density and signal-rate predictions order-of-magnitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform a lattice calculation (or adapt existing lattice results for SU(3) with heavy fermions) of the baryon and meson spectrum and the baryon-annihilation matrix elements as functions of m_q/Lambda_D, and publish them as a parameterized spectrum model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_4765_nonthermal_wino_lsp_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal wino LSP dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.4765", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper's self-consistent GALPROP v50.1p configuration (diffusion, energy losses, magnetic field, halo profile, background source spectra) is not released, and the card notes recasts require the propagation configuration, not only the particle model, so the published PAMELA/Fermi comparisons cannot be reproduced or validated.", "proposed_resolution": "Reconstruct a B/C-, synchrotron-, and antiproton-consistent propagation configuration in modern GALPROP or DRAGON2, validate it against the paper's stated checks (B/C, WMAP haze, antiprotons), and archive the configuration files alongside the model card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1706_02722_smallest_non_abelian_chiral_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Smallest non-Abelian chiral dark-sector dark-proton dark matter", "family": "chiral_nonabelian_hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1706.02722", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "Dark-hadron inputs to the relic calculation (m_p_D/F_pi_D, g_A, dark pion and eta-prime spectrum, dark-nucleon annihilation matrix elements including multi-pion channels) are only estimated by scaling SM QCD, so the 10-100 TeV thermal mass window carries uncontrolled composite-sector uncertainties.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice gauge theory for the dark SU(3) sector with this fermion content to compute the hadron spectrum, F_pi_D, g_A, and dark-nucleon scalar/annihilation matrix elements, and feed them into a dedicated dark-chiral-perturbation-theory freeze-out code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_00859_fermi_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fermi-ball dark matter from a quartic dark-sector phase transition", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.00859", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Fermi-ball population step depends on bubble nucleation dynamics and the fermion trapping/filtering efficiency at the bubble wall, which are taken as analytic estimates from a generic quartic thermal potential with no nucleation computation or simulation-calibrated trapping fraction backing the (T_*, beta/H_*, trapping) inputs.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the nucleation rate, T_*, and beta/H_* for the quartic thermal potential with CosmoTransitions, and calibrate the dark-fermion trapping fraction with 1D bubble-wall/fermion-reflection simulations of the kind used for filtered-dark-matter studies, replacing the order-of-magnitude trapping assumption.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1004_3297_amsb_gravitino_decay_wino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "AMSB nonthermal wino dark matter from gravitino decay", "family": "nonthermal_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1004.3297", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The indirect-detection rates omit the Sommerfeld enhancement of wino annihilation, which the card flags as a caveat and which changes TeV-scale wino annihilation cross sections by large factors relative to the tree-level tool-chain output.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply published Sommerfeld-corrected wino annihilation cross sections (electroweak ladder resummation results available in the literature as fitting functions of m_chi1) as a correction layer on the DarkSUSY tree-level rates before the indirect-detection recast.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 68, "rank_structure_formation": 115}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Phase-transition & defect-network computation", "n_gaps": 9, "n_models": 9, "weight": 225.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 37.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2, "blocks_key_observables": 6, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 6, "medium": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "1907_11696_split_seesaw_bl_thermal_dilution_v1", "model_name": "split-seesaw B-L thermal sterile neutrino with entropy dilution", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.11696", "score": 37.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No first-order B-L phase-transition calculation exists for this model: the entropy-dilution factor Delta ~ O(1e2) and the momentum redshift factor are assumed inputs rather than outputs of the U(1)_B-L scalar potential, so the abundance and coldness cannot be predicted from Lagrangian parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the B-L breaking potential in CosmoTransitions (or a comparable bounce/effective-potential code) to compute the transition strength, latent heat, and entropy release as functions of the B-L gauge coupling and breaking scale, yielding Delta and the reheating of the SM bath.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition vector dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 35, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No gauge-invariant derivation exists for massive-vector particle production from runaway bubble collisions; the longitudinal-mode contribution is currently estimated through the Goldstone equivalence theorem with an ad hoc gauge-artifact subtraction that the primary paper says lacks a rigorous resolution, so the predicted V_mu yield carries uncontrolled theory systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the bubble-collision production rate for a vector coupled through lambda_V |phi|^2 V_mu V^mu in a manifestly gauge-invariant framework (e.g. a real-time treatment in unitary and R_xi gauges with explicit cross-checks of the longitudinal-mode contribution against the equivalence-theorem estimate), and quantify the shift across the wall-gamma and m_V range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_03252_fopt_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition scalar dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_heavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.03252", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No gauge-invariant derivation exists for scalar particle production from runaway bubble collisions; the primary paper removes unphysical gauge-dependent contributions with an ad hoc prescription and explicitly states a rigorous resolution is lacking, so the predicted phi_s yield carries uncontrolled theory systematics.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the bubble-collision production rate for a quartic-coupled scalar (lambda_s phi^2 phi_s^2 / 4) in a manifestly gauge-invariant framework (e.g. a real-time lattice treatment of the colliding field configurations with explicit gauge-cancellation checks), and quantify the shift relative to the paper's prescription across the wall-gamma and m_S range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_02273_affleck_dine_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated Affleck-Dine Q-ball dark matter with seed PBHs", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.02273", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing CMB spectral-distortion constraints (FIRAS-based mu/y limits with Green's-function thermalization) assume nearly Gaussian adiabatic curvature perturbations; no calculation exists of the distortion signal from rare, highly non-Gaussian high-baryon isocurvature bubbles, so the model's claimed evasion of the P_zeta < 1e-4 bound cannot be tested.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mu/y distortion from dissipating baryonic-isocurvature bubble profiles using the Green's-function thermalization method (e.g. extend CosmoTherm or the public sd Green's-function tables) with the HBB abundance and size distribution as input, and compare against FIRAS limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_06987_complex_singlet_cp_z2_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Complex singlet scalar dark matter with restored CP and Z2", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.06987", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative transport-equation calculation of the baryon asymmetry from the dimension-6 top CPV operator during the singlet-assisted phase transition exists in the card's routing, so the baryogenesis side of the joint scan (a derived quantity of the route) cannot be evaluated with a public tool.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the CP-violating source from the Lambda-suppressed top operator across the computed bubble-wall profile and solve the standard WKB/VEV-insertion electroweak-baryogenesis transport equations, packaged as a scan module coupled to the CosmoTransitions output.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_01270_low_mass_cpviolating_effective_idm_v1", "model_name": "Low-mass CP-violating effective inert-doublet dark matter", "family": "inert_doublet_effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01270", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The baryon asymmetry from the H_2 field-strength CP-violating operator is computed only via rough analytic estimates: no transport-equation (WKB or VEV-insertion) calculation with a computed bubble-wall profile exists for this operator, and the EDM comparison lacks RG and operator-basis control, so the BAU side of the joint relic-BAU claim carries uncontrolled uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the CPV source term for the |H_2|^2 V Vdual operator in a transport-equation framework using the wall profile from a finite-temperature computation, solve the diffusion network for the BAU over the 55-70 GeV window, and match tilde c_2 onto the electron-EDM basis with one-loop RG running against current and projected eEDM limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_12302_techni_pati_salam_composite_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Techni-Pati-Salam semi-integer-baryon-number composite dark matter", "family": "composite_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.12302", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relic mechanism assumes a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition in the composite pNGB Higgs sector, but no finite-temperature calculation of the TPS transition strength exists; without it the asymmetry-sharing link between dark matter and baryons is unverified.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the finite-temperature effective potential of the composite pNGB Higgs sector (chiral-Lagrangian or holographic treatment with lattice-informed low-energy constants) and evaluate the transition order and strength, e.g. feeding the effective potential into CosmoTransitions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_01270_high_mass_effective_idm_derivative_variant_v1", "model_name": "High-mass effective inert-doublet derivative-operator dark matter variant", "family": "inert_doublet_effective_field_theory_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01270", "score": 18.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The baryon asymmetry from the H_1 CP-violating field-strength operator is only a rough analytic estimate: no transport-equation calculation of the CPV source across the bubble wall exists for this operator, and the matching onto the electron-EDM operator basis lacks RG running, so the BAU-versus-EDM tension is not quantitatively controlled.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the CP-violating source term for the H_1 field-strength operator in a WKB/VEV-insertion transport-equation framework with the computed wall profile, solve the diffusion network for the BAU, and match tilde c_1 onto the low-energy EDM basis with one-loop RG running to compare against current and projected electron-EDM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2103_13397_local_b_l_majorana_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Local baryon-and-lepton-number Majorana dark matter", "family": "gauged_baryon_lepton_majorana_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.13397", "score": 17.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The GW-extension route cannot be evaluated because the scalar potential of the S_B/S_L sector is not specified for this benchmark, so no phase-transition or defect GW spectrum can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify the S_B/S_L scalar potential and symmetry-breaking pattern, determine whether strings, walls, or a first-order transition arise, and compute Omega_GW(f) with CosmoTransitions plus standard sound-wave/defect spectral templates at (v_B, v_L).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 69, "rank_structure_formation": 91}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Dwarf-galaxy dynamics & density profiles", "n_gaps": 9, "n_models": 9, "weight": 218.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 7, "weight_structure_formation": 166.2, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 4, "minor": 2, "blocks_key_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 7, "large": 1, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1804_10249_six_flavor_quark_matter_nugget_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Six-flavor quark matter nugget dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_quark_nugget_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.10249", "score": 39.75, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No quantitative rate and signature model exists for the proposed transient probes: photon emission from nugget collisions with compact stars and with other nuggets is described only qualitatively, with no derived energy-deposition spectrum, event rate, or detectability estimate for the 6FQM benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the energy deposition and photon light curve for a 1e10 g, 1e2 cm nugget impacting a neutron star or white dwarf surface, combine with the halo flux calculation into a per-survey transient rate, and identify which existing transient surveys bound or could detect the predicted events.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_03414_left_right_mirror_sterile_dirac_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Left-right mirror symmetric sterile Dirac fermion CDM", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.03414", "score": 28.6, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No mapping exists from the phi^0-mediated N1 self-scattering amplitude to the velocity-dependent SIDM transfer cross section sigma_T/m needed to confront halo-scale self-interaction constraints; the source explicitly defers this to future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute sigma_T/m for N1-N1 scattering via light phi^0 exchange (Born/classical/resonant regimes as in standard light-mediator SIDM analyses) over the benchmark m_N1 and m_phi0 range, and recast against published dwarf-to-cluster SIDM cross-section constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_03404_mirrored_gut_composite_adm_v1", "model_name": "Mirrored GUT composite asymmetric dark baryon model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1907.03404", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The velocity-dependent dark-baryon self-interaction cross section sigma/m from dark-meson exchange is not computed anywhere in the card (status 'unknown'), so the small-scale-structure observable cannot be evaluated against dwarf and cluster halo constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark nucleon-nucleon potential from dark-meson exchange (rescaling chiral-EFT nucleon-nucleon machinery to the dark confinement scale), solve the Schrodinger equation for the velocity-dependent transfer cross section, and compare against the standard dwarf-to-cluster sigma/m(v) constraint compilation.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1910_04311_z2_fermion_dark_u1_bound_states_v1", "model_name": "Z2 fermion dark matter from broken local U(1) with bound states", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.04311", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The velocity-dependent self-interaction cross section (elastic and chi1-chi2 inelastic up-scattering through R and transverse/longitudinal A' exchange) is never derived for halo velocities, so the model's SIDM phenomenology named in the card cannot be confronted with small-scale-structure constraints.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled-channel Schrodinger problem for chi1chi1 -> chi1chi1 and chi1chi1 -> chi2chi2 scattering with the model's Yukawa-plus-vector potentials over dwarf-to-cluster velocities, and map sigma_T/m onto published SIDM constraints, reusing existing inelastic-SIDM coupled-channel machinery.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_13758_symmetric_atomic_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric ultraheavy atomic dark matter freeze-out through rearrangement", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13758", "score": 23.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The velocity-dependent dark-atom elastic self-scattering cross section (and hence sigma/m on dwarf-to-cluster velocity scales) has not been derived for this ultraheavy symmetric atom, so the small-scale-structure observable cannot be reduced to a testable halo cross section.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute partial-wave atom-atom scattering (elastic plus hyperfine/inelastic channels) as a function of alpha_D, m_p/m_e, and relative velocity, following existing atomic-dark-matter scattering calculations, and tabulate sigma_T/m over halo velocity scales for recasting against SIDM halo constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2306_03145_qcd_axion_mediated_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion-mediated Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.03145", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-scattering treatment neglects the potentially sizable Sommerfeld enhancement for pseudoscalar axion exchange, so sigma_T/m_chi in the low-velocity dwarf-galaxy regime is not reliably computed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the nonperturbative self-scattering cross section by solving the Schrodinger equation with the axion-exchange pseudoscalar potential (adapting existing SIDM Yukawa-potential partial-wave codes to the pseudoscalar/tensor structure) and tabulate sigma_T(v) over the halo velocity range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_3739_big_bang_dark_nucleosynthesis_nuclear_dm_v1", "model_name": "Big-Bang Dark Nucleosynthesis nuclear dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3739", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The self-interaction constraint on dark nuclei is not computable: the geometric elastic, fusion, and fission cross sections at late times have not been mapped onto a sigma/m(v) that halo-scale SIDM bounds can be applied to, and the linear transfer function of the composite population is unknown.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective sigma/m for the final A distribution from the geometric scaling laws (including inelastic fusion channels) and compare against dwarf and cluster SIDM bounds; check the pre-aggregation dark-sector coupling era for acoustic damping of the linear power spectrum with a CLASS-style interacting-dark-matter run.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1905_13116_low_scale_hypercolor_axion_domain_wall_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale hypercolor axion-domain-wall dark sector", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.13116", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The velocity-dependent self-interaction cross section sigma/m(v) for HC glueballs/glueballinos scattering via glueball exchange has not been derived; without a dark-hadron potential model the SIDM halo recast (core/cusp impact, dwarf-scale constraints) cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive a Yukawa-like effective potential from glueball exchange between HC bound states (mediator mass ~ Lambda_HC glueball mass, coupling from large-N or lattice glueball self-couplings), solve the Schrodinger scattering problem for sigma_T(v), and map onto standard SIDM halo constraints on sigma/m at dwarf and cluster velocities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_13716_dark_su3_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(3) scalar glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.13716", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The glueball self-scattering cross section per mass sigma/m_gb has not been computed from the low-energy glueball EFT, so halo-scale SIDM constraints (dwarf-to-cluster, Bullet Cluster) cannot be recast onto the (Lambda, xi_T) parameter space and no self-interaction likelihood exists for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the 2-to-2 scalar glueball elastic cross section from the lattice-normalized glueball EFT self-couplings (sigma proportional to 1/(Lambda^2) times coupling factors), map sigma/m_gb onto the standard SIDM constraint plane, and recast published cluster/dwarf self-interaction bounds onto Lambda.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 70, "rank_structure_formation": 52}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 8, "n_models": 8, "weight": 217.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 3, "weight_structure_formation": 96.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 3, "blocks_all_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 4}, "effort_counts": {"large": 4, "medium": 4}, "members": [{"model_id": "1909_07706_dark_fermion_relaxion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-fermion-production relaxion warm dark matter", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.07706", "score": 48.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The entropy dilution factor S that rescues the factor-of-10^3 overabundance is a free multiplicative parameter with no specified entropy-injection sector, so the relic abundance prediction is not closed and BBN consistency of the dilution epoch cannot be checked.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete dilution mechanism (e.g. late decay of the companion relaxion-sector scalar before BBN), compute S from its mass, coupling, and decay temperature with standard entropy-injection Boltzmann equations, and propagate the associated heating of f(p) into the structure-formation step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2109_01678_ultralight_axion_dark_su3_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight axion dark matter from a dark SU(3)d confining phase transition", "family": "ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.01678", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark glueball decay or annihilation mechanism is unspecified, so the glueball relic abundance and its contribution to Delta N_eff or matter overclosure cannot be computed, leaving the glueball-viability output of the constraint step unevaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a glueball disposal channel (e.g. dimension-8 operators to SM photons or decay into lighter axions), then compute the glueball freeze-out and decay history with a dark-sector Boltzmann calculation to obtain the surviving glueball density and Delta N_eff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2309_13407_explicit_chiral_axion_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Explicit chiral-breaking axion-neutrino misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13407", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No model exists for the density-fluctuation spectrum sourced by the late transition — the bubble collision and axion-field rearrangement dynamics after recombination have not been translated into a matter perturbation source term, leaving the paper's central observable qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the post-transition axion density-contrast power spectrum from bubble nucleation statistics (bubble size distribution and wall energy release) in the linear-cosmology background, producing an initial-condition transfer that can be handed to a Boltzmann code.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1809_11021_ddm_mathusla_toy_ensemble_v1", "model_name": "Dynamical dark matter MATHUSLA toy ensemble", "family": "dynamical_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.11021", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The card provides no phase-space distribution and no structure-formation characterization for the mixed cold/warm ensemble (all linear and nonlinear fields are unknown), so no matter-power or halo-abundance observable can even be defined for this parameterization.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive per-component momentum distributions for representative production mechanisms (misalignment vs freeze-out) under the DDM scaling laws and implement the multi-component species in CLASS to obtain transfer functions, extending the decaying-CDM CLASS branches to a spectrum of lifetimes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1806_04690_string_moduli_star_compact_object_dm_v1", "model_name": "String moduli star compact-object dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04690", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative formation and population model exists that converts an initial moduli-field abundance and early matter-era perturbation growth into a present-day moduli-star mass function and dark-matter fraction; relic abundance is entirely unspecified.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive a semi-analytic formation model adapting the axion-miniclister/oscillon formation literature: evolve moduli density perturbations through an early matter-dominated era, apply a Press-Schechter-style collapse criterion, and calibrate the condensation efficiency with 3+1 scalar-field lattice simulations to output a compact-object mass function and f_DM.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1807_03309_singlet_majoron_dm_extension_v1", "model_name": "Singlet majoron extension with majoron or sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "majoron_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1807.03309", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The majoron-DM branch has no specified production mechanism: the paper states ordinary freeze-out, freeze-in, and misalignment underproduce the majoron for 1-100 GeV sterile neutrinos, and the card leaves the required exotic production route undefined, so no abundance calculation can even be set up for this branch.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify at least one concrete UV production completion (e.g. majoron misalignment with an explicit soft-breaking potential, or production from lepton-number scalar decays after a first-order transition), derive its abundance formula, and only then implement it in a Boltzmann solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1010_3431_scalar_graviton_soft_core_halo_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-graviton soft-core halo dark matter", "family": "modified_gravity_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1010.3431", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No cosmological production or perturbation framework exists for the coherent scalar-graviton field: the card records all linear structure-formation, abundance, and thermal-history entries as unknown, so the model currently cannot be evaluated against any cosmological observable beyond z=0 halo phenomenology.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the background evolution and linear perturbation equations of the scalar-graviton mode in an FRW spacetime for the unimodular bimode theory (the analog of misalignment production and an effective sound speed), a prerequisite for any future CLASS-type implementation of CMB and matter-power predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2102_03631_fnpq_dfsz_type_i_flavored_axion_v1", "model_name": "FNPQ DFSZ type-I flavored axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.03631", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The card specifies no concrete resolution of the N>1 DFSZ stable-domain-wall problem (inflationary dilution versus an explicit PQ-breaking bias), so the cosmological viability check in the route and the choice between misalignment-only and string/wall-augmented abundance predictions cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive, for this model's charge assignments, the maximal Planck-suppressed or explicit PQ-breaking bias term consistent with strong-CP quality, and apply published biased-domain-wall network simulation results (annihilation time and axion emission) to determine the viable (f_a, bias) region; alternatively fix the pre-inflationary-breaking branch and propagate the corresponding isocurvature bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 71, "rank_structure_formation": 63}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "CMB likelihood & ΔN_eff machinery", "n_gaps": 8, "n_models": 8, "weight": 215.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 1, "degrades_precision": 7}, "effort_counts": {"small": 8}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_subcomponent_lmutau_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged dark matter subcomponent with L_mu-L_tau vector depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 37, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The multi-channel exclusion curves (CMB millicharge damping, BBN, SN1987A, SLAC and other laboratory bounds) that define the surviving EDGES window are not available in machine-readable form, so the constraint_overlay step is only approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published exclusion curves in the (epsilon, m_chi, f_DM) plane from the source papers and assemble them into a machine-readable combined-bound product attached to the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_02804_millicharged_hidden_scalar_depletion_v1", "model_name": "Millicharged Dirac dark matter with hidden-scalar depletion", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.02804", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The multi-channel exclusion curves (CMB millicharge damping, BBN, SN1987A, SLAC and other laboratory bounds) that define the surviving EDGES window are not available in machine-readable form, so the constraint_overlay step is only approximate.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published exclusion curves in the (epsilon, m_chi, f_DM) plane from the source papers and assemble them into a machine-readable combined-bound product attached to the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1803_10096_charge_sequestration_charged_x_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charge-sequestration charged-X dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.10096", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable, recast compilation of the CMB millicharge limits, stellar/supernova cooling bounds, and collider/beam-dump/direct-detection exclusions exists in the (m_X, epsilon_X, f_X) parameterization needed to delimit the sub-eV, MeV, and heavy multicharged windows for the charge-sequestration scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published Planck millicharge, stellar/SN cooling, and laboratory exclusion curves cited by the paper, recast them to (m_X, epsilon_X) at fixed dark-matter fraction f_X, and package the overlay as a reusable constraint module for the route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_lmu_ltau_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic U(1) L_mu-L_tau charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The L_mu-L_tau mediator-plane constraint set (BABAR 4-mu, neutrino trident, LHC, BBN/Delta N_eff exclusions, and the muon g-2 and Hubble-tension preferred bands) is attached to the card only as the primary paper's figure; no machine-readable contours in the (m_Z_prime, g_mu_tau) plane are stored for automated overlay.", "proposed_resolution": "Import or digitize the standard published L_mu-L_tau constraint compilation (BABAR e+e- -> 4mu, CCFR neutrino trident, LHC Z -> 4mu, BBN/Delta N_eff, and the (g-2)_mu 2-sigma band) into tabulated (m_Z_prime, g_mu_tau) curves stored as registry data products.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09409_generalized_hilltop_reheating_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal vector-like fermion dark matter from generalized Hilltop reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.09409", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's numerical inputs are unreliable at the digit level: OCR garbles inequality symbols and dataset labels, and the paper's benchmark tables and m_chi-y_chi-T_R allowed-region plots have not been digitized, so the constraint overlay cannot be reproduced as recastable bands.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract the benchmark parameter tables, exact coupling inequalities, and the named 2018 CMB n_s-r likelihood combination directly from the published PDF, and digitize the parameter-space contours into machine-readable allowed-region tables for the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_09409_nonminimal_coleman_weinberg_reheating_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal vector-like fermion dark matter from non-minimal Coleman-Weinberg reheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.09409", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's numerical inputs are unreliable at the digit level: OCR garbles inequality symbols and dataset labels, and the paper's benchmark tables and m_chi-y_chi-T_R allowed-region plots have not been digitized, so the constraint overlay cannot be reproduced as recastable bands.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract the benchmark parameter tables, exact coupling inequalities, and the named 2018 CMB n_s-r likelihood combination directly from the published PDF, and digitize the parameter-space contours into machine-readable allowed-region tables for the registry.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "0906_5021_chaotic_braneworld_inflaton_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Chaotic braneworld inflaton-remnant dark matter", "family": "inflaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0906.5021", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's numeric bounds on the allowed preheating coupling g and the M_5 window are unreliable because inequality signs and powers of ten are degraded in the OCR-extracted source text, so the viable parameter region cannot be reused quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-extract the coupling and M_5 inequalities directly from the published arXiv:0906.5021 source (or rederive them from the phi_* = m/g abundance condition and the CMB-fixed m/M_5 relation) and update the card's numeric fields.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_11038_light_scalar_mediator_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Light scalar mediator freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.11038", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The stellar-cooling and BBN/N_eff bounds that dominate the viable parameter space are only stated qualitatively; no digitized constraint compilation on the Higgs-mixed scalar coupling (g_f or theta versus m_phi) is attached to the card, so the allowed windows cannot be drawn quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published stellar energy-loss (sun, HB stars, red giants, SN) and BBN/N_eff exclusion curves for a light Higgs-mixed scalar into constraint tables in the (m_phi, theta) plane for direct use in scans.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 72}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "PTA / stochastic GW background likelihood", "n_gaps": 10, "n_models": 10, "weight": 210.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 3, "weight_structure_formation": 88.5, "severity_counts": {"minor": 2, "blocks_key_observables": 7, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 7, "small": 2, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1609_00208_hidden_sector_phase_transition_axion_minicluster_dm_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector phase-transition axion minicluster dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.00208", "score": 36, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The stochastic gravitational-wave background from the slow, strongly coupled hidden-sector transition is not computed anywhere in the route (the card lists the GW calculator as an unavailable required resource), so obs_hidden_phase_transition_gw cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt standard phase-transition GW spectrum calculations (bubble-collision/sound-wave templates as in CosmoTransitions-style analyses) to the slow H Delta t ~ 1, large latent-heat regime, mapping (T_*, Delta s/s_plus, H Delta t) to a predicted spectrum and detector band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_16568_cp_conserving_cxsm_domain_wall_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-conserving complex singlet scalar dark matter with biased domain walls", "family": "complex_singlet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.16568", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No end-to-end public implementation ties the cxSM potential parameters to a joint numerical evaluation: a micrOMEGAs model file for the CP-conserving cxSM plus a wrapper feeding the domain-wall GW template into PTA stochastic-background likelihoods and the LZ spin-independent recast has not been released (route status planned, all recast steps have tool_or_code null).", "proposed_resolution": "Build the cxSM CalcHEP/FeynRules model file for micrOMEGAs, implement the biased-wall Omega_GW(f) template as a custom signal in a PTA analysis framework (e.g., PTArcade/ENTERPRISE with NANOGrav 15-yr data), and add the sigma_SI output to an LZ limit comparison, releasing the scan scripts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_11820_broken_u1_asymmetric_self_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spontaneously broken U(1)' asymmetric self-interacting dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.11820", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark U(1)' first-order phase transition is not implemented anywhere: no finite-temperature effective potential for the S_1/S_2 dark Higgs sector is coded, so the nucleation temperature, latent heat alpha_PT, beta/H, and the resulting GW peak frequency and amplitude cannot be computed beyond the paper's order-of-magnitude benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-dark-Higgs finite-temperature potential in CosmoTransitions (or an equivalent bounce solver), compute T_n, alpha_PT, and beta/H over the MeV-scale transition benchmark, and feed them into standard sound-wave/bubble-collision GW spectral templates compared against PTA and microHz-band sensitivities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2309_01739_qcd_axion_domain_wall_pbh_mixed_dm_v1", "model_name": "QCD-axion domain-wall PBH mixed dark matter scenario", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.01739", "score": 25.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calculator exists for the stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum Omega_GW(f) emitted by collapsing axion domain walls bounded by strings in this late-re-entry scenario, so the GW observable cannot be compared quantitatively to detector sensitivities.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the GW emission from wall-bounded-by-string collapse (quadrupole estimate calibrated by the lattice simulation of gap_1) and package it as an Omega_GW(f; T_en, f_a, m_a) template comparable to PTA and space/ground interferometer sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_01653_pbh_stiff_kination_cosmology_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black hole dark matter from an early stiff/kination epoch", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1912.01653", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released calculator computes the first- plus second-order stochastic GW spectrum through a constant-w stiff era ending at T1: existing induced-GW codes assume radiation domination, so the kination-enhanced spectra and their frequency breaks must currently be reproduced by hand from the paper's semi-analytic formulas, and only sensitivity-curve overlays (no likelihoods) exist for comparison.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public scalar-induced GW code (e.g. SIGWfast) with the general-w Green's-function kernel and the stiff-to-radiation transition at T1, validate against the paper's T1 = 490 GeV benchmark spectra, and connect the output to LVK stochastic-search and PTA free-spectrum likelihoods plus the Omega_GW h^2 < ~2e-7 radiation-density bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0604270_susy_so10_mixed_lsp_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric SO(10) mixed LSP-neutrino dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0604270", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The cosmic-string and hybrid-inflation structure-seeding observable has no quantitative pipeline: the string tension implied by the B-L breaking scale M_G has not been propagated through a string-network CMB/gravitational-wave calculation or compared to current CMB and PTA bounds.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute G mu from the model's M_G, run an unconnected-segment-model string code (CMBACT-class) for the CMB contribution and a standard stochastic-background calculation for the string gravitational-wave spectrum, and compare against published Planck string bounds and PTA limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2308_03724_qg_broken_z2_scalar_dm_domain_wall_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-gravity-broken Z2 singlet scalar dark matter with domain walls", "family": "singlet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2308.03724", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public calculator produces the domain-wall stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum Omega_GW(f) with its PTA likelihood for the biased S_1 wall network: wall tension from (v_1, lambda_1), bias from the Lambda_QG-suppressed operators, T_ann, and the lattice-calibrated spectral shape are not wired into any reusable pipeline.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the lattice-calibrated scaling-law domain-wall spectrum (Hiramatsu-Kawasaki-Saikawa parameterization) as a function of (v_1, lambda_1, Lambda_QG), and evaluate it against NANOGrav 15-yr/IPTA data through PTArcade's new-physics likelihood, including the BBN wall-decay safety cut.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_09299_axion_kination_kinetic_misalignment_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion kination dark matter from kinetic misalignment", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.09299", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public pipeline computes the triangular stochastic-GW feature from a primordial tensor spectrum transferred through matter-kination eras and evaluates it against detector sensitivities; both the transfer calculation for general (T_MK, T_KR) and the LISA/PTA/ground-interferometer likelihood evaluation are absent.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a GW transfer-function calculator that numerically evolves tensor modes across the matter-kination-radiation sequence, package the resulting Omega_gw(f; T_MK, T_KR, r) template, and interface it with stochastic-background analysis tools (LISA SGWB pipelines, PTA free-spectrum fits) including astrophysical foregrounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_double_inflation_red_tilt_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Double-inflation red-tilted primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No second-order induced-GW integrator is bundled to map the extended red-tilted second-stage curvature spectrum to Omega_SGW(f) over the broad frequency range relevant for PTA exclusion; the card records only the primary paper's analytic computation with no numerical recomputation.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a public second-order induced-GW integrator (SIGWfast-class) and wire it to the model's parameterized extended red-tilted P_R(k) (amplitude, tilt, cutoff scales), validating against the primary paper's broad SGW spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_05279_running_mass_inflation_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Running-mass inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_hole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.05279", "score": 0.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No second-order induced-GW integrator is bundled to map the running-mass curvature spectrum (peaked by large higher-order spectral runnings) to Omega_SGW(f) across the wide PTA frequency range; the card records only the primary paper's analytic computation with no numerical recomputation.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a public second-order induced-GW integrator (SIGWfast-class) and wire it to the running-mass P_R(k) parameterized by n_s and its runnings, validating against the primary paper's SGW spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 73, "rank_structure_formation": 65}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Compact-object capture & heating", "n_gaps": 8, "n_models": 8, "weight": 202.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 31.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 1, "degrades_precision": 4, "blocks_key_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 8}, "members": [{"model_id": "1909_04072_mirror_star_dissipative_mirror_baryon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-star dissipative mirror-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.04072", "score": 37.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No released code implements the SM capture/self-capture rate and the captured-nugget thermal structure (ionization, opacity, temperature across optically thin/thick regimes), which is the step converting stellar profiles and epsilon into observable luminosities.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's capture and nugget thermal-balance equations as an open-source module taking MESA-style profiles, ISM density, and epsilon as inputs and returning nugget size, temperature, and opacity, validated against the paper's benchmark luminosities and >100-light-year reach.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_5870_kev_sterile_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Single keV sterile-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.5870", "score": 31.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector response and background model exists for the beta-endpoint capture signature: the card computes the ideal capture rate and line position but notes that target activity, energy resolution, and backgrounds were not modeled, so laboratory sensitivity cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a beta-spectrum endpoint simulation (KATRIN/PTOLEMY-style response convolution with target activity and resolution parameters for tritium and 106Ru) and derive projected sensitivity contours in (m_4, |V_e4|^2).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_15016_lepton_number_scalar_capture_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-number-two ultralight scalar dark matter for neutrinoless double beta capture", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.15016", "score": 25.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented forward model maps (m_phi, eta, g, rho_DM) to the scalar-capture rate and effective 0nubb half-life per isotope: the primary paper gives only a benchmark 136Xe scaling estimate, and the nuclear-matrix-element dependence is not encoded anywhere runnable.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's capture-rate formulas as a small numerical code that takes published 0nubb nuclear matrix element tables (QRPA/shell-model values for 136Xe, 76Ge, 100Mo) and detector energy resolution, outputting half-life versus (m_phi, eta, g) for each isotope.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m1_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with right-handed scalar mediator Model 1", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the in-medium hyperon dark-decay emissivity in a proto-neutron star for this model; the SN1987A bound is applied only via the analytic L_d < 3e52 erg/s criterion with unmodeled in-medium rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement in-medium hyperon abundances and dark-decay widths on public proto-neutron-star simulation profiles (e.g. Garching-style models) and apply the Raffelt luminosity criterion, packaged as a reusable SN1987A cooling module for dark-baryon operators.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_scalar_mediator_m2_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with scalar mediator Model 2", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the in-medium hyperon dark-decay emissivity in a proto-neutron star for this model; the SN1987A bound is applied only via the analytic L_d < 3e52 erg/s criterion with unmodeled in-medium rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement in-medium hyperon abundances and dark-decay widths on public proto-neutron-star simulation profiles (e.g. Garching-style models) and apply the Raffelt luminosity criterion, packaged as a reusable SN1987A cooling module for dark-baryon operators.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_12712_dark_baryon_vector_mediator_m3_v1", "model_name": "Dark baryon model with vector mediator Model 3", "family": "dark_baryon_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.12712", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes the in-medium hyperon dark-decay emissivity in a proto-neutron star for this model; the SN1987A bound is applied only via the analytic L_d < 3e52 erg/s criterion with unmodeled in-medium rates.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement in-medium hyperon abundances and dark-decay widths on public proto-neutron-star simulation profiles (e.g. Garching-style models) and apply the Raffelt luminosity criterion, packaged as a reusable SN1987A cooling module for dark-baryon operators.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_02413_muon_g2_higgs_coupled_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Muon-g-2 Model I Higgs-coupled Majorana WIMP", "family": "muon_g2_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "2204.02413", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes relativistic dark-matter capture and kinetic-plus-annihilation heating in neutron stars for a muon-coupled Majorana WIMP, including Pauli blocking, general-relativistic corrections, equation-of-state-dependent muon fractions, and multi-target (nucleon plus muon) scattering; the paper's heating results cannot be reproduced from released tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relativistic capture formalism of the Bell-Busoni-Robles-Virgato type as an open code with selectable neutron-star equations of state (e.g. BSk or QMC families) providing radial neutron, proton, and muon profiles, taking the model's per-target cross sections from step s1 as input and outputting capture rate and equilibrium surface temperature.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_02413_muon_g2_leptophilic_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Muon-g-2 Model II leptophilic Majorana WIMP without tree-level Higgs coupling", "family": "muon_g2_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "2204.02413", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public code computes relativistic dark-matter capture and heating in neutron stars for a leptophilic Majorana WIMP scattering off the star's muon population (plus loop-suppressed nucleon channels), including Pauli blocking, general-relativistic corrections, and equation-of-state-dependent muon fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the relativistic capture formalism of the Bell-Busoni-Robles-Virgato type as an open code with equation-of-state families (BSk/QMC) supplying radial muon and nucleon number densities, taking the model's per-target cross sections as input and returning capture rates and equilibrium surface temperatures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 74, "rank_structure_formation": 97}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 9, "n_models": 9, "weight": 198.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 29.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 4, "minor": 3, "blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 6, "medium": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "2309_16122_pbh_evaporated_wimpy_baryogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "PBH-evaporated non-thermal WIMPy baryogenesis dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.16122", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No microscopic Lagrangian for the B- and CP-violating annihilation sector is specified, so the CP asymmetry epsilon_CP and the washout rates that can erase Y_B are free parameters rather than derived quantities, leaving the washout_baryogenesis constraint unevaluable model-by-model.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt a concrete WIMPy-baryogenesis benchmark model (e.g. the exotic-quark plus pseudo-Dirac mediator setup of the original WIMPy baryogenesis literature), derive epsilon_CP and the inverse/washout reaction rates from its couplings, and feed them into the Boltzmann module instead of free parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1108_2282_dfsz_axino_cdm_v1", "model_name": "DFSZ axino cold dark matter", "family": "axino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1108.2282", "score": 29.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The DFSZ thermal axino production rate itself carries an order-of-magnitude uncertainty in the card, from the treatment of higgsino-decay versus scattering contributions across reheating temperatures, which propagates directly into the relic-density bands.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the DFSZ axino thermal production rate with consistent finite-temperature field theory (hard-thermal-loop resummation of the Higgs/higgsino channels analogous to gauge-scattering treatments in the KSVZ case) and publish the yield Y(T_R, f_a, mu, tan beta) as a tabulated module.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2003_13963_lsp_hilltop_supernatural_inflation_v1", "model_name": "LSP dark matter in Affleck-Dine hilltop supernatural inflation", "family": "supersymmetric_lsp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.13963", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The LSP sector is unspecified beyond a wino/gaugino example: no SUSY spectrum, annihilation cross section, or gravitino mass relation is fixed, so the dark-matter side of the route cannot be evaluated quantitatively for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Define one or more benchmark MSSM spectra (e.g. wino LSP at 100 GeV - 3 TeV with fixed m_3/2) consistent with the paper's reheating windows, so that sigma_v and gravitino yields become computable inputs for micrOMEGAs/DarkSUSY.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_right_handed_neutrino_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Right-handed neutrino superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The paper forgoes a production model: no mechanism is specified that generates the required degenerate right-handed-neutrino background with order-unity mu/T, so the relic abundance is only phenomenologically parameterized and cannot be tied to fundamental parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct and solve a concrete production scenario (e.g. leptogenesis-like asymmetric generation or a scalar decay channel producing the degenerate nu_R sea), deriving mu and T_creation from initial conditions so the abundance and Delta N_eff become predictions rather than inputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2405_08874_vector_like_quark_condensate_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-like quark color-superconducting condensate dark matter", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.08874", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No production mechanism is specified for the required degenerate vector-like-quark background: the formation history (mu, T_creation) is assumed rather than derived, leaving the relic abundance only phenomenologically parameterized.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct a concrete cosmological production scenario (e.g. asymmetric generation of VLQ number tied to the baryon asymmetry, or out-of-equilibrium decay of a heavy scalar) and solve the corresponding Boltzmann equations so mu and T_creation follow from initial conditions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_01072_supercooled_singlet_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extremely supercooled singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.01072", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No validated derivation of the entropy-dilution factor exists for singlet dark matter that freezes out before an extremely supercooled electroweak phase transition (T_f > T_p with T_p near 1 GeV): the card flags that previously published dilution formulas may not apply here and that a specific dynamic study of freeze-out during vacuum-energy domination and post-percolation reheating to T_reh is still missing, so the post-transition relic density cannot be reliably computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Solve the coupled Boltzmann equations for the singlet number density through the vacuum-domination epoch, bubble percolation, and reheating (including possible re-annihilation if T_reh approaches T_f), deriving a dilution factor D(T_f, T_p, T_reh, alpha) valid in the extreme-supercooling limit, and package it as a module downstream of the transition solver.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_11993_heavy_adm_higgs_portal_wd_ignition_v1", "model_name": "Heavy asymmetric fermion dark matter with Higgs-mixed scalar portal white-dwarf ignition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.11993", "score": 18.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No concrete production cosmology is specified for the super-heavy asymmetric X abundance (the paper explicitly leaves the cosmological model parameters to future work), so relic-density consistency, the required primordial asymmetry, and survival of the asymmetric population against annihilation cannot be checked for any benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct an explicit super-heavy asymmetric dark matter cosmology (asymmetry generation plus late-decaying-field depletion of the symmetric component and mediator decay before BBN) and derive the allowed (m_X, asymmetry) region that yields Omega_DM h^2 = 0.12, so registry benchmarks can be tied to a viable production history.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1904_11993_heavy_adm_vector_portal_wd_ignition_v1", "model_name": "Heavy asymmetric fermion dark matter with vector portal white-dwarf ignition", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1904.11993", "score": 18.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No concrete production cosmology is specified for the super-heavy asymmetric X abundance (the paper explicitly leaves the cosmological model parameters to future work), so relic-density consistency, the required primordial asymmetry, and survival of the asymmetric population against annihilation through the light U(1)_D mediator cannot be checked for any benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct an explicit super-heavy asymmetric dark matter cosmology (asymmetry generation plus late-decaying-field depletion of the symmetric component, with the dark photon decaying to SM states before BBN) and derive the allowed (m_X, asymmetry, epsilon) region that yields Omega_DM h^2 = 0.12, so registry benchmarks can be tied to a viable production history.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_06611_millicharged_dirac_neutrino_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "Subcomponent millicharged Dirac dark matter with neutrino annihilation", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.06611", "score": 18, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The mediator generating the required neutrino annihilation channel is unspecified in the model, so laboratory, fixed-target, and astrophysical constraints on that sector cannot be evaluated or recast against the freeze-out-required sigma_v_nu.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct at least one explicit UV completion (e.g. a light B-L or neutrinophilic scalar/vector mediator) that yields the needed sigma_v_nu, and check its couplings against existing neutrino-portal laboratory and astrophysical limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 75, "rank_structure_formation": 104}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "CMB likelihood & ΔN_eff machinery", "n_gaps": 6, "n_models": 6, "weight": 184.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 3, "weight_structure_formation": 109.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 3, "degrades_precision": 3}, "effort_counts": {"large": 6}, "members": [{"model_id": "1810_09474_unified_superfluid_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Unified superfluid dark sector", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1810.09474", "score": 41, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The nonlinear equations for the two-phase (superfluid core plus normal envelope) structure are derived but not solved, and simulation_calibrated = no, so halo and subhalo mass-function effects and cluster-scale predictions are uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run nonlinear structure-formation simulations of the two-state superfluid (SPH-like two-fluid or Gross-Pitaevskii-based solver in the condensed regions) to calibrate core sizes, halo mass functions, and the cluster normal-phase fraction against the paper's fiducial parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2301_07718_dilaton_resonant_dark_photon_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark photon dark matter from an oscillating dilaton", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.07718", "score": 36.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No 3+1D nonlinear lattice simulation of the dilaton-vector system W(phi) F F with a Proca mass exists to capture backreaction, condensate depletion efficiency, vortex formation, and the final dark-photon spectrum; the route explicitly lists this as a required code resource and current abundance numbers are order-of-magnitude only.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public lattice field-theory code (e.g. CosmoLattice, which supports gauge and scalar fields) with the dilatonic kinetic function W(phi)=exp(phi/M) and a massive vector, and scan the (m_A/m_phi, phi_0/M, M) space around the m_A=m_phi/2 resonance to calibrate transfer efficiency and final spectra.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_07269_alp_dark_photon_magnetogenesis_dm_v1", "model_name": "ALP dark matter with dark-photon late-time magnetogenesis", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07269", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public lattice code covers the coupled ALP-dark-photon-photon system with cosmic plasma conductivity across the 1e-21 to 1e-17 eV mass window; the amplification benchmarks (B_X, dark-photon spectrum) come from private lattice runs at a few g_XX values.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public lattice framework such as CosmoLattice with a massless dark U(1) coupled through g_XX phi X Xtilde and an effective conductivity term for the visible photon, scanning g_XX and m_phi to replace the fixed benchmark scalings with a tabulated B_X(m_phi, f, g_XX) surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_18645_dark_matter_pearls_void_domain_walls_v1", "model_name": "Dark matter pearls with low-tension vacuum domain walls around voids", "family": "macroscopic_vacuum_bubble_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.18645", "score": 32.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No domain-wall network simulation exists for void-scale, low-tension (S^(1/3) ~ 10-100 MeV) walls pinned to the cosmic web; the wall energy density, spacing, and induced CMB anisotropy/large-scale-structure morphology are estimated only by dimensional analysis.", "proposed_resolution": "Run scalar-field domain-wall network simulations (extending existing wall-network lattice codes) with tension and initial conditions tied to void-scale spacing, and post-process to CMB isotropy and void-boundary statistics for comparison with LSS survey data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2104_13722_inverse_phase_transition_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar portal dark matter from inverse phase transition", "family": "scalar_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2104.13722", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The domain-wall GW forecast relies on assumed scaling of a network whose tension decreases and vanishes at symmetry restoration; existing lattice calibrations of wall GW emission (constant-tension networks) do not cover this melting-wall regime, so the predicted peak strain and spectral shape carry uncontrolled uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice field-theory simulations of the Z2 scalar with the temperature-dependent potential through the inverse transition (extending standard domain-wall simulation setups a la Hiramatsu-Kawasaki-Saikawa to time-dependent tension), extracting the GW emission efficiency and peak-frequency scaling as functions of g and lambda/N^2.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2202_10474_miracle_less_wimp_bl_entropy_dilution_v1", "model_name": "Miracle-less WIMP with gauged B-L entropy dilution", "family": "miracle_less_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.10474", "score": 18.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The GW spectrum with a turning frequency relies on cosmic-string loop-network parameters (loop distribution, cusp emission efficiency) fixed by assumption; the cusp-emission bound that excludes M_DM below about 10 MeV inherits the same uncalibrated network modeling, and no simulation-calibrated spectrum for string networks evolving through an N1 matter-dominated era exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the loop number density and emission spectrum through an early-matter-dominated era using Nambu-Goto string-network simulations (extending existing loop-distribution suites to a matter-radiation-matter expansion history) and publish the resulting break-shape templates parameterized by T_N1 and Gmu.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 76, "rank_structure_formation": 60}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "PTA / stochastic GW background likelihood", "n_gaps": 7, "n_models": 7, "weight": 182.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 4, "blocks_key_observables": 2, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 1, "large": 6}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_16568_cp_conserving_cxsm_domain_wall_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-conserving complex singlet scalar dark matter with biased domain walls", "family": "complex_singlet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.16568", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No lattice simulation of the biased Z2 domain-wall network for the cxSM scalar potential exists; the GW spectrum and annihilation time rest on scaling-regime estimates calibrated for generic potentials, and the card flags that different network evolution changes the annihilation time and GW amplitude.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice field-theory simulations of the biased complex-singlet potential (extending existing Z2 domain-wall codes of the Hiramatsu/Saikawa type) across the |a_1| and v_S benchmark range, and fit an updated GW spectral template (peak amplitude, frequency, spectral slopes) for the PTA band.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2403_06276_dark_brane_dirac_radion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-brane Dirac fermion radion-mediated dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.06276", "score": 31, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-brane confinement/deconfinement first-order phase transition that sources the nanoHz GW signal has no model-specific calculation in this pipeline: the radion effective potential, nucleation rate, and transition strength (alpha, beta/H) for Lambda_1 about 8-30 GeV are imported from related literature rather than computed, so the PTA observable cannot be evaluated as a function of the card's input parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the finite-temperature radion effective potential for the TeV-dark-brane interval, obtain bounce action and nucleation parameters with CosmoTransitions, feed (alpha, beta/H, T_reh) into standard sound-wave/bubble-collision GW spectral templates, and compare with the NANOGrav 15-year free-spectrum likelihood (e.g. via PTArcade).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_06178_abelian_higgs_string_decay_dm_v1", "model_name": "Abelian-Higgs string-decay dark matter scenario", "family": "cosmic_string_produced_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.06178", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The NG-like loop fraction f_NG of Abelian-Higgs networks is only bounded (f_NG <= 0.1, simulation-motivated) rather than measured: existing field-theory lattice simulations lack the dynamic range to quantify the percent-to-ten-percent long-lived loop subpopulation on which the entire NANOGrav interpretation and correlated GW predictions rest.", "proposed_resolution": "Run large-dynamic-range Abelian-Higgs lattice simulations (adaptive-mesh or block-mesh refinement at critical coupling) that track loop formation and lifetimes to calibrate f_NG and the loop-size distribution feeding the SGWB calculator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_04582_melting_domain_wall_ultralight_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Melting-domain-wall ultralight scalar dark matter", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.04582", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No lattice field simulation of a melting domain-wall network (Z2 scalar with temperature-dependent potential and feeble portal coupling) exists to calibrate the GW spectral normalization, peak structure, and high-frequency tail; the PTA prediction rests on an analytic scaling-network estimate the paper itself flags as uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of the Z2 scalar with the paper's temperature-dependent potential through wall formation, melting, and decay (both direct and inverse transition histories), extract the GW power spectrum, and fit a calibrated spectral template parameterized by T_i and the wall-tension history.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_07601_dilaton_pngb_forbidden_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dilaton forbidden dark matter", "family": "composite_forbidden_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.07601", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The possible first-order dark confinement phase transition and its stochastic GW background are not computable: no finite-temperature effective potential or lattice input exists for the near-conformal SU(3) N_f=8 dEFT sector to determine the transition order and (alpha, beta/H, T_*).", "proposed_resolution": "Construct the finite-temperature dilaton effective potential (informed by lattice studies of the near-conformal gauge theory), determine the transition order and nucleation parameters with CosmoTransitions, and feed the resulting (alpha, beta/H, T_*) into standard FOPT GW spectral templates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_03776_ultralight_pngb_strong_gravity_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight real pNGB dark matter for strong-gravity scenarios", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03776", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No string-plus-domain-wall network calculation exists for this complex-singlet pNGB model, so the post-inflationary relic abundance (the >~1e-16 eV condition) and the defect-sourced SGWB spectrum in PTA/astrometry bands are only order-of-magnitude statements borrowed from other models.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice defect-network simulations of the complex singlet with the soft-breaking term (biased-domain-wall setup parameterized by v_Phi, m_eta, and the domain-wall number), extract the wall/string decay contribution to Omega_eta and the SGWB spectrum, and fit a semi-analytic scaling model usable across the strong-gravity mass range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_06586_so_2n_baryonic_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "SO(2N) baryonic glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.06586", "score": 19.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Cosmic-string network evolution and loop production at very small intercommutation probability (P ~ 1e-3 to 1e-1) are uncalibrated: the extended VOS treatment used in the paper lacks support from dedicated Nambu-Goto simulations, so the predicted PTA-band GW spectrum carries large systematic uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Run Nambu-Goto string-network simulations scanning intercommutation probability down to P ~ 1e-3 to calibrate the VOS model parameters and loop distribution, then feed the calibrated spectra into existing PTA cosmic-string likelihood machinery (enterprise/PTArcade-style analyses) as a P-dependent template.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 77}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "GW detector forecasts & likelihoods (LIGO/LISA/ET)", "n_gaps": 8, "n_models": 8, "weight": 177.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 31.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 4, "degrades_precision": 3, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 4, "small": 1, "large": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "2306_01520_led_instantly_evaporating_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED instantly evaporating black-hole dark matter production", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Induced gravitational-wave constraints on transient black-hole-dominated eras are derived for four-dimensional PBHs and require recasting to LED black holes with modified mass-temperature-lifetime relations before they can bound this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Rederive the induced-GW signal from an early LED black-hole-dominated era using the higher-dimensional lifetime relations and map published 4D exclusion regions onto the (M_*, n, T_RH/M_*, initial abundance) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1301_0354_phase_transition_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin Q-ball dark matter", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1301.0354", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The gravitational-wave counterpart observable is only an extension: the transition parameters alpha and beta/H and the stochastic GW spectrum have never been computed for this model's potential, so the phase_transition_gw_extension observable cannot be evaluated against any detector sensitivity.", "proposed_resolution": "Using the gap_2 bounce-solver output, derive alpha and beta/H for the viable parameter region and map them through standard sound-wave/bubble-collision spectral templates (PTPlot-style) to predict the GW spectrum and compare with LISA-class sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1910_10602_attractor_inflation_pbh_v1", "model_name": "Superconformal attractor inflation primordial-black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1910.10602", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The second-order induced gravitational-wave spectrum is computed with simplified expressions the source itself flags as uncertain; the exact radiation-era kernel convolution of the model's P_R(k) has not been performed, so amplitude and peak frequency of Omega_GW carry unquantified errors.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute Omega_GW(f) with an exact second-order kernel calculation (Kohri-Terada-type kernels as implemented in public SIGW calculators such as SIGWfast) applied to the model's numerically obtained P_R(k), including finite-width-peak effects.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_01520_led_planckeon_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "LED Planckeon black-hole remnant dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2306.01520", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The induced gravitational-wave and early matter-domination constraints on ultralight black-hole populations are derived for four-dimensional PBHs; no recast exists to LED black holes ending as Planckeon remnants, so the only gravitational probe of the remnant population cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Rederive the induced-GW spectrum from a transient LED black-hole-dominated era using higher-dimensional lifetime relations including the remnant endpoint, and map the published 4D exclusion regions onto the (M_*, n, T_RH/M_*, initial abundance) parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2310_16877_qcd_colored_primordial_black_hole_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black holes with QCD color charge", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2310.16877", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The flagged gravitational-wave and BBN signatures of confinement-era charge dressing have no quantitative prediction: no GW spectrum from the dressing process and no computation of the perturbation to proton/neutron equilibrium near BBN exists, so these targets cannot be confronted with data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the stochastic GW spectrum sourced by the color-cloud dressing dynamics (using outputs of the gap_1 simulations) and couple the associated energy injection into a standard public BBN code such as AlterBBN or PRIMAT to obtain element-abundance constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_01823_two_scalar_z2_higgs_portal_no_cross_couplings_v1", "model_name": "Two-scalar Z2 Higgs-portal dark matter without singlet-only s-s' cross-couplings", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.01823", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave spectrum has been computed for the strong first-order transition: the nucleation parameters (T_n, alpha, beta/H, wall velocity) needed to turn the very strong v_c/T_c benchmarks into a stochastic GW prediction and compare with LISA sensitivity are missing.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute bounce solutions and nucleation parameters for the d1 benchmarks with CosmoTransitions, feed alpha and beta/H into standard sound-wave/turbulence GW templates, and evaluate signal-to-noise against LISA sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2207_13716_dark_su3_glueball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark SU(3) scalar glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2207.13716", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark SU(3) confinement phase-transition dynamics needed for a gravitational-wave forecast (latent heat alpha_PT, inverse duration beta/H, bubble wall velocity) are not derived: the primary paper explicitly neglects bubble dynamics, and the transition is nonperturbative so perturbative bounce codes do not apply.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the transition parameters from SU(3) lattice thermodynamics combined with a Polyakov-loop/matrix-model nucleation calculation (extending the treatment of the cited dark-confinement GW literature), parameterized by (Lambda, xi_T), and feed the resulting (alpha_PT, beta/H, v_w) into standard sound-wave/bubble-collision GW templates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_07313_scalar_quartic_bubble_filtered_sudden_freezeout_v1", "model_name": "Scalar Quartic bubble-filtered sudden freeze-out dark matter", "family": "phase_transition_sudden_freeze_out_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.07313", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The bubble wall velocity v_w, which controls both the exponentially sensitive bubble-filtering factor f_in and the gravitational-wave spectrum, is treated as a free input spanning nonrelativistic to relativistic cases; no calculation of v_w from the scalar quartic potential's friction and hydrodynamics is attached to the model.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive v_w for the scalar quartic benchmark using an established wall-velocity framework (hydrodynamic matching plus friction from the DM and bath couplings, e.g. a WallGo-style solver or the local-thermal-equilibrium approximation), and tabulate v_w over the potential-parameter and m_chi/T_n grid used for the relic and GW contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 78, "rank_structure_formation": 98}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Isocurvature machinery", "n_gaps": 8, "n_models": 8, "weight": 174.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 3, "weight_structure_formation": 61.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 7, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 6, "small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2309_14993_stiff_reheating_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Primordial black-hole dark matter from stiff-era reheating collapse", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2309.14993", "score": 25.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The predicted small-scale baryon-to-photon fluctuation spectrum delta eta_B(k) is never converted into an observational likelihood (BBN/CMB constraints on baryon isocurvature or inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis), so this observable cannot be evaluated against data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mapping from delta eta_B(k) to light-element abundance scatter and CMB baryon-isocurvature limits, and implement it as a bound on the scalar peak amplitude using existing inhomogeneous-BBN calculations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_06242_planck_suppressed_higgs_oscillating_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Planck-suppressed Higgs-coupled oscillating scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06242", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood implementation exists for the model's joint CMB test: the beta_iso < 0.037 isocurvature bound and the tensor-to-scalar constraint are only quoted numbers, so the m_phi-r relation and the m_eff/H_inf isocurvature suppression cannot be statistically confronted with Planck/BICEP-Keck data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the model relations (phi_i = alpha H_inf, Omega_phi(m_phi, phi_i), residual isocurvature as a function of m_eff/H_inf) as a theory module in Cobaya/MontePython and sample against the Planck plus BICEP-Keck tensor and CDM-isocurvature likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_06242_rs_bulk_scalar_higgs_oscillating_dm_v1", "model_name": "Randall-Sundrum bulk-scalar oscillating dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.06242", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood implementation exists for the model's joint CMB test: the beta_iso < 0.037 isocurvature bound and the tensor-to-scalar constraint are only quoted numbers, so the m_phi-r relation and the isocurvature suppression from the Hubble-scale inflationary mass cannot be statistically confronted with Planck/BICEP-Keck data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the RS relations (phi_i = alpha H_inf, Omega_phi(m_phi, phi_i), m_phi from the warp factor, residual isocurvature versus m_eff/H_inf) as a theory module in Cobaya/MontePython and sample against the Planck plus BICEP-Keck tensor and CDM-isocurvature likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_04322_nonminimal_ultralight_axion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled ultra-light axion cold dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.04322", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood pipeline exists for this model: the BBN dark-radiation bound is qualitative (exact exponent not recovered) and the matter-power bound xi < 0.01 is an approximate adiabatic-only figure comparison with no reusable likelihood, so neither constraint can be evaluated statistically or extended to mixed initial conditions.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the modified solver from gap_1 to Cobaya/MontePython with the public Planck, BAO, and full-shape galaxy power-spectrum likelihoods plus a BBN Neff likelihood, scanning (xi, m_phi, phi_i) for adiabatic, isocurvature, and mixed initial conditions to replace the approximate xi bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0408448_long_lived_radion_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived radion dark matter in Randall-Sundrum cosmology", "family": "extra_dimensional_radion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0408448", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Only WMAP-era, curvaton-analogy constraints exist for the radion-induced effective baryon isocurvature; no modern (Planck-level) CMB likelihood evaluation of the S_eff and correlated curvature contribution has been performed for this model.", "proposed_resolution": "Map the computed correlated curvature/isocurvature spectra onto the standard CDI/BDI amplitude parameterization and evaluate against the public Planck 2018 (or later) isocurvature likelihood to update the allowed (M_R, Omega_R/Omega_M, alpha_R) region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1612_04824_geometric_baryogenesis_ultralight_alp_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Geometric-baryogenesis ultralight axion-like cold dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1612.04824", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No CMB isocurvature likelihood is assembled for the geometric-baryogenesis parameter space: the claim that CDM isocurvature stays below the Planck limit for the M ~ 1e14 GeV ALP example is quoted from the paper rather than computed over (f_a, theta_osc, H_inf).", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the ALP isocurvature amplitude analytically from (H_inf, f_a, theta_osc) and confront it with the Planck 2018 beta_iso bound via a Cobaya run with the uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature parameterization, tabulating the allowed H_inf as a function of the ALP CDM fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_scalar_coherent_oscillation_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-induced scalar coherent-oscillation dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No model-specific likelihood recast exists combining the Planck isocurvature limits with the abundance constraint for the curvature-induced displacement scenario, including the resonance/fluctuation-control regions the paper flags as excluded.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the uncorrelated CDM-isocurvature amplitude prediction as a function of (m_X, xi_X, lambda_X, initial field value) and compare it against the published Planck beta_iso likelihood, jointly with the Omega_X = Omega_DM condition, to produce an allowed-region map in the model parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_14307_qcd_axion_pbh_early_matter_domination_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter with primordial black-hole early matter domination", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.14307", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No assembled joint constraint-overlay module maps (M_BH, beta, m_0, theta_i) onto the CMB Delta N_eff likelihood, BBN evaporation-timing bounds, isocurvature limits, and GW background curves; each bound exists in the literature but is not packaged for this parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package the Planck Delta N_eff posterior, pre-BBN evaporation-temperature bound, Planck isocurvature limit, and GW detector sensitivity curves into a single overlay/likelihood function evaluated on the background-solver outputs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 79, "rank_structure_formation": 74}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "PBH formation & abundance pipeline", "n_gaps": 7, "n_models": 7, "weight": 172.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 4, "weight_structure_formation": 90.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 6, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 6, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_07333_generalized_no_scale_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Generalized no-scale inflation with PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.07333", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The numerical benchmark values needed to reproduce the model are unreliable in the registry extraction: OCR dropped minus signs in PBH mass exponents, so the benchmark M_PBH values and the corresponding potential-parameter tables are not available as trustworthy structured data.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-extract the benchmark tables (alpha, potential parameters, k_peak, M_PBH, f_PBH) directly from the published source figures/tables of arXiv:2403.07333 and store them as verified structured parameters on the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_09628_late_forming_pbh_fermion_scalar_fluid_v1", "model_name": "Late-forming PBH dark matter from a fermion-scalar fluid", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2204.09628", "score": 33, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The model's non-monochromatic PBH mass function f(M) has not been digitized or recomputed as a numerical table, so the required extended-mass-function recast against the asteroid/sublunar constraint compilations cannot be executed and viability rests on the narrow-width monochromatic approximation.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute f(M) numerically from the Press-Schechter step (or digitize the published curve), then apply the standard extended-mass-function method of Carr et al. (1705.05567) with a public PBH constraint compilation such as PBHbounds across the 1e-16 to 1e-10 solar-mass window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_09411_alp_supercooled_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "ALP-triggered supercooled-phase-transition primordial black hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2401.09411", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The PBH constraint inputs are unverified: the f_PBH=1 mass-window exponents (~1e-16 to 1e-10 M_sun) are flagged as vulnerable to OCR minus-sign loss, and no machine-readable PBH constraint tables are attached for the constraint-mapping step.", "proposed_resolution": "Verify the mass-window exponents against the source PDF and import a machine-readable PBH constraint compilation (e.g. the public PBHbounds tables) plus AxionLimits data for the ALP-coupling complementarity mapping.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_14660_gravitational_genesis_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-genesis two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.14660", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "BBN/CMB energy-injection and PBH-evaporation constraint tables are not implemented in the pipeline; the route's likelihoods entry states BBN/CMB/PBH constraints are not implemented, so only abundance targets can currently be checked.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize and package published PBH evaporation constraints (BBN light-element yields and CMB energy-injection bounds as functions of M_PBH and evaporation time) into recast tables applied as cuts on the (M_PBH, M_f) scan, using existing PBH constraint compilations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2404_12094_strangelet_macro_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmological strangelet macro dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_strange_quark_matter_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.12094", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No consolidated, machine-readable database of macro dark matter constraints (ancient mica tracks, terrestrial and lunar seismic limits, femtolensing and microlensing windows) exists with their assumptions (nuclear density, monochromatic mass, DM fraction) encoded, which is prerequisite to any reusable strangelet constraint evaluation.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published macro-DM exclusion envelopes (mica, seismic, lunar, femto/microlensing) into a versioned tabular database recording mass range, excluded DM fraction, density assumptions, and provenance, including the revised/weakened femtolensing analyses.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_liouville_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Liouville-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The MACHO/microlensing and isocurvature constraint mappings used to define viable scalar-mass windows are only approximate: the exact excluded scalar-mass intervals are figure-level in the paper and were not digitized, so the (m_phi, f_DM) viability filter cannot be applied programmatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published compact-object f_DM(M) exclusion curves (EROS/OGLE/Subaru-HSC, CMB accretion limits) and the Planck isocurvature bound, and recompute the allowed (m_phi, coupling, f_DM) regions through the M_max(m_phi) relation from the solver of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1906_02094_logarithmic_boson_star_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Logarithmic-potential self-interacting boson-star dark matter", "family": "boson_star_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.02094", "score": 18.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The MACHO/microlensing and CMB-isocurvature constraint mappings defining viable scalar-mass windows are only approximate: the excluded scalar-mass intervals are figure-level in the paper and were not digitized, so the (m_phi, f_DM) viability filter cannot be applied programmatically.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published compact-object f_DM(M) exclusion curves (EROS/OGLE/Subaru-HSC, CMB accretion limits) and the Planck isocurvature bound, and recompute allowed (m_phi, coupling, f_DM) regions through the M_max(m_phi) relation from the solver of gap_1.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 80, "rank_structure_formation": 64}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Dwarf-galaxy dynamics & density profiles", "n_gaps": 7, "n_models": 7, "weight": 169.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 6, "weight_structure_formation": 169.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 7}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 3, "large": 4}, "members": [{"model_id": "1911_12342_dark_proton_pion_asymmetric_mattergenesis_v1", "model_name": "Dark proton-pion asymmetric mattergenesis model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12342", "score": 32.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The claimed near-threshold p'-pi' resonant self-interaction (sigma/m around 0.1 cm^2/g at v_R around 100 km/s) rests on an uncalibrated dark-hadron scattering estimate; no nonperturbative calculation of p'pi' and p'p' scattering versus m_pionprime/m_pprime exists to establish whether the resonance is actually realized.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute dark proton-pion scattering with lattice methods or effective-range/chiral EFT matched to lattice inputs across m_pionprime/m_pprime around 0.4, mapping where near-threshold resonances occur, and tabulate sigma(v)/m for dwarf-galaxy and cluster comparisons.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1911_12342_dark_neutron_asymmetric_mattergenesis_v1", "model_name": "Dark neutron asymmetric mattergenesis model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.12342", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-neutron self-interaction cross section is only a lattice-motivated estimate rescaled from QCD with acknowledged large uncertainties, so the cluster bound (sigma/m below about 0.2 cm^2/g) and the preferred m_pionprime/m_nprime above 0.4 region cannot be evaluated reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate n'n' scattering with dedicated lattice calculations (or chiral EFT with lattice-matched low-energy constants) as a function of m_pionprime/m_nprime across the relevant range, and tabulate sigma(v)/m for comparison with dwarf and cluster constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2205_10149_resonance_enhanced_light_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonance-enhanced light singlet scalar dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.10149", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Existing SIDM structure-formation calibrations assume Yukawa-type velocity dependence, whereas this model's self-scattering is Breit-Wigner resonant in velocity; no simulation or halo-model calibration maps the resonant sigma_self(v) onto core-cusp and rotation-curve-diversity observables (card: simulation_calibrated partial).", "proposed_resolution": "Run SIDM N-body or gravothermal fluid models with the resonant velocity-dependent cross section (or its effective viscosity-weighted average) across dwarf-to-cluster halo masses, calibrating an effective sigma/m mapping usable in isothermal-Jeans fits to rotation-curve diversity data.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1805_09345_twin_simps_v1", "model_name": "Twin SIMPs", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.09345", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The strong twin-pion self-scattering (m_pi/f_pi about 2) has no quantitative halo-observable pipeline: the card records simulation_calibrated unknown and the paper gives no computed sigma/m or mapping onto SIDM halo-core and substructure predictions, so the small-scale-structure observable cannot be evaluated against dwarf-galaxy data.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive sigma/m for the meson multiplet from the SU(4)_f chiral Lagrangian at next-to-leading order (the strongly coupled m_pi/f_pi ~ 2 regime needs unitarized amplitudes), then map the resulting velocity dependence onto existing SIDM N-body simulation calibrations and cluster/dwarf constraints on sigma/m.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_03456_ultralight_axion_soliton_nfw_halo_v1", "model_name": "Ultra-light axion soliton-core plus NFW halo model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.03456", "score": 26.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The soliton-to-NFW transition is modeled as a step function and the soliton-halo mass relation carries uncalibrated scatter; without calibration against full wave simulations across halo masses and redshifts, inferred core masses and the resulting m_a bound carry unquantified systematic error.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of Schroedinger-Poisson halo simulations spanning dwarf-scale halo masses to calibrate the core-halo mass relation, its scatter, and the transition radius, and replace the step-function matching with the fitted parameterization.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1009_3523_supersymmetric_atomic_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Nearly supersymmetric atomic dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.3523", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Self-interaction constraints are applied only as rough recast targets: atom-atom scattering cross sections (including hyperfine-state dependence, recombination-enhanced channels, and molecular aggregation) are not computed for this model, and the quoted Bullet Cluster and halo-shape bounds predate calibrated SIDM simulations.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute velocity-dependent atom-atom transfer cross sections by solving the multi-channel Schrodinger problem for dark hydrogen scattering (as done for atomic dark matter in the non-SUSY case), then compare against modern simulation-calibrated SIDM constraints at dwarf and cluster velocities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2304_02904_lepton_portal_freeze_in_scalar_universal_v1", "model_name": "Lepton-portal freeze-in scalar with universal lepton couplings", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.02904", "score": 0.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The red-giant exclusion rests on a single quoted Bremsstrahlung bound (lambda_e < 7e-16) rather than a mass-dependent stellar emission calculation; Boltzmann suppression when m_phi approaches stellar core temperatures is not modeled, so the exclusion boundary across the keV mass range is not quantitatively established.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute electron/nucleus Bremsstrahlung and related production rates for the universal coupling as functions of m_phi over red-giant, white-dwarf, and solar profiles (e.g. using MESA stellar models), producing a mass-dependent lambda_e limit curve to replace the fixed literature number.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 81, "rank_structure_formation": 51}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "Collider / beam-dump recast", "n_gaps": 7, "n_models": 7, "weight": 165.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 24.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 2, "degrades_precision": 5}, "effort_counts": {"small": 5, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2312_13959_quartic_2hdsmash_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Quartic U(1)-breaking 2hdSMASH axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.13959", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Machine-readable benchmark tables (heavy CP-even, CP-odd, and charged Higgs masses, couplings, and branching ratios) are absent from the extracted card, leaving the HL-LHC collider-reach step only qualitative and blocking any analysis-specific recast with existing heavy-Higgs constraint tools.", "proposed_resolution": "Extract or regenerate the paper's allowed benchmark points (via the gap_1 spectrum implementation), tabulate masses and branching ratios in SLHA format, and run them through HiggsBounds/HiggsTools plus published HL-LHC heavy-Higgs projection curves to convert the qualitative reach statement into quantitative exclusion/discovery contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_07934_dark_photon_scalar_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dark-photon portal scalar millicharged dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07934", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Digitized invisible dark-photon exclusion contours are missing: the BaBar and NA64 bounds for m_Aprime about 20-200 MeV are recorded only qualitatively (the coupling symbol is even noted as ambiguous in the extraction), so the collider route cannot produce quantitative excluded regions or Belle II/LDMX projections in the near-resonant EDGES-motivated parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published BaBar and NA64 invisible-search exclusion curves, resolve the coupling normalization against the original experimental papers, and encode them as limit tables with the invisible branching fraction (near unity per the route's validation test) and e_D dependence made explicit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_03932_alp_mediated_fermion_freeze_in_dfo_v1", "model_name": "ALP-mediated fermion dark matter with freeze-in and decoupled freeze-out", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.03932", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "There is no machine-readable database of the ALP mediator exclusion curves (E137, SN1987A, NA62/NA48/LHCb-style meson searches, horizontal-branch cooling) recast for this model's flavor-universal couplings and finite invisible branching ratio to dark matter; some primary bounds trace to private-communication curves.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published exclusion curves into a limit database (in the style of existing ALP limit compilations) and rescale each by the model's ALP lifetime and visible/invisible branching fractions computed from g_aff and g_a_chichi, producing an exclusion mask in the m_a-g_aff plane usable by the scan pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1603_01366_s_channel_axial_vector_simplified_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "s-channel axial-vector simplified Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "simplified_axial_vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01366", "score": 23.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider exclusion is anchored to 8 TeV Run-I monojet/mono-Z/mono-W searches with minimal-width assumptions; no updated recast against Run-2/Run-3 missing-energy datasets exists for this axial-vector benchmark in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Regenerate mono-X signal samples with the public DMsimp axial-vector model in MadGraph/Pythia/Delphes and recast against current Run-2/Run-3 ATLAS/CMS monojet and mono-boson analyses using CheckMATE or MadAnalysis PAD implementations.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1203_3116_next_minimal_dirac_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Next minimal Dirac dark matter model", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1203.3116", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's plain-text extraction obscures the exact Higgs mixing-angle (sine/cosine) convention, and using the wrong convention would invert the LEP-allowed region, so the numerical inputs for the collider and scattering computations are not yet trustworthy.", "proposed_resolution": "Retrieve the typeset equations of arXiv:1203.3116, fix the mixing-angle convention and the H_LZZ coupling normalization, and record them on the card before any numerical implementation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_bminusl_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with B-L vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "B-L-vector mediator exclusions (electron/proton beam dumps, Texono, BaBar, LHCb, CHARM) are imported from prior work as summary curves; no digitized (m_V, g_V) exclusion masks or original likelihoods are packaged for the scan range 20 MeV to 100 GeV.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the beam-dump and collider exclusion curves (e.g. from Darkcast-style compilations of B-L vector limits) into (m_V, g_V) masks matching the card's required mediator-bound masks resource.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1908_09277_inelastic_bl_scalar_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inelastic U(1) B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "scalar_coannihilation_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.09277", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LEP/Tevatron/LHC B-L Z-prime exclusion region used to filter the relic-viable parameter space exists only as a shaded figure in the primary paper; no machine-readable exclusion contour in the (m_Z_prime, g_B-L) plane is attached to the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published B-L Z-prime dilepton exclusion contours (LEP contact-interaction bound and LHC Run-2 dilepton searches) into a tabulated (m_Z_prime, g_B-L) exclusion curve stored as a registry data product for automated overlay.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 82, "rank_structure_formation": 114}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 6, "n_models": 6, "weight": 161.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 3, "weight_structure_formation": 80.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 6}, "effort_counts": {"large": 4, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "0905_1253_leptophilic_nonthermal_wimp_cosmic_string_v1", "model_name": "Leptophilic non-thermal WIMP model from U(1)' cosmic strings", "family": "nonthermal_leptophilic_wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0905.1253", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relic abundance from U(1)' cosmic-string loop decay uses analytic string-network scaling approximations; the loop production function and decay branching into chi1/chi2 are not calibrated against string-network simulations for this symmetry-breaking scale.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the loop-number density and energy-loss channels against published Nambu-Goto/Abelian-Higgs string-network simulation results at mu corresponding to T_c ~ 1e9 GeV, and propagate the calibrated yield through the nonthermal relic-density formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_12485_scalar_singlet_vectorlike_quark_uv_completion_v1", "model_name": "Real scalar singlet dark matter with vector-like quark UV completion", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.12485", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The relic-density calculation for phi phi annihilation into K K and eta eta rests on leading-order chiral perturbation theory near the kaon threshold, where final-state interactions and threshold effects are uncontrolled; no independent hadronic cross-check or uncertainty band exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Redo the annihilation cross section with unitarized ChPT (or dispersive meson-meson rescattering amplitudes) for the scalar-current source, quantify the deviation from the leading-order result across the sub-GeV mass window, and propagate the band through the freeze-out Boltzmann calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_02357_singlet_quintuplet_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Well-tempered singlet-quintuplet fermion WIMP", "family": "coannihilating_wimp", "arxiv": "1804.02357", "score": 29.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Standard relic-density codes do not include the electroweak Sommerfeld enhancement and bound-state effects that significantly shift the freeze-out abundance of an SU(2)_L 5-plet coannihilating sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Add Sommerfeld-corrected (co)annihilation cross sections for the quintuplet multiplet to the micrOMEGAs/MadDM implementation, adapting the published electroweak-multiplet Sommerfeld/bound-state calculations to the mixed singlet-quintuplet spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1704_01804_low_reheat_hidden_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Hidden-sector glueball dark matter in a late-modulus low-reheat cosmology", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.01804", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The glueball relic abundance depends on 3-to-2 cannibal number-changing rates and hidden-sector thermalization efficiency that are only order-of-magnitude estimates; whether number-changing reactions are efficient is the stated validity condition of the hidden_confinement step.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate glueball self-couplings and 3-to-2 rates using existing lattice determinations of pure-glue spectra and interaction matrix elements, and solve the coupled hidden-sector temperature/number-density evolution numerically to replace the freeze-out estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1704_02347_cosmic_selection_rule_glueball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Cosmic-selection-rule SU(N)d glueball dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1704.02347", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The relic-abundance pipeline depends on nonperturbative Q-onium formation and annihilation rates and on the branching of Q-onium decays into SM versus dark gluons, which are only rough estimates; these control the entropy dump and dark reheat temperature that set the cosmic-selection curve.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute Q-onium bound-state formation, annihilation, and decay branching ratios with the established NRQCD-style bound-state-formation formalism for doubly charged (SU(3)c x SU(N)d) heavy quarks, and propagate the resulting rate uncertainties through the selection relation N_d(Lambda_d).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1502_00715_gauge_mediated_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated Q-ball dark matter", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00715", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Q-ball charge and abundance from Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation are taken from analytic estimates; the fragmentation charge distribution for the gauge-mediation and new-type potentials used here is not calibrated by lattice simulations in any packaged form, limiting relic-abundance precision.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of flat-direction condensate fragmentation for the gauge-mediated and new-type potentials (Kasuya-Kawasaki style) and fit a charge-distribution parameterization in terms of the initial amplitude and T_RH for use in the abundance formula.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 83, "rank_structure_formation": 67}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "Indirect-detection likelihood (γ-ray / cosmic-ray / ν)", "n_gaps": 6, "n_models": 6, "weight": 151.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 28.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 3, "minor": 2, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 4, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1305_1936_neutrinophilic_eft_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Effective neutrinophilic dark matter with late kinetic decoupling", "family": "neutrinophilic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1305.1936", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The LEP missing-energy and Fermi-LAT dwarf-galaxy limits mapped to protohalo mass (roughly 10^1 to 10^6 M_sun, operator and mass dependent) exist only as figures in the source papers; no machine-readable, operator-by-operator constraint tables are available for the recast step.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the constraint curves from arXiv:1305.1936 and 1305.4676 into per-operator (m_X, Lambda, M_cut) tables, or reimplement the limits directly from public LEP mono-photon results and the Fermi-LAT dwarf likelihood for annihilation to neutrinos.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2110_10388_p_wave_breit_wigner_annihilation_v1", "model_name": "p-wave Breit-Wigner enhanced dark matter annihilation", "family": "wimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.10388", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Velocity-dependent (effective) J factors for the Fermi-LAT dwarf-spheroidal sample, weighted by the sharply velocity-peaked Breit-Wigner cross section, are not available as a reusable data product; standard published J factors assume a velocity-independent cross section, so the dSph limit and its comparison to the AMS-favored region cannot be reproduced without recomputing them.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute effective J factors J_p(delta, gamma) for the 15-dwarf Fermi sample by convolving the Breit-Wigner velocity dependence with per-dwarf DM velocity distributions obtained via Eddington inversion of published density profiles, and release them as tables usable with the public Fermi dSph likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1912_10225_iss_nmssm_sneutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "ISS-NMSSM right-handed sneutrino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.10225", "score": 27.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The muon g-2 constraint targets the BNL-era discrepancy; the Fermilab-final measurement and revised (lattice-informed) SM prediction are not incorporated, so the preferred Y_nu/chargino-sneutrino region is anchored to an obsolete target.", "proposed_resolution": "Update the a_mu likelihood term to the final Fermilab world average with the current Theory Initiative SM prediction (including the lattice HVP shift) and rerun the SPheno a_mu evaluation over the scan to remap the preferred region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2107_09679_su2r_axiogenesis_qcd_axion_dm_v1", "model_name": "SU(2)_R axiogenesis with QCD axion kinetic-misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2107.09679", "score": 26, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The W_R collider constraints and HL-LHC prospects used in the m_WR versus f_a relation exist only as figure contours with the paper's spectrum and branching assumptions; no machine-readable limits, efficiencies, or recast pipeline is available for the SU(2)_R gauge-boson searches in this model's fermion variants.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast the published ATLAS/CMS W-prime search limits for the model's right-handed-neutrino and exotic-fermion branching patterns using a public recast framework (MadGraph plus CheckMATE or MadAnalysis), and release the digitized m_WR limit as a function of g_R and c_B.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1712_08121_high_scale_susy_wino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "High-scale SUSY D-term inflation with wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1712.08121", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Modern wino-specific constraints — H.E.S.S./CTA galactic-center indirect-detection limits and LHC disappearing-track searches, which are the decisive tests of a 2.7 TeV wino LSP — are not ingested into the card, so the route can only check relic consistency and not current experimental viability.", "proposed_resolution": "Ingest the published H.E.S.S. galactic-center line/continuum limits and ATLAS disappearing-track exclusions as digitized likelihoods versus m_w, and add corresponding indirect-detection and collider observables plus route steps to the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2003_12606_sterile_neutrino_higgs_portal_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino Higgs-portal freeze-in dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2003.12606", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The compiled X-ray/gamma-ray line, lifetime, and overproduction exclusion curves on the (M, sin^2 theta) plane exist in the literature but were not digitized into machine-readable form, so the decay-line constraint cannot be evaluated or rescaled for subdominant abundance fractions.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the XMM-Newton, Suzaku, HEAO-1, INTEGRAL, Swift, Chandra, and gamma-ray exclusion curves compiled in the primary paper into tabulated (M, sin^2 theta) limits with an f_DM rescaling rule, and store them as a recastable constraint surface.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 84, "rank_structure_formation": 105}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 6, "n_models": 6, "weight": 144.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 2, "degrades_precision": 2, "blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"small": 3, "major_program": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "2109_08701_broad_mass_pbh_lambda_universe_v1", "model_name": "Broad-mass PBH-Lambda dark matter universe", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2109.08701", "score": 32, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "JWST deep-field selection functions and completeness-corrected high-z source-count data products needed for the jwst_count_test are not available in the pipeline; the card lists them as required code resources and the constraint's robustness is low without them.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt published JWST deep-survey (e.g. JADES/CEERS-class) flux limits, areas, and completeness/selection functions, and build a count-prediction comparison module that convolves the gap_1 luminosity function output with these selection functions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1711_10486_qcd_axion_parametric_resonance_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion dark matter from Peccei-Quinn-field parametric resonance", "family": "qcd_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1711.10486", "score": 25.5, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The laboratory and astrophysical comparison data are not assembled: haloscope/dielectric-haloscope reach curves in the meV-band are not digitized, and no stellar/supernova-cooling constraint compilation is attached for the small-f_a range, so con_astrophysical_lower_fa and the haloscope-target observable cannot be evaluated within the registry.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize published dielectric-haloscope (e.g. MADMAX-class) reach curves and stellar/SN1987A cooling exclusion curves in the (m_a, g_a_gamma, g_an) plane and store them as constraint tables keyed to f_a for direct overlay with the model's m_a-f_a relation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2404_02337_susy_422_neutralino_dm_v1", "model_name": "SUSY 4-2-2 GUT neutralino dark matter with lepton-flavor violation", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2404.02337", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable likelihoods or digitized sensitivity curves (LZ/XENON-nT/DARWIN direct detection, MEG II/Mu2e/COMET LFV projections, Planck band) are packaged with the card, so accepted-point selection and figure-level statements cannot be reproduced per parameter point.", "proposed_resolution": "Assemble the direct-detection limits via DDCalc (which ships LZ/XENON-class likelihoods, with xi-rescaling for subdominant points), digitize the DARWIN and LFV projection curves, and store them as interpolable limit tables alongside the scan pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2401_13043_jovian_captured_gev_dm_v1", "model_name": "Jovian captured GeV dark matter toy model", "family": "subcomponent_asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.13043", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The proposed 236 MeV monoenergetic-neutrino test requires a neutrino detector near Jupiter that does not exist, so this observable has no data stream or likelihood on any current timescale.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a near-Jupiter neutrino detector concept study with a simulated detector response, or recast the predicted line flux against existing large-volume terrestrial detectors (Super-K/JUNO class) pointing at Jupiter to obtain an interim sensitivity estimate.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_02413_muon_g2_higgs_coupled_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Muon-g-2 Model I Higgs-coupled Majorana WIMP", "family": "muon_g2_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "2204.02413", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The neutron-star heating constraint is a forecast: no measured surface temperature of a sufficiently old (age above about 10^7 yr), nearby, isolated neutron star exists to compare against the few-thousand-K heating floor, and consequently no likelihood can be built for con_ns_temperature_muon_g2_wimp.", "proposed_resolution": "Obtain deep infrared/optical photometry of nearby old isolated neutron stars (e.g. with JWST or next-generation 30 m-class telescopes) to measure or bound surface temperatures at the few-thousand-K level, then wrap the measurement in a temperature likelihood with cooling-baseline and distance uncertainties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2204_02413_muon_g2_leptophilic_majorana_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Muon-g-2 Model II leptophilic Majorana WIMP without tree-level Higgs coupling", "family": "muon_g2_majorana_wimp", "arxiv": "2204.02413", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The neutron-star heating constraint is forecast-only: no measured surface temperature of a sufficiently old (above about 10^7 yr), nearby, isolated neutron star exists at the few-thousand-K sensitivity level, so no likelihood can be built for con_ns_temperature_muon_g2_wimp.", "proposed_resolution": "Carry out deep infrared photometry of nearby old isolated neutron stars (JWST or 30 m-class telescopes) to measure or bound few-thousand-K surface temperatures, then construct a temperature likelihood folding in age, distance, and cooling-baseline uncertainties.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 85}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Other / unclassified", "n_gaps": 6, "n_models": 6, "weight": 139.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 26.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2, "degrades_precision": 4}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 4, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1211_0250_multi_throat_kk_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Multiple Kaluza-Klein dark matter from stringy throats", "family": "extra_dimensional_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.0250", "score": 31.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The branching fractions F_X into individual throats and the tunneling lifetimes tau_tunn_i are external unpredicted inputs: no calculation exists that maps an explicit Type-IIB compactification (throat geometries, fluxes, inflaton sector) to the reheating branching ratios and tunneling rates, which the card lists as a required 'compactification/reheating model' code resource.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a parameterized throat-tunneling calculator for benchmark geometries (Klebanov-Strassler-like throats): compute graviton/KK wavefunction overlaps and tunneling widths as functions of warp factor and throat length, and emit priors on (F_X, tau_tunn_i) for a small grid of explicit multi-throat compactifications rather than treating them as free parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_15718_ultralight_scalar_refractive_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight scalar dark matter with refractive neutrino masses", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.15718", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "In the parameter region that reproduces observed neutrino masses, perturbativity of the forward-scattering expansion breaks down at low energies near resonance, and no resummed or nonperturbative calculation of the refractive dispersion relation exists for evaluating that region.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the neutrino dispersion relation on the scalar background beyond lowest order (multiple-scattering resummation or full finite-density propagator in the coherent-field case) and provide validity-corrected refractive-mass formulas for the near- and below-resonance regime.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2301_03624_composite_millicharged_absorption_line_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite millicharged absorption-line dark matter", "family": "composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2301.03624", "score": 26.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-color composite spectroscopy — bound-state level splittings and photon-transition matrix elements of the heavy-light state — is not calculated from first principles, leaving the transition frequency nu_0 and line strengths as free phenomenological inputs for every line observable.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the heavy-light dark-hadron spectrum and electromagnetic transition matrix elements using the heavy-quark chiral-Lagrangian analogy calibrated to QCD, or a dedicated lattice calculation of the SU(N) dark-color theory, delivering nu_0 and Einstein coefficients as functions of the dark-quark masses and millicharge epsilon.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0710_1883_r_invariant_new_inflation_gmsb_gravitino_dm_v1", "model_name": "R-invariant new-inflation gauge-mediated gravitino dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.1883", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The messenger sector of the gauge-mediated branch is only implicit in the card, so no concrete GMSB input set (messenger scale, N_mess, Lambda) exists to feed a spectrum generator and fix the NLSP identity, mass, and lifetime.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a minimal messenger sector consistent with the R-invariant SUSY-breaking field (charge assignment and VEV from the primary paper), then generate benchmark spectra with a public GMSB spectrum generator such as SOFTSUSY or SPheno for m_3/2 near 10 GeV.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1802_00009_neutrinophilic_bminusl_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Neutrinophilic B-L charged scalar dark matter", "family": "neutrino_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.00009", "score": 16, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The flavor structure of the mediator's coupling to (LH)(LH) and the hierarchy between the neutrino portal and the Higgs portal are under-specified on the card, so the annihilation and scattering rates entering both routes are not fully defined benchmarks.", "proposed_resolution": "Define benchmark flavor textures for the phi-neutrino coupling (e.g. flavor-universal and tau-dominated cases consistent with oscillation data) and a stated portal hierarchy, documenting them as registry benchmark points so downstream tools compute unambiguous rates.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1009_0270_xogenesis_new_gauge_sphaleron_v1", "model_name": "Xogenesis with a new gauge-group sphaleron", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.0270", "score": 11.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The rate and decoupling temperature of the exotic sphaleron of the new gauge group, which sets T_D and hence the predicted m_X, is not computed beyond electroweak-sphaleron analogy; no calculation of the new-gauge sphaleron rate as a function of gauge coupling and breaking scale exists in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the exotic sphaleron energy and transition rate for the chosen gauge group and breaking pattern (adapting standard electroweak sphaleron rate calculations/lattice results to the new gauge coupling and scalar sector), yielding T_D(M_W', g_R) for use in the chemical-equilibrium step.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 86, "rank_structure_formation": 106}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "GW detector forecasts & likelihoods (LIGO/LISA/ET)", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 136.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 19.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 5}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 3, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2212_11230_z3_singlet_type_ii_seesaw_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Z3 symmetric complex singlet scalar extension of type-II seesaw", "family": "scalar_singlet_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2212.11230", "score": 31.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The bubble-wall velocity and friction for this Z3 singlet plus type-II seesaw scalar sector are not computed (route caveat), yet the sound-wave GW amplitude and peak frequency, and hence detectability of obs_foewpt_stochastic_gw, depend strongly on the assumed wall velocity.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the wall velocity for representative FOEWPT benchmarks using a public friction framework (e.g. WallGo or the local-thermal-equilibrium approximation coupled to the CosmoTransitions potential) and propagate it, with alpha and beta/H, through the standard sound-wave template and LISA-band sensitivity curves (PTPlot).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2305_02851_extended_double_seesaw_wimp_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Extended double-seesaw WIMP-FIMP dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.02851", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The FOPT gravitational-wave prediction neglects Coleman-Weinberg one-loop terms in the thermal potential, so the strong-transition benchmarks and Omega_GW(f) spectra carry an uncontrolled theory systematic.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the dark-Higgs phase-transition analysis in CosmoTransitions with the full one-loop Coleman-Weinberg plus daisy-resummed finite-temperature potential and recompute (v_c/T_c, alpha_PT, beta/H) and the GW spectra against BBO/DECIGO sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1804_05798_real_singlet_scalar_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Real singlet scalar Higgs-portal dark matter with strong electroweak phase transition", "family": "higgs_portal_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.05798", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The EWPT observable is evaluated only through the gauge-dependent v_c/T_c > 1 critical-temperature proxy; no bubble-nucleation calculation (T_n, alpha, beta/H) exists for this model card, which blocks any quantitative baryogenesis-viability or gravitational-wave-spectrum statement.", "proposed_resolution": "Run CosmoTransitions (or BSMPT) on the source's finite-temperature singlet/Higgs potential to compute nucleation temperature and transition strength parameters, replacing the v_c/T_c proxy and enabling a LISA-style gravitational-wave signal estimate over the surviving parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2303_18122_conformal_su2x_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Classically scale-invariant SU(2)_X vector dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.18122", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The GW source modeling (efficiency factors, source lifetime, sound-wave versus collision dominance) is not calibrated for the strongly supercooled regime of this classically scale-invariant transition, so the LISA/AEDGE SNR forecast carries an uncontrolled systematic that the card itself flags as a key uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply and, where needed, extend hydrodynamic-simulation-calibrated GW efficiency and lifetime prescriptions for supercooled transitions (bubble-wall runaway versus long-lasting sound waves) to the (alpha, beta/H, T_p) region this model predicts, and propagate the calibration spread as a band on the forecast SNR.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2009_05209_atomic_dissipative_dark_matter_dbh_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dissipative dark matter with dark black holes", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2009.05209", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark black-hole binary formation rate and mass-pairing model is an uncalibrated Population-III-like scaling; there is no dark-sector binary population-synthesis capability, so predicted LIGO/Virgo event counts inherit an unquantified rate normalization.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a binary population-synthesis framework to DBH progenitors, using the calibrated cooling/Jeans-mass outputs to set initial mass functions and binding fractions, and propagate rate uncertainties as nuisance parameters in the population model.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 87, "rank_structure_formation": 120}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "BBN code extension", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 136.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 69.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2, "minor": 3}, "effort_counts": {"small": 5}, "members": [{"model_id": "0710_3624_gravitino_lsp_right_handed_sneutrino_nlsp_v1", "model_name": "Gravitino LSP with right-handed sneutrino NLSP", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0710.3624", "score": 35, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN constraint on visible energy injection from Bino-like NNLSP decay relies on historical bound curves cited by the 2007 paper rather than a current, machine-readable late-decay energy-injection constraint, so con_bbn_nnlsp_decay is only an approximate recast.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the analytic Bino hadronic/electromagnetic injection yields (step s1) into a public late-decay BBN code such as ACROPOLIS, or substitute updated Kawasaki-Kohri-Moroi-style bound tables, to obtain current allowed/excluded regions in (tau_B, B_had Y_X E_vis).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2405_17564_fopt_rescued_self_interacting_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "First-order phase-transition rescued self-interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2405.17564", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The direct-detection (CRESST-III, XENON1T-Migdal) and mediator (LSND/CHARM beam-dump, SN1987A, BBN-lifetime) exclusion curves used in the paper are not available as digitized data products alongside the card, blocking quantitative recasting of both recast steps.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published CRESST-III, XENON1T-Migdal, LSND/CHARM, and SN1987A exclusion curves (or import them from existing repositories such as the dark-photon/scalar-portal limit compilations) and store them as machine-readable constraint files keyed to (m_chi, m_phi, mixing angle).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1210_0555_mini_split_neutralino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Mini-Split supersymmetry with neutralino LSP dark matter", "family": "split_supersymmetry_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0555", "score": 24, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The bino-overproduction constraint is only qualitative in the card because the OCR of the source text drops the inequality directions for F and f_a, so the pre-BBN decay condition cannot be applied numerically.", "proposed_resolution": "Re-extract the F and f_a inequalities from the source PDF of arXiv:1210.0555 and encode the pre-BBN bino decay condition as an explicit analytic bound in the card.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_scalar_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with scalar-mediated neutrino NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Scalar-mediator exclusions (kaon decay, neutrino lifetime, BBN) are imported from earlier analyses as summary curves; no digitized (m_phi, lambda_phi) exclusion masks or standalone likelihoods are packaged for the 5 MeV to 10 GeV scan range.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the kaon-decay, neutrino-lifetime, and BBN exclusion curves for the scalar NSI mediator into (m_phi, lambda_phi) masks matching the card's required mediator-bound masks resource.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_04087_sterile_neutrino_neutrinophilic_vector_nsi_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with neutrinophilic vector NSI", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2111.04087", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Neutrinophilic-vector mediator exclusions (Higgs invisible decay, kaon decay, Z decay, SN1987A, BBN) are imported from prior analyses as summary curves; no digitized (m_V, g_V) exclusion masks or recast likelihoods are packaged for the 5 MeV to 100 GeV scan range.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the laboratory, supernova, and BBN exclusion curves for the neutrinophilic vector into (m_V, g_V) masks matching the card's required mediator-bound masks resource.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 88, "rank_structure_formation": 69}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "N-body / hydrodynamic simulation campaign", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 136.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 4, "weight_structure_formation": 117.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 4, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 4, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1810_09474_unified_superfluid_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Unified superfluid dark sector", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1810.09474", "score": 41, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public halo phase-structure solver computes the superfluid core radius and normal-phase envelope as a function of halo mass and dark-sector thermodynamics for this two-state model, and no rotation-curve pipeline links the phonon-mediated force to galaxy data.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a semi-analytic halo phase solver (hydrostatic superfluid core matched to an NFW-like normal-phase envelope, following the superfluid-DM literature prescriptions cited by the paper) with the two-state populations included, and couple it to a standard rotation-curve fitter over SPARC-like galaxy samples.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1804_02847_multiple_sm_sector_dissipative_dm_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark matter from multiple Standard Model sectors", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.02847", "score": 37, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public solver exists for dissipative dark-plasma halo steady states implementing the paper's local heating-equals-cooling and hydrostatic-balance equations with dark bremsstrahlung/atomic cooling functions and kinetic-mixing supernova heating.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a semi-analytic steady-state halo code that takes a baryonic mass model and star-formation history, computes the kinetic-mixing supernova heating rate H and dark-plasma cooling rate C as functions of N_sec, epsilon, and dark metallicity, and solves the coupled hydrostatic profile, validated against the paper's N_sec=5, epsilon~1.2e-10 examples.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1801_09359_mirror_dark_plasma_steady_state_halo_v1", "model_name": "Mirror dark plasma steady-state halo model", "family": "dissipative_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1801.09359", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled steady-state problem H(r)=C(r) plus hydrostatic balance that returns the dark-plasma profiles rho(r), T(r) and the halo rotation-curve contribution v_halo(r) for a given baryonic mass model and supernova distribution; the source computed only representative solutions with unreleased code.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the source Euler-equation steady-state system (local H=C closure, hydrostatic support, mirror-plasma cooling function, SN heating kernel) as an open ODE/boundary-value solver taking (epsilon, baryonic profile, SFR/SN distribution) as inputs, validated against the paper's representative solutions and the r_D scaling test.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1604_04352_charged_q_ball_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charged Q-ball dark matter from B and L direction", "family": "charged_q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1604.04352", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No code exists to evolve the charge state of gauge-mediation Q-balls and anti-Q-balls through the thermal plasma, recombination, and structure formation, tracking electromagnetic capture of electrons and helium/hydrogen nuclei into atom-like and ion-like bound states; the route's s2 step is currently a rough by-hand estimate.", "proposed_resolution": "Write a dedicated capture/recombination rate code (analogous to CHAMP charge-evolution calculations) that integrates Coulomb capture cross sections for the Q-ball external potential over the cosmic thermal history, outputting the present charge-state distribution Z_Q as a function of M_F, Q, and T_RH.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0412586_long_range_scalar_dm_interaction_v1", "model_name": "Long-range scalar-interacting dark matter with screening species", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0412586", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public N-body implementation of the screened attractive dark-sector scalar force (strength beta~O(1), comoving screening length r_s~1 Mpc, dark-sector-only coupling); the original exploratory simulations were never released as a reusable code.", "proposed_resolution": "Add a screened Yukawa dark-matter-only force term to an existing modified-gravity N-body code (e.g. the fifth-force machinery in MG-GADGET or ECOSMOG, or a GADGET-4 tree-force modification), parameterized by (beta, r_s), and validate against the CDM limit beta->0 and the paper's qualitative void/halo trends.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 89, "rank_structure_formation": 58}
{"gap_type": "emulator", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 135.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 4, "weight_structure_formation": 135.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 3, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1412_1592_nrp_sterile_neutrino_mixed_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-resonantly produced sterile-neutrino mixed dark matter", "family": "mixed_cold_warm_sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1592", "score": 42, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public subhalo/velocity-function emulator is calibrated for mixed cold plus NRP-sterile-neutrino dark matter as a function of (M_s, r_warm); existing WDM-calibrated emulators do not cover the mixed transfer-function shape, and the paper's simulations only sample r_warm = 0.25 and 0.50.", "proposed_resolution": "Run an N-body suite (GADGET-class plus SUBFIND) over a grid in M_s and r_warm using mixed transfer functions from the CLASS/CAMB sterile-neutrino module, and calibrate a subhalo V_max-function emulator (extending WDM emulators such as Galacticus- or SASHIMI-style semi-analytic models) on that suite.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_15543_minimal_decaying_dark_matter_s8_v1", "model_name": "Minimal decaying dark matter model for the S8 tension", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.15543", "score": 39, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No nonlinear matter-power emulator validated in the quasi-degenerate two-body DCDM regime (epsilon ~ 10^-3-10^-2, tau ~ 10-100 Gyr) including baryonic feedback, which weak-lensing S8 likelihoods need beyond the linear CLASS/CAMB output; existing DCDM emulators cover the regime only partially (card: simulation_calibrated 'partial', nonlinear and baryonic effects unhandled).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing two-body DCDM nonlinear-suppression emulator (calibrated on dedicated N-body runs) into the small-epsilon quasi-degenerate corner and couple it to a baryonification model, then interface it with the KiDS/DES shear likelihoods used for S8.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0612182_numsm_dodelson_widrow_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Lightest sterile neutrino dark matter in the nuMSM from active-sterile transitions", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0612182", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear Ly-alpha flux-power emulators are calibrated on thermal-WDM (or CDM) hydrodynamic simulations, so the distorted nonthermal DW distribution the paper says should be used directly in structure-formation simulations has no calibrated nonlinear forward model; the card's nonlinear block is uncalibrated (simulation_calibrated: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of hydrodynamic Ly-alpha simulations initialized with transfer functions from the exact DW f_s(q) across the (M1, mixing) plane and retrain an existing WDM flux-power emulator on them, or validate the area-criterion thermal-WDM mapping against those runs.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1410_0683_two_body_decaying_dm_v1", "model_name": "Two-body decaying dark matter with one massless and one massive daughter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1410.0683", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The weak-lensing/S8 constraint at k ~ 0.1-1 h/Mpc needs a nonlinear matter-power prescription for two-body decaying dark matter; the card records simulation_calibrated: no, so the route currently stops at linear power.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt and validate an existing N-body-calibrated nonlinear suppression emulator for two-body DDM (the DMemu-style boost-factor approach) coupled to the modified CLASS output, and wire it into a weak-lensing likelihood in Cobaya/MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 90, "rank_structure_formation": 55}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Isocurvature machinery", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 127.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 38.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2, "blocks_key_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 5}, "members": [{"model_id": "1310_1774_higgs_portal_png_domain_wall_hot_cold_dm_v1", "model_name": "Higgs-portal pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone hot-and-cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.1774", "score": 38.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The small-scale isocurvature/ultracompact-minihalo constraint on late-annihilating walls is applied only as the qualitative H_decay > 22 eV threshold; no derivation exists of the isocurvature power spectrum sourced by the wall network for this model, so the exclusion boundary cannot be computed quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the pNG isocurvature power spectrum from wall-network annihilation (analytically or from the lattice outputs of the network simulation) and confront it with published ultracompact-minihalo and CMB small-scale constraints to replace the single H_decay threshold.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2305_13381_spin2_inflationary_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Spin-2 dark matter from inflation", "family": "spin_2_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.13381", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The CMB isocurvature bound is applied through an order-of-magnitude estimate whose mapping from spin-2 spectator perturbations to observed isocurvature the paper explicitly leaves beyond scope for order-one sound speeds and EFT coefficients, so viability in that regime cannot be judged.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the spin-2-induced dark-matter isocurvature power spectrum from the mode functions (including scalar-helicity mixing with curvature perturbations at order-one couplings), and confront it with the Planck 2018 CDM-isocurvature likelihood to delimit the allowed (m, c_I, EFT-coefficient) space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9809547_bosonic_superheavy_x_vacuum_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bosonic superheavy X-particle from vacuum fluctuations", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9809547", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The isocurvature perturbation spectrum of the gravitationally produced X component has not been derived for this model, so the s4 likelihood step has no model-side input to compare against CMB isocurvature bounds despite a partial data-side likelihood existing.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the X-density isocurvature power spectrum from the mode functions of the production calculation as a function of (m_X/H_I, xi), following the treatment in the related isocurvature-constraint literature, and map it onto the Planck CDI amplitude parameter for use with the existing Planck isocurvature likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9903542_superheavy_inflation_relic_x_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced superheavy X-particle dark matter", "family": "superheavy_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9903542", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The X-density isocurvature amplitude from inflationary gravitational production has not been derived as a function of (m_X, H_I, xi) in a form that plugs into the public Planck isocurvature likelihood, so the CMB constraint cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the CDM-isocurvature power spectrum of gravitationally produced X particles (following the 2005.00391-style formalism) parameterized by m_X/H_I and xi, and run it through the Planck 2018 CDI isocurvature likelihood via Cobaya/MontePython.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_09245_qcd_axion_alp_pq_breaking_mixing_v1", "model_name": "QCD axion-ALP mass mixing with explicit PQ symmetry breaking", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.09245", "score": 19.7, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The claimed isocurvature suppression through the adiabatic transition has no quantitative pipeline: the isocurvature perturbation transfer through level crossing has not been derived and no comparison against Planck CMB isocurvature bounds has been performed for this scenario.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the linear perturbation equations for the two mixed eigenstates through level crossing, compute the resulting CDM isocurvature amplitude as a function of (f_a, r_m, R_m, H_inf), and recast against the Planck 2018 isocurvature bound.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 91, "rank_structure_formation": 89}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "BBN code extension", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 125.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 30.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 5}, "effort_counts": {"small": 3, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1806_04488_right_sneutrino_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Right-sneutrino FIMP dark matter with long-lived stau NLSP", "family": "supersymmetric_sneutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.04488", "score": 36, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN constraint on the stau NLSP is applied only as the crude tau_stau < 100 s criterion; light-element yields for this model's specific hadronic branching fractions are never computed, so the boundary of the allowed lifetime window is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the stau hadronic/electromagnetic decay spectra for the benchmark points and run them through a public late-decay BBN code (e.g. ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN with injection modules) to replace the flat 100 s cut with an actual light-element likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1205_5826_mgmsb_gravitino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "Minimal GMSB gravitino superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1205.5826", "score": 30.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN safety of the late-decaying TeV neutralino is enforced only through the tau_NLSP < 1 s lifetime criterion; the electromagnetic (and any subdominant hadronic) energy injection from the photon+gravitino decay is not propagated through an actual BBN network, so the constraint boundary near tau ~ 0.1-1 s is uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the benchmark (m_NLSP, m_G, tau, abundance) grid through a public late-decay BBN injection code such as ACROPOLIS to replace the 1-second criterion with element-abundance-based exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2403_04054_extremal_kerr_black_hole_dm_v1", "model_name": "Extremal Kerr black hole dark matter from Hawking evaporation", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2403.04054", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The pre-BBN consistency of the scenario (radiation injected by evaporating spinning PBHs with M_i < 1e13 M_Pl and lifetimes under 1 s) has never been checked with an evaporation-spectrum or BBN code; the constraint is only an analytic timing argument, and the route lists a spin-aware evaporation code plus radiation-history solver as required but unimplemented resources.", "proposed_resolution": "Couple the BH_Extremal stochastic mass/spin evolution to BlackHawk-style Kerr evaporation spectra and feed the injected radiation history into a BBN injection code (e.g. ACROPOLIS-type) to compute the allowed (M_i, formation time, initial abundance) region quantitatively.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1412_1485_light_dark_scalar_force_v1", "model_name": "Light dark scalar force dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1412.1485", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The hadronic decay widths and branching fractions of a Higgs-mixed light scalar below a few GeV (pion, kaon, gluon channels through the nonperturbative region) are not implemented in any tool cited by the card, degrading both the predicted Galactic Center cascade spectrum and the theta_hs-dependent mediator lifetime used for the BBN bound.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt dispersive-analysis light-scalar width calculations (Winkler-type spectral functions for the pi pi and K K channels) as a tabulated width-and-branching module, feed it into a cascade-spectrum generator for chi chi -> phi phi decays, and use the same widths to compute tau_phi(theta_hs, m_phi) for the BBN lifetime target.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2005_06294_hadrophilic_sequential_freeze_in_v1", "model_name": "Hadrophilic scalar-mediator sequential freeze-in dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2005.06294", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The BBN lifetime bound on the MeV-scale mediator is only an illustrative benchmark: the hadrophilic scalar's decay channels (phi -> gamma gamma via hadron loops, optional phi -> nu nu) are not implemented in a BBN code, so the exclusion in (m_phi, y_q, y_nu) is not systematically computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the mediator's abundance, lifetime, and branching ratios in an existing photodisintegration/BBN code such as ACROPOLIS or AlterBBN, scanning (m_phi, y_q, y_nu) to replace the single MeV benchmark statement with a proper exclusion region.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 92, "rank_structure_formation": 101}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 6, "n_models": 6, "weight": 122.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 4, "blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 1, "small": 4}, "members": [{"model_id": "1703_08087_long_lived_mediator_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Long-lived mixed scalar-pseudoscalar mediator model with Dirac dark matter", "family": "long_lived_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.08087", "score": 29, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Exact LUX/XENON1T/LZ direct-detection limit tables and the CHARM/flavor beam-dump exclusion contours used to bound (g_q, m_Y) were not ingested, so the direct-detection comparison and light-mediator laboratory constraints cannot currently be evaluated from the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Import the published LUX 90% CL limit and XENON1T/LZ projection tables (e.g. via DDCalc) mapped to the g_q g_X cos^2 alpha effective SI cross section, and digitize the CHARM beam-dump and flavor-changing meson-decay exclusion regions for m_Y in the 10-100 MeV range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1701_08750_submev_scalar_mediator_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-MeV scalar-mediator dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08750", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The stellar-cooling, fifth-force, supernova, and laboratory bounds on (m_phi, g_e, g_N) and the cosmological exclusion contours are not digitized in a consistent coupling normalization, so the constraint overlay on the direct-detection reach cannot be reproduced quantitatively.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published stellar/SN/fifth-force/laboratory limit curves on g_e and g_N versus m_phi into machine-readable tables with a documented normalization convention, and store them as constraint assets alongside the recoil-rate calculation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_01366_s_channel_vector_simplified_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "s-channel vector simplified Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "simplified_vector_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01366", "score": 22.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider exclusion and the direct-detection comparison are anchored to 8 TeV Run-I searches and LUX-era limits with minimal-width assumptions; no recast against Run-2/Run-3 mono-X data or current xenon-tonne-scale limits exists for this vector benchmark in the card.", "proposed_resolution": "Regenerate mono-X signal samples with the public DMsimp vector-mediator model in MadGraph/Pythia/Delphes, recast against current ATLAS/CMS monojet and mono-boson analyses via CheckMATE or MadAnalysis PAD, and replace the LUX comparison with LZ/XENONnT spin-independent limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_14996_late_decay_millicharged_dm_v1", "model_name": "Late-decay two-component millicharged dark matter model", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.14996", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The millicharged-particle constraint database required by the route does not exist in the pipeline: XQC, underground direct-detection, SN1987A, SLAC, CMS, MiniBooNE, LSND, ArgoNeuT, and milliQan exclusion curves compiled by the paper were not digitized, and the lifetime-dependent abundance rescaling (f_chi(z) from tau_Z1) needed to apply them is not implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published millicharged-particle exclusion curves in the (m_chi, epsilon) plane into a constraint table (or adapt an existing millicharged-limit compilation) and add an abundance-rescaling layer that maps each bound to the time-dependent fraction f_chi(z) implied by tau_Z1.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1603_01366_t_channel_scalar_mediator_dirac_fermion_v1", "model_name": "t-channel scalar-mediator Dirac fermion dark matter", "family": "simplified_t_channel_scalar_mediator_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1603.01366", "score": 17.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The combined collider/direct-detection exclusion for thermal Dirac t-channel dark matter is inherited from Run-I-era related studies (arXiv:1308.0592/1308.0612) rather than recomputed; no recast against Run-2/Run-3 jets+MET data or tonne-scale direct-detection limits exists for this card's specific flavor representation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the colored-scalar-doublet t-channel model in FeynRules/MadGraph (or adopt the public DMsimp-t implementation), generate monojet and mediator pair-production samples, recast against current squark-search and monojet analyses, and redo the combined exclusion with LZ/XENONnT limits under explicit flavor-representation choices.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1709_00436_asymmetric_bose_gas_wimp_like_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric Bose gas Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1709.00436", "score": 10, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable XENON/CDMSLite spin-independent limit curves or likelihood are attached to the card, so the limit_overlay step can only be done by re-digitizing published exclusion plots rather than against a reusable data product.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the XENON and CDMSLite limit curves used by the paper (or substitute the equivalent published spin-independent limits via a public direct-detection limit package such as DDCalc) and store them as a versioned data product referenced by the route.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 93}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Dark-photon / light-mediator constraint recast", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 119.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2, "degrades_precision": 3}, "effort_counts": {"small": 3, "large": 1, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1201_4988_light_decoupled_techni_dilaton_v1", "model_name": "Light decoupled techni-dilaton dark matter", "family": "composite_dilaton_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.4988", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized likelihood or exclusion tables exist in the card for the diffuse X-ray bound on the eV-scale TD two-photon decay (only quoted upper masses of about 140-460 eV) or for sub-millimeter inverse-square-law/fifth-force searches, so the decay_and_detection step cannot be closed at experiment level.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize diffuse/background X-ray decaying-dark-matter bounds in the 0.01-500 eV mass window into a tau_TD(M_TD) likelihood table, and import published torsion-balance and microsphere Yukawa exclusion curves as an (alpha, lambda) likelihood, wiring both into the route as the missing external likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1609_06320_radion_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Radion misalignment dark matter in a five-dimensional weak-scale framework", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06320", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No reusable likelihoods or digitized exclusion curves exist for the constraints this route compares against: atomic-clock/Dy-spectroscopy oscillatory-constant limits, fifth-force/equivalence-principle bounds, and black-hole superradiance regions are available only as figure-level overlays, and every constraint entry records likelihood_available no/unknown with recasting_needed yes.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published clock/spectroscopy, fifth-force/EP, and superradiance exclusion curves in the (m_r, coupling) plane and package them as likelihood or limit tables that include the sqrt(rho_r/rho_0) subcomponent rescaling the card specifies, so the route can be run for arbitrary radion density fractions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2006_15672_scalar_freeze_in_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar freeze-in inelastic dark matter with dark photon portal", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2006.15672", "score": 25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The SN1987A cooling constraint enters only as a quoted analytic bound on epsilon; no supernova transport calculation or likelihood covers this model's dark photon plus light dark-sector states (which open trapping/re-absorption channels), and the bound is unreliable outside the MeV mediator window.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun a supernova energy-loss calculation (following the Chang-Essig-McDermott style dark-photon luminosity treatment) including production and trapping of the dark photon with its decay to the split scalar pair, and publish the resulting exclusion as an (epsilon, m_V, e_D) mask usable as a route overlay.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2307_14053_b3_l2_dirac_rh_neutrino_thermal_dm_v1", "model_name": "B_3-L_2 Dirac right-handed-neutrino thermal dark matter", "family": "gauged_b_minus_l_thermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.14053", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable Borexino Phase-II solar-neutrino electron-recoil likelihood exists for a light Z' with kinetic mixing, so the epsilon bound at the g_X = 1.8e-4, m_Z' = 1 MeV benchmark cannot be recomputed or extended across the parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the Borexino Phase-II recoil spectrum fit as an open likelihood module: published Borexino event rates and efficiencies combined with standard solar fluxes and oscillation probabilities, taking (epsilon, g_X, m_Z') as inputs to the SM-plus-Z' neutrino-electron cross section.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1003_2313_sub_ev_scalar_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sub-eV scalar dark matter through the super-renormalizable Higgs portal", "family": "ultralight_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1003.2313", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No machine-readable fifth-force or equivalence-principle likelihood exists for the super-renormalizable Higgs-portal parameterization (A, m_phi); the paper's exclusions are plotted bounds, so quantitative recasts require digitized experimental curves that are not supplied.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the torsion-balance inverse-square-law (Eot-Wash style) and equivalence-principle (including MICROSCOPE) exclusion curves as (Yukawa strength alpha, range lambda) likelihood tables, then map (A, m_phi) onto (alpha, lambda) with published Higgs-nucleon couplings and composition factors so the excluded portal region is reproduced as a reusable likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 94}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Nonlinear-structure emulator", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 115.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 3, "weight_structure_formation": 75.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 3, "blocks_key_observables": 1, "blocks_all_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 4, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1906_00010_vector_portal_hidden_sector_emde_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-portal hidden-sector dark matter with an early matter-dominated era", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00010", "score": 31.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Microhalo survival and gravitational heating at reheating dominate the boost-factor uncertainty: the boost is highly sensitive to the free-streaming cutoff and to how many prompt microhalos survive, and no simulation suite spans the (T_dom/T_RH, lambda_fs, m_X/m_Zprime) space needed to calibrate this beyond the paper's bracketing procedures.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of high-resolution N-body simulations of microhalo formation and post-reheating disruption across a grid of EMDE durations and cutoff scales, and fit an emulator for the annihilation boost factor B_0 and its uncertainty band.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1708_09406_general_interacting_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "General interacting dark sector with dark matter and dark radiation", "family": "interacting_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1708.09406", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation for IDS is uncalibrated (simulation_calibrated: no; halo and subhalo effects unknown), so weak-lensing and cluster-count constraints on the S8-suppression regime rely on nonlinear prescriptions never validated for DAO-like IDS spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations seeded with IDS initial power spectra across the (Gamma_0, f, Delta_N_fluid) posterior region and fit a nonlinear boost or emulator (halofit-style correction) for use in weak-lensing and cluster likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2103_07625_alp_string_wall_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Axion-like particle dark matter from N>1 string-wall annihilation", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2103.07625", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public simulation or calibrated emulator exists for biased N>1 ALP string-wall networks that outputs the network scaling parameters, annihilation time, GW spectrum normalization, and the emitted ALP momentum spectrum needed for the abundance and dark-radiation split.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice field-theory simulations of Z_N string-wall networks with a vacuum bias term (extending Hiramatsu-Kawasaki-Saikawa-type domain-wall simulation codes), calibrate the area parameter, annihilation time versus epsilon_b, and the ALP and GW emission spectra, and release the results as fitting functions or an emulator over (V, v, N, epsilon_b, m_a).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9910349_two_neutrino_hot_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-neutrino hot dark matter with a four-neutrino mass pattern", "family": "hot_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9910349", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Cluster-abundance and void statistics for the Omega_m=1, Omega_nu=0.2 two-neutrino CHDM configuration are not simulation-calibrated; existing nuCDM emulators and halo-mass-function fits are calibrated on low-Omega_nu LCDM cosmologies and do not cover this regime.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of neutrino-inclusive N-body simulations (e.g. Gadget-4 with linear-response or particle neutrinos) at the CHDM parameter point to calibrate the halo mass function and void statistics near 10 h^-1 Mpc, validating the claimed cluster-overproduction reduction of two versus one hot species.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep-ph9709492_supersymmetric_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Q-ball dark matter from condensate fragmentation", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/9709492", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public simulation or calibrated semi-analytic pipeline converts an Affleck-Dine flat-direction condensate (given initial charge density and potential shape) into a Q-ball charge distribution; the paper relies on linear-instability estimates and identifies the nonlinear fragmentation as unsolved future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Run 3D lattice simulations of a complex scalar with MSSM flat-direction potentials (adapting a public lattice code such as CosmoLattice or GABE to conserved-charge initial conditions), scan initial charge density and potential flatness, and fit the resulting Q-ball charge distribution into a reusable semi-analytic emulator.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 95, "rank_structure_formation": 68}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "CMB likelihood & ΔN_eff machinery", "n_gaps": 5, "n_models": 5, "weight": 111.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 33.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 5}, "effort_counts": {"large": 3, "small": 1, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2302_00010_axion_quark_nugget_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion quark nugget dark matter", "family": "macroscopic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.00010", "score": 33.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The AQN-visible-matter annihilation efficiency kappa, which multiplies every environmental heating and radiation prediction, has no first-principles calculation or empirical calibration (card status: unknown), leaving all environment-dependent rates uncertain by an unquantified factor.", "proposed_resolution": "Perform a dedicated microphysical calculation of matter accretion and annihilation on a color-superconducting nugget surface with its electrosphere (velocity, density, and ionization dependence of kappa), and publish kappa(n, v, T) tables usable by the heating step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2208_09422_gluophilic_zprime_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Gluophilic Z-prime portal FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2208.09422", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The ATLAS 139 fb^-1 monojet exclusion (A sigma > 0.3 fb at E_T^miss > 1200 GeV) is applied at parton level with approximated selection efficiency, so the collider bound and Run-3 projections carry uncontrolled detector-level systematics for this UFO model.", "proposed_resolution": "Run the gluophilic Z-prime UFO through MadGraph5+Pythia8 showering and a validated detector-level recast of the ATLAS monojet analysis (CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 PAD implementation) to replace the parton-level cutflow with full-efficiency exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2304_03750_post_recombination_decaying_cdm_photon_reheating_v1", "model_name": "Post-recombination reheating decaying cold dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2304.03750", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The near-blackbody photon-injection assumption that underlies the entire scenario has not been checked with a thermalization calculation: no computation exists of the FIRAS mu/y distortion produced by this model's post-recombination (z_X ~ 40-190) photon injection for a given microphysical spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a CosmoTherm-style (or Chluba Green's-function) thermalization calculation for candidate injected spectra, e.g. the 0.1 eV excited-state dark-photon line, and map out which (f_DCDM, z_X, spectrum) regions survive the FIRAS distortion limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_cusp_emission_p_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Nambu-Goto Cusp Emission WIMP dark matter with p-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from string tension Gmu and Nambu-Goto network evolution to the injection amplitude q_X and power index p is only a normalization assumption; no simulation-calibrated cusp-emission efficiency is encoded in any tool, so the reported Gmu bounds cannot be updated reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the (Gmu, loop-size distribution) to (q_X, p) mapping against modern Nambu-Goto string-network simulations of cusp particle emission and package it as a lookup usable by the source-term module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1311_1637_cusp_emission_s_wave_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Nambu-Goto Cusp Emission WIMP dark matter with s-wave annihilation", "family": "topological_defect_assisted_wimp", "arxiv": "1311.1637", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The mapping from string tension Gmu and Nambu-Goto network evolution to the injection amplitude q_X and power index p is only a normalization assumption; no simulation-calibrated cusp-emission efficiency is encoded in any tool, so the reported Gmu bounds cannot be updated reliably.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate the (Gmu, loop-size distribution) to (q_X, p) mapping against modern Nambu-Goto string-network simulations of cusp particle emission and package it as a lookup usable by the source-term module.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 96, "rank_structure_formation": 95}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "PTA / stochastic GW background likelihood", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 106.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "minor": 2, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 3, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_16568_cp_conserving_cxsm_domain_wall_dm_v1", "model_name": "CP-conserving complex singlet scalar dark matter with biased domain walls", "family": "complex_singlet_scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.16568", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The possible nonthermal dark-matter contribution from direct domain-wall collapse is noted in the card as unresolved: no derivation exists of the Im S yield and momentum distribution produced when the biased walls annihilate, which could shift the relic-density viable region away from the pure freeze-out result.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the particle-production yield from wall annihilation (energy budget of the network times the branching into Im S quanta, cross-checked against lattice-simulation energy loss rates) and add it as a nonthermal correction to the micrOMEGAs freeze-out abundance across the PTA-favorable v_S range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1907_04125_inflection_point_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflection-point inflation primordial black-hole dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1907.04125", "score": 27, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The scalar-induced stochastic gravitational-wave background sourced by the enhanced small-scale spectrum is identified as an observable but was not computed, so no prediction exists to compare with GW detectors.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the computed P_R(k) through the standard second-order induced-GW kernel integrals using a public implementation such as SIGWfast, including the reheating-era equation-of-state dependence already parameterized by w_reh.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1911_11885_nonzero_velocity_axion_misalignment_v1", "model_name": "Nonzero-initial-velocity axion misalignment dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1911.11885", "score": 26.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implemented calculator exists for the stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum sourced by a rotating/kinetic ALP with gauge-field couplings; the card only cites related-paper formulae without a usable spectrum pipeline for this model's parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and implement the GW spectrum from the rotating-ALP gauge-field instability following the related kinetic-misalignment papers, parameterized by (f_a, alpha/f_a, dot_theta_i), and output Omega_GW(f) for comparison with PTA and interferometer sensitivity curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1905_13116_low_scale_hypercolor_axion_domain_wall_dm_v1", "model_name": "Low-scale hypercolor axion-domain-wall dark sector", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1905.13116", "score": 19.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No gravitational-wave spectrum has been computed for the low-scale HC confinement transition and collapsing wall network: the transition strength, latent heat, and wall-tension parameters needed to evaluate Omega_GW(f) in the nanohertz band were never extracted, leaving only a qualitative detectability claim.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the HC confinement transition parameters (alpha, beta/H, wall tension) using holographic or matrix-model estimates for pure-glue SU(N) at Lambda_HC ~ 0.1-1 MeV, feed them into standard first-order-transition and domain-wall GW spectrum templates (e.g. via CosmoTransitions plus PTArcade-style PTA sensitivity overlays), and compare against NANOGrav/SKA curves.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 97}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "N-body / hydrodynamic simulation campaign", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 104.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 48.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 4}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2403_09558_feebly_coupled_u1x_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Feebly coupled U(1)_X hidden-sector dark fermion dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2403.09558", "score": 34, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The GW amplitude relies on hydrodynamic fitting formulae calibrated to visible-sector transitions; the bubble wall velocity and sound-wave efficiency for a transition in a colder, feebly coupled hidden plasma (friction only from hidden species) are uncalibrated inputs scanned as free parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the bubble wall velocity from hidden-sector friction (extending existing wall-velocity codes to the U(1)_X particle content) and recalibrate kappa_sw efficiency factors with hydrodynamic simulations for the relevant alpha and xi range, replacing the flat v_w in (0,1) scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2312_01410_yukawa_coupled_dark_sector_v1", "model_name": "Yukawa-coupled dark sector model", "family": "interacting_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "2312.01410", "score": 28, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure is not modeled for this scenario: the scale-dependent coupled growth invalidates LCDM-calibrated halofit/HMcode prescriptions, degrading the DES-Y3 weak-lensing (S8) side of the analysis, which probes mildly nonlinear scales.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a small suite of N-body simulations with the scalar-dependent CDM mass and fifth-force terms (e.g. extending an interacting-dark-energy N-body code) to recalibrate a halofit/HMcode-style nonlinear boost over the viable beta and EDE parameter range.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_02947_dark_u1x_vector_higgs_portal_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gauged U(1)_X vector Higgs-portal dark matter", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.02947", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The GW spectrum and detectability classification rest on assumed bubble-wall velocities and standard sound-wave efficiency fits not calibrated for this dark-sector multi-step transition, which the card flags as the dominant reach uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the bubble-wall velocity and hydrodynamic efficiency for representative benchmarks using current friction/hydrodynamics frameworks, and propagate updated sound-wave spectral fits into the GW-reach classification.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_thermal_fermion_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Thermal-equilibrium fermionic WDM primordial-spectrum model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Press-Schechter halo mass function for this suppressed FD spectrum is not calibrated against WDM N-body simulations (card: simulation_calibrated partial; caveat that PS predictions need simulation calibration), degrading the delayed-halo-formation prediction at z ~ 4-12.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate a sharp-k or modified-barrier mass function against existing thermal-WDM N-body suites, parameterized by k_1/2/R_1/2 so the calibration transfers across the paper's variants, and adopt the calibrated form in place of raw Press-Schechter.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 98, "rank_structure_formation": 77}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "PBH formation & abundance pipeline", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 104.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 41.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2, "minor": 1, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 1, "large": 2, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1804_07255_scalar_dm_clumps_angular_momentum_v1", "model_name": "Light scalar dark matter clumps with angular momentum", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.07255", "score": 36.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The model predicts no cosmological clump abundance: the mass function, halo fraction, and angular-momentum distribution of clumps are unspecified (the card notes 'no cosmological abundance for these clumps is derived'), so no event-rate or flux prediction can be normalized.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the clump mass and angular-momentum distribution from structure-formation simulations of the post-misalignment axion/scalar field (kinetic-relaxation or miniclusters-to-solitons pipelines), parameterized by (m, f_a, lambda), and store it as the input mass function for the microlensing and radio routes.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2109_01678_ultralight_axion_dark_su3_phase_transition_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight axion dark matter from a dark SU(3)d confining phase transition", "family": "ultralight_axion_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2109.01678", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calculation exists of the dark SU(3)d confining first-order phase-transition thermodynamics (latent heat/strength alpha, inverse duration beta/H, bubble-wall dynamics) at Lambda_a ~ 10 keV, which sets both the GW spectrum amplitude and the PBH-formation efficiency.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the SU(3) pure-gauge (plus heavy vector-like quark) confinement transition parameters from existing lattice thermodynamics data or a matrix/Polyakov-loop effective model, then feed alpha and beta/H into standard FOPT GW fit formulas (Caprini-et-al templates as implemented in PTPlot-style calculators).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2110_14660_gravitational_genesis_two_component_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational-genesis two-component dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2110.14660", "score": 21, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector response model exists for Planck-scale PBH relics: the card notes the relic interaction channel (neutral geometric versus charged) is unspecified, so the direct-detection observable cannot be forward-modeled at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify the relic interaction model (neutral geometric cross section versus charged relic), derive the corresponding terrestrial flux and energy-deposition signature, and recast onto existing macroscopic/charged-relic search limits such as those framed for charged Planck-scale relics in the cited related work.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2207_13689_spiked_extended_pbh_mass_function_dm_v1", "model_name": "Spiked extended primordial black-hole mass-function dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2207.13689", "score": 20, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The modified Press-Schechter formalism is unreliable when the spike mass lies far below the extended-distribution cutoff, and the paper ignores the nonlinear enhancement expected for the strong spiked power spectrum, so the predicted mass function is uncalibrated in exactly the spiked regime of interest.", "proposed_resolution": "Recompute PBH formation from the spiked spectrum with peaks theory plus a nonlinear collapse-threshold treatment calibrated on numerical-relativity simulations of critical collapse (delta_c and mass-scaling for narrow spikes), and publish the corrected mass function as a drop-in replacement for the Press-Schechter step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 99, "rank_structure_formation": 84}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Phase-transition & defect-network computation", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 99.1, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "1909_03627_hidden_monopole_axion_portal_v1", "model_name": "Hidden monopole dark matter via axion portal", "family": "hidden_monopole_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1909.03627", "score": 32.9, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The monopole relic fraction rests on a Kibble-Zurek estimate with order-of-magnitude uncertainty from the critical exponent and monopole-antimonopole annihilation modeling; no simulation-calibrated prediction of hidden SU(2) monopole production at a second-order phase transition exists for this parameter range.", "proposed_resolution": "Run classical-statistical lattice field-theory simulations of the SU(2)_H second-order phase transition (Kibble-Zurek defect formation plus subsequent monopole-antimonopole annihilation) to calibrate the relic-fraction formula against the critical exponent used in the benchmark.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1906_06348_charged_planck_scale_relics_v1", "model_name": "Charged Planck-scale relic dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "1906.06348", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No detector-response simulation exists for the CPR signature: energy deposition, ionization, scintillation, and bubble-nucleation yields for an order-e charged Planck-mass object moving at halo velocity, a regime (very slow, very heavy, straight track) outside the calibration range of standard SRIM/Geant4 workflows for each candidate technology.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute low-velocity electronic and nuclear stopping power for a unit-charge Planck-mass projectile (Lindhard-type formalism cross-checked with SRIM tables) and implement the track response in Geant4-style simulations for bubble chambers, liquid argon TPCs, and paleo-detector minerals, validating against published slow-monopole response studies.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2306_15555_bubbletron_heavy_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Bubbletron-produced heavy fermion dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.15555", "score": 21.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The GW prediction rests on the untested assumption that the bulk-flow model captures the stress-energy of colliding ultra-relativistic free-streaming gauge shells; no simulation of shell collisions in this regime calibrates the spectrum amplitude and shape.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice or many-bubble semi-analytic simulations of colliding thin relativistic shells (extending existing bubble-collision GW codes to the free-streaming shell limit) and fit a calibrated correction to the bulk-flow template over the relevant gamma_coll and beta/H range.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2210_05680_scalar_condensate_ew_snr_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-condensate electroweak non-restoration dark matter", "family": "scalar_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2210.05680", "score": 20.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The SNR mechanism assumes the initial charge asymmetry thermalizes into a Bose-Einstein condensate and that the condensate later evaporates leaving v_phi(0)=0; no nonperturbative simulation of condensate formation, stability, and evaporation in the electroweak plasma exists to validate this window, and public finite-temperature tools (e.g. CosmoTransitions) do not handle scalar potentials at finite charge chemical potential.", "proposed_resolution": "Run real-time classical-statistical lattice simulations of the charged scalar plus Higgs system at finite charge density to test condensate thermalization and evaporation, and extend a finite-temperature effective-potential code (e.g. CosmoTransitions) to include a charge chemical potential for the SNR condition scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 100}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Dark-photon / light-mediator constraint recast", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 96.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 38.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 3, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 2, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2312_06889_axion_su2_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Axion-SU(2) inflation vector boson dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.06889", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No worked recast maps published dark-photon dark-matter limits onto this model: the effective kinetic mixing epsilon ~ lambda m^2/(g^2 f^2) applies to only one of three degenerate SU(2) components, so limits must be rescaled by component fraction and degeneracy-breaking assumptions, and the cluster sigma/m ~ g^4/m^3 comparison is only a dimensional estimate with unquantified wave-regime corrections.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the mixed-component energy fraction and effective epsilon across the (m, g, f) plane, rescale existing dark-photon DM absorption/haloscope exclusions by that fraction, and compute the actual non-Abelian vector self-scattering cross section (including wave-regime suppression at low m) for comparison with cluster sigma/m bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_10563_conformal_freeze_in_composite_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in composite dark-pion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.10563", "score": 24.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Stellar emission rates of dark-sector states through the suppressed portal have not been calculated for this model, so stellar-cooling bounds on light benchmarks cannot be evaluated beyond threshold arithmetic.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive dark-sector emission rates from stellar plasmas (plasmon mixing into the composite dark photon and CFT-state pair emission) as a function of (T_S, m_gap, epsilon), then compare against standard HB/RGB/SN energy-loss budgets to obtain cooling exclusions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1310_3753_nonminimally_coupled_bec_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Non-minimally coupled relativistic BEC dark matter", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1310.3753", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "Solar-system and local-gravity compatibility of the derivative coupling is argued only qualitatively (baryon dominance and constant local DM density); no quantitative PPN or fifth-force recast of the L^2 G_mu_nu operator with realistic local dark-matter density gradients exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the PPN-level corrections induced by the derivative coupling for a local condensate density profile and compare them to Solar System (Cassini, lunar laser ranging) bounds, producing an exclusion region in the (L, local density gradient) plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0308183_inhomogeneous_dilaton_oscillatons_v1", "model_name": "Inhomogeneous dilaton oscillaton dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0308183", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The dilaton's coupling to ordinary matter has not been derived and recast against laboratory tests: the fifth-force and varying-constant risk from the nearly massless uncooled component is flagged only qualitatively, with no quantitative Eotvos/PPN exclusion in the model's (xi, coupling, effective mass) space.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the effective dilaton-matter coupling in the Einstein frame from the given scalar-tensor action and compare it to equivalence-principle, PPN, and varying-constant bounds, producing the allowed region or the required screening condition.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 101, "rank_structure_formation": 90}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Self-interacting DM halo modeling", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 96.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 3, "weight_structure_formation": 68.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 4}, "effort_counts": {"large": 2, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2309_13145_kreuzer_skarke_axiverse_dm_v1", "model_name": "Kreuzer-Skarke type IIB axiverse dark matter ensemble", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2309.13145", "score": 28.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Black-hole superradiance constraints must be recast spectrum-by-spectrum for each KS toy model, but no recast tables exist that account for the dense hierarchical mass spectra and quartic self-interactions that can quench superradiant growth (the primary paper defers this treatment).", "proposed_resolution": "Generate superradiance exclusion tables over (m_a, f_a) including self-interaction quenching using existing superradiance evolution codes and astrophysical BH mass-spin catalogs, then apply them per KS mass spectrum as a lookup in the population scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2108_02657_self_interacting_warm_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting warm dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2108.02657", "score": 27, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Boltzmann hierarchy uses a relaxation-time approximation with interpolated rates in intermediate regimes and neglects the mediator population; the accuracy of tau_rel-based perturbation evolution against the full collision integral has not been quantified for the massive-scalar and massive-vector cases, limiting confidence in the CMB-era predictions.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the full elastic collision integral for the scalar and vector amplitude ansatz in a Boltzmann code for a few benchmark points (following full-collision-term treatments developed for neutrino self-interactions) and calibrate or correct the relaxation-time tables in siwdm-class against it.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1809_09106_massless_dark_photon_composite_pngb_dm_v1", "model_name": "Composite pNGB dark matter with a massless dark photon", "family": "composite_pseudo_nambu_goldstone_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.09106", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Halo-shape constraints on long-range (unscreened Coulomb-like) dark-photon-mediated self-interactions are not simulation-calibrated for this model: the quoted NGC720 ellipticity bound has been substantially revised in the literature and there is no validated likelihood connecting alpha_D/m_phi to halo-shape data.", "proposed_resolution": "Run cosmological or isolated-halo N-body simulations with a velocity-dependent, forward-peaked long-range scattering kernel appropriate to massless-mediator exchange, calibrate ellipticity and density-profile observables against elliptical-galaxy and cluster data, and release the resulting bound as a likelihood over alpha_D/m_phi.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2105_13358_starobinsky_dark_glueball_v1", "model_name": "Starobinsky-produced dark SU(N) glueball dark matter", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.13358", "score": 17, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The glueball self-interaction cross section sigma/m and the 3-to-2 number-changing rates are known only up to large-N naive-dimensional-analysis factors; these O(1)-or-worse uncertainties directly move the viability boundary in (Lambda, N).", "proposed_resolution": "Use lattice determinations of SU(N) glueball spectra and extract the elastic and 3-to-2 glueball couplings from lattice matrix elements (or large-N chiral-Lagrangian fits to existing lattice data) to replace the NDA estimates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 102, "rank_structure_formation": 70}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Sterile-neutrino production solver", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 4, "weight": 87.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 4, "weight_structure_formation": 87.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1308_1109_dodelson_widrow_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino WDM spectrum model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Press-Schechter halo mass function used for the delayed-structure observable is not simulation-calibrated for this variant's non-thermal cutoff spectrum (card marks simulation_calibrated: partial and caveats that PS needs calibration).", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate a sharp-k/smooth-k mass-function barrier against a small suite of N-body simulations run with Dodelson-Widrow transfer functions over z=4-12, and release the fit as a drop-in replacement for the PS step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_1109_shi_fuller_sterile_neutrino_wdm_v1", "model_name": "Shi-Fuller resonant sterile-neutrino WDM spectrum model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.1109", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The Press-Schechter halo mass function used for the delayed-structure observable is not simulation-calibrated for this variant's resonant cutoff spectrum (card marks simulation_calibrated: partial and caveats that PS needs calibration).", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate a sharp-k/smooth-k mass-function barrier against a small suite of N-body simulations run with resonant Shi-Fuller transfer functions over z=4-12, and release the fit as a drop-in replacement for the PS step.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1109_6291_dw_sterile_neutrino_wdm_halo_model_v1", "model_name": "Dodelson-Widrow sterile-neutrino WDM halo model", "family": "warm_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1109.6291", "score": 20.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The DW interpretation rests on an approximate scaling of a gravitino/thermal WDM transfer function to sterile-neutrino masses, and the underlying simulations omit random thermal velocities, so predictions are not calibrated on the true non-thermal DW phase-space distribution.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the exact DW momentum distribution with the public sterile-dm code, feed it to CLASS/CAMB as an ncdm species to get the true T_wdm(k), and recalibrate the halo-model ingredients on a small suite of WDM N-body simulations that include thermal velocities.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1006_4008_resonant_msm_sterile_neutrino_v1", "model_name": "Resonant MSM sterile-neutrino dark matter with technically natural N2-N3 degeneracy", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1006.4008", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing resonant sterile-neutrino production codes (Shi-Fuller type, e.g. sterile-dm) take a static pre-set lepton asymmetry and are not calibrated for the time-dependent asymmetry sourced by N2/N3 decays at T ~ 100 MeV in this scenario, so the N1 momentum distribution f_N1(p) is only approximately computable.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public Shi-Fuller production code to accept a time-dependent lepton-asymmetry history (coupled to the gap_1 solver output) and validate the resulting f_N1(p) against the published resonant-production spectra of the related nuMSM abundance papers.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 103, "rank_structure_formation": 66}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Sterile-neutrino production solver", "n_gaps": 4, "n_models": 3, "weight": 87.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 64.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2, "degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 3, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2302_09840_kev_sterile_neutrino_mes_a4_v1", "model_name": "keV sterile neutrino dark matter in a minimal extended seesaw A4 model", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09840", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No Ly-alpha forest or phase-space likelihood is available for the nonthermal sterile-neutrino momentum distribution of this model; existing Ly-alpha likelihoods and emulators are calibrated on thermal-WDM transfer functions, and the mapping for Dodelson-Widrow versus Shi-Fuller spectra is production-mechanism dependent.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed the production-solver momentum distribution into CLASS/CAMB to obtain the linear transfer function, then recast onto an existing Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator (thermal-WDM-equivalent mapping validated against non-resonant and resonant spectra), and add the Tremaine-Gunn phase-space bound analytically.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0101524_nonresonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-resonant sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0101524", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No packaged X-ray decay-line likelihood exists for arbitrary (m_s, sin^2(2 theta)): the Chandra M31 bound on the card is a fixed published limit tied to Dodelson-Widrow assumptions, with no rerunnable line-flux calculator plus instrument/background model to recast it across the parameter plane or newer datasets.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a decay-flux likelihood module combining the standard Gamma(m_s, theta) radiative rate with dark-matter column-density models for M31/clusters/blank-sky fields and digitized flux limits from Chandra, XMM, and NuSTAR analyses, exposing it as a function of (m_s, sin^2(2 theta)) times the model's computed relic fraction.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro_ph0101524_nonresonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-resonant sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0101524", "score": 30, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The Ly-alpha constraint is applied only through an approximate thermal-equivalent WDM mass mapping; no pipeline evaluates a Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood directly on transfer functions computed from the actual non-resonant sterile-neutrino f_s(p), and hydrodynamical/IGM-thermal uncertainties are not propagated.", "proposed_resolution": "Interface the CLASS NCDM transfer functions generated from the sterile-dm distribution with an existing public Ly-alpha likelihood or emulator (e.g. the BOSS/eBOSS flux-power likelihood used in non-cold dark matter analyses such as 1706.03118, with marginalized IGM thermal-history nuisance parameters) to bound m_s directly rather than via the thermal-mass proxy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2310_15906_gravitationally_produced_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitationally produced sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2310.15906", "score": 23, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No digitized, reusable likelihood exists for the sterile-neutrino decay constraints relevant here: the NuSTAR 10-50 keV X-ray line limits, CMB distortion bounds, and Dodelson-Widrow overproduction contours are only available as published figures assuming a fully thermal-relic population, not recast for a cold gravitational relic with free abundance fraction and mixing angle theta.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the NuSTAR/X-ray, CMB-distortion, and Dodelson-Widrow exclusion curves from the cited sources into (M, theta) data tables, and wrap them in a likelihood that rescales line-flux limits by the model's predicted abundance fraction and adds the thermal DW contribution computed from theta, so the gravitational-production parameter space can be scored directly.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 104, "rank_structure_formation": 72}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "CMB likelihood & ΔN_eff machinery", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 74.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 52.5, "severity_counts": {"minor": 1, "degrades_precision": 1, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1908_03559_freeze_twin_electron_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-twin electron and positron dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.03559", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The asymmetric-reheating depletion of the twin sector is an unspecified initial condition: without a quantitative depletion model there is no way to compute the residual twin radiation Delta N_eff or a possible mirror-baryon subcomponent that the relic and CMB comparisons assume negligible.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify and solve a concrete asymmetric-reheating implementation (e.g. late decay of a reheaton preferentially into the SM sector) coupled to the Higgs-portal heat-flow equations, deriving the twin-sector temperature history and Delta N_eff at BBN/CMB as a function of the depletion efficiency.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "0903_0660_many_copy_standard_model_baryon_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Many-copy Standard Model hidden-baryon dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_baryonic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0903.0660", "score": 22, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The optional millicharged hidden-baryon detection channel has no defined interaction model: the millicharge epsilon is not specified and no scattering or annihilation rate model exists to recast against direct or indirect searches.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete kinetic-mixing/millicharge benchmark for the hidden photon copies, derive the hidden-baryon-nucleus and hidden-baryon-electron scattering cross sections as functions of epsilon and mass, and recast against existing millicharged-DM direct-detection and CMB limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0405109_approximate_pq_singlino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Approximate-PQ electroweak supersymmetry with singlino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_singlino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0405109", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The pre-BBN entropy-generation mechanism required to dilute the thermal singlino abundance by 10^4-10^5*(m_s/100 keV) is not specified, so the post-dilution singlino phase-space distribution needed for all downstream cosmology cannot be derived.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete dilution model (e.g. a late-decaying heavy field or the G sector itself) and derive the resulting singlino f(p) and reheated N_eff analytically, parameterized by the decay temperature and dilution factor D, so the pipeline is closed without leaving D a free hand-put number.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 105, "rank_structure_formation": 75}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Stellar-stream perturbation likelihood", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 74.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 48.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2305_03756_nonperiodic_alp_fragmentation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Fragmenting non-periodic-potential axion-like dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.03756", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No event-level likelihood exists for dense-minihalo encounters with stellar streams (GD-1-like gaps) or pulsar-timing arrays for this model; the card frames both channels as qualitative prospects with encounter-rate and population modeling absent.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend existing GD-1 subhalo-impact inference frameworks and PTA Doppler/Shapiro static-limit searches to the model's minihalo mass function and density profiles, folding in the encounter-rate calculation from the predicted halo population.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2203_11935_vector_wave_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Vector wave dark matter in the nonrelativistic Schrödinger-Poisson limit", "family": "ultralight_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.11935", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No likelihood exists for vector wave dark matter against dwarf-galaxy core, stellar-stream heating, or substructure data, and the lowest-energy vector soliton is density-degenerate with the scalar case, so scalar fuzzy-DM bounds cannot be recast without vector-specific (spin/polarization and multi-component) corrections.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast existing scalar fuzzy-DM dwarf-core and stream-heating likelihoods by replacing the scalar core-halo relation and granule statistics with the vector-calibrated versions from gap_2, and add spin/polarization-sensitive observables to break the scalar-vector density degeneracy.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1707_03829_dissipative_dark_electromagnetism_v1", "model_name": "Dissipative dark electromagnetism model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1707.03829", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood connects the predicted compact collapsed dark substructures to data; the card's caveat notes no microlensing (or other compact-object) likelihood was run, and con_self_scattering_dao_window has likelihood_available: no with recasting needed.", "proposed_resolution": "Once a collapsed-object mass function exists (gap_1), recast it through existing compact-object constraint machinery: microlensing survey likelihoods, stellar-stream perturbation likelihoods, and strong-lensing substructure likelihoods parameterized by object mass and compactness.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 106, "rank_structure_formation": 78}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Compact-object capture & heating", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 72.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 31.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "1908_03559_freeze_twin_electron_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Freeze-twin electron and positron dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1908.03559", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No supernova-cooling likelihood or recast exists for the twin sector: existing dark-photon SN1987A cooling bounds do not include the twin-electron pair-production and trapping channels of this model, so the epsilon-m_gamma_prime cooling region is only a qualitative overlay.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt an existing dark-photon supernova energy-loss calculation (Chang-Essig-McDermott-style, including finite-temperature mixing and trapping) to add twin-electron final states, and publish the resulting exclusion contour as a reusable likelihood in the epsilon-m_gamma_prime plane.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1701_08750_nonabelian_goldstone_absorption_dm_v1", "model_name": "Non-Abelian Goldstone absorption dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1701.08750", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood or systematic recast exists for the combined cosmological and stellar-cooling bounds on the Goldstone coupling scale (likelihood_available is 'no', recasting_needed is 'yes'), so the constraint overlay on the absorption signal is only qualitative.", "proposed_resolution": "Recast published stellar-cooling (red giant, horizontal branch, supernova) and overproduction limits into the (m_pi, Lambda) plane for each choice of flavor generator, and package them as a simple bound-overlay likelihood alongside the absorption-rate prediction.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1209_6358_charged_excitation_case_a_majorana_scalar_v1", "model_name": "Charged-excitation WIMP Case A", "family": "coannihilating_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1209.6358", "score": 18.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No reusable likelihood exists for MeV-scale energy deposits in EXO-200, KamLAND-Zen, SNO, and Borexino: only published high-energy spectra with conservative background subtraction were used, and detector effects such as gamma escape can shift limits by a factor of about two.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published high-energy event spectra, model each detector's response (energy resolution, gamma-escape probability, fiducial acceptance) with a lightweight Monte Carlo, and package a binned Poisson likelihood over (Delta m, tau, capture rate), extendable to current-generation data such as KamLAND-Zen 800 and nEXO projections.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 107, "rank_structure_formation": 99}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Milky Way satellite / subhalo-count likelihood", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 71.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 52.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "2305_01383_sterile_neutrino_portal_interacting_dm_v1", "model_name": "Sterile-neutrino portal interacting fermion dark matter", "family": "interacting_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.01383", "score": 34, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public semi-analytic subhalo pipeline maps the sterile-neutrino-portal DM-neutrino scattering (constant and T^2 cross-section regimes, T_kd around 0.1-1 keV) through the dark-acoustic transfer-function cutoff to Milky Way satellite abundances with an attached likelihood.", "proposed_resolution": "Feed CLASS_nu-DM transfer functions into an existing semi-analytic subhalo code (e.g. SASHIMI or Galacticus) with a satellite-forming condition, and couple the resulting subhalo mass function to the public DES/Pan-STARRS1 Milky Way satellite likelihood used for WDM-style suppression models.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2303_14469_invisible_dilaton_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Invisible dilaton misalignment dark matter", "family": "scalar_field_misalignment_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.14469", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the screened scalar-field profile around finite-size sources with the model's quadratic m_f phi^2/Lambda_f^2 matter coupling; the paper's analytic screened/unscreened limits do not cover general source densities and Newtonian potentials needed for Earth, satellite, and test-mass geometries.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a 1D/3D nonlinear Klein-Gordon boundary-value solver (extending existing chameleon/symmetron screening codes such as those used for fifth-force forecasts) parameterized by (m_phi, Lambda_f, source density profile, ambient condensate amplitude), validated against the paper's screened and unscreened analytic limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep-ph0701011_axino_superwimp_v1", "model_name": "axino LSP superWIMP dark matter", "family": "superwimp_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0701011", "score": 18, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The forward-model chain has no step computing the decay-produced axino velocity distribution or the suppressed matter transfer function, so the warm-dark-matter-like small-scale suppression observable cannot be evaluated beyond qualitative statements (phase_space distribution_function_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Add a transfer-function step using the public two-body decaying-CDM CLASS extension, feeding the parent lifetime and mass splitting to obtain the daughter phase-space distribution and free-streaming cutoff, then compare against Ly-alpha and satellite-count WDM bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 108, "rank_structure_formation": 76}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 70.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 21.0, "severity_counts": {"minor": 1, "blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1012_0067_u1_late_decaying_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "U(1) late-decaying dark matter", "family": "decaying_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1012.0067", "score": 31, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No worked nonthermal production mechanism exists for chi/chi*: the paper shows Standard Model mixing production falls short by orders of magnitude, so the relic abundance and the initial momentum distribution (distribution_function_available: unknown) are unspecified rather than derived.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive a concrete production channel — e.g. freeze-in through the weak-bath mixing at higher temperatures or a direct inflaton coupling — and compute the resulting abundance and f(p), which would also fix any free-streaming imprint on the linear power spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1304_5120_quantum_environment_dark_neutrino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Quantum-environment dark neutrino dark matter component", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1304.5120", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No Lagrangian-level or kinetic-theory formulation of the pure-dephasing dark-neutrino coupling exists, so the early-universe production rate, relic fraction f_dark_nu, and momentum distribution f(p) of the dark-neutrino component cannot be derived; without f(p) no free-streaming scale or transfer function can be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Promote the Kraus-operator dephasing map to an interaction model (e.g. an effective neutrino-baryon operator generating the dephasing channel), derive the dark-neutrino production rate and f(p) via early-universe scattering kinetics, then evaluate the mixed hot/warm/cold transfer function with CLASS multi-ncdm species using the tabulated distribution.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1802_07720_confined_colored_relic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Confined colored relic dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1802.07720", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No controlled calculation of the quarkonium (X Xbar) bound-state formation cross section sigma_BSF in the strong-coupling confining regime; the card notes only tractable toy limits bracket the radiation/rearrangement rates, and this uncertainty dominates the relic abundance.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive sigma_BSF from a lattice or NRQCD-style effective-theory calculation of heavy-light hadron rearrangement in a dark SU(N), parameterized by m_X/Lambda_D and m_q/Lambda_D, and publish it as a tabulated cross-section model usable in a Boltzmann code.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 109, "rank_structure_formation": 118}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Phase-transition & defect-network computation", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 68.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 3}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1, "medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_scalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with scalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The electroweak phase-transition assessment relies on a gauge-dependent high-temperature analytic potential without bubble-nucleation dynamics, so the EWBG viability region carries uncontrolled theoretical uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement V_eff(h,s,T) in CosmoTransitions to compute the nucleation temperature and transition strength with daisy resummation, and compare a gauge-invariant criterion against the paper's v_c/T_c > 1 analytic condition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1211_5615_nonthermal_ewpt_vector_wimp_v1", "model_name": "Non-thermal electroweak-phase-transition vector WIMP dark matter", "family": "higgs_portal_vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1211.5615", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The bubble-collision production efficiency entering the source term is an uncalibrated analytic approximation whose output the paper itself notes is extremely sensitive to the strength and wall dynamics of the first-order electroweak phase transition.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the phase-transition strength and wall Lorentz factor for concrete Higgs-sector completions with CosmoTransitions and calibrate the particle-production efficiency against numerical bubble-collision simulations, replacing gamma_w as a free input with a derived quantity.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1703_06506_fermionic_dm_pseudoscalar_mediator_ewbg_v1", "model_name": "Fermionic dark matter with pseudoscalar mediator for electroweak baryogenesis", "family": "higgs_portal_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.06506", "score": 21, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The electroweak phase-transition assessment relies on a gauge-dependent high-temperature analytic potential without bubble-nucleation dynamics, so the EWBG viability region carries uncontrolled theoretical uncertainty.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement V_eff(h,s,T) in CosmoTransitions to compute the nucleation temperature and transition strength with daisy resummation, and compare a gauge-invariant criterion against the paper's v_c/T_c > 1 analytic condition.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 110}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "N-body / hydrodynamic simulation campaign", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 67.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 26.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1, "medium": 1, "major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1907_06353_cosmological_wetting_transition_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "cosmological wetting transition scalar dark matter", "family": "unified_dark_matter_dark_energy", "arxiv": "1907.06353", "score": 26, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No quantitative criterion or numerical model exists for when the chi symmetry-breaking transition is blocked in overdense environments: the survival of cold dark matter in galaxies and clusters rests on a qualitative stalled-expansion argument with no density/temperature threshold, bubble-nucleation treatment, or halo-scale simulation.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the local effective chi potential as a function of ambient density and expansion rate, obtain the critical overdensity for transition blocking (including bubble nucleation rates via a CosmoTransitions-style bounce calculation in the local background), and validate it with a semi-analytic spherical-collapse or small-volume N-body treatment of the coupled fields.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2203_12181_cgf_dark_matter_stars_v1", "model_name": "CGF cosmological SU(2)-weak gauge-field dark matter stars", "family": "compact_object_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.12181", "score": 22, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The abundance distribution of CGF dark matter stars along the mass-radius curve — i.e. the formation history and mass function from gravitational collapse of initial CGF fluctuations — has not been computed, so no halo-population prediction (lensing optical depth, event rates, transition rates) can be made despite the M(R) curve being known.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the star mass function from first principles as the paper suggests: evolve initial CGF fluctuations through collapse with hydrodynamic/GR simulations of the CGF perfect fluid (Press-Schechter-style collapse statistics as a first pass), yielding the number density of stars per mass bin on the TOV curve.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2001_04492_dark_atoms_millicharged_subcomponent_v1", "model_name": "Dark atoms with massive dark photon and millicharged subcomponent", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2001.04492", "score": 19.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Direct-detection rates for neutral dark-hydrogen dipole scattering require the atomic charge form factor and ionized/neutral fraction weighting; no reusable rate code or likelihood implements this beyond the paper's constraint overlays (point-particle millicharge limits are insufficient).", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-hydrogen induced-dipole scattering cross section with the atomic form factor as a function of (alpha_D, B_D, m_A, a_D), implement it as a custom cross-section module in DDCalc or an equivalent rate calculator, and weight ion and neutral channels by f_e.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 111, "rank_structure_formation": 107}
{"gap_type": "emulator", "theme": "Lyman-α forest modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 64.7, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 64.7, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1910_10160_conformal_freeze_in_quark_portal_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in quark-portal dark matter", "family": "conformal_freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1910.10160", "score": 39.7, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Existing Lyman-alpha flux-power likelihoods and emulators are calibrated on thermal-WDM (or sterile-neutrino) transfer functions and are not validated for COFI nonthermal spectra, so a one-to-one thermal-WDM mass mapping can misstate the excluded quark-portal region.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a Lyman-alpha emulator to accept generalized transfer-function shape parameters (e.g. the alpha-beta-gamma parameterization of noncold DM cutoffs) and validate it on CLASS transfer functions computed from COFI f(q) ansatzes before deriving exclusion contours.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509257_intermediate_pgb_partial_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Intermediate-mass pseudo-Goldstone boson partial dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509257", "score": 25.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The strongest historical constraint comes from the Lyman-alpha forest, but existing Lyman-alpha flux-power emulators and hydro-simulation grids are calibrated for pure WDM or full-density ultralight axions, not a fractional (f_I < 1) ultralight component mixed with CDM.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing Lyman-alpha hydrodynamic emulator grid with mixed CDM plus ultralight-scalar initial conditions parameterized by (m_I, f_I), analogous to existing mixed cold-plus-warm dark matter Lyman-alpha analyses, and expose it as a flux-power likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 112, "rank_structure_formation": 71}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 62.8, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1805_06876_composite_adm_dark_photon_portal_v1", "model_name": "Composite asymmetric dark matter with a dark photon portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06876", "score": 38.25, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The composite dark-baryon form factor for dark-photon-mediated nuclear scattering is not available: direct-detection recasts currently assume pointlike dark matter, while the card flags that compositeness and the light-mediator recoil spectrum can alter the predicted spectra.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the dark-baryon charge-radius form factor from the dark QCD spectrum (scaled from lattice QCD nucleon results at the dark confinement scale) and add it, with the light-mediator 1/(q^2 + m_Aprime^2)^2 propagator, to a DDCalc or wimprates recoil pipeline covering PandaX-II through DARWIN exposures.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2105_07642_chiral_composite_adm_nf3_bl_portal_v1", "model_name": "Three-flavor chiral composite ADM with B-L portal", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2105.07642", "score": 24.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The dark baryon octet spectrum, mass splittings, and meson masses of the three-flavor theory come from chiral-effective-theory scaling only; splittings decide which components are stable and U(1)_D charged, which directly controls the direct-detection and displaced-decay targets.", "proposed_resolution": "Rescale existing three-flavor lattice QCD spectroscopy to the dark confinement scale with the model's chiral (U, D) plus vector-like (S) mass pattern to fix the stable-state content and splittings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 113}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Dark-photon / light-mediator constraint recast", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 62.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 34.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_01007_massive_dark_photon_vector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Massive dark photon from axion tachyonic production", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.01007", "score": 34.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No public, validated lattice simulation exists for tachyonic production of a massive dark photon from an oscillating ALP condensate (m_X up to m_a/2, alpha_D ~ 10-100 with backreaction), so the vector occupation spectrum that sets Omega_X, gamma_eq, and the GW source is only estimated analytically; the paper's improved Python code is not released.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend a public lattice framework such as CosmoLattice with the phi X Xdual coupling and a Stueckelberg/Proca mass term, and tabulate final vector spectra, relic fractions, and GW spectra over (m_X/m_a, alpha_D, f_a) validated against the published templates.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2311_17157_light_vector_simp_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Light-vector-meson dark pion SIMP model", "family": "strongly_interacting_dark_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.17157", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public dark-shower configuration exists for this spectrum: a Pythia8 Hidden Valley setup with mass-degenerate dark quarks, stable dark pions, and dark rho mesons that decay only to SM particles through kinetic mixing (m_rho < 2 m_pi), including hadronization tuning for the confining SU(N_c) sector.", "proposed_resolution": "Build and publish a Pythia8 Hidden Valley card set for this model (N_c, N_f, m_pi, m_rho, f_pi, epsilon), fixing the visible/invisible fractions and rho lifetime consistently with the thermalisation lower bound on the portal width.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 114, "rank_structure_formation": 94}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Strong-lensing substructure likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 62.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 62.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2203_10100_inflationary_dark_photon_proca_stars_v1", "model_name": "Inflation-produced dark photon dark matter with Proca-star substructure", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2203.10100", "score": 43, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No survey-recast machinery or likelihood exists to convert the predicted soliton/compact-halo population (M_s, M_h, density profiles) into pulsar-timing, microlensing, photometric microlensing, or extragalactic strong-lensing constraints, and finite-size, fuzzy-envelope lenses are not covered by point-mass PBH limits.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a population-to-observable recast: fold the substructure mass function into finite-size-lens magnification maps for Subaru/HSC and OGLE microlensing likelihoods, PTA Doppler/Shapiro delay statistics, and strong-lensing flux-ratio/perturbation likelihoods, with survey selection functions parameterized in (m, H_I).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_10286_three_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Three-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No likelihood exists comparing the predicted three-body superfluid black-hole-environment observables to EHT shadow, strong-lensing, or GW data; the card records likelihood_available: no and the route as planned.", "proposed_resolution": "Once the forward models exist, wrap published EHT shadow-size posteriors (Sgr A*, M87*) and GW upper limits into a likelihood over (m, Lambda, rho_0, M_BH), marginalizing over black-hole spin and inclination.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 115, "rank_structure_formation": 73}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "21-cm signal modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 61.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 25.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1703_02338_pseudoscalar_hidden_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Pseudo-scalar mediator dark matter with hidden neutrinos", "family": "interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1703.02338", "score": 36, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear structure-formation calibration exists for transfer functions with enhanced/oscillatory DAO peaks that overshoot CDM power; halo-mass-function prescriptions are calibrated on suppressed or CDM-like spectra, blocking the mapping from the linear spectrum to low-mass halo abundance and the 21 cm signal.", "proposed_resolution": "Run a suite of N-body simulations with initial conditions drawn from the model's oscillatory enhanced transfer functions, calibrate a modified sharp-k/smooth-k halo-mass-function prescription against them, and couple the result to a semi-numerical 21 cm code (e.g. a 21cmFAST-class model) for cosmic-dawn predictions.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "hep_ph0509257_intermediate_pgb_partial_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Intermediate-mass pseudo-Goldstone boson partial dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "hep-ph/0509257", "score": 25.0, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Nonlinear structure formation for the mixed CDM plus intermediate-mass PGB component is uncalibrated (halo and subhalo mass-function effects unknown, simulation_calibrated: no), blocking quantitative weak-lensing and 21-cm forecasts that require nonlinear P(k).", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with fractional ultralight-scalar initial suppression (or a Schrodinger-Poisson/fuzzy-DM hybrid at the lighter masses) to calibrate a nonlinear matter-power correction, then feed it into a standard weak-lensing/21-cm Fisher pipeline (e.g. CosmoSIS) for percent-level f_I forecasts.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 116, "rank_structure_formation": 111}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Isocurvature machinery", "n_gaps": 3, "n_models": 3, "weight": 59.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 3}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 3}, "members": [{"model_id": "2004_06106_rapid_turn_multifield_pbh_dm_v1", "model_name": "Rapid-turn multifield inflation seeded primordial black holes", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2004.06106", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No numerical multifield perturbation pipeline is attached that evolves curvature and isocurvature modes through the rapid-turn history on the curved target space and outputs the enhanced P_zeta(k), so the O(1e7) enhancement rests on analytic estimates alone.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-field action with target-space metric gamma_ab(phi) in a public transport-method solver (PyTransport or MultiModeCode), parameterized by turn rate, Delta theta, Delta N, and feature scale k, and validate the analytic enhancement formula against the numerical P_zeta(k).", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1110_5931_gravitationally_produced_x_boson_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitationally produced nonthermal X-boson dark matter", "family": "nonthermal_gravitational_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1110.5931", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public inflationary particle-production solver computes the gravitationally produced X spectrum, energy density, and isocurvature/bispectrum statistics as a function of m_X/H_e for general slow-roll backgrounds; the paper's mode-function computation exists only as its own numerics for chaotic m^2 phi^2 inflation.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement a public Bogoliubov/mode-equation solver for a minimally coupled spectator scalar across the end of inflation, parameterized by (m_X/H_e, inflaton potential, H_e), outputting n_X, the blue isocurvature power spectrum, and the isocurvature bispectrum, validated against the paper's f_NL ~ 30 window for m_X < 4 H_e.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1606_02389_hidden_pq_higgs_axion_inflation_v1", "model_name": "Hidden Peccei-Quinn Higgs double-field axion-inflation model", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1606.02389", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No implementation of the double-field hidden-PQ-Higgs/SM-Higgs inflationary dynamics exists, so the trajectory, H_inf, and the effective f_a(t) during inflation — the inputs that decide whether isocurvature is actually suppressed — cannot be computed for given potential parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the two-field potential with nonminimal curvature couplings in a public transport-method code (PyTransport or MultiModeCode), compute the background trajectory and perturbation spectra, and extract H_inf and effective f_a during horizon exit for comparison with Planck isocurvature bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 117}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Stellar-stream perturbation likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 56.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 33.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 1, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2205_02255_high_fa_qcd_axion_pbh_ucmh_v1", "model_name": "High-decay-constant QCD axion dark matter with PBH-seeded UCMHs", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2205.02255", "score": 33, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "UCMH growth around PBH seeds and their tidal disruption into axion streams in the Galactic potential are modeled only with semi-analytic profiles and an assumed encounter rate; no simulation-calibrated model of stream density enhancement and Earth-encounter statistics exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations of PBH-seeded minihalo secondary accretion and subsequent tidal stripping along Milky Way orbits, and fit a stream density and encounter-rate model as a function of M_PBH, f_PBH, and orbital parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2101_11007_post_inflationary_ultralight_axion_string_dm_v1", "model_name": "Post-inflationary ultralight axion string dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2101.11007", "score": 23, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "Axion-string network simulations cannot reach the cosmologically relevant log(m_r/H) ~ 60-70, so the string tension, axion emission spectrum, and GW spectrum for this ultralight post-inflationary scenario all rest on a contested large-log extrapolation, and no public emulator of the emission/GW spectra as functions of (f_a, m_a, log) exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend adaptive-mesh global-string lattice simulations (AMReX-based codes of the Gorghetto/Buschmann type) to larger logs, quantify scaling violations, and release an emulator of the axion emission spectrum and dOmega_gw/df parameterized by log(m_r/H), f_a, and domain-wall number for downstream likelihood use.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 118, "rank_structure_formation": 96}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "BBN code extension", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 54.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 31.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2202_08278_susy_nelson_barr_gravitino_lsp_dm_v1", "model_name": "Supersymmetric Nelson-Barr gravitino LSP dark matter", "family": "gravitino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2202.08278", "score": 31, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation and Q-ball formation for the Nelson-Barr heavy-quark flat direction in gauge mediation have not been simulated, leaving the Q-ball charge, decay branching to gravitinos, and BBN consistency of the baryon-asymmetry prediction uncertain.", "proposed_resolution": "Run lattice simulations of the Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation for this flat direction's gauge-mediated potential (or adapt existing Q-ball charge-distribution simulations) to determine whether Q-balls form and whether their decays stay inside the allowed BBN/gravitino-injection window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2401_12286_dark_neutron_wimp_baryogenesis_v1", "model_name": "Mirror-sector dark neutron WIMP-baryogenesis model", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2401.12286", "score": 23.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The requirement that dark nucleosynthesis fail (so dark matter stays as individual dark neutrons rather than dark nuclei or atoms) is asserted from qualitative rate arguments; no dark-sector nuclear reaction network exists to verify it across the dark confinement scale, mass splittings, and dark-electron mass.", "proposed_resolution": "Adapt a BBN reaction-network code (AlterBBN/PRIMAT-style) to the dark sector: compute dark deuteron binding and capture rates from rescaled nuclear EFT as functions of Lambda_QCD_prime and the p'-n' splitting, and map the parameter region where dark nucleosynthesis genuinely fails.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 119, "rank_structure_formation": 100}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Collider / beam-dump recast", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 53.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1806_08268_framed_standard_model_hidden_sector_dm_v1", "model_name": "Framed Standard Model hidden-sector dark matter candidates", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.08268", "score": 29.25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Portal phenomenology is limited to order-of-magnitude estimates (scattering at a few percent of neutrino cross sections, unspecified collider bump rates); no quantitative cross sections, widths, or event rates have been derived from the Z-G and Higgs mixing elements.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive explicit differential cross sections for hidden-state scattering on nucleons/electrons through the Z-G mixing portal and production rates for TeV co-quark/co-lepton thresholds, then encode them in a FeynRules/CalcHEP model so standard event tools can be used.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_10563_conformal_freeze_in_composite_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in composite dark-pion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.10563", "score": 24.2, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Composite form factors for the vector-meson dark photon have not been computed, so elementary dark-photon search curves cannot be reliably recast onto the composite epsilon-m_A_D parameter space.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the composite dark photon's production and decay form factors (vector-meson-dominance or holographic estimate) and fold them into an existing recast framework such as Darkcast to rescale published fixed-target and collider limits.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 120}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Collider / beam-dump recast", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 51.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1009_2981_no_scale_f_su5_bino_golden_strip_v1", "model_name": "No-Scale F-SU(5) golden-strip Bino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_neutralino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1009.2981", "score": 27, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The collider test of the golden strip rests on pre-Run-2 statements of LHC testability; no recast of the vector-like flippon production and high-multiplicity-jet SUSY cascade signatures against current LHC Run 2/3 search likelihoods has been implemented.", "proposed_resolution": "Build the model in MadGraph via a UFO from the gap_1 SARAH implementation, generate flippon and gluino/squark cascade events, and recast against current multijet plus missing-energy and vector-like-quark searches with CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 recast databases.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1202_2253_pure_gravity_mediation_wino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Pure gravity mediation neutral wino dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_wino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1202.2253", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "Disappearing-track recasting for the 155-170 MeV-split charged wino requires experiment-specific tracklet efficiency and soft-pion acceptance maps that are not fully public, so the collider route cannot produce reliable exclusion contours for the PGM spectrum.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt the ATLAS/CMS HEPData tracklet efficiency maps for disappearing-track analyses inside a recast framework (CheckMATE or MadAnalysis5 long-lived module) and validate against the published pure-wino exclusion curves before applying to the PGM gaugino spectrum.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 121}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "GW detector forecasts & likelihoods (LIGO/LISA/ET)", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 50.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1804_00458_atomic_dark_matter_dark_magnetic_fields_v1", "model_name": "Atomic dark matter with cosmological dark magnetic fields", "family": "atomic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.00458", "score": 28, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No ultrahigh-frequency gravitational-wave measurement or upper limit exists at the frequencies where graviton-to-dark-photon conversion would deplete the signal, so the gw_conversion observable has no dataset or likelihood to be evaluated against, only proposed detector concepts.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt published sensitivity projections of ultrahigh-frequency GW detector concepts (e.g. cavity/Gertsenshtein-based proposals) as forecast likelihoods for the depletion signature, and update to real limits as instruments are built.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2209_09249_dark_dimension_dark_graviton_v1", "model_name": "Dark-dimension dark graviton dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.09249", "score": 22.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No detector data or sensitivity model exists for gravitational waves at the characteristic frequencies of keV-mass dark gravitons, roughly 1e8 times above LIGO bands, so the proposed high-frequency GW probe cannot be evaluated at all.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop sensitivity curves for proposed high-frequency GW detection concepts (e.g. resonant cavities or levitated-sensor proposals) in the relevant band and build a forecast tool mapping (m_DM, coupling strength) to signal-to-noise in those concepts.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 122}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Phase-transition & defect-network computation", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 49.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1912_02830_filtered_dirac_fermion_dm_v1", "model_name": "Filtered Dirac fermion dark matter at a first-order phase transition", "family": "filtered_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1912.02830", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The singlet scalar potential is left unspecified except for the requirement of a first-order phase transition, so the phase-transition thermodynamics (alpha, beta/H, v_w, T_n) and the scalar-Higgs mixing angle cannot be derived from Lagrangian parameters, blocking both the GW forecast and a self-consistent direct-detection map.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete renormalizable potential for phi (e.g. tree-level barrier or thermally driven), compute the finite-temperature effective potential and bounce action with CosmoTransitions to obtain (T_n, alpha, beta/H) and check wall-velocity consistency with the filtering benchmark v_w = 0.01, and derive sin theta and m_phi from the same potential.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1201_2699_asymmetric_higgsino_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric higgsino dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1201.2699", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The required electroweak phase transition at T_EWPT ~ 1-10 GeV has no concrete, computable realization: the paper notes it may need degrees of freedom beyond the MSSM, so the abundance prediction is conditional on an unspecified scalar sector whose transition dynamics cannot currently be calculated.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct an explicit extended-Higgs/singlet sector that delays the electroweak transition to 1-10 GeV and compute its finite-temperature effective potential and transition temperature with CosmoTransitions, recording the viable parameter map as a registry input.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 123}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Self-interacting DM halo modeling", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 48.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 22.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1609_06320_radion_misalignment_dm_v1", "model_name": "Radion misalignment dark matter in a five-dimensional weak-scale framework", "family": "scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.06320", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The black-hole superradiance edge of the excluded region is flagged in the card as uncertain because radion self-interactions introduce nonlinear effects that the linear superradiance calculation does not capture; no calculation covering the self-interacting regime is attached.", "proposed_resolution": "Redo the superradiance spin-down bounds including the radion quartic/self-interaction terms (bosenova and level-mixing saturation effects) for the model's parameter-dependent self-coupling, following modern nonlinear superradiance treatments, and publish the corrected exclusion edge as a function of the self-coupling.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1805_06011_dark_glueball_ultralight_axion_v1", "model_name": "Dark glueballs with associated ultralight axion dark matter", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1805.06011", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The glueball component's late-time behavior needed for structure and BBN projections is uncalibrated: glueball self-interaction cross sections and lifetimes are only dimensional estimates, so whether the subcomponent acts as collisionless CDM, SIDM, or a decaying species in the recast step is not quantitatively fixed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive glueball elastic self-scattering cross sections and portal-induced lifetimes from lattice matrix elements for the chosen gauge group, mapping (Lambda_dark, portal scale) onto a sigma/m and tau_glueball surface that the recast step can consume.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 124, "rank_structure_formation": 117}
{"gap_type": "emulator", "theme": "Axion / fuzzy-DM field solver", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 46.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 46.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1806_10608_generalized_ula_cosmological_field_v1", "model_name": "Generalized ultra-light axion-like cosmological field", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1806.10608", "score": 46, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear matter-power prediction (simulation-calibrated fit or emulator) exists for the generalized-n ULA fluid, so galaxy-survey constraints on the axion fraction rely on linear theory plus untested bias/EFT modeling in the mildly nonlinear regime; the card marks simulation_calibrated as 'no'.", "proposed_resolution": "Run N-body simulations with the generalized ULA linear transfer functions as initial conditions (and quantum-pressure corrections where relevant), then build a small emulator or halofit-style correction for P_nl(k,z; n, z_c, f_zc) to plug into an EFT-of-LSS survey likelihood.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 125, "rank_structure_formation": 79}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 45.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 25.5, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1208_4376_density_dependent_interactions_v1", "model_name": "Chameleon-controlled density-dependent dark matter interactions", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1208.4376", "score": 25.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The worked model is an isolated dark sector with no specified visible-sector portal, so laboratory direct-detection rates for the density-dependent scenario (obs_chameleon_lab_density_response) cannot be computed at all; kinetic mixing is only mentioned as future work.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a minimal visible portal (e.g. kinetic mixing of the dark U(1) with hypercharge), derive the environment-dependent nuclear/electron recoil rate with the terrestrial chameleon field value from step s1, and check the induced fifth-force/screening constraints.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1411_3739_big_bang_dark_nucleosynthesis_nuclear_dm_v1", "model_name": "Big-Bang Dark Nucleosynthesis nuclear dark matter", "family": "asymmetric_composite_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3739", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No coupling of the dark nucleons to the Standard Model is specified (portals: unknown), so the coherent direct-detection observable has no defined cross-section normalization to compute.", "proposed_resolution": "Define benchmark portal completions (e.g. a dark-photon kinetic-mixing or Higgs-portal coupling of the dark nucleon) and derive the per-nucleon SM coupling that the composite cross section coherently scales from, adding these benchmarks to the card's parameter space.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 126, "rank_structure_formation": 109}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Compact-object capture & heating", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 45.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1804_01418_self_interacting_bosonic_dm_core_v1", "model_name": "Self-interacting bosonic dark matter core in neutron stars", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1804.01418", "score": 24.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-core mass fraction is an assumed benchmark: no capture/formation/population model exists to predict which neutron stars carry a dark core of a given fraction, so constraints cannot be converted into bounds on underlying particle parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the dark-core mass fraction from the formation channels the paper sketches (neutron-to-DM conversion, bremsstrahlung production, accretion) as a function of m_D and sigma_D, and couple it to a neutron-star population synthesis model to predict the fraction distribution across observed pulsars and merger events.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1502_00715_gauge_mediated_q_ball_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Gauge-mediated Q-ball dark matter", "family": "q_ball_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1502.00715", "score": 21.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The neutron-star survival constraint on stable baryonic Q-balls, including the U(1)-breaking A-term suppression of Q-ball growth argued in rel_1912_06993, has no reusable implementation mapping (Q, M_F, m_3/2, A-term) to allowed/excluded regions.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive and code the neutron-star capture rate, neutron absorption rate, and A-term-modified growth equation from the related analysis as a parameterized module returning a survival-time bound versus Q-ball charge and A-term strength.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 127}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "N-body / hydrodynamic simulation campaign", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 44.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 44.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1906_00730_cosine_self_interacting_scalar_dm_v1", "model_name": "Cosine self-interacting scalar dark matter", "family": "axion_like_scalar_field_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.00730", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No galaxy rotation-curve likelihood exists for the bounded-cosine core profiles, including the baryonic and halo-rotation modeling the card flags as necessary, so the (rho_a, scalar mass) parameter space cannot be constrained against observed cored galaxies.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a profile-by-profile rotation-curve likelihood on a public dataset such as SPARC that fits the cosine hydrostatic core solutions plus baryons and an outer halo envelope, testing both the low-density core predictions and the predicted absence of cores in massive halos.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "astro-ph0412586_long_range_scalar_dm_interaction_v1", "model_name": "Long-range scalar-interacting dark matter with screening species", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0412586", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No survey likelihood or covariance exists for confronting the model's void-density, halo-profile, and clustering predictions with modern data; the primary constraint is a qualitative recast with likelihood_available: no.", "proposed_resolution": "Build a summary-statistic likelihood over (beta, r_s) using published void-size/void-density functions (e.g. SDSS/BOSS void catalogs), galaxy two-point clustering, and halo-profile constraints, with covariances estimated from mock catalogs generated by the modified N-body pipeline.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 128, "rank_structure_formation": 83}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Stellar-stream perturbation likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 43.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_all_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2303_04287_vector_coherent_oscillation_curvaton_v1", "model_name": "Vector coherent-oscillation dark matter with curvaton-generated curvature perturbations", "family": "vector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2303.04287", "score": 22, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The paper's viable-region contours exist only as figures; no reusable scan code maps (m_A, H_inf, R_A, Gamma_chi, kinetic-function exponent) to Omega_A, isocurvature power, and anisotropy amplitude, so the registry cannot re-evaluate the allowed region or extend it to new data.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's analytic abundance and perturbation formulae in a small public scan package (Python) that reproduces the quoted m_A = 1e-21 eV to 1 eV window and H_inf/R_A boundary, exposing the derived isocurvature and g_* amplitudes for downstream likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1109_2164_oscillating_asymmetric_dark_matter_fermion_v1", "model_name": "Oscillating asymmetric dark matter (fermion variant)", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1109.2164", "score": 21.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No public solver exists for the coupled oscillation-plus-annihilation evolution of fermionic asymmetric dark matter: a density-matrix/Boltzmann system tracking Y_particle and Y_antiparticle with X=2 mass mixing (Delta m), large annihilation, and elastic-scattering decoherence from freeze-out to today; the paper's own integration was released with no code artifact.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the paper's coupled density-matrix Boltzmann equations as a public Python/C module parameterized by (m_1, Delta m, <sigma v>, initial asymmetry, decoherence rate), validated against the paper's 10 GeV and 1000 GeV benchmark exclusions, and expose the anti-DM fraction history as output for downstream likelihoods.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 129}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Dark-photon / light-mediator constraint recast", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 42.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 24.2, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1, "blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1, "major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2209_10563_conformal_freeze_in_composite_dark_pion_v1", "model_name": "Conformal freeze-in composite dark-pion dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2209.10563", "score": 24.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "There is no quantitative treatment of the confining transition that converts the dark CFT energy density into dark-pion (and heavier resonance) abundances and momenta; the matching is currently an assumption, leaving the dark-pion yield and phase space undetermined beyond scaling estimates.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the confinement/hadronization of the near-conformal sector via a holographic (AdS/CFT dual) model or lattice simulation of a representative confining gauge theory, delivering a parameterized map from pre-confinement energy density to dark-hadron yields, momenta, and the IR kinetic mixing epsilon.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1609_01770_baryonic_vector_scalar_light_dm_v1", "model_name": "Baryonic-vector scalar light dark matter benchmark", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1609.01770", "score": 18, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No anomaly-canceling UV completion of the gauged baryon-number mediator is specified, so the gauge-consistency validation step cannot be run and the cosmological abundance and stability of chi cannot be defined for this benchmark.", "proposed_resolution": "Adopt and encode a minimal anomaly-canceling charge assignment (e.g. anomalons in a standard gauged-U(1)_B completion), derive the induced kinetic mixing and new-state constraints, and add the anomaly-cancellation check as a scripted validation of the charge table.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 130, "rank_structure_formation": 113}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Strong-lensing substructure likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 40.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 40.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2302_10286_two_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Two-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 21, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No ray-tracing/imaging forward model exists that takes the two-body superfluid n=1 Lane-Emden density profile around an SMBH and predicts photon-sphere shifts, shadow size, or strong-lensing deflections.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing black-hole ray-tracing code (e.g. GYOTO or ipole) with a metric solved for the black hole plus the P_2 superfluid mass distribution, parameterized by (m, a, rho_0, M_BH), and output shadow/lensing observables on a model-parameter grid.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2302_10286_three_body_superfluid_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Three-body interacting superfluid dark matter around black holes", "family": "superfluid_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.10286", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No ray-tracing/imaging forward model exists that takes the three-body superfluid density profile (n=1/2 Lane-Emden core plus inner degeneracy-breakdown region) around an SMBH and predicts photon-sphere shifts, shadow size, or strong-lensing deflections.", "proposed_resolution": "Extend an existing black-hole ray-tracing code (e.g. GYOTO or ipole) with a metric solved for the black hole plus the P_3 superfluid mass distribution, parameterized by (m, Lambda, rho_0, M_BH), and output shadow/lensing observables on a grid of model parameters.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 131, "rank_structure_formation": 85}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "PTA / stochastic GW background likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 39.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 1, "small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2305_02568_higgs_preheating_gravitational_freeze_in_dirac_dm_v1", "model_name": "Gravitational freeze-in Dirac dark matter from Higgs preheating", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2305.02568", "score": 20, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No experiment or public likelihood has sensitivity to the predicted 10-10^3 MHz stochastic gravitational-wave background, so the model's only late-time observable channel cannot currently be tested against data.", "proposed_resolution": "Compute the predicted Omega_GW(f) with a lattice GW module and compare against published sensitivity forecasts of proposed high-frequency GW detectors (levitated sensors, microwave-cavity concepts), packaging the comparison as a forecast likelihood; actual detection capability requires new instrumentation.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2311_10148_lmu_ltau_ultralight_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight L_mu-L_tau vector dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.10148", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The binary-pulsar exclusion boundary in the g-m plane used to check consistency of the PTA fit region exists only as an undigitized figure from the cited literature, with no machine-readable contour or public radiation calculator for muon-charge-sourced ultralight L_mu-L_tau emission.", "proposed_resolution": "Digitize the published binary-pulsar g-m exclusion contours (e.g. from arXiv:2210.03880) and reimplement the analytic orbital-period-loss formula for ultralight vector radiation from muon-charged neutron-star binaries as a small script producing machine-readable bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 132}
{"gap_type": "emulator", "theme": "Dwarf-galaxy dynamics & density profiles", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 38.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 38.5, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 2}, "effort_counts": {"large": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "1308_0618_symmetric_light_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Symmetric light-mediator self-interacting dark matter benchmark", "family": "self_interacting_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.0618", "score": 21.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated emulator or simulation suite maps the velocity-dependent Yukawa cross section sigma_T/m(v) of this benchmark (with both repulsive chi-chi and attractive chi-anti-chi channels) onto dwarf core sizes, halo shapes, and subhalo circular velocities across the (m_chi, m_phi, alpha_chi) space; existing SIDM simulations cover only selected cross-section models.", "proposed_resolution": "Run an SIDM N-body suite gridded in effective sigma_T/m at dwarf, Milky Way, and cluster velocity scales (or extend an isothermal-Jeans-type calibrated SIDM halo model to velocity-dependent Yukawa scattering) and fit an emulator for core size, halo shape, and subhalo V_circ including baryonic-feedback systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "1308_0618_asymmetric_light_mediator_sidm_v1", "model_name": "Asymmetric light-mediator self-interacting dark matter benchmark", "family": "asymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1308.0618", "score": 17.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No calibrated emulator or simulation suite maps the velocity-dependent Yukawa cross section sigma_T/m(v) of this benchmark onto dwarf core sizes, halo shapes, and subhalo circular velocities across the (m_chi, m_phi, alpha_chi) space; existing SIDM simulations cover only selected cross-section models, so the halo recast is only partially calibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run an SIDM N-body suite gridded in effective sigma_T/m at dwarf, Milky Way, and cluster velocity scales (or extend an isothermal-Jeans-type calibrated SIDM halo model to velocity-dependent Yukawa scattering) and fit an emulator for core size, halo shape, and subhalo V_circ including baryonic-feedback systematics.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 133, "rank_structure_formation": 88}
{"gap_type": "other", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 38.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_all_observables": 1, "minor": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 1, "medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1906_05300_primordial_fifth_force_dm_halos_v1", "model_name": "Primordial dark matter halos from scalar fifth forces", "family": "fifth_force_clumped_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1906.05300", "score": 20, "severity": "minor", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No model exists for the present-day local encounter rate and residual free-particle fraction of PDMHs in the Milky Way (including tidal disruption and survival), so the predicted direct-detection depletion cannot be quantified.", "proposed_resolution": "Model PDMH survival and tidal stripping in Milky Way-like potentials (semi-analytic subhalo-evolution machinery adapted to AU-scale, solar-mass clumps) to compute the unbound-particle density at Earth and the Earth-PDMH encounter rate versus M_PDMH.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "1106_1256_rotating_bec_cdm_vortices_v1", "model_name": "Rotating Bose-Einstein-condensate cold dark matter with possible vortices", "family": "bose_einstein_condensate_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1106.1256", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card carries only a placeholder recovery route and a mislabeled direct-detection/recoil observable for what is an ultra-light BEC halo-structure model; the real theory-to-observable routing (GP-Poisson halo profiles, cores, vortex signatures, small-scale power suppression) was never extracted, so no physical observable of this model is currently connected to a forward-model chain.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the standard enrichment pass on the primary paper to replace the recovery route with physical routes: (m, g) to halo density profiles and rotation curves, (m, g, lambda) to vortex formation criteria, and (m, g) to the linear small-scale cutoff, with correctly labeled channels.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 134}
{"gap_type": "other", "theme": "Boltzmann-code extension (CLASS/CAMB/ETHOS)", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 37.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 2, "weight_structure_formation": 37.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_all_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "0709_1218_hidden_sector_pion_cdm_v1", "model_name": "Strongly interacting hidden-sector pion cold dark matter", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "0709.1218", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The card's only route is a recovery placeholder (data transform on the card itself); no forward-model routes exist from (Lambda_H, m_pi_h, lambda_3, tan beta) to concrete observables such as relic density, Higgs invisible/exotic decays, or direct detection, so no observable is currently evaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the full enrichment on the primary paper to construct real routes: a freeze-out relic-density route (Boltzmann solver step using the gap_1 implementation), a Higgs-portal direct-detection route feeding public likelihoods (DDCalc), and a Higgs-mixing collider-constraint route (HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals).", "blocks_structure_formation": true}, {"model_id": "2312_17246_vectorlike_portal_scalar_fimp_v1", "model_name": "Vectorlike-portal scalar FIMP dark matter", "family": "freeze_in_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2312.17246", "score": 18.5, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The routing block is a recovery placeholder: the single route contains only a card-reading data transform and defines no forward-model chain from (lambda, G, m_s, m_F, Delta) to any concrete observable or constraint, so there is no evaluable path even where tools exist.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the standard enrichment on the primary paper to build real routes: a freeze-in relic-density route (rate calculation to Omega h^2 target) and a structure-formation route (f(p) to CLASS transfer function to small-scale-structure likelihoods), with citation-supported constraints replacing the placeholder record.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 135, "rank_structure_formation": 92}
{"gap_type": "data", "theme": "21-cm signal modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 35.2, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 35.2, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1210_0191_nonthermal_warm_wino_lsp_v1", "model_name": "Nonthermal warm wino LSP dark matter", "family": "supersymmetric_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1210.0191", "score": 35.2, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "The predicted imprint sits at k > 100 Mpc^-1, beyond current data; the proposed probe is high-redshift (z ~ 30-200) 21 cm fluctuations, for which no dataset or forward-model likelihood at these scales exists.", "proposed_resolution": "Develop a dark-ages 21 cm power-spectrum forward model reaching k > 100 Mpc^-1 with a suppression-template likelihood, ready for future lunar/space-based 21 cm arrays.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 136, "rank_structure_formation": 93}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "21-cm signal modeling & likelihood", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 34.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1803_10096_charge_sequestration_charged_x_dm_v1", "model_name": "Charge-sequestration charged-X dark matter", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1803.10096", "score": 34.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The paper explicitly defers a complete realistic production model: no derivation ties the charge asymmetry, dark-photon annihilation, or parent X' decay history to the required abundance r_X and fraction f_X, so route inputs epsilon_X r_X and f_X are unanchored free parameters rather than outputs of a defined cosmology.", "proposed_resolution": "Construct explicit production histories for each viable window (asymmetric production with dark-photon annihilation for the MeV window; late X' parent decay for the sub-eV window), deriving r_X(m_X, epsilon_X, couplings) so relic-density and structure-formation consistency can be checked alongside the 21 cm signal.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 137}
{"gap_type": "other", "theme": "Relic-abundance solver extension (micrOMEGAs/MadDM/DarkSUSY)", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 2, "weight": 34.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_all_observables": 2}, "effort_counts": {"small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2007_04963_scalar_contact_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-contact inelastic scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04963", "score": 18, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The only route is a recovery stub (read_primary_model_card) with no physical forward-model chain from the EFT parameters (m_X, delta, Lambda_S) to the relic density and the XENON1T electron-recoil spectrum, so the card cannot route theory to data at all in its current form.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the normal enrichment pass for this card and rebuild the route with explicit steps: coupled freeze-out of XX'/XX/X'X' annihilation, late e X' -> e X conversion decoupling near T ~ 1 MeV, exothermic DM-electron scattering rate, and a XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood comparison.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2007_04963_vector_contact_inelastic_dm_v1", "model_name": "Vector-contact inelastic scalar dark matter EFT", "family": "inelastic_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2007.04963", "score": 16, "severity": "blocks_all_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The only route is a recovery stub (read_primary_model_card) with no physical forward-model chain from the EFT parameters (m_X, delta, Lambda_V) to the relic density and the XENON1T electron-recoil spectrum, so the card cannot route theory to data at all in its current form.", "proposed_resolution": "Rerun the normal enrichment pass for this card and rebuild the route with explicit steps: XX' freeze-out through the vector current operators, late e X' -> e X conversion decoupling near T ~ 1 MeV, exothermic DM-electron scattering rate, a XENON1T electron-recoil likelihood, and collider mediator constraints relevant to the low Lambda_V ~ 75 GeV cutoff.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 138}
{"gap_type": "emulator", "theme": "Strong-lensing substructure likelihood", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 30.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 30.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2306_16532_one_to_one_mixed_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "One-to-one resonantly produced mixed sterile-neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2306.16532", "score": 30.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Ly-alpha forest and strong-lensing constraints for this model rely on thermal-WDM-calibrated pipelines, but the resonant spectra are explicitly nonthermal and mixed with CDM, so no emulator or likelihood covers the model-specific T(k) shapes (thermal-WDM equivalent masses are only approximate per the card).", "proposed_resolution": "Extend existing Ly-alpha flux-power emulators and lensing substructure likelihoods from the thermal-WDM axis to a generalized suppressed-transfer-function parameterization (e.g. {alpha, beta, gamma} or {f, k_half}) that spans mixed cold-plus-warm spectra, validated with a small set of hydro simulations of representative mixed models.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 139, "rank_structure_formation": 102}
{"gap_type": "likelihood", "theme": "Nonlinear-structure emulator", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 30.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 30.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"major_program": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "astro_ph0101524_resonant_sterile_neutrino_dm_v1", "model_name": "Resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "astro-ph/0101524", "score": 30, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "major_program", "description": "No public Ly-alpha flux-power likelihood or emulator accepts arbitrary resonant nonthermal sterile-neutrino distributions; the RPSN hydrodynamical grid covers only benchmark distribution shapes, and out-of-grid f_s(p) require new simulations (card assumption rpsn-hydrodynamical-grid, likelihood_available: no).", "proposed_resolution": "Build a Ly-alpha flux-power emulator trained on hydrodynamical simulations spanning generalized nonthermal transfer-function shapes (e.g. the alpha-beta-gamma parameterization) and wrap it with the BOSS/eBOSS flux-power data as a public likelihood, so computed f_s(p) can be constrained without per-model simulations.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 140, "rank_structure_formation": 103}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "PTA / stochastic GW background likelihood", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 26.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2312_04628_supercool_phase_transition_pbh_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Supercool radiative-symmetry-breaking phase-transition PBH dark matter", "family": "primordial_black_holes", "arxiv": "2312.04628", "score": 26.5, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "Semi-analytic GW spectrum templates (sound waves, bubble collisions, turbulence) are calibrated for weak-to-moderate transitions; their normalization and spectral shape in the strongly supercooled, vacuum-dominated regime relevant here are uncalibrated.", "proposed_resolution": "Run or adopt hydrodynamic/lattice simulations of strongly supercooled transitions (large alpha, relativistic walls) to calibrate an extended template parameterized by (alpha, beta/H_n, wall velocity), and propagate the resulting shape uncertainty into the PTA fit.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 141}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "BBN code extension", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 26.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 26.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2302_09515_sterile_neutrino_dark_sector_freeze_out_v1", "model_name": "Sterile neutrino dark matter with dark-sector freeze-out", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2302.09515", "score": 26, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The higher-dimensional operator coupling the singlet scalar to the Standard Model is left unspecified, so the scalar lifetime entering the decay-before-BBN requirement cannot be computed from model parameters.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a minimal decay portal (e.g. a Higgs-portal mixing or dimension-five operator), derive the scalar width analytically, and delimit the coupling range that gives tau_s shorter than about one second while keeping the dark sector decoupled from the SM bath.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 142, "rank_structure_formation": 108}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Dwarf-galaxy dynamics & density profiles", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 25.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 25.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1411_1731_luminogenesis_inflationary_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Inflationary dark matter in the luminogenesis model", "family": "hidden_sector_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.1731", "score": 25, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The dark-hadron self-interaction cross section sigma(v)/m of the confining SU(4)_DM sector is never computed: the card has no dark-sector spectrum, no scattering amplitude, and no velocity dependence, so the claimed dwarf-galaxy/cusp-core phenomenology cannot be evaluated.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the lightest SU(4)_DM dark-hadron spectrum and low-energy self-scattering using lattice results and chiral-EFT methods developed for SU(N) dark-baryon models, parameterized by Lambda_4, and output sigma(v)/m for comparison with the 0.1-10 cm^2/g halo-scale window.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 143, "rank_structure_formation": 112}
{"gap_type": "tool", "theme": "Dark-photon / light-mediator constraint recast", "n_gaps": 2, "n_models": 1, "weight": 24.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1, "degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"small": 2}, "members": [{"model_id": "2111_01164_scalar_vector_inelastic_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-vector inelastic coannihilation dark matter model", "family": "inelastic_scalar_coannihilation", "arxiv": "2111.01164", "score": 24, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "No public UFO/FeynRules implementation of the scalar-vector inelastic model (s1, s2, dark photon A prime with kinetic mixing and the dark-current coupling) is identified, so event generation for A prime-mediated s1 s2 production and lifetime cross-checks cannot be rerun.", "proposed_resolution": "Implement the U(1)_D Lagrangian with Stueckelberg/kinetic mixing and the s1-s2 dark current in FeynRules, export UFO files, validate against the paper's m_Aprime = 3 m2 benchmark decay lengths, and publish the model files.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}, {"model_id": "2111_01164_scalar_vector_inelastic_coannihilation_dm_v1", "model_name": "Scalar-vector inelastic coannihilation dark matter model", "family": "inelastic_scalar_coannihilation", "arxiv": "2111.01164", "score": 24, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "small", "description": "The dark-photon dilepton-resonance and electroweak-precision constraints have not been recast for this model, whose A prime branching fractions differ from the minimal dark photon because of the invisible/inelastic s1 s2 channel.", "proposed_resolution": "Apply a Darkcast-style rescaling of published dilepton-resonance and EWPT limits in the (m_Aprime, epsilon) plane using the model-specific A prime branching fractions including the s1 s2 mode, and store the result as a constraint table for the scan.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 144}
{"gap_type": "derivation", "theme": "Milky Way satellite / subhalo-count likelihood", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 23.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 23.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1809_10577_lrsm_rh_neutrino_warm_dm_v1", "model_name": "Left-right symmetric model with keV right-handed-neutrino warm dark matter", "family": "sterile_neutrino_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1809.10577", "score": 23.0, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The N1 phase-space distribution after gauge production plus entropy dilution is not available (distribution_function_available is unknown), so no model-specific transfer function or free-streaming length can be computed for structure-formation comparisons.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive f(q) from the momentum-dependent production-plus-dilution calculation and pass it to CLASS/CAMB as a non-cold relic to obtain the linear transfer function, then map to an equivalent thermal-WDM mass for existing Ly-alpha and satellite-count bounds.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 145, "rank_structure_formation": 116}
{"gap_type": "simulation", "theme": "Direct-detection recast & likelihood", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 20.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2002_04625_fermion_millicharged_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Fermion millicharged dark matter with supernova-remnant plasma dynamics", "family": "millicharged_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2002.04625", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "No nonlinear kinetic simulation exists of millicharged DM interacting with supernova-remnant shocks and subsequent Galactic magnetic-field transport; the linear instability analysis cannot predict the accelerated mDM spectrum, the degree of disk evacuation, or the local density and velocity distribution that direct-detection interpretations require.", "proposed_resolution": "Run particle-in-cell (or hybrid-kinetic) collisionless-shock simulations with an additional charged species scanned over |q_chi|/m_chi to obtain sweep-up efficiency and post-shock spectra, then propagate the swept population through a Galactic magnetic-field transport model (GALPROP/DRAGON-style diffusion adapted to the mDM rigidity) to predict the local flux and disk density suppression.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 146}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "GW detector forecasts & likelihoods (LIGO/LISA/ET)", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 20.5, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2102_03631_fnpq_dfsz_type_ii_flavored_axion_v1", "model_name": "FNPQ DFSZ type-II flavored axion dark matter", "family": "axion_like_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2102.03631", "score": 20.5, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "The N>1 DFSZ domain-wall problem has no specified resolution in the card (inflationary dilution versus explicit/dynamical wall destabilization is left open), so the cosmological-viability output of the recast step cannot be evaluated quantitatively for the misalignment abundance window.", "proposed_resolution": "Specify a concrete wall-destabilization mechanism for this model (e.g. a PQ-breaking bias term or pre-PQ-breaking inflation), derive the resulting wall-decay temperature and gravitational-wave/entropy budget, and add the corresponding viability cut to the recast step using existing domain-wall network simulation scalings.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 147}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "Compact-object capture & heating", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 19.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"blocks_key_observables": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "1411_3657_multicomponent_ohe_uu_dark_atoms_v1", "model_name": "Multicomponent OHe and UU dark atoms", "family": "multi_component_dark_matter", "arxiv": "1411.3657", "score": 19, "severity": "blocks_key_observables", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The OHe-nucleus interaction is not solved: no validated calculation of OHe slowing in matter, the shallow bound state with sodium, or the temperature-dependent radiative-capture rate exists (the paper flags this nuclear physics as under development), so the DAMA modulation and null-result evasion claims cannot be computed.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the OHe-nucleus potential and bound-state spectrum by solving the coupled Coulomb-plus-nuclear few-body problem (e.g. with standard nuclear few-body machinery) for sodium and cryogenic-detector targets, then publish temperature-dependent capture-rate tables usable in a detector-response model.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 148}
{"gap_type": "calibration", "theme": "Nonlinear-structure emulator", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 19.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 1, "weight_structure_formation": 19.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"large": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2307_07228_coupled_sfdm_ede_v1", "model_name": "Coupled scalar-field dark matter and early-dark-energy model", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2307.07228", "score": 19.0, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "large", "description": "The DES-Y3 S8 comparison relies on linear-to-nonlinear growth modeling that is uncalibrated for coupled SFDM-EDE (the card records halo/subhalo mass-function effects as unknown and simulation_calibrated no), so weak-lensing-scale predictions carry an unquantified nonlinear modeling error.", "proposed_resolution": "Calibrate a nonlinear matter-power prescription for this model, either by running N-body simulations with the modified linear input spectra and scale-dependent growth to refit a halofit/HMcode-style correction, or by validating that standard emulators remain accurate for the small coupled-sector departures within the posterior.", "blocks_structure_formation": true}], "rank": 149, "rank_structure_formation": 121}
{"gap_type": "theory", "theme": "PTA / stochastic GW background likelihood", "n_gaps": 1, "n_models": 1, "weight": 19.0, "n_models_structure_formation": 0, "weight_structure_formation": 0.0, "severity_counts": {"degrades_precision": 1}, "effort_counts": {"medium": 1}, "members": [{"model_id": "2311_10148_lmu_ltau_ultralight_vector_dark_matter_v1", "model_name": "Ultralight L_mu-L_tau vector dark matter", "family": "fuzzy_ultralight_dark_matter", "arxiv": "2311.10148", "score": 19, "severity": "degrades_precision", "estimated_effort": "medium", "description": "No cosmological production calculation exists for this ultralight (m ~ 1e-23 eV) L_mu-L_tau vector: the card records production as unspecified and relic density as purely phenomenological (normalized to local rho_dm), so whether the field can actually constitute the dark matter with the required coherent amplitude is not evaluable.", "proposed_resolution": "Derive the relic abundance from a concrete production mechanism for ultralight vectors (misalignment with the required non-minimal coupling, inflationary fluctuation production, or tachyonic production from an axion-like coupling) and check consistency of the resulting rho_dm and coherence properties with the PTA-fit m and g.", "blocks_structure_formation": false}], "rank": 150}